WO2020130403A1 - Copper alloy, for terminal and connector, exhibiting excellent bending processability and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Copper alloy, for terminal and connector, exhibiting excellent bending processability and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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WO2020130403A1
WO2020130403A1 PCT/KR2019/016559 KR2019016559W WO2020130403A1 WO 2020130403 A1 WO2020130403 A1 WO 2020130403A1 KR 2019016559 W KR2019016559 W KR 2019016559W WO 2020130403 A1 WO2020130403 A1 WO 2020130403A1
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copper alloy
strength
connector
copper
rolling
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PCT/KR2019/016559
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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최준영
이시담
곽원신
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주식회사 풍산
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Priority to CN201980087237.9A priority Critical patent/CN113260726B/en
Publication of WO2020130403A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020130403A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper

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  • the present invention relates to a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector having excellent bending workability, strength, and spring limit, and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • the present invention relates to a copper alloy including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and aluminum (Al), and the copper alloy according to the present invention is conventionally used as a material for terminals and connectors. It has superior strength, bending workability and spring limit compared to the brass material used, and can be manufactured at very low cost compared to phosphor bronze material.
  • zinc (Zn) By containing zinc (Zn), brass improves strength and spring limit, and raw material cost is reduced due to the inexpensive addition of Zn. However, as the content of Zn increases, if a certain content (for example, 20% by mass) is exceeded, the bending processability of the copper alloy obtained is lowered, which may cause problems such as cracks and fractures when processing into a terminal and connector shape.
  • phosphor bronze which is frequently used as a terminal and connector material, is very difficult to manufacture by hot rolling due to the tin (Sn) component. Therefore, since it is manufactured by horizontal continuous casting rather than vertical continuous casting, there is a disadvantage in that productivity is poor, manufacturing cost is very high, and raw material cost is very high as Cu and Sn as the main components, resulting in poor economic efficiency.
  • the electrical conductivity is 15%IACS level, and the conductivity is low, which may cause problems when applied to electric and electronic parts.
  • the copper alloy material used In order to meet the trend of miniaturization and miniaturization of electronic parts, the copper alloy material used must have all functions such as mechanical properties and electrical properties required within an allowable volume. In order to maintain the contact pressure of terminals and connectors even when the material is thin, the material itself must have high strength and crack even when bending with a very small radius in order to satisfy the electrical signal connection and mechanical properties required within a smaller volume than before. (crack) or fracture should not occur, so high bending workability is required.
  • the copper alloy material used not only has high strength, but also exhibits excellent bending workability and high electrical conductivity characteristics over a certain level. Should be.
  • terminals that generate heat such as headlight sockets, are generally exposed to heat of about 80 to 120° C. and receive repeated thermal stress.
  • the connector made of the existing brass and phosphor bronze is exposed to thermal stress for a long period of time as described above, a contact failure between the connectors may occur and electrical connection due to this may be broken. Therefore, in the case of an expensive automobile, an expensive and highly functional copper alloy is mainly used as an automobile connector component.
  • low-cost brass and phosphor bronze are still applied to automotive connectors.
  • Phosphor bronze has excellent properties and is cheaper than high-performance copper alloys, but is made of expensive copper and tin, which is very expensive compared to brass. It has the disadvantage of being expensive.
  • phosphor bronze is difficult to manufacture by hot rolling due to the additive element tin, and is generally manufactured by horizontal continuous casting, resulting in poor productivity, high manufacturing cost, and low yield. Therefore, the automotive parts industry requires the development of a copper alloy having a phosphor bronze level and a lower manufacturing cost.
  • Korean Patent Application No. 10-2008-7030585 discloses a Cu-Zn-based alloy, but is not significantly different from the characteristics of conventional brass and does not reach the level of strength required by the current industry.
  • the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, which cannot be satisfied with the conventional technology, copper for terminals and connectors having a level of strength, electrical conductivity, bending workability, and spring limit values that satisfy the required characteristics of recent industries described below. It is intended to provide an alloy and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • the present invention is in mass%, zinc (Zn): 20 to 35%, nickel (Ni): 0.5 to 2%, aluminum (Al): 0.2 to 1%, balance copper (Cu) and 0.1% or less inevitable
  • the inevitable impurities are at least one member selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn and Zr
  • NiAl precipitates Included, the content of Ni [Ni] and the content of Al [Al] is 0.7 ⁇ [Ni] + [Al] ⁇ 3 and 2 ⁇ [Ni]/[Al] ⁇ 2.5 at the same time.
  • a copper alloy for a connector is 0.7 ⁇ [Ni] + [Al] ⁇ 3 and 2 ⁇ [Ni]/[Al] ⁇ 2.5 at the same time.
  • a copper alloy for a connector is 0.7 ⁇ [Ni] + [Al] ⁇ 3 and 2 ⁇ [Ni]/
  • the copper alloy may be in the form of a sheet or plate.
  • the present invention is a step of casting the ingot by dissolving the above-described elements, homogenizing heat treatment of the obtained ingot at 800°C or more to 850°C or less for 1 to 4 hours, and hot rolling at a processing rate of 85 to 95%, rolling reduction 87
  • a method of manufacturing a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector, comprising cold rolling in a range of ⁇ 98%, precipitation heat treatment for 1-10 hours at a temperature of 500-600°C, and finished rolling at a reduction rate of 10-90% gives
  • the copper alloy according to the present invention is excellent in strength, bending workability and spring limit characteristics. In addition, when manufacturing through the manufacturing process according to the present invention, the process cost is reduced compared to the phosphor bronze process cost.
  • the present invention provides a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector having excellent strength, bending workability and spring limit and a manufacturing method.
  • % indicating the content of the component element is mass%, unless otherwise indicated.
  • Zinc (Zn) is the main element of the copper alloy according to the present invention, and the content for showing the properties required in the present invention is 20 to 35%. When the content is 20% or more, Zn is dissolved in the copper matrix to exhibit a strengthening effect. On the other hand, when the Zn content exceeds 35%, the bending processability and the spring limit value are deteriorated despite the effect of the additive elements such as Ni and Al, which will be described later, making it difficult to use as a material for terminals and connectors.
  • Nickel (Ni) is generally known to improve various properties such as strength, heat resistance, bending workability, discoloration resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, and stress relaxation properties when added to a copper alloy.
  • Ni forms aluminum (Al) and NiAl precipitates, which will be described later. Thanks to the NiAl precipitate, it is possible to simultaneously improve strength and electrical conductivity, which are characteristics opposite to those of the copper alloy finally obtained. If Ni is less than 0.5%, the above-described effect is minimal, and if it exceeds 2%, the manufacturing cost increases and bending workability decreases, so a range of 0.5 to 2% is suitable.
  • Aluminum (Al) is generally known to have an effect of improving corrosion resistance and melt flow when added to a copper alloy, and the copper alloy according to the present invention forms the above-described Ni and NiAl precipitates. It is possible to simultaneously improve strength and electrical conductivity, which are properties to be achieved.
  • the relationship between Ni and Al, which will be described later, must be satisfied, and the Al content may be determined according to the amount of Ni added. Therefore, the content of Al is 0.2 to 1%.
  • the copper alloy according to the present invention includes NiAl precipitates produced through a chemical reaction between Ni and Al. Copper alloy according to the present invention has a high strength and bending workability compared to conventional brass due to the NiAl precipitate. The relationship between nickel and aluminum content must satisfy the following two relations.
  • the ratio of the content of nickel and aluminum ranges from 2 to 2.5. Within this range, the effect of forming NiAl precipitates is greatest while minimizing the amount dissolved in the copper matrix.
  • At least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn and Zr has a total content of 0.1% or less. It is contained within the range.
  • the impurity is an element added in the manufacturing process of a copper alloy, and is an impurity that may occur due to the use of reducing snow (recycling copper raw material) when mixing raw materials in the general copper alloy manufacturing process. Or, the impurity may be inevitably contained in the dissolution and casting of raw materials.
  • the impurities do not affect the properties of the copper alloy according to the present invention, since it is present in a very small amount when viewed as a whole of the copper alloy finally obtained.
  • copper alloys tend to decrease in electrical conductivity with increasing strength, and tend to decrease in strength with increasing electrical conductivity, so it is very difficult to improve both properties.
  • Ni and Al as constituent components react to form NiAl precipitates, thereby improving strength and electrical conductivity properties.
  • the strength is mainly indicated by the tensile strength, which is the mechanical property of the material related to the formability when the material is processed into a terminal using a mold and the bonding characteristic between the female terminal and the male terminal after terminal processing.
  • the higher the tensile strength of the copper alloy the more favorable, but if the tensile strength is too high, the bending workability, which is another required characteristic of the copper alloy of the present invention, is excessively deteriorated, resulting in deviation from the terminal dimensions, and damage and wear of the mold become severe. , The limits are naturally set by achieving other characteristics required by the present invention. Conversely, if the tensile strength is too low, defects such as warpage occur when the terminals are coupled. Therefore, the copper alloy according to the present invention requires a tensile strength of 580 MPa or more.
  • the copper alloy according to the present invention exhibits a spring limit of 300 MPa or more.
