WO2020150888A1 - 指纹识别装置和电子设备 - Google Patents

指纹识别装置和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020150888A1
WO2020150888A1 PCT/CN2019/072649 CN2019072649W WO2020150888A1 WO 2020150888 A1 WO2020150888 A1 WO 2020150888A1 CN 2019072649 W CN2019072649 W CN 2019072649W WO 2020150888 A1 WO2020150888 A1 WO 2020150888A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
optical
fingerprint
identification device
fingerprint identification
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/072649
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜灿鸿
Original Assignee
深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN201980000116.6A priority Critical patent/CN109863506B/zh
Priority to EP19808528.4A priority patent/EP3706036B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/072649 priority patent/WO2020150888A1/zh
Priority to CN201920857662.9U priority patent/CN210109828U/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/090436 priority patent/WO2020151159A1/zh
Priority to CN201980002383.7A priority patent/CN110720106B/zh
Priority to CN202020145246.9U priority patent/CN211349383U/zh
Priority to US16/697,165 priority patent/US11275922B2/en
Publication of WO2020150888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020150888A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1312—Sensors therefor direct reading, e.g. contactless acquisition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1318—Sensors therefor using electro-optical elements or layers, e.g. electroluminescent sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G06F21/32—User authentication using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1335—Combining adjacent partial images (e.g. slices) to create a composite input or reference pattern; Tracking a sweeping finger movement

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of information technology, and more specifically, to a fingerprint identification device and electronic equipment.
  • a light path guide structure is usually used to guide the reflected light signal carrying fingerprint information to the optical fingerprint sensor for collection, and the collected information is compared with the fingerprint information registered and stored in advance to confirm the legitimacy of the user's identity.
  • the thickness of the optical path guide structure can be reduced to reduce the overall thickness of the optical fingerprint identification device, but this may have an impact on the imaging effect of the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a fingerprint identification device and electronic equipment, which have a smaller thickness and a better imaging effect.
  • a fingerprint identification device including:
  • the optical path guiding structure is arranged between the display screen and the optical fingerprint sensor, and is used to guide the light signal that is incident on the finger above the display screen at a preset angle and reflected by the finger to the optical fingerprint sensor;
  • the optical fingerprint sensor is arranged below the optical path guiding structure and is used to detect the received optical signal.
  • the optical path guiding structure includes:
  • the microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses, wherein each microlens is used to converge the received optical signal;
  • At least one light-blocking layer is sequentially arranged under the microlens array, wherein each light-blocking layer includes a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of microlenses, and the at least one light-blocking layer is connected to the same microlens The corresponding openings are used to guide the optical signals collected by the same microlens to the optical fingerprint sensor in sequence.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor includes a plurality of optical sensing units corresponding to the plurality of microlenses, wherein the openings in the at least one light blocking layer corresponding to the same microlens It is used to guide the optical signals converged by the same microlens to the optical sensing unit corresponding to the same microlens in sequence.
  • the apertures of the openings in the at least one light blocking layer corresponding to the same microlens are sequentially reduced from top to bottom.
  • the distance between two adjacent light blocking layers is equal.
  • the lateral spacing between the openings in two adjacent light blocking layers corresponding to the same microlens is equal.
  • the light path guiding structure further includes a light-transmitting medium, and the microlens medium is used to fill between the at least one light-blocking layer to connect the at least one light-blocking layer.
  • the microlens array is arranged on the upper surface of the light-transmitting medium.
  • the light-transmitting medium is arranged on the upper surface of the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the lenses in the microlens array are spherical microlenses or aspherical microlenses.
  • the light path guiding structure includes: a light pipe array, the light pipe array includes a plurality of inclined light pipes, wherein each light pipe is used to transfer the received light The signal is directed to the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor includes a plurality of optical sensing units corresponding to the plurality of light pipes, wherein each light pipe is used to guide the received light signal to its The corresponding optical sensor unit.
  • the light guide tube is an optical fiber, or a through hole penetrating the upper surface and the lower surface of the light path guiding structure.
  • the preset angle is 5° to 35°, for example 15°.
  • an electronic device for fingerprint identification including a display screen, and the fingerprint identification device in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the display screen is an organic light emitting diode OLED display screen or a liquid crystal LCD display screen.
  • the optical path guiding structure in the fingerprint identification device can guide the light that is obliquely incident at a preset angle and reflected by the finger to the optical fingerprint sensor. Because the optical path guiding structure adopts an oblique optical path, and the reflected intensity of obliquely incident light is higher than that of vertically incident light, the imaging contrast of the optical fingerprint sensor is improved, and the thickness of the fingerprint identification device is greatly reduced.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device to which this application can be applied.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a fingerprint identification device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fingerprint identification device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path guide structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fingerprint identification device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • embodiments of this application can be applied to optical fingerprint systems, including but not limited to optical fingerprint identification systems and medical diagnostic products based on optical fingerprint imaging.
  • the embodiments of this application only take optical fingerprint systems as an example for illustration, but should not The embodiments of the application constitute any limitation, and the embodiments of the application are also applicable to other systems using optical imaging technology.
  • the optical fingerprint system provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to smart phones, tablet computers, and other mobile terminals with display screens or other terminal devices; more specifically, in the above-mentioned terminal devices, fingerprint identification
  • the device may specifically be an optical fingerprint device, which may be arranged in a partial area or an entire area below the display screen to form an under-display (under-screen) optical fingerprint system.
  • the fingerprint identification device may also be partially or fully integrated into the display screen of the terminal device, thereby forming an in-display or in-screen optical fingerprint system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device to which the embodiment of the application can be applied.
  • the terminal device 10 includes a display screen 120 and an optical fingerprint device 130, wherein the optical fingerprint device 130 is arranged below the display screen 120 Local area.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 includes an optical fingerprint sensor, and the optical fingerprint sensor includes a sensing array 133 having a plurality of optical sensing units 131.
  • the area where the sensing array is located or its sensing area is the fingerprint detection area 103 of the optical fingerprint device 130.
  • the fingerprint detection area 103 is located in the display area of the display screen 120.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 can also be arranged in other positions, such as the side of the display screen 120 or the non-transparent area of the edge of the terminal device 10, and the optical fingerprint device 130 can be designed to The optical signal of at least part of the display area of the display screen 120 is guided to the optical fingerprint device 130, so that the fingerprint detection area 103 is actually located in the display area of the display screen 120.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 can also be arranged in other positions, such as the side of the display screen 120 or the non-transparent area of the edge of the terminal device 10, and the optical fingerprint device 130 can be designed to The optical signal of at least part of the display area of the display screen 120 is guided to the optical fingerprint device 130, so that the fingerprint detection area 103 is actually located in the display area of the display screen 120.
  • the area of the fingerprint detection area 103 may be different from the area of the sensing array of the optical fingerprint device 130, for example, through optical path design such as lens imaging, reflective folding optical path design, or other optical path design such as light convergence or reflection, etc.
  • the area of the fingerprint detection area 103 of the optical fingerprint device 130 can be made larger than the area of the sensing array of the optical fingerprint device 130.
  • the fingerprint detection area 103 of the optical fingerprint device 130 may also be designed to be substantially the same as the area of the sensing array of the optical fingerprint device 130.
  • the area of the fingerprint collection area 103 may be different from the area of the sensing array of the optical fingerprint recognition device 130, for example, through a light path design such as lens imaging, a reflective folding light path design, or other light converging or reflecting light path designs.
  • the area of the fingerprint collection area 103 of the optical fingerprint identification device 130 can be made larger than the area of the sensing array of the optical fingerprint identification device 130.
  • the fingerprint collection area 103 of the optical fingerprint identification device 130 may also be designed to be consistent with the area of the sensing array of the optical fingerprint identification device 130.
