WO2020188824A1 - 旋動式破砕機、並びに、その過負荷検出装置及び方法 - Google Patents
旋動式破砕機、並びに、その過負荷検出装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020188824A1 WO2020188824A1 PCT/JP2019/011920 JP2019011920W WO2020188824A1 WO 2020188824 A1 WO2020188824 A1 WO 2020188824A1 JP 2019011920 W JP2019011920 W JP 2019011920W WO 2020188824 A1 WO2020188824 A1 WO 2020188824A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mantle
- pressure
- hydraulic
- oil pressure
- cone cave
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
- B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
- B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for detecting that a crusher is operating in an overloaded state in a rotary crusher used for crushing rocks and ores.
- a rotating crusher has been known in which a truncated cone-shaped mantle arranged inside a conical tubular cone cave is eccentrically swiveled to bite the rough stone between the cone cave and the mantle and crush it. ..
- the gap between the two crushed surfaces of the cone cave and the mantle changes periodically, and the size of the opening (set) at the narrowest position of the gap determines the particle size of the crushed material.
- Rotating crushers are classified into hydraulic type and mechanical type according to the method of changing the set.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a mechanical rotary crusher.
- This rotary crusher includes a lower frame that supports a spindle to which the mantle is fixed, an upper frame that supports a cone cave, and an elevating device that raises and lowers the cone head with respect to the mantle.
- the set is changed by raising and lowering the cone head with respect to the mantle with an elevating device.
- the mechanical rotary crusher further includes a plurality of frame cylinders (hydraulic cylinders) distributed around the cone head in the circumferential direction. The set is held at a predetermined value by applying an oil pressure to the cone cave against the crushing force by the frame cylinder.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a hydraulic rotary crusher.
- This rotary crusher includes a lower frame that supports a spindle to which a mantle is fixed, an upper frame that supports a cone cave, a drive motor that swivels and drives the mantle, and a spindle thrust bearing that supports the spindle.
- the spindle thrust bearing includes a ram that moves up and down by a hydraulic cylinder, and the set changes as the mantle moves up and down with respect to the cone cave due to the displacement of the ram.
- the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder applies an hydraulic pressure to the mantle that opposes the crushing force, so that the set is held at a predetermined value.
- tapping represents an abnormal overload condition in the operation of the crusher, or can be a precursor to an abnormal overload condition.
- One of the causes of tapping is the packing that occurs in the crushing chamber between the mantle and the cone cave. Packing refers to a state in which rough stones are tightly packed in the crushing chamber or are compressed and overcrowded. There are various causes of packing, such as a narrow set, a large amount of fine particles attached to the rough stone, and the rough stone containing a large amount of water. If the operation of the crusher in an abnormally overloaded state is continued, the crushing capacity is significantly reduced, and further, the elements of the crusher may be damaged.
- the crusher is operated in an overloaded state by detecting the line pressure of the lubricating oil of the spherical thrust bearing supporting the cone head and comparing the detected pressure with the set value. Is detected.
- Patent Document 1 the line pressure of the lubricating oil of the spherical thrust bearing is detected.
- the cone head receives a crushing force and is pressed against the spherical thrust bearing to narrow the flow path of the lubricating oil, so that the line pressure of the lubricating oil is narrowed. Changes.
- the crushing force constantly fluctuates, so that the line pressure of the lubricating oil constantly fluctuates.
- the hydraulic value of the hydraulic cylinder of the main bearing fluctuates constantly.
- the hydraulic pressure (frame pressure) of the frame cylinder is filled with a predetermined pressure for clamping the upper frame and the lower frame.
- the frame pressure gradually decreases due to internal leaks and the like. Therefore, when the frame pressure drops by a predetermined value or more, repressurization is performed and the frame pressure is maintained within a certain range. In this way, the frame pressure constantly fluctuates greatly, and when the constantly fluctuating measured value is used to detect an overload state, it is not easy to extract anomalous elements from the measured value without error. Absent.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to operate a rotary crusher in an overloaded state while utilizing constantly fluctuating measured values. It is to detect that with high accuracy.
- the overload detection device of the rotary crusher is a cone cave that forms a crushing chamber in which a rough stone is bitten and crushed between a mantle fixed to a spindle that rotates eccentrically and the mantle.
- a rotary crusher comprising the mantle and a hydraulic cylinder that applies an oil pressure to the cone cave to counteract the crushing force so as to hold a predetermined set of the mantle and the cone cave is operated in an overloaded state. It is a device that detects the presence of A hydraulic sensor that detects the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder and A storage device that acquires information on the oil pressure from the oil pressure sensor and stores it in association with the sampling time.
- the time during which the oil pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure threshold is integrated, and the ratio of the integrated time to the detection period exceeds the predetermined ratio threshold. Further, it is provided with an arithmetic unit for detecting that the crusher is operated in an overloaded state.
- the rotary crusher is With the mantle
- a cone cave that forms a crushing chamber that bites and crushes rough stones between the mantle and the mantle.
- the upper frame that supports the cone cave and A hydraulic cylinder that applies an oil pressure against the crushing force to the mantle or cone cave to hold a predetermined set of mantle and cone cave. It is provided with the overload detection device.
- the overload detection method of the rotary crusher forms a crushing chamber in which rough stone is bitten and crushed between a mantle fixed to a main shaft that eccentrically swivels and the mantle.
- a rotary crusher is operated in an overloaded state, comprising a cone cave to be operated and a hydraulic cylinder that applies an oil pressure to the mantle or the cone cave to counteract a crushing force so as to hold a predetermined set of the mantle and the cone cave.
