WO2020191916A1 - 具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具及方法 - Google Patents
具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020191916A1 WO2020191916A1 PCT/CN2019/088707 CN2019088707W WO2020191916A1 WO 2020191916 A1 WO2020191916 A1 WO 2020191916A1 CN 2019088707 W CN2019088707 W CN 2019088707W WO 2020191916 A1 WO2020191916 A1 WO 2020191916A1
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- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic oil
- ring
- pressure
- warning
- cylinder
- Prior art date
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001568665 Ocinebrellus inornatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000032825 Ring chromosome 2 syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
Definitions
- the invention relates to an anchor and a method, in particular to an anchorage device suitable for engineering fields such as coal mines, slopes, water conservancy, and other engineering fields, with initial ground stress above 30 MPa in a geological environment, with grading early warning of anchoring force and reciprocating flexible deformation and pressure characteristics Anchorage and method.
- the problem with this type of solution is that the iron wire may be rusted, and the rust amplitude is positively correlated with time, environmental humidity, and moisture PH value; another problem is that not all bolts have a tendency to fracture, and all anchors The opening of the rod end and the binding of iron wires to all anchor rod ends slowed the support speed to a certain extent, which is not conducive to the effective replacement of the mining cycle, and the engineering operation process is relatively blind.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide an anchorage with simple structure, convenient operation, and improved failure probability with anchoring force grading warning and reciprocating flexible deformation and pressure relief characteristics.
- An anchorage with grading early warning of anchoring force and pressure relief characteristics of reciprocating flexible deformation of the present invention includes a pressure relief main body, a primary warning ring arranged on the pressure relief main body, and a secondary warning device located under the pressure relief main body The ring and the hydraulic cylinder connected with the pressure relief body;
- the pressure letting main body includes an upper letting pressure ring and a lower letting pressure ring matched with it.
- the bottom of the upper letting pressure ring is machined with a cylindrical hollow groove, and both sides of the upper letting pressure ring are respectively provided with hydraulic oil input ports and
- the main hydraulic oil pressure gauge is arranged on one side of the upper pressure ring, and the middle of the upper pressure ring is provided with an anchor rod perforation;
- the lower pressure ring includes a hollow cylinder protruding from the top, the center of the hollow cylinder is an anchor rod perforation, a circular groove is opened below the top of the hollow cylinder, and a hydraulic oil sealing ring is arranged in the circular groove; The distance from the side to the top of the hollow cylinder is 5mm.
- the primary early warning ring includes a primary early warning ring bearing column and a primary early warning ring annular groove
- the secondary early warning ring includes a secondary early warning ring bearing column and a secondary early warning ring annular groove
- the primary early warning ring annular groove is embedded with blue Color warning rubber ring, red warning rubber ring is embedded in the ring groove of the secondary warning ring;
- the hydraulic oil cylinder includes a cylinder block, a hydraulic oil output port, a hydraulic oil input port, a base, a hydraulic oil addition port, a cylinder hydraulic oil pressure gauge, and a fixing hook.
- One side of the cylinder is provided with a hydraulic oil output port and hydraulic oil
- the hydraulic oil output port is connected with the hydraulic oil input port through the hydraulic oil input pipe, and the hydraulic oil input port is connected with the hydraulic oil output port through the hydraulic oil output pipe.
- the hydraulic oil pressure gauge of the oil cylinder is located on the upper part of the cylinder, and the base It is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, the hydraulic oil addition port is arranged at the lower part of the cylinder, and the fixing hook is arranged at the top of the cylinder.
- the deformation limits of the annular groove of the primary warning ring and the annular groove of the secondary warning ring are 200 MPa and 300 MPa, respectively.
- the diameter of the upper pressure ring is 400mm and the height is 200mm; the diameter of the cylindrical hollow groove is 250mm and the depth is 150mm; the distance between the hydraulic oil inlet and the bottom end of the cylindrical hollow groove is 10mm; The distance between the hydraulic oil outlet and the top end of the cylindrical hollow groove is 10 mm.
- the diameter of the lower pressure ring is 400m and the total height is 200mm; the height of the hollow cylinder is 150mm and the diameter is 250mm; the spacing of the circumferential grooves is 5mm, the depth is 3mm, and the width is 3mm ; The distance between the upper ring groove and the top of the hollow cylinder is 5mm.
- the diameter and height of the primary warning ring bearing column and the secondary warning ring bearing column are 400mm and 20mm, respectively, and the depth and width of the corresponding primary warning ring annular groove and the secondary warning ring annular groove are both 5mm.