  • the spring limit is an indicator of the elasticity of the material and is specified in standard standards such as KS D 5202 or JIS H 3130. It shows the strength with a certain level of elasticity in the initial shape before deformation when a load is applied to and removed from a test piece that conforms to the standard.
  • the spring limit value characteristic is that the material should not be deformed outside the processing part when processing connectors and terminals. It is important.
  • the copper alloy material for automotive connectors should have an electrical conductivity of at least 10%IACS or higher, preferably 20%IACS or higher.
  • copper alloys tend to decrease in electrical conductivity with increasing strength and tend to decrease with increasing electrical conductivity, so it is very difficult to improve both properties.
  • Copper alloy according to the present invention by forming a NiAl precipitate has excellent conductivity while having the same or higher strength than conventional phosphor bronze or brass.
  • the bending workability is the most basic characteristic when manufacturing a connector, and the final shape is processed by punching using a mold and processing into a profile. If the bending workability of the material is poor, cracks are generated on the surface of the bend, and eventually, when the part is subjected to external stress, the electrical reliability is lost due to the weakening of the bonding strength. As the miniaturization of the terminal progresses, the thickness of the copper alloy sheet becomes thinner, and bending workability is further required. Therefore, in order to be used as a connector for automobiles, it is necessary to show defects in the bending processability of the copper alloy material. As used herein, the term "defectless" means that cracking does not occur in the bending processability test, as disclosed in the examples described below.
  • R/t bending radius of curvature/specimen thickness
  • the copper alloy according to the present invention satisfies both strength and bending workability at the same time suitable for automotive connectors.
  • the plate material was implemented by work hardening by rolling, which resulted in a decrease in bending workability. That is, the existing brass did not satisfy the strength and bending workability at the same time, making it difficult to apply for automotive connector applications.
  • phosphor bronze should be manufactured by special casting method such as horizontal continuous casting due to very poor hot workability such as hot rolling.
  • the copper alloy material according to the present invention can be used as an automobile connector because it secures strength after it is built on the basis of securing bending workability, and can be manufactured as a plate material by a rolling process.
  • the copper alloy according to the present invention can be prepared according to the manufacturing method described below.
  • the ingot is cast by dissolving the component elements according to the above-described composition.
  • hot rolling with a working rate of 85 to 95% is performed.
  • water cooling is performed to solute the solute elements, and cold rolling with a processing rate of 87 to 98% is performed.
  • precipitation heat treatment is performed at 500 to 600°C for 1 to 10 hours. Subsequently, the final thickness of the product is determined by finished rolling at a reduction rate of 10 to 90%.
  • Hot rolling Immediately after homogenizing heat treatment of the obtained ingot at 800 to 850°C for 1 to 4 hours, hot rolling with a working rate of 85 to 95% is performed.
  • Homogenization heat treatment is an essential process involved in hot rolling and is a process for removing the casting structure and forming a new recrystallized structure by hot rolling in a state where the ingot is not hot-worked but sufficiently heated.
  • the hot rolling condition is an important factor affecting the metal structure among alloy properties, and the structure after hot rolling is different due to the hot rolling condition, and thus the characteristics of the finished product are different.
  • Hot rolling conditions include hot rolling temperature, hot rolling pass water, and cooling conditions, and the structure obtained after hot rolling is different depending on each condition.
  • the hot rolling temperature should be in the range of 800 to 850°C. When in the hot rolling temperature range, there is no directivity An isotropic recrystallized structure can be obtained.
  • water cooling is performed to solute the solute elements.
  • the precipitation and the precipitation process are performed in the state in which precipitates are first generated during cooling in preparation for the rapid cooling condition of water cooling, and thus the effect of improving the properties in the precipitation process cannot be expected.
  • Water cooling has a similar effect to solvation under rapid cooling conditions, and can produce good precipitates in subsequent precipitation processes.
  • the high rolling energy may be accumulated by the cold rolling to increase the driving force for generating precipitates in a subsequent precipitation process.
  • the copper alloy according to the present invention is characterized in that NiAl precipitates are formed through a precipitation process to improve strength and at the same time prevent a decrease in electrical conductivity, and also, through the precipitation process, the stress inside the material accumulated in the cold rolling process can be removed. have.
  • the final thickness of the product is determined by finished rolling at a reduction rate of 10 to 90%.
  • an appropriate rolling reduction ratio can be selected according to the required physical properties.
  • an intermediate heat treatment may be performed after cold rolling with a processing rate of 30 to 90%, if necessary.
  • the cold rolling and intermediate heat treatment step of the processing rate of 30 to 90% is a sedimentation (partial bonding by heat and pressure) that may occur due to the process of the mass production line precipitation heat treatment facility or manufacturing conditions, or the surface pickling process after precipitation heat treatment. It is intended to solve surface quality problems such as scratches and is not an essential process.
  • the intermediate heat treatment can be applied when the product thickness after the precipitation heat treatment and the thickness after the finished rolling are out of the target physical properties (strength, electrical conductivity), or it is difficult to secure the target characteristics.
  • the intermediate heat treatment is intended to reduce the strength, but since the decrease in electrical conductivity should be minimized, it is important to heat-treat so that the electrical conductivity is reduced within the range of 0.1 to 3%IACS.
  • the electrical conductivity is reduced to less than 0.1% IACS, the heat treatment has no effect, and when the electrical conductivity is reduced to more than 3% IACS, the heat treatment has a large effect, but the reduction in electrical conductivity and strength reduces the target characteristics of the copper alloy. There is a possibility to escape.
  • the electrical conductivity of the finally obtained copper alloy should be 20% ICAS or more.
  • Specimens of Examples 1 to 14 were prepared with the composition disclosed in Table 1. The method of manufacturing the specimen is as described below.
  • alloy elements including copper were blended based on 1 kg, dissolved in a high-frequency melting furnace, and ingots having a thickness of 20 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 160 to 180 mm were prepared.
  • the manufactured ingot is cut into 20 boxes each by cutting the bottom and the top of the bottom by 20 mm, and then into a box of 850°C using an ingot in the middle part.
  • Hot rolling was performed with a processing rate of 90%. At the same time as the hot rolling was completed, water cooling was carried out to prevent precipitation of solute elements.
  • the product was water-cooled to dissolve the solute element.
  • high strain energy was accumulated to increase the driving force for the formation of precipitates, followed by precipitation heat treatment at 550°C for 3 hours, followed by cold rolling with a processing rate of 50%.
  • the finished rolled copper alloy was prepared as a specimen having a size of 0.3t x 30w x 200L and used in subsequent tests.
  • the results of the characteristic analysis disclosed in the following test examples for the copper alloy specimens prepared according to Examples 1 to 14 are shown in Table 2.
  • Tensile strength was measured using ZWICK ROELL's Z100 universal tester according to KS B0802 standard, electrical conductivity was measured according to KS D0240 standard, and spring limit was measured according to KS D 5202.
  • the bending workability was measured in accordance with KSB 0804 (Metallic material bending test method).
  • the surface of the bent portion of the specimen subjected to the bending test was observed and evaluated with an optical microscope. By observing the shape or defect outside the bend, it is evaluated as A, B, C, and D as shown below.
  • Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 and Table 2 Comparing the composition and properties of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 and Table 2, the tensile strength and spring limit among the properties of the copper alloy according to the present invention are satisfied only by adding Ni without adding Al to the copper alloy composition. You can see that you can't. That is, in the case of the copper alloy according to the composition disclosed in Comparative Example 1, it is difficult to apply it as a material for terminals and connectors due to low strength and spring limit values. Also, through Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that addition of simple Al also does not satisfy the properties. . In the case of Comparative Example 2, the tensile strength and the spring limit are low, making it difficult to apply as a material for terminals and connectors.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a copper alloy, for a terminal and a connector, exhibiting excellent bending processability, strength and spring threshold, and a preparation method thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to a copper alloy comprising copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and aluminum (Al). The copper alloy according to the present invention exhibits excellent strength, bending processability and spring threshold compared to an existing brass material used as a material for a terminal and a connector, and can be prepared at a very low cost compared to a phosphor bronze material.

Description

굽힘가공성이 우수한 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금 및 이의 제조방법Copper alloy for terminals and connectors with excellent bending processability and method for manufacturing the same
본 발명은 굽힘가공성, 강도, 스프링한계치가 우수한 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금 및 이의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. 구체적으로는, 본 발명은 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 니켈(Ni) 및 알루미늄(Al)을 포함하는 구리합금에 관한 것으로, 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 기존에 단자 및 커넥터용 소재로 사용되는 황동 소재 대비 강도, 굽힘가공성 및 스프링한계치가 우수하며, 인청동 소재 대비 매우 저렴한 비용으로 제조가 가능하다. The present invention relates to a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector having excellent bending workability, strength, and spring limit, and a method for manufacturing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a copper alloy including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and aluminum (Al), and the copper alloy according to the present invention is conventionally used as a material for terminals and connectors. It has superior strength, bending workability and spring limit compared to the brass material used, and can be manufactured at very low cost compared to phosphor bronze material.
