WO2020175849A1 - 광학 소자 - Google Patents
광학 소자 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020175849A1 WO2020175849A1 PCT/KR2020/002452 KR2020002452W WO2020175849A1 WO 2020175849 A1 WO2020175849 A1 WO 2020175849A1 KR 2020002452 W KR2020002452 W KR 2020002452W WO 2020175849 A1 WO2020175849 A1 WO 2020175849A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
- G02B26/026—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light based on the rotation of particles under the influence of an external field, e.g. gyricons, twisting ball displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
- B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
- G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/55—Liquid crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2551/00—Optical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
- B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
- B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
- B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/04—Materials and properties dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/01—Function characteristic transmissive
Definitions
- This application relates to optical devices.
- a device with variable transmittance using a so-called GH (Guest host) method in which a mixture of guests (dichroic dye guest) is applied is known, and a liquid crystal compound is mainly used as a host material in the device.
- GH Guard host
- Such a device with a variable transmittance, such as a TV or a monitor is known.
- general display devices they are applied to various purposes including eyewear such as sunglasses and glasses, exterior walls of buildings, or sunroofs of vehicles.
- the properties are measured at room temperature and pressure.
- room temperature refers to a natural temperature that is not heated or rolled, and generally any temperature within the range of about 10 O C to 30 O C, about 23 O C or about 25 O C. Can be the temperature of
- normal pressure is a natural pressure that is not specifically reduced or increased, and generally means a pressure of about 1 atmosphere equal to atmospheric pressure.
- the optical device may include an optical film. 2020/175849 1»(:1/10 ⁇ 020/002452 There is.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of an exemplary optical film included in the optical device of this application.
- the optical film 100 of this application includes a first base film (no) and a second base film 150 disposed oppositely, and between the first and second base films 110 and 150 It may include a light modulation layer (130).
- the optical element may include a transmittance adjusting means 160.
- the transmittance adjusting means 160 may be a means capable of applying an electric field to the optical film 100 from an external power source.
- the surface may additionally include first and second electrode layers 120 and 140 each having a angular shape.
- the base film for example, an inorganic film made of glass or a plastic film may be used.
- a plastic film a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film;
- COP cyclo olefin copolymer films such as norbornene derivatives; Krill film such as PMMA (poly(metiyl methacrylate)); PC (polycarbonate) film; PE (polyethylene) film; PP (polypropylene) film; PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) film; DAC (diacetyl cellulose) film; Pac (polyacrylate) film ; PES (poly ether sulfone) film;
- PEEK polyetheretherketon
- PPS polyphenylsulfone
- PEI polyetherimide
- PEN Polyethylenemaphthatlate
- PET poly ethy leneterephtalate
- Pl polyimide
- PSF polysulfone
- PAR polyarylate film or fluorine resin film
- the base film if necessary, coating a silicon compound such as gold, silver, silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide, or an antireflection layer, etc. A coating layer may be present.
- a film having a phase difference in a predetermined range may be used.
- the substrate film may have a front phase difference of 100 nm or less.
- the front phase difference may be about 95 nm or less, about 90 nm or less, about 85 nm or less, about 80 nm or less, about 75 nm or less, about 70 nm.
- about 65 nm or less about 60 nm or less, about 55 nm or less, about 50 nm or less, about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, about 35 nm or less, about 30 nm or less, about 25 nm or less, about 20 nm It may be less than about 15 nm, less than about 10 nm, less than about 5 nm, less than about 4 nm, less than about 3 nm, less than about 2 nm, less than about 1 nm, or less than about 0.5 nm.
- the frontal phase difference is about 0 nm or more, about 1 nm or more, about 2 nm or more, about 3 nm or more, about 4 nm or more, about 5 nm or more, about 6 nm or more, about 7 nm or more, about 8 nm. Or more, about 9 nm or more, or about 9.5 nm or more.
- the absolute value of the phase difference in the thickness direction of the base film may be, for example, 200 nm or less. In other examples, the absolute value of the phase difference in the thickness direction is 190 nm or less, 180 nm or less, 170 nm or less, 160 nm or less, 150 nm or less, 140 nm or less, 130 nm or less, 120 nm or less, 110 nm or less, 100 nm or less.
- nm or less 85 nm or less, 80 nm or less, 70 nm or less, 60 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 40 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 10 nm or less, 5 nm or less, 4 nm or less, 3 nm or less, 2 nm or less, 1 nm or less or 0.5 nm or less, and 0 nm or more, 2020/175849 1»(:1/10 ⁇ 020/002452
- the thickness direction phase difference may be negative or positive if the absolute value is within the above range, and may be negative, for example.
- thickness direction phase difference 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4" is a numerical value calculated by the following general formula 2, and unless otherwise specified, the reference wavelength of the frontal and thickness direction phase difference is about 550 11111.
- the angles formed by the slow axes can be, for example, within a range of about 0 to 7 degrees,-within a range of 7 to 7 degrees,-within a range of 5 to 5 degrees, or-within a range of 3 to 3 degrees, or approximately parallel.
- the angle formed by the ground axis of the base film and the light absorption axis of the polarizing layer to be described later is, for example, within a range of about 0 degrees to about 7 degrees,-within a range of 7 degrees to 7 degrees, -5 degrees to 5 degrees.
- range of 3 to 3 degrees may be approximately parallel, or within the range of about 80 to 100 degrees, within the range of about 83 to 97 degrees, within the range of about 85 to 95 degrees, or within the range of about 87 to 92 It may be within the range of degrees or approximately vertical.
- the base film is, the coefficient of thermal expansion 100.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is different than '! Shea! Standing 95 ppm / K or less, and 90 m/K or less ⁇ , 80 ppm/K or less ⁇ , 75 ppm/K or less, 70 ppm/K or less, or 65 ppm/K or less, 10 ppm/K or more, 20 ppm/K or more, 30 ppm/K or more, It can be more than 40 ppm/K, more than 50 ppm/K, or more than 55 ppm/K.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the base film can be measured according to the regulations of, for example, Show ⁇ 1 0696, and is provided in the corresponding standard.
- the furnace film can be cut and the coefficient of thermal expansion can be calculated by measuring the change in length per unit temperature, and it can be measured by a known method such as TMA (Themlo Mechanic Show).
- a base film having a breaking elongation of 90% or more can be used as the base film.
- the breaking elongation is 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, 110% or more, 115% or more, 120% or more, 125 % Or more, 130% or more, 135% or more, 140% or more, 145% or more, 150% or more,
- the elongation at break of the base film can be measured according to the ASTM D882 standard, and the film is manufactured in the form provided by that standard. It can be cut and measured using equipment that can measure the stress-strain curve (which can measure force and length at the same time).
- a more durable optical element can be provided by selecting the base film to have the above coefficient of thermal expansion and/or elongation at break.
- the thickness of the base film is not particularly limited, and may usually be in the range of about to 200 /ffli.
- the first base film on which the first electrode layer is formed may be referred to as a first electrode base film
- the second base film on which the second electrode layer is formed may be referred to as a second electrode base film.
- the electrode base film may have translucency in a visible light region, for example.
- the electrode base film may have a transmittance of 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more for any wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to 700 nm or for light of 550 nm wavelength in the visible light region.
- the transmittance may be approximately 100% or less or less than 100%.
- the material of the electrode layer formed on the electrode base film is not particularly limited, and any material applied to forming the electrode layer in the field of optical devices may be used without particular limitation.
- an electrode layer a metal oxide; a metal wire; a metal nanotube; a metal
- An electrode layer formed by using a mesh; carbon nanotube; graphene; or a composite material of conductive polymer ages may be applied.
- the electrode layer antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), lanthanum (La), magnesium ( Mg), selenium (Se), aluminum (A1), silicon (Si), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn) and
- a metal oxide layer containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium (Zr) may be used.
- the thickness of the electrode layer should be appropriate within the range not impairing the purpose of this application.
- the thickness of the electrode layer may be within the range of 50 nm to 300 nm or 70 nm to 200 nm, but is not limited thereto.
- the electrode layer may be a single layer structure made of the above-described material, or a laminated structure. In the case of a laminated structure, the materials constituting each layer may be the same or different.
- the electrode base film includes the electrode layer on the first and second base films.
- the electrode layer applies an electric field corresponding to external energy to the light modulation layer.
- a region to be applied (hereinafter, it may be referred to as a first region) and a region that connects the electrode layer to an external power source to apply the electric field (hereinafter, referred to as a second region).
- 2020/175849 1» (:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 is available).
- the two areas are physically separated from each other or are physically continuous, or are substantially overlapping with each other
- the first region is a region overlapping with the optical modulation layer when observing the optical element along the normal direction of its surface in the structure of the optical element, and the second region is an external terminal, etc. This may be the formed region (for example, 161, 162 in FIG. 1).
- one or two or more of the second regions may be formed on the electrode layer of each electrode substrate film.
- the second region may be formed on the edge of the substrate film. That is, the second region may be formed on the edge of the substrate film.
- the second region may be formed on a surface near the edge of the base film. This second region may be formed by forming a terminal connected to an external power source, for example.
- the second region of the electrode layer on the first substrate film and the second region of the electrode layer on the second substrate film are arranged to be viewed from each other. They may be arranged, or they may be arranged so that they do not look at each other.
- the two terminals 161 on the electrode layer 120 on the film 110 are formed only on the right side of the drawing
- the two terminals 162 on the electrode layer 140 on the lower substrate film 150 are only the terminal on the right side of the drawing.
- This form may be a form configured for the implementation of the gradation mode among the modes described later.
- One of the second regions is formed on each electrode substrate film, and the second region of the electrode layer on the first substrate film and the second region of the electrode layer on the second substrate film are arranged so that they are not viewed from each other.
- the second area on the first base film and the second area on the second base film may be arranged so as to alternate with each other. Referring to FIG. 1, the electrode layer 120 on the first base film 0 2 terminals (161) Lower part when the terminal is formed only on the right side of the middle drawing
- the terminal is formed only on the left side of the drawing, or the two terminals 161 on the electrode layer 120 on the first base film (0)
- the terminal may be formed only on the right side of the drawing. This form implements the uniform transmission mode among the modes described later. It may be of a hazardous configuration.
- the second area includes all of the above-described forms and
- the second region in the electrode substrate film is 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452
- one of the two second regions of the first electrode base film is referred to as the show region, the other is referred to as the six region, and one of the two second regions of the second electrode substrate film.
- the first and second base films may be arranged such that the show area and the (: area face each other, and the above: 8 area and I) areas face each other.
- the optical film of this application includes an optical modulation layer between the first and second base films.
- Such a light modulation layer may be an active liquid crystal layer having at least a liquid crystal compound in one example.
- the active liquid crystal layer is a layer containing a liquid crystal compound, and changes the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound through external energy.
- the optical device can selectively switch between various modes including a transmission mode and a blocking mode, and thus the active liquid crystal layer can be a light modulation layer.
- the term transmission mode has a transmittance of about 10% or more, about 15% or more, about 20% or more, about 25% or more, 30% or more, about 35% or more, about 40% or more, about 45% or more.
- the blocking mode may mean a state in which the transmittance is less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, or less than about 5%. The higher the transmittance value is, the more advantageous the transmittance is, and the lower the transmittance in the blocking mode is, the higher the upper limit and the lower limit are not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of the transmittance in the transmittance mode is about 100%, about 95%, It can be about 90%, about 85%, about 80%, about 75%, about 70%, about 65%, or about 60%.
- the lower limit of the transmittance in the blocking mode is about 0%, about 1%, about 2%, It can be about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9% or about.
- the transmittance may be a straight light transmittance.
- the straight light transmittance may be a ratio of light (straight light) transmitted through the optical element in the same direction as the incident direction to the light incident on the optical element in a predetermined direction.
- the transmittance may be a measurement result (normal light transmittance) of light incident in a direction parallel to the surface normal line of the optical device.
- the light whose transmittance is controlled in an optical device may be ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared rays in the 1 ⁇ -show area.
- the ultraviolet rays in the 1 ⁇ -show area are 320 11111 to 380 11111 It is used to mean radiation having a wavelength in the range of 380 11111 to 780 11111, and visible light is used to mean radiation having a wavelength in the range of 380 11111 to 780 11111, and near-low ultraviolet radiation refers to radiation having a wavelength within the range of 780 11111 to 2000 11111. Used to mean.
- external energy in this specification refers to the energy applied from the outside at a level enough to change the orientation of the liquid crystal compound contained in the phase functional sinus liquid crystal.
- the external energy may be an electric field generated by an external voltage induced through the electrode layer.
- the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound changes depending on whether the external energy is applied, its size and/or the applied position, while switching between the above-described transmission mode and the blocking mode, or other modes. You can switch the doctor teeth.
- the other modes may include first and second modes to be described later.
- the phase functional copper liquid crystal layer may be a liquid crystal layer called a guest host liquid crystal layer, and in this case, the active liquid crystal layer may additionally include an anisotropic dye together with the liquid crystal compound.
- the guest host liquid crystal layer A liquid crystal layer using the so-called guest host effect, and is a liquid crystal layer in which the anisotropic dyes are aligned according to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound (hereinafter, it may be referred to as a liquid crystal host).
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal host is It can be adjusted using the alignment layer and/or the external energy described above.
- the type of liquid crystal host used in the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, and a general type of liquid crystal compound applied for realizing the guest host effect may be used.
- a smectic liquid crystal compound for example, a nematic liquid crystal compound, or a cholesteric liquid crystal compound may be used.
- a nematic liquid crystal compound may be used.
- Terms Nematic liquid crystal compound There is no regularity for the position of the liquid crystal molecules, but all refer to liquid crystal compounds that can be arranged in an orderly manner in the direction of the molecular axis, and these liquid crystal compounds may be in the form of a rod or a disc (discotic).
- Such nematic liquid crystal compounds are, for example, about 40 O C or more, about 50 O C or more, about 60 O C or more, about 70 O C or more, about 80 O C or more, about 90 O C or more, about 100°C It may be selected to have a clearing point of abnormality or about 110 O C or more, or a phase transition point of the above range, that is, a phase transition point from nematic to isotropic. In one example, the clearing point or phase transition point is weak. It may be 160 O C or less, about 150 O C or less, or about 140 O C or less.
- the liquid crystal compound may have a negative or positive dielectric anisotropy.
- the absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy may be appropriately selected in consideration of a purpose.
- the dielectric anisotropy is more than 3 or more than 7, or -2 It may be less than or less than -3.
- the liquid crystal compound may also have an optical anisotropy (An) of greater than or equal to about 0.01 or greater than or equal to about 0.04.
- the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may in other instances be less than or equal to about 0.3 or less than or equal to about 0.27.
- a liquid crystal compound that can be used as a liquid crystal host of a guest host liquid crystal layer is known in the art. 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452
- the liquid crystal layer is the guest host liquid crystal layer
- the liquid crystal layer is the guest host liquid crystal layer
- ⁇ dye'' is a substance capable of intensively absorbing and/or modifying light in at least some or all of the visible light range, for example, in the wavelength range of 380 11111 to 780 11111.
- anisotropic dye may mean a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least a part or the entire range of the visible light region.
- anisotropic dyes for example, vacuum paper dyes known to have properties that can be aligned according to the alignment of the liquid crystal host can be selected and used.
- anisotropic dyes azo dyes or anthra are used.
- a quinone dye or the like can be used, and the liquid crystal layer may contain one or two or more dyes to achieve light absorption in a wide wavelength range.
- the anisotropic dye may have a dichroic ratio in the range of 5 to 20.
- the term ⁇ dichromatic ratio'' for example, in the case of a type dye, can mean a value obtained by dividing the absorption of polarized light parallel to the major axis direction of the dye by the absorption of polarized light parallel to the direction perpendicular to the major axis direction.
- the dichroic ratio may be at least partially or in one wavelength or the entire range.
- the content of the anisotropic dye in the liquid crystal layer can be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose.
- the content of the anisotropic dye may be selected within the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- the ratio of the anisotropic dye is the desired transmittance and the anisotropic dye to the liquid crystal host. It can be changed taking into account the solubility of medicine.
- the liquid crystal layer basically contains the liquid crystal host and the anisotropic dye,
- additives may include, but are not limited to, chiral dopants or stabilizers.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer may be appropriately selected to suit the implementation of a desired mode.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is about 0.04011 or more, 0.0 or less.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, ,
- it may be about 30 [,1111 or less, 25 [,1111 or less, 20 111 or less, or 15 111 or less.
- the switching can be adjusted through the application of external energy such as voltage, for example.
- external energy such as voltage
- one of the first and second orientation states in an unapplied voltage state 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 One state is maintained, and the other orientation state can be switched by applying voltage.
- the first and second orientation states are, in one example, horizontal times 3 ⁇ 4 vertical times 3 ⁇ 4
- the liquid crystal layer or optical film in the blocking mode is at least horizontal orientation, twist nematic orientation or cholesteric orientation
- the liquid crystal layer or the optical film in the transmission mode may be in a vertical orientation or a horizontal orientation state having an optical axis in a direction different from the horizontal orientation of the cutoff mode.
