WO2020134581A1 - Medium-low strain-based dynamic static integrated experimental test system - Google Patents

Medium-low strain-based dynamic static integrated experimental test system Download PDF

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WO2020134581A1
WO2020134581A1 PCT/CN2019/115489 CN2019115489W WO2020134581A1 WO 2020134581 A1 WO2020134581 A1 WO 2020134581A1 CN 2019115489 W CN2019115489 W CN 2019115489W WO 2020134581 A1 WO2020134581 A1 WO 2020134581A1
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static
sample
medium
dynamic
sensor
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***
廖志毅
鞠杨
朱建波
陈佳亮
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深圳大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of material mechanics, in particular to the study of mechanical properties of rock, concrete and other materials under the loading condition of medium and low strain rate under temperature-pressure coupling.
  • the most commonly used test device for testing the dynamic mechanical properties of rocks is the Hopkinson rod test system, which can provide medium and high strain rate ranges, that is, strain rate loading in the range of 10 1 s -1 to 10 2 s -1 .
  • the current Hopkinson rod test device can not only measure rock dynamic compression, tension, torsion, and shear mechanical properties, but also satisfy dynamic disturbance loading under initial static conditions.
  • there are relatively few test devices in the medium and low strain rate range that is, strain rates in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 .
  • the RDT-10000 high-pressure power triaxial instrument developed by Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences also adopts a pneumatic hydraulic loading method, which can realize dynamic loading in both axial and radial directions.
  • the axial static load and dynamic load can be up to 220 tons, the fastest dynamic load time is 9 milliseconds; the radial dynamic confining pressure can be up to 120 tons, and the fastest load time is 40 milliseconds.
  • the true triaxial dynamic and static loading test device developed by Central South University applies a local dynamic disturbance to the specimen through disturbance rods of different diameters (10 to 30 mm) based on the application of static loads.
  • the disturbance waveform is a sine wave, the maximum loading frequency can reach 70Hz, and the maximum dynamic disturbance force is 50 tons.
  • the frequency of the disturbance wave excited by the traditional hydraulic loading method is limited. Due to the limitation of the response frequency of the existing servo valve, the frequency of the excitation stress wave waveform is often less than 70 Hz. For waveforms such as sine waves that require multi-point control, the frequency is generally only a dozen Hz or even a few Hz. When the rock is disturbed by this low-frequency wave, it is difficult to reach a high strain rate level, and it is impossible to study the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock with a strain rate in the range of 10 -1 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 .
  • the current rock true triaxial dynamic loading test system cannot achieve dynamic loading with a strain rate in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 , and the frequency of the dynamic disturbance wave is not greater than 70 Hz, which is less than most dynamic disturbances
  • the frequency of the load type, and the dynamic mechanical parameters of the sample are difficult to monitor and obtain, and the temperature environment of the rock is not considered.
  • the present invention provides a medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system, which can be used to study the following rock engineering problems:
  • a medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test and testing system including: sample, heating plate, rigid pressure plate, acoustic emission sensor, static loading device, dynamic loading device, magnetostrictive displacement sensor, sample loading mechanism, load sensor;
  • the test system includes three static loading devices in X, Y and Z directions and a separate dynamic loading device in Z direction, in which two static loading devices in X and Y directions, one static loading device in Z direction, and a test sample Placed in the sample loading mechanism, magnetostrictive displacement sensors and load sensors are installed on each of the five static loading devices;
  • the static loading device is a static hydraulic servo cylinder.
  • the specific structure of the power loading device is as follows: it includes a servo controller, an oil source controller, electro-hydraulic servo control software, time domain waveform reproduction software, signal conditioning unit and sensor, hydraulic linear vibrator, hydraulic Oil source and oil separator; connect the servo controller, oil source controller with electro-hydraulic servo control software and time domain waveform reproduction software through Ethernet, and use the servo controller to control the hydraulic linearity through the signal conditioning unit and sensor data
  • the exciter uses an oil source controller to control the hydraulic oil source and oil separator through control and measurement signals.
  • the acoustic emission sensor is built into the rigid pressure plate, and the proper coupling agent is used to ensure that the sensor is fully in contact with the pressure plate.
  • the temperature of the sample is controlled by injecting hot oil or cooling liquid into the heating tube.
  • a temperature sensor is built into the heating plate to monitor the temperature of the heating plate in real time.
  • the cutout in the rigid pressure plate is cylindrical and the slotted diameter is 2 to 4 cm.
  • the range of the heating temperature of the heating tube is 20°C to 200°C.
  • the invention aims at the difficulty of obtaining the test data of the true triaxial test system, especially the phenomenon that the dynamic mechanical parameters inside the sample cannot be monitored, and realizes the test system of solid dynamic anisotropy and non-uniformity under high temperature and medium and low strain rate loading.
  • the invention overcomes the defect that the acoustic emission sensor has poor compression resistance and cannot work in a high-pressure environment.
  • a total of 24 cuts are designed in the rigid pressure plate of the rock sample in six directions.
  • the cut in the rigid pressure plate should be cylindrical
  • the diameter of the slot should be 2 ⁇ 4cm.
  • 24 acoustic emission sensors are embedded in the rigid platen.
  • the invention is suitable for testing the mechanical properties of rock samples of various sizes.
  • the invention adopts hydraulic servo loading, and the axial (Z axis) and lateral (X, Y axis) can achieve servo static loading in the range of 0-3000KN and 0-700KN, respectively, where the Z-axis cylinder has a piston stroke of ⁇ 20mm, Each cylinder in the X and Y axes has a piston stroke of ⁇ 10mm.
  • the invention has the function of hydraulic fracturing, can provide the stress of 0 ⁇ 80MPa hydraulic fracturing, the maximum working pressure of the oil cylinder is 20MPa; the stroke of the oil cylinder is 200mm, and the displacement is 240ml.
  • the temperature control module of the invention adopts the temperature control mode of six-sided direct heating to measure temperature, and is precisely controlled and regulated by PID (proportional, integral and differential).