최근 전자부품 및 자동차 부품 분야에서, 전자제품 및 자동차 기술의 급속한 발달로 인해 부품의 소형화가 급격히 진행되고 있으므로, 주요 부품들의 경박단소화는 필연적이다. 이러한 전자부품 및 자동차 부품의 재료로서, 내부에서 전기적 연결 및 지지대 역할을 수행하기 위해서 구리합금이 주로 사용된다. In recent years, in the field of electronic components and automobile parts, miniaturization of components is rapidly progressing due to the rapid development of electronic products and automobile technologies, and thus the reduction in leanness of major components is inevitable. As a material for such electronic and automotive parts, copper alloys are mainly used to perform electrical connection and support functions therein.
이러한 전자부품 및 자동차 부품 재료로서, 기존에 황동 또는 인청동이 사용되어왔다. As such materials for electronic parts and automobile parts, brass or phosphor bronze has been used in the past.
황동은, 아연(Zn)을 함유함으로써 강도 및 스프링한계치가 향상되며 저렴한 Zn 첨가로 인하여 원재료 비용이 절감된다. 하지만 Zn 첨가 함량이 증가함에 따라 일정 함량(예, 20질량%)이 초과되면 오히려 수득되는 구리합금의 굽힘가공성이 저하되어 단자 및 커넥터 형상으로 가공시 균열, 파단 등의 문제를 야기할 수 있다.By containing zinc (Zn), brass improves strength and spring limit, and raw material cost is reduced due to the inexpensive addition of Zn. However, as the content of Zn increases, if a certain content (for example, 20% by mass) is exceeded, the bending processability of the copper alloy obtained is lowered, which may cause problems such as cracks and fractures when processing into a terminal and connector shape.
또한, 단자 및 커넥터 소재로 많이 사용되는 인청동은, 주석(Sn) 성분으로 인하여 열간압연에 의한 제조가 매우 어렵다. 따라서 수직연속 주조가 아닌 가로형 연속주조에 의하여 제조되므로 생산성이 나쁘고 제조비용이 매우 비싸고, Cu 및 Sn이 주성분으로 원재료 비용이 매우 높아서 경제성이 나쁘다는 단점이 있다. 또한 전기전도도가 15%IACS 수준으로 도전율이 낮아 전기전자 부품에 적용시 사용상의 문제가 발생할 수 있다.In addition, phosphor bronze, which is frequently used as a terminal and connector material, is very difficult to manufacture by hot rolling due to the tin (Sn) component. Therefore, since it is manufactured by horizontal continuous casting rather than vertical continuous casting, there is a disadvantage in that productivity is poor, manufacturing cost is very high, and raw material cost is very high as Cu and Sn as the main components, resulting in poor economic efficiency. In addition, the electrical conductivity is 15%IACS level, and the conductivity is low, which may cause problems when applied to electric and electronic parts.
전자부품의 경박단소화 추세 및 소형화 경향에 맞추기 위하여, 사용되는 구리합금 소재는 허용 부피 내에서 요구되는 기계적 물성과 전기적 특성 등 모든 기능을 갖추어야 한다. 소재가 얇은 두께에서도 단자 및 커넥터의 접촉 접압을 유지하려면, 소재 자체의 강도가 높아야 하며, 또한 기존보다 작은 부피 내에서 요구되는 전기적 신호 연결과 기계적 특성을 만족시키기 위해서, 매우 작은 반경으로 굽힐 때에도 균열(crack)이나 파괴가 일어나서는 안되기 때문에 높은 굽힘가공성이 요구된다. In order to meet the trend of miniaturization and miniaturization of electronic parts, the copper alloy material used must have all functions such as mechanical properties and electrical properties required within an allowable volume. In order to maintain the contact pressure of terminals and connectors even when the material is thin, the material itself must have high strength and crack even when bending with a very small radius in order to satisfy the electrical signal connection and mechanical properties required within a smaller volume than before. (crack) or fracture should not occur, so high bending workability is required.
그러나, 구리합금의 강도와 굽힘가공성은 서로 상반되는 특성이므로, 동시에 개선하기 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위하여, 그 동안 구리에 다양한 원소를 첨가한 합금이 개발되었다. 굽힘가공성이 우수하면서 강도도 높은 구리합금으로서, 예를 들어 베릴륨동, 티탄동, 콜손계 구리합금 등이 개발되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 베릴륨동은 높은 제품 가격과 베릴륨의 유해성으로 사용규제가 예상되고 있으며, 티탄동의 경우 높은 가격으로 인해 특정 부품을 제외하고 일반적인 단자나 커넥터 제품에 사용이 불가하다. 콜손계 구리합금이 전기전자부품에 많이 사용되고 있으나 인청동과 유사한 수준의 우수한 굽힘가공성이 요구되는 제품에는 적용이 어렵다.However, since the strength and bending workability of the copper alloy are mutually opposite characteristics, it is difficult to improve at the same time. To solve this, alloys in which various elements have been added to copper have been developed. As a copper alloy having excellent bending workability and high strength, for example, beryllium copper, titanium copper, and colson-based copper alloy have been developed. Nevertheless, beryllium copper is expected to be restricted due to its high product price and the harmfulness of beryllium, and titanium copper cannot be used for general terminal or connector products except for certain parts due to its high price. Although Coleson-based copper alloys are frequently used in electrical and electronic parts, they are difficult to apply to products requiring excellent bending workability similar to phosphor bronze.
또한, 자동차용 커넥터는 엔진룸 등의 가혹한 환경에서 사용되며 복잡한 형상을 가진 소형 부품으로 제조되기 때문에, 사용되는 구리합금 소재는 높은 강도뿐만 아니라, 우수한 굽힘가공성 및 일정 수준 이상의 높은 전기전도도 특성을 나타내어야 한다. 예를 들어, 자동차용 커넥터 중에서, 헤드라이트 소켓 등 열을 발생시키는 단자는 일반적으로 약 80~120℃의 열에 노출되어 반복적인 열응력을 받게 된다. 그러나 기존 황동과 인청동으로 제조된 커넥터는 상술한 바와 같이 장기간 열응력에 노출되면, 커넥터간 접촉 불량이 일어나 이로 인한 전기적 연결이 끊어질 수 있다. 따라서, 고가의 자동차의 경우, 자동차 커넥터용 부품으로, 고가의 고기능성 구리합금을 주로 사용하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 양산차의 경우, 제조 비용 문제로 인해 여전히 자동차용 커넥터에 가격이 낮은 황동과 인청동이 적용되고 있는 실정이다. In addition, since automotive connectors are used in harsh environments such as engine rooms and are made of small parts with complex shapes, the copper alloy material used not only has high strength, but also exhibits excellent bending workability and high electrical conductivity characteristics over a certain level. Should be. For example, among automobile connectors, terminals that generate heat, such as headlight sockets, are generally exposed to heat of about 80 to 120° C. and receive repeated thermal stress. However, when the connector made of the existing brass and phosphor bronze is exposed to thermal stress for a long period of time as described above, a contact failure between the connectors may occur and electrical connection due to this may be broken. Therefore, in the case of an expensive automobile, an expensive and highly functional copper alloy is mainly used as an automobile connector component. However, for most mass-produced cars, due to manufacturing cost problems, low-cost brass and phosphor bronze are still applied to automotive connectors.
하지만, 상기 언급한 바와 같이, 황동의 경우 강도가 낮고 굽힘가공성이 미약하여 주요 부품에는 적용이 어려우며, 인청동의 경우 특성도 우수하고 고기능성 구리합금 보다는 저렴하지만 고가의 구리와 주석으로 이루어져 황동 대비 매우 비싸다는 단점이 있다. 특히, 인청동은 첨가원소인 주석으로 인해 열간압연에 의한 제조가 어려워 일반적으로 가로형 연속주조에 의하여 제조되기 때문에 생산성이 나쁘고 제조비용이 높으며 수율이 낮다. 따라서 자동차 부품 업계에서는 인청동 수준의 특성을 가지면서 제조 비용이 보다 저렴한 구리합금의 개발을 요구하고 있다. However, as mentioned above, brass has low strength and has poor bending workability, making it difficult to apply to major parts. Phosphor bronze has excellent properties and is cheaper than high-performance copper alloys, but is made of expensive copper and tin, which is very expensive compared to brass. It has the disadvantage of being expensive. In particular, phosphor bronze is difficult to manufacture by hot rolling due to the additive element tin, and is generally manufactured by horizontal continuous casting, resulting in poor productivity, high manufacturing cost, and low yield. Therefore, the automotive parts industry requires the development of a copper alloy having a phosphor bronze level and a lower manufacturing cost.
국제특허출원 WO2015046459A호에는, 황동 대비 우수한 특성을 가진 Cu-Zn-Ni-Sn계 합금이 개시되어 있지만, 스프링한계치에 대한 언급이 없어 스프링한계 특성이 중요한 단자 및 커넥터 부품에 적용가능성이 불투명하다.In international patent application WO2015046459A, a Cu-Zn-Ni-Sn-based alloy having superior properties compared to brass is disclosed, but there is no mention of a spring limit value, so its applicability to terminals and connector parts where spring limit properties are important is unclear.
대한민국 특허출원 제10-2008-7030585호에는 Cu-Zn계 합금에 대하여 개시되어 있지만 종래의 황동의 특성과 크게 다르지 않고 현재 산업계에서 요구하는 수준의 강도에 미치지 못한다.Korean Patent Application No. 10-2008-7030585 discloses a Cu-Zn-based alloy, but is not significantly different from the characteristics of conventional brass and does not reach the level of strength required by the current industry.