- the liquid crystal device is in a conventional cutoff mode in which the cutoff mode is implemented in a state where no voltage is applied. It is possible to implement a device of (Normally Black Mode) or a Normally Transparent Mode in which the above-described transmission mode is implemented in the state of no voltage application.
- Such an active liquid crystal layer can have a variety of modes.
- the active liquid crystal layer can be, for example, an Electrically Controlled Birefringence (ECB) mode, a twisted nematic (TN) mode, or a super twisted crystal layer.
- EBC Electrically Controlled Birefringence
- TN twisted nematic
- nematic Super Twisted Nematic
- the alignment characteristics of the liquid crystal compound in the active liquid crystal layer may vary depending on the driving mode of the active liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal compound in one orientation state of the active liquid crystal layer in one orientation state of the active liquid crystal layer
- It may exist in a state oriented so as to form an angle with the absorption axis of the polarizing layer to be described later, exist in a state oriented so as to be horizontal or vertical with the absorption axis of the polarizing layer, or exist in a twisted oriented state.
- the term "twisted-oriented state” means that the optical axis of the active liquid crystal layer is about 0 to 15 degrees, about 0 to W, about 0 to about the plane of the active liquid crystal layer.
- the angle in the long axis direction of the neighboring liquid crystal compound contained in the active liquid crystal layer changes little by little, indicating a state in which it is twisted and arranged.
- the alignment characteristics of the liquid crystal compound in the active liquid crystal layer can be changed by the application of an external action.
- the transmittance when there is no external action and the active liquid crystal layer is horizontally oriented, the transmittance can be increased by switching to the vertical orientation state by the application of external action.
- the transmittance in the absence of external action, when the active liquid crystal layer is vertically oriented, the transmittance can be reduced by switching the horizontal orientation state by the application of an external action. In addition, from the initial vertical orientation state to the horizontal orientation state. In switching, in order to determine the orientation direction of the liquid crystal compound, a pre-tilt in a certain direction may be required.
- the method of applying the pre-tilt is not particularly limited, and for example, the intended pre-tilt is used. It is possible by arranging an appropriate alignment film so that it can be imparted.
- the active liquid crystal layer additionally contains anisotropic dye
- the liquid crystal compound 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 In the vertically oriented state, the light passing through the polarizing layer is vertical to the plane of the polarizing layer existing below the alignment direction of the anisotropic dye. It can be transmitted without being absorbed by the anisotropic dye, which can increase the transmittance of the optical device.
- the liquid crystal compound of the active liquid crystal layer is horizontally oriented, the plane of the polarizing layer existing below the alignment direction of the anisotropic dye.
- the optical axis of the active liquid crystal layer is arranged to have a predetermined angle with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing layer, a part of the light transmitted through the polarizing layer can be absorbed by the anisotropic dye. The transmittance can be reduced.
- the optical element has a transmission mode in which the transmittance of the visible light region is 15% or more in the presence of an external action, and the transmission mode in the visible light region is 3% or less in the absence of an external action. Mode can be implemented. 4] When the active liquid crystal layer is driven in TN mode or STN mode, the active liquid crystal layer is
- Chiral agents may additionally be included. Chiral agents may induce the liquid crystal compound and/or the anisotropic dye to have a molecular arrangement or a linear structure.
- the chiral agent is liquid crystal, for example nematic, As long as it does not impair the regularity and can trigger the intended spiral structure, it can be used without particular limitation.
- the chiral agent to induce a helical structure in the liquid crystal is
- chirality e.g., a compound having one or two or more asy mmetric carbons, a heteroatom phase such as a chiral amine or chiral sulfoxide.
- a compound with an asy mmetric point or a compound having an axially asy mmetric optically active site with a bamboo agent such as cumulene or binaphthol can be exemplified.
- ralje may be a low-molecular compound having a molecular weight of 1,500 or less.
- chiral zero a commercially available chiral nematic liquid crystal, for example, a chiral dopant liquid crystal S-811 from Merck or LC756 from BASF may be used. .
- the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer to visible light depends on the orientation of the liquid crystal compound.
- the method of confirming in which direction the optical axis of the liquid crystal layer is formed in the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer is known.
- the direction of the optical axis of the liquid crystal layer use another polarizing plate whose optical axis direction is known. It can be measured by using a known measuring device, for example, a polarimeter such as Jasco's P-2000.
- a known measuring device for example, a polarimeter such as Jasco's P-2000.
- the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal host, the orientation direction of the alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal host, etc. are controlled. Therefore, the method of implementing the liquid crystal device of the normal transmission or blocking mode as described above is known.
- the optical film is located in the second region on the first and second base films
- An additional insulating layer may be included.
- one of the second regions is formed on each electrode base film, 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452
- the insulating layer is as shown in FIG. each other
- An insulating layer 170 may be positioned between the second regions disposed to face each other.
- the insulating layer is the second area on the first base film and the first base film as shown in FIG.
- the second area on the second base film and the second area on the second base film. Can be located.
- two or more of the second regions are present in each electrode base film.
- the insulating layer may be positioned in each of the second region on the first base film 0 and the second region on the second base film 150 as shown in FIG. 4. Therefore, the second region on the first base film Task 1 When the second area on the base film is facing away, an insulating layer may be located between the second area of the first base film and the second area of the first base film. In addition, if the second area on the first base film and the second area on the first base film are not closely viewed, between the second area on the first base film and the first area on the second base film, and the second area on the second base film. An insulating layer may be positioned between the first regions on the one base film.
- the optical film attaches the base film in a state in which the spacer for maintaining the gap between the two base films and/or the gap between the two base films arranged oppositely is maintained between the two base films, and Sealants may be additionally included.
- Sealants may be additionally included.
- the spacer and/or sealant a publicly known material may be used without particular limitation.
- the position of the spacer and/or sealant in the optical film is not particularly limited.
- sealant hereinafter, may be referred to as “sealer, etc.”
- sealant may be present at the outermost portion between the first and second base films.
- an insulating layer is present on the optical film, and the preparation of the electrode layer on the first base film
- the sealant on the side e.g., the left side of Fig. 4 arranged so that the second region is viewed from each other as shown in FIG. It is present between the silver insulating layer 170 and the light modulation layer 130, and the opposite side (e.g., the right side of Fig. 4) is located on the outermost part between the first and second base films.
- an insulating layer is present on the optical film, so that the second region of the electrode layer on the first base film and the second region of the electrode layer on the second base film are not viewed from each other.
- the sealant may exist between the insulating layer 170 and the light modulation layer 130 as shown in FIG. 3.
- an alignment layer may be present on one surface of the base film, for example, on a surface facing the light modulation layer (eg, active liquid crystal layer).
- the alignment layer on the electrode layer is provided.
- the alignment layer controls the orientation of the liquid crystal host included in the light modulation layer such as the active liquid crystal layer.
- a known alignment layer can be applied without particular limitation.
- an alignment layer known in the industry there is a rubbing alignment layer or a photo alignment layer.
- the orientation direction of the alignment layer can be controlled.
- the orientation direction of the two alignment layers formed on each side of the two base films disposed opposite to each other is within about -10 degrees.
- the orientation direction of the two alignment layers is about 80 to 100 degrees It may be an angle within a range of degrees, an angle within a range of about 83 degrees to 97 degrees, an angle within a range of about 85 degrees to 95 degrees, or an angle within a range of about 87 degrees to 92 degrees, or approximately perpendicular to each other.
- the optical device may additionally include a polarizing layer together with the optical film.
- a polarizing layer for example, an absorption type polarizing layer, that is, a light absorption axis formed in one direction and light formed approximately perpendicular thereto. Polarization with transmissive dies can be used.
- the angle formed by the average optical axis in the first alignment state (the vector of the optical axis) and the light absorption axis of the polarizing layer is 80 degrees to 100 degrees or 85 degrees.
- It may be arranged to be at 95 degrees, or to be approximately vertical, or to be arranged to be between 35 degrees and 55 degrees, or between about 40 degrees and 50 degrees, or about 45 degrees.
- the orientation direction of the orientation film formed on each side of the two base films of the optical film arranged oppositely as described above is about-degrees to the angle within the range of ⁇ degrees,- If the angle is within the range of 7 degrees to 7 degrees, the angle within the range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees, or the angle within the range of 3 degrees to 3 degrees or is approximately parallel to each other, the orientation direction of one of the two alignment layers and the above
- the angle formed by the light absorption axis of the polarizing layer is 80 degrees to 100 degrees or 85 degrees.
- the orientation directions of the two alignment layers are within a range of about 80 degrees to 100 degrees, an angle within a range of about 83 degrees to 97 degrees, an angle within a range of about 85 degrees to 95 degrees, or about 87 degrees to 92 degrees. If the angle is within the range of degrees or is substantially vertical to each other, the angle between the orientation direction of the alignment layer and the light absorption axis of the polarizing layer among the two alignment layers is 80 to 100 degrees or 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452
- It can be between 85 degrees and 95 degrees, or it can be approximately vertical.
- the optical film and the polarizing layer may be in a state in which they are laminated to each other.
- the optical axis (average optical axis) of the optical film in the first alignment direction and the light absorption axis of the polarizing layer may be arranged such that the above relationship is established.
- the polarization layer is a polarization coating layer to be described later, the polarization
- a structure in which the coating layer is present inside the optical film can be implemented.
- a structure in which the polarization coating layer is present between any one of the base films of the optical film and the light modulation layer can be implemented.
- the electrode layer, the polarizing coating layer, and the alignment layer may be sequentially formed on at least one of the two base films of the optical film.
- the type of the polarizing layer that can be applied to the optical device is not particularly limited.
- a polarization layer a conventional material used in existing LCDs, for example, PVA (poly (vinyl alcohol)) polarization lamps, Lyotropic Liquid Cystal (LLC), or reactive liquid crystal (RM) : Reactive Mesogen) and dichroic dye, such as the polarization coating layer
- the polarization layer implemented by the coating method can be used as described above.
- the polarizing layer implemented by the coating method as described above may be referred to as a polarizing coating layer.
- the lipophilic liquid crystal a known liquid crystal can be used without special limitation, for example, a dichroic ratio of 30 to 30.
- an oleophobic liquid crystal capable of forming an oleophobic liquid crystal layer of about 40.
- the polarizing coating layer contains a reactive liquid crystal (RM: Reactive Mesogen) and a dichroic dye
- the dichroic dye is linear. Dye of the color may be used, or a discotic dye may be used.
- the optical device of this application includes only one optical film and one polarizing layer as described above.
- the optical element may include only one of the optical film and only one of the polarizing layer, but is not limited thereto.
- the optical device of the present application may have a structure including two opposing polarizing layers, and the optical modulation layer being present between the two polarizing layers.
- the absorption axes of the two opposing polarizing layers may be perpendicular to each other or may be horizontal.
- vertical and horizontal are substantially vertical and horizontal, respectively, ⁇ 5 degrees and ⁇ 5 degrees and ⁇ 5 degrees. It can be understood to include errors within 4 degrees, ⁇ 3 degrees, and ⁇ 2 degrees.
- the optical element may additionally include two outer substrates arranged opposite to each other.
- one of the two outer substrates is referred to as the first outer substrate, and the other is the second outer substrate. It can be called as, but the expressions 1 and 2 above do not define the parental relationship between the outer substrate.
- the optical film or the optical film and the polarizing layer may be encapsulated between the two outer substrates.
- Such encapsulation includes an adhesive film. 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 can be used.
- the optical film 10 and the polarization between the two outer substrates 30 arranged oppositely Layer 20 may exist.
- an inorganic substrate made of glass or a plastic substrate may be used.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- COP cyclo olefin copolymer
- Acrylic film such as PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)); PC (polycarbonate) film; PE (polyethylene) film; PP (polypropylene) film; PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) film; DAC (diacetyl cellulose) film; Pac (poly
- PEEK polyetheretherketon
- PPS polypheny Is ulfone
- PEI polyetherimide
- PEN Polyethylenemaphthatlate
- PET polyethyleneterephtalate
- Pl polyimide
- PSF polysulfone
- PAR polyarylate
- fluorine resin film may be used, but it is not limited thereto.
- a coating layer of a silicon compound such as gold, silver, silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide, or a coating layer such as an antireflection layer, if necessary. It may exist.
- the thickness of the outer substrate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, about 0.3 mm or more. In other examples, the thickness is about 0.5 mm or more, about 1 mm or more, about 1.5 mm or more, or about 2 mm or more. It may be 10 mm or less, 9 mm or less, 8 mm or less, 7 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, or 3 mm or less.
- the outer substrate may be a flat substrate, or a substrate having a curved shape.
- the two outer substrates may be a flat substrate at the same time, or have a curved shape at the same time, or One may be a flat substrate, and the other may be a curved substrate.
- each curvature or radius of curvature may be the same or different.
- the curvature or radius of curvature can be measured in a manner known in the industry, for example, 2D Profile Laser Sensor, Chromatic confocal line sensor, or 3D Measuring Conforcal Microscopy. Measurements can be made using non-contact equipment in the company. How to use such equipment to measure curvature or radius of curvature is known.
- the curvature or radius of curvature of the surface facing each other that is, the curvature or radius of curvature of the surface facing the second outer substrate and the curvature of the surface facing the first outer substrate in the case of the second outer substrate or
- the curvature or radius of curvature is not constant and different parts exist, the largest curvature or radius of curvature or the smallest curvature or radius of curvature or average curvature or average radius of curvature is the standard.
- the difference between the quantum curvature or radius of curvature is within 10%, within 9%, and 8% 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ Within 2020/002452, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, within 3%, within 2% or within 1%.
- the difference in radius is a value calculated as 100 (0) ⁇ 3 when a large curvature or radius of curvature is 0 ⁇ 1, and a small curvature or radius of curvature is called.
- the lower limit of the difference between the above curvature or curvature radius Is not particularly limited. Since the difference between the curvature or radius of curvature of the two outer substrates may be the same, the difference between the curvature or radius of curvature may be more than 0% or more than 0%.
- Control of the curvature or radius of curvature as described above is useful in a structure in which an optical film and/or a polarizing layer is encapsulated by an adhesive film, like the optical device of this application.
- both the first and second outer substrates are curved, the curvatures of both may be the same sign.
- the two outer substrates may both be bent in the same direction. That is, in the above case, the first and second outer substrates may be curved in the same direction. This is the case where both the center of curvature of the outer substrate 1 and the center of curvature of the second outer substrate exist in the same part of the upper and lower portions of the first and second outer substrates.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a side surface in which the encapsulation portion 400 including an optical film, etc. exists between the first and second outer substrates 30, in this case, the curvature of both the first and second outer substrates 30 The center is the case in the lower part of the drawing.
- the radius of curvature of each of the above substrates is at least 2 ⁇ or more, 3 ⁇ or more, 4 ⁇ or more, 5 ⁇ or more, 6 ⁇ or more, 7 ⁇ or more, 8 ⁇ 2 4 or 90011 ⁇ , 10,00011 9,00011 8,00011 is 7,00011
- 1,80011 1,70011 1,60011 1,50011 1,40011 It may be 1,30011 or less, 1,20011 or less, 1,10011 or less, or 1,05011 or less.
- II means the curved hardness of 1 111111 people with a radius. Therefore, in the above, for example, 10011 is a radius. 100111111 It is the degree of curvature of a person or the radius of curvature for such a circle. Of course, if the substrate is flat, the curvature is zero, and the radius of curvature is infinite.
- the first and second outer substrates may have the same or different radius of curvature within the above range.
- the radius of curvature of the substrate having a larger curvature is above. Can be within range.
- a substrate having a larger curvature among them may be a substrate disposed in the direction of gravity than when using an optical element.
- the lower portion is compared to the upper substrate.
- the substrate may have a greater curvature.
- the difference between the curvatures of the first and second outer substrates may be within the range described above.
- both the first and second outer substrates are curved substrates, or When one of the first and second outer substrates is a curved substrate and the other is a flat substrate, the positional relationship is determined along the direction toward the convex portion of the curved surface. For example, in the case of FIG. 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 Since the convex direction from the bottom to the top is formed, the upper outer substrate becomes the upper substrate and the lower outer substrate becomes the lower substrate.
- the adhesive film A certain level of pressure is generated at the center of the optical element by the restoring force of the curved substrates of the outer substrates attached to each other by (400), thereby suppressing, reducing, mitigating and/or preventing the occurrence of defects such as bubbles inside.
- the autoclave process can be performed, and in this process, high temperature and high pressure are usually applied. However, in some cases, it is an adhesive film applied to encapsulation after the autoclave process and is kept at a temperature for a long time, etc. When this occurs, the outer substrate may open up. When such a phenomenon occurs, a force acts on the encapsulated active liquid crystal element and/or the polarizing layer, and bubbles may form inside.
- the net force which is the sum of the restoring force and the gravity, acts to prevent it from spreading, and even under the same process pressure as the autoclave.
- the net force which is the sum of the restoring force and gravity, acts at the center of the optical element, it more effectively suppresses, reduces, relieves, and/or more effectively suppresses the occurrence of defects such as bubbles in the area where the actual transmittance is controlled. Can be prevented.
- the optical device includes the optical film and/or the polarizing layer in the outer substrate.