  • the terminal device 10 adopting the above structure does not need to reserve space on its front to set up fingerprint buttons (such as the Home button), so that a full screen solution can be adopted, that is, the display area of the display screen 120 It can be basically extended to the front of the entire terminal device 10.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 includes a light detecting part 134 and an optical component 132.
  • the light detection part 134 includes the sensing array, a reading circuit electrically connected to the sensing array, and other auxiliary circuits, which can be fabricated on a chip (Die), such as an optical imaging chip or an optical fingerprint, through a semiconductor process. sensor.
  • the sensing array is specifically a photodetector (Photodetector) array, which includes a plurality of photodetectors distributed in an array, and the photodetectors can be used as the above-mentioned optical sensing unit.
  • Photodetector Photodetector
  • the optical component 132 may be disposed above the sensing array of the light detecting part 134, and it may specifically include a filter layer (Filter), a light guide layer or a light path guiding structure, and other optical elements.
  • the filter layer may It is used to filter out ambient light penetrating the finger, and the light guide layer or light path guiding structure is mainly used to guide the reflected light reflected from the surface of the finger to the sensing array for optical detection.
  • the optical assembly 132 and the light detecting part 134 may be packaged in the same optical fingerprint component.
  • the optical component 132 and the optical detection part 134 can be packaged in the same optical fingerprint chip, or the optical component 132 can be arranged outside the chip where the optical detection part 134 is located, for example, the optical component 132 is attached above the chip, or some components of the optical assembly 132 are integrated into the chip.
  • the light guide layer or light path guiding structure of the optical component 132 has multiple implementation schemes.
  • the light guide layer may specifically be a collimator layer made on a semiconductor silicon wafer, which has multiple A collimating unit or a micro-hole array
  • the collimating unit can be specifically a small hole
  • the reflected light reflected from the finger the light that is perpendicularly incident on the collimating unit can pass through and be the optical sensing unit below it
  • the light with an excessively large incident angle is attenuated by multiple reflections inside the collimating unit. Therefore, each optical sensor unit can basically only receive the reflected light reflected by the fingerprint pattern directly above it.
  • the sensor array can detect the fingerprint image of the finger.
  • the light guide layer or the light path guide structure may also be an optical lens (Lens) layer, which has one or more lens units, such as a lens group composed of one or more aspheric lenses, which The sensing array used to converge the reflected light reflected from the finger to the light detection part 134 below it, so that the sensing array can perform imaging based on the reflected light, thereby obtaining a fingerprint image of the finger.
  • the optical lens layer may further have a pinhole formed in the optical path of the lens unit, and the pinhole may cooperate with the optical lens layer to expand the field of view of the optical fingerprint device to improve the optical The fingerprint imaging effect of the fingerprint device 130.
  • the light guide layer or the light path guide structure may also specifically adopt a micro-lens (Micro-Lens) layer.
  • the micro-lens layer has a micro-lens array formed by a plurality of micro-lenses, which can be grown by semiconductors.
  • a process or other processes are formed above the sensing array of the light detecting part 134, and each microlens may correspond to one of the sensing units of the sensing array.
  • other optical film layers may be formed between the micro lens layer and the sensing unit, such as a dielectric layer or a passivation layer.
  • a light blocking layer (or called a light shielding layer) with microholes may also be included, wherein the microholes are formed between the corresponding microlens and the sensing unit.
  • the light blocking layer can block the optical interference between the adjacent microlens and the sensing unit, and make the light corresponding to the sensing unit converge into the microhole through the microlens and pass through the microhole. It is transmitted to the sensing unit for optical fingerprint imaging.
  • a micro lens layer can be further provided above or below the collimator layer or the optical lens layer.
  • the collimator layer or the optical lens layer is used in combination with the microlens layer, its specific laminated structure or optical path may need to be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the display screen 120 may be a display screen with a self-luminous display unit, such as an organic light-emitting diode (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED) display or a micro-LED (Micro-LED) display Screen.
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • Micro-LED Micro-LED
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 may use the display unit (ie, an OLED light source) of the OLED display screen 120 located in the fingerprint detection area 103 as an excitation light source for optical fingerprint detection.
  • the display screen 120 emits a beam of light 111 to the target finger 140 above the fingerprint detection area 103.
  • the light 111 is reflected on the surface of the finger 140 to form reflected light or pass through all the fingers.
  • the finger 140 scatters to form scattered light.
  • the above-mentioned reflected light and scattered light are collectively referred to as reflected light. Since the ridge and valley of the fingerprint have different light reflection capabilities, the reflected light 151 from the fingerprint ridge and the occurrence 152 from the fingerprint valley have different light intensities.
  • the terminal device 10 Realize optical fingerprint recognition function.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 may also use a built-in light source or an external light source to provide an optical signal for fingerprint detection.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 may be suitable for non-self-luminous display screens, such as liquid crystal display screens or other passively-luminous display screens.
  • the optical fingerprint system of the terminal device 10 may also include an excitation light source for optical fingerprint detection.
  • the excitation light source may specifically be an infrared light source or a light source of non-visible light of a specific wavelength, which may be arranged under the backlight module of the liquid crystal display or arranged in the edge area under the protective cover of the terminal device 10, and the The optical fingerprint device 130 can be arranged under the edge area of the liquid crystal panel or the protective cover and guided by the light path so that the fingerprint detection light can reach the optical fingerprint device 130; or, the optical fingerprint device 130 can also be arranged in the backlight module. Under the group, and the backlight module is designed to allow the fingerprint detection light to pass through the liquid crystal panel and the backlight module and reach the optical fingerprint device 130 by opening holes or other optical designs on the film layers such as diffuser, brightness enhancement film, and reflective film. .
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 adopts a built-in light source or an external light source to provide an optical signal for fingerprint detection, the detection principle is the same as that described above.
  • the terminal device 10 further includes a transparent protective cover, and the cover may be a glass cover or a sapphire cover, which is located above the display screen 120 and covers the terminal.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 may include only one optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the fingerprint detection area 103 of the optical fingerprint device 130 has a small area and a fixed position, so the user is performing fingerprint input At this time, it is necessary to press the finger to a specific position of the fingerprint detection area 103, otherwise the optical fingerprint device 130 may not be able to collect fingerprint images, resulting in poor user experience.
  • the optical fingerprint device 130 may specifically include multiple optical fingerprint sensors. The multiple optical fingerprint sensors may be arranged side by side under the display screen 120 in a splicing manner, and the sensing areas of the multiple optical fingerprint sensors together constitute the fingerprint detection area 103 of the optical fingerprint device 130.
  • the fingerprint detection area 103 of the optical fingerprint device 130 may include multiple sub-areas, and each sub-area corresponds to the sensing area of one of the optical fingerprint sensors, so that the fingerprint collection area 103 of the optical fingerprint module 130 It can be extended to the main area of the lower half of the display screen, that is, to the area where the finger is habitually pressed, so as to realize the blind fingerprint input operation.
  • the fingerprint detection area 130 can also be extended to half of the display area or even the entire display area, thereby realizing half-screen or full-screen fingerprint detection.
  • the thickness of the light path guiding structure for example, to reduce the thickness of the collimator with an array of collimating holes, that is, to reduce the "hole depth of the collimating hole in the collimator". /Aperture" value.
  • the reduction of "hole depth/aperture” makes the light receiving angle of the collimating hole larger and the collimation degree reduced, thereby affecting the imaging effect of the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a fingerprint identification device, which has a smaller thickness and a better imaging effect.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the fingerprint identification device 200 can be applied to an electronic device with a display screen.