본 발명은, 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 종래의 기술로는 충족하지 못하는, 후술되는 최근 산업계의 요구 특성을 만족할 수준의 강도, 전기전도도, 굽힘가공성, 스프링한계치를 가지는 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금 및 이의 제조 방법을 제공하고자 한다.The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, which cannot be satisfied with the conventional technology, copper for terminals and connectors having a level of strength, electrical conductivity, bending workability, and spring limit values that satisfy the required characteristics of recent industries described below. It is intended to provide an alloy and a method of manufacturing the same.
본 발명은 질량%로, 아연(Zn): 20 내지 35%, 니켈(Ni): 0.5 내지 2%, 알루미늄(Al): 0.2 내지 1%, 잔부량의 구리(Cu) 및 0.1% 이하의 불가피한 불순물로 이루어지고, 상기 불가피한 불순물은 Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn 및 Zr로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종이고, NiAl 석출물을 포함하고, Ni의 함유량 [Ni]과, Al의 함유량 [Al]은, 0.7 ≤ [Ni]+[Al] ≤ 3과, 2 ≤ [Ni]/[Al] ≤ 2.5를 동시에 만족하는 것인 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금을 개시한다. The present invention is in mass%, zinc (Zn): 20 to 35%, nickel (Ni): 0.5 to 2%, aluminum (Al): 0.2 to 1%, balance copper (Cu) and 0.1% or less inevitable Made of impurities, the inevitable impurities are at least one member selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn and Zr, NiAl precipitates Included, the content of Ni [Ni] and the content of Al [Al] is 0.7 ≤ [Ni] + [Al] ≤ 3 and 2 ≤ [Ni]/[Al] ≤ 2.5 at the same time. And a copper alloy for a connector.
상기 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금은 580MPa 이상의 인장강도, 300MPa 이상의 스프링한계치(Kb), 20%IACS 이상의 전기전도도, 및 TD(Transverse Direction, 압연수직방향) 180° 굽힘가공성 시험시 R/t(굽힘곡률반경/시편두께) = 0의 조건에서 균열이 발생하지 않는 양호한 굽힘가공성 특성을 가진다. The copper alloy for the terminal and connector has a tensile strength of 580 MPa or more, a spring limit value (Kb) of 300 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 20%IACS or more, and R/t (Bending Curvature) when 180° bending processability test Radius/specimen thickness) = 0, it has good bending processability characteristics that cracks do not occur.
상기 구리합금은 시트 또는 판재 형태일 수 있다. The copper alloy may be in the form of a sheet or plate.
본 발명은 상술된 원소들을 용해하여 주괴를 주조하는 단계, 수득된 주괴를 800℃ 이상 내지 850℃ 이하에서 1~4시간 동안 균질화 열처리하고 가공율 85~95%로 열간압연하는 단계, 압하율 87~98% 범위로 냉간압연하는 단계, 500~600℃의 온도에서 1~10시간 동안 석출 열처리하는 단계, 10~90% 압하율로 완제압연하는 단계를 포함하는 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금의 제조 방법을 제공한다.The present invention is a step of casting the ingot by dissolving the above-described elements, homogenizing heat treatment of the obtained ingot at 800°C or more to 850°C or less for 1 to 4 hours, and hot rolling at a processing rate of 85 to 95%, rolling reduction 87 A method of manufacturing a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector, comprising cold rolling in a range of ~98%, precipitation heat treatment for 1-10 hours at a temperature of 500-600°C, and finished rolling at a reduction rate of 10-90% Gives
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 강도와 굽힘가공성 및 스프링한계치 특성이 우수하다. 또한, 본 발명에 따르는 제조공정을 통해 제조시, 공정 비용이 인청동 공정 비용 대비 감소된다.The copper alloy according to the present invention is excellent in strength, bending workability and spring limit characteristics. In addition, when manufacturing through the manufacturing process according to the present invention, the process cost is reduced compared to the phosphor bronze process cost.
도 1은 실시예 9에 따라 제조된 구리합금의 NiAl 석출물을 관찰한 FE-SEM 사진이다.1 is a FE-SEM photograph of the NiAl precipitate of the copper alloy prepared according to Example 9.
본 발명은 강도와 굽힘가공성 및 스프링한계치가 우수한 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금 및 제조 방법을 제공한다. 본 명세서에서 성분 원소의 함량을 표시하는 %는 달리 지시되지 않는 한 질량%이다. The present invention provides a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector having excellent strength, bending workability and spring limit and a manufacturing method. In the present specification,% indicating the content of the component element is mass%, unless otherwise indicated.
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금Copper alloy according to the invention
이하, 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 성분 조성에 대하여 기술한다. Hereinafter, the component composition of the copper alloy according to the present invention will be described.
(1) 아연(Zn)(1) Zinc (Zn)
아연(Zn)은 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 주요 원소이며, 본 발명에서 요구되는 특성을 나타내기 위한 함량은 20 내지 35%이다. 상기 함량이 20% 이상이어야 Zn이 구리 기지 내에 고용되어 강화 효과를 나타낼 수 있다. 한편 Zn 함유량이 35%를 초과할 경우, 후술하는 Ni, Al 등의 첨가 원소 효과에도 불구하고 굽힘가공성과 스프링한계치가 저하되어 단자 및 커넥터용 소재로 사용하기 힘들다.Zinc (Zn) is the main element of the copper alloy according to the present invention, and the content for showing the properties required in the present invention is 20 to 35%. When the content is 20% or more, Zn is dissolved in the copper matrix to exhibit a strengthening effect. On the other hand, when the Zn content exceeds 35%, the bending processability and the spring limit value are deteriorated despite the effect of the additive elements such as Ni and Al, which will be described later, making it difficult to use as a material for terminals and connectors.
(2) 니켈(Ni)(2) Nickel (Ni)
니켈(Ni)은 일반적으로 구리합금에 첨가시 강도, 내열성, 굽힘가공성, 내변색성, 내응력부식균열성, 응력 완화 특성 등 다양한 특성을 향상시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금에서, Ni은 후술하는 알루미늄(Al)과 NiAl 석출물을 형성한다. 상기 NiAl 석출물 덕분에, 최종 수득된 구리합금에서 상반되는 특성인 강도와 전기전도도를 동시에 향상시킬 수 있다. Ni가 0.5% 미만에서는 상기 서술한 효과가 극미하며 2%를 초과하면 제조비용 증가 및 굽힘가공성의 저하를 야기하므로 0.5 내지 2% 범위가 적합하다. Nickel (Ni) is generally known to improve various properties such as strength, heat resistance, bending workability, discoloration resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, and stress relaxation properties when added to a copper alloy. In the copper alloy according to the present invention, Ni forms aluminum (Al) and NiAl precipitates, which will be described later. Thanks to the NiAl precipitate, it is possible to simultaneously improve strength and electrical conductivity, which are characteristics opposite to those of the copper alloy finally obtained. If Ni is less than 0.5%, the above-described effect is minimal, and if it exceeds 2%, the manufacturing cost increases and bending workability decreases, so a range of 0.5 to 2% is suitable.
(3) 알루미늄(Al)(3) Aluminum (Al)
알루미늄(Al)은 일반적으로 구리합금에 첨가시 내부식성 및 용탕흐름성을 향상시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금에 있어서는 상술한 Ni과 NiAl 석출물을 형성하기 때문에 석출 공정을 통해 상반되는 특성인 강도와 전기전도도를 동시에 향상시킬 수 있다. 후술되는 Ni와 Al의 관계식을 만족해야 하며 Ni 첨가량에 따라 Al 함량이 결정될 수 있다. 따라서 Al의 함량은 0.2 내지 1%이다.Aluminum (Al) is generally known to have an effect of improving corrosion resistance and melt flow when added to a copper alloy, and the copper alloy according to the present invention forms the above-described Ni and NiAl precipitates. It is possible to simultaneously improve strength and electrical conductivity, which are properties to be achieved. The relationship between Ni and Al, which will be described later, must be satisfied, and the Al content may be determined according to the amount of Ni added. Therefore, the content of Al is 0.2 to 1%.
(4) 니켈과 알루미늄 함량의 관계([Ni] 및 [Al]의 관계) (4) Relationship between nickel and aluminum content (relationship between [Ni] and [Al])
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 Ni과 Al의 화학반응을 통해 생성되는 NiAl 석출물을 포함한다. 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 NiAl 석출물로 인해 종래의 황동 대비 높은 강도와 굽힘가공성을 갖는다. 니켈과 알루미늄 함량의 관계는 하기의 두 관계식을 만족하여야 한다. The copper alloy according to the present invention includes NiAl precipitates produced through a chemical reaction between Ni and Al. Copper alloy according to the present invention has a high strength and bending workability compared to conventional brass due to the NiAl precipitate. The relationship between nickel and aluminum content must satisfy the following two relations.