- Such an adhesive film 40 is, for example, as shown in FIG. 7 between the outer substrate 30 and the optical film 10, the optical film 10 and the polarization It may exist between the layers 20 and/or between the polarizing layer 20 and the outer substrate 30, and may exist on the sides of the optical film 10 and the polarizing layer 20, suitably on all sides.
- the adhesive film while bonding the outer substrate 30 and the optical film 10, the optical film 10 and the polarizing layer 20 and the polarizing layer 20 and the outer substrate 30 to each other, the optical The film 10 and the polarizing layer 20 may be encapsulated.
- the outer substrate, optical film, polarization layer and adhesion depending on the intended structure
- the above structure can be implemented by laminating the film and then compressing it in a vacuum state.
- the adhesive film a known material may be used, for example, a known
- Thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive film (TPU: Thermoplastic Polyurea lane),
- TPS Thermoplastic Starch
- sslyide adhesive film slyester adhesive film
- EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
- polyolefin adhesive film such as ethylene or slypropylene
- POE film polyolefin elastomer film
- the adhesive film a film having a phase difference in a predetermined range may be used.
- the adhesive film may have a front phase difference of 100 nm or less.
- the phase difference is about 9511111 or less, about 9011111 or less, about 8511111 or less, about 8()11111 or less, about 7511111 or less, about 7011111 or less, about 6511111 or less, About 6011111 or less, about 5511111 or less, about 5011111 or less, about 4511111 or less, about 4011111 or less, about 3511111 or less, about 3011111 or less, about 2511111 or less, about 20 11111 or less, about 15 11111 or less, about 1011111 or less, about 911111 or less, It may be about 811111 or less, about 711111 or less, about 611111 or less, about 511111 or less, about 411111 or less, about 311111 or less, about 211
- the front phase difference is about 011111 or more, about 111111 or more, about It may be 211111 or more, about 311111 or more, about 411111 or more, about 511111 or more, about 611111 or more, about 711111 or more, about 811111 or more, about 911111 or more, or about 9.511111 or more.
- the absolute value of the phase difference in the thickness direction of the adhesive film may be 200 11111 or less, for example.
- the absolute value may be about 19011111 or less, 18011111 or less, 17011111 or less, 16011111 or less, 15011111 or less, 14011111 or less, 13011111 or less, 120 11111 or less, or 115 11111 or less, or 11111 or more, 011111 or more, 1011111 or more, 2011111 or more, It may be 3011111 or more, 4011111 or more, 5011111 or more, 6011111 or more, 7011111 or more, 80 11111 or more, or 90 11111 or more.
- the thickness direction phase difference may be one negative number having an absolute value within the above range, or 11111 or more, or a positive number.
- the front phase difference of the adhesive film) and the phase difference in the thickness direction (3 ⁇ 4 3 ⁇ 4 is the thickness in Equations 1 and 2, respectively), the ground axial refractive index (), the fast axial refractive index and the thickness direction of the adhesive film. It can be calculated identically except for calculating thickness ), the refractive index in the ground axis direction (1«), the refractive index in the fast axis direction ⁇ and the refractive index in the thickness direction ().
- the thickness of the adhesive film is the thickness of the adhesive film between the outer substrate 30 and the active liquid crystal layer 10, for example, the distance between the two, between the optical film 10 and the polarizing layer 20
- the thickness of the adhesive film of, for example, the gap between the two and the thickness of the adhesive film between the polarizing layer 20 and the outer substrate 30, for example, may be the gap between the two.
- the thickness of the adhesive film is not particularly limited, and may, for example, be in the range of about 200 ⁇ 1111 to 600 ⁇ 1111.
- the thickness of the adhesive film is the outer substrate 30 and the optical film 10
- the thickness of the adhesive film of the doctor for example, the gap between the two, the thickness of the adhesive film between the optical film 10 and the polarizing layer 20, for example, the gap between the two and the polarizing layer 20 and the outer substrate ( 30)
- the thickness of the adhesive film between the two for example, may be the distance between the two.
- the optical device may additionally include any necessary configuration, for example, a phase difference layer, an optical compensation layer, an anti-reflection layer, a hard coating layer, and other known configurations in an appropriate position.
- the optical device of this application as described above can implement various modes including the transmission mode and the blocking mode described above.
- modes that can be implemented by the optical device of this application a gradient mode (hereinafter, it may be referred to as a first mode) .) and a uniform transmission mode (hereinafter, it may be referred to as a second mode), and the optical device of this application can implement any one of the above two modes, or both modes.
- the second region of each electrode base film mentioned above is the first region and
- the above mode can be implemented by changing the part of the second area to which external power is applied.
- the term "electrically connected” is a configuration of any one of the two electrically connected components. When current is applied to an element, it may mean that the other components are also configured to flow current. Therefore, two electrically connected components may be in direct contact, and the two components are It may be connected.
- the electric field may be applied to the active liquid crystal layer by the first region by connecting the power source to the second region.
- the optical device of the present application may include a driving means for selecting a portion of the second area to which the power is connected.
- the above driving means is, for example, in a specific area among the following and the power supply second area. It can be selectively connected, and it is configured to be able to change the connection state as needed, so that the gradient mode and uniform transmission mode can be implemented.
- the gradation mode can refer to a state in which the transmittance of the optical element, for example, the transmittance of the visible light, proceeds in an arbitrary one direction and continuously increases or decreases.
- the uniform transmission mode can refer to a state in which the transmittance of an optical element, for example, the transmittance of visible light is substantially uniform. That the transmittance of the visible light is substantially uniform, for example, is the transmittance of the visible light.
- the increase or decrease may mean a state of 10% or less or 5% or less.
- the uniform transmission mode refers to a state in which the optical element has a transmittance of 0.1% to 99.9% for visible light, as long as the above-described uniform transmittance is satisfied. can do.
- the gradation mode and uniform transmission mode can be implemented by the following principle, for example.
- the degree of orientation of the liquid crystal compound continuously changes when the external voltage applied to the active liquid crystal layer increases or decreases continuously while advancing in the length direction of the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound can be continuously changed. Therefore, transmission is also possible depending on the relationship with the absorption axis of the polarization layer provided in the optical element, while the gradation mode can be realized while continuously increasing or decreasing in the length direction of the copper liquid crystal layer. .
- the second area (show and (: area or 6 and D area) of the second area of the electrode layer formed on the first and second base film is opposite to each other.
- external power (163) is applied through 2020/175849 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 Gradient mode can be implemented.
- the external power source is connected to only one of the 8 areas, which is the second area formed on the first base film, and is connected to only one area, which is the second area formed on the second base film.
- Only one of the areas can be connected. That is, in the case of implementing the first mode above and (: connecting the area to an external power source: 8 and 1), the areas are not connected to external power, and vice versa.
- the first mode is implemented by connecting areas 6 and 0 with external power, the show and (: areas may not be connected to external power).
- the portion connected to the external power in the electrode layer of the first base film is only one of the show or six areas, and the portion connected to the external power in the electrode layer of the second base film May be only one of the above (: or I) areas.
- the optical modulation layer for example, active
- the strength of the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer (130) decreases as it moves away from the show and (: area or 6 and I) area as the starting point. Accordingly, the average optical axis of the liquid crystal compound oriented by the electric field
- the gradient mode can be implemented by continuously changing according to the strength of the conductive system.
- FIG 9 is an exemplary optical device that implements the uniform transmission mode (second mode).
- the first area is the electric field for the light modulation layer 130.
- the external power source is connected to only one of the 8 areas, which is the second area formed on the first base film, and is connected to only one area, which is the second area formed on the second base film. I) Only one of the areas can be connected. That is, when the second mode is shown above and 1) the area is connected to an external power source: 8 and (: areas are not connected to external power, and vice versa. When the second mode is implemented by connecting regions 6 and 0 with external power, the show and 1) regions may not be connected to external power.
- the portion connected to the external power in the electrode layer of the first base film is only one of the show or six areas, and the portion connected to the external power in the electrode layer of the second base film May be only one of the above (: or I) areas.
- the first region can generate a relatively uniform potential difference across the entire light modulation layer, and accordingly, the second mode can be implemented.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are only examples, and the mode of the transmittance control means of this application is shown in the above drawings It is not limited to
- the first and second electrode terminals of the transmittance control means of this application forming the second region need not necessarily be fixed and formed on the first and/or second electrode base film, and transmittance control
- the driving means included in the means can be such that the first and second electrode terminals connected to the power supply are connected to arbitrary positions on the first and second electrode base films and the first and second electrode base films.
- a gradient mode can be implemented.
- the first and second electrode terminals connected to the power source are added to the first and second electrode base films so that the strength of the electric field is continuously increased or decreased in the length direction of the copper liquid crystal layer, as shown in the example shown in FIG.
- the power supply and the second electrode terminal part are connected to the power supply so that the strength of the electric field is approximately uniform in the length direction of the copper liquid crystal layer as shown in the example shown in FIG. It will be appreciated that the connected first and second electrode terminals should be connected to the first and second electrode base films.
- the transmittance control means may include a driving means for selecting the electrode terminal to which the power is connected.
- a driving means for selecting the electrode terminal to which the power is connected.
- the connection state of the power, the electrode terminal and the electrode substrate film portion is shown in FIG. Switching between the connected state and the connected state shown in FIG. 9 may be made, and thus, switching between the gradient mode and the uniform transmission mode may be possible.
- the transmittance adjusting means may include a potential difference adjusting means capable of adjusting a potential difference applied to the first and second electrode terminals.
- Transmittance adjusting means By including the above-described potential difference adjusting means, the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer. The intensity of the light can be adjusted more precisely, and the optical element can implement various transmittances for visible light.
- the electric potential difference control means may use a known means as long as it is capable of adjusting the strength of the electric field applied to the active liquid crystal layer. For example, a resistance located between the power supply and the first or second electrode terminal portion and/or Using a capacitor, the strength of the electric field applied to the active liquid crystal layer can be adjusted.
- the above-described driving means and the electric potential difference control means can be appropriately arranged in consideration of the transmittance control efficiency or the energy efficiency of the optical element.
- the resistor or the entire capacitor may be additionally included.
- the external power source may be connected to the second area via the resistor or the entire capacitor. This configuration makes it easier to control the strength and/or state of the power applied to the second area. The mode can be implemented more easily.
- the type of the resistor or the capacitor that can be applied in this application is not particularly limited, and the means of the notice can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the method of manufacturing the optical device in this application is not particularly limited.
- the optical device may be manufactured through an autoclave process for encapsulation described above.
- an optical film and/or a polarization layer between the first and second outer substrates disposed oppositely is used as an adhesive film.
- It may include the step of encapsulating through an autoclave process.
- specific matters including the difference in the curvature of the first and second outer substrates are as described above.
- the autoclave process is performed on the purpose of the encapsulation structure between the outer substrates.
- an optical device as shown in FIG. 7 Can be formed.
- the conditions of the autoclave process are not particularly limited, and for example, it can be carried out under an appropriate temperature and pressure depending on the type of adhesive film applied.
- the temperature of the normal autoclave process is about 80 O C or higher, It is not less than 90 O C or more than 100 O C, and the pressure is more than 2 atmospheres, but it is not limited thereto.
- the upper limit of the process temperature is about 200 O C or less, 190 O C or less, 180 O C or less, or 170 O C or less
- the upper limit of the process pressure may be about W atm or less, 9 atm or less, 8 atm or less, 7 atm or less, or 6 atm or less.
- eyewear such as eyewear, exterior walls of buildings or ship roofs for vehicles.
- the optical element may itself be a vehicle ship roof.
- the optical element or the vehicle sunroof mounted on the opening may be mounted and used.
- a sunroof is a fixed or actuating (venting or sliding) opening in the ceiling of a vehicle, and is a collective term that refers to a device that can function to allow light or fresh air to flow into the interior of the vehicle.
- the method of operation of the sunroof is not particularly limited, for example, it can be operated manually or it can be driven by a motor, and the shape, size or style of the sunroof may be appropriately selected according to the intended application.
- the sunroof is a pop-up type sunroof, a spoiler (tile & slide) type sunroof, an in-built type sunroof, folding type sunroof, top-mount type sunroof, and panoramic roof.
- System type sunroof, removable roof panels (t-tops or targa roofts) type sunroof, or solar type sunroof may be exemplified, but not limited thereto.
- the exemplary sunroof of this application may include the optical element of this application, and in this case, the specific details of the optical element may be the same as those described in the item of the optical element.
- This application provides an optical device that can be implemented in various modes and has excellent durability.
- 1 to 4 are side views of exemplary optical films.
- 5 to 7 are side views of exemplary optical devices.
- FIG. 8 is an exemplary side view of an optical film implementing a gradation mode.
- FIG 9 is an exemplary side view of an optical film implementing a uniform transmission mode.
- Fig. W is a diagram showing an area in which light transmittance is measured in the test example of this application. Modes for the implementation of the invention
- the transmittance control area of the optical device was arbitrarily divided and the transmittance in each area was measured. Specifically, as shown in Fig. W, the optical device's light transmittance was measured. The transmittance control area was divided into 12 areas of the same area, and the light transmittance was measured for each area. Fig. W shows a case where the light transmittance control area of an optical element is viewed from the front.
- the light transmittance is NDH-N of Nippon Denshoku Corporation. It was measured according to ISO 13468 standard using 5000SP.
- an optical modulation layer (33 ⁇ 4 (to prepare an optical film having a 311 £ 0 line non-liquid layer. 2 sheets of 1> (: 0 ⁇ 3115011 ⁇ film (figure 1) with 11,0 (111 (off 11111 0) electrode layers (120, 140 in Fig. 1) and liquid crystal alignment film (not shown in Fig. 1) sequentially formed) on one side 1 of 110, 150) of about 13 ⁇ 4/01
- a liquid crystal host Merck's MAT-16-969 liquid crystal
- a dichroic dye guest between them in the opposite position to be maintained. Company, 12) was injected, and the border was sealed with a sealant to produce an optical film.
- the opposing arrangement of the films was made so that the surfaces on which the alignment films were formed are facing each other.
- the 311 liquid crystal layer is in a horizontal orientation when no voltage is applied, and can be switched to a vertical orientation by applying a voltage.
- Transmittance control that can apply an electric field to the optical film from an external power source on the outside
- terminals (161, 162) were formed as shown in Fig. 1 to form a second area.
- one terminal (161) was formed on the electrode layer on the first base film
- the second After forming one terminal (162) also on the electrode layer on the base film the base film was arranged so that they were alternated (that is, only the left terminal on the middle plane of the terminal 161 on the first base film in Fig. 1 is formed, and the second Among the terminals on the base film (162), only the terminal on the right is formed).
- An optical element was manufactured by encapsulating a thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive film (thickness: about 0.38 111111, manufacturer: Sho-A, product name: show 3 ⁇ 4013 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ).
- a glass substrate with a thickness of about 3111111 was used as the outer substrate.
- a substrate having a radius of curvature of about 30 (the first outer substrate) and a substrate having a radius of curvature of about 00 (the second outer substrate) were used.
- the first outer substrate, the adhesive film, the optical film, the adhesive film, the polarization The layer, the adhesive film, and the second outer substrate were laminated in the above order, and the adhesive film was also placed on all sides of the optical film to produce a laminate (the second outer substrate is in the direction of gravity compared to the first outer substrate. Arrangement). After that, an autoclave process was performed at a temperature of about 0° (: and a pressure of about 2 atmospheres) to manufacture an optical device.
- a super-liquid crystal alignment film (not shown in Fig. 1) is sequentially formed in two sheets of 1> (: 0 ⁇ 3115011).
- the liquid crystal host Merck's MAT-16-969 liquid crystal
- the dichroic dye guest A mixture of 2020/175849 1» (:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002452 12) was injected, and an optical film was produced by sealing the border with a sealant.
- the opposing arrangement of the films was made so that the surfaces on which the alignment films were formed are facing each other.
- the (311 liquid crystal layer) is in a horizontal orientation when no voltage is applied, and can be switched to a vertical orientation by applying a voltage.
- Transmittance control means that can apply an electric field to the optical film from an external power source on the outside.
- Transmittance control means KP's 10/1601- 1531 5 -5 ()0 and SMG 1 channel relay
- terminals (161, 162) were formed as shown in Fig. 1 to form a second area.
- one terminal (161) was formed on the electrode layer on the first base film
- the second After forming one terminal (162) on the electrode layer on the base film the base film was arranged so that they face each other (that is, only the terminal on the right side of the middle plane of the terminal 161 on the first base film in Fig. 1 is formed, and the second Among the terminals on the base film (162), only the terminal on the right is formed).
- Thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive film (thickness: about 0.38) Manufacturer: Sho Asa, Product Name: Show 3 ⁇ 4013 ⁇ 4 ⁇ encapsulated to manufacture optical elements.
- a glass substrate with a thickness of about 3111111 was used as the outer substrate, and a substrate with a radius of curvature of about 30 factors (the first outer substrate) was over-curved.
- a substrate with a rate radius of 00 factor (the second outer substrate) was used.
- the first outer substrate, the adhesive film, the optical film, the adhesive film, the polarizing layer, the adhesive film, and the second outer substrate were in the above order.