  • the fingerprint identification device 200 includes an optical path guiding structure (or called a light layer, an optical path modulation structure, etc.) 210 and an optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • an optical path guiding structure or called a light layer, an optical path modulation structure, etc.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 is arranged between the display screen and the optical fingerprint sensor 220, and is used to guide the optical signal obliquely incident on the finger above the display screen at a preset angle i and reflected by the finger to the optical fingerprint sensor 220 .
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 220 is arranged under the light path guiding structure 210 and is used to detect the received light signal.
  • the preset angle i is greater than 0°, for example, 5° ⁇ i ⁇ 35°. After the light incident at the angle i is reflected by the finger, the reflection angle of the reflected light is equal to i. The reflected light is refracted by the lower surface of the display screen and/or the upper surface of the light path guiding structure, and finally enters the light path guiding structure 210 obliquely.
  • the light path guiding structure 210 can guide the light incident obliquely at a preset angle i and reflected by the finger to the optical fingerprint sensor 220. Since the reflection intensity of obliquely incident light is higher than that of vertically incident light, the imaging contrast of the optical fingerprint sensor 220 is improved, and the thickness of the fingerprint identification device 200 is greatly reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides two types of light path guiding structures 210, which can guide oblique light. They are described separately below.
  • the light path guiding structure 210 includes a micro lens array and at least one light blocking layer.
  • the microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses, and each microlens is used to converge the light signal it receives.
  • the at least one light-blocking layer is sequentially arranged under the microlens array, wherein each light-blocking layer includes a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of microlenses, and the openings in the at least one light-blocking layer corresponding to the same microlens are used Then, the optical signals collected by the same microlens are sequentially guided to the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the plurality of microlenses in the microlens array may be, for example, spherical microlenses or aspherical microlenses, or the plurality of microlenses include both spherical lenses and aspherical lenses. As long as the convergence of light can be achieved. Also, the micro lens can be replaced with a lens.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 220 is used to detect incident light satisfying a preset angle i. Only the incident light satisfying the preset angle i is incident on the finger above the display screen and reflected by the finger before it can be guided by the optical path guide structure 210 It is guided to the optical fingerprint sensor 220, and light incident from other angles cannot reach the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 220 forms a "bright line” after receiving the light reflected by the valley, and correspondingly, the optical fingerprint sensor 220 forms a "dark line” after receiving the light reflected by the ridge.
  • the collimator with the collimating hole array can only receive the light reflected vertically by the finger, and in the embodiment of the present application, the light path guiding structure 210 adopts an inclined light path, and the light incident on the finger at a preset angle i and reflected by the finger
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 220 can be reached. Since the reflected intensity of obliquely incident light is greater than that of vertically incident light, the optical fingerprint sensor 220 has a higher contrast between the "bright line” and the "dark line” obtained by imaging the oblique light signal collected by the optical fingerprint sensor 220. The imaging effect of the sensor 220 is better.
  • each light-blocking layer in the optical path guiding structure 210 can not only realize the optical path guidance, but also effectively prevent light crosstalk and block stray light, so that only the light that satisfies the preset angle i can pass through the optical path guiding structure 210 Reach the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of the at least one light blocking layer. Too many light blocking layers will increase the thickness and complexity of the light path guiding structure 210, while too few light blocking layers will bring more interference light and affect the imaging effect. In actual use, a reasonable number of light blocking layers can be set according to requirements.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 adopts an oblique light path. Therefore, the corresponding microlenses are located in different light blocking layers. There is a lateral spacing between the openings.
  • the openings corresponding to the same microlens in at least one light blocking layer in the light path guiding structure 210 are sequentially located on the optical path of the oblique light condensed by the microlens from top to bottom.
  • the lateral spacing between the openings in two adjacent light blocking layers corresponding to the same lens may be equal or unequal.
  • the distance between two adjacent light blocking layers may also be equal or unequal.
  • the lateral spacing between the openings in the two adjacent light-blocking layers corresponding to the same microlens is also equal.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 220 includes an optical sensing unit (or referred to as a photosensitive pixel (pixel)) array, and a plurality of optical sensing units in the optical sensing unit array correspond to a plurality of microlenses in the microlens array.
  • the openings in the at least one light blocking layer corresponding to the same microlens are used to guide the light signals condensed by the same microlens to the optical sensing unit corresponding to the same microlens in sequence.
  • one microlens may correspond to a plurality of optical sensing units, or one optical sensing unit may correspond to a plurality of microlenses, here Not limited.
  • the apertures of the openings in the at least one light blocking layer corresponding to the same microlens are sequentially reduced from top to bottom.
  • the microlens Since the microlens is used to converge the light received by it, the width of the light condensed by the microlens gradually decreases from top to bottom. Therefore, by setting the apertures of the openings in the different light-blocking layers corresponding to the microlens to decrease sequentially from top to bottom, the light reaching the optical fingerprint sensor 220 can be made into a narrow beam, thereby realizing the optical fingerprint sensor 220's light The narrow angle reception further improves the imaging clarity of the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the light path guiding structure 210 further includes a light-transmitting medium, and the light-transmitting medium is used to fill between the at least one light-blocking layer to connect the at least one light-blocking layer.
  • the micro lens array is arranged on the upper surface of the light-transmitting medium.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 is provided on the upper surface of the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 in the embodiment of the present application may be packaged with the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 may be arranged on the upper surface of the optical fingerprint sensor 220 by means of gluing, that is, optical sensing.
  • the upper surface of the unit array; or, the optical path guiding structure 210 can also be arranged above the optical fingerprint sensor 220 as a relatively independent component from the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible structure of the fingerprint identification device of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical path guiding structure shown in FIG. 3 includes a lens array and three light-blocking layers (Layer Shelter, LS).
  • the micro lens array is located at a specific position under the display screen, and is used to converge the reflected light from the finger on the display screen.
  • the three light-blocking layers are sequentially located below the lens array, and are used to guide the light collected by the micro lens array to the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the three light blocking layers are, from top to bottom, the light blocking layer LS3, the light blocking layer LS2, and the light blocking layer LS1.
  • a light-transmitting medium is filled between the three light-blocking layers.
  • the light-blocking layer LS3, the light-blocking layer LS2 and the light-blocking layer LS1 are opened in an array at designated positions.
  • the openings corresponding to the microlens 1 are the openings on the light blocking layer LS3, the openings 2 on the light blocking layer LS2, and the openings 3 on the light blocking layer LS1.
  • the distance between the micro lens array and the light blocking layer LS1 is P 0
  • the distance between the light blocking layer LS1 and the optical sensing unit of the optical fingerprint sensor is P 1 .
  • the micro lens array is arranged on the upper surface of the filling medium, and the micro lens in the micro lens array is a convex lens with a spherical radius R.
  • the chord length L formed by the microlens in the upper surface of the light-transmitting medium is equal to the distance L between adjacent optical sensing units of the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • each optical sensing unit corresponds to a micro lens as an example.
  • the optical signal condensed by each microlens is sequentially guided to its corresponding optical sensing unit by the opening corresponding to the microlens.
  • the working process of the optical path guiding structure is described. After the light incident at the preset angle i is reflected by the finger, it passes through the optical path guiding structure and finally reaches the optical fingerprint sensor. Specifically, the light satisfying the preset angle i is incident on the finger above the display screen and reflected by the finger, and a reflected light with a reflection angle equal to i is obtained. The reflected light is refracted on the lower surface of the display screen and is incident at an angle ⁇ Micro lens 1.