니켈과 알루미늄의 함량의 비율([Ni]/[Al])은 2 내지 2.5 범위이다. 해당 범위내에서, 구리 기지내에 고용되는 양을 최소화하면서 NiAl 석출물을 형성 효과가 가장 크다. The ratio of the content of nickel and aluminum ([Ni]/[Al]) ranges from 2 to 2.5. Within this range, the effect of forming NiAl precipitates is greatest while minimizing the amount dissolved in the copper matrix.
한편, Ni과 Al의 총 함유량([Ni]+[Al])이 3%를 초과할 경우, 구리합금의 강도는 향상되지만 굽힘가공성이 저하되어, 단자 및 커넥터 부품에서 요구되는 수준의 특성을 만족시키지 못한다. On the other hand, when the total content of Ni and Al ([Ni]+[Al]) exceeds 3%, the strength of the copper alloy is improved, but the bending workability is lowered, and the characteristics required for terminal and connector parts are satisfied. Can't.
즉, 본 발명의 구리합금의 특성을 만족하기 위해서는, Ni의 함유량([Ni], 질량%)과 Al의 함유량([Al], 질량%) 사이에, 0.7≤[Ni]+[Al]≤3의 관계와, 2≤[Ni]/[Al]≤2.5의 관계식이 모두 만족되어야 한다. That is, in order to satisfy the characteristics of the copper alloy of the present invention, 0.7≤[Ni]+[Al]≤ between Ni content ([Ni], mass%) and Al content ([Al], mass%) The relationship of 3 and the relationship of 2≤[Ni]/[Al]≤2.5 must all be satisfied.
(5) 불가피한 불순물(5) Inevitable impurities
본 발명의 구리합금은 Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn 및 Zr로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소를 총 함량 0.1% 이하의 범위 내에서 함유한다. 상기 불순물은 구리합금의 제조 공정에서 첨가되는 원소로 일반적인 구리합금 제조과정에서 원재료 배합시 환원설(재활용되는 구리 원재료)을 사용함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 불순물이다. 또는 해당 불순물은 원재료의 용해 및 주조과정에서 불가피하게 함유되기도 한다. 상기 불순물은 최종 수득되는 구리합금 전체로 볼 때 극미량으로 존재하므로 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 특성에 영향을 미치지 않는다. In the copper alloy of the present invention, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn and Zr has a total content of 0.1% or less. It is contained within the range. The impurity is an element added in the manufacturing process of a copper alloy, and is an impurity that may occur due to the use of reducing snow (recycling copper raw material) when mixing raw materials in the general copper alloy manufacturing process. Or, the impurity may be inevitably contained in the dissolution and casting of raw materials. The impurities do not affect the properties of the copper alloy according to the present invention, since it is present in a very small amount when viewed as a whole of the copper alloy finally obtained.
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 특성Characteristics of copper alloy according to the present invention
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 580MPa 이상의 인장강도, 300MPa 이상의 스프링한계치(Kb), 20%IACS 이상의 전기전도도, 및 TD(Transverse Direction, 압연수직방향) 180° 굽힘가공성 시험시 R/t(굽힘곡률반경/시편두께) = 0 의 조건에서 균열(crack)이 발생하지 않는 양호한 굽힘가공성을 가진다. The copper alloy according to the present invention has a tensile strength of 580 MPa or more, a spring limit value (Kb) of 300 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 20%IACS or more, and T/D (Transverse Direction) 180° bending workability test R/t (Bending bending radius) /Sample thickness) = 0, it has good bending workability without cracking.
일반적으로 구리합금은 강도가 증가하면 전기전도도가 감소하고, 전기전도도가 증가하면 강도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내므로, 두 가지 특성이 모두 개선시키는 것을 매우 어려운 일이다. 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 경우 구성성분인 Ni과 Al이 반응하여 NiAl 석출물을 형성함으로써 강도 및 전기전도도 특성을 향상시켰다. In general, copper alloys tend to decrease in electrical conductivity with increasing strength, and tend to decrease in strength with increasing electrical conductivity, so it is very difficult to improve both properties. In the case of the copper alloy according to the present invention, Ni and Al as constituent components react to form NiAl precipitates, thereby improving strength and electrical conductivity properties.
강도는 주로 인장강도로 표시하는데, 인장강도는 금형을 이용하여 소재를 단자로 가공시의 성형성 및 단자 가공 후 암 단자와 수 단자 간 결합 특성과 관련된 소재의 기계적 특성이다. 구리합금의 인장강도는 높을수록 유리하지만, 인장강도를 지나치게 높이게 되면 본 발명의 구리합금의 또 다른 요구 특성인 굽힘가공성이 지나치게 저하되어, 단자 치수에서 벗어나게 되고, 금형의 손상 및 마모 발생이 심해지므로, 본 발명에서 요구되는 다른 특성 달성에 의해 한계가 자연스럽게 설정된다. 반대로 인장강도가 지나치게 낮으면 단자간 결합시 휘어짐 등의 불량이 발생한다. 그러므로, 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 580MPa 이상의 인장강도가 요구된다.The strength is mainly indicated by the tensile strength, which is the mechanical property of the material related to the formability when the material is processed into a terminal using a mold and the bonding characteristic between the female terminal and the male terminal after terminal processing. The higher the tensile strength of the copper alloy, the more favorable, but if the tensile strength is too high, the bending workability, which is another required characteristic of the copper alloy of the present invention, is excessively deteriorated, resulting in deviation from the terminal dimensions, and damage and wear of the mold become severe. , The limits are naturally set by achieving other characteristics required by the present invention. Conversely, if the tensile strength is too low, defects such as warpage occur when the terminals are coupled. Therefore, the copper alloy according to the present invention requires a tensile strength of 580 MPa or more.
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 300MPa 이상의 스프링한계치를 나타낸다. 스프링한계치는 재료의 탄성을 나타내는 지표로써 KS D 5202, 또는 JIS H 3130와 같은 표준규격에 명시되어 있다. 규격에 적합한 시험편에 하중을 인가하고 제거했을 때 변형 전 초기 형상에서 일정수준 탄성력을 갖는 강도를 나타내는 것으로, 커넥터 및 단자류의 가공 시 가공부위가 아닌 곳에 소재의 변형이 일어나면 안되기 때문에 스프링한계치 특성이 중요하다. The copper alloy according to the present invention exhibits a spring limit of 300 MPa or more. The spring limit is an indicator of the elasticity of the material and is specified in standard standards such as KS D 5202 or JIS H 3130. It shows the strength with a certain level of elasticity in the initial shape before deformation when a load is applied to and removed from a test piece that conforms to the standard.The spring limit value characteristic is that the material should not be deformed outside the processing part when processing connectors and terminals. It is important.
전기전도도는 커넥터재로서 갖추어야 할 기본적인 특성으로, 단자는 전류의 이동 통로 역할을 한다. 전기전도도가 지나치게 낮을 경우에는 전기적 저항 증가에 따라 열이 발생하게 되며 그에 따라 결합된 단자의 변형을 유발시킬 수 있다. 따라서 자동차 커넥터용 구리합금재는 최소한 10%IACS 이상, 바람직하게 20%IACS 이상의 전기전도도를 갖추어야 한다. 그러나, 일반적으로 구리합금은 강도가 증가하면 전기전도도가 감소하고, 전기전도도가 증가하면 강도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내므로, 두 가지 특성이 모두 개선시키는 것을 매우 어려운 일이다. 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 NiAl 석출물을 형성함으로써 종래의 인청동이나 황동 대비 동등 이상의 강도를 지니면서 전도도가 우수한 특성을 구현했다. Electrical conductivity is a basic characteristic that must be provided as a connector material, and the terminal serves as a passage for electric current. When the electrical conductivity is too low, heat is generated according to an increase in electrical resistance, which may cause deformation of the coupled terminal. Therefore, the copper alloy material for automotive connectors should have an electrical conductivity of at least 10%IACS or higher, preferably 20%IACS or higher. However, in general, copper alloys tend to decrease in electrical conductivity with increasing strength and tend to decrease with increasing electrical conductivity, so it is very difficult to improve both properties. Copper alloy according to the present invention by forming a NiAl precipitate has excellent conductivity while having the same or higher strength than conventional phosphor bronze or brass.