- the adhesive film was placed on all sides of the optical film to produce a laminate (the second outer substrate was placed in the direction of gravity compared to the first outer substrate).
- An optical device was manufactured by performing an autoclave process at a pressure of about 2 atmospheres.
- a super-liquid crystal alignment film (not shown in Fig. 1) is sequentially formed in two sheets of 1> (: 0 ⁇ 3115011 ⁇ film (110, 150 in Fig. 1)
- a liquid crystal host Merck's MAT-16-969 liquid crystal
- a dichroic dye guest between them in the opposite position to be maintained. Company, 12
- the opposing arrangement of the films was made so that the surfaces on which the alignment films were formed are facing each other.
- the 311 liquid crystal layer is in a horizontal orientation when no voltage is applied, and can be switched to a vertical orientation by applying a voltage.
- Transmittance control means that can apply an electric field to the optical film from an external power source on the outside.
- relay 2020/175849 1» (: 1 ⁇ 1 (2020/002452 module (SZH-EK082)
- terminals (161, 162) were formed as shown in Fig. 1 to form a second area (areas A to D).
- optical film and PVA (polyvinylalcohol) polarization layer are identical to the optical film and PVA (polyvinylalcohol) polarization layer.
- An optical device was manufactured by encapsulating a thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive film (thickness: about 0.38 mm, manufacturer: Argotec, product name: ArgoFlex) in the middle.
- a glass substrate with a thickness of about 3 mm was used as the outer substrate, and a radius of curvature was used.
- the first outer substrate (the first outer substrate) and the second outer substrate with a curvature radius of W30R were used.
- the adhesive film and the second outer substrate were laminated in the above order, and the adhesive film was also placed on all sides of the optical film to prepare a laminate (the second outer substrate was placed in the direction of gravity compared to the first outer substrate).
- an autoclave process was performed at a temperature of about W0 O C and a pressure of about 2 atmospheres to manufacture an optical device.
- optical film terminals (161, 162) of the optical device manufactured in Preparation Example 3 were 60 Hz
- the transmittance control means It can be seen that the optical device can be easily implemented in various modes.
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Abstract
본 출원은 광학 소자 및 그 용도에 대한 것이다. 본 출원의 광학 필름(100)은 대향 배치된 제1 기재 필름(110)과 제2 기재 필름(150), 및 제 1 및 2 기재 필름(110, 150)사이에 광변조층(130)을 구비하고, 투과도 조절 수단(160)으로부터 광학 필름(100)에 전계를 인가하여 다양한 모드의 구현이 가능한, 내구성이 우수한 광학 소자를 제공한다.
Description
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 명세서
발명의명칭:광학소자
기술분야
[1] 본출원은 2019년 02월 25일자제출된대한민국특허출원
제 10-2019-0021759호, 2019년 02월 25일자제출된대한민국특허출원
제 10-2019-0021761호및 2019년 02월 25일자제출된대한민국특허출원 제 10-2019-0021760호에기초한우선권의이익을주장하며,해당대한민국 특허출원의문헌에개시된모든내용은본명세서의일부로서포함된다.
四 본출원은광학소자에관한것이다.
배경기술
[3] 액정화합물을이용하여투과율을가변할수있도록설계된광학소자는
다양하게알려져있다.
[4] 예를들면,주로액정화합물인호스트물질 (host material)과이색성염료
게스트 (dichroic dye guest)의혼합물을적용한소위 GH(Guest host)방식을사용한 투과율가변장치가알려져있고,상기장치에서호스트물질로주로액정 화합물이사용된다.이러한투과율가변장치는, TV나모니터등의일반 디스플레이장치는물론선글라스나안경등의아이웨어 (eyewear),건물외벽 또는차량의선루프등을포함한다양한용도에적용되고있다.
발명의상세한설명
기술적과제
[5] 본출원은,광학소자를제공한다.
과제해결수단
[6] 이하,첨부된도면등을참조하여본출원을상세히설명한다.첨부된도면은본 출원의 예시적인실시형태를도시한것으로,이는본출원의이해를돕도록하기 위해제공된다.첨부된도면에서,각층및영역을명확하게표현하기위해 두께는확대하여나타낸것일수있고,도면에표시된두께,크기및비율등에 의해본출원의범위가제한되는것은아니다.
[7] 본명세서에서언급하는물성중에서측정온도나,압력이결과에영향을
미치는경우에특별히달리규정하지않는한,해당물성은상온과상압에서 측정한것이다.
[8] 본명세서에서용어 「상온」 은,가온하거나감은하지않은자연그대로의 온도로서,일반적으로약 10OC내지 30OC의범위내의어느한온도,약 23OC또는 약 25OC정도의온도일수있다.
[9] 본명세서에서용어 「상압」 은,특별히줄이거나,높이지않은자연그대로의 압력으로서 ,일반적으로대기압과같은 1기압정도의압력을의미한다.
[1이 본출원은광학소자에관한것이다.상기광학소자는광학필름을포함할수
2020/175849 1»(:1/10公020/002452 있다.도 1은본출원의광학소자에포함되는예시적인광학필름의측면도이다. 도 1에도시한것처럼,본출원의광학필름 (100)은대향배치된제 1기재 필름 (no)과제 2기재필름 (150)을포함하고,상기제 1및 2기재필름 (110, 150) 사이에광변조층 (130)을포함할수있다.
[11] 상기광학소자는,투과도조절수단 (160)을포함할수있다.상기투과도조절 수단 (160)은,외부전원으로부터상기광학필름 (100)에전계를인가할수있는 수단일수있다.
[12] 광학필름 (100)은,상기제 1및제 2기재필름 (no, 150)의서로대향하는
면에는각각형성되어 있는제 1및제 2전극층 (120, 140)을추가로포함할수 있다.
[13] 기재필름으로는,예를들면,유리등으로되는무기필름또는플라스틱필름 등이사용될수있다.플라스틱필름으로는, TAC(triacetyl cellulose)필름;
노르보르넨유도체등의 COP(cyclo olefin copolymer)필름; PMMA(poly(metiyl methacrylate)등의 크릴필름; PC(polycarbonate)필름; PE(polyethylene)필름; PP(polypropylene)필름; PVA(poly vinyl alcohol)필름; DAC(diacetyl cellulose) 필름; Pac(Polyacrylate)필름; PES(poly ether sulfone)필름;
PEEK(polyetheretherketon)필름; PPS(polyphenylsulfone)필름, PEI(polyetherimide) 필름; PEN(polyethylenemaphthatlate)필름; PET (poly ethy leneterephtalate)필름; Pl(polyimide)필름; PSF(polysulfone)필름; PAR(polyarylate)필름또는불소수지 필름등이사용될수있지만,이에제한되는것은아니다.기재필름에는,필요에 따라서금,은,이산화규소또는일산화규소등의규소화합물의코팅증이나, 반사방지층등의코팅층이존재할수도있다.
[14] 기재필름으로는,소정범위의위상차를가지는필름이사용될수있다.일
예시에서상기기재필름은정면위상차가 100 nm이하일수있다.상기정면 위상차는다른예시에서약 95 nm이하,약 90 nm이하,약 85 nm이하,약 80 nm 이하,약 75 nm이하,약 70 nm이하,약 65 nm이하,약 60 nm이하,약 55 nm이하, 약 50 nm이하,약 45 nm이하,약 40 nm이하,약 35 nm이하,약 30 nm이하,약 25 nm이하,약 20 nm이하,약 15 nm이하,약 10 nm이하,약 5 nm이하,약 4 nm 이하,약 3 nm이하,약 2 nm이하,약 1 nm이하또는약 0.5 nm이하일수있다. 상기정면위상차는다른예시에서약 0 nm이상,약 1 nm이상,약 2 nm이상,약 3 nm이상,약 4 nm이상,약 5 nm이상,약 6 nm이상,약 7 nm이상,약 8 nm이상, 약 9 nm이상,또는약 9.5 nm이상일수있다.
[15] 기재필름의두께방향위상차의절대값은,예를들면, 200 nm이하일수있다. 상기두께방향위상차의절대값은다른예시에서 190 nm이하, 180 nm이하, 170 nm이하, 160 nm이하, 150 nm이하, 140 nm이하, 130 nm이하, 120 nm이하, 110 nm이하, 100 nm이하, 90 nm이하, 85 nm이하, 80 nm이하, 70 nm이하, 60 nm 이하, 50 nm이하, 40 nm이하, 30 nm이하, 20 nm이하, 10 nm이하, 5 nm이하, 4 nm이하, 3 nm이하, 2 nm이하, 1 nm이하또는 0.5 nm이하일수있고, 0 nm이상,
2020/175849 1»(:1/10公020/002452
10 !!이상, 20 !!이상, 30 !!이상, 40 !!이상, 50 !!이상, 60 !!이상, 70 !! 이상또는 75 11111이상일수있다.상기두께방향위상차는절대값이상기범위 내라면음수이거나,양수일수있으며,예를들면,음수일수있다.
[16] 본명세서에서용어 「정면위상차 )」 는,하기 일반식 1로계산되는
수치이고,용어 「두께방향위상차 (¾¾」 는,하기 일반식 2로계산되는 수치이며,특별히 달리규정하지 않는한,상기 정면및두께방향위상차의기준 파장은약 550 11111이다.
[17] [일반식 1]
[18] 정면위상차 ) = (1 X (1« - 1 )
[19] [일반식 2]
[21] 일반식 1및 2에서 (1는기재필름의두께이고, 는기재필름의지상축방향의 굴절률이며, 는기재필름의 진상축방향의굴절률이고, 는기재필름의두께 방향의굴절률이다.
[22] 기재필름이 광학이방성인경우에 대향배치되어 있는기재필름들의
지상축들이 이루는각도는,예를들면,약 0도내지 도의 범위내, - 7도내지 7도의 범위내, - 5도내지 5도의 범위내또는 - 3도내지 3도의범위 내이거나대략 평행할수있다.또한,상기 기재필름의지상축과후술하는편광층의광 흡수축이 이루는각도는,예를들면,약 0도내지 도의 범위내, - 7도내지 7도의 범위내, - 5도내지 5도의 범위내또는 - 3도내지 3도의범위 내이거나대략 평행할수있거나,혹은약 80도내지 100도의 범위내,약 83도내지 97도의범위 내,약 85도내지 95도의범위 내또는약 87도내지 92도의 범위내이거나대략 수직일수있다.
[23] 상기와같은위상차조절또는지상축의 배치를통해서 광학적으로우수하고 균일한투과및차단모드의구현이가능할수있다.
[24] 기재필름은,열팽창계수가 100 있다.상기 열팽창계수는, 다른여'!시어'!서 95 ppm/K이하·, 90
m/K이하·, 80 ppm/K이하·, 75 ppm/K이하, 70 ppm/K이하또는 65 ppm/K이하이거나, 10 ppm/K이상, 20 ppm/K 이상, 30 ppm/K이상, 40 ppm/K이상, 50 ppm/K이상또는 55 ppm/K이상일수 있다.기재필름의 열팽창계수는,예를들면,쇼 ^1 0696의규정에 따라측정할 수있고,해당규격에서 제공하는형태로필름을재단하고,단위온도당길이의 변화를측정하여 열팽창계수를계산할수있으며, TMA(ThemloMechanic 쇼 切 등의 공지의방식으로측정할수있다.
[25] 기재필름으로는,파단신율이 90%이상인기재필름을사용할수있다.상기 파단신율은 95%이상, 100%이상, 105%이상, 110%이상, 115%이상, 120% 이상, 125%이상, 130%이상, 135%이상, 140%이상, 145%이상, 150%이상,
155%이상, 160%이상, 165%이상, 170%이상또는 175%이상일수있고,
1,000%이하, 900%이하, 800%이하, 700%이하, 600%이하, 500%이하, 400%
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 이하, 300%이하또는 200%이하일수있다.기재필름의파단신율은 ASTM D882규격에따라측정할수있고,해당규격에서제공하는형태로필름을 재단하고, Stress-Strain curve를측정할수있는장비 (힘과길이를동시에측정할 수있는)를이용하여측정할수있다.
[26] 기재필름이상기열팽창계수및/또는파단신율을가지도록선택되는것에 의해보다우수한내구성의광학소자가제공될수있다.
[27] 상기광학필름에서기재필름의두께는특별히제한되지않으며,통상적으로 약 내지 200 /ffli정도의범위내일수있다.
[28] 본명세서에서상기제 1전극층이형성되어있는제 1기재필름을제 1전극 기재필름이라지칭하고,상기제 2전극층이형성되어 있는제 2기재필름을제 2전극기재필름이라지칭할수있다.
[29] 상기전극기재필름은,예를들면가시광영역에서투광성을가질수있다. 하나의 예시에서 ,전극기재필름은가시광영역 ,예를들면,약 400 nm내지 700 nm범위내의어느한파장또는 550 nm파장의광에대한투과도가 80%이상, 85%이상또는 90%이상일수있다.상기투과도는그수치가높을수록유리한 것으로그상한은특별히제한되지않으며,예를들면,약상기투과도는약 100% 이하또는 100%미만정도일수도있다.
[3이 전극기재필름상에형성되는전극층의소재는특별히제한되지않으며,광학 소자분야에서전극층을형성하는것에적용되는소재라면특별한제한없이 이용될수있다.
[31] 예를들면,전극층으로는,금속산화물;금속와이어;금속나노튜브;금속
메쉬;탄소나노튜브;그래핀;또는전도성폴리머나이들의복합재료등을 이용하여형성되는전극층이적용될수있다.
[32] 하나의예시에서 ,전극층으로는,안티몬 (Sb),바륨 (Ba),갈륨 (Ga),게르마늄 (Ge), 하프늄 (Hf),인듐 (In),란티늄 (La),마그네슘 (Mg),셀렌 (Se),알루미늄 (A1), 규소 (Si),탄탈 (Ta),티타늄 (Ti),바나듐 (V),이트륨 (Y),아연 (Zn)및
지르코늄 (Zr)으로이루어진군으로부터선택되는 1종이상의금속을포함하는 금속산화물층이이용될수있다.
[33] 전극층의두께는본출원의목적을손상시키지않는범위내에서적절히
선택될수있다.통상적으로전극층의두께는 50 nm내지 300 nm의범위내또는 70nm내지 200 nm범위내일수있지만,이에제한되는것은아니다.전극층은, 전술한소재로되는단층구조이거나,또는적층구조일수있고,적층구조일 경우,각층을구성하는소재는동일하거나,또는상이할수있다.
[34] 상기전극기재필름은,상기제 1및제 2기재필름상에상기전극층을
형성하여얻을수있다.
[35] 본출원에서상기전극층은,광변조층에외부에너지에해당하는전계를
인가하는부위 (이하,제 1영역으로호칭할수있다.)와상기전계를인가할수 있도록상기전극층을외부전원과연결하는부위 (이하,제 2영역으로호칭할수
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 있다.)를포함할수있다.상기 2개의부위는서로물리적으로분리된부위혹은 물리적으로연속되어 있는부위이거나,또는실질적으로서로중복되어 있는 부위일수도있다.통상적으로상기제 1영역은,대략적으로광학소자의 구조에서상기광학소자를그표면의 법선방향을따라서 관찰할때에 광변조층과중복되는영역이고,제 2영역은외부단자등이 형성된영역 (예를 들면,도 1의 161, 162)일수있다.
[36] 전극기재필름에서상기 제 2영역은각전극기재필름의 전극층에 1개또는 2개또는 2개 이상형성되어 있을수있다.상기제 2영역은기재필름의 테두리에 형성되어 있을수있다.즉,상기 제 2영역은상기 기재필름의 테두리 부근의 면상에 형성되어 있을수있다.이러한제 2영역은예를들면,외부 전원과연결되는단자를형성하여 형성할수있다.
[37] 상기제 2영역이 각전극기재필름에 1개씩 형성되어 있는경우에는상기제 1 기재필름상의 전극층의상기제 2영역과상기제 2기재필름상의 전극층의 상기 제 2영역은서로마주보도록배치되어 있거나,혹은서로마주보지 않도록 배치되어 있을수있다.
[38] 제 2영역이서로마주보도록배치되는경우는,도 1을참조하면,제 1기재
필름 (110)상의 전극층 (120)상의 2개의단자 (161)중도면상오른쪽에만단자가 형성되는경우에하부기재필름 (150)상의 전극층 (140)상의 2개의단자 (162) 중에서도도면상오른쪽에만단자가형성된경우이거나,혹은제 1기재 필름 (110)상의 전극층 (120)상의 2개의단자 (161)중도면상왼쪽에만단자가 형성되는경우에하부기재필름 (150)상의 전극층 (140)상의 2개의단자 (162) 중에서도도면상왼쪽에만단자가형성된경우일수있다.이러한형태는 후술하는모드중에서그라데이션모드의구현을위해구성된형태일수있다.