- the load state of the crusher is set at the rate of time when the detection period is set and the oil pressure in the detection period becomes higher than the pressure threshold value.
- the detection period By setting the detection period in this way, the influence of short-term fluctuations in oil pressure is suppressed. As a result, false detection of an overload state can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect with high accuracy that the crusher is operating in an overloaded state while using the measured value of the oil pressure that fluctuates constantly.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotary crusher including an overload detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a hydraulic system of an overload detection device and a frame cylinder according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a time-series change in frame pressure during normal operation.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the overload detection process by the overload detection device.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a time-series change in frame pressure during overload operation.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a detection period.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotary crusher including an overload detection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the hydraulic system of the overload detection device and the bearing cylinder according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotary crusher 10 including an overload detection device 9 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the rotary crusher 10 according to the present embodiment is a mechanical rotary crusher 10.
- the rotary crusher 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a cone cave support assembly 1, a frame assembly 2, a spindle assembly 3, an eccentric sleeve assembly 6, and an electric motor 18.
- the input hopper 11 and the cone cave 12 are integrally joined via the cone cave support 14.
- a gear plate 13 is fixed to the cone cave support 14. Further, an external screw is formed on the outer periphery of the cone cave support 14.
- the frame assembly 2 includes an upper frame 21 and a lower frame 22.
- the upper frame 21 supports the cone cave support assembly 1 so as to be vertically movable.
- the lower frame 22 forms a duct for guiding the crushed stone to be produced to the outside, and houses the eccentric sleeve assembly 6.
- the upper frame 21 and the lower frame 22 are fixed by being sandwiched in the vertical direction by the frame cylinder 4. More specifically, the frame cylinder 4 is a hydraulic cylinder including a cylinder and a cylinder rod, the cylinder of the frame cylinder 4 is attached to the lower frame 22, and the cylinder rod of the frame cylinder 4 is locked to the upper frame 21. ..
- the oil pressure that holds the position of the cylinder rod suppresses the lifting of the upper frame 21.
- the upper frame 21 is formed with an internal screw that is screwed with the external screw of the cone cave support 14. Further, a set adjustment stand 23 is fixed to the upper frame 21.
- the set adjustment stand 23 is provided with a gear 24 that meshes with the gear of the gear plate 13 and a motor 27 that rotationally drives the gear 24.
- the eccentric sleeve assembly 6 includes a horizontal axis 62 and an eccentric sleeve 65.
- the horizontal shaft 62 is supported by the lower frame 22 via bearings.
- a V pulley 61 is fixed to one end of the horizontal shaft 62, and a bevel pinion 63 is fixed to the other end.
- the eccentric sleeve 65 rotatably fits into a vertical vertical hole provided in the lower frame 22 and rotates about a vertical axis of rotation.
- the eccentric sleeve 65 is provided with a vertical hole at the eccentric position where the central axis intersects at one point (vertex 66) on the rotation axis, and the main shaft 31 is inserted into this vertical hole.
- a bevel gear 64 meshed with the bevel pinion 63 is fixed to the eccentric sleeve 65.
- the rotational power from the electric motor 18 is transmitted to the horizontal shaft 62 via the V-belt and the V pulley 61, and further transmitted to the eccentric sleeve 65 via the bevel pinion 63 and the bevel gear 64.
- the spindle 31 makes a precession motion (so-called precession motion) so that the axis passes through the upper apex 66.
- a rotation Such a movement of the main shaft 31 is called a rotation here.
- the spindle assembly 3 includes a spindle 31, a mantle 33, and a mantle 34.
- the mantle 33 is fixed to the spindle 31.
- a peripheral groove into which the dust ring 25 fixed to the lower frame 22 is inserted is formed.
- a mantle 34 is fixed to the outer circumference of the mantle 33.
- the mantle 34 has a funnel shape with a hole at the top of the center, and is made of a material having high wear resistance such as high manganese cast steel.
- a crushing chamber 47 having a cross-sectional shape whose diameter increases as it goes down is formed between the cone cave 12 and the mantle 34.
- the thickness of the space of the crushing chamber 47 becomes thinner from the charging hopper 11 toward the bottom, and becomes narrower at the peripheral opening at the lowermost end.
- the distance (set) between the mantle 34 and the cone cave 12 in the crushing chamber 47 is adjusted according to the properties of the rough stone 67 to be crushed and the particle size of the product crushed stone 68.
- the cone cave support 14 is rotated by driving the gear 24 of the set adjustment stand 23, the screwing depth of the cone cave support 14 with respect to the upper frame 21 changes.
- the size of the set is measured by an ultrasonic set sensor 26 provided on the upper frame 21.
- the distance between the cone cave 12 and the mantle 34 in the crushing chamber 47 is repeatedly widened due to the eccentric turning motion of the spindle 31.
- the rough stone 67 pressed from the charging hopper 11 into the crushing chamber 47 is crushed between the cone cave 12 and the mantle 34.
- the rough stone 67 in the crushing chamber 47 repeats crushing and falling, and gradually becomes finer as it falls.
- the rough stone 67, which has become finer to a predetermined size, is discharged from the lower frame 22 as a product crushed stone 68 having a predetermined particle size through the lower end opening of the crushing chamber 47.
- the crushing load means a load applied to the electric motor 18 due to crushing.
- the rotary crusher 10 includes an overload detection device 9 that monitors the oil pressure of the frame cylinder 4 and detects an excessive crushing load based on the change.
- a hydraulic circuit 70 is connected to the frame cylinder 4.