- the cylinder has a liquid storage volume of 4L and a wall thickness of 15-20mm.
- Drill holes into the rock mass according to the set depth insert two-component resin anchoring agent into the construction hole, then use the drill to drive the anchor rod and rotate to mix the two-component resin anchoring agent;
- the hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic oil cylinder is fed back to the oil cylinder hydraulic oil pressure gauge. If the apparent value is too large, the oil pressure is released through the hydraulic oil addition port, and if the apparent value is too small, it is pumped through the hydraulic oil addition port Hydraulic oil compensates for pressure.
- the flow direction of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil output pipe is controlled by the one-way valve A, and the flow direction of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil input pipe is controlled by the one-way valve B.
- the present invention solves the problems existing in the prior art well, and has the characteristics of grading early warning characteristics of anchoring force, flexible deformation and pressure relief characteristics, and low cost. Compared with the existing technology, it has the following advantages:
- the anchor has the characteristics of classification and early warning of anchoring force.
- the anchor is equipped with a primary warning ring and a secondary warning ring.
- the two warning rings are equipped with a blue warning ring and a red warning ring respectively.
- the force of the bolt is small, that is, under normal conditions, the two early warning rubber rings are hidden in the annular grooves of the primary early warning ring and the secondary early warning ring, making it difficult to see.
- the anchor rod is subjected to excessive force or exceeds the response capacity of the main hydraulic oil pressure, considering that the deformation limits of the annular groove of the primary warning ring and the annular groove of the secondary warning ring are 200 MPa and 300 MPa respectively, these values approach the anchor respectively.
- the laboratory yield limit and breaking limit of the rod body are 200 MPa and 300 MPa respectively.
- the pressure letting main body in the present invention has the characteristics of reusability, its overall structure is simple, no complicated mechanical processing production process, the core technology adopted is relatively simple but mature, and it has good application in high stress geological environment Adaptability.
- the primary early warning ring and the secondary early warning ring used when the corresponding ring groove of the primary early warning ring and the ring groove of the secondary early warning ring are not deformed, they have better reusability; if they are deformed, then It needs to be replaced, but the structure of the component is extremely simple, and the cost is low after mass production. Based on the above overall analysis, it is not difficult to see that the present invention has the characteristics of strong reusability and low cost.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the practical application structure of the present invention in the engineering site
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anchor in the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the anchor and the oil cylinder in the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the anchor in the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the A-A section in Fig. 4.
- the anchorage and method of the present invention with grading early warning of anchoring force and reciprocating flexible deformation pressure relief characteristics are mainly composed of pressure relief body 1, primary warning ring 2, secondary warning ring 3 and hydraulic cylinder 4 ;
- the primary warning ring 2 is provided on the pressure letting body 1
- the secondary warning ring 3 is arranged on the lower part of the pressure letting body 1
- the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected with the pressure letting body 1;
- the pressure letting main body 1 includes an upper letting pressure ring 1-1 and a lower letting pressure ring 1-2, the bottom of the upper letting pressure ring 1-1 is machined with a cylindrical hollow groove 1-12, and the upper letting pressure ring 1-1 There are hydraulic oil input ports 1-4 and hydraulic oil output ports 1-5 on both sides respectively.
- the main hydraulic oil pressure gauge 1-3 is arranged on the side of the upper pressure ring 1-1, and the middle of the upper pressure ring 1-1 is opened. There are bolt holes 11.
- the lower pressure ring 1-2 includes a hollow cylinder 1-11 protruding at the top, the center is an anchor perforation 11, the hollow cylinder 1-11 is provided with a circular groove 1-10 below the top, and a circular groove 1- A hydraulic oil sealing ring is arranged in 10.
- the primary early warning ring 2 includes a primary early warning ring bearing column 2-1 and a primary early warning ring annular groove 2-2, wherein the secondary early warning ring 3 includes a secondary early warning ring bearing column 3-1 and a secondary early warning ring annular groove 3 -2, the primary warning ring ring groove 2-2 is embedded with a blue warning rubber ring 2-3, and the secondary warning ring ring groove 3-2 is embedded with a red warning rubber ring 3-3.