[39] 상기제 2영역이 각전극기재필름에 1개씩 형성되고,상기 제 1기재필름상의 전극층의상기제 2영역과상기제 2기재필름상의 전극층의상기제 2영역은 서로마주보지 않도록배치되는경우에는측면관찰시에제 1기재필름상의제 2영역과제 2기재필름상의제 2영역이서로엇갈리도록배치되어 있을수 있다.도 1을참조하면,제 1기재필름 ( 0)상의 전극층 (120)상의 2개의 단자 (161)중도면상오른쪽에만단자가형성되는경우에하부기재
필름 (150)상의 전극층 (140)상의 2개의단자 (162)중에서도도면상왼쪽에만 단자가형성된경우이거나,혹은제 1기재필름 ( 0)상의 전극층 (120)상의 2개의 단자 (161)중도면상왼쪽에만단자가형성되는경우에하부기재필름 (150)상의 전극층 (140)상의 2개의 단자 (162)중에서도도면상오른쪽에만단자가형성된 경우일수있다.이러한형태는후술하는모드중에서균일투과모드의구현을 위해구성된형태일수있다.
[4이 다른예시에서상기제 2영역은전술한형태를모두포함하면서 이들간의
스위칭이 가능하도록형성되어 있을수도있다.
[41] 이러한경우에는전극기재필름에서상기 제 2영역은,각기재필름의서로
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 마주보는테두리에각각형성되어 있을수있다.즉,이러한경우에 ,전극기재 필름에서 제 2영역은적어도 2개존재할수있으며 ,상기 제 2영역은기재 필름의 전극층이 형성되어 있는면을관찰한때에서로마주보는테두리의 부근의 면상에각각형성되어 있을수있다.
[42] 위와같은경우에본명세서에서는제 1전극기재필름의 2개의제 2영역중 어느하나는쇼영역으로부르고,다른하나는 6영역으로부르며,제 2전극기재 필름의 2개의제 2영역중어느하나는(:영역으로부르고,다른하나는 D 영역으로부를수있다.
[43] 광학소자에서 제 1및 2기재필름은,상기쇼영역과(:영역이서로대향하고, 상기:8영역과 I)영역이서로대향하도록배치되어 있을수있다.
[44] 본출원의 광학필름은,상기 제 1및제 2기재필름의사이에 광변조층을
포함할수있다.이러한광변조층은,일예시에서 적어도액정 화합물을가지는 능동액정층일수있다.용어능동액정층은,액정화합물을포함하는층이고, 외부에너지를통해상기 액정 화합물의 배향상태를변경할수있는층을 의미할수있다.상기 능동액정층을이용해서 ,광학소자는투과모드와차단 모드를포함한다양한모드들의사이를선택적으로스위칭할수있고,따라서 상기 능동액정층은광변조층이될수있다.
[45] 본명세서에서용어투과모드는투과율이 약 10%이상,약 15%이상,약 20% 이상,약 25%이상, 30%이상,약 35%이상,약 40%이상,약 45%이상또는약 50%이상인상태를의미할수있다.또한,차단모드는,투과율이 약 20%이하,약 15%이하,약 10%이하또는약 5%이하정도인상태를의미할수있다.상기 투과모드에서의투과율은수치가높을수록유리하고,차단모드에서의 투과율은낮을수록유리하기 때문에각각의상한과하한은특별히제한되지 않는다.일 예시에서상기투과모드에서의투과율의상한은약 100%,약 95%,약 90%,약 85%,약 80%,약 75%,약 70%,약 65%또는약 60%일수있다.상기차단 모드에서의투과율의하한은약 0%,약 1%,약 2%,약 3%,약 4%,약 5%,약 6%, 약 7%,약 8%,약 9%또는약 일수있다.
[46] 상기투과율은직진광투과율일수있다.용어 직진광투과율은소정방향으로 광학소자를입사한광대비상기 입사방향과동일한방향으로상기 광학 소자를투과한광(직진광)의비율일수있다.일 예시에서상기투과율은,상기 광학소자의표면법선과평행한방향으로입사한광에 대하여측정한 결과(법선광투과율)일수있다.
[47] 광학소자에서투과율이조절되는광은, 1八^-쇼영역의자외선,가시광또는 근적외선일수있다.일반적으로사용되는정의에 따르면, 1八^-쇼영역의 자외선은 320 11111내지 380 11111의범위 내의파장을갖는방사선을의미하는 것으로사용되고,가시광은 380 11111내지 780 11111의 범위내의 파장을갖는 방사선을의미하는것으로사용되며,근저외선은 780 11111내지 2000 11111의 범위 내의 파장을갖는방사선을의미하는것으로사용된다.
2020/175849 1»(:1/10公020/002452 본명세서에서용어외부에너지는,상기능동액정증내에포함되어 있는액정 화합물의 배향을변화시킬수있을정도의수준으로외부에서 인가되는 에너지를의미한다.일예시에서 ,상기 외부에너지는상기 전극층을통해 유도되는외부전압에 의해생성된전계일수있다.
[49] 예를들면,능동액정층은액정 화합물의 배향상태가상기 외부에너지의 인가 여부,그크기 및/또는인가위치등에의해 변화하면서상술한투과모드와차단 모드의사이를스위칭하거나,기타모드의사이를스위칭할수있다.
상기에서기타모드로는후술하는제 1및제 2모드등이 예시될수있다. 일예시에서상기능동액정층은,소위 게스트호스트액정층으로불리우는 액정층일수있으며,이러한경우에는상기 능동액정층은,상기 액정화합물과 함께 이방성 염료를추가로포함할수있다.게스트호스트액정층은,소위 게스트호스트효과 (Guest Host Effect)를이용한액정층으로서 ,상기 액정 화합물 (이하,액정호스트라칭할수있다)의 배향방향에따라상기 이방성 염료가정렬되는액정층이다.상기 액정호스트의 배향방향은배향막및/또는 전술한외부에너지를사용하여조절할수있다.
액정층에사용되는액정호스트의종류는특별히 제한되지 않고,게스트 호스트효과의구현을위해적용되는일반적인종류의 액정화합물이사용될수 있다.
[53] 예를들면,상기 액정호스트로는,스멕틱 액정화합물,네마틱 액정화합물 또는콜레스테릭 액정 화합물이사용될수있다.일반적으로는네마틱 액정 화합물이사용될수있다.용어 네마틱 액정화합물은,액정분자의위치에 대한 규칙성은없지만,모두분자축방향으로질서를가지고배열할수있는액정 화합물을의미하고,이러한액정 화합물은막대 (rod)형태이거나원반 (discotic) 형태일수있다.
이러한네마틱 액정화합물은예를들면,약 40OC이상,약 50OC이상,약 60OC 이상,약 70OC이상,약 80OC이상,약 90OC이상,약 100°C이상또는약 110OC 이상이상의등명점 (clearing point)를가지거나,상기 범위의상전이점 ,즉 네마틱상에서등방상으로의상전이점을가지는것이선택될수있다.일 예시에서상기등명점또는상전이점은약 160OC이하,약 150OC이하또는약 140OC이하일수있다.
[55] 상기 액정 화합물은,유전율이방성이 음수또는양수일수있다.상기유전율 이방성의 절대값은목적을고려하여 적절히선택될수있다.예를들면,상기 유전율이방성은 3초과또는 7초과이거나, -2미만또는 -3미만일수있다. 액정화합물은또한약 0.01이상또는약 0.04이상의 광학이방성 (An)을가질 수있다.액정화합물의 광학이방성은다른예시에서 약 0.3이하또는약 0.27 이하일수있다.
[571 게스트호스트액정층의 액정호스트로사용될수있는액정화합물은본기술 분야에서 공지되어 있다.
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452
[58] 액정층이상기 게스트호스트액정층인경우에상기 액정층은상기 액정
호스트와함께 이방성 염료를포함할수있다.용어 「염료」 는,가시광영역 , 예를들면, 380 11111내지 780 11111파장범위내에서 적어도일부또는전체범위 내의 광을집중적으로흡수및/또는변형시킬수있는물질을의미할수있고, 용어 「이방성 염료」 는상기가시광영역의 적어도일부또는전체범위에서 광의 이방성흡수가가능한물질을의미할수있다.
[59] 이방성 염료로는,예를들면,액정호스트의 정렬상태에 따라정렬될수있는 특성을가지는것으로알려진공지의 염료를선택하여사용할수있다.예를 들면,이방성 염료로는,아조염료또는안트라퀴논염료등을사용할수있고, 넓은파장범위에서의 광흡수를달성하기위해서 액정층은 1종또는 2종이상의 염료를포함할수도있다.
[6이 이방성 염료의 이색비 ((110^010 )는목적을고려하여 적절히선택될수
있다.예를들어 ,상기 이방성 염료는이색비가 5내지 20의범위 내일수있다. 용어 「이색비」 는,예를들어, 형 염료인경우,염료의장축방향에평행한 편광의흡수를상기장축방향에수직하는방향에 평행한편광의흡수로나눈 값을의미할수있다.이방성 염료는가시광영역의 파장범위 내 ,예를들면,약 380 11111내지 780 11111또는약 400 11111내지 700 11111의 파장범위 내에서 적어도 일부의 파장또는어느한파장또는전범위에서상기 이색비를가질수있다.
[61] 액정층내에서의 이방성 염료의 함량은목적을고려하여 적절히선택될수
있다.예를들어 ,액정호스트와이방성 염료의 합계중량을기준으로상기 이방성 염료의함량은 0.1내지 10중량%범위 내에서선택될수있다.이방성 염료의 비율은목적하는투과율과액정호스트에 대한이방성 염료의용해도 등을고려하여 변경할수있다.
[62] 액정층은상기 액정호스트와이방성 염료를기본적으로포함하고,필요한
경우에다른임의의 첨가제를공지의 형태에따라추가로포함할수있다.
첨가제의 예로는,키랄도펀트또는안정화제등이 예시될수있지만,이에 제한되는것은아니다.
[63] 상기 액정층의두께는,예를들면,목적하는모드구현에 적합하도록적절히 선택될수있다.일 예시에서상기 액정층의두께는,약 0.04011이상, 0.0하011
일반적으로약 30 [,1111이하, 25 [,1111이하, 20 111이하또는 15 111이하일수있다.
[64] 상기와같은능동액정층또는이를포함하는상기 광학필름은,제 1배향
상태와상기제 1배향상태와는다른제 2배향상태의사이를스위칭할수있다. 상기스위칭은,예를들면,전압과같은외부에너지의 인가를통해조절할수 있다.예를들면,전압무인가상태에서상기 제 1및제 2배향상태중에서 어느
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 한상태가유지되다가,전압인가에의해다른배향상태로스위칭될수있다.
[65] 상기제 1및제 2배향상태는,일예시에서 ,각각수평배 ¾수직배 ¾
스프레이배향,경사배향,트위스트네마틱배향또는콜레스테릭배향 상태에서선택될수있다.예를들면,차단모드에서액정층또는광학필름은, 적어도수평배향,트위스트네마틱배향또는콜레스테릭배향이고,투과 모드에서 액정층또는광학필름은,수직배향또는상기차단모드의수평 배향과는다른방향의광축을가지는수평배향상태일있다.액정소자는,전압 무인가상태에서상기차단모드가구현되는통상차단모드 (Normally Black Mode)의소자이거나,전압무인가상태에서상기투과모드가구현되는통상 투과모드 (Normally Transparent Mode)를구현할수있다.
[66] 위와같은능동액정층은다양한모드를가질수있다.능동액정층은,예를 들어 ,전압제어복굴절 (ECB: Electrically Controlled Birefringence)모드, 트위스티드네마틱 (TN: Twisted Nematic)모드또는슈퍼트위스티드
네마틱 (STN: Super Twisted Nematic)모드로구동될수있으나,이에제한되는 것은아니며,이러한능동액정층의구동모드에따라능동액정층내액정 화합물의정렬특성이달라질수있다.
[67] 하나의예시에서 ,능동액정층의하나의배향상태에서 액정화합물은
후술하는편광층의흡수축과어느하나의각도를이루도록배향된상태로 존재하거나,편광층의흡수축과수평또는수직을이루도록배향된상태로 존재하거나,또는트위스티드배향된상태로존재할수있다.
[68] 본명세서에서용어 「트위스티드배향된상태」 는,능동액정층의광축이 능동액정층의평면에대하여,약 0도내지 15도,약 0도내지 W도,약 0도내지
5도범위내의경사각을가지고수평배향되어있으나,능동액정층에포함되어 있는이웃하는액정화합물의장축방향의각도는조금씩변하여비틀어져 배열되어 있는상태를의미할수있다.
[69] 전술한바와같이,능동액정층내액정화합물은외부작용의인가에의하여 정렬특성이변경될수있다.
P이 하나의예시에서,외부작용이없는상태에서 ,능동액정층이수평배향인경우 외부작용의인가에의하여수직배향상태로스위칭함으로써투과도를높일수 있다.
1] 다른예시에서,외부작용이없는상태에서 ,능동액정층이수직배향인경우 외부작용의인가에의하여수평배향상태로스위칭함으로써투과도를 감소시킬수있다.또한,초기수직배향상태에서수평배향상태로스위칭함에 있어서,액정화합물의배향방향을결정하기위하여일정방향의프리틸트 (Pre Tilt)가필요할수있다.상기에서프리틸트를부여하는방식은특별히제한되지 않고,예를들어의도하는프리틸트를부여할수있도록적절한배향막을 배치하는것에의하여가능하다.
2] 또한,상기에서능동액정층이이방성염료를추가로포함하고액정화합물이
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 수직배향된상태에서는,이방성염료의정렬방향이하부에존재하는편광층의 평면에대하여수직을이루므로편광층을투과한광이능동액정층의이방성 염료에흡수되지않고투과될수있고,이를통해광학소자의투과도를 증가시킬수있다.반면,능동액정층의액정화합물이수평배향된상태에서는, 이방성염료의정렬방향이하부에존재하는편광층의평면에대하여평행을 이루고있으므로,능동액정층의광축이편광층의흡수축에대하여소정의 각도를가지도록배치하는경우,편광층을투과한광의일부를이방성염료에 흡수시킬수있고,이를통해광학소자의투과도를감소시킬수있다.
3] 하나의예시에서 ,광학소자는외부작용이존재하는상태에서 ,가시광영역의 투과도가 15%이상인투과모드가구현되고,외부작용이존재하지않는 상태에서,가시광영역의투과도가 3%이하인차단모드가구현될수있다.4] 능동액정층이 TN모드또는 STN모드로구동하는경우,능동액정층은
키랄제 (chiral agent)를추가로포함할수있다.키랄제는상기 액정화합물 및/또는이방성염료의분자배열이나선구조를갖도록유도할수있다.상기 키랄제로는,액정성,예를들면,네마틱규칙성을손상시키지않고,목적하는 나선구조를유발할수있는것이라면,특별히제한되지않고사용될수있다. 액정에나선구조를유발하기위한키랄제는분자구조중에
키랄리티 (chirality)를적어도포함할필요가있다.키랄제로는,예를들면, 1개 또는 2개이상의비대칭탄소 (asy mmetric carbon)를가지는화합물,키랄아민 또는키랄술폭시드등의헤테로원자상에비대칭점 (asy mmetric point)이 있는 화합물또는쿠물렌 (cumulene)또는비나프톨 (binaphthol)등의죽부제를가지는 광학활성인부위 (axially asy mmetric optically active site)를가지는화합물이 예시될수있다.키랄제는예를들면분자량이 1,500이하인저분자화합물일수 있다.키랄제로는,시판되는키랄네마틱 액정 ,예를들면, Merck사에서시판되는 키랄도판트액정 S-811또는 BASF사의 LC756등을사용할수도있다.
5] 액정화합물의배향상태에따라액정층의가시광에대한투과도가
결정되므로,외부작용에의해액정화합물이배향되는양태를조절하면 그라데이션모드와균일투과모드의구현이가능하다.
6] 액정층의배향상태에서해당액정층의광축이어떤방향으로형성되어있는 것인지를확인하는방식은공지이다.예를들면,액정층의광축의방향은,광축 방향을알고있는다른편광판을이용하여측정할수있으며,이는공지의측정 기기,예를들면, Jasco사의 P-2000등의 polarimeter를사용하여즉정할수있다.7] 액정호스트의유전율이방성 ,액정호스트를배향시키는배향막의배향방향 등을조절하여상기와같은통상투과또는차단모드의 액정소자를구현하는 방식은공지이다.
8] 상기광학필름은,상기제 1및제 2기재필름상의제 2영역에위치하는
절연층을추가로포함할수있다.
9] 하나의예로서,상기제 2영역이각전극기재필름에 1개씩형성되어있으며,
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 제 1기재필름상의 전극층의 제 2영역과제 2기재필름상의 전극층의 제 2 영역이서로마주보도록배치되는경우에 절연층은,도 2와같이서로
마주보도록배치되는제 2영역사이에절연층 (170)이위치할수있다.
[8이 다른예로서,상기 제 2영역이각전극기재필름에 1개씩 형성되어 있으며,제
1기재필름상의 전극층의제 2영역과제 2기재필름상의 전극층의 제 2영역이 서로마주보지 않도록배치되는경우에 절연층은,도 3과같이제 1기재 필름상의 제 2영역 및상기제 1기재필름상의제 2영역과마주보는제 2기재 필름상의 제 1영역 ;및제 2기재필름상의 제 2영역 및상기제 2기재필름상의 제 2영역과마주보는제 1기재필름상의제 1영역에 절연층 (170)이 위치할수 있다.
