WO2020151366A1 - 一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151366A1
WO2020151366A1 PCT/CN2019/121638 CN2019121638W WO2020151366A1 WO 2020151366 A1 WO2020151366 A1 WO 2020151366A1 CN 2019121638 W CN2019121638 W CN 2019121638W WO 2020151366 A1 WO2020151366 A1 WO 2020151366A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure relief
sleeve
rod body
rod
piston
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PCT/CN2019/121638
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
南华
南龙飞
温英明
法埃仁
韩志强
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河南理工大学
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Application filed by 河南理工大学 filed Critical 河南理工大学
Publication of WO2020151366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151366A1/zh
Priority to US17/039,132 priority Critical patent/US11041385B2/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0046—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinally
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of bolt support, and in particular relates to a hydraulic constant resistance deformation automatic pressure relief bolt for mines and a working method thereof.
  • the present invention provides a hydraulic constant-resistance deformation automatic pressure-relieving anchor rod for mines that adopts hydraulic technology, has strong tensile capacity, good pressure relief capacity, and high supporting strength and its working method .
  • a hydraulic constant-resistance deformation automatic pressure relief anchor rod for mines comprising a sleeve, a pressure relief tube and a rod which are all arranged in the left and right directions.
  • the left end of the sleeve is open and the right end is open.
  • a blocking plate is provided.
  • a guide hole is opened in the center of the blocking plate.
  • the left part of the rod body extends through the guide hole into the sleeve.
  • the pressure relief pipe is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve along the length of the sleeve.
  • the right end of the pressure relief pipe is connected to the blocking plate.
  • the left end of the pressure relief pipe is connected with an overflow valve
  • the left end of the rod body is provided with a piston that is sliding and sealingly fitted with the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the pressure relief pipe
  • the plugging plate is provided with the inner wall of the guide hole and the left part of the rod body.
  • the outer circle sliding sealingly matched sealing ring, the sleeve is filled with emulsion in the sealed cavity formed between the blocking plate and the piston.
  • An external thread is arranged on the outer circumference of the left end of the sleeve, a tray is sleeved on the left side of the sleeve, and a nut for pressing the left side of the tray is screwed on the external thread.
  • the right part of the rod body is located on the right side of the blocking plate, the diameter of the right part of the rod body is larger than the diameter of the left part of the rod body, and the left end of the right part of the rod body and the right end of the left part of the rod body are coaxially threaded.
  • the piston and the left part of the rod body are integrally formed by casting, the right side of the piston is provided with an annular groove around the rod body, and the cross section of the annular groove is a curved surface structure with an open right end.
  • a mining hydraulic constant resistance deformation automatic pressure relief bolt is a working method, including the following steps:
  • the rod body is formed by screwing the left and right parts with different outer diameters. This is not only convenient for production, but also convenient for installation. More importantly, the left end of the right part of the rod body is pressed against the right side of the blocking plate after pressing contact Avoid moving the piston to the left in the sleeve.
  • the piston and the left part of the rod body are formed by integral casting, which improves the strength of the two structures and avoids the piston and the rod body from being detached and damaged during tension.
  • the right side of the piston is provided with an annular groove around the rod body, and the cross section of the annular groove is a curved surface structure with an open right end, which can fully realize the conversion of tensile and compressive stress and reduce the stress concentration of compressive stress at the joint.
  • the present invention uses hydraulic technology to realize the constant resistance deformation of the bolt, which greatly enhances the tensile capacity of the bolt and the ability to deal with a series of problems such as high stress and high osmotic pressure faced by deep mining. This ensures that the anchor rod still has a strong supporting effect under complex conditions such as high stress and high osmotic pressure in deep mining, and in a real sense, the constant resistance and pressure relief of the anchor rod can be realized.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer circumference of the piston in cooperation with the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the pressure relief tube;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the invention in the initial stage of driving into a borehole for supporting;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the constant resistance deformation stage of the present invention during the supporting process.
  • a hydraulic constant-resistance deformation automatic pressure relief bolt for mines of the present invention includes a sleeve 2, a pressure relief tube 9 and a rod 4 that are all arranged in the left and right directions.
  • the left end of the sleeve 2 is open.
  • a blocking plate 10 is provided at the right end of the mouth and the center of the blocking plate 10 is provided with a guide hole.
  • the left part of the rod body 4 extends through the guide hole into the sleeve 2.
  • the pressure relief pipe 9 is fixedly arranged in the sleeve along the length direction of the sleeve 2.
  • the piston 3 and the blocking plate 10 are provided with a sealing ring that is slidingly and sealingly matched with the outer circle of the left part of the rod body 4 on the inner wall of the guide hole.
  • the sleeve 2 contains emulsion in the sealed cavity formed between the blocking plate 10 and the piston 3 5.
  • the outer circumference of the left end of the sleeve 2 is provided with an external thread 7, a tray 6 is sleeved on the left side of the sleeve 2, and a nut 1 for pressing the left side of the tray 6 is screwed on the external thread 7.