- the hydraulic oil cylinder 4 includes a cylinder block 4-1, a hydraulic oil output port 4-2, a hydraulic oil input port 4-3, a base 4-4, a hydraulic oil addition port 4-5, and a cylinder hydraulic oil pressure gauge 4-6
- the fixed hook 4-7 one side of the cylinder 4-1 is provided with a hydraulic oil output port 4-2 and a hydraulic oil input port 4-3, the hydraulic oil output port 4-2 is connected to the hydraulic oil input pipe 1-8
- the hydraulic oil input ports 1-4 are connected, the hydraulic oil input ports 4-3 are connected with the hydraulic oil output ports 1-5 through the hydraulic oil output pipes 1-6, and the cylinder hydraulic oil pressure gauge 4-6 is set in the cylinder 4-
- the base 4-4 is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder 4-1, the hydraulic oil adding port 4-5 is arranged at the lower part of the cylinder 4-1, and the fixing hook 4-7 is arranged on the top of the cylinder 4-1.
- the deformation limits of the primary warning ring annular groove 2-2 and the secondary warning ring annular groove 3-2 in the primary warning ring 2 and the secondary warning ring 3 are respectively 200 MPa and 300 MPa.
- the diameter of the upper pressure relief ring 1-1 of the pressure relief body 1 is 400mm and the height is 200mm, the diameter of the cylindrical hollow groove 1-12 at the bottom is 250mm, and the depth is 150mm; the distance between the hydraulic oil input ports 1-4 The distance between the bottom end of the cylindrical hollow groove 1-12 is 10mm, and the distance between the hydraulic oil outlet 1-5 and the top end of the cylindrical hollow groove 1-12 is 10mm.
- the diameter of the lower pressure relief ring 1-2 of the pressure relief body 1 is 400m, and the total height is 200mm.
- the height of the hollow cylinder 1-11 is 150mm, and the diameter of the hollow cylinder 1-11 is 250mm.
- the distance between grooves 1-10 is 5 mm, the depth is 3 mm, and the width is 3 mm.
- the distance between the upper circumferential grooves 1-10 and the top of the hollow cylinder 1-11 is 5 mm.
- the primary early warning ring 2 includes a primary early warning ring bearing column 2-1 and a primary early warning ring annular groove 2-2