  • the microlens 1 converges the received light, and the condensed light sequentially passes through the opening on the light blocking layer LS3, the opening on the light blocking layer LS2, the opening 3 on the light blocking layer LS1, and reaches the optical fingerprint
  • the optical sensing unit corresponding to the microlens 1 on the sensor is
  • the aperture 1 of the light blocking layer LS3 is D1
  • the aperture 2 of the light blocking layer LS2 is D2
  • the aperture 3 of the light blocking layer LS1 is D3. Because D1>D2>D3, the light collected by the optical fingerprint sensor is narrow-angle light, and the light-blocking layer LS3, the light-blocking layer LS2 and the light-blocking layer LS1 can respectively align the opening 1, the opening 2 and the opening 3 The nearby crosstalk light is blocked, thus improving the imaging effect of the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the distance between the light blocking layer LS3 and the light blocking layer LS2 is P3, the distance between the light blocking layer LS2 and the light blocking layer LS1 is P2, and the distance between the light blocking layer LS1 and the optical sensing unit is P1.
  • the horizontal distance between the opening 1 on the light-blocking layer LS3 and the opening 2 on the light-blocking layer LS2 is t2, and the lateral distance between the opening 2 on the light-blocking layer LS2 and the opening 3 on the light-blocking layer LS1
  • the spacing is t1.
  • the optical path guiding structure can guide the light signal incident on the finger at a preset angle i and reflected to the optical fingerprint sensor, which increases the intensity of the light signal received by the optical fingerprint sensor and improves the optical fingerprint The imaging effect of the sensor.
  • the size of the optical sensing unit of the optical fingerprint sensor is usually only 5um to 25um
  • the size of P 0 is usually set to 3 times the distance between adjacent optical sensing units, and the spherical radius R of the microlens can be equal to The distance between adjacent optical sensing units is equal.
  • the thickness of the optical path guiding structure can be very thin, substantially less than 100um, and therefore, the thickness of the fingerprint identification device can be effectively reduced.
  • the thickness of a collimator with a collimating hole array is generally greater than 200um, and in order to meet the imaging requirements of the collimator, the distance between the collimator and the optical fingerprint sensor must meet 500um, so that the fingerprint The thickness of the identification device will be large.
  • the light path guiding structure 210 includes a light pipe array including a plurality of inclined light pipes, wherein each light pipe is used to guide the received light signal to the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the light path guiding structure 210 includes a plurality of light pipes, and the included angle r between the axial direction of each light pipe and the normal direction perpendicular to the surface of the light path guiding structure 210 is greater than 0°.
  • the included angle r is referred to as the inclination angle of the light pipe.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 220 includes a plurality of optical sensing units corresponding to the plurality of light pipes, wherein each light pipe is used to guide the received optical signal to its corresponding optical sensing unit.
  • the light incident on the finger at a predetermined angle i is reflected by the finger and then enters the light path guiding structure 210.
  • the light path guiding structure 210 guides the light so that the reflected light of each light pipe passing through the light path guiding structure 210 is inclined at an angle r Ground incident to the optical sensing unit of the optical fingerprint sensor.
  • the cross section of the light pipe of the light path guiding structure 210 may be circular, elliptical, square or any other shape, for example.
  • the light pipe in the light pipe array is an optical fiber, or a through hole penetrating the upper surface and the lower surface of the light path guiding structure 210.
  • the material of the non-light-guiding region of the optical path guiding structure 210 does not transmit light to the wavelength band used by the fingerprint identification device 200.
  • the material may be silicon, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, or nitride.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 may be packaged with the optical fingerprint sensor 220.
  • the optical path guiding structure 210 is closely attached to the upper surface of the optical fingerprint sensor 220, or exists in the fingerprint identification device 200 as an independent component. There may be a certain distance between the light path guiding structure 210 and the display screen, or there may be no distance.
  • FIG. 5 shows a possible structure of the fingerprint identification device of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the light path guiding structure shown in FIG. 5 includes a light pipe array.
  • the diameter of the light pipe is D, for example, it can be 15um.
  • the thickness of the optical path guiding structure is T, which is usually less than 200um.
  • the distance L between two adjacent light pipes is equal to the distance L between adjacent optical sensing units of the optical fingerprint sensor, for example, L may be 15um.
  • one light pipe corresponds to one optical sensing unit as an example, and each light pipe is used to guide the inclined optical signal to its corresponding optical sensing unit.
  • the working process of the optical path guiding structure is described.
  • the light incident on the finger at the preset angle i is reflected by the finger, and finally reaches the optical fingerprint sensor through the optical path guiding structure.
  • the light satisfying the preset angle i is incident on the finger above the display screen and reflected by the finger to obtain reflected light with a reflection angle equal to i, and the reflected light is refracted on the lower surface of the display screen and the upper surface of the light pipe , And finally enter the light pipe 1 at an angle r.
  • the light pipe 1 guides the received light to the optical sensing unit corresponding to the light pipe 1.
  • the light path guiding structure has a light pipe array composed of inclined light pipes.
  • the light path guiding structure can have a smaller thickness.
  • the inclined light pipe can obtain a thinner optical path guiding structure under the condition of ensuring the same aspect ratio.
  • the propagation path and angle of the light path can be effectively changed, so that the modulation of the light path is more flexible.
  • the optical path guiding structure of this embodiment can also prevent the light signal reflected from the surface of the finger from directly and perpendicularly entering the optical fingerprint sensor, effectively suppressing noise during the above-mentioned optical transmission process, and improving the reliability of the fingerprint detection device. Noise ratio, thereby effectively improving the fingerprint imaging effect.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes a display screen and the fingerprint identification device in the foregoing various embodiments of the present application.
  • the display screen may adopt the display screen described above, such as an LCD display screen or an OLED display screen.
  • the display screen is an OLED display screen
  • the light emitting layer of the display screen includes a plurality of organic light emitting diode light sources
  • the fingerprint identification device adopts at least part of the organic light emitting diode light sources as the excitation light source for fingerprint identification.
  • the electronic device can be a portable or mobile computing device such as a terminal device, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a game device, an in-vehicle electronic device, or a wearable smart device, as well as an electronic database, a car , Bank automatic teller machine (Automated Teller Machine, ATM) and other electronic equipment.