굽힘가공성은 커넥터 제조시 가장 기본적인 특성으로 금형을 이용하여 타발 후 프로파일 형태로 가공하여 최종 형상이 가공된다. 소재의 굽힘가공성이 나쁘면 굽힘부 표면에서 균열이 발생되고 결국 그 부위는 외부 응력을 받을 때 결합강도 약화로 전기적 신뢰성을 잃게 된다. 단자의 소형화가 진행될수록 구리합금 판재의 두께는 얇아지며, 굽힘가공성은 더욱 요구된다. 따라서, 자동차용 커넥터 용도로 사용하기 위해서는 구리합금재의 굽힘가공성에서 무결함을 나타내어야 한다. 본 명세서에서 사용하는 용어 "무결함"이란, 하술되는 실시예에 개시된 바와 같이, 굽힘가공성 시험시 균열(crack)이 발생하지 않는 것을 의미한다. 특히, TD(Transverse Direction, 압연수직방향) 180° 굽힘가공성 시험시 R/t(굽힘곡률반경/시편두께) = 0 의 조건에서 균열이 발생하지 않는 특성을 가져야 한다. 이를 만족하지 못할 시 경박단소화 되는 전자부품에 적용이 불가하다. 전자부품의 경박단소화로 인해 협폭의 소재가 요구되고 있으며 이러한 소재의 협폭화에 따른 가공성의 증가와 소재 두께의 감소에 따라 복잡한 형상으로 가공되기 때문에 제품 조립이나 작동시에 부과되는 응력에 견딜 수 있는 굽힘가공성이 필요한 것이며 이때 요구되는 특성이 상술한 바와 같다. The bending workability is the most basic characteristic when manufacturing a connector, and the final shape is processed by punching using a mold and processing into a profile. If the bending workability of the material is poor, cracks are generated on the surface of the bend, and eventually, when the part is subjected to external stress, the electrical reliability is lost due to the weakening of the bonding strength. As the miniaturization of the terminal progresses, the thickness of the copper alloy sheet becomes thinner, and bending workability is further required. Therefore, in order to be used as a connector for automobiles, it is necessary to show defects in the bending processability of the copper alloy material. As used herein, the term "defectless" means that cracking does not occur in the bending processability test, as disclosed in the examples described below. In particular, in a TD (Transverse Direction) 180° bending processability test, R/t (bending radius of curvature/specimen thickness) = 0 should have a characteristic that crack does not occur. If this is not satisfied, it cannot be applied to electronic components that are lighter and shorter. Due to the compact and compact size of electronic parts, materials with narrow widths are required, and since they are processed into complex shapes according to the increase in workability and the reduction in material thickness due to the narrowing of these materials, they can withstand the stress imposed during product assembly or operation. The bending workability is required and the required properties are as described above.
상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금은 자동차 커넥터용으로 적합하게 강도와 굽힘가공성을 동시에 만족시킨다. 기존의 황동은 강도를 향상시키기 위해 판재를 압연에 의한 가공 경화로 구현하였는데, 이는 굽힘가공성의 저하를 가져왔다. 즉, 기존의 황동은 강도와 굽힘가공성을 동시에 만족하지 못하여 자동차 커넥터 용도로 적용하기 어려웠다. 또한 인청동은 열간압연 등 열간가공성이 매우 나빠 가로형 연속주조 등 특수 주조법으로 제조하여야 한다. 그러나, 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금재는 굽힘가공성의 확보를 기본으로 구축한 뒤에 강도를 확보하였기 때문에 자동차 커넥터 용도로 사용가능하며, 압연공정에 의한 판재로 제조가 가능하다.As described above, the copper alloy according to the present invention satisfies both strength and bending workability at the same time suitable for automotive connectors. In order to improve the strength of the existing brass, the plate material was implemented by work hardening by rolling, which resulted in a decrease in bending workability. That is, the existing brass did not satisfy the strength and bending workability at the same time, making it difficult to apply for automotive connector applications. In addition, phosphor bronze should be manufactured by special casting method such as horizontal continuous casting due to very poor hot workability such as hot rolling. However, the copper alloy material according to the present invention can be used as an automobile connector because it secures strength after it is built on the basis of securing bending workability, and can be manufactured as a plate material by a rolling process.
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 제조 방법Method for manufacturing copper alloy according to the present invention
본 발명에 따른 구리합금은 하술되는 제조 방법에 따라 제조될 수 있다. 전술된 조성에 따른 성분 원소들을 용해하여 주괴를 주조한다. 수득된 주괴를 800~850℃에서 1~4시간의 균질화 열처리한 직후, 가공율 85~95%의 열간압연한다. 열간압연을 종료함과 동시에 수냉하여 용질 원소들을 고용시키고, 가공율 87~98%의 냉간압연을 실시한다. 상기 냉간압연으로 높은 변형에너지를 축적하여 석출물 생성의 구동력을 증대시킨 후, 500~600℃에서 1~10시간 석출 열처리한다. 이어서 10~90% 압하율로 완제 압연하여 제품의 최종 두께를 결정한다.The copper alloy according to the present invention can be prepared according to the manufacturing method described below. The ingot is cast by dissolving the component elements according to the above-described composition. Immediately after homogenizing heat treatment of the obtained ingot at 800 to 850° C. for 1 to 4 hours, hot rolling with a working rate of 85 to 95% is performed. Upon completion of the hot rolling, water cooling is performed to solute the solute elements, and cold rolling with a processing rate of 87 to 98% is performed. After accumulating high strain energy through the cold rolling to increase the driving force for generating precipitates, precipitation heat treatment is performed at 500 to 600°C for 1 to 10 hours. Subsequently, the final thickness of the product is determined by finished rolling at a reduction rate of 10 to 90%.
구체적으로, 상기 기재된 본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 제조 방법의 각 단계를 설명한다. Specifically, each step of the method for producing a copper alloy according to the present invention described above will be described.
먼저 상술한 성분 원소들을 용해하여 주괴를 제조한다. First, the above-described component elements are dissolved to prepare an ingot.
상기 수득된 주괴를 800~850℃에서 1~4시간의 균질화 열처리한 직후, 가공율 85~95%의 열간압연한다. 균질화 열처리는 열간압연을 위해 수반되는 필수 공정으로 주괴가 냉간가공이 아닌 충분히 가열된 상태에서 열간압연되어 주조조직을 제거하고 새로운 재결정 조직을 만들기 위한 과정이다. 열간압연 조건은 합금 특성 중 금속 조직에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자로서, 열간압연 조건에 의해 열간압연 후 조직이 상이하며, 그에 따라 완제품의 특성을 달리하게 된다. 열간압연 조건에는 크게 열간압연 온도, 열간압연 Pass수, 냉각조건 등이 있으며, 각 조건에 따라 열간압연 후 얻어지는 조직이 다르다. Immediately after homogenizing heat treatment of the obtained ingot at 800 to 850°C for 1 to 4 hours, hot rolling with a working rate of 85 to 95% is performed. Homogenization heat treatment is an essential process involved in hot rolling and is a process for removing the casting structure and forming a new recrystallized structure by hot rolling in a state where the ingot is not hot-worked but sufficiently heated. The hot rolling condition is an important factor affecting the metal structure among alloy properties, and the structure after hot rolling is different due to the hot rolling condition, and thus the characteristics of the finished product are different. Hot rolling conditions include hot rolling temperature, hot rolling pass water, and cooling conditions, and the structure obtained after hot rolling is different depending on each condition.
본 발명에 따르는 구리합금의 특성을 달성하기 위해서는 열간압연 온도는 800 내지 850℃ 범위이어야 한다. 상기 열간압연 온도 범위일 때, 방향성이 없는 등방성 재결정 조직을 얻을 수 있다.In order to achieve the properties of the copper alloy according to the present invention, the hot rolling temperature should be in the range of 800 to 850°C. When in the hot rolling temperature range, there is no directivity An isotropic recrystallized structure can be obtained.
열간압연을 종료함과 동시에 수냉하여 용질 원소들을 고용시킨다. 열간압연 후 서냉을 하게 될 경우 수냉의 급냉 조건에 대비하여 냉각 중 석출물이 먼저 생성된 상태로 압연공정과 석출공정을 거치게 되므로 석출공정에서 물성향상의 효과를 기대할 수 없다. 수냉은 급냉 조건으로 용체화 현상과 유사한 효과를 지녀 이후의 석출공정에서 양호한 석출물을 생성할 수 있다.At the same time as the hot rolling is completed, water cooling is performed to solute the solute elements. In the case of performing slow cooling after hot rolling, the precipitation and the precipitation process are performed in the state in which precipitates are first generated during cooling in preparation for the rapid cooling condition of water cooling, and thus the effect of improving the properties in the precipitation process cannot be expected. Water cooling has a similar effect to solvation under rapid cooling conditions, and can produce good precipitates in subsequent precipitation processes.
다음으로 가공율 87~98%의 냉간압연을 실시한다. 상기 냉간압연으로 높은 변형에너지를 축적하여 이후 석출 공정에서 석출물 생성의 구동력을 증대시킬 수 있다. Next, cold rolling with a processing rate of 87 to 98% is performed. The high rolling energy may be accumulated by the cold rolling to increase the driving force for generating precipitates in a subsequent precipitation process.
그 후, 500~600℃에서 1~10시간 석출 열처리한다. 본 발명에 따르는 구리 합금은 석출 공정을 통해 NiAl 석출물을 형성시켜 강도의 향상과 동시에 전기전도도의 저하는 막는 것이 특징이며, 또한 석출공정을 통해 냉간압연 공정에서 축적된 소재 내부의 응력을 제거할 수 있다.Then, precipitation heat treatment is performed at 500 to 600°C for 1 to 10 hours. The copper alloy according to the present invention is characterized in that NiAl precipitates are formed through a precipitation process to improve strength and at the same time prevent a decrease in electrical conductivity, and also, through the precipitation process, the stress inside the material accumulated in the cold rolling process can be removed. have.
이어서, 10~90% 압하율로 완제 압연하여 제품의 최종 두께를 결정한다. 완제 두께 결정시 요구 물성에 따라 적절한 압하율을 선택할 수 있다.Subsequently, the final thickness of the product is determined by finished rolling at a reduction rate of 10 to 90%. When determining the finished thickness, an appropriate rolling reduction ratio can be selected according to the required physical properties.