  • the right part of the rod body 4 is located on the right side of the blocking plate 10, the diameter of the right part of the rod body 4 is larger than the diameter of the left part of the rod body 4, and the left end of the right part of the rod body 4 and the right end of the left part of the rod body 4 are coaxially threaded.
  • the piston 3 and the left part of the rod 4 are integrally formed by casting.
  • the right side of the piston 3 is provided with an annular groove 11 around the rod 4, and the cross section of the annular groove 11 is a curved structure with an open right end.
  • a mining hydraulic constant resistance deformation automatic pressure relief bolt is a working method, including the following steps:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法，锚杆包括均沿左右方向设置的套筒（2）、泄压管（9）和杆体（4），套筒（2）左端敞口、右端设置有堵板（10），堵板（10）中心开设有导孔，杆体（4）左部穿过导孔伸入到套筒（2）内，泄压管（9）沿套筒（2）的长度方向固定设置在套筒（2）内壁，泄压管（9）右端与堵板（10）左侧面具有间隙，泄压管（9）左端连接有溢流阀（8），杆体（4）左端设置有与套筒（2）内壁及泄压管（9）外壁滑动密封配合的活塞（3），堵板（10）上在导孔内壁处设置有与杆体（4）左部的外圆滑动密封配合的密封圈，套筒（2）内在堵板（10）和活塞（3）之间形成的密封腔内盛装有乳化液（5）。

Description

一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明属于锚杆支护技术领域，具体涉及一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法。
背景技术
自1912年德国谢列兹矿最先采用锚杆支护井下巷道以来，锚杆支护以其结构简单，施工方便、成本低和对工程适应性强等特点，在土木工程(包括采矿工程)中得到了广泛应用。但传统的刚性锚杆所能允许的巷道围岩的变形量一般在200mm以下，不能适应巷道围岩大变形而被拉断失效。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种采用液压技术、抗拉能力强、泄压能力好、支护强度高的矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆，包括均沿左右方向设置的套筒、泄压管和杆体，套筒左端敞口、右端设置有堵板，堵板中心开设有导孔，杆体左部穿过导孔伸入到套筒内，泄压管沿套筒的长度方向固定设置在套筒内壁，泄压管右端与堵板左侧面具有间隙，泄压管左端连接有溢流阀，杆体左端设置有与套筒内壁及泄压管外壁滑动密封配合的活塞，堵板上在导孔内壁处设置有与杆体左部的外圆滑动密封配合的密封圈，套筒内在堵板和活塞之间形成的密封腔内盛装有乳化液。
套筒左端外圆周设置有外螺纹，套筒左侧套装有托盘，外螺纹上螺纹连接有用于压紧托盘左侧的螺母。
杆体右部位于堵板右侧，杆体右部的直径大于杆体左部的直径，杆体右部的左端和杆体左部的右端同轴线螺纹连接。
活塞与杆体左部采用铸造的方式一体成型，活塞右侧面在杆体周围设置有环形槽，环形槽的横截面为右端敞口的曲面结构。
一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆是工作方法，包括以下步骤，
(1)首先将泄压管焊接到套筒内壁上，再把一体铸造成型的活塞与杆体左部置于套筒内，活塞外圆周上预先开设有一个凹槽，实现活塞与泄压管的滑动密封配合，在泄压管左端安装上溢流阀，杆体左部穿过堵板的导孔向右伸出堵板，再讲杆体左部的右端与杆体右部的左端螺纹连接在一体；
(2)通过溢流阀通过泄压管向套筒内注入乳化液，待乳化液充满套筒与杆体左部之间的密封腔后停止注液；
(3)使用锚杆机将所述的锚杆打入到钻孔内，将锚杆右部的右端一段通过锚固剂锚固在钻孔内端，安装上托盘，在套管左端部拧上螺母；
(4)当锚杆在支护过程中承受拉应力时，通过杆体向右移动，拉动活塞向右移动，活塞将承受的拉应力转化成对乳化液的压应力，乳化液在承压过程中逐渐由泄压管通过溢流阀排出，锚杆的变形量即为套筒的长度加上杆体自身的变形量；且在整个液压过程中实现了完全恒阻变形，保证了锚杆对各种应力形式的承受能力。
采用上述技术方案，杆体由外径不同的左部和右部螺纹连接而成，这不仅便于制作，而且方便安装，更重要的时，杆体右部的左端与堵板右侧面顶 压接触后避免活塞在套筒内向左移动。
活塞与杆体左部采用一体铸造成型的方式，提高两结构的强度，避免在承拉时活塞与杆体脱离而损坏。
活塞右侧面在杆体周围设置有环形槽，环形槽的横截面为右端敞口的曲面结构，既能完全实现拉压应力的转换又能减小压应力在连接处的应力集中现象。
