WO2020083181A1 - Alternating-current arc extinguishing circuit and device, and switching system - Google Patents

Alternating-current arc extinguishing circuit and device, and switching system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020083181A1
WO2020083181A1 PCT/CN2019/112182 CN2019112182W WO2020083181A1 WO 2020083181 A1 WO2020083181 A1 WO 2020083181A1 CN 2019112182 W CN2019112182 W CN 2019112182W WO 2020083181 A1 WO2020083181 A1 WO 2020083181A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
arc extinguishing
capacitor
control unit
mechanical
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PCT/CN2019/112182
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭桥石
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郭桥石
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Publication date
Application filed by 郭桥石 filed Critical 郭桥石
Priority to CN201980058711.5A priority Critical patent/CN112753084B/en
Publication of WO2020083181A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083181A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an AC arc extinguishing circuit and device, especially an AC arc extinguishing circuit and device suitable for extinguishing mechanical contacts such as multi-channel AC contactors, relays, etc., and can also be used for other breakpoints (such as fuse links) Fuse, breakpoint between plug and socket, wire breakpoint), and a switching system using the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • One is the resistance-capacitance absorption circuit used in small current products; the other is an electronic arc extinguishing device with a parallel capacitor extinguisher used in high-priced products such as dual power switching and medium and high voltage circuit breakers.
  • the former can only be used in small current applications Used, the latter has low capacitor utilization rate, high cost, small application range, poor versatility, and is difficult to popularize.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of short electrical life of multi-path mechanical switches in existing AC electric control systems, and to provide an AC arc extinguishing circuit for multi-path mechanical switches with arc extinction, wide application range, and high utilization rate of capacitance and Device, and to provide a switch system using a mechanical switch with low cost, small size, and extremely low operating cost, and using the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • a mechanical switch required for arc extinguishing is connected to a load, which includes a capacitor and a first switch.
  • the power supply connected to the mechanical switch supplies the load through the capacitor and the first switch.
  • the mechanical switch is extinguished.
  • the number of mechanical switches, loads, and first switches is at least two.
  • the first switch is a semiconductor switch.
  • An AC arc extinguishing circuit further includes a second switch and a third switch.
  • the first switch includes a first device and a second device.
  • the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are Control semiconductor switch;
  • the power supply supplies power to the load through the second switch, the capacitor, and the first device;
  • the power supply supplies power to the load through the third switch, the capacitor, and the second device.
  • An AC arc extinguishing device including the AC arc extinguishing circuit described above, and further including a control unit, the control signals of the first device, the second device, the second switch, and the third switch are The control unit provides that the control unit is connected to the capacitor.
  • the mechanical switch K required to extinguish the arc is connected to the load RL.
  • An AC arc extinguishing circuit includes a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, and the mechanical switch K is connected during the mechanical switch K is disconnected.
  • the power supply of the power supply in turn supplies power to the load RL through the capacitor C1 and the first switch S1.
  • the voltage across the load RL increases rapidly, and the potential difference across the mechanical switch K decreases rapidly, achieving the purpose of the mechanical switch K breaking and extinguishing the arc.
  • the invention has reasonable design, and the invention has the advantages of high utilization rate of capacitance.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the AC arc extinguishing circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of an embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing circuit, device, and switching system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the charging circuit of the AC arc extinguishing circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of the photoelectric coupling unit of the AC arc extinguishing circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing device and the switching system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a semi-controlled device of the present invention connected in series with an uncontrollable device.
  • FIG. 2 The first embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing circuit, AC arc extinguishing device and switch system of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2:
  • a mechanical switch K required for arc extinguishing is connected to a load RL, which includes a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, and during the breaking of the mechanical switch K, the power supply connected to the mechanical switch K passes through the capacitor C1, the first switch S1 supplies power to the load RL for the arc extinguishment of the mechanical switch K, and further includes a second switch S2 and a third switch S3.
  • the first switch S1 includes a first device SCR1, a second device SCR2, a first switch S1, and a second switch S2 3.
  • the third switch S3 is a controllable semiconductor switch.
  • the first device SCR1 and the second device SCR2 are connected in series in the same direction to form a first series circuit.