  • the temperature control range of the test piece of the present invention is room temperature to 200°C, the accuracy of the temperature control of the heating plate is 0.1°C, the accuracy of the temperature sensor is ⁇ 0.1°C, and the loadable temperature range is 0KN to 3000KN in the Z direction, and 0KN to 700KN in the X and Y directions.
  • the frequency of the dynamic load excited by the traditional hydraulic loading system is often less than 70Hz.
  • the frequency is generally only a dozen Hz or even a few Hz.
  • the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention requires that the frequency of the loading stress wave reaches 0.1 to 300 Hz and the servo can be controlled, and the maximum dynamic excitation force can reach 1000 KN, the amplitude range is ⁇ 0.15 mm, and the corresponding loading rate reaches the order of 10 1 s -1 .
  • the invention can realize the loading of arbitrary waveforms such as rectangular wave, triangular wave and sine wave.
  • the action mode of disturbance load can realize point action form (local disturbance rod disturbance) and surface action form.
  • the invention combines advanced servo adaptive amplitude and phase control compensation technology, identification frequency domain iterative self-learning control algorithm and other control technologies, high-performance fluid power technology actuators perform actions, and finally realizes that the test object is under equal amplitude control and Time domain waveform reproduction control changes in the force when subjected to vibration.
  • the overall structure of the present invention is a closed type, with pressure limiting protection, unloading, high efficiency, low noise and other functional characteristics, and can output power simultaneously or separately according to the test demand flow.
  • FIG. 1 is an XY plan view of a medium-low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an XZ plan view of a medium-low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of a power loading device of a medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample and heating plate of the present invention.
  • 5 to 7 are schematic diagrams of the sample, heating plate and rigid platen of the present invention.
  • Sample 101 heating plate 102, rigid pressure plate 103, acoustic emission sensor 104;
  • Static loading device 201 Static loading device 201, dynamic loading device 202, magnetostrictive displacement sensor 203, sample loading mechanism 204, load sensor 205;
  • Servo controller 301 oil source controller 302, electro-hydraulic servo control software 303, time domain waveform reproduction software 304, signal conditioning unit and sensor 305, hydraulic linear vibrator 306, hydraulic oil source and oil separator 307.
  • the test system of the present invention introduces dynamic loading and dynamic parameter acquisition functions to realize the study of dynamic mechanical properties of rocks with strain rates in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 , and develops a true and triaxial integrated dynamic and static triaxiality Test the test system.
  • FIG. 1 is an XY plan view of a low- and medium-strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system
  • FIG. 2 is a medium- and low-strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system XZ plan.
  • the test system of the present invention includes three static loading devices 201 in X, Y and Z directions and a separate dynamic loading device 202 in Z direction, wherein two static loading devices 201 in each of X and Y directions and one static loading device in Z direction 201.
  • the static loading device 201 is a static hydraulic servo cylinder.
  • test sample is placed in the sample loading mechanism 204, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor 203 and the load sensor 205 are respectively installed on the five static hydraulic servo cylinders for accurately measuring the displacement of the indenter and the loading force during the loading process.
  • the specific structure of the power loading device 202 is as follows: As shown in FIG. 3, the servo controller 301, the oil source controller 302 and the electro-hydraulic servo control software 303, and the time-domain waveform reproduction software 304 are connected via Ethernet, and the signal conditioning unit is connected to The data of the sensor 305 is controlled by a hydraulic controller 306 using a servo controller 301. Through the control and measurement signals, the oil source controller 302 is used to control the hydraulic oil source and the oil separator 307.
  • the dynamic deformation, load and displacement data acquisition adopts high-speed acquisition card, which can accept 8-channel analog signal, and the data can reach 10KHz.
  • the servo oil source adopts flow gradient design, and the hydraulic power pump station is powered by 2 sets of pumps. The test first controlled the static hydraulic servo cylinder to achieve the target static load in the three loading directions. After maintaining stability, the dynamic loading system was controlled to apply dynamic disturbance to the sample.
  • the heating plate 102 is attached to the six surfaces of the rock sample for direct heating.
  • a heating tube is built into the heating plate in contact with the sample 101, and the sample is temperature-controlled by injecting hot oil or cooling liquid into the heating tube.
  • the temperature sensor is built into the heating plate, which monitors the temperature of the heating plate in real time, and uses PID (proportional, integral, derivative) to accurately adjust to ensure that each heating plate reaches the target temperature.
  • acoustic emission sensors 104 are built into the rigid pressure plate 103, and the proper coupling agent is used to ensure that the sensor is fully in contact with the pressure plate.
  • the dynamic mechanical parameters of the rock samples in the initial state, the rock samples after the test and the test requirements, and the rock samples under different loading states are monitored and obtained respectively.
  • the specific implementation process is as follows:
  • Adopt S1 acoustic emission sensor to actively stimulate the ultrasonic wave and record the waveform trigger time. Record and calculate the ultrasonic waveform received by the remaining 23 sensors, the waveform trigger time and the corresponding wave speeds V 1_S2 , V 1_S3 , V 1_S4 ... V 1_S24 respectively .
  • V 1_Sj d 1_Sj /t 1_Sj
  • d 1_Sj represents the distance from Sj sensor to S1 sensor
  • t 1_Sj represents the time required for the ultrasonic wave to propagate from S1 sensor to Sj sensor
  • m, n, p represent the number of rows and columns in each coordinate direction minus 1, that is, the Lagrangian polynomial in each coordinate direction The number of times; I, J, K represents the row and column number of node i in each coordinate direction. with It can be determined by the following formula:
  • the X, Y and Z direction stress wave velocity at any point inside the sample can be obtained by the following formula:
  • the three-dimensional anisotropy and non-uniformity of the rock specimen are clarified by the three-dimensional stress wave velocity and ultrasonic amplitude and frequency in the rock.