- the secondary early warning ring 3 includes a secondary early warning ring bearing column 3-1 and a secondary early warning ring ring.
- Slot 3-2, the primary warning ring ring groove 2-2 is embedded with blue warning rubber ring 2-3, the secondary warning ring ring groove 3-2 is embedded with red warning rubber ring 3-3; the primary warning ring bearing column
- the diameter and height of 2-1 and the secondary warning ring bearing column 3-1 are 400mm and 20mm, respectively.
- the depth and width of the corresponding primary warning ring annular groove 2-2 and secondary warning ring annular groove 3-2 are respectively 5mm.
- the cylinder body 4-1 of the hydraulic oil cylinder 4 has a liquid storage volume of 4L and a wall thickness of 15-20 mm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具及方法被公开。该锚具主要包括让压主体(1)、初级预警环(2)、次级预警环(3)和液压油缸(4),通过让压主体(1)和液压油缸(4)的联动作用并在特定工况下施以控制,液压油能够在让压主体(1)和液压油缸(4)内相互流动,由于让压主体(1)内部由可以上下移动的上让压环(1-1)和下让压环(1-2)组成,二者中间为液压油变动空间。因此可以实现让压主体(1)在高度上的变化,通过高度上的变化来实现柔性变形让压特性,这种特性可以依据锚杆锚固***受力的不同而进行相应调整,具有往复性。通过初级预警环(2)和次级预警环(3)能够预判整体锚固***的稳定性和承载能力,进而建立响应机制。该锚具具备锚固力分级预警特性、具有柔性变形让压特性、成本低廉。
Description
本发明涉及一种锚具及方法,尤其是一种适用于煤矿、边坡、水利等工程领域中初始地应力在30MPa以上地质环境下的具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具及方法。
已有研究表明针对高地应力地质环境下煤岩体的变形控制单纯才用强力支护并不一定能取得经济上的有效性及技术上的可行性。在锚杆支护领域,采用增大锚杆直径、加长锚杆长度、增强锚杆材质、加大支护密度等方式虽然能够取得一定的效果,但是无形中增加了支护成本,加重了作业负担,拖慢了支护速度。此外,在锚固***的附属配件方面,往往也在力学效应上存在一些缺陷,比如在高应力状态下锚杆的螺纹段优先于杆体段失效,托盘的翘曲和撕裂,螺母内部的螺纹还可因受力过大产生滑脱失效,等等。
值得注意的是,如果锚杆从螺纹段产生断裂,或者锚杆螺母内部螺纹段失效,将导致杆体尾端或者螺母骤然弹射,进而导致工人伤亡和设备受损。此类事故在一些工程现场中频发,在大埋深高应力巷道中尤为突出。例如,在我国的淮南、山东济宁等矿区都曾面临过此类工程难题,也发生过诸多伤亡事故。现有的工程解决方案多是在锚杆端头开孔并穿过铁丝,通过将铁丝两端绑缚在铁丝网上来阻拦潜在锚杆弹射。这类解决方案存在的问题是:铁丝存在锈蚀可能,锈蚀幅度与时间、环境湿度、水分PH值呈正相关关系;另外一个问题是,并不是所有的锚杆都存在断裂倾向性,将所有的锚杆端头开孔,并在支护的时候对所有锚杆端头绑缚铁丝在一定程度上拖慢了支护速度,不利于采掘循环的有效接替,工程作业过程存在较大的盲目性。
从支护方面而言,在高应力软岩大变形巷道的维控上,近年来提出了“柔性支护”的思想。这种支护理念的有效性不仅在国内工程现场得到多次验证,在国外的工程现场也得到了诸多验证。基于该理念,国内外开发了一系列柔性支护构件,如能够适应岩体大变形的柔性锚杆,能够提供高延伸率的D型锚杆,具有恒阻大变形功能并具吸能效应的锚杆,等等。这些技术发明极大地缓解了上述工程难题。
现实情况是,当前煤矿支护中应用的锚杆支护技术普遍难以实现真正的柔性让压支护,有些技术通过在杆体上加装滑动结构来实现高拉伸应力状态下的滑动特性,进而实现让压。也有些技术通过在锚杆尾部托盘附近做改进,例如:改进托盘凸起幅度、加装让压环、加装让压管等。但是所存在的缺陷是:上述技术多为单一性的柔性让压,无法实现反复性让压特 性。此外,这些具备柔性让压特性的锚杆支护技术,多应用于高应力岩体,锚杆承载受力复杂,受力载荷较大。因此,锚杆锚固***存在潜在破坏失效的概率相对较大,诱发次生事故的概率也相对较大。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是要克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种结构简单、操作方便、提高破坏失效概率的具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具及方法,