  • the common terminal of the first device SCR1 and the second device SCR2 is connected to the load RL.
  • the capacitor C1 is connected for reverse pre-charging (As shown in Figure 3, this circuit can also be used as a discharge circuit, which can be built in the control unit A and completed by the control unit A; you can also choose other charging circuits, such as switching power supply, capacitor C1 front end using a capacitor in advance Fully charged, charge capacitor C1, improve the response speed of secondary arc extinguishment, especially suitable for arc extinguishing failure to quickly supplement the arc extinguishing energy of capacitor C1, which can be built in control unit A).
  • Charging circuit reverse pre-charge the capacitor C1, can also be used to pre-energize the load RL, including the fifth device S5, transformer T1 (power frequency transformer can be used), first diode D1, first element R1 (resistor , Or inductance, optional), second diode D2 (optional), third diode D3 (optional, when the internal resistance of the transformer output winding is large, the third diode D3 can be omitted), transformer The output terminal of T1 is connected to the capacitor C1 through the second diode D2, the third diode D3, the fifth device S5, and the first element R1, and the capacitor C1 passes through the first diode D1, the fifth device S5, the first element R1 discharge.
  • transformer T1 power frequency transformer can be used
  • first diode D1 first element R1 (resistor , Or inductance, optional)
  • second diode D2 optional
  • third diode D3 optional, when the internal resistance of the transformer output winding is large, the third diode D3 can
  • the fifth device S5 When the fifth device S5 is turned on before the mechanical switch K is closed, it is used for the mechanical switch K to close and extinguish the arc; or the fifth device S5 is turned on before the mechanical switch K1 is closed, used for the load RL (capacitive load, such as reactive power compensation Capacitor) pre-charged.
  • the load RL capacitor load, such as reactive power compensation Capacitor
  • the fifth device S5 is used for discharging the capacitor C1; the fifth device S5 is preferably a unidirectional thyristor.
  • An AC arc extinguishing device including the AC arc extinguishing circuit described above, which further includes a control unit A, the control signals of the first device SCR1, the second device SCR2, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 are controlled by the control unit A provide.
  • the voltage signal of the capacitor C1 is transferred to the control unit A (it can be used to detect the capacity of the capacitor C1, or a current sensor can be used to detect the current signal of the capacitor C1, and the current signal is transferred to the control unit A).
  • the control unit A asynchronously provides a pulse signal to the first A device SCR1, a second device SCR2, a second switch S2, and a third switch S3 are used to detect the first device SCR1, the second device SCR2, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3, and can be used to detect whether the arc extinguishment is completed, Or check for breakdown.
  • the photo-coupling unit is used to detect the voltage across the capacitor C1.
  • the photo-coupling unit includes a second current-limiting element R2 and a photo-coupler (OPT1 , OPT2), the series circuit composed of the second current limiting element R2 and the optocoupler (OPT1, OPT2) is connected to the capacitor, the output signal of the optocoupler (OPT1, OPT2) is passed to the control unit A;
  • the optocoupler unit is a bidirectional input , Dual output voltage detection unit, the first optocoupler OPT1 and the second optocoupler OPT2 are connected in reverse parallel, or the first optocoupler OPT1 and the second optocoupler OPT2 are connected in series in reverse, the first optocoupler OPT1 A diode is connected in parallel with the second photocoupler OPT2.
  • J1 can be connected to an external power port (optional); J2 is a communication port for transmitting and receiving related information.
  • the potential difference between the two ends of the switch K drops rapidly (or the negative voltage across the mechanical switch K appears) to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the arc of the mechanical switch K; during the negative conduction of the mechanical switch K during the breaking process, the power passes through the third switch S3 and the capacitor C1, the second device SCR2 supplies power to the load, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K drops rapidly to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the mechanical switch K; after the arc extinction is completed, the control unit A discharges the capacitor C1 and then reverses the capacitor C1 Charging and preparing for the next working process.