[81] 또다른예로서 ,상기제 2영역이 각전극기재필름에 2개 이상존재하는
경우에는절연층은,도 4와같이제 1기재필름 ( 0)상의 제 2영역 및상기제 2 기재필름 (150)상의제 2영역마다각각위치할수있다.따라서,제 1기재 필름상의 제 2영역과제 1기재필름상의제 2영역이마주보는경우제 1기재 필름의 제 2영역과제 1기재필름의 제 2영역사이에 절연층이위치될수있다. 또한,제 1기재필름상의제 2영역과제 1기재필름상의 제 2영역이마주보지 않는경우제 1기재필름상의제 2영역과제 2기재필름상의 제 1영역사이 ,및 제 2기재필름상의제 2영역과제 1기재필름상의 제 1영역사이에 절연층이 위치될수있다.
[82] 상기광학필름은,상기 2장의 기재필름의사이에서상기 2장의기재필름의 간격을유지하는스페이서 및/또는대향배치된 2장의 기재필름의 간격이 유지된상태로상기 기재필름을부착시키고있는실런트등을추가로포함할수 있다.상기스페이서 및/또는실런트로는,특별한제한없이공지의소재가 사용될수있다.
[83] 상기광학필름에서스페이서 및/또는실런트의 위치는특별히 제한되지
않으며,광학소자의투과율,광학소자의내구성 및절연층의존재유무등에 따라적절한위치에존재할수있다.
[84] 하나의 예로서 ,광학필름에절연층이존재하지 않는경우,상기스페이서
및/또는실런트 (이하,’실런트등’으로호칭할수있다)는제 1및제 2기재필름 사이에서 가장외측부위에존재할수있다.
[85] 다른예로서,광학필름에절연층이존재하며,제 1기재필름상의 전극층의제
2영역과제 2기재필름상의 전극층의 제 2영역이서로마주보도록배치되는 경우,도 2와같이 제 2영역이서로마주보도록배치되는쪽 (예를들면,도 4의 왼쪽)의실런트등 (180)은절연층 (170)과광변조층 (130)사이에존재하고,제 2 영역이서로마주보도록배치되는쪽의 반대쪽 (예를들면,도 4의오른쪽)은제 1 및제 2기재필름사이에서가장외측부위에존재할수있다.
[86] 또다른예로서,광학필름에 절연층이존재하며,제 1기재필름상의 전극층의 제 2영역과제 2기재필름상의 전극층의제 2영역이서로마주보지 않도록
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 배치되는경우,실런트등은도 3과같이절연층 (170)과광변조층 (130)사이에 존재할수있다.
[87] 광학필름에서상기기재필름의 일면,예를들면,상기광변조층 (예를들면, 능동액정층)을향하는면상에는배향막이존재할수있다.예를들면,상기 전극층상에상기 배향막이존재할수있다.
[88] 배향막은능동액정층과같은광변조층에포함되는액정호스트의 배향을
제어하기 위한구성이고,특별한제한없이 공지의 배향막을적용할수있다. 업계에서 공지된배향막으로는,러빙 배향막이나광배향막등이 있다.
[89] 전술한광축의 배향을달성하기 위해서상기 배향막의 배향방향이제어될수 있다.예를들면,대향배치되어 있는 2장의 기재필름의 각면에 형성된 2개의 배향막의 배향방향은서로약 - 10도내지 ^도의범위 내의각도, -7도내지
7도의 범위내의 각도, - 5도내지 5도의범위 내의각도또는 - 3도내지 3도의범위 내의 각도를이루거나서로대략평행할수있다.다른예시에서상기 2개의 배향막의 배향방향은약 80도내지 100도의 범위내의 각도,약 83도내지 97도의 범위내의 각도,약 85도내지 95도의 범위의각도내또는약 87도내지 92도의 범위내의 각도를이루거나서로대략수직일수있다.
[9이 이와같은배향방향에 따라서능동액정층의광축의 방향이결정되기 때문에 , 상기 배향방향은능동액정층의 광축의방향을확인하여확인할수있다.
[91] 광학소자는,상기 광학필름과함께편광층을추가로포함할수있다.상기 편광층으로는,예를들면,흡수형편광층,즉일방향으로형성된광흡수축과 그와는대략수직하게 형성된광투과죽을가지는편광증을사용할수있다.
[92] 상기편광층은,상기 광학필름의 제 1배향상태에서상기차단상태가
구현된다고가정하는경우에상기제 1배향상태의평균광축 (광축의 벡터함)과 상기 편광층의광흡수축이 이루는각도가 80도내지 100도또는 85도내지
95도를이루거나,대략수직이 되도록배치되어 있거나,혹은 35도내지 55도 또는약 40도내지 50도가되거나대략 45도가되도록배치되어 있을수있다.
[93] 배향막의 배향방향을기준으로할때에,전술한것과같이 대향배치된광학 필름의 2장의기재필름의각면상에 형성된배향막의 배향방향이서로약 - 도 내지 ^도의범위 내의각도, -7도내지 7도의 범위내의 각도, -5도내지 5도의 범위 내의각도또는 - 3도내지 3도의 범위내의 각도를이루거나서로대략 평행한경우에상기 2개의 배향막중에서 어느하나의 배향막의 배향방향과 상기 편광층의광흡수축이 이루는각도가 80도내지 100도또는 85도내지
95도를이루거나,대략수직이 될수있다.
[94] 다른예시에서상기 2개의 배향막의 배향방향이 약 80도내지 100도의범위 내의 각도,약 83도내지 97도의 범위내의 각도,약 85도내지 95도의 범위의 각도내또는약 87도내지 92도의 범위내의 각도를이루거나서로대략수직인 경우에는 2장의 배향막중에서상기 편광층에보다가깝게배치된배향막의 배향방향과상기 편광층의광흡수축이 이루는각도가 80도내지 100도또는
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452
85도내지 95도를이루거나,대략수직이 될수있다.
[95] 예를들면,상기 광학필름과상기편광층는서로적층되어 있는상태일수
있다.또한,상기상태에서상기 광학필름의 제 1배향방향의 광축 (평균광축)과 상기 편광층의광흡수축이상기 관계가되도록배치될수있다.
[96] 일예시에서상기편광층가후술하는편광코팅층인경우에는상기편광
코팅층이상기광학필름의내부에존재하는구조가구현될수있다.예를들면, 상기 광학필름의 기재필름중어느하나의기재필름과상기 광변조층의 사이에상기편광코팅층이존재하는구조가구현될수있다.예를들면,광학 필름의 2개의기재필름중적어도하나의 기재필름상에는상기 전극층,상기 편광코팅층및상기 배향막이순차형성되어 있을수있다.
[97] 광학소자에서 적용될수있는상기 편광층의종류는특별히제한되지 않는다. 예를들면,편광층으로는,기존 LCD등에서사용되는통상의소재,예를들면, PVA(poly (vinyl alcohol))편광증등이나,유방성 액정 (LLC: Lyotropic Liquid Cystal)이나,반응성 액정 (RM: Reactive Mesogen)과이색성 색소 (dichroic dye)를 포함하는편광코팅층과같이코팅 방식으로구현한편광층을사용할수있다. 본명세서에서상기와같이코팅 방식으로구현된편광층은편광코팅층으로 호칭될수있다.상기유방성 액정으로는특별한제한없이공지의 액정을 사용할수있으며 ,예를들면,이색비 (dichroic ratio)가 30내지 40정도인유방성 액정층을형성할수있는유방성 액정을사용할수있다.한편,편광코팅층이 반응성 액정 (RM: Reactive Mesogen)과이색성 색소 (dichroic dye)를포함하는 경우에상기 이색성 색소로는선형의 색소를사용하거나,혹은디스코팅상의 색소 (discotic dye)가사용될수도있다.
[98] 본출원의 광학소자는상기와같은광학필름과편광층을각각하나씩만
포함하거나,혹은그중어느하나를 2개 이상포함할수있다.따라서 ,일 예시에서상기광학소자는오직하나의상기 광학필름과오직하나의상기 편광층을포함할수있지만,이에제한되는것은아니다.
[99] 예를들면,본출원의광학소자는,대향하는 2개의 편광층을포함하고,상기 광변조층이상기 2개의 편광층의사이에존재하는구조를가질수도있다.
이러한경우에상기 대향하는 2개의 편광층 (제 1및제 2편광층)의흡수축은, 서로수직하거나,혹은수평할수있다.상기에서수직 및수평은,각각실질적인 수직 및수평으로서, ±5도, ±4도, ±3도, ±2도이내의오차를포함하는것으로 이해할수있다.
[100] 광학소자는,대향배치되어 있는 2장의외곽기판을추가로포함할수있다.본 명세서에서는편의상상기 2장의외곽기판중에서 어느하나를제 1외곽 기판으로호칭하고,다른하나를제 2외곽기판으로호칭할수있으나,상기제 1 및 2의표현이 외곽기판의선후내지는상하관계를규정하는것은아니다.
[101] 일예시에서상기광학필름또는상기광학필름과편광층은상기 2장의 외곽 기판의사이에서캡슐화되어 있을수있다.이러한캡슐화는접착필름을
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 사용하여 이루어질수있다.예를들면,도 5에나타난바와같이상기 대향 배치된 2장의외곽기판 (30)의사이에상기 광학필름 (10)과편광층 (20)이존재할 수있다.
[102] 상기외곽기판으로는,예를들면,글라스등으로되는무기기판또는플라스틱 기판이사용될수있다.늘라스틱기판으로는, TAC(triacetyl cellulose)필름; 노르보르넨유도체등의 COP(cyclo olefin copolymer)필름; PMMA(poly (methyl methacrylate)등의 아크릴필름; PC(polycarbonate)필름; PE(polyethylene)필름; PP(polypropylene)필름; PVA(poly vinyl alcohol)필름; DAC(diacetyl cellulose) 필름; Pac(Poly acrylate)필름; PES(poly ether sulfone)필름;
PEEK(polyetheretherketon)필름; PPS (polypheny Is ulfone)필름, PEI(polyetherimide) 필름; PEN(polyethylenemaphthatlate)필름; PET (polyethyleneterephtalate)필름; Pl(polyimide)필름; PSF(polysulfone)필름; PAR(polyarylate)필름또는불소수지 필름등이사용될수있지만,이에 제한되는것은아니다.외곽기판에는,필요에 따라서금,은,이산화규소또는일산화규소등의규소화합물의코팅층이나, 반사방지층등의코팅층이존재할수도있다.
[103] 상기외곽기판의두께는특별히제한되지 않으며 ,예를들면약 0.3 mm이상일 수있다.상기두께는다른예시에서 약 0.5 mm이상,약 1 mm이상,약 1.5 mm 이상또는약 2 mm이상정도일수있고, 10 mm이하, 9 mm이하, 8 mm이하, 7 mm이하, 6 mm이하, 5 mm이하, 4 mm이하또는 3 mm이하정도일수도있다.
[104] 상기외곽기판은,평편 (flat)한기판이거나,혹은곡면형상을가지는기판일수 있다.예를들면,상기 2장의 외곽기판은동시에평편한기판이거나,동시에 곡면형상을가지거나,혹은어느하나는평편한기판이고,다른하나는곡면 형상의 기판일수있다.
[105] 또한,상기에서동시에곡면형상을가지는경우에는각각의곡률또는곡률 반경은동일하거나상이할수있다.
[106] 본명세서에서곡률또는곡률반경은,업계에서 공지된방식으로측정할수 있으며 ,예를들면, 2D Profile Laser Sensor (레이저 센서 ), Chromatic confocal line sensor (공초점 센서 )또는 3D Measuring Conforcal Microscopy등의 비접족식 장비를이용하여측정할수있다.이러한장비를사용하여곡률또는곡률 반경을측정하는방식은공지이다.
[107] 또한,상기기판과관련해서 예를들어,표면과이면에서의곡률또는곡률
반경이다른경우에는각각마주보는면의곡률또는곡률반경,즉제 1외곽 기판의 경우,제 2외곽기판과대향하는면의곡률또는곡률반경과제 2외곽 기판의 경우제 1외곽기판과대향하는면의곡률또는곡률반경이기준이 될 수있다.또한,해당면에서의곡률또는곡률반경이 일정하지 않고,상이한 부분이존재하는경우에는가장큰곡률또는곡률반경또는가장작은곡률 또는곡률반경또는평균곡률또는평균곡률반경이기준이 될수있다.
[108] 상기기판은,양자가곡률또는곡률반경의차이가 10%이내, 9%이내, 8%
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 이내, 7%이내, 6%이내, 5%이내, 4%이내, 3%이내, 2%이내또는 1%이내일수 있다.상기곡률또는곡률반경의차이는,큰곡률또는곡률반경을 0^1라고 하고,작은곡률또는곡률반경을 라고할때에 100 (0 )幻3로계산되는 수치이다.또한,상기곡률또는곡률반경의차이의하한은특별히제한되지 않는다. 2장의외곽기판의곡률또는곡률반경의차이는동일할수있기 때문에,상기곡률또는곡률반경의차이는 0%이상이거나, 0%초과일수있다.
[109] 상기와같은곡률또는곡률반경의제어는,본출원의광학소자와같이광학 필름및/또는편광층이접착필름으로캡슐화된구조에 있어서유용하다.
[110] 제 1및제 2외곽기판이모두곡면인경우에양자의곡률은동일부호일수 있다.다시말하면,상기 2개의외곽기판은모두동일한방향으로굴곡되어 있을 수있다.즉,상기경우는,제 1외곽기판의곡률중심과제 2외곽기판의곡률 중심이모두제 1및제 2외곽기판의상부및하부중에서같은부분에존재하는 경우이다.
[111] 도 6은,제 1및제 2외곽기판 (30)의사이에광학필름등을포함하는캡슐화 부위 (400)가존재하는측면예시인데,이경우는제 1및제 2외곽기판 (30) 모두의곡률중심은도면에서하부에존재하는경우이다.
[112] 제 1및제 2외곽기판의각각의곡률또는곡률반경의구체적인범위는
특별히제한되지않는다.일예시에서상기각각의기판의곡률반경은, 이상, 2·이상, 3·이상, 4·이상, 5·이상, 6·이상, 7·이상, 8· 이 4또는 90011
ᅪ, 10,00011이
9,00011
8,00011이 7,00011
°1 ¾>, 6,00011 °1 ¾>, 5,00011 ¾>, 4,00011 ¾>, 3,00011 ¾>, 2,00011 ¾>, 1,90011
1,80011
1,70011
1,60011
1,50011
1,40011
1,30011 이하, 1,20011이하, 1,10011이하또는 1,05011이하일수있다.상기에서 II은 반지름이 1 111111인원의휘어진경도를의미한다.따라서,상기에서 예를들어, 10011은반지름이 100111111인원의휘어진정도또는그러한원에대한곡률 반경이다.물론기판이평편한경우에곡률은 0이고,곡률반경은무한대이다.
[113] 제 1및제 2외곽기판은상기범위에서동일하거나상이한곡률반경을가질 수있다.일예시에서제 1및제 2외곽기판의곡률이서로다른경우에,그 중에서곡률이큰기판의곡률반경이상기범위내일수있다.
[114] 일예시에서제 1및제 2외곽기판의곡률이서로다른경우에는그중에서 곡률이큰기판이광학소자의사용시에보다중력방향으로배치되는기판일 수있다.
[115] 일예시에서상기제 1및제 2외곽기판중에서상부기판에비해서하부
기판이보다큰곡률을가질수있다.이러한경우에상기제 1및제 2외곽 기판의곡률의차이는전술한범위일수있다.또한,상기에서상부는,제 1및제 2외곽기판이모두곡면기판이거나,혹은제 1및제 2외곽기판중어느하나가 곡면기판이고,다른하나는평면기판인경우에상기곡면의볼록한부위를 향하는방향을따라서결정되는위치관계이다.예를들어,도 6의경우,도면의
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 하부에서상부로볼록한방향이 형성되어 있기 때문에상부의외곽기판이상부 기판이 되고,하부의외곽기판이하부기판이된다.이러한구조에서는접착 필름 (400)에의해서서로부착되어 있는외곽기판중곡면기판이 나타내는 복원력에 의해광학소자의중심부로일정수준의 압력이발생하게되어서 내부에 기포등의불량의발생이 억제,경감,완화및/또는방지될수있다.
[116] 상기캡슐화를위해서는,후술하는바와같이접착필름을사용한
오토클레이브 (Autoclave)공정이수행될수있고,이과정에서는통상고온및 고압이 적용된다.그런데,이와같은오토클레이브공정후에캡슐화에 적용된 접착필름이고온에서장시간보관되는등의 일부경우에는일부재융해등이 일어나서 ,외곽기판이 벌어지는문제가발생할수있다.이와같은현상이 일어나게되면,캡슐화된능동액정소자및/또는편광층에 힘이작용하고, 내부에 기포가형성될수있다.