- the hydraulic circuit 70 supplies hydraulic oil to the first oil passage 72 that supplies hydraulic oil to the first hydraulic chamber 4a on the piston retracting side of the frame cylinder 4 and to the second hydraulic chamber 4b on the piston advance side of the frame cylinder 4.
- Oil from the second oil passage 73, the oil supply passage 75 that selectively refuels one of the first oil passage 72 and the second oil passage 73 from the oil tank 71, and the first oil passage 72 and the second oil passage 73.
- the oil supply passage 75 is provided with a gear pump 76 for pumping hydraulic oil.
- the gear pump 76 is rotationally driven by the pump motor 77.
- the oil supply passage 75 is a switching valve that switches between a state of being connected to the first oil passage 72, a state of being connected to the second oil passage 73, and a state of being not connected to the first oil passage 72 and the second oil passage 73. 78 is provided. An accumulator 42 is connected to the first oil passage 72 that is communicated with the first hydraulic chamber 4a.
- the configuration of the hydraulic circuit 70 is not limited to the above.
- the hydraulic circuit 70 having the above configuration is controlled by the cylinder control device 44.
- the cylinder control device 44 is electrically connected to the pump motor 77 and the switching valve 78, and outputs a control signal to these devices. Further, the cylinder control device 44 is electrically connected to the set sensor 26 and the hydraulic pressure sensor 41, and acquires the hydraulic pressure information detected by the hydraulic pressure sensor 41.
- frame pressure When hydraulic oil flows into the first hydraulic chamber 4a, the hydraulic pressure of the frame cylinder 4 (hereinafter referred to as "frame pressure") rises.
- the rotary crusher 10 becomes overloaded due to the mixing of uncrushable foreign matter into the crushing chamber 47, the temporary increase in the amount of rough stone 67 charged, or the packing, the cone cave 12 is pushed up.
- the frame pressure rises, and the hydraulic oil flows into the accumulator 42 so as to absorb it.
- the hydraulic oil in the accumulator 42 flows to the frame cylinder 4, returns to the original crushing gap, and can return to normal operation.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing time-series changes in frame pressure during normal operation, with the vertical axis representing frame pressure and the horizontal axis representing time. As shown in this graph, the frame pressure gradually decreases with the passage of time due to an internal leak of hydraulic oil or the like. Although it looks linear in the graph, if it is enlarged, the frame pressure fluctuates finely up and down even during steady operation.
- repressurization that is, forced pressurization
- Repressurization is a process of intentionally forcibly increasing the frame pressure.
- a predetermined amount of hydraulic oil is sent to the frame cylinder 4, the hydraulic oil is sent to the frame cylinder 4 for a predetermined time, and the hydraulic oil is sent to the frame cylinder 4 until the frame pressure recovers a predetermined amount. It may be any one of them.
- the cylinder control device 44 repressurizes at a predetermined timing.
- the timing of repressurization is, for example, one of when a predetermined time has passed since the previous repressurization, when the frame pressure falls below a predetermined threshold value, or when a pre-scheduled time arrives. It may be.
- the cylinder control device 44 controls the hydraulic circuit 70 so as to send hydraulic oil to the frame cylinder 4 during repressurization. Due to such repressurization, the frame pressure rises sharply.
- the frame pressure has a gradual drop and a rapid rise due to repressurization as one cycle, and this cycle is repeated.
- the frame pressure is constantly changing and does not stay constant.
- the overload detection device 9 detects the overload by extracting the pressure fluctuation due to the overload from the measured value of the frame pressure fluctuating in this way by a predetermined logic.
- the overload detection device 9 may be embodied as a kind of computer such as a PLC (programmable controller).
- the overload detection device 9 includes an arithmetic unit 9a and a volatile and non-volatile storage device 9b.
- the arithmetic unit 9a is composed of a CPU, an MPU, a GPU, and the like, and performs an overload detection process by reading and executing various programs stored in the storage device 9b.
- the overload detection device 9 is electrically connected to the cylinder control device 44.
- the overload detection device 9 acquires the timing of repressurization from the cylinder control device 44.
- the overload detection device 9 is electrically connected to the hydraulic pressure sensor 41, and acquires hydraulic pressure information (frame pressure) detected from the hydraulic pressure sensor 41.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the overload detection process by the overload detection device 9.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the time series change of the frame pressure at the time of overload. Note that FIG. 5 has a scale different from that of the graph of FIG. 3, and is sufficiently enlarged so that fluctuations in frame pressure can be read.
- the overload detection device 9 acquires the oil pressure (that is, the frame pressure P) which is the detection value of the hydraulic sensor 41 during the operation of the rotary crusher 10, and stores the frame pressure P in association with the sampling time. It is sequentially stored in 9b. Then, the overload detection device 9 stores the timing of repressurization in the storage device 9b by the frame cylinder 4 based on the signal sent from the cylinder control device 44.
- the oil pressure that is, the frame pressure P
- the overload detection device 9 stores the timing of repressurization in the storage device 9b by the frame cylinder 4 based on the signal sent from the cylinder control device 44.
- the detection period T1 includes a continuous sampling interval S of M.
- the number of sections M is an arbitrary natural number (plurality), and is stored in advance in the overload detection device 9.
- the time of one sampling section S is, that is, the detection cycle of the oil pressure sensor 41.
- Overload detection device 9 in the current sampling interval S n, obtains the frame pressure Pn is a detected value of hydraulic pressure sensor 41 is compared with pressure threshold alpha (step S4).
- the pressure threshold value ⁇ can be obtained from the time series data of the accumulated frame pressure P.
- the pressure threshold value ⁇ may be a value obtained by multiplying the moving average Pm of the frame pressure P by the coefficient C.