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Abstract

A medium-low strain-based dynamic static integrated experimental test system, comprising: a specimen (101), heating plates (102), rigid press plates (103), acoustic emission sensors (104), static loading devices (201), a dynamic loading device (202), magnetostrictive displacement sensors (203), a specimen loading mechanism (204), and load sensors (205). Undercuts are designed in the rigid press plates (103) in six directions of the rock specimen (101). The undercuts in the rigid press plates (103) should be cylindrical, and the diameter thereof should be 2-4 cm. The acoustic emission sensors (104) are embedded into the rigid press plates (103) and analyze three-dimensional inner stress wave propagation features and three-dimensional anisotropy and heterogeneity of the rock specimen (101) by actively exciting and receiving ultrasonic waves.

Description

中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***Medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及材料力学领域，尤其涉及岩石、混凝土等材料温压耦合中低应变率加载条件下力学特性研究。The invention relates to the field of material mechanics, in particular to the study of mechanical properties of rock, concrete and other materials under the loading condition of medium and low strain rate under temperature-pressure coupling.
背景技术Background technique
冲击、振动、碰撞和***等动力问题广泛存在于世界科学领域。许多岩石工程问题，如干热岩开发、油气开采、煤矿开采和隧道进行等均属于动力学范畴。然而在以往的研究中，这些岩石工程问题往往简化为准静态问题进行试验分析。岩石在动态荷载作用下的变形和破裂规律与静态荷载作用下存在显著的区别，这种由动态分析向准静态分析的简化对实际岩石工程问题的认识和评估将造成偏差。这样不仅不利于有效地开发地下空间和矿产资源，同时有碍于地下结构稳定性的准确评估，继而造成财产的损失和人员安全的威胁。Dynamic problems such as shock, vibration, collision, and explosion are widespread in the world of science. Many rock engineering issues, such as dry and hot rock development, oil and gas mining, coal mining, and tunneling, all belong to the dynamic category. However, in previous studies, these rock engineering problems are often simplified to quasi-static problems for experimental analysis. There is a significant difference between the deformation and fracture laws of rocks under dynamic loads and static loads. This simplification from dynamic analysis to quasi-static analysis will cause deviations in the understanding and evaluation of actual rock engineering problems. This is not only not conducive to the effective development of underground spaces and mineral resources, but also hinders the accurate assessment of the stability of underground structures, which in turn causes property damage and threats to personnel safety.
当岩石所处应变率水平大于10 -3s -1时，其自身惯性效应的影响不可忽略，为动力学研究范畴。最常用测试岩石动态力学性能的试验装置为霍普金森杆试验***，能够提供中高应变率范围，即10 1s -1至10 2s -1范围内的应变率加载。目前的霍普金森杆试验装置不仅可以测岩石动态压、拉、扭、剪力学特性，同时可以满足初始静力条件下的动态扰动加载。相比而言，中低应变率范围，即应变率在10 -3s -1至10 1s -1范围内试验装置相对较少。常规的液压伺服机最高只能提供10 -1s -1的应变率加载。落锤试验机虽然可以提供10 0s -1至10 1s -1范围内的应变率加载，但是该装置试验数据获取困难、加载控制精度不高且无法考虑初始静力条件下的动态扰动。在这一方面，Logan和Handin开发了动力三轴试验机，该装置采用气动液压加载方式，可对直径和高度分别为20mm和40mm的圆柱形试样轴向进行动态加载，且最大动态轴压可达100吨。中科院武汉岩土所研制的RDT—10000型高压动力三轴仪同样采用气动液压加载方式，分别可以实现轴向和径向两个方向动态加载。其中轴向静载和动载最高可达220吨，动载最快加载时间 为9毫秒；径向动态围压最高可达120吨，且最快加载时间为40毫秒。中南大学研制的真三轴动静加载试验装置，在施加静态荷载的基础上，通过不同直径(10至30毫米)的扰动杆对试样施加局部动态扰动。扰动波形为正弦波，加载频率最大可达70Hz，且最大的动态扰动力为50吨。中国矿业大学(北京)设计研制了真三轴冲击岩爆试验***，可实现16种不同的基本波形加载，扰动频率为0～1Hz，最大位移振幅0～1mm。 When the strain rate level of the rock is greater than 10 -3 s -1 , the influence of its own inertial effect can not be ignored, which is the category of dynamics research. The most commonly used test device for testing the dynamic mechanical properties of rocks is the Hopkinson rod test system, which can provide medium and high strain rate ranges, that is, strain rate loading in the range of 10 1 s -1 to 10 2 s -1 . The current Hopkinson rod test device can not only measure rock dynamic compression, tension, torsion, and shear mechanical properties, but also satisfy dynamic disturbance loading under initial static conditions. In contrast, there are relatively few test devices in the medium and low strain rate range, that is, strain rates in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 . Conventional hydraulic servos can only provide up to 10 -1 s -1 strain rate loading. Although the drop weight tester can provide strain rate loading in the range of 10 0 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 , the test data of the device is difficult to obtain, the load control accuracy is not high, and the dynamic disturbance under initial static conditions cannot be considered. In this regard, Logan and Handin developed a dynamic triaxial testing machine, which uses a pneumatic hydraulic loading method, which can dynamically load the cylindrical specimens with diameters and heights of 20mm and 40mm in the axial direction, and the maximum dynamic axial pressure Up to 100 tons. The RDT-10000 high-pressure power triaxial instrument developed by Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences also adopts a pneumatic hydraulic loading method, which can realize dynamic loading in both axial and radial directions. Among them, the axial static load and dynamic load can be up to 220 tons, the fastest dynamic load time is 9 milliseconds; the radial dynamic confining pressure can be up to 120 tons, and the fastest load time is 40 milliseconds. The true triaxial dynamic and static loading test device developed by Central South University applies a local dynamic disturbance to the specimen through disturbance rods of different diameters (10 to 30 mm) based on the application of static loads. The disturbance waveform is a sine wave, the maximum loading frequency can reach 70Hz, and the maximum dynamic disturbance force is 50 tons. China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) designed and developed a true triaxial impact rockburst test system, which can achieve 16 different basic waveform loading, the disturbance frequency is 0 ~ 1Hz, and the maximum displacement amplitude is 0 ~ 1mm.