  • Control unit A used to charge and discharge capacitor C1. In order to improve the response speed, control unit A uses semiconductor switches to charge and discharge capacitor C1. A programmable device (such as a microcontroller) is built in. Control unit A has a built-in control program. Intelligent unit, without increasing hardware resources or adding very few hardware resources, realizes the adjustment of the control method of multi-channel load RL according to their different conditions (capacitive, inductive, resistive, current) to improve the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the control unit A Since the electrical characteristics of the multiple mechanical switches K and the multiple loads RL connected to the control unit A may not be consistent, in order to achieve the best arc extinguishing effect, the control unit A stores the parameters related to the current of the load RL, or inputs the current related to the load RL Related parameters or signals, or the operating time parameters of the mechanical switch K, the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 is proportional to the current through the mechanical switch K that needs to be extinguished (using the control unit A to adjust the charging voltage of the capacitor C1), mechanical During the operation of the switch K, the delay time of the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 is proportional to the current of the load RL.
  • the delay time parameter can be controlled by the programmable device built in the control unit A Complete; help to overcome the impact of overvoltage on the system during the arc extinguishing process and achieve the best arc extinguishing effect.
  • the control signal of the mechanical switch K (not limited to provided by the control end of the mechanical switch K, but also provided by the J2 port) is transmitted to the control unit A, or the control signal of the mechanical switch K is provided by the control unit A, or the mechanical switch K is used
  • the auxiliary switch signal is transmitted to the control unit A, which can also be used in combination with any of the preceding, which is conducive to controlling the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 to be turned on in advance before closing the mechanical switch K, and is conducive to Improve the accuracy and real-time performance of arc extinguishment, which is more conducive to optimizing the control of the action logic and arc extinguishing control logic of each mechanical switch.
  • the control unit A is used to record the operation times of the mechanical switch, and the control unit A detects (by detecting the corresponding voltage signal, or the auxiliary switch of the mechanical switch K, or the load current) that the contact of the mechanical switch K is opened.
  • the control unit A may include a display unit, or a display unit (which may be connected by a communication port) is used to display the operating state of the mechanical switch K, the number of operations of the mechanical switch K, the arc extinguishing operating state, and the remaining life of the mechanical switch K (mechanical life, Information such as electrical life); the control unit A may include an input unit (keys, etc.), or an input unit (which may be connected using a communication port) is connected.
  • the voltage signal at the common terminal of the mechanical switch K and the load RL is transferred to the control unit A (the voltage across the load RL, or the voltage across the mechanical switch K, or the voltage of the common terminal relative to the capacitor C1), and the input power of the mechanical switch K Is connected to the control unit A.
  • control unit A under the condition that the control unit A detects that the arc extinguishment has failed (the control unit A knows from the voltage or current of the capacitor C1; the control unit A charges the capacitor C1 again, and then performs the second arc extinguishment, it can be The reliability of arc extinction and the response speed of secondary arc extinction are greatly improved; the control unit A uses a transformer to drive the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3.
  • the number of mechanical switch K, load RL, first switch S1 is two or more, and the resources such as capacitor C1, second switch S2 (optional), third switch S3 (optional), control unit A, etc. can be reached.
  • the purpose of amplitude saving cost and volume reduction, at the same time, the arc extinguishing voltage is higher than the working voltage of the load RL, which effectively overcomes the line loss caused by the layout of the multi-mechanical switch K and the capacitance C1 is too long relative to the load RL arc extinction circuit.
  • a mechanical current switch of ampere current is extinguished)
  • One or more diodes are connected in series (uncontrolled device, the conventional withstand voltage of the diode can reach 1000 to 2000 volts, the rated current of 10 ampere diode is used, and the mechanical switch of thousands of ampere current can be extinguished.
  • the working reliability of the diodes used in design and selection is better than that of semi-controlled devices) (as shown in Figure 6), which can greatly improve the insulation withstand voltage between the output terminals of each mechanical switch (easy to reach 6000 volts) , Or more than ten thousand volts), has the advantages of low cost, high withstand voltage capability, strong overcurrent capability, and high reliability.
  • the above first device SCR1, second device SCR2, second switch S2, and third switch S3 are controllable semiconductor switches, preferably semi-controlled devices, and the semi-controlled devices are preferably unidirectional thyristors; the second switch S2,
  • the current-carrying capacity of the third switch S3 is greater than that of the first switch S1 (first device SCR1, second device SCR2).
  • the fully-controlled device needs at least one diode in series.