- the coefficient C is a real number of 1 or more.
- the coefficient C is predetermined and stored in the overload detection device 9.
- Moving average Pm is the N sampling interval S n-N + 1 ⁇ S n-1 frame the pressure P n-N + 1 ⁇ P n-1 of the arithmetic mean continuous.
- the number of sections N is an arbitrary natural number and is stored in advance in the overload detection device 9. Although N shown in FIG. 6 is smaller than M, N may be larger than M.
- the N sampling interval S n-N + 1 ⁇ S n-1 include sampling interval S n-1 immediately preceding the present sampling interval S n.
- the overload detection device 9 integrates the time in that section (the time during which the frame pressure P becomes larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ ). Count with (step S5). If the frame pressure P is equal to or less than the pressure threshold value ⁇ (NO in step S4), the overload detection device 9 does not count the time in that section with the integration timer.
- the overload detection device 9 repeats the above steps S4 to S5 until the detection time t1 counted by the detection period timer becomes the predetermined detection period T1 or more (step S6). As a result, in the detection period T1, the integrated value T2 of the time when the frame pressure P is larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ is obtained.
- the overload detection device 9 obtains the ratio R of the integrated value T2 for the time when the frame pressure P with respect to the detection period T1 is larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ (step S7), and compares it with the predetermined ratio threshold value ⁇ (step S8). ).
- the ratio threshold value ⁇ is determined in advance by simulation, experiment, or the like, and is stored in the overload detection device 9.
- the overload detection device 9 determines that the overload has been detected (step S9), and detects the predetermined overload. Post-processing is performed (step S10), and the overload detection process is completed.
- the overload detection post-processing includes output of a stop command to a rough feeder (not shown), overload detection display output to a monitor (not shown), overload detection display output to an alarm (not shown), and overload detection to the cylinder control device 44. At least one of the outputs of the signal may be included.
- the overload detection device 9 terminates the overload detection process, assuming that it is not an overload.
- the overload detection device 9 may repeat the above series of overload detection processes during the operation of the rotary crusher 10.
- the rotary crusher 10 of the present embodiment includes a mantle 34, a main shaft 31 to which the mantle 34 is fixed and eccentric swivel movement, a lower frame 22 supporting the main shaft 31, and a mantle 34.
- a crushing force is applied to the cone cave 12 so as to hold a predetermined set of the cone cave 12, the upper frame 21 supporting the cone cave 12, and the mantle 34 and the cone cave 12 for forming a crushing chamber 47 in which the rough stone 67 is bitten and crushed.
- It is provided with a frame cylinder 4 (corresponding to a “hydraulic cylinder” in the claims) and an overload detection device 9 that apply an oil pressure to counteract the above.
- the overload detection device 9 includes a hydraulic sensor 41 that detects the hydraulic pressure of the frame cylinder 4, a storage device 9b, and an arithmetic unit 9a.
- the storage device 9b acquires information on the hydraulic pressure from the oil pressure sensor 41 and stores it in association with the sampling time.
- the computing device 9a sets a plurality of continuous sampling sections as the detection period T1, obtains the pressure threshold ⁇ using the moving average of the hydraulic pressure (frame pressure in this embodiment), and the hydraulic pressure is the pressure threshold within the detection period T1.
- the time exceeding ⁇ is accumulated and the ratio (T2 / T1) of the accumulated time T2 to the detection period T1 exceeds a predetermined ratio threshold ⁇ , the rotary crusher 10 is operated in an overloaded state. Detects that.
- the overload detection method of the rotary crusher 10 detects the frame pressure, which is the hydraulic pressure of the frame cylinder 4 (corresponding to the “hydraulic cylinder” in the claimed range), and determines the frame pressure. It is stored in association with the sampling time, and a plurality of consecutive sampling times are set as the detection period T1, and the time during which the frame pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure threshold ⁇ is integrated within the detection period T1, and the integrated time T2 is accumulated. Includes detecting that the rotary crusher 10 is operating in an overloaded state when the ratio (T2 / T1) to the detection period T1 exceeds a predetermined ratio threshold ⁇ .
- the detection period T1 is set, and the frame pressure in the detection period T1 becomes higher than the pressure threshold value ⁇ at the rate of the time T2. , Estimate the load state of the rotary crusher 10.
- the detection period T1 is set in this way, the influence of short-term fluctuations in the frame pressure is suppressed. As a result, false detection of an overload state can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to detect with high accuracy that the crusher 10 is operating in an overloaded state while using the measured value of the frame pressure that fluctuates constantly.
- the pressure threshold ⁇ for the hydraulic force of the current sampling interval S n is a sampling interval S n immediately before the current sampling interval S n It is a value obtained by multiplying the moving average Pm including the detected value of -1 by a coefficient C of 1 or more.
- the pressure threshold value ⁇ can be appropriately set with respect to the oil pressure of the frame cylinder 4 which constantly fluctuates.
- the detection period T1 does not include the period of repressurization by the frame cylinder 4.
- the value of the pressure threshold value ⁇ is appropriately set. Further, the overload state of the rotary crusher 10 can be detected with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotary crusher 110 including an overload detection device 109 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the rotary crusher 110 according to the present embodiment is a hydraulic rotary crusher 110.
- the same members as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the rotary crusher 110 includes a hopper 11 for storing the crushed material, a mantle 34 and a cone cave 12 for biting and crushing the crushed material dropped from the hopper 11, and a swivel of the mantle 34. It includes an electric motor 18 as a driving means, a power transmission mechanism 19 for transmitting rotational power from the electric motor 18 to the mantle 34, and a bearing cylinder 8 (hydraulic cylinder) for raising and lowering the mantle 34 with respect to the cone cave 12.