应变率在10 -3s -1至10 1s -1范围内动态试验装置中，仍然存在以下几个问题： Strain rate in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 dynamic test device, the following problems still exist:
1、传统的液压加载方法激发的扰动波频率受到限制。由于现有伺服阀响应频率的限制，激发应力波波形频率往往小于70Hz。对于正弦波这类需要采用多点控制的波形，其频率一般只有十几Hz，甚至几Hz。岩石在这种低频波扰动时，很难达到较高的应变率水平，无法研究应变率在10 -1s -1至10 1s -1范围内岩石的动态力学特性。 1. The frequency of the disturbance wave excited by the traditional hydraulic loading method is limited. Due to the limitation of the response frequency of the existing servo valve, the frequency of the excitation stress wave waveform is often less than 70 Hz. For waveforms such as sine waves that require multi-point control, the frequency is generally only a dozen Hz or even a few Hz. When the rock is disturbed by this low-frequency wave, it is difficult to reach a high strain rate level, and it is impossible to study the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock with a strain rate in the range of 10 -1 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 .
2、虽然已有学者尝试通过用气动液压方式进行动态加载，该方法能够达到相比液压加载更快的加载速率，Logan和Handin研制的动力三轴试验机和中科院武汉岩土所的RDT—10000性高压动力三轴仪分别可以达到10 1s -1和10 0s -1量级的加载。但是他们都是等围压(即σ 2＝σ 3)的三轴设备，且试样尺寸相对较小，其直径介于20至30mm之间，长度介于40至60mm之间。 2. Although some scholars have tried to perform dynamic loading by pneumatic hydraulic method, this method can achieve a faster loading rate than hydraulic loading. The dynamic triaxial testing machine developed by Logan and Handin and the RDT-10000 of Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences The high-pressure dynamic triaxial instrument can achieve loading of the order of 10 1 s -1 and 10 0 s -1 , respectively. But they are all triaxial equipment with equal confining pressure (ie σ 2 =σ 3 ), and the sample size is relatively small, with a diameter between 20 and 30 mm and a length between 40 and 60 mm.
3、真三轴设备测试***试验数据获取困难，尤其是由于试样六个表面均与压头直接接触，无法在试样表面粘贴应变片获取试验过程中试样的变形特征，继而更加无法监测、获取试样内部动态力学参数，分析试样内部的三维各向异性和非均匀性。3. It is difficult to obtain the test data of the true triaxial equipment test system, especially because the six surfaces of the sample are in direct contact with the indenter, and the strain gauge cannot be pasted on the surface of the sample to obtain the deformation characteristics of the sample during the test, which is more difficult to monitor 1. Obtain the dynamic mechanical parameters inside the sample and analyze the three-dimensional anisotropy and non-uniformity inside the sample.
4、大部分中低应变率加载下的真三轴加载装置均没有考虑温度对岩石力学特性的影响。4. Most true triaxial loading devices under medium and low strain rate loading do not consider the effect of temperature on rock mechanical properties.
总体而言，目前岩石真三轴动态加载试验***，无法达到应变率在10 -3s -1至10 1s -1范围内动态加载，动态扰动波的频率不大于70Hz，小于大多数动态扰动荷载类型的频率，并且试样动态力学参数监测、获取困难，没有考虑岩石所处的温度环境。 Overall, the current rock true triaxial dynamic loading test system cannot achieve dynamic loading with a strain rate in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 , and the frequency of the dynamic disturbance wave is not greater than 70 Hz, which is less than most dynamic disturbances The frequency of the load type, and the dynamic mechanical parameters of the sample are difficult to monitor and obtain, and the temperature environment of the rock is not considered.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决现有技术中问题，本发明提供了一种中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，该测试***可用于研究以下岩石工程问题：In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system, which can be used to study the following rock engineering problems:
1、干热岩开采、油气开采中涉及的动态压裂问题；1. Dynamic fracturing involved in dry and hot rock mining and oil and gas mining;
2、采矿工程中涉及的开挖、岩爆、矿震、冲击地压等动态扰动问题；2. Excitation, rock burst, mine shock, rock burst and other dynamic disturbances involved in mining engineering;
3、隧道掘进中涉及的破岩、***等动态扰动问题；3. Problems of dynamic disturbance such as rock breaking and blasting involved in tunneling;
4、地震、高速列车等扰动荷载作用下地下结构稳定性问题。4. Stability of underground structures under the action of disturbance loads such as earthquakes and high-speed trains.
一种中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其包括：试样、加热板、刚性压板、声发射传感器、静力加载装置、动力加载装置、磁致伸缩位移传感器、试样加载机构、荷载传感器；A medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test and testing system, including: sample, heating plate, rigid pressure plate, acoustic emission sensor, static loading device, dynamic loading device, magnetostrictive displacement sensor, sample loading mechanism, load sensor;
所述测试***包括X、Y和Z三个方向静力加载装置和单独Z方向的动力加载装置，其中X、Y方向各两个静力加载装置，Z方向一个静力加载装置，测试试样放置于试样加载机构中，5个静力加载装置上均分别安装磁致伸缩位移传感器与荷载传感器；The test system includes three static loading devices in X, Y and Z directions and a separate dynamic loading device in Z direction, in which two static loading devices in X and Y directions, one static loading device in Z direction, and a test sample Placed in the sample loading mechanism, magnetostrictive displacement sensors and load sensors are installed on each of the five static loading devices;
所述加热板依附于试样表面对试样进行直接加热，在和试样接触的加热板中内置加热管；试样六个方向的刚性压板中设有6N个掏槽，N＝2或N＝3或N＝4或N＝5或N＝6，6N个声发射传感器嵌入至刚性压板中，所述声发射传感器具有主动激发和接收超声波功能。The heating plate is attached to the surface of the sample to directly heat the sample, and a heating tube is built into the heating plate in contact with the sample; the rigid pressure plate in the six directions of the sample is provided with 6N cuts, N=2 or N =3 or N=4 or N=5 or N=6, 6N acoustic emission sensors are embedded in the rigid pressure plate, and the acoustic emission sensors have the functions of actively exciting and receiving ultrasonic waves.