  • the mechanical switch K of the arc extinguishing device required by the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention can be a mechanical switch (relay, contactor, travel switch, etc.) that does not have a breaking force (voltage, current breaking force) under working conditions, which can be greatly reduced
  • a mechanical switch resistor, contactor, travel switch, etc.
  • the mechanical switch without breaking force has a slower breaking and closing speed of the mechanical contacts, less mechanical impact, and a higher operating electrical life than the mechanical switch with breaking force.
  • the mechanical switch K When the mechanical switch K is in motion and may Under the condition of unexpected mechanical shock, the mechanical switch K may be accidentally closed and broken under the normally open state, or the opening distance becomes smaller, or the surge voltage appears at both ends of the mechanical switch K, then an arc may occur, when the control unit A When arcing is detected in the mechanical switch K breaking state, the control unit A controls the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 to extinguish the arc.
  • FIG. 5 The second embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing device and the switching system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5:
  • An AC arc extinguishing device that is, a multi-channel mechanical switch management system (single or multi-channel mechanical switch arc management system), the above arc extinguishing device is placed in a housing, as a versatile product, through the terminal It is connected with external mechanical switches and host computers to facilitate safety certification and popularization. Its specific shape can be flexibly designed according to needs, and the ground end can be selected according to needs.
  • a switch system including the placement of the arc extinguishing device described above also includes a mechanical switch K, the body of the mechanical switch K does not have a breaking force for the load current (Refers to the condition that the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention does not intervene in arc extinguishing).
  • the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention is not only an intelligent electronic arc extinguishing system that increases the electrical life of mechanical switches, but also can be used as mechanical switch life calculation and end of life prediction, mechanical switch operation times recording, without increasing hardware resources.
  • the multi-channel mechanical switch intelligent management system for the detection of the working state of the mechanical switch can also greatly reduce the manual maintenance cost and operating cost of the system (electronic control system), improve the safety of the system operation, and increase the intelligent level of the equipment, without the need for bulkiness
  • Expensive high-breaking mechanical switches reduce the environmental pollution caused by frequent replacement of switches, have high economic value and social value, and are extremely conducive to changing the status of electronic arc extinguishment that is difficult to popularize.
  • the switching system using the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention not only combines the advantages of the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention, but the mechanical switch body does not have a breaking force to the load current, which breaks through the design specifications of the traditional switching system.
  • the mechanical switch has a smaller opening distance of the contact and a slower breaking speed (reduced drive power consumption and mechanical impact on the switch itself), without the need for arc extinguishing grid, vacuum or gas extinguishing.
  • mechanical switches have the advantages of low cost, small closing bounce, large connecting current, low power consumption, longer mechanical life, low working noise and small size.
  • the capacitor C1 can be connected in series with an inductor current limit (which can be omitted when the capacitor C1 has a large internal resistance to the load RL working line), which is used to increase the supply time of the capacitor C1 to the load RL and reduce the current rise rate; series inductance Selection of parameters: Under actual working conditions, the device makes the current rise rate through the first switch S1 less than the limit rise rate of the first switch S1; in order to achieve the best efficiency and safety, a pair of wires can be used on site Short-circuit the two ends of the load RL; or use a capacitor (or other capacitive or resistive load) in parallel with the two ends of the load RL; the capacitor C1 is charged, and then the first switch S1 is turned on, the system voltage and the voltage of the capacitor C1 are superimposed, so that The rate of current rise through the first switch S1 is less than the limit rate of rise of the first switch S1 (first device SCR1, second device SCR2), second switch S2, and third switch S3.
  • the above embodiments are particularly suitable for extinguishing arcs of mechanical switches such as contactors and relays in AC systems below 1200 volts.
  • the working principle is the same.
  • the capacity of the capacitor C1 is preferably such that the on-time of the first switch S1 is not greater than 1 millisecond (200 microseconds is preferred. It is recommended that when the contact of the mechanical switch K has a certain opening distance, The penetration voltage is greater than the working voltage of the mechanical switch K, the first switch S1 is turned on, as long as the load has a pulse current of tens of microseconds to achieve a satisfactory arc extinguishing effect,), the arc extinguishing device of the present invention can easily meet 100 times The frequency of arc extinguishing above per second.