- an electric motor 18 as a driving means
- a power transmission mechanism 19 for transmitting rotational power from the electric motor 18 to the mantle 34
- a bearing cylinder 8 hydroaulic cylinder
- the rotary crusher 110 further includes a frame assembly 2 including an upper frame 21 and a lower frame 22.
- the upper frame 21 and the lower frame 22 are fixed in a vertically abutted state.
- a conical tubular cone cave 12 is provided on the inner circumference of the upper frame 21.
- a truncated cone-shaped mantle 34 is arranged inside the cone cave 12.
- a crushing chamber 47 having a cross-sectional shape whose diameter increases toward the bottom is formed between the crushing surface of the cone cave 12 and the crushing surface of the mantle 34 facing each other with a gap. The thickness of the space of the crushing chamber 47 becomes thinner from the charging hopper 11 toward the bottom, and becomes narrower at the peripheral opening at the lowermost end.
- the distance (set) between the mantle 34 and the cone cave 12 in the crushing chamber 47 is adjusted according to the properties of the rough stone 67 to be crushed and the particle size of the product crushed stone 68.
- the set adjusting device 80 raises and lowers the mantle 34 with respect to the cone cave 12.
- the mantle 34 is attached to the mantle 33 fixed to the upper part of the main shaft 31.
- a mantle 34 is fixed to the outer circumference of the mantle 33.
- a peripheral groove into which the dust ring 25 fixed to the lower frame 22 is inserted is formed.
- the spindle 31 is arranged in the frame assembly 2 with its axis tilted from the vertical direction.
- the upper end of the spindle 31 is rotatably supported by an upper bearing 35 provided at the upper end of the upper frame 21.
- the lower part of the main shaft 31 is fitted into the inner bush 51.
- the inner bush 51 is fixed to the eccentric sleeve 65.
- the eccentric sleeve 65 is fitted into the outer bush 53 provided on the lower frame 22.
- the lower end of the spindle 31 is supported by a slide bearing 82 provided on the ram 81 of the bearing cylinder 8.
- the electric motor 18 is arranged outside the frame assembly 2.
- the power transmission mechanism 19 transmits power from the electric motor 18 to the main shaft 31 to which the mantle 34 is fixed.
- the rotational power from the electric motor 18 is transmitted to the horizontal shaft 62 via the V-belt and the V pulley 61, and further transmitted to the eccentric sleeve 65 via the bevel pinion 63 and the bevel gear 64.
- the eccentric sleeve 65 rotates in response to the output of the electric motor 18, the spindle 31 inserted in the eccentric sleeve 65 rotates eccentrically.
- the mantle 34 performs an eccentric turning motion, a so-called precession motion, with respect to the cone cave 12 whose position is fixed.
- the set (opening) of the crushed surface of the mantle 34 and the crushed surface of the cone cave 12 changes according to the turning position of the spindle 31.
- the rotary crusher 110 includes a bearing cylinder 8 as a set adjusting device 80.
- the bearing cylinder 8 is a hydraulic cylinder including a cylinder tube 83 and a ram 81 sliding in the cylinder tube 83.
- the ram 81 supports the spindle thrust bearing 82, and the spindle thrust bearing 82 moves up and down as the ram 81 moves up and down.
- the spindle thrust bearing 82 moves up and down
- the mantle 34 moves up and down with respect to the cone cave 12 to change the set (closed set) at the narrowest position of the gap between the two crushed surfaces of the cone cave 12 and the mantle 34.
- a set sensor 126 see FIG.
- the position of the mantle 34 in the height direction with respect to the cone cave 12 can be obtained from the position of the ram 81 detected by the set sensor 126, and the set can be obtained from the relative positional relationship between the cone cave 12 and the mantle 34.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the hydraulic system of the overload detection device 109 and the bearing cylinder 8 according to the second embodiment.
- a hydraulic chamber 85 whose capacity changes depending on the displacement of the ram 81 is formed in the cylinder tube 83 of the bearing cylinder 8, and the hydraulic circuit 90 is connected to the hydraulic chamber 85.
- the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 71 is supplied to the hydraulic chamber 85 through the hydraulic circuit 90, so that the ram 81 rises. Further, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber 85 is discharged to the oil tank 71 through the hydraulic circuit 90, so that the ram 81 descends.
- the hydraulic circuit 90 includes a communication pipe 91 communicated with the lower part of the hydraulic chamber 85, an accumulator 92 (or a balance cylinder) provided in the communication pipe 91, a refueling pipe 93 connected to the communication pipe 91, and a refueling pipe 93. Includes an oil drain pipe 94 connected to.
- the communication pipe 91 is provided with a hydraulic sensor 86 that detects the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber 85.
- the oil supply pipe 93 is provided with a gear pump 76 that pumps the hydraulic oil of the oil tank 71 to the hydraulic chamber 85.
- the gear pump 76 is driven by a pump motor 77.
- the oil supply pipe 93 is provided with a normally closed on-off valve 98.
- the oil drain pipe 94 is provided with a normally closed on-off valve 99.
- the configuration of the hydraulic circuit 90 is not limited to this embodiment.
- the hydraulic circuit 90 having the above configuration is controlled by the cylinder control device 144.
- the cylinder control device 144 is electrically connected to the pump motor 77, the on-off valve 98, and the on-off valve 99, and outputs a control signal to these devices. Further, the cylinder control device 144 is electrically connected to the set sensor 126, and acquires the information detected by the set sensor 126.