作为本发明的进一步改进，静力加载装置为静力液压伺服油缸。As a further improvement of the present invention, the static loading device is a static hydraulic servo cylinder.
作为本发明的进一步改进，动力加载装置具体结构如下：其包括伺服控制器、油源控制器、电液伺服控制软件、时域波形再现软件、信号调理单元与传感器、液压线性激振器、液压油源及分油器；通过以太网将伺服控制器、油源控制器与电液伺服控制软件、时域波形再现软件相连接，通 过信号调理单元与传感器的数据，采用伺服控制器控制液压线性激振器，通过控制及测量信号，采用油源控制器控制液压油源及分油器。As a further improvement of the present invention, the specific structure of the power loading device is as follows: it includes a servo controller, an oil source controller, electro-hydraulic servo control software, time domain waveform reproduction software, signal conditioning unit and sensor, hydraulic linear vibrator, hydraulic Oil source and oil separator; connect the servo controller, oil source controller with electro-hydraulic servo control software and time domain waveform reproduction software through Ethernet, and use the servo controller to control the hydraulic linearity through the signal conditioning unit and sensor data The exciter uses an oil source controller to control the hydraulic oil source and oil separator through control and measurement signals.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述声发射传感器内置于刚性压板中，通过适当耦合剂保证传感器与压板充分接触。As a further improvement of the present invention, the acoustic emission sensor is built into the rigid pressure plate, and the proper coupling agent is used to ensure that the sensor is fully in contact with the pressure plate.
作为本发明的进一步改进，通过向加热管中注入热油或者冷却液对试样进行温控。As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature of the sample is controlled by injecting hot oil or cooling liquid into the heating tube.
作为本发明的进一步改进，将温度传感器内置于加热板中，实时监控加热板温度。As a further improvement of the present invention, a temperature sensor is built into the heating plate to monitor the temperature of the heating plate in real time.
作为本发明的进一步改进，刚性压板中的掏槽为圆柱形，开槽直径为2～4cm。As a further improvement of the present invention, the cutout in the rigid pressure plate is cylindrical and the slotted diameter is 2 to 4 cm.
作为本发明的进一步改进，加热管加热温度的范围取值为20℃至200℃。As a further improvement of the present invention, the range of the heating temperature of the heating tube is 20°C to 200°C.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the invention are:
本发明针对真三轴测试***试验数据获取困难，尤其是无法监测试样内部动态力学参数这一现象，实现了高温和中低应变率加载下固体动态各项异性和非均匀性的测试***。The invention aims at the difficulty of obtaining the test data of the true triaxial test system, especially the phenomenon that the dynamic mechanical parameters inside the sample cannot be monitored, and realizes the test system of solid dynamic anisotropy and non-uniformity under high temperature and medium and low strain rate loading.
本发明克服了声发射传感器抗压能力差，无法在高压环境下工作这一缺陷，在岩石试样六个方向的刚性压板中设计共24个掏槽，刚性压板中的掏槽应为圆柱形，开槽直径应为2～4cm，将24个声发射传感器嵌入至刚性压板中，通过主动激发与接收超声波，分析岩石试样三维内部应力波传播特征，三维各向异性和非均匀性。The invention overcomes the defect that the acoustic emission sensor has poor compression resistance and cannot work in a high-pressure environment. A total of 24 cuts are designed in the rigid pressure plate of the rock sample in six directions. The cut in the rigid pressure plate should be cylindrical The diameter of the slot should be 2~4cm. 24 acoustic emission sensors are embedded in the rigid platen. Through active excitation and reception of ultrasonic waves, the three-dimensional internal stress wave propagation characteristics, three-dimensional anisotropy and non-uniformity of the rock sample are analyzed.
本发明适用多种尺寸岩石试样的力学性能测试。The invention is suitable for testing the mechanical properties of rock samples of various sizes.
1.静态加载模块1. Statically load modules
本发明采用液压伺服加载，轴向(Z轴)和侧向(X、Y轴)可分别实现0～3000KN和0～700KN范围内的伺服静态加载，其中Z轴油缸具有 ±20mm的活塞行程，X、Y轴方向每个油缸具有±10mm的活塞行程。The invention adopts hydraulic servo loading, and the axial (Z axis) and lateral (X, Y axis) can achieve servo static loading in the range of 0-3000KN and 0-700KN, respectively, where the Z-axis cylinder has a piston stroke of ±20mm, Each cylinder in the X and Y axes has a piston stroke of ±10mm.
本发明具有水力压裂功能，可提供0～80MPa水力压裂的应力，油缸最大工作压力20MPa；油缸行程200mm，排水量240ml。The invention has the function of hydraulic fracturing, can provide the stress of 0~80MPa hydraulic fracturing, the maximum working pressure of the oil cylinder is 20MPa; the stroke of the oil cylinder is 200mm, and the displacement is 240ml.
2.温度加载模块2. Temperature loading module
本发明温度控制模块采用六面直接加热测温的温控方式，并通过PID(比例、积分、微分)精确控制调节。The temperature control module of the invention adopts the temperature control mode of six-sided direct heating to measure temperature, and is precisely controlled and regulated by PID (proportional, integral and differential).
本发明试件温度控制范围为室温至200℃，加热板温度控制精度为0.1℃，温度传感器精度±0.1℃，可承载温度范围分别为Z方向0KN～3000KN，X、Y方向0KN～700KN。The temperature control range of the test piece of the present invention is room temperature to 200°C, the accuracy of the temperature control of the heating plate is 0.1°C, the accuracy of the temperature sensor is ±0.1°C, and the loadable temperature range is 0KN to 3000KN in the Z direction, and 0KN to 700KN in the X and Y directions.