[117] 그렇지만,기판간의곡률또는곡률반경을위와같이제어하게되면,접착 필름에 의한합착력이 떨어지게되어도복원력과중력의 합인알짜힘이 작용하여 벌어짐을막아줄수있고,오토클레이브와같은공정 압력에도잘견딜 수있다.또한,상기복원력과중력의합인알짜힘이광학소자의중심부에서 작용하기 때문에실제투과율등이조절되는영역에서 기포등의불량의발생을 보다효과적으로억제,경감,완화및/또는방지할수있다.
[118] 광학소자는상기광학필름및/또는편광층을상기 외곽기판내에서
캡슐화하고있는접착필름을추가로포함할수있다.이러한접착필름 (40)은, 예를들면,도 7에 나타난바와같이외곽기판 (30)과광학필름 (10)의사이 ,광학 필름 (10)과편광층 (20)의사이 및/또는편광층 (20)와외곽기판 (30)의사이에 존재할수있고,상기 광학필름 (10)과편광층 (20)의측면,적절하게는모든 측면에존재할수있다.
[119] 접착필름은,상기 외곽기판 (30)과광학필름 (10),광학필름 (10)과편광층 (20) 및편광층 (20)와외곽기판 (30)들을서로접착시키면서,상기 광학필름 (10)과 편광층 (20)를캡슐화하고있을수있다.
[120] 예를들면,목적하는구조에따라서 외곽기판,광학필름,편광층및접착
필름을적층한후에 진공상태에서 압착하는방식으로상기구조를구현할수 있다.
[121] 상기접착필름으로는,공지의소재가사용될수있고,예를들면,공지된
열가소성쓸리우레탄접착필름 (TPU: Thermoplastic Polyure比 lane),
TPS(Thermoplastic Starch),쓸리아 이드접착필름,쓸리에스테르접착필름, EVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate)접착필름,쓸리에틸렌또는쓸리프로필렌등의 폴리올레핀접착필름또는폴리올레핀엘라스토머필름 (POE필름)등중에서 후술하는물성을만족하는것이선택될수있다.
[122] 접착필름으로는,소정 범위의위상차를가지는필름이사용될수있다.일 예시에서상기접착필름은정면위상차가 100 nm이하일수있다.상기 정면
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 위상차는다른예시에서 약 9511111이하,약 9011111이하,약 8511111이하,약 8()11111 이하,약 7511111이하,약 7011111이하,약 6511111이하,약 6011111이하,약 5511111이하,약 5011111이하,약 4511111이하,약 4011111이하,약 3511111이하,약 3011111이하,약 2511111 이하,약 20 11111이하,약 15 11111이하,약 1011111이하,약 911111이하,약 811111이하,약 711111이하,약 611111이하,약 511111이하,약 411111이하,약 311111이하,약 211111이하 또는약 111111이하일수있다.상기정면위상차는다른예시에서 약 011111이상,약 111111이상,약 211111이상,약 311111이상,약 411111이상,약 511111이상,약 611111이상,약 711111이상,약 811111이상,약 911111이상,또는약 9.511111이상일수있다.
[123] 접착필름의두께방향위상차의절대값은,예를들면, 200 11111이하일수있다. 상기 절대값은다른예시에서 약 19011111이하, 18011111이하, 17011111이하, 16011111 이하, 15011111이하, 14011111이하, 13011111이하, 120 11111이하또는 115 11111이하일수 있거나 11111이상, 011111이상, 1011111이상, 2011111이상, 3011111이상, 4011111이상, 5011111 이상, 6011111이상, 7011111이상, 80 11111이상또는 90 11111이상일수있다.상기두께 방향위상차는상기 범위내의 절대값을가지는한음수이거나 11111이상,양수일 수있다.
[124] 상기접착필름의정면위상차 )및두께방향위상차 (¾¾는각각상기수식 1및 2에서두께 ),지상축방향굴절률 ( ),진상축방향굴절률知 및두께 방향의굴절률知幻을접착필름의두께 ),지상축방향굴절률 (1«),진상축방향 굴절률知 및두께방향의굴절률 ( )로대체하여 계산하는것외에는동일하게 계산될수있다.
[125] 상기접착필름의두께는상기외곽기판 (30)과능동액정층 (10)의사이의접착 필름의두께,예를들면상기 양자간의 간격,광학필름 (10)과편광층 (20)의 사이의 접착필름의두께,예를들면상기 양자간의 간격 및편광층 (20)와외곽 기판 (30)의사이의 접착필름의두께,예를들면상기 양자간의 간격일수있다.
[126] 접착필름의두께는특별히 제한되지 않으며 ,예를들면약 200 ^1111내지 600^1111 정도의 범위내일수있다.상기에서 접착필름의두께는상기 외곽기판 (30)과 광학필름 (10)의사이의접착필름의두께,예를들면상기 양자간의간격,광학 필름 (10)과편광층 (20)의사이의접착필름의두께,예를들면상기 양자간의 간격 및편광층 (20)와외곽기판 (30)의사이의 접착필름의두께,예를들면상기 양자간의 간격일수있다.
[127] 광학소자는상기구성 외에도필요한임의구성을추가로포함할수있고,예를 들면,위상차층,광학보상층,반사방지층,하드코팅층등의공지의구성을 적절한위치에포함할수있다.
[128] 상기와같은본출원의 광학소자는,전술한투과모드및차단모드를포함한 다양한모드를구현할수있다.본출원의광학소자가구현할수있는모드 중에는그라데이션모드 (이하,제 1모드라고부를수있다.)및균일투과 모드 (이하,제 2모드라고부를수있다.)가있으며,본출원의광학소자는상기 2 모드중어느하나를구현하거나,혹은양모드를모두구현할수있고,그모드의
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 사이를스위칭할수있도록형성되어 있을수도있다.
[129] 예를들면,상기언급한각전극기재필름의제 2영역은제 1영역과
전기적으로연결될수있는데,이때제 2영역중외부전원이인가되는부위를 변경함으로써상기모드의구현이가능하다.본명세서에서용어 「전기적으로 연결」 은,전기적으로연결된두구성요소중어느하나의구성요소에전류가 인가될경우,다른구성요소에서도전류가흐르도록구성되어있는것을의미할 수있다.따라서,전기적으로연결된두구성요소는직접접촉하고있을수도 있고,상기두구성요소가전기전도체에의해연결되어 있을수도있다.
[130] 상기와같이제 2영역이제 1영역과전기적으로연결되어 있는경우,전원이 제 2영역과연결됨으로써제 1영역에의해능동액정층에전계가인가될수 있다.
[131] 본출원의광학소자는,제 2영역중에서상기전원이연결되는부위를선택할 수있는구동수단을포함할수있다.상기구동수단은,예를들면,하기와 전원이제 2영역중에서특정영역에선택적으로연결되도록할수있고,또한 이러한연결상태를필요에따라변경할수있도록구성되어,그라데이션모드와 균일투과모드를구현할수있다.
[132] 그라데이션모드는,광학소자의투과도,예를들면,가시광에대한투과도가 임의의일방향으로진행하면서연속적으로증가또는감소하는상태를지칭할 수있다.
[133] 균일투과모드는,광학소자의투과도,예를들면,가시광에대한투과도가 실질적으로균일한상태를지칭할수있다.가시광에대한투과도가대체로 균일하다는것은,예를들면,가시광에대한투과도의증가또는감소폭이 10% 이하또는 5%이하인상태를의미할수있다.또한,상기균일투과모드는 상술한균일한투과도를만족하는한,광학소자가가시광에대한투과도가 0.1% 내지 99.9%인상태를지칭할수있다.
[134] 상기그라데이션모드및균일투과모드는,예를들면,아래와같은원리에 의해구현될수있다.
[135] 상기외부작용이액정층에인가되는전계일경우,능동액정층에가해지는 외부전압이액정층의길이방향으로나아가면서연속적으로증가또는감소할 경우,액정화합물의배향정도가연속적으로변화하므로,액정화합물의광축이 연속적으로변화할수있다.따라서,광학소자에마련된편광층의흡수축과의 관계에따라투과도가능동액정층의길이방향으로연속적으로증가또는 감소하면서,그라데이션모드가구현될수있다.
[136] 도 8은그라데이션모드(제 1모드)를구현할때의광학소자의상태를
예시적으로설명한도면이다.도 8에나타난바와같이,제 1영역이
광변조층(130)에대해서전계를발생시키도록할때에,제 1및제 2기재 필름상에각각형성된전극층의제 2영역중에서서로대향하는제 2영역(쇼및 (:영역또는 6및 D영역)을통해외부전원(163)을인가하게되면,상기
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 그라데이션모드가구현될수있다.
[137] 이러한경우에 있어서,외부전원은제 1기재필름상에형성된제 2영역인쇼 및: 8영역중에서어느한영역과만연결되고,제 2기재필름상에형성된제 2 영역인(:및 I)영역중에서어느한영역과만연결될수있다.즉,상기제 1 모드를쇼및(:영역을외부전원과연결하여구현하는경우에:8및1)영역은 외부전원과연결되지않고,반대로상기제 1모드를 6및 0영역을외부전원과 연결하여구현하는경우에쇼및(:영역은외부전원과연결되지않을수있다. 또한,일예시에서상기제 1모드의구현시에는제 1기재필름의전극층에서 외부전원과연결되는부위는상기쇼또는 6영역중어느하나만이고,제 2기재 필름의전극층에서외부전원과연결되는부위는상기(:또는 I)영역중어느 하나만일수있다.
[138] 상기와같은경우는전술한구조중에서각기재필름상에제 2영역이 1개 존재하고,제 1및제 2기재필름의제 2영역이서로마주하도록배치된 경우에도동일하다.
[139] 상기와같은방식으로외부전원이인가되면,광변조층(예를들면,능동
액정층)(130)에인가되는전계의세기가상기쇼및(:영역또는 6및 I)영역을 기점으로상기영역으로부터멀어지면서감소하게된다.이에따라서,전계에 의해배향된액정화합물의평균광축도전계의세기에따라서연속적으로 변화하여그라데이션모드를구현할수있다.
[140] 도 9는,균일투과모드(제 2모드)를구현하는예시적인광학소자의
모식도이다.도 9와같이제 1영역이광변조층(130)에대해서전계를
발생시키도록할때에,제 1및제 2기재필름상에각각형성된전극층의제 2 영역중에서서로엇갈리게배치된제 2영역(쇼및 I)영역또는 6및(:영역)을 통해외부전원(163)을인가하게되면,상기제 2모드가구현될수있다.
[141] 이러한경우에 있어서,외부전원은제 1기재필름상에형성된제 2영역인쇼 및: 8영역중에서어느한영역과만연결되고,제 2기재필름상에형성된제 2 영역인(:및 I)영역중에서어느한영역과만연결될수있다.즉,상기제 2 모드를쇼및1)영역을외부전원과연결하여구현하는경우에:8및(:영역은 외부전원과연결되지않고,반대로상기제 2모드를 6및 0영역을외부전원과 연결하여구현하는경우에쇼및1)영역은외부전원과연결되지않을수있다. 또한,일예시에서상기제 2모드의구현시에도제 1기재필름의전극층에서 외부전원과연결되는부위는상기쇼또는 6영역중어느하나만이고,제 2기재 필름의전극층에서외부전원과연결되는부위는상기(:또는 I)영역중어느 하나만일수있다.
[142] 상기와같은경우는전술한구조중에서각기재필름상에제 2영역이 1개 존재하고,제 1및제 2기재필름의제 2영역이서로마주하지않도록배치된 경우에도동일하다.
[143] 이와같은방식으로외부전원과연결하여광변조층(예를들면,능동액정층)에
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 전계를발생시키게되면,제 1영역은광변조층전체에상대적으로균일한 전위차를발생시킬수있고,이에따라서제 2모드가구현될수있다.
[144] 상기도 8및도 9에서본출원의그라데이션모드및균일투과모드를
구현하기위한투과도조절수단의제 2영역의형성위치및전원의연결상태를 예시적으로도시하였으나,상기도 8및도 9는예시에불과하며본출원의 투과도조절수단의양태가상기도면에도시한것에한정되는것은아니다.
[145] 예를들면,상기제 2영역을형성하는본출원의투과도조절수단의제 1및 2 전극단자부는반드시제 1및/또는 2전극기재필름상에고정되어형성될 필요는없으며,투과도조절수단에포함하는구동수단이전원과연결된제 1및 2전극단자부가제 1및제 2전극기재필름과제 1및제 2전극기재필름상의 임의의위치에연결되도록할수있다.다만,당업자라면그라데이션모드가 구현되기위해서는전원과연결된제 1및제 2전극단자부가도 8에도시한 예시와같이전계의세기가능동액정층의길이방향으로연속적으로증가또는 감소하도록제 1및제 2전극단자부가제 1및제 2전극기재필름과
연결되어야한다는것을이해할수있을것이다.또한,당업자는균일투과 모드가구현되기위해서는제 1및제 2전극단자부가도 9에도시한예시와 같이전계의세기가능동액정층의길이방향으로대략적으로균일하도록 전원과연결된제 1및제 2전극단자부가제 1및제 2전극기재필름과 연결되어야한다는것을이해할수있을것이다.
[146] 상기투과도조절수단은전원이연결되는전극단자부를선택할수있는구동 수단을포함할수있다.예를들면,상기구동수단에의해전원,전극단자부및 전극기재필름부의연결상태가도 8에도시된연결상태및도 9에도시된연결 상태간의전환이이루어질수있으며,따라서그라데이션모드와균일투과 모드의전환이가능할수있다.
[147] 상기투과도조절수단은제 1전극단자부및제 2전극단자부에인가되는 전위차를조절할수있는전위차조절수단을포함할수있다.투과도조절 수단이상술한전위차조절수단을포함함으로써,액정층에인가되는전계의 세기를보다세밀하게조절할수있고,광학소자가가시광에대해다양한 투과도를구현하도록할수있다.
[148] 상기전위차조절수단은능동액정층에인가되는전계의세기를조절할수 있는것이라면공지의수단을사용할수있으며,예를들면,전원과제 1또는제 2전극단자부사이에위치하는저항및/또는캐패시터를사용하여능동 액정층에인가되는전계의세기를조절할수있다.
[149] 한편,전술한구동수단과상기전위차조절수단은투과도조절효율또는광학 소자의에너지효율등을고려하여적절히배치될수있다.일예로
외부전원/구동수단/전위차조절수단/단자부순으로전류가흐르도록배치될수 있다.다른예로외부전원/전위차조절수단/구동수단/단자부순으로전류가 흐르도록배치될수있다.
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452
[150] 필요한경우에상기 저항체또는축전체를추가로포함할수있다.이러한
경우에상기외부전원은상기 저항체또는축전체를매개로상기제 2영역에 연결되어 있을수있다.이러한구성에 의해서제 2영역으로인가되는전원의 세기 및/또는상태등을보다용이하게제어하여목적하는모드를보다손쉽게 구현할수있다.본출원에서 적용될수있는상기 저항체또는축전체의종류는 특별히 제한되지 않으며,목적에 따라공지의수단을적절하게선택할수있다.
[151] 본출원의상기광학소자를제조하는방법은특별히 제한되지 않는다.일
예시에서상기광학소자는,전술한캡슐화를위해서오토클레이브공정을거쳐 제조될수있다.
[152] 예를들면,상기 광학소자의 제조방법은,대향배치되어 있는제 1및제 2외곽 기판의사이에 있는광학필름및/또는편광층을접착필름을사용한
오토클레이브공정을통해캡슐화하는단계를포함할수있다.이과정에서상기 제 1및제 2외곽기판의곡률의차이등을포함한구체적인사항은전술한바와 같다.
[153] 상기오토클레이브공정은,외곽기판의사이에목적하는캡슐화구조에
따라서 접착필름과능동액정소자및/또는편광층을배치하고,가열/가압에 의해수행할수있다.
[154] 예를들어,외곽기판 (30),접착필름 (40),능동액정층 (10),접착필름 (40), 편광층 (20),접착필름 (40)및외곽기판 (30)을상기순서로배치하고,능동 액정층 (10)과편광층 (20)의측면에도접착필름 (40)을배치한적층체를 오토클레이브공정으로가열/가압처리하면,도 7에 나타난것과같은광학 소자가형성될수있다.
[155] 상기오토클레이브공정의조건은특별한제한이 없고,예를들면,적용된접착 필름의종류에따라적절한온도및압력하에서수행할수있다.통상의 오토클레이트공정의온도는약 80OC이상, 90OC이상또는 100OC이상이며, 압력은 2기압이상이나,이에 제한되는것은아니다.상기공정온도의상한은약 200OC이하, 190OC이하, 180OC이하또는 170OC이하정도일수있고,공정 압력의상한은약 W기압이하, 9기압이하, 8기압이하, 7기압이하또는 6기압 이하정도일수있다.
[156] 상기와같은광학소자는다양한용도로사용될수있으며 ,예를들면,
선글라스나 AR(Argumented Reality)또는 VR( Virtual Reality)용
아이웨어 (eyewear)등의 아이웨어류,건물의외벽이나차량용선루프등에 사용될수있다.
[157] 하나의 예시에서상기광학소자는,그자체로서차량용선루프일수있다.