  • the wearable smart device includes full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions that can be realized without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and only focus on a certain type of application function, and need to cooperate with other devices such as smart phones Use, such as various types of smart bracelets, smart jewelry and other equipment for physical sign monitoring.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种指纹识别装置，同时具有更小的厚度以及更好的成像效果。该指纹识别装置包括：光路引导结构，设置在显示屏与光学指纹传感器之间，用于将以预设角度倾斜入射至所述显示屏上方的手指并经所述手指反射的光信号，引导至光学指纹传感器；所述光学指纹传感器，设置在所述光路引导结构下方，用于检测接收到的所述光信号。

Description

指纹识别装置和电子设备 技术领域
本申请涉及信息技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种指纹识别装置和电子设备。
背景技术
随着全面屏的广泛应用，移动终端对屏下指纹识别的设计需求越来越多。传统电容式指纹识别技术面临穿透能力的限制，难以应用于屏下指纹识别***，而光学指纹识别技术较好地突破了显示屏和玻璃厚度的限制，因此具有较好的应用前景。
在光学指纹识别装置中，通常采用光路引导结构将携带指纹信息的反射光信号引导至光学指纹传感器进行采集，根据采集的信息与事先注册和存储的指纹信息进行对比来确认用户身份的合法性。为了满足终端设备的薄型化需求，可以减小光路引导结构的厚度，以降低光学指纹识别装置的整体厚度，但这可能对光学指纹传感器的成像效果带来影响。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种指纹识别装置和电子设备，同时具有更小的厚度以及更好的成像效果。
第一方面，提供了一种指纹识别装置，包括：
光路引导结构，设置在显示屏与光学指纹传感器之间，用于将以预设角度倾斜入射至所述显示屏上方的手指并经所述手指反射的光信号，引导至光学指纹传感器；
所述光学指纹传感器，设置在所述光路引导结构下方，用于检测接收到的所述光信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述光路引导结构包括：
微透镜阵列，包括多个微透镜，其中每个微透镜用于对接收到的所述光信号进行汇聚；
至少一个挡光层，依次设置在所述微透镜阵列下方，其中每个挡光层包括与所述多个微透镜分别对应的多个开孔，所述至少一个挡光层内与同一微 透镜对应的开孔用于将经所述同一微透镜汇聚后的所述光信号依次引导至所述光学指纹传感器。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述光学指纹传感器包括与所述多个微透镜对应的多个光学感应单元，其中，所述至少一个挡光层内与所述同一微透镜对应的开孔用于将经所述同一微透镜汇聚后的所述光信号，依次引导至与所述同一微透镜对应的光学感应单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个挡光层内与所述同一微透镜对应的开孔的孔径，由上至下依次减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中，相邻两个挡光层之间的距离相等。
在一种可能的实现方式中，相邻两个挡光层内与所述同一微透镜对应的开孔之间的横向间距相等。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述光路引导结构还包括透光介质，所述微透镜介质用于填充在所述至少一个挡光层之间，以连接所述至少一个挡光层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述微透镜阵列设置在所述透光介质的上表面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透光介质设置在所述光学指纹传感器的上表面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述微透镜阵列中的透镜为球面微透镜或非球面微透镜。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述光路引导结构包括：导光管阵列，所述导光管阵列包括倾斜的多个导光管，其中每个导光管用于将接收到的所述光信号引导至所述光学指纹传感器。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述光学指纹传感器包括与所述多个导光管对应的多个光学感应单元，其中，每个导光管用于将接收到的所述光信号引导至其对应的光学感应单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光管为光纤，或者为贯穿所述光路引导结构的上表面和下表面的通孔。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述预设角度为5°至35°，例如15°。
第二方面，提供了指纹识别的电子设备，包括显示屏，以及第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的指纹识别装置。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述显示屏为有机发光二极管OLED显示屏 或者液晶LCD显示屏。
基于上述技术方案，指纹识别装置中的光路引导结构能够将以预设角度倾斜入射并经手指反射的光线，引导至光学指纹传感器。由于该光路引导结构采用了倾斜光路，而倾斜入射的光线的反射强度高于垂直入射的光线的反射强度，因此提高了光学指纹传感器的成像对比度，并大大降低该指纹识别装置的厚度。
附图说明
图1是本申请可以适用的电子设备的结构示意图。
图2是本申请实施例的指纹识别装置的示意性框图。
图3是本申请实施例的一种指纹识别装置的结构示意图。
图4是本申请实施例的一种光路引结构的示意图。
图5是本申请实施例的一种指纹识别装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
应理解，本申请实施例可以应用于光学指纹***，包括但不限于光学指纹识别***和基于光学指纹成像的医疗诊断产品，本申请实施例仅以光学指纹***为例进行说明，但不应对本申请实施例构成任何限定，本申请实施例同样适用于其他采用光学成像技术的***等。
作为一种常见的应用场景，本申请实施例提供的光学指纹***可以应用在智能手机、平板电脑以及其他具有显示屏的移动终端或者其他终端设备；更具体地，在上述终端设备中，指纹识别装置可以具体为光学指纹装置，其可以设置在显示屏下方的局部区域或者全部区域，从而形成屏下(Under-display或Under-screen)光学指纹***。或者，所述指纹识别装置也可以部分或者全部集成至所述终端设备的显示屏内部，从而形成屏内(In-display或In-screen)光学指纹***。
如图1所示为本申请实施例可以适用的终端设备的结构示意图，所述终端设备10包括显示屏120和光学指纹装置130，其中，所述光学指纹装置130设置在所述显示屏120下方的局部区域。所述光学指纹装置130包括光学指纹传感器，所述光学指纹传感器包括具有多个光学感应单元131的感应 阵列133。所述感应阵列所在区域或者其感应区域为所述光学指纹装置130的指纹检测区域103。如图1所示，所述指纹检测区域103位于所述显示屏120的显示区域之中。在一种替代实施例中，所述光学指纹装置130还可以设置在其他位置，比如所述显示屏120的侧面或者所述终端设备10的边缘非透光区域，并通过光路设计来将所述显示屏120的至少部分显示区域的光信号导引到所述光学指纹装置130，从而使得所述指纹检测区域103实际上位于所述显示屏120的显示区域。在一种替代实施例中，所述光学指纹装置130还可以设置在其他位置，比如所述显示屏120的侧面或者所述终端设备10的边缘非透光区域，并通过光路设计来将所述显示屏120的至少部分显示区域的光信号导引至所述光学指纹装置130，从而使得所述指纹检测区域103实际上位于所述显示屏120的显示区域。