- the cylinder control device 144 operates the pump motor 77, the on-off valve 98, and the on-off valve 99 so that the set detected by the set sensor 126 has a predetermined value.
- the hydraulic pressure of the bearing cylinder 8 fluctuates due to the turning motion of the spindle 31 (mantle 34). Further, when the rotary crusher 110 becomes overloaded due to the mixing of uncrushable foreign matter into the crushing chamber 47, the temporary increase in the amount of the rough stone 67 charged, or the packing, the mantle 34 is pushed down. As a result, the hydraulic pressure of the bearing cylinder 8 rises, and the hydraulic oil flows into the accumulator 92 so as to absorb it. When the overload state is eliminated, the hydraulic oil in the accumulator 92 flows to the bearing cylinder 8, returns to the original crushing gap, and can return to normal operation. In this way, the hydraulic pressure of the bearing cylinder 8 is constantly changing and is not fixed at a constant value.
- the overload detection device 109 detects the overload by extracting the pressure fluctuation due to the overload from the measured value of the oil pressure of the bearing cylinder 8 that fluctuates in this way by a predetermined logic.
- the overload detection device 109 may be embodied as a kind of computer such as a PLC (programmable controller).
- the overload detection device 109 includes an arithmetic unit 109a and a volatile and non-volatile storage device 109b.
- the arithmetic unit 109a is composed of a CPU, an MPU, a GPU, and the like, and performs an overload detection process by reading and executing various programs stored in the storage device 109b.
- the overload detection device 109 is electrically connected to the oil pressure sensor 86, and acquires the oil pressure information detected from the oil pressure sensor 86.
- the processing flow of the overload detection device 109 according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as the processing of the overload detection device 9 according to the first embodiment except for step S1, and in FIG. 4, “frame pressure” is shown. It can be explained by reading "oil pressure” as “oil pressure”.
- the overload detection device 109 acquires the oil pressure (that is, the oil pressure of the bearing cylinder 8) which is the detection value of the hydraulic sensor 86 during the operation of the rotary crusher 110, and obtains oil.
- the pressure is sequentially stored in the storage device 109b in association with the sampling time.
- the overload detection device 109 detects the overload state based on the time-series data of the oil pressure accumulated as described above and the acquired oil pressure.
- Overload detection device 109 in the current sampling interval S n, obtains the oil pressure Pn is a detected value of hydraulic pressure sensor 86 (instantaneous value) is compared with pressure threshold alpha (step S4). If the oil pressure P is larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ (YES in step S4), the overload detection device 109 integrates the time in that section (the time during which the oil pressure P becomes larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ ). Count with (step S5). If the oil pressure P is equal to or less than the pressure threshold value ⁇ (NO in step S4), the overload detection device 109 does not count the time in that section with the integration timer.
- the overload detection device 109 repeats the above steps S4 to S5 until the detection time t1 counted by the detection period timer becomes the predetermined detection period T1 or more (step S6). As a result, in the detection period T1, the integrated value T2 of the time when the oil pressure P is larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ is obtained.
- the overload detection device 109 obtains the ratio R of the integrated value T2 for the time when the oil pressure P with respect to the detection period T1 is larger than the pressure threshold value ⁇ (step S7), and compares it with the predetermined ratio threshold value ⁇ (step S8). ). When the ratio R of the integrated value T2 to the detection period T1 is larger than the ratio threshold value ⁇ (YES in step S8), the overload detection device 109 determines that an overload has been detected (step S9), and detects a predetermined overload. Post-processing is performed (step S10), and the overload detection process is completed.
- the overload detection device 109 When the ratio R of the integrated value T2 with respect to the detection period T1 is equal to or less than the ratio threshold value ⁇ (NO in step S8), the overload detection device 109 considers that the load is not overload and ends the overload detection process.
- the overload detection device 109 may repeat the above series of overload detection processes during the operation of the rotary crusher 110.
- the rotary crusher 110 of the present embodiment includes a mantle 34, a spindle 31 to which the mantle 34 is fixed and eccentric swivel, a lower frame 22 that supports the spindle 31, and a mantle 34.
- a crushing force is applied to the mantle 34 so as to hold a predetermined set of the cone cave 12, the upper frame 21 supporting the cone cave 12, and the mantle 34 and the cone cave 12 forming a crushing chamber 47 for biting and crushing the rough stone 67 between the two.
- It is provided with a bearing cylinder 8 (corresponding to a “hydraulic cylinder” in the claimed range) and an overload detection device 109 that give an oil pressure to counteract the above.
- the overload detection device 109 includes a hydraulic sensor 86 that detects the hydraulic pressure of the bearing cylinder 8, a storage device 109b, and an arithmetic unit 109a.
- the storage device 109b acquires information on the hydraulic pressure P from the oil pressure sensor 86 and stores it in association with the sampling time.
- the arithmetic unit 109a sets a plurality of continuous sampling sections as the detection period T1, integrates the time during which the oil pressure exceeds the pressure threshold value ⁇ within the detection period T1, and the ratio of the integrated time T2 to the detection period T1 (T2). When / T1) exceeds a predetermined ratio threshold value ⁇ , it is detected that the rotary crusher 110 is operated in an overloaded state.
- the hydraulic pressure P of the bearing cylinder 8 (corresponding to the “hydraulic cylinder” in the claimed range) is detected, and the hydraulic pressure P is sampled at the sampling time.