추가적으로 상기 제조공정에서 석출 열처리 이후 및 최종 완제 압연 전에 필요에 따라 가공율 30~90%의 냉간압연 후 중간 열처리를 실시할 수 있다. 상기 가공율 30~90%의 냉간압연 및 중간 열처리 단계는 양산라인 석출 열처리 설비의 공정이나 제조 조건에 의해 발생 가능한 소착(열과 압력에 의한 부분적 접합)이나 석출 열처리 이후의 표면 산세(pickling) 공정으로 인한 스크래치 등의 표면 품질 문제를 해결하기 위한 것으로 필수 공정은 아니다. 중간 열처리는 석출 열처리 후의 제품 두께와 완제압연 후의 두께에 큰 차이가 발생하여 목표 물성(강도, 전기전도도) 범위를 벗어나거나 목표 특성의 확보가 어려운 경우에 적용 가능하다. 이때, 중간 열처리는 강도감소를 목적으로 하되, 전기전도도의 감소는 최소화되어야 하므로, 전기전도도가 0.1~3%IACS 범위 내에서 감소되도록 열처리하는 것이 중요하다. 0.1%IACS 미만으로 전기전도도가 감소될 경우에는 열처리의 효과가 없으며, 3%IACS를 초과하여 전기전도도가 감소될 경우에는 열처리의 효과는 크나, 전기전도도 및 강도의 감소로 구리합금의 목표 특성을 벗어날 가능성이 있다. 상술한 과정 후에도 최종 수득된 구리합금의 전기전도도는 20%ICAS 이상이어야 한다. Additionally, in the manufacturing process, after the precipitation heat treatment and before the final finished rolling, an intermediate heat treatment may be performed after cold rolling with a processing rate of 30 to 90%, if necessary. The cold rolling and intermediate heat treatment step of the processing rate of 30 to 90% is a sedimentation (partial bonding by heat and pressure) that may occur due to the process of the mass production line precipitation heat treatment facility or manufacturing conditions, or the surface pickling process after precipitation heat treatment. It is intended to solve surface quality problems such as scratches and is not an essential process. The intermediate heat treatment can be applied when the product thickness after the precipitation heat treatment and the thickness after the finished rolling are out of the target physical properties (strength, electrical conductivity), or it is difficult to secure the target characteristics. At this time, the intermediate heat treatment is intended to reduce the strength, but since the decrease in electrical conductivity should be minimized, it is important to heat-treat so that the electrical conductivity is reduced within the range of 0.1 to 3%IACS. When the electrical conductivity is reduced to less than 0.1% IACS, the heat treatment has no effect, and when the electrical conductivity is reduced to more than 3% IACS, the heat treatment has a large effect, but the reduction in electrical conductivity and strength reduces the target characteristics of the copper alloy. There is a possibility to escape. Even after the above-described process, the electrical conductivity of the finally obtained copper alloy should be 20% ICAS or more.
실시예Example
실시예Example 1 내지 14 1 to 14
실시예 1 내지 14의 시편을 표 1에 개시된 조성으로 제조하였다. 시편의 제조 방법은 하술된 바와 같다. Specimens of Examples 1 to 14 were prepared with the composition disclosed in Table 1. The method of manufacturing the specimen is as described below.
표 1에 개시된 조성으로 1kg 기준으로 구리를 포함한 합금 원소들을 배합하여, 고주파 용해로에서 용해하고, 두께 20㎜, 폭 50㎜, 길이 160~180㎜의 주괴를 제조하였다. 제조된 주괴는, 급속 냉각 및 수축공 등의 불량부를 제거하기 위해, 아래쪽(bottom) 하부와 위쪽(top) 상부를 각각 20㎜씩 절단한 뒤, 중간 부분의 주괴를 이용하여 850℃의 박스로(Box Furnace)에서 2시간 동안 균질화 열처리를 실시한 후 가공율 90%의 열간압연을 진행하였다. 열간압연이 종료됨과 동시에 용질 원소의 석출을 저지하기 위하여 수냉하였다. With the composition disclosed in Table 1, alloy elements including copper were blended based on 1 kg, dissolved in a high-frequency melting furnace, and ingots having a thickness of 20 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 160 to 180 mm were prepared. In order to remove defective parts such as rapid cooling and shrinkage holes, the manufactured ingot is cut into 20 boxes each by cutting the bottom and the top of the bottom by 20 mm, and then into a box of 850°C using an ingot in the middle part. After performing homogenization heat treatment for 2 hours at (Box Furnace), hot rolling was performed with a processing rate of 90%. At the same time as the hot rolling was completed, water cooling was carried out to prevent precipitation of solute elements.
열간압연이 종료됨과 동시에 생성물을 수냉하여 용질 원소를 고용시켰다. 석출공정에 앞서 가공율 90%의 냉간압연으로 높은 변형에너지를 축적하여 석출물 생성의 구동력을 증대시킨 후, 550℃에서 3시간 석출 열처리를 실시하고, 가공율 50%의 냉간압연으로 마무리하였다. At the same time as the hot rolling was completed, the product was water-cooled to dissolve the solute element. Prior to the precipitation process, after cold rolling with a processing rate of 90%, high strain energy was accumulated to increase the driving force for the formation of precipitates, followed by precipitation heat treatment at 550°C for 3 hours, followed by cold rolling with a processing rate of 50%.
마지막으로 완제 압연된 구리합금을 0.3t x 30w x 200L 크기의 시편으로 제조하여 후속되는 시험에 사용하였다. 실시예 1 내지 14에 따라 제조된 구리합금 시편을 대상으로 하기 시험예에 개시된 특성 분석을 실시한 결과는 표 2에 나타내었다.Finally, the finished rolled copper alloy was prepared as a specimen having a size of 0.3t x 30w x 200L and used in subsequent tests. The results of the characteristic analysis disclosed in the following test examples for the copper alloy specimens prepared according to Examples 1 to 14 are shown in Table 2.
비교예Comparative example 1 내지 12 1 to 12
비교예 1 내지 12의 시편은 표 1에 개시된 조성으로 실시예 1 내지 14와 동일 조건의 제조공정으로 제조되었다. Specimens of Comparative Examples 1 to 12 were prepared by the manufacturing process under the same conditions as Examples 1 to 14 with the composition disclosed in Table 1.
No.No. [Cu](질량%)[Cu] (mass%) [Zn](질량%)[Zn] (mass %) [Ni](질량%)[Ni] (mass%) [Al](질량%)[Al] (mass%) [Ni]+[Al](질량%)[Ni] + [Al] (mass%) [Ni]/[Al][Ni]/[Al]
실시예Example 1One 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 1.001.00 0.500.50 1.501.50 22
22 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 2.002.00 1.001.00 3.003.00 22
33 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 0.500.50 0.250.25 0.750.75 22
44 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 0.500.50 0.200.20 0.700.70 2.52.5
55 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 0.500.50 0.200.20 0.700.70 2.52.5
66 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 1.001.00 0.500.50 1.501.50 22
77 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 2.002.00 0.800.80 2.802.80 2.52.5
88 잔부Balance 30.0030.00 0.500.50 0.200.20 0.700.70 2.52.5
99 잔부Balance 30.0030.00 1.001.00 0.500.50 1.501.50 22
1010 잔부Balance 30.0030.00 2.002.00 0.800.80 2.802.80 2.52.5
1111 잔부Balance 35.0035.00 2.002.00 0.800.80 2.802.80 2.52.5
1212 잔부Balance 35.0035.00 2.002.00 1.001.00 3.003.00 22
1313 잔부Balance 35.0035.00 0.500.50 0.250.25 0.750.75 22
1414 잔부Balance 35.0035.00 0.500.50 0.200.20 0.700.70 2.52.5
비교예Comparative example 1One 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 1.001.00 -- 1.001.00 --
22 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 -- 1.001.00 1.001.00 --
33 잔부Balance 19.0019.00 0.500.50 0.250.25 0.750.75 22
44 잔부Balance 18.0018.00 1.001.00 0.500.50 1.501.50 22
55 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 2.502.50 1.001.00 3.503.50 2.52.5
66 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 2.102.10 1.001.00 3.103.10 2.12.1
77 잔부Balance 20.0020.00 2.002.00 1.201.20 3.203.20 1.71.7
88 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 3.003.00 1.501.50 4.504.50 22
99 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 3.003.00 1.001.00 4.004.00 33
1010 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 1.801.80 1.001.00 2.802.80 1.81.8
1111 잔부Balance 25.0025.00 1.601.60 0.500.50 2.102.10 3.23.2
1212 잔부Balance 36.0036.00 -- -- 0.000.00 --
1313 잔부Balance 36.0036.00 0.500.50 0.200.20 0.700.70 2.52.5
1414 잔부Balance 40.0040.00 -- -- 0.000.00 --
실시예 1 내지 14 및 비교예 1 내지 14에 따라 제조된 구리합금 시편의 특성 분석 방법은 하기 시험예에 기재되고, 그 결과는 표 2에 나타내었다. Methods for analyzing the properties of the copper alloy specimens prepared according to Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14 are described in the following Test Examples, and the results are shown in Table 2.
시험예Test example
이하, 상기 실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 구리합금 시편의 특성 분석 방법에 대하여 기술한다. Hereinafter, a method of analyzing characteristics of a copper alloy specimen prepared according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples will be described.