应当理解，所述指纹检测区域103的面积可以与所述光学指纹装置130的感应阵列的面积不同，例如通过例如透镜成像的光路设计、反射式折叠光路设计或者其他光线汇聚或者反射等光路设计，可以使得所述光学指纹装置130的指纹检测区域103的面积大于所述光学指纹装置130感应阵列的面积。在其他替代实现方式中，如果采用例如光线准直方式进行光路引导，所述光学指纹装置130的指纹检测区域103也可以设计成与所述光学指纹装置130的感应阵列的面积基本一致。
应当理解，所述指纹采集区域103的面积可以与所述光学指纹识别装置130的感应阵列的面积不同，例如通过例如透镜成像的光路设计、反射式折叠光路设计或者其他光线汇聚或者反射等光路设计，可以使得所述光学指纹识别装置130的指纹采集区域103的面积大于所述光学指纹识别装置130感应阵列的面积。在其他替代实现方式中，如果采用例如光线准直方式进行光路引导，所述光学指纹识别装置130的指纹采集区域103也可以设计成与所述光学指纹识别装置130的感应阵列的面积相一致。
因此，使用者在需要对所述终端设备进行解锁或者其他指纹验证的时候，只需要将手指按压在位于所述显示屏120的指纹检测区域103，便可以实现指纹输入。由于指纹检测可以在屏内实现，因此采用上述结构的终端设备10无需其正面专门预留空间来设置指纹按键(比如Home键)，从而可以采用全面屏方案，即所述显示屏120的显示区域可以基本扩展到整个终端设备10的正面。
作为一种可选的实现方式，如图1所示，所述光学指纹装置130包括光检测部分134和光学组件132。所述光检测部分134包括所述感应阵列以及与所述感应阵列电性连接的读取电路及其他辅助电路，其可以在通过半导体工艺制作在一个芯片(Die)，比如光学成像芯片或者光学指纹传感器。所述感应阵列具体为光探测器(Photodetector)阵列，其包括多个呈阵列式分布的光探测器，所述光探测器可以作为如上所述的光学感应单元。所述光学组件132可以设置在所述光检测部分134的感应阵列的上方，其可以具体包括滤光层(Filter)、导光层或光路引导结构、以及其他光学元件，所述滤光层可以用于滤除穿透手指的环境光，而所述导光层或光路引导结构主要用于从手指表面反射回来的反射光导引至所述感应阵列进行光学检测。
在具体实现上，所述光学组件132可以与所述光检测部分134封装在同一个光学指纹部件。比如，所述光学组件132可以与所述光学检测部分134封装在同一个光学指纹芯片，也可以将所述光学组件132设置在所述光检测部分134所在的芯片外部，比如将所述光学组件132贴合在所述芯片上方，或者将所述光学组件132的部分元件集成在上述芯片之中。
其中，所述光学组件132的导光层或者光路引导结构有多种实现方案，比如，所述导光层可以具体为在半导体硅片制作而成的准直器(Collimator)层，其具有多个准直单元或者微孔阵列，所述准直单元可以具体为小孔，从手指反射回来的反射光中，垂直入射到所述准直单元的光线可以穿过并被其下方的光学感应单元接收，而入射角度过大的光线在所述准直单元内部经过多次反射被衰减掉，因此每一个光学感应单元基本只能接收到其正上方的指纹纹路反射回来的反射光，从而所述感应阵列便可以检测出手指的指纹图像。
在另一种实施例中，所述导光层或者光路引导结构也可以为光学透镜(Lens)层，其具有一个或多个透镜单元，比如一个或多个非球面透镜组成的透镜组，其用于将从手指反射回来的反射光汇聚到其下方的光检测部分134的感应阵列，以使得所述感应阵列可以基于所述反射光进行成像，从而得到所述手指的指纹图像。可选地，所述光学透镜层在所述透镜单元的光路中还可以形成有针孔，所述针孔可以配合所述光学透镜层扩大所述光学指纹装置的视场，以提高所述光学指纹装置130的指纹成像效果。
在其他实施例中，所述导光层或者光路引导结构也可以具体采用微透镜(Micro-Lens)层，所述微透镜层具有由多个微透镜形成的微透镜阵列，其 可以通过半导体生长工艺或者其他工艺形成在所述光检测部分134的感应阵列上方，并且每一个微透镜可以分别对应于所述感应阵列的其中一个感应单元。并且，所述微透镜层和所述感应单元之间还可以形成其他光学膜层，比如介质层或者钝化层。更具体地，所述微透镜层和所述感应单元之间还可以包括具有微孔的挡光层(或称为遮光层)，其中所述微孔形成在其对应的微透镜和感应单元之间，所述挡光层可以阻挡相邻微透镜和感应单元之间的光学干扰，并使得所述感应单元所对应的光线通过所述微透镜汇聚到所述微孔内部并经由所述微孔传输到所述感应单元以进行光学指纹成像。
应当理解，上述导光层或者光路引导结构的几种实现方案可以单独使用也可以结合使用。比如，可以在所述准直器层或者所述光学透镜层的上方或下方进一步设置微透镜层。当然，在所述准直器层或者所述光学透镜层与所述微透镜层结合使用时，其具体叠层结构或者光路可能需要按照实际需要进行调整。
作为一种可选的实施例，所述显示屏120可以采用具有自发光显示单元的显示屏，比如有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)显示屏或者微型发光二极管(Micro-LED)显示屏。以采用OLED显示屏为例，所述光学指纹装置130可以利用所述OLED显示屏120位于所述指纹检测区域103的显示单元(即OLED光源)来作为光学指纹检测的激励光源。当手指140按压在所述指纹检测区域103时，显示屏120向所述指纹检测区域103上方的目标手指140发出一束光111，该光111在手指140的表面发生反射形成反射光或者经过所述手指140内部散射而形成散射光，在相关专利申请中，为便于描述，上述反射光和散射光统称为反射光。由于指纹的脊(ridge)与谷(valley)对于光的反射能力不同，因此，来自指纹脊的反射光151和来自指纹谷的发生过152具有不同的光强，反射光经过光学组件132后，被光学指纹装置130中的感应阵列134所接收并转换为相应的电信号，即指纹检测信号；基于所述指纹检测信号便可以获得指纹图像数据，并且可以进一步进行指纹匹配验证，从而在终端设备10实现光学指纹识别功能。
在其他实施例中，所述光学指纹装置130也可以采用内置光源或者外置光源来提供用于进行指纹检测的光信号。在这种情况下，所述光学指纹装置130可以适用于非自发光显示屏，比如液晶显示屏或者其他的被动发光显示屏。以应用在具有背光模组和液晶面板的液晶显示屏为例，为支持液晶显示 屏的屏下指纹检测，所述终端设备10的光学指纹***还可以包括用于光学指纹检测的激励光源，所述激励光源可以具体为红外光源或者特定波长非可见光的光源，其可以设置在所述液晶显示屏的背光模组下方或者设置在所述终端设备10的保护盖板下方的边缘区域，而所述光学指纹装置130可以设置液晶面板或者保护盖板的边缘区域下方并通过光路引导以使得指纹检测光可以到达所述光学指纹装置130；或者，所述光学指纹装置130也可以设置在所述背光模组下方，且所述背光模组通过对扩散片、增亮片、反射片等膜层进行开孔或者其他光学设计以允许指纹检测光穿过液晶面板和背光模组并到达所述光学指纹装置130。当采用所述光学指纹装置130采用内置光源或者外置光源来提供用于进行指纹检测的光信号时，其检测原理与上面描述内容是一致的。
应当理解的是，在具体实现上，所述终端设备10还包括透明保护盖板，所述盖板可以为玻璃盖板或者蓝宝石盖板，其位于所述显示屏120的上方并覆盖所述终端设备10的正面。因此，本申请实施例中，所谓的手指按压在所述显示屏120实际上是指按压在所述显示屏120上方的盖板或者覆盖所述盖板的保护层表面。
另一方面，在某些实施例中，所述光学指纹装置130可以仅包括一个光学指纹传感器，此时光学指纹装置130的指纹检测区域103的面积较小且位置固定，因此用户在进行指纹输入时需要将手指按压到所述指纹检测区域103的特定位置，否则光学指纹装置130可能无法采集到指纹图像而造成用户体验不佳。在其他替代实施例中，所述光学指纹装置130可以具体包括多个光学指纹传感器。所述多个光学指纹传感器可以通过拼接方式并排设置在所述显示屏120的下方，且所述多个光学指纹传感器的感应区域共同构成所述光学指纹装置130的指纹检测区域103。也就是说，所述光学指纹装置130的指纹检测区域103可以包括多个子区域，每个子区域分别对应于其中一个光学指纹传感器的感应区域，从而将所述光学指纹模组130的指纹采集区域103可以扩展到所述显示屏的下半部分的主要区域，即扩展到手指惯常按压区域，从而实现盲按式指纹输入操作。可替代地，当所述光学指纹传感器数量足够时，所述指纹检测区域130还可以扩展到半个显示区域甚至整个显示区域，从而实现半屏或者全屏指纹检测。
为了减小指纹识别装置的厚度，通常可以减小对光路引导结构的厚度， 例如减小具有准直孔阵列的准直器的厚度，即减小准直器中的准直孔的“孔深/孔径”的值。但是，“孔深/孔径”的减小使得准直孔的光接收角度变大，准直度降低，从而影响光学指纹传感的成像效果。