[158] 예를들면,적어도하나이상의 개구부가형성되어 있는차체를포함하는
자동차에 있어서상기 개구부에장착된상기광학소자또는차량용선루프를 장착하여사용될수있다.
[159] 이 때외곽기판의곡률또는곡률반경이서로상이한경우에는그중에서곡률
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 반경이더작은기판,즉곡률이더큰기판이보다중력방향으로배치될수 있다.
[160] 선루프는,차량의천장에존재하는고정된또는작동 (벤팅또는슬라이딩)하는 개구부 (opening)로서,빛또는신선한공기가차량의내부로유입되도록하는 기능을할수있는장치를통칭하는의미일수있다.본출원에서선루프의작동 방식은특별히제한되지않으며,예를들어,수동으로작동하거나또는모터로 구동할수있으며,선루프의형상,크기또는스타일은목적하는용도에따라 적절히선택될수있다.예를들어,선루프는작동방식에따라팝-업타입 선루프,스포일러 (tile & slide)타입선루프,인빌트타입선루프,폴딩타입 선루프,탑-마운트타입선루프,파노라믹루프시스템타입선루프,제거가능한 루프패널즈 (t-tops또는 targa roofts)타입선루프또는솔라타입선루프등이 예시될수있으나이에제한되는것은아니다.
[161] 본출원의 예시적인선루프는본출원의상기광학소자를포함할수있고,이 경우광학소자에대한구체적인사항은상기광학소자의항목에서기술한 내용이동일하게적용될수있다.
발명의효과
[162] 본출원은다양한모드의구현이가능하고,내구성등이우수한광학소자를 제공한다.
도면의간단한설명
[163] 도 1내지 4는예시적인광학필름의측면도이다.
[164] 도 5내지 7은,예시적인광학소자의측면도이다.
[165] 도 8은그라데이션모드를구현하는광학필름의예시적인측면도이다.
[166] 도 9는,균일투과모드를구현하는광학필름의예시적인측면도이다.
[167] 도 W은본출원의시험예에서광투과도가측정된영역을나타낸그림이다. 발명의실시를위한형태
[168] 이하실시예를통하여본출원을보다상세히설명하나,본출원의범위가하기 실시예로제한되는것은아니다.
[169]
[17이 투과도의측정
[171] 광학소자가의도한모드를구현하고있는것인지를확인하기위해서광학 소자의광투과도조절영역을임의로분할하여각영역에서의투과도를 측정하였다.구체적으로는도 W에나타난바와같이광학소자의광투과도조절 영역을동일면적의 12개의영역으로나누고,각영역별로광투과도를 측정하였다.도 W은광학소자의광투과도조절영역을정면에서본경우를 나타낸다.상기광투과도는, Nippon Denshoku社의 NDH-5000SP를이용하여 ISO 13468규격에의거하여측정하였다.
[172]
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452
[173] 광학소자의 제조
[174] 제조예 1
[175] 광변조층으로서,(3¾(311£ 선0비액정층을가지는광학필름을제조하였다. 일면에 11,0(111(끄11111 0 句전극층(도 1의 120, 140)과액정 배향막(도 1에는 미도시)이순차형성되어 있는 2장의 1>(:여0^3115011 句필름(도 1의 110, 150)을 약 1¾/01정도의
유지되도록대향배치한상태에서그사이에 액정호스트(Merck社의 MAT- 16-969액정)및 이색성 염료게스트
社, 12)의혼합물을주입하고,실런트로테두리를봉하여 광학필름을제작하였다. 상기 필름의 대향배치는서로배향막이 형성된면이마주보도록하였다. 상기(311액정층은,전압무인가시에는수평 배향상태이고,전압인가에 의해 수직 배향상태로스위칭될수있다.각기재필름상에 형성된전극층의 마주보는테두리의 전극층으로서 ,실런트가형성된부위를기준으로외측에 외부전원으로부터광학필름에 전계를인가할수있는투과도조절
수단(케이피社의 10/1601- 15315-500및 SMG 1채널 릴레이
모듈 - 082))이 연결될수있도록단자(161, 162)를도 1과같이 형성하여제 2영역을형성하였다.이 때제 1기재필름상의 전극층상에하나의단자(161)를 형성하고,제 2기재필름상의 전극층상에도하나의단자(162)를형성한후에 이들이서로엇갈리도록기재필름을배치하였다(즉,도 1의 제 1기재필름상의 단자(161)중도면상왼쪽의 단자만형성하고,제 2기재필름상의단자(162) 중에서도도면상오른쪽의 단자만형성하였다.).
[176] 상기광학필름과 ^여01 노01101)계편광층을 2장의외곽가판의
사이에서 열가소성폴리우레탄접착필름(두께:약 0.38 111111,제조사:쇼 아 사, 제품명 :쇼¾01¾幻으로캡슐화하여 광학소자를제조하였다.상기에서외곽 기판으로는두께가약 3111111정도인글라스기판을사용하였으며,곡률반경이 약 30요인기판(제 1외곽기판)과곡률반경이 00요인기판(제 2외곽기판)을 사용하였다.상기 제 1외곽기판,상기 접착필름,상기 광학필름,상기 접착 필름,상기 편광층,상기접착필름및상기제 2외곽기판을상기순서로 적층하고,광학필름의모든측면에도상기 접착필름을배치하여 적층체를 제조하였다(제 1외곽기판에비해서 제 2외곽기판이중력방향으로배치).그 후,약 0ᄋ(:의온도및 2기압정도의 압력으로오토클레이브공정을수행하여 광학소자를제조하였다.
[177]
[178] 제조예 2
[179] 광변조층으로서,(3¾(311£ 선0비액정층을가지는광학필름을제조하였다. 일면에
120, 140)과액정 배향막(도 1에는 미도시)이순차형성되어 있는 2장의 1>(:여0^3115011 句필름(도 1의 110, 150)을 약
유지되도록대향배치한상태에서그사이에 액정호스트(Merck社의 MAT- 16-969액정)및 이색성 염료게스트 社,
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 12)의혼합물을주입하고,실런트로테두리를봉하여 광학필름을제작하였다. 상기 필름의 대향배치는서로배향막이 형성된면이마주보도록하였다. 상기(311액정층은,전압무인가시에는수평 배향상태이고,전압인가에 의해 수직 배향상태로스위칭될수있다.각기재필름상에 형성된전극층의 마주보는테두리의 전극층으로서 ,실런트가형성된부위를기준으로외측에 외부전원으로부터광학필름에 전계를인가할수있는투과도조절수단투과도 조절수단(케이피社의 10/1601- 15315-5()0및 SMG 1채널
릴레이
모듈 - 082))이 연결될수있도록단자(161, 162)를도 1과같이 형성하여제 2영역을형성하였다.이 때제 1기재필름상의 전극층상에하나의단자(161)를 형성하고,제 2기재필름상의 전극층상에도하나의단자(162)를형성한후에 이들이서로마주하도록기재필름을배치하였다(즉,도 1의 제 1기재필름상의 단자(161)중도면상오른쪽의 단자만형성하고,제 2기재필름상의단자(162) 중에서도도면상오른쪽의 단자만형성하였다.).
[18이 상기광학필름과 계편광층을 2장의외곽가판의
사이에서 열가소성폴리우레탄접착필름(두께:약 0.38
제조사:쇼 아 사, 제품명 :쇼¾01¾幻으로캡슐화하여 광학소자를제조하였다.상기에서외곽 기판으로는두께가약 3111111정도인글라스기판을사용하였으며,곡률반경이 약 30요인기판(제 1외곽기판)과곡률반경이 00요인기판(제 2외곽기판)을 사용하였다.상기 제 1외곽기판,상기 접착필름,상기 광학필름,상기 접착 필름,상기 편광층,상기접착필름및상기제 2외곽기판을상기순서로 적층하고,광학필름의모든측면에도상기 접착필름을배치하여 적층체를 제조하였다(제 1외곽기판에비해서 제 2외곽기판이중력방향으로배치).그 후,약 0ᄋ(:의온도및 2기압정도의 압력으로오토클레이브공정을수행하여 광학소자를제조하였다.
[181]
[182] 제조예 3
[183] 광변조층으로서,(3¾(311£ 선0비액정층을가지는광학필름을제조하였다. 일면에
120, 140)과액정 배향막(도 1에는 미도시)이순차형성되어 있는 2장의 1>(:여0^3115011 句필름(도 1의 110, 150)을
유지되도록대향배치한상태에서그사이에 액정호스트(Merck社의 MAT- 16-969액정)및 이색성 염료게스트
社, 12)의혼합물을주입하고,실런트로테두리를봉하여 광학필름을제작하였다. 상기 필름의 대향배치는서로배향막이 형성된면이마주보도록하였다. 상기(311액정층은,전압무인가시에는수평 배향상태이고,전압인가에 의해 수직 배향상태로스위칭될수있다.각기재필름상에 형성된전극층의 마주보는테두리의 전극층으로서 ,실런트가형성된부위를기준으로외측에 외부전원으로부터광학필름에 전계를인가할수있는투과도조절수단투과도 조절수단(케이피社의
릴레이
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 모듈 (SZH-EK082))이연결될수있도록단자 (161, 162)를도 1과같이형성하여제 2영역 (A내지 D영역)을형성하였다.
[184] 상기광학필름과 PVA(polyvinylalcohol)계편광층을 2장의외곽가판의
사이에서열가소성폴리우레탄접착필름 (두께:약 0.38 mm,제조사: Argotec사, 제품명 : ArgoFlex)으로캡슐화하여광학소자를제조하였다.상기에서외곽 기판으로는두께가약 3mm정도인글라스기판을사용하였으며,곡률반경이약 W30R인기판 (제 1외곽기판)과곡률반경이 W00R인기판 (제 2외곽기판)을 사용하였다.상기제 1외곽기판,상기접착필름,상기광학필름,상기접착 필름,상기편광층,상기접착필름및상기제 2외곽기판을상기순서로 적층하고,광학필름의모든측면에도상기접착필름을배치하여적층체를 제조하였다 (제 1외곽기판에비해서제 2외곽기판이중력방향으로배치).그 후,약 W0OC의온도및 2기압정도의압력으로오토클레이브공정을수행하여 광학소자를제조하였다.
[185]
[186] 실시예 1
[187] 제조예 1에서제조한광학소자의각단자부에외부전원을연결하였다.이러한 형태는도 9에나타난방식으로외부전원이연결된경우와동일하다.그후, 60 Hz스퀘어 (square)파형의 0V내지 30V의 RMS(root mean square)전압을가지는 전원을인가하고,영역별로광투과도를측정하였고,결과는표 1에나타내었다.
[188]
[189] 실시예 2
[19이 제조예 2에서제조한광학소자의각단자부에외부전원을연결하였다.이러한 형태는도 8에나타난방식으로외부전원이연결된경우와동일하다.그후, 60 Hz스퀘어 (square)파형의 0V내지 30V의 RMS(root mean square)전압을가지는 전원을인가하고,영역별로광투과도를측정하였고,결과는표 1에나타내었다.
[191] [표 1]
[192] 표 1에기재한투과도의각값은도 에도시한위치에대응되도록
기재하였으며,이위치는상기표 1의위치항목에기술한것과같다.
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452
[193] 표 1에나타난투과도로부터실시예 1의경우는,전체영역에서균일한
투과도가구현되었다.한편,실시예 2의경우는,외부전원이인가되는부분 (도 W의 4,8,12위치)으로부터투과도가점차감소하는그라데이션모드가
구현되었다.
[194]
[195] 실시예 3.
[196] 제조예 3에서제조한광학소자의광학필름의단자 (161, 162)를 60 Hz
스퀘어 (square)파형의 0V내지 30V의 RMS(root mean square)전압을가지는외부 전원을인가하였다.한편, SMG 1채널 5V릴레이모듈 (SZH-EK082)을이용하여 도 8에나타난형태및도 9에나타난형태를전환하였다.
[197] 도 8의형태가되도록외부전원을연결한경우는그라데이션모드가구현되고, 도 9의형태가되도록외부전원을연결한경우에는균일투과모드가구현됨을 확인할수있었다.이를통해투과도조절수단에의해서광학디바이스가 다양한모드를용이하게구현할수있음을확인할수있다.
Claims
[청구항 1] 서로대향배치된제 1및제 2기재필름;및상기제 1및제 2기재필름의 사이에존재하는광변조증을포함하는광학필름을가지고, 상기제 1및제 2기재필름의서로대향하는면에는각각전극층이 형성되어 있으며,
상기전극층은,상기광변조층에전계를인가할수있도록형성된제 1 영역과상기제 1영역이상기전계를인가할수있도록상기전극층을 외부전원과연결하고있는제 2영역을포함하고,
투과도조절수단을추가로포함하며,외부전원은상기투과도조절 수단을매개로제 2영역에연결되어있는광학소자.
[청구항 2] 제 1항에 있어서,상기투과도조절수단은구동수단및전위차조절 수단을포함하는광학소자.
[청구항 3] 제 1항에 있어서,상기제 1기재필름상의상기제 2영역과상기제 2 기재필름상의상기제 2영역은서로마주보지않도록배치되어있는 광학소자.
[청구항 4] 제 1항에 있어서,상기제 1기재필름상의전극층의상기제 2영역과 상기제 2기재필름상의전극층의상기제 2영역은서로마주보도록 배치되어 있는광학소자.
[청구항 5] 제 1항에 있어서,상기제 1기재필름상의상기제 2영역은상기제 1 기재필름의마주보는테두리에각각형성되어있는쇼및:8영역을 포함하고,상기제 2기재필름상의상기제 2영역은상기제 2기재 필름의마주보는테두리에각각형성되어 있는(:및 I)영역을포함하며 , 상기쇼영역과(:영역은서로대향하고,상기:8영역과 I)영역은서로 대향하며,
상기쇼및(:영역또는상기:8및 I)영역이외부전원과연결되어상기제 1영역에서전계가발생되는제 1모드와상기쇼및 I)영역또는상기 3및 (:영역이외부전원과연결되어상기제 1영역에서전계가발생되는제 2 모드의사이를스위칭할수있도록형성된광학소자.
[청구항 6] 제 1항에 있어서 ,상기제 1및제 2기재필름상의제 2영역에위치하는 절연층을추가로포함하는광학소자.
[청구항 7] 제 1항에 있어서,광변조층은,액정호스트및이방성염료게스트를
포함하고,적어도 2가지서로다른배향상태의사이를스위칭할수있는 능동액정층인광학소자.
[청구항 8] 제 7항에 있어서 ,서로다른배향상태는수직배향상태와수평배향 상태를포함하는광학소자.
[청구항 9] 제 1항에 있어서,편광층을추가로포함하는광학소자.
[청구항 ] 제 8항에 있어서,편광층을추가로포함하며,상기편광층은,능동
2020/175849 1»(:1^1{2020/002452 액정층의수평 배향상태의평균광축과편광층의 광흡수축이 이루는 각도가 80도내지 100도또는 35도내지 55도의범위 내가되도록 배치되어 있는광학소자.
[청구항 11] 제 1항에 있어서,제 1및제 2기재필름의광변조층을향하는면상에 존재하는배향막을추가로포함하는광학소자.
[청구항 12] 제 11항에 있어서,제 1및제 2기재필름상의 배향막의 배향방향이
이루는각도는 0도내지 도의범위 내또는 80도내지 100도의범위 내인광학소자.
[청구항 13] 제 1항에 있어서,광학필름의 적어도일측에 배치된편광층을포함하고, 상기 광학필름은,제 1및제 2기재필름의 광변조층을향하는면상에 존재하는배향막을추가로포함하며,상기제 1및제 2기재필름중에서 상기 편광층에가까운기재필름상에 형성된배향막의 배향방향과상기 편광층의 광흡수축이 이루는각도가 80도내지 90도의범위 내인광학 소자.
[청구항 14] 제 1항에 있어서 ,대향배치되어 있는 2장의 외곽기판을추가로
포함하고,광학필름은,상기외곽기판의사이에존재하는광학소자.
[청구항 15] 제 14항에 있어서 ,광학필름은, 2장의 외곽기판의사이에서캡슐화제에 의해 전면이캡슐화되어 있는광학소자.
[청구항 16] 하나이상의 개구부가형성되어 있는차체 ;및상기 개구부에장착된제 1 항의 광학소자를포함하는자동차.
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- 2020-02-20 WO PCT/KR2020/002452 patent/WO2020175849A1/ko unknown
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- 2020-02-20 TW TW109105474A patent/TWI787584B/zh active
- 2020-02-20 CN CN202080010413.1A patent/CN113330347B/zh active Active
- 2020-02-20 KR KR1020200020779A patent/KR102466773B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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TWI787584B (zh) | 2022-12-21 |
CN113330347A (zh) | 2021-08-31 |
EP3933482A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
KR102466773B1 (ko) | 2022-11-15 |
TW202101059A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
KR20200103547A (ko) | 2020-09-02 |
JP7187758B2 (ja) | 2022-12-13 |
CN113330347B (zh) | 2023-08-18 |
US20220011619A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
JP2022521042A (ja) | 2022-04-05 |
US11880112B2 (en) | 2024-01-23 |
EP3933482A4 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
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