3.动态加载模块3. Dynamically load modules
传统液压加载***激发的动态荷载频率往往小于70Hz，对于需要多点控制的正弦波，其频率一般只有十几Hz，甚至几Hz。本发明液压缸要求实现加载应力波频率达到0.1～300Hz范围内伺服可控，且最大动态激振力可达1000KN，振幅范围±0.15mm，对应加载率达到10 1s -1量级。 The frequency of the dynamic load excited by the traditional hydraulic loading system is often less than 70Hz. For a sine wave that requires multi-point control, the frequency is generally only a dozen Hz or even a few Hz. The hydraulic cylinder of the present invention requires that the frequency of the loading stress wave reaches 0.1 to 300 Hz and the servo can be controlled, and the maximum dynamic excitation force can reach 1000 KN, the amplitude range is ±0.15 mm, and the corresponding loading rate reaches the order of 10 1 s -1 .
本发明可实现矩形波、三角波、正弦波等任意波形加载。扰动荷载的作用方式可实现点作用形式(局部扰动杆扰动)和面作用形式。The invention can realize the loading of arbitrary waveforms such as rectangular wave, triangular wave and sine wave. The action mode of disturbance load can realize point action form (local disturbance rod disturbance) and surface action form.
本发明通过先进的伺服自适应幅相控制补偿技术、辨识频域迭代自学习控制算法等控制技术相结合，高性能的流体动力技术作动器执行动作，最终实现试验对象在等幅控制下和时域波形复现控制下遭受振动时的受力变化。The invention combines advanced servo adaptive amplitude and phase control compensation technology, identification frequency domain iterative self-learning control algorithm and other control technologies, high-performance fluid power technology actuators perform actions, and finally realizes that the test object is under equal amplitude control and Time domain waveform reproduction control changes in the force when subjected to vibration.
本发明整体结构为封闭型，具有限压保护、卸荷，高效率、低噪音等功能特点，并可以根据试验需求流量同时或分别输出动力。The overall structure of the present invention is a closed type, with pressure limiting protection, unloading, high efficiency, low noise and other functional characteristics, and can output power simultaneously or separately according to the test demand flow.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
图1是本发明一种中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***XY平面图；FIG. 1 is an XY plan view of a medium-low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system of the present invention;
图2是本发明一种中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***XZ平面图；2 is an XZ plan view of a medium-low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system of the present invention;
图3是本发明一种中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***动力加载装置组成图；FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of a power loading device of a medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system of the present invention;
图4是本发明的试样及加热板结构示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample and heating plate of the present invention;
图5至图7是本发明的试样、加热板及刚性压板示意图。5 to 7 are schematic diagrams of the sample, heating plate and rigid platen of the present invention.
图中部件名称如下：The names of the parts in the picture are as follows:
试样101、加热板102、刚性压板103、声发射传感器104； Sample 101, heating plate 102, rigid pressure plate 103, acoustic emission sensor 104;
静力加载装置201、动力加载装置202、磁致伸缩位移传感器203、试样加载机构204、荷载传感器205； Static loading device 201, dynamic loading device 202, magnetostrictive displacement sensor 203, sample loading mechanism 204, load sensor 205;
伺服控制器301、油源控制器302、电液伺服控制软件303、时域波形再现软件304、信号调理单元与传感器305、液压线性激振器306、液压油源及分油器307。Servo controller 301, oil source controller 302, electro-hydraulic servo control software 303, time domain waveform reproduction software 304, signal conditioning unit and sensor 305, hydraulic linear vibrator 306, hydraulic oil source and oil separator 307.
本文中英文简称PID：比例、积分、微分。This article is referred to as PID in Chinese and English: proportional, integral, and differential.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
本发明的测试***，引入动态加载和动力参数获取功能，实现应变率在10 -3s -1至10 1s -1范围内岩石动态力学特性研究，研制中低应变率动静一体化真三轴试验测试***。 The test system of the present invention introduces dynamic loading and dynamic parameter acquisition functions to realize the study of dynamic mechanical properties of rocks with strain rates in the range of 10 -3 s -1 to 10 1 s -1 , and develops a true and triaxial integrated dynamic and static triaxiality Test the test system.
如图1和图2所示，图1为中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***XY平面图，图2为中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***XZ平面图。本发明的测试***包括X、Y和Z三个方向静力加载装置201和单独Z方向的动力加载装置202，其中X、Y方向各两个静力加载装置201，Z方向一个静力加载装置201，静力加载装置201为静力液压伺服油缸。X、Y方向四个静力液压伺服油缸，每个最高可提供700KN静态压力，Z方向的一个静力液压伺服油缸最高可提高3000KN静态压力。测试试样放置于试样加载机构204中，5个静力液压伺服油缸上均分别安装磁致伸缩位移传感器203与荷载传感器205，用于精确测量加载过程中压头位移和加载力。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 1 is an XY plan view of a low- and medium-strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system, and FIG. 2 is a medium- and low-strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system XZ plan. The test system of the present invention includes three static loading devices 201 in X, Y and Z directions and a separate dynamic loading device 202 in Z direction, wherein two static loading devices 201 in each of X and Y directions and one static loading device in Z direction 201. The static loading device 201 is a static hydraulic servo cylinder. Four static hydraulic servo cylinders in the X and Y directions, each of which can provide a maximum static pressure of 700KN, and a static hydraulic servo cylinder in the Z direction can increase the static pressure of up to 3000KN. The test sample is placed in the sample loading mechanism 204, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor 203 and the load sensor 205 are respectively installed on the five static hydraulic servo cylinders for accurately measuring the displacement of the indenter and the loading force during the loading process.