技术方案:本发明的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性锚具,包括让压主体、设在让压主体上的初级预警环、设在让压主体下部的次级预警环和与让压主体相连的液压油缸;
所述的让压主体包括上让压环和与其相配合的下让压环,所述上让压环底部加工有圆柱形空心槽,上让压环的两侧分别设有液压油输入口及液压油输出口,上让压环的一侧布置有主体液压油压力表,上让压环的中部开有锚杆穿孔;
所述的下让压环包括顶部突出的空心柱体,空心柱体中心为锚杆穿孔,空心柱体顶部下方开有环向槽,环向槽内布置有液压油密封圈;环向槽上侧距离空心柱体顶部距离为5mm。
所述的初级预警环包括初级预警环承载柱和初级预警环环形槽,所述的次级预警环包括次级预警环承载柱和次级预警环环形槽,初级预警环环形槽内嵌有蓝色预警胶环,次级预警环环形槽内嵌有红色预警胶环;
所述的液压油缸包括缸体、液压油输出口、液压油输入口、底座、液压油添加口、油缸液压油压力表和固定挂钩,所述缸体的一侧设置液压油输出口和液压油输入口,液压油输出口经液压油输入管与液压油输入口相连通,液压油输入口经液压油输出管与液压油输出口相连通,油缸液压油压力表设在缸体的上部,底座设在缸体的底部,液压油添加口设在缸体的下部,固定挂钩设在缸体的顶部。
所述的初级预警环环形槽和次级预警环环形槽的变形极限分别为200MPa和300MPa。
所述的上让压环的直径为400mm,高度为200mm;所述的圆柱形空心槽的直径为250mm,深度为150mm;所述的液压油输入口距离圆柱形空心槽底端的距离为10mm;所述液压油输出口距离圆柱形空心槽顶端的距离为10mm。
所述的下让压环的直径为400m,总高度为200mm;所述的空心柱体的高度为150mm,直径为250mm;所述的环向槽的间距为5mm,深度为3mm,宽度为3mm;上侧环向槽距离空心柱体顶部距离为5mm。
所述的初级预警环承载柱和次级预警环承载柱的直径和高度分别为400mm和20mm,其所对应初级预警环环形槽和次级预警环环形槽的深度和宽度均为5mm。
所述的缸体储液容积为4L,壁厚为15~20mm。
实施上述锚具的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的方法,包括如下步骤:
a.按设定深度向岩体中施工钻孔,施工钻孔中塞入双组份树脂锚固剂,之后,利用钻机 带动下***锚杆并旋转混合双组份树脂锚固剂;
b.先在钻孔外铺设网片,然后,依次安装托盘、初级预警环垫片、初级预警环、让压主体、次级预警环、次级预警环垫片和螺母,拧紧螺母,通过液压油输出管和液压油输入管连接让压主体和液压油缸,将液压油缸挂在网片上,持续拧紧螺母,测试扭矩不低于120kN·m;
c.当扭矩达到预定值后,记录主体液压油压力表上显示数值;
d.当岩体持续变形迫使锚杆轴向受力增大时,让压主体内部液压油油压升高,主体液压油压力表上显示数值增大时,让压主体的上让压环和下让压环开始彼此远离,对持续增大的岩体变形表现出柔性让压特性;
e.当岩体的变形有所缓解时,锚杆轴向受力呈降低趋势,随之让压主体内部液压油油压降低,让压主体的上让压环和下让压环表现出靠近趋势,以维持油压,迫使锚杆轴向受力升高;
f.当让压主体的主体液压油压力表显示数值过小时,打开液压油输入口,液压油缸内的高压油将通过液压油输入管补偿让压主体内的主体液压油。
g.当让压主体内的主体液压油压力表显示数值过大时,打开液压油输出口,让压主体1内的液压油将通过液压油输出管进入液压油缸内相互平衡。
所述液压油缸内的液压油压力反馈于油缸液压油压力表上,如果表显数值过大,则通过液压油添加口释放油压,如果表显数值过小,则通过液压油添加口泵入液压油补偿压力。
所述液压油输出管内液压油的流向被单向阀A控制,液压油输入管内液压油的流向被单向阀B控制。
当岩体应力骤然增大时,锚杆受力随之骤然增大,在超出主体液压油油压响应能力范围时,所述的初级预警环和次级预警环中的初级预警环环形槽和次级预警环环形槽将产生潜在变形,环形槽空间变小,致使蓝色预警胶环或红色预警胶环突出,起到***高承载力警示作用。
有益效果:本发明在已有技术的基础上很好的解决了现有技术中存在的问题,具有锚固力分级预警特性、柔性变形让压特性、成本低廉的特点。与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1)具备锚固力分级预警特性。在该锚具中,配备有初级预警环和次级预警环,这两个预警环分别配备有蓝色预警胶环和红色预警胶环。当锚杆受力较小时,也就是正常状态下,这两个预警胶环隐藏在初级预警环和次级预警环的环形槽中,难以可见。当锚杆受力过大,或者超出主体液压油油压响应能力范围时,考虑到初级预警环的环形槽和次级预警环的环形槽的变形极限分别为200MPa和300MPa,这些值分别逼近锚杆杆体的实验室屈服极限和破断极限。此时环形槽存在潜在变形,环形槽内空间变小,致使蓝色预警胶环或红色预警胶环突出,起到***高承载力警示作用,也就是具备锚固力分级预警特性。这一特性能够留给现场工程技术人员足够的响应时间和应对措施,防止因***断裂失效而造成的螺母弹射或者杆体弹射现象发生;