인장강도는 KS B0802 규격에 따라 ZWICK ROELL社의 Z100 만능시험기를 사용하여 측정하였고, 전기전도도는 KS D0240 규격에 준하여 측정하였고, 스프링한계치는 KS D 5202에 준하여 측정하였다.Tensile strength was measured using ZWICK ROELL's Z100 universal tester according to KS B0802 standard, electrical conductivity was measured according to KS D0240 standard, and spring limit was measured according to KS D 5202.
굽힘가공성은 각각 KSB 0804(금속재료 굴곡시험방법)에 준하여 측정하였으며The bending workability was measured in accordance with KSB 0804 (Metallic material bending test method).
굽힘시험을 실시한 시편의 굽힘부 표면을 광학 현미경으로 관찰하여 평가하였다. 굽힘부 바깥쪽의 형상이나 결함을 관찰하여 아래와 같이 A, B, C, D로 평가하며, D등급의 경우 단자 및 커넥터 소재로는 사용이 불가능하다.The surface of the bent portion of the specimen subjected to the bending test was observed and evaluated with an optical microscope. By observing the shape or defect outside the bend, it is evaluated as A, B, C, and D as shown below.
굽힘가공성의Bendability 평가 등급 Rating grade
A: 양호함(Good)A: Good
B: 작은 주름(Small Wrinkle)B: Small Wrinkle
C: 큰 주름(Large Wrinkle)C: Large Wrinkle
D: 균열(Crack)D: Crack
구분division NoNo 인장강도The tensile strength 전기전도도Electrical conductivity 굽힘가공성Bending processability 스프링한계치Spring limit
(MPa)(MPa) (%IACS)(%IACS) (R/t=0)(R/t=0) (Kb, MPa)(Kb, MPa)
실시예Example 1One 599599 2424 AA 341341
22 611611 2323 BB 369369
33 588588 2525 AA 321321
44 581581 2525 AA 312312
55 613613 2323 AA 382382
66 639639 2323 AA 401401
77 672672 2323 BB 422422
88 632632 2222 AA 403403
99 657657 2222 BB 421421
1010 674674 2121 BB 446446
1111 691691 2020 CC 461461
1212 703703 2020 CC 483483
1313 682682 2020 CC 453453
1414 678678 2020 BB 449449
비교예Comparative example 1One 557557 2525 AA 289289
22 491491 2424 CC 221221
33 559559 2525 AA 287287
44 566566 2525 BB 296296
55 638638 2323 DD 312312
66 621621 2323 DD 402402
77 619619 2323 DD 404404
88 631631 1919 DD 421421
99 622622 2020 DD 419419
1010 618618 2121 DD 391391
1111 608608 2121 DD 393393
1212 591591 2626 DD 274274
1313 600600 2222 DD 291291
1414 612612 2424 DD 280280
상기 표 1 및 표 2에서 실시예 1과 비교예 1의 조성과 특성을 비교해보면, 구리합금 조성에 Al의 첨가 없이 Ni의 첨가만으로 본 발명의 따르는 구리합금의 특성 중 인장강도와 스프링한계치를 만족시키지 못하는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉, 비교예 1에 개시된 조성에 따른 구리합금의 경우 강도와 스프링한계치가 낮아서 단자 및 커넥터용 소재로 적용이 어렵다.또한 비교예 2를 통해서 단순 Al의 첨가 역시 특성을 만족하지 못하는걸 알 수 있다. 비교예 2의 경우도, 인장강도와 스프링한계치가 낮아서 단자 및 커넥터용 소재로 적용이 어렵다.Comparing the composition and properties of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 and Table 2, the tensile strength and spring limit among the properties of the copper alloy according to the present invention are satisfied only by adding Ni without adding Al to the copper alloy composition. You can see that you can't. That is, in the case of the copper alloy according to the composition disclosed in Comparative Example 1, it is difficult to apply it as a material for terminals and connectors due to low strength and spring limit values. Also, through Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that addition of simple Al also does not satisfy the properties. . In the case of Comparative Example 2, the tensile strength and the spring limit are low, making it difficult to apply as a material for terminals and connectors.
실시예 1 내지 4와 비교예 3 내지 4를 비교해 보면, Zn의 첨가량은 적어도 20% 이상되어야, 본 발명의 구리합금에 만족하는 강도를 나타낸다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다.Comparing Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4, it can be confirmed that the addition amount of Zn should be at least 20% or more, indicating a strength satisfying the copper alloy of the present invention.
비교예 5 내지 9를 보면 [Ni]+[Al] 첨가량이 3%를 초과할 경우 강도는 우수하지만 굽힘가공성이 매우 악화되어 단자 및 커넥터 가공이 어렵다. Looking at Comparative Examples 5 to 9, when the amount of [Ni] + [Al] added exceeds 3%, the strength is excellent, but the bending workability is very deteriorated, and terminal and connector processing is difficult.
또한 비교예 10 내지 11을 통해 [Ni]+[Al] 첨가량이 3% 이내인 경우라도, [Ni]/[Al] 비율이 2 내지 2.5 범위를 벗어나면 굽힘가공성이 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. In addition, even if the amount of [Ni] + [Al] was within 3% through Comparative Examples 10 to 11, it was confirmed that the bending workability deteriorated when the [Ni]/[Al] ratio was outside the range of 2 to 2.5.
실시예 11 내지 14와 비교예 12 내지 14를 비교해 보면, Zn의 최대 함량이 35% 초과일 때, 굽힘가공성 및 스프링한계치가 저조하여 본 발명의 구리합금의 특성을 나타낼 수 없었다. When comparing Examples 11 to 14 and Comparative Examples 12 to 14, when the maximum content of Zn was more than 35%, the bending workability and the spring limit were poor, so that the properties of the copper alloy of the present invention could not be exhibited.

Claims (4)

  1. 질량%로, 아연(Zn): 20 내지 35%, 니켈(Ni): 0.5 내지 2%, 알루미늄(Al): 0.2 내지 1%, 잔부량의 구리(Cu) 및 0.1% 이하의 불가피한 불순물로 이루어지고, 상기 불가피한 불순물은 Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn 및 Zr로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종이고, NiAl 석출물을 포함하고, Ni의 함유량 [Ni]과, Al의 함유량 [Al]은, 0.7 ≤ [Ni]+[Al] ≤ 3과, 2 ≤ [Ni]/[Al] ≤ 2.5를 동시에 만족하는 것인 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금. In mass%, zinc (Zn): 20 to 35%, nickel (Ni): 0.5 to 2%, aluminum (Al): 0.2 to 1%, balance of copper (Cu) and 0.1% or less of unavoidable impurities The inevitable impurities are at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Mg, Cr, Fe, P, Ca, Ti, Be, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn and Zr, and includes NiAl precipitates, For Ni and [Al], the content of Ni and Al of [Al] ≤ 3 and 2 ≤ [Ni]/[Al] ≤ 2.5 are satisfied simultaneously for terminals and connectors. Copper alloy.
  2. 제 1 항 있어서,According to claim 1,
    580MPa 이상의 인장강도, 300MPa 이상의 스프링한계치(Kb), 20%IACS 이상의 전기전도도, 및 TD(Transverse Direction, 압연수직방향) 180° 굽힘가공성 시험시 R/t(굽힘곡률반경/시편두께) = 0 의 조건에서 균열이 발생하지 않는 양호한 굽힘가공성 특성을 가지는 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금. Tensile strength over 580 MPa, spring limit over 300 MPa (Kb), electrical conductivity over 20%IACS, and TD (Transverse Direction) 180° bending workability test R/t (bending radius of curvature/specimen thickness) = 0 Copper alloy for terminals and connectors with good bending processability that does not crack under conditions.
  3. 제 1 항에 있어서,According to claim 1,
    상기 구리합금은 시트 또는 판재 형태인 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금. The copper alloy is a copper alloy for terminals and connectors in the form of a sheet or plate.
  4. 제 1 항에 개시된 성분 원소들을 용해하여 주괴를 주조하는 단계, Casting the ingot by dissolving the component elements disclosed in claim 1,
    수득된 주괴를 800℃ 이상 내지 850℃ 이하에서 1~4시간 동안 균질화 열처리하고 가공율 85~95%로 열간압연하는 단계, Homogenizing heat treatment of the obtained ingot at 800°C or more to 850°C or less for 1 to 4 hours and hot rolling at a processing rate of 85 to 95%,
    압하율 87~98% 범위로 냉간압연하는 단계, Cold rolling in the range of rolling reduction 87~98%,
    500~600℃의 온도에서 1~10시간 동안 석출 열처리하는 단계, Precipitation heat treatment for 1 to 10 hours at a temperature of 500 to 600 ℃,
    10~90% 압하율로 완제압연하는 단계Finished rolling at 10~90% rolling reduction
    를 포함하는 단자 및 커넥터용 구리합금의 제조 방법.Method for producing a copper alloy for a terminal and a connector comprising a.
PCT/KR2019/016559 2018-12-19 2019-11-28 Copper alloy, for terminal and connector, exhibiting excellent bending processability and preparation method thereof WO2020130403A1 (en)

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