动力加载装置202具体结构如下：如图3所示，通过以太网将伺服控制器301、油源控制器302与电液伺服控制软件303、时域波形再现软件304相连接，通过信号调理单元与传感器305的数据，采用伺服控制器301控制液压线性激振器306。通过控制及测量信号，采用油源控制器302控制液压油源及分油器307。动态变形、荷载和位移数据采集采用高速采集卡，可接受8通道模拟量信号，采用数据可达10KHz。伺服油源采用流量梯度设计，液压动力泵站由2套泵机提供动力。试验首先控制静力液压伺服油缸，达到三个加载方向的目标静态荷载，保持稳定后控制动态加载***，对试样施加动态扰动。The specific structure of the power loading device 202 is as follows: As shown in FIG. 3, the servo controller 301, the oil source controller 302 and the electro-hydraulic servo control software 303, and the time-domain waveform reproduction software 304 are connected via Ethernet, and the signal conditioning unit is connected to The data of the sensor 305 is controlled by a hydraulic controller 306 using a servo controller 301. Through the control and measurement signals, the oil source controller 302 is used to control the hydraulic oil source and the oil separator 307. The dynamic deformation, load and displacement data acquisition adopts high-speed acquisition card, which can accept 8-channel analog signal, and the data can reach 10KHz. The servo oil source adopts flow gradient design, and the hydraulic power pump station is powered by 2 sets of pumps. The test first controlled the static hydraulic servo cylinder to achieve the target static load in the three loading directions. After maintaining stability, the dynamic loading system was controlled to apply dynamic disturbance to the sample.
加热板102依附于岩石试样六个表面进行直接加热，在和试样101接触的加热板中内置加热管，通过向加热管中注入热油或者冷却液对试样进行温控。温度传感器内置于加热板中，实时监控加热板温度，并利用PID(比例、积分、微分)精确调节，来保证每个加热板达到目标温度。The heating plate 102 is attached to the six surfaces of the rock sample for direct heating. A heating tube is built into the heating plate in contact with the sample 101, and the sample is temperature-controlled by injecting hot oil or cooling liquid into the heating tube. The temperature sensor is built into the heating plate, which monitors the temperature of the heating plate in real time, and uses PID (proportional, integral, derivative) to accurately adjust to ensure that each heating plate reaches the target temperature.
24个声发射传感器104内置于刚性压板103中，通过适当耦合剂保证传感器与压板充分接触。分别对初始状态岩石试样、试验后岩石试样以及针对试验要求，对不同加载状态下岩石试样进行动态力学参数监测与获取。具体实施过程如下：Twenty-four acoustic emission sensors 104 are built into the rigid pressure plate 103, and the proper coupling agent is used to ensure that the sensor is fully in contact with the pressure plate. The dynamic mechanical parameters of the rock samples in the initial state, the rock samples after the test and the test requirements, and the rock samples under different loading states are monitored and obtained respectively. The specific implementation process is as follows:
1：对岩石六个表面进行编号：X1、X2、Y1、Y2、Z1和Z2，并对内置于六个面上的声发射传感器依次进行编号，S1、S2、S3…S22、S23和S24。1: Number the six surfaces of the rock: X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, and Z2, and sequentially number the acoustic emission sensors built on the six surfaces, S1, S2, S3...S22, S23, and S24.
2：采用S1号声发射传感器主动激发超声波，并记录波形触发时间。分别记录和计算剩余23个传感器接收的超声波波形，波形触发时间及对应的波速V 1_S2，V 1_S3，V 1_S4…..V 1_S24。 2: Adopt S1 acoustic emission sensor to actively stimulate the ultrasonic wave and record the waveform trigger time. Record and calculate the ultrasonic waveform received by the remaining 23 sensors, the waveform trigger time and the corresponding wave speeds V 1_S2 , V 1_S3 , V 1_S4 … V 1_S24 respectively .
V 1_Sj＝d 1_Sj/t 1_Sj V 1_Sj = d 1_Sj /t 1_Sj
其中j＝2，3，4…….，24，d 1_Sj表示Sj号传感器至S1号传感器距离，t 1_Sj表示超声波由S1号传感器传播至Sj号传感器所需时间 Where j = 2, 3, 4 ..., 24, d 1_Sj represents the distance from Sj sensor to S1 sensor, and t 1_Sj represents the time required for the ultrasonic wave to propagate from S1 sensor to Sj sensor
3：依次重复第二步，分别采用S2号至S24号声发射传感器主动激发超声波，记录和计算波形触发时间以及剩余23个声发射传感器所接收的超声波波形，波形触发时间及对应的波速V i_Sj，其中i表示激发波形传感器编号，j表示接收波形传感器编号。 3: Repeat the second step in turn, using the S2 to S24 acoustic emission sensors to actively stimulate the ultrasound, record and calculate the waveform trigger time and the ultrasonic waveform received by the remaining 23 acoustic emission sensors, the waveform trigger time and the corresponding wave velocity V i_Sj , Where i represents the excitation waveform sensor number and j represents the received waveform sensor number.
4：通过不同声发射传感器接收超声波的触发时间，通过形函数插值的方法计算岩石内部不同区域的三维应力波波速，具体步骤如下：4: The trigger time of receiving ultrasonic waves through different acoustic emission sensors, and the method of shape function interpolation to calculate the three-dimensional stress wave velocity in different areas of the rock. The specific steps are as follows:
1)将得到的波速V i_Sj分解至X，Y和Z三个坐标方向V i_Sj- X，V i_Sj- Y和V i_Sj-Z。 1) Decompose the obtained wave velocity V i_Sj into X, Y and Z three coordinate directions V i_Sj - X , V i_Sj - Y and V i_Sj-Z .
2)确定三维插值函数：2) Determine the three-dimensional interpolation function:
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000001
式中N i为节点i的插值函数，i＝1,2,3,……24；m，n，p分别代表每一个坐标方向的行列数减1，即每一个坐标方向拉格朗日多项式的次数；I，J，K表示节点i在每一个坐标方向的行列号。
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000002
和
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000003
可以通过以下公式确定： Where N i is the interpolation function of node i, i = 1, 2, 3, ... 24; m, n, p represent the number of rows and columns in each coordinate direction minus 1, that is, the Lagrangian polynomial in each coordinate direction The number of times; I, J, K represents the row and column number of node i in each coordinate direction.