为此，本申请实施例提供了一种指纹识别装置，同时具有更小的厚度以及更好的成像效果。
图2示出了本申请实施例的指纹识别装置的示意图。如图2所示，该指纹识别装置200可以应用在具有显示屏的电子设备，该指纹识别装置200包括光路引导结构(或称为道光层、光路调制结构等)210和光学指纹传感器220。
光路引导结构210设置在显示屏与光学指纹传感器220之间，用于将以预设角度i倾斜入射至所述显示屏上方的手指并经所述手指反射的光信号，引导至光学指纹传感器220。
光学指纹传感器220设置在光路引导结构210下方，用于检测接收到的该光信号。
其中，该预设角度i大于0°，例如可以为5°≤i≤35°。以角度i入射的光线经手指反射后，反射光线的反射角等于i。该反射光线经显示屏下表面和/或光路引导结构的上表面的折射，最终倾斜地进入光路引导结构210。
由于采用了倾斜光路，光路引导结构210能够将以预设角度i倾斜入射并经手指反射的光线，引导至光学指纹传感器220。由于倾斜入射的光线的反射强度高于垂直入射的光线的反射强度，因此提高了光学指纹传感器220的成像对比度，并大大降低该指纹识别装置200的厚度。
本申请实施例提供了两种类型的光路引导结构210，能够实现对倾斜光线的引导。下面分别进行描述。
类型1
该光路引导结构210包括微透镜阵列和至少一个挡光层。
其中，微透镜阵列包括多个微透镜，其中每个微透镜用于对其接收到的光信号进行汇聚。
该至少一个挡光层依次设置在微透镜阵列下方，其中每个挡光层包括与该多个微透镜分别对应的多个开孔，至少一个挡光层内与同一微透镜对应的开孔用于将经同一微透镜汇聚后的该光信号依次引导至光学指纹传感器220。
该微透镜阵列中的多个微透镜镜例如可以为球面微透镜或非球面微透 镜，或者该多个微透镜中同时包括球面透镜和非球面透镜。只要能够实现对光线的汇聚即可。并且，该微透镜也可以替换为透镜。
光学指纹传感器220用于检测满足预设角度i的入射光线，只有满足该预设角度i的入射光线入射至所述显示屏上方的手指并经所述手指反射后，才能够被光路引导结构210引导至光学指纹传感器220，而其他角度入射的光线无法到达光学指纹传感器220。
在进行指纹识别的过程中，手指按压在显示屏内的指纹采集区域时，手指的脊和屏幕之间接触，而手指的谷与屏幕之间存在空气间隙，这就导致被脊反射的光线的强度和被谷反射的光线的强度之间会有差异。其中，谷和屏幕之间有空气间隙，从而形成玻璃-空气界面，对光线有更大的反射。因此，光学指纹传感器220接收到谷反射的光线后成像形成“亮线”，而相应地，光学指纹传感器220接收到脊反射的光线后成像形成“暗线”。
具有准直孔阵列的准直器只能接收手指垂直反射的光线，而本申请实施例中，光路引导结构210采用了倾斜光路，以预设角度i入射至手指并经手指反射的光线，才能够到达光学指纹传感器220。由于倾斜入射的光线的反射强度大于垂直入射的光线的反射强度，因此光学指纹传感器220根据采集到的倾斜的光信号成像得到的“亮线”和“暗线”之间的对比度更高，光学指纹传感器220的成像效果更好。
该光路引导结构210中每个挡光层内的开孔，除了实现光路引导，还可以有效地防止光线串扰，阻挡杂光，使得只有满足上述预设角度i的光线才能够经过光路引导结构210达到光学指纹传感器220。
本申请实施例对该至少一个挡光层的数量不做限定。挡光层的数量太多会增加光路引导结构210的厚度和复杂度，而挡光层的数量太少会带来较多的干扰光，影响成像效果。在实际使用时，可以根据需求设置合理数量的挡光层。
由于倾斜入射至手指的光线经手指反射后仍为倾斜光线，为了对该反射后的倾斜光线进行引导，光路引导结构210采用了倾斜光路，因此，与同一微透镜对应的位于不同挡光层内的开孔之间具有横向间距。
也就是说，光路引导结构210中的至少一个挡光层内与同一微透镜对应的开孔，由上至下依次位于经该微透镜汇聚的倾斜光线的光路上。
其中，与同一透镜对应的相邻两个挡光层内的开孔之间的横向间距可以 相等或者不相等。
并且，相邻两个挡光层之间的距离也可以相等或者不相等。
例如，当相邻两个挡光层之间的距离相等时，相邻两个挡光层内与同一微透镜对应的开孔之间的横向间距也相等。
可选地，光学指纹传感器220包括光学感应单元(或称为感光像素(pixel))阵列，该光学感应单元阵列中的多个光学感应单元与该微透镜阵列中的多个微透镜对应。其中，该至少一个挡光层内与同一微透镜对应的开孔用于将经该同一微透镜汇聚后的光信号，依次引导至与该同一微透镜对应的光学感应单元。
其中，该多个微透镜与该多个光学感应单元之间可以是一一对应，也可以是一个微透镜对应于多个光学感应单元，或者是一个光学感应单元对应于多个微透镜，这里不做限定。
可选地，该至少一个挡光层内与同一微透镜对应的开孔的孔径，由上至下依次减小。
由于该微透镜用于对其接收到的光线进行汇聚，经该微透镜汇聚的光线的宽度由上至下逐渐减小。因此，通过设置与该微透镜对应的不同挡光层内的开孔的孔径由上至下依次减小，能够使到达光学指纹传感器220的光线为窄光束，从而实现光学指纹传感器220对光线的窄角度接收，进一步提高了光学指纹传感器220的成像清晰度。
可选地，该光路引导结构210还包括透光介质，该透光介质用于填充在该至少一个挡光层之间，以连接该至少一个挡光层。
当然，也可以使用其他方式对光路引导结构210中的该至少一个挡光层进行连接和固定，例如通过支架等，本申请实施例对此并不做限定。
可选地，该微透镜阵列设置在该透光介质的上表面。
可选地，该光路引导结构210设置在该光学指纹传感器220的上表面。
应理解，本申请实施例中的该光路引导结构210可以与光学指纹传感器220封装在一起，例如，该光路引导结构210可以通过胶粘等方式设置在光学指纹传感器220的上表面，即光学感应单元阵列的上表面；或者，该光路引导结构210也可以作为与光学指纹传感器220相对独立的部件设置在光学指纹传感器220的上方。
下面以图3为例对本申请实施例的指纹识别装置进行具体描述。图3示 出了本申请实施例的指纹识别装置的一种可能的结构。图3中示出的光路引导结构包括一个透镜阵列，以及三个挡光层(Layer Shelter，LS)。该微透镜阵列位于显示屏下方的特定位置，用于对来自显示屏上的手指的反射光进行汇聚。三个挡光层依次位于该透镜阵列的下方，用于将经该微透镜阵列汇聚后的光线引导至光学指纹传感器。三个挡光层由上至下依次为挡光层LS3、挡光层LS2和挡光层LS1。这三个挡光层之间填充有透光介质。
挡光层LS3、挡光层LS2和挡光层LS1内的指定位置上进行阵列式地开孔。其中，与微透镜1对应的开孔分别为挡光层LS3上的开孔1、挡光层LS2上的开孔2、以及挡光层LS1上的开孔3。微透镜阵列与挡光层LS1之间的距离为P 0，挡光层LS1与光学指纹传感器的光学感应单元之间的距离为P 1。该微透镜阵列设置在该填充介质的上表面，该微透镜阵列中的微透镜为凸透镜，其球面半径为R。该微透镜在透光介质的上表面内形成的弦长L，等于光学指纹传感器的相邻光学感应单元之间的间距L。这里以每个光学感应单元对应于一个微透镜为例。每个微透镜汇聚的光信号由与该微透镜对应的开孔依次引导至其对应的光学感应单元。
以微透镜1及其对应的开孔为例，描述该光路引导结构的工作过程。以预设角度i入射的光线经手指反射后，经过该光路引导结构最终达到光学指纹传感器。具体地，满足预设角度i的光线入射至显示屏上方的手指并被该手指反射，得到反射角等于i的反射光线，该反射光线在显示屏的下表面发生折射，并以角度θ入射至微透镜1。微透镜1对接收到的光线进行汇聚，汇聚后的光线依次经过挡光层LS3上的开孔1、挡光层LS2上的开孔2、挡光层LS1上的开孔3，到达光学指纹传感器上的与微透镜1对应的光学感应单元。
其中，挡光层LS3上的开孔1的孔径为D1，挡光层LS2上的开孔2的孔径为D2，挡光层LS1上的开孔3的孔径为D3。由于D1＞D2＞D3，因此使光学指纹传感器采集到的光线为窄角度光线，并且挡光层LS3、挡光层LS2和挡光层LS1可以分别对开孔1、开孔2和开孔3附近的串扰光线进行阻挡，因此提高了光学指纹传感器的成像效果。
挡光层LS3与挡光层LS2之间的距离为P3，挡光层LS2与挡光层LS1之间的距离为P2，挡光层LS1与光学感应单元之间的距离为P1。挡光层LS3上的开孔1与挡光层LS2上的开孔2之间的横向间距为t2，挡光层LS2上 的开孔2与挡光层LS1上的开孔3之间的横向间距为t1。当P1＝P2＝P3时，t1＝t2。
可以看出，一方面，光路引导结构可以将以预设角度i入射至手指并被反射的光信号，引导至光学指纹传感器，增加了光学指纹传感器接收到的光信号的强度，提高了光学指纹传感器的成像效果。
另一方面，考虑到光学指纹传感器的光学感应单元的大小通常只有5um至25um，P 0的大小通常设置为相邻光学感应单元之间的间距的3倍，且微透镜的球面半径R可以与相邻光学感应单元之间的间距相等。这样，光路引导结构的厚度可以达到很薄，基本上小于100um，因此，指纹识别装置的厚度能够得到有效减小。