  • the AC of the present invention includes sine wave AC (such as power frequency), square wave AC (DC commutation) and other AC.
  • each mechanical switch connected to the load is connected through a semiconductor device (first switch S1), the capacitor utilization rate is high, the cost is greatly saved, the volume is reduced, and the response speed of the arc extinction is improved.
  • capacitors to facilitate energy storage boosting can provide electrical pulses greater than the input power supply voltage of the mechanical switch to the load. It can also output a large extinction under the conditions of long arc extinction circuit, small wire diameter and large internal resistance.
  • Arc current (1 square wire can transmit several hundred to thousands of amps of current); when the voltage pre-reverse charging technology is used, the arc extinction voltage is the capacitor voltage and the AC sine wave voltage superimposed (the capacitor pre-charge voltage is recommended to be no higher than 50% of the AC peak voltage), the arc extinguishing voltage can float with the AC sine wave voltage.
  • the present invention has the advantages of high capacitance utilization rate and wide application range.

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are an alternating-current arc extinguishing circuit and device, and a switching system, being suitable for performing arc extinguishing on mechanical contacts such as a multipath alternating-current contactor and a relay. The alternating-current arc extinguishing circuit comprises a capacitor (C1) and a first switch (S1). In a breaking process of a mechanical switch (K), a power supply connected to the mechanical switch (K) supplies power to a load (RL) through the capacitor (C1) and the first switch (S1) to perform the arc extinguishing on the mechanical switch (K). There are two or more first switches (S1), mechanical switches (K) and loads (RL), and the first switches (S1) are semiconductor switches. The alternating-current arc extinguishing circuit has the advantages of a low cost, a simple circuit, and high reliability.

Description

交流灭弧电路及装置、开关***AC arc extinguishing circuit, device and switch system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种交流灭弧电路及装置特别是一种适合于对多路交流接触器、继电器等机械触点灭弧的交流灭弧电路及装置，也可以用于其它断点(如熔断体的熔断、插头与插座之间的断点、导线断点)的灭弧及一种采用本发明交流灭弧装置的开关***。The present invention relates to an AC arc extinguishing circuit and device, especially an AC arc extinguishing circuit and device suitable for extinguishing mechanical contacts such as multi-channel AC contactors, relays, etc., and can also be used for other breakpoints (such as fuse links) Fuse, breakpoint between plug and socket, wire breakpoint), and a switching system using the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
背景技术Background technique
目前在供配电、轨道交通、舰船等交流电控***中，普遍使用多个(二，或二以上)接触器(继电器)等机械开关对不同回路的负载进行接通和分断控制，由于其分断电弧大，存在机械开关电寿命短的缺点，随着机械开关的分断电压越高和分断电流越大，其电寿命将大幅度降低，目前市场也存在连接电容进行灭弧的灭弧装置，一种是小电流产品使用的阻容吸收电路；另一种是配合双电源切换、中高压断路器等高价产品使用的并联电容灭弧的电子灭弧装置，前者只能用于小电流场合使用，后者电容利用率低、成本高、适用范围小、通用性差、难以普及使用。At present, in AC electrical control systems for power supply and distribution, rail transit, ships, etc., multiple (two or more) contactors (relays) and other mechanical switches are commonly used to switch on and off the loads of different circuits. Its breaking arc is large, and there is a shortcoming of the short electrical life of the mechanical switch. As the breaking voltage of the mechanical switch is higher and the breaking current is larger, its electrical life will be greatly reduced. At present, there are also arc extinguishing devices connected to the capacitor for arc extinguishing. , One is the resistance-capacitance absorption circuit used in small current products; the other is an electronic arc extinguishing device with a parallel capacitor extinguisher used in high-priced products such as dual power switching and medium and high voltage circuit breakers. The former can only be used in small current applications Used, the latter has low capacitor utilization rate, high cost, small application range, poor versatility, and is difficult to popularize.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决现有交流电控***中多路机械开关的电寿命短的问题，提供一种针对多路机械开关灭弧、适用范围广、电容的利用率高的交流灭弧电路及装置，及提供一种采用机械开关具有成本低，体积小、运营成本极低及采用本发明交流灭弧装置的开关***。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of short electrical life of multi-path mechanical switches in existing AC electric control systems, and to provide an AC arc extinguishing circuit for multi-path mechanical switches with arc extinction, wide application range, and high utilization rate of capacitance and Device, and to provide a switch system using a mechanical switch with low cost, small size, and extremely low operating cost, and using the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：The purpose of realizing the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种交流灭弧电路，所需灭弧的机械开关与负载连接，其包括一电容、第一开关，机械开关分断过程中，机械开关连接的电源通过电容、第一开关为负载供电，用于机械开关灭弧，机械开关、负载、第一开关，数量至少为二，第一开关为半导体开关。An AC arc extinguishing circuit, a mechanical switch required for arc extinguishing is connected to a load, which includes a capacitor and a first switch. During the breaking process of the mechanical switch, the power supply connected to the mechanical switch supplies the load through the capacitor and the first switch. The mechanical switch is extinguished. The number of mechanical switches, loads, and first switches is at least two. The first switch is a semiconductor switch.