综上所述，本发明利用液压技术实现了锚杆的恒阻变形，大大增强了锚杆的承拉能力和对深部开采面临的高应力、高渗透压等一系列问题的应对能力。从而保证锚杆在深部开采中高应力、高渗透压等复杂情况下仍然具有较强的支护效果，真正意义上实现锚杆的恒阻泄压。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是活塞外圆周与套筒内壁及泄压管外壁配合的横截面示意图；
图3本发明打入钻孔内进行支护初期的示意图；
图4是本发明在支护过程中恒阻变形阶段的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示，本发明的一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆，包括均沿左右方向设置的套筒2、泄压管9和杆体4，套筒2左端敞口、右端设置有堵板10，堵板10中心开设有导孔，杆体4左部穿过导孔伸入到套筒2内，泄压管9沿套筒2的长度方向固定设置在套筒2内壁，泄压管9右端与堵板 10左侧面具有间隙，泄压管9左端连接有溢流阀8，杆体4左端设置有与套筒2内壁及泄压管9外壁滑动密封配合的活塞3，堵板10上在导孔内壁处设置有与杆体4左部的外圆滑动密封配合的密封圈，套筒2内在堵板10和活塞3之间形成的密封腔内盛装有乳化液5。
套筒2左端外圆周设置有外螺纹7，套筒2左侧套装有托盘6，外螺纹7上螺纹连接有用于压紧托盘6左侧的螺母1。
杆体4右部位于堵板10右侧，杆体4右部的直径大于杆体4左部的直径，杆体4右部的左端和杆体4左部的右端同轴线螺纹连接。
活塞3与杆体4左部采用铸造的方式一体成型，活塞3右侧面在杆体4周围设置有环形槽11，环形槽11的横截面为右端敞口的曲面结构。
一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆是工作方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)首先将泄压管9焊接到套筒2内壁上，再把一体铸造成型的活塞3与杆体4左部置于套筒2内，活塞3外圆周上预先开设有一个凹槽，实现活塞3与泄压管9的滑动密封配合，在泄压管9左端安装上溢流阀8，杆体4左部穿过堵板10的导孔向右伸出堵板10，再讲杆体4左部的右端与杆体4右部的左端螺纹连接在一体；
(2)通过溢流阀8通过泄压管9向套筒2内注入乳化液5，待乳化液5充满套筒2与杆体4左部之间的密封腔后停止注液；
(3)使用锚杆机将所述的锚杆打入到钻孔内，将锚杆右部的右端一段通过锚固剂锚固在钻孔内端，安装上托盘6，在套管左端部拧上螺母1；如图3所示；
(4)当锚杆在支护过程中承受拉应力时，通过杆体4向右移动，拉动活 塞3向右移动，活塞3将承受的拉应力转化成对乳化液5的压应力，乳化液5在承压过程中逐渐由泄压管9通过溢流阀8排出，锚杆的变形量即为套筒2的长度加上杆体4自身的变形量；且在整个液压过程中实现了完全恒阻变形，保证了锚杆对各种应力形式的承受能力。如图4所示。
本实施例并非对本发明的形状、材料、结构等作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆，其特征在于：包括均沿左右方向设置的套筒、泄压管和杆体，套筒左端敞口、右端设置有堵板，堵板中心开设有导孔，杆体左部穿过导孔伸入到套筒内，泄压管沿套筒的长度方向固定设置在套筒内壁，泄压管右端与堵板左侧面具有间隙，泄压管左端连接有溢流阀，杆体左端设置有与套筒内壁及泄压管外壁滑动密封配合的活塞，堵板上在导孔内壁处设置有与杆体左部的外圆滑动密封配合的密封圈，套筒内在堵板和活塞之间形成的密封腔内盛装有乳化液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆，其特征在于：套筒左端外圆周设置有外螺纹，套筒左侧套装有托盘，外螺纹上螺纹连接有用于压紧托盘左侧的螺母。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆，其特征在于：杆体右部位于堵板右侧，杆体右部的直径大于杆体左部的直径，杆体右部的左端和杆体左部的右端同轴线螺纹连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆，其特征在于：活塞与杆体左部采用铸造的方式一体成型，活塞右侧面在杆体周围设置有环形槽，环形槽的横截面为右端敞口的曲面结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆是工作方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
    (1)首先将泄压管焊接到套筒内壁上，再把一体铸造成型的活塞与杆体左部置于套筒内，活塞外圆周上预先开设有一个凹槽，实现活塞与泄压管的滑动密封配合，在泄压管左端安装上溢流阀，杆体左部穿过堵板的导孔向右伸出堵板，再讲杆体左部的右端与杆体右部的左端螺纹连接在一体；
    (2)通过溢流阀通过泄压管向套筒内注入乳化液，待乳化液充满套筒与杆体左部之间的密封腔后停止注液；
    (3)使用锚杆机将所述的锚杆打入到钻孔内，将锚杆右部的右端一段通过锚固剂锚固在钻孔内端，安装上托盘，在套管左端部拧上螺母；
    (4)当锚杆在支护过程中承受拉应力时，通过杆体向右移动，拉动活塞向右移动，活塞将承受的拉应力转化成对乳化液的压应力，乳化液在承压过程中逐渐由泄压管通过溢流阀排出，锚杆的变形量即为套筒的长度加上杆体自身的变形量；且在整个液压过程中实现了完全恒阻变形，保证了锚杆对各种应力形式的承受能力。
PCT/CN2019/121638 2019-01-21 2019-11-28 一种矿用液压恒阻变形自动泄压锚杆及其工作方法 WO2020151366A1 (zh)

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