- the detection period T1 is defined as a plurality of continuous sampling times, and the time during which the oil pressure P exceeds a predetermined pressure threshold ⁇ is integrated within the detection period T1, and the integrated time T2 Includes detecting that the rotary crusher 110 is operating in an overloaded state when the ratio (T2 / T1) to the detection period T1 exceeds a predetermined ratio threshold ⁇ .
- the detection period T1 is set, and the ratio of the time T2 at which the oil pressure in the detection period T1 becomes higher than the pressure threshold value ⁇ . , The load state of the rotary crusher 110 is estimated.
- the detection period T1 By setting the detection period T1 in this way, the influence of short-term fluctuations in the oil pressure P is suppressed. As a result, false detection of an overload state can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to detect with high accuracy that the crusher 110 is operating in an overloaded state while using the measured value of the hydraulic pressure P that fluctuates constantly.
- the pressure threshold ⁇ for the hydraulic force of the current sampling interval S n is a sampling interval S n immediately before the current sampling interval S n It is a value obtained by multiplying the moving average Pm including the detected value of -1 by a coefficient C of 1 or more.
- the value of the pressure threshold value ⁇ is given corresponding to the oil pressure P that constantly fluctuates due to changes in the raw material properties, the raw material size, the raw material water content, and the like. Therefore, the influence of short-term fluctuations in oil pressure can be suppressed more effectively.
- the overload detection devices 9 and 109 store the reference value for the integrated value T2 in advance, and when the integrated value T2 exceeds the reference value, the operation of the rotary crushers 10 and 110 is overloaded. It may be determined that it is in a state.
- the integrated value T2 of the time during which the oil pressure exceeds the predetermined pressure threshold value ⁇ is obtained within the detection period T1.
- the integrated value of the oil pressure exceeding the predetermined pressure threshold value ⁇ is obtained within the detection period T1 and compared with the predetermined threshold value.
- the pressure threshold value for the oil pressure in the sampling section is a value obtained based on the moving average including the detected value in the sampling section immediately before the sampling section.
- the pressure threshold value for the oil pressure in the sampling section may be the latest time average value obtained based on the detected values of a plurality of sampling sections prior to the sampling section.
- the pressure threshold value for the oil pressure in the sampling section may be a value obtained by applying a predetermined first-order lag filter to the detected values of a plurality of sampling sections including the sampling section immediately before the sampling section. In either case, a pressure threshold value corresponding to the constantly fluctuating oil pressure can be given, and the influence of short-term fluctuations in the oil pressure can be suppressed.
- Cone cave support assembly 2 Frame assembly 3: Main shaft assembly 4: Frame cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) 4a: 1st hydraulic chamber 4b: 2nd hydraulic chamber 6: Eccentric sleeve assembly 8: Bearing cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) 9,109: Overload detection device 9a, 109a: Arithmetic device 9b, 109b: Storage device 10,110: Rotating crusher 11: Input hopper 12: Cone cave 13: Gear plate 14: Cone cave support 18: Electric motor 19: Power transmission mechanism 21: Upper frame 22: Lower frame 23: Set adjustment stand 24: Gear 25: Dustring 26,126: Set sensor 27: Motor 31: Main shaft 33: Manturia 34: Mantle 41: Hydraulic pressure sensor 42, 92: Accumulators 44, 144: Cylinder control device 47: Crushing chamber 61: V pulley 62: Horizontal axis 63: Bevel pinion 64: Bevel gear 65: Eccentric sleeve 70, 90: Hydraulic circuit 71: Oil tank 72: First oil