相比之下，带有准直孔阵列的准直器的厚度一般大于200um，并且为了满足准直器的成像需求，准直器与光学指纹传感器之间的距离要满足500um，这样一来指纹识别装置的厚度就会很大。
类型2
该光路引导结构210包括导光管阵列，该导光管阵列包括倾斜的多个导光管，其中每个导光管用于将接收到的光信号引导至光学指纹传感器220。
如图4所示，该光路引导结构210中包括多个导光管，每个导光管的轴线方向与垂直于该光路引导结构210表面的法线方向之间的夹角r大于0°。为便于描述，以下，将夹角r称为该导光管的倾斜角度。
可选地，该光学指纹传感器220包括与该多个导光管对应的多个光学感应单元，其中，每个导光管用于将接收到的光信号引导至其对应的光学感应单元。
以预定角度i入射至手指的光线经手指反射后进入光路引导结构210，光路引导结构210对光线进行导引，以使得经过该光路引导结构210的每一个导光管的反射光以角度r倾斜地入射到该光学指纹传感器的光学感应单元。
光路引导结构210的导光管横截面例如可以为圆形、椭圆形、方形或者其他任何形状。
可选地，导光管阵列中的导光管为光纤，或者为贯穿光路引导结构210的上表面和下表面的通孔。
其中，光路引导结构210的非导光区域的材料对该指纹识别装置200所使用的波段不透光，例如该材料可以为硅、硅的碳化物、硅的氧化物或氮化 物等。
光路引导结构210可以与光学指纹传感器220封装在一起，例如该光路引导结构210紧贴于光学指纹传感器220上表面，或者作为独立的部件存在于指纹识别装置200中。该光路引导结构210与显示屏之间可以存在一定距离，或者也可以不存在距离。
下面以图5为例对本申请实施例的指纹识别装置进行具体描述。图5示出了本申请实施例的指纹识别装置的一种可能的结构。图5中示出的光路引导结构包括导光管阵列。其中，导光管的直径为D，例如可以为15um。该光路引导结构的厚度为T，通常小于200um。相邻两个导光管之间的间距L等于光学指纹传感器的相邻光学感应单元之间的间距L，例如L可以为15um。这里以一个导光管对应于一个光学感应单元为例，每个导光管用于将倾斜的光信号引导至其对应的光学感应单元。
以导光管1为例，描述该光路引导结构的工作过程。以预设角度i入射至手指的光线经该手指反射后，经过该光路引导结构最终达到光学指纹传感器。具体地，满足预设角度i的光线入射至显示屏上方的手指并被该手指反射，得到反射角等于i的反射光线，该反射光线在显示屏的下表面以及导光管的上表面发生折射，最终以角度r进入导光管1。导光管1将接收到的光线引导至与导光管1对应的光学感应单元。
可以看出，该光路引导结构具有由倾斜导光管组成的导光管阵列，在使用相同长度的导光管的情况下，可以使该光路引导结构具有更小的厚度。换句话说，倾斜的导光管在保证相同的长宽比的情况下，可以得到更薄的光路引导结构的厚度。并且，通过调整光路引导结构中的导光管的倾斜角度，可以有效地改变光路的传播路径和角度，使其对光路的调制更为灵活。
另一方面，本实施例的光路引导结构还可以避免从手指表面反射回来的光信号直接垂直地入射到光学指纹传感器，在上述的光传输过程中对噪声进行有效抑制，提高指纹检测装置的信噪比，从而有效改善指纹成像效果。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括显示屏以及上述本申请各种实施例中的指纹识别装置。
可选地，该显示屏可以采用以上描述中的显示屏，例如LCD显示屏或者OLED显示屏。其中，该显示屏为OLED显示屏时，该显示屏的发光层包括多个有机发光二极管光源，其中该指纹识别装置采用至少部分有机发光 二极管光源作为指纹识别的激励光源。
作为示例而非限定，所述电子设备可以为终端设备、手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式机电脑、游戏设备、车载电子设备或穿戴式智能设备等便携式或移动计算设备，以及电子数据库、汽车、银行自动柜员机(Automated Teller Machine，ATM)等其他电子设备。该穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等设备。
应理解，本申请实施例中的具体的例子只是为了帮助本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例，而非限制本申请实施例的范围，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形均落在本申请的保护范围内。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述指纹识别装置包括：
    光路引导结构，设置在显示屏与光学指纹传感器之间，用于将以预设角度倾斜入射至所述显示屏上方的手指并经所述手指反射的光信号，引导至光学指纹传感器；
    所述光学指纹传感器，设置在所述光路引导结构下方，用于检测接收到的所述光信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述光路引导结构包括：
    微透镜阵列，包括多个微透镜，其中每个微透镜用于对接收到的所述光信号进行汇聚；
    至少一个挡光层，依次设置在所述微透镜阵列下方，其中每个挡光层包括与所述多个微透镜分别对应的多个开孔，所述至少一个挡光层内与同一微透镜对应的开孔用于将经所述同一微透镜汇聚后的所述光信号依次引导至所述光学指纹传感器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述光学指纹传感器包括与所述多个微透镜对应的多个光学感应单元，其中，所述至少一个挡光层内与所述同一微透镜对应的开孔用于将经所述同一微透镜汇聚后的所述光信号，依次引导至与所述同一微透镜对应的光学感应单元。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个挡光层内与所述同一微透镜对应的开孔的孔径，由上至下依次减小。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，相邻两个挡光层之间的距离相等。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，相邻两个挡光层内与所述同一微透镜对应的开孔之间的横向间距相等。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述光路引导结构还包括透光介质，所述微透镜介质用于填充在所述至少一个挡光层之间，以连接所述至少一个挡光层。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述微透镜阵列设置在所述透光介质的上表面。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述透光 介质设置在所述光学指纹传感器的上表面。
  10. 根据权利要求2至9中任一项所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述微透镜阵列中的透镜为球面微透镜或非球面微透镜。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述光路引导结构包括：
    导光管阵列，所述导光管阵列包括倾斜的多个导光管，其中每个导光管用于将接收到的所述光信号引导至所述光学指纹传感器。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述光学指纹传感器包括与所述多个导光管对应的多个光学感应单元，其中，每个导光管用于将接收到的所述光信号引导至其对应的光学感应单元。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述导光管为光纤，或者为贯穿所述光路引导结构的上表面和下表面的通孔。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述导光管的横截面为圆形、椭圆形或者方形。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的指纹识别装置，其特征在于，所述预设角度为5°至35°。
  16. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括显示屏以及根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的指纹识别装置。
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