2)具备柔性变形让压特性。当应用与岩体应力大,变形剧烈的环境下时,岩体持续变形迫使锚杆轴向受力增大时,让压主体内部液压油油压升高,主体液压油压力表上显示数值增大,让压主体的上让压环和下让压环开始彼此远离,对持续增大的岩体变形表现出柔性让压特性。而当岩体的变形有所缓解时,锚杆轴向受力呈降低趋势,随之让压主体内部液压油油压降低,让压主体的上让压环和下让压环表现出靠近趋势,以维持油压,迫使锚杆轴向受力升高。这种让压特性的具有往复性,最大让压行程为下让压环的空心柱体顶端面到上让压环的圆柱形空心槽底部距离;
3)可复用性强,成本低廉。本发明中的让压主体具有可复用性的特征,其整体结构简单,无复杂化机械加工生产过程,采用的核心技术相对简单却很成熟,在应用于高应力地质环境下具有很好的适应性。对于所采用的初级预警环和次级预警环而言,当对应的初级预警环环形槽和次级预警环环形槽不发生变形时,具有较好的可复用性;如果发生了变形,则需要更换,但是该部件结构极为简单,批量化生产后成本低廉。基于上述整体分析,不难看出,本发明具有可复用性强,成本低廉的特性。
图1为本发明在工程现场中的实际应用结构示意图;
图2为本发明中的锚具的三维结构示意图;
图3为本发明中锚具和油缸的连接结构示意图;
图4为本发明中锚具的顶视结构示意图;
图5为图4中A-A剖面的结构示意图。
图中:1-让压主体,2-初级预警环,3-次级预警环,4-液压油缸,5-初级预警环垫片,6-次级预警环垫片,7-螺母,8-托盘,9-网片,10-锚杆,11-锚杆穿孔,12-锚固剂,13-钻孔,14-岩体;1-1-上让压环,1-2-下让压环,1-3-主体液压油压力表,1-4-液压油输入口,1-5-液压油输出口,1-6-液压油输出管,1-7-单向阀A,1-8-液压油输入管,1-9-单向阀B;1-10-环向槽,1-11-空心柱体,1-12-圆柱形空心槽;2-1-初级预警环承载柱,2-2-初级预警环环形槽,2-3-蓝色预警胶环;3-1-次级预警环承载柱,3-2-次级预警环环形槽,3-3-红色预警胶环;4-1-缸体,4-2-液压油输出口,4-3-液压油输入口,4-4-底座,4-5-液压油添加口,4-6-油缸液压油压力表,4-7-固定挂钩。
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的说明:
如图1所示,本发明的具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具及方法,主要由让压主体1、初级预警环2、次级预警环3和液压油缸4构成;其中,初级预警环2设 在让压主体1上,次级预警环3设在让压主体1的下部,液压油缸4与让压主体1相连;
所述的让压主体1包括上让压环1-1和下让压环1-2,上让压环1-1底部加工有圆柱形空心槽1-12,在上让压环1-1两侧分别有液压油输入口1-4及液压油输出口1-5,在上让压环1-1一侧布置有主体液压油压力表1-3,上让压环1-1中部开有锚杆穿孔11。
所述的下让压环1-2包括顶部突出的空心柱体1-11,中心为锚杆穿孔11,空心柱体1-11顶部下方开有环向槽1-10,环向槽1-10内布置有液压油密封圈。
所述的初级预警环2包括初级预警环承载柱2-1和初级预警环环形槽2-2,其中次级预警环3包括次级预警环承载柱3-1和次级预警环环形槽3-2,初级预警环环形槽2-2内嵌有蓝色预警胶环2-3,次级预警环环形槽3-2内嵌有红色预警胶环3-3。
所述的液压油缸4包括缸体4-1、液压油输出口4-2、液压油输入口4-3、底座4-4、液压油添加口4-5、油缸液压油压力表4-6和固定挂钩4-7,所述缸体4-1的一侧设置液压油输出口4-2和液压油输入口4-3,液压油输出口4-2经液压油输入管1-8与液压油输入口1-4相连通,液压油输入口4-3经液压油输出管1-6与液压油输出口1-5相连通,油缸液压油压力表4-6设在缸体4-1的上部,底座4-4设在缸体4-1的底部,液压油添加口4-5设在缸体4-1的下部,固定挂钩4-7设在缸体4-1的顶部。
所述的初级预警环2和次级预警环3中的初级预警环环形槽2-2和次级预警环环形槽3-2的变形极限分别为200MPa和300MPa。
所述的让压主体1的上让压环1-1的直径为400mm,高度为200mm,底部的圆柱形空心槽1-12的直径为250mm,深度为150mm;液压油输入口1-4距离圆柱形空心槽1-12底端距离为10mm,液压油输出口1-5距离圆柱形空心槽1-12顶端距离为10mm。
所述的让压主体1的下让压环1-2的直径为400m,总高度为200mm,其中空心柱体1-11的高度为150mm,空心柱体1-11的直径为250mm,环向槽1-10间距5为mm,深度为3mm,宽度为3mm,上侧环向槽1-10距离空心柱体1-11顶部距离为5mm。
所述的初级预警环2包括初级预警环承载柱2-1和初级预警环环形槽2-2,所述的次级预警环3包括次级预警环承载柱3-1和次级预警环环形槽3-2,初级预警环环形槽2-2内嵌有蓝色预警胶环2-3,次级预警环环形槽3-2内嵌有红色预警胶环3-3;初级预警环承载柱2-1和次级预警环承载柱3-1的直径和高度分别为400mm和20mm,其所对应初级预警环环形槽2-2和次级预警环环形槽3-2的深度和宽度分别为5mm。