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000002
with
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000003
It can be determined by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000006
式中ξ，η和ζ为局部坐标系中三个坐标方向，分别对应直角坐标系中X，Y和Z三个坐标方向；n＝24，为传感器个数；(ξ，η，ζ)为试样内部任意一点的位置；(ξ j，η j，ζ j)为每一传感器对应局部坐标系中的坐标值。 Where ξ, η and ζ are the three coordinate directions in the local coordinate system, respectively corresponding to the three coordinate directions in the rectangular coordinate system X, Y and Z; n=24, the number of sensors; (ξ, η, ζ) is The position of any point inside the sample; (ξ j , η j , ζ j ) is the coordinate value in the local coordinate system corresponding to each sensor.
3)确定试样内部三维应力波波速3) Determine the three-dimensional stress wave velocity inside the sample
试样内部任意一点的X，Y和Z方向的应力波波速可以通过以下公式获得：The X, Y and Z direction stress wave velocity at any point inside the sample can be obtained by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019115489-appb-000009
通过得到的岩石内部三维应力波波速及超声波振幅与频率，明确岩石试样的三维各向异性和非均匀性。The three-dimensional anisotropy and non-uniformity of the rock specimen are clarified by the three-dimensional stress wave velocity and ultrasonic amplitude and frequency in the rock.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or replacements can be made, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：其包括：试样(101)、加热板(102)、刚性压板(103)、声发射传感器(104)、静力加载装置(201)、动力加载装置(202)、磁致伸缩位移传感器(203)、试样加载机构(204)、荷载传感器(205)；A medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test and testing system, characterized in that it includes: a sample (101), a heating plate (102), a rigid pressure plate (103), an acoustic emission sensor (104), and a static loading device ( 201), power loading device (202), magnetostrictive displacement sensor (203), sample loading mechanism (204), load sensor (205);
    所述测试***包括X、Y和Z三个方向静力加载装置(201)和单独Z方向的动力加载装置(202)，其中X、Y方向各两个静力加载装置(201)，Z方向一个静力加载装置(201)，测试试样(101)放置于试样加载机构(204)中，5个静力加载装置(201)上均分别安装磁致伸缩位移传感器(203)与荷载传感器(205)；The test system includes three static loading devices (201) in X, Y and Z directions and a separate dynamic loading device (202) in Z direction, wherein two static loading devices (201) in X and Y directions, Z direction A static loading device (201), the test sample (101) is placed in the sample loading mechanism (204), and magnetostrictive displacement sensors (203) and load sensors are respectively installed on the five static loading devices (201) (205);
    所述加热板(102)依附于试样(101)表面对试样(101)进行直接加热，在和试样(101)接触的加热板(102)中内置加热管；试样(101)六个方向的刚性压板(103)中设有6N个掏槽，N＝2或N＝3或N＝4或N＝5或N＝6，6N个声发射传感器(104)嵌入至刚性压板中，所述声发射传感器具有主动激发和接收超声波功能。The heating plate (102) is attached to the surface of the sample (101) to directly heat the sample (101), and a heating tube is built into the heating plate (102) in contact with the sample (101); the sample (101) VI 6N cuts are provided in the rigid pressing plate (103) in each direction, N=2 or N=3 or N=4 or N=5 or N=6, and 6N acoustic emission sensors (104) are embedded in the rigid pressing plate, The acoustic emission sensor has the function of actively exciting and receiving ultrasonic waves.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：静力加载装置(201)为静力液压伺服油缸。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system according to claim 1, wherein the static loading device (201) is a static hydraulic servo cylinder.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：动力加载装置(202)具体结构如下：其包括伺服控制器(301)、油源控制器(302)、电液伺服控制软件(303)、时域波形再现软件(304)、信号调理单元与传感器(305)、液压线性激振器(306)、液压油源及分油器(307)；通过以太网将伺服控制器(301)、油源控制器(302)与电液伺服控制软件(303)、时域波形再现软件(304)相连接，通过信 号调理单元与传感器(305)的数据，采用伺服控制器(301)控制液压线性激振器(306)，通过控制及测量信号，采用油源控制器(302)控制液压油源及分油器(307)。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific structure of the power loading device (202) is as follows: it includes a servo controller (301), an oil source controller (302), an electric Hydraulic servo control software (303), time domain waveform reproduction software (304), signal conditioning unit and sensor (305), hydraulic linear vibrator (306), hydraulic oil source and oil separator (307); The servo controller (301), the oil source controller (302) are connected to the electro-hydraulic servo control software (303), the time domain waveform reproduction software (304), and the servo control is adopted through the data of the signal conditioning unit and the sensor (305) The device (301) controls the hydraulic linear vibration exciter (306), and uses the oil source controller (302) to control the hydraulic oil source and the oil separator (307) through the control and measurement signals.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：所述声发射传感器(104)内置于刚性压板中，通过适当耦合剂保证传感器与压板充分接触。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system according to claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic emission sensor (104) is built in a rigid pressure plate, and the sensor is fully contacted with the pressure plate by an appropriate coupling agent.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：通过向加热管中注入热油或者冷却液对试样进行温控。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the sample is controlled by injecting hot oil or cooling liquid into the heating tube.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：将温度传感器内置于加热板中，实时监控加热板温度。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature sensor is built into the heating plate to monitor the temperature of the heating plate in real time.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：刚性压板中的掏槽为圆柱形，开槽直径为2～4cm。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test and testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut in the rigid pressure plate is cylindrical and the diameter of the cut is 2 to 4 cm.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的中低应变率动静一体化试验测试***，其特征在于：加热管加热温度的范围取值为20℃至200℃。The medium and low strain rate dynamic and static integrated test system according to claim 1, characterized in that the range of the heating temperature of the heating tube is 20°C to 200°C.
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