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Abstract
Description
前記油圧シリンダの前記油圧力を検出する油圧センサと、
前記油圧センサから前記油圧力に関する情報を取得してサンプリング時刻と関連付けて記憶する記憶装置と、
連続する複数のサンプリング区間を検出期間とし、当該検出期間内において前記油圧力が所定の圧力閾値を上回る時間を積算し、その積算された時間の前記検出期間に対する割合が所定の割合閾値を超える場合に、前記破砕機が過負荷状態で運転されていることを検出する演算装置と、を備えるものである。
マントルと、
前記マントルが固定されて偏心旋回運動する主軸と、
前記主軸を支持する下部フレームと、
前記マントルとの間に原石を噛み込んで圧砕する破砕室を形成するコーンケーブと、
前記コーンケーブを支持する上部フレームと、
前記マントル及び前記コーンケーブの所定のセットを保持するように前記マントル又は前記コーンケーブに破砕力に対抗する油圧力を与える油圧シリンダと、
前記過負荷検出装置とを備えるものである。
前記油圧シリンダの前記油圧力を検出し、当該油圧力をサンプリング時刻と関連付けて記憶すること、及び、
連続する複数のサンプリング時間を検出期間とし、当該検出期間内において前記油圧力が所定の圧力閾値を上回る時間を積算し、その積算された時間の前記検出期間に対する割合が所定の割合閾値を超える場合に、前記破砕機が過負荷状態で運転されていることを検出すること、を含むものである。
次に、図面を参照して本発明の第1実施形態を説明する。図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る過負荷検出装置9を備える旋動式破砕機10の概略構成を示す図である。本実施形態に係る旋動式破砕機10は、機械式の旋動式破砕機10である。
図1に示す旋動式破砕機10は、コーンケーブサポート組立1と、フレーム組立2と、主軸組立3と、偏心スリーブ組立6と、電動機18とを備える。
旋動式破砕機10の運転中に、原石67の性状や水分量、投入ホッパ11内の原石67のレベルの変化、金属片などの異物の混入などの外乱に起因して破砕負荷が変動する。ここで「破砕負荷」とは、破砕に伴って電動機18に掛かる負荷を意味する。なお、電動機18は、その出力軸に所定以上の過負荷が発生すると、出力軸の回転がロックされ、過負荷保護回路の作動によって非常停止する。そこで、本実施形態に係る旋動式破砕機10は、フレームシリンダ4の油圧力を監視し、その変化に基づいて過剰な破砕負荷を検出する過負荷検出装置9を備える。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態を説明する。図7は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る過負荷検出装置109を備える旋動式破砕機110の概略構成を示す図である。本実施形態に係る旋動式破砕機110は、油圧式の旋動式破砕機110である。なお、本実施形態の説明においては、前述の実施形態と同一又は類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。
図7に示すように、旋動式破砕機110は、被破砕物を貯留するホッパ11と、ホッパ11から落下した被破砕物を噛み込んで破砕するマントル34及びコーンケーブ12と、マントル34の旋回駆動手段である電動機18と、電動機18からマントル34へ回転動力を伝達する動力伝達機構19と、マントル34をコーンケーブ12に対し昇降させる軸受シリンダ8(油圧シリンダ)とを備える。
2 :フレーム組立
3 :主軸組立
4 :フレームシリンダ(油圧シリンダ)
4a :第1油圧室
4b :第2油圧室
6 :偏心スリーブ組立
8 :軸受シリンダ(油圧シリンダ)
9,109 :過負荷検出装置
9a,109a :演算装置
9b,109b :記憶装置
10,110 :旋動式破砕機
11 :投入ホッパ
12 :コーンケーブ
13 :歯車板
14 :コーンケーブサポート
18 :電動機
19 :動力伝達機構
21 :上部フレーム
22 :下部フレーム
23 :セット調整架台
24 :ギア
25 :ダストリング
26,126 :セットセンサ
27 :モータ
31 :主軸
33 :マントルコア
34 :マントル
41 :油圧センサ
42,92 :アキュムレータ
44,144 :シリンダ制御装置
47 :破砕室
61 :Vプーリ
62 :横軸
63 :ベベルピニオン
64 :ベベルギア
65 :偏心スリーブ
70,90 :油圧回路
71 :油タンク
72 :第1油路
73 :第2油路
74 :排油路
75 :給油路
76 :ギアポンプ
77 :ポンプモータ
78 :切替弁
80 :セット調整装置
81 :ラム
82 :主軸スラスト軸受
83 :シリンダチューブ
85 :油圧室
86 :油圧センサ
91 :連通管
93 :給油管
94 :排油管
98 :開閉弁
99 :開閉弁
Claims (5)
- 偏心旋回運動する主軸に固定されたマントルと、前記マントルとの間に原石を噛み込んで圧砕する破砕室を形成するコーンケーブと、前記マントル及び前記コーンケーブの所定のセットを保持するように前記マントル又は前記コーンケーブに破砕力に対抗する油圧力を与える油圧シリンダとを備える旋動式破砕機が、過負荷状態で運転されていることを検出する装置であって、
前記油圧シリンダの前記油圧力を検出する油圧センサと、
前記油圧センサから前記油圧力に関する情報を取得してサンプリング時刻と関連付けて記憶する記憶装置と、
連続する複数のサンプリング区間を検出期間とし、当該検出期間内において前記油圧力が所定の圧力閾値を上回る時間を積算し、その積算された時間の前記検出期間に対する割合が所定の割合閾値を超える場合に、前記破砕機が過負荷状態で運転されていることを検出する演算装置と、を備える、
旋動式破砕機の過負荷検出装置。 - 前記サンプリング区間の前記油圧力に対する前記圧力閾値が、当該サンプリング区間の直前のサンプリング区間の検出値を含む移動平均に1以上の係数を掛けた値である、
請求項1に記載の旋動式破砕機の過負荷検出装置。 - マントルと、
前記マントルが固定されて偏心旋回運動する主軸と、
前記主軸を支持する下部フレームと、
前記マントルとの間に原石を噛み込んで圧砕する破砕室を形成するコーンケーブと、
前記コーンケーブを支持する上部フレームと、
前記マントル及び前記コーンケーブの所定のセットを保持するように前記マントル又は前記コーンケーブに破砕力に対抗する油圧力を与える油圧シリンダと、
請求項1又は2に記載の過負荷検出装置とを、備える、
旋動式破砕機。 - 偏心旋回運動する主軸に固定されたマントルと、前記マントルとの間に原石を噛み込んで圧砕する破砕室を形成するコーンケーブと、前記マントル及び前記コーンケーブの所定のセットを保持するように前記マントル又は前記コーンケーブに破砕力に対抗する油圧力を与える油圧シリンダとを備える旋動式破砕機が過負荷状態で運転されていることを検出する方法であって、
前記油圧シリンダの前記油圧力を検出し、当該油圧力をサンプリング時刻と関連付けて記憶すること、及び、
連続する複数のサンプリング時間を検出期間とし、当該検出期間内において前記油圧力が所定の圧力閾値を上回る時間を積算し、その積算された時間の前記検出期間に対する割合が所定の割合閾値を超える場合に、前記破砕機が過負荷状態で運転されていることを検出すること、を含む、
旋動式破砕機の過負荷検出方法。 - 前記サンプリング時間の前記油圧力に対する前記圧力閾値が、当該サンプリング時間の直前のサンプリング時間の検出値を含む移動平均に1以上の係数を掛けた値である、
請求項4に記載の旋動式破砕機の過負荷検出方法。
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AU2019435553A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
JPWO2020188824A1 (ja) | 2021-11-04 |
JP7116842B2 (ja) | 2022-08-10 |
AU2019435553B2 (en) | 2022-12-15 |
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