所述的液压油缸4的缸体4-1储液容积为4L,壁厚为15~20mm。
实施上述锚具的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的方法,具体步骤如下:
a.按设定深度向岩体14中施工钻孔13,施工钻孔13中塞入双组份树脂锚固剂12,之后, 利用钻机带动下***锚杆10并旋转混合双组份树脂锚固剂12;
b.先在钻孔外铺设网片9,然后,依次安装托盘8、初级预警环垫片5、初级预警环2、让压主体1、次级预警环3、次级预警环垫片6和螺母7,拧紧螺母7,通过液压油输出管1-6和液压油输入管1-8连接让压主体1和液压油缸4,将液压油缸4挂在网片9上,持续拧紧螺母7,测试扭矩不低于120kN·m;所述液压油缸4内的液压油压力反馈于油缸液压油压力表4-6上,如果表显数值过大,则通过液压油添加口4-5释放油压,如果表显数值过小,则通过液压油添加口4-5泵入液压油补偿压力。
c.当扭矩达到预定值后,记录主体液压油压力表1-3上显示数值;
d.当岩体14持续变形迫使锚杆10轴向受力增大时,让压主体1内部液压油油压升高,主体液压油压力表1-3上显示数值增大时,让压主体1的上让压环1-1和下让压环1-2开始彼此远离,对持续增大的岩体变形表现出柔性让压特性;
e.当岩体14的变形有所缓解时,锚杆10轴向受力呈降低趋势,随之让压主体1内部液压油油压降低,让压主体1的上让压环1-1和下让压环1-2表现出靠近趋势,以维持油压,迫使锚杆轴向受力升高;
f.由于让压主体1内部的液压油的压力保持主要通过液压油缸4完成,因此,当让压主体1的主体液压油压力表1-3显示数值过小时,打开液压油输入口1-4,液压油缸4内的高压油将通过液压油输入管1-9补偿让压主体1内的主体液压油;当让压主体1内的主体液压油压力表1-3显示数值过大时,打开液压油输出口1-5,让压主体1内的液压油将通过液压油输出管1-6进入液压油缸4内相互平衡。所述液压油输出管1-6内液压油的流向被单向阀A1-7控制,液压油输入管1-8内液压油的流向被单向阀B1-9控制。
当岩体应力骤然增大时,锚杆受力随之骤然增大,在超出主体液压油油压响应能力范围时,所述的初级预警环2和次级预警环3中的初级预警环环形槽2-2和次级预警环环形槽3-2将产生潜在变形,环形槽空间变小,致使蓝色预警胶环2-3或红色预警胶环3-3突出,起到***高承载力警示作用。
Claims (10)
- 一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性锚具,其特征在于:它包括让压主体(1)、设在让压主体(1)上的初级预警环(2)、设在让压主体(1)下部的次级预警环(3)和与让压主体(1)相连的液压油缸(4);所述的让压主体(1)包括上让压环(1-1)和与其相配合的下让压环(1-2),所述上让压环(1-1)底部加工有圆柱形空心槽(1-12),上让压环(1-1)的两侧分别设有液压油输入口(1-4)及液压油输出口(1-5),上让压环(1-1)的一侧布置有主体液压油压力表(1-3),上让压环(1-1)的中部开有锚杆穿孔(11);所述的下让压环(1-2)包括顶部突出的空心柱体(1-11),空心柱体中心为锚杆穿孔(11),空心柱体(1-11)顶部下方开有环向槽(1-10),环向槽(1-10)内布置有液压油密封圈;环向槽(1-10)上侧距离空心柱体(1-11)顶部距离为5mm。所述的初级预警环(2)包括初级预警环承载柱(2-1)和初级预警环环形槽(2-2),所述的次级预警环(3)包括次级预警环承载柱(3-1)和次级预警环环形槽(3-2),初级预警环环形槽(2-2)内嵌有蓝色预警胶环(2-3),次级预警环环形槽(3-2)内嵌有红色预警胶环(3-3);所述的液压油缸(4)包括缸体(4-1)、液压油输出口(4-2)、液压油输入口(4-3)、底座(4-4)、液压油添加口(4-5)、油缸液压油压力表(4-6)和固定挂钩(4-7),所述缸体(4-1)的一侧设置液压油输出口(4-2)和液压油输入口(4-3),液压油输出口(4-2)经液压油输入管(1-8)与液压油输入口(1-4)相连通,液压油输入口(4-3)经液压油输出管(1-6)与液压油输出口(1-5)相连通,油缸液压油压力表(4-6)设在缸体(4-1)的上部,底座(4-4)设在缸体(4-1)的底部,液压油添加口(4-5)设在缸体(4-1)的下部,固定挂钩(4-7)设在缸体(4-1)的顶部。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性方法,其特征在于:所述的初级预警环环形槽(2-2)和次级预警环环形槽(3-2)的变形极限分别为200MPa和300MPa。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性锚具,其特征在于:所述的上让压环(1-1)的直径为400mm,高度为200mm;所述的圆柱形空心槽(1-12)的直径为250mm,深度为150mm;所述的液压油输入口(1-4)距离圆柱形空心槽(1-12)底端的距离为10mm;所述液压油输出口(1-5)距离圆柱形空心槽(1-12)顶端的距离为10mm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性锚具,其特征在于:所述的下让压环(1-2)的直径为400m,总高度为200mm;所述的空心柱体(1-11)的高度为150mm,直径为250mm;所述的环向槽(1-10)的间距5为mm,深度为3mm,宽度为3mm,上侧环向槽(1-10)距离空心柱体(1-11)顶部距离为5mm。。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性锚具,其特征在于:所述的初级预警环承载柱(2-1)和次级预警环承载柱(3-1)的直径和高度分别 为400mm和20mm,其所对应初级预警环环形槽(2-2)和次级预警环环形槽(3-2)的深度和宽度均为5mm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的锚具,其特征在于:所述的缸体(4-1)储液容积为4L,壁厚为15~20mm。
- 实施权利要求1所述锚具的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:a.按设定深度向岩体(14)中施工钻孔(13),施工钻孔(13)中塞入双组份树脂锚固剂(12),之后,利用钻机带动下***锚杆(10)并旋转混合双组份树脂锚固剂(12);b.先在钻孔外铺设网片(9),然后,依次安装托盘(8)、初级预警环垫片(5)、初级预警环(2)、让压主体(1)、次级预警环(3)、次级预警环垫片(6)和螺母(7),拧紧螺母(7),通过液压油输出管(1-6)和液压油输入管(1-8)连接让压主体(1)和液压油缸(4),将液压油缸(4)挂在网片(9)上,持续拧紧螺母(7),测试扭矩不低于120kN·m;c.当扭矩达到预定值后,记录主体液压油压力表(1-3)上显示数值;d.当岩体(14)持续变形迫使锚杆(10)轴向受力增大时,让压主体(1)内部液压油油压升高,主体液压油压力表(1-3)上显示数值增大时,让压主体(1)的上让压环(1-1)和下让压环(1-2)开始彼此远离,对持续增大的岩体变形表现出柔性让压特性;e.当岩体(14)的变形有所缓解时,锚杆(10)轴向受力呈降低趋势,随之让压主体(1)内部液压油油压降低,让压主体(1)的上让压环(1-1)和下让压环(1-2)表现出靠近趋势,以维持油压,迫使锚杆轴向受力升高;f.当让压主体(1)的主体液压油压力表(1-3)显示数值过小时,打开液压油输入口(1-4),液压油缸(4)内的高压油将通过液压油输入管(1-9)补偿让压主体(1)内的主体液压油;g.当让压主体(1)内的主体液压油压力表(1-3)显示数值过大时,打开液压油输出口(1-5),让压主体(1)内的液压油将通过液压油输出管(1-6)进入液压油缸(4)内相互平衡。
- 根据权利要求7所述锚具的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的方法,其特征在于:所述液压油缸(4)内的液压油压力反馈于油缸液压油压力表(4-6)上,如果表显数值过大,则通过液压油添加口(4-5)释放油压,如果表显数值过小,则通过液压油添加口(4-5)泵入液压油补偿压力。
- 根据权利要求7所述锚具的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的方法,其特征在于:所述液压油输出管(1-6)内液压油的流向被单向阀A(1-7)控制,液压油输入管(1-8)内液压油的流向被单向阀B(1-9)控制。
- 根据权利要求7所述锚具的一种具备锚固力分级预警且具往复柔性变形让压特性的方法,其特征在于:当岩体应力骤然增大时,锚杆受力随之骤然增大,在超出主体液压油油压响应能力范围时,所述的初级预警环(2)和次级预警环(3)中的初级预警环环形槽(2-2)和次级预警环环形槽(3-2)将产生潜在变形,环形槽空间变小,致使蓝色预警胶环(2-3)或红色预警胶环(3-3)突出,起到***高承载力警示作用。
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CN111425231B (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-03-26 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种长短锚索协调吸能让压装置及施工方法 |
CN111980737B (zh) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-07-05 | 太原理工大学 | 一种岩壁内锚杆受力断裂预警指示装置 |
CN111997672B (zh) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-08-30 | 宁波朗达工程科技有限公司 | 一种协同预应力阵列锚杆装置及其施工方法 |
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