一种交流灭弧电路，还包括第二开关、第三开关，所述第一开关包括第一器件、第二器件，所述第一开关、所述第二开关、所述第三开关为可控半导体开关；An AC arc extinguishing circuit further includes a second switch and a third switch. The first switch includes a first device and a second device. The first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are Control semiconductor switch;
在分断过程中所述机械开关正向导通期间，所述电源通过所述第二开关、所述电容、所述第一器件为所述负载供电；During the forward conduction of the mechanical switch during the breaking process, the power supply supplies power to the load through the second switch, the capacitor, and the first device;
在分断过程中所述机械开关负向导通期间，所述电源通过所述第三开关、所述电容、所述第二器件为所述负载供电。During the negative conduction of the mechanical switch during the breaking process, the power supply supplies power to the load through the third switch, the capacitor, and the second device.
一种包括前面所述的交流灭弧电路的交流灭弧装置，还包括一控制单元，所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关的控制信号由所述控制单元提供，所述控制单 元与所述电容连接。An AC arc extinguishing device including the AC arc extinguishing circuit described above, and further including a control unit, the control signals of the first device, the second device, the second switch, and the third switch are The control unit provides that the control unit is connected to the capacitor.
一种包括前面所述的灭弧装置的开关***，还包括所述机械开关，所述机械开关本体不具备对所述负载工作电流分断力。A switch system including the arc extinguishing device described above, further includes the mechanical switch, and the mechanical switch body does not have a breaking force for the working current of the load.
工作原理：如图1所示，所需灭弧的机械开关K与负载RL连接，一种交流灭弧电路，其包括电容C1、第一开关S1，机械开关K分断过程中，机械开关K连接的电源依次通过电容C1、第一开关S1为负载RL供电，负载RL两端电压快速提升，机械开关K两端的电位差快速下降，达到机械开关K分断灭弧的目的。Working principle: As shown in Figure 1, the mechanical switch K required to extinguish the arc is connected to the load RL. An AC arc extinguishing circuit includes a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, and the mechanical switch K is connected during the mechanical switch K is disconnected. The power supply of the power supply in turn supplies power to the load RL through the capacitor C1 and the first switch S1. The voltage across the load RL increases rapidly, and the potential difference across the mechanical switch K decreases rapidly, achieving the purpose of the mechanical switch K breaking and extinguishing the arc.
本发明设计合理，本发明具有电容的利用率高的优点。The invention has reasonable design, and the invention has the advantages of high utilization rate of capacitance.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
图1是本发明交流灭弧电路的电路原理图。FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the AC arc extinguishing circuit of the present invention.
图2是本发明交流灭弧电路及装置、开关***实施例一原理图。FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of an embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing circuit, device, and switching system of the present invention.
图3是本发明交流灭弧电路之充电电路的电路原理图。3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the charging circuit of the AC arc extinguishing circuit of the present invention.
图4是本发明交流灭弧电路之光电耦合单元的电路原理图。4 is a circuit schematic diagram of the photoelectric coupling unit of the AC arc extinguishing circuit of the present invention.
图5是本发明交流灭弧装置及开关***实施例二示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing device and the switching system of the present invention.
图6是本发明半控型器件串联不可控型器件电路原理图。6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a semi-controlled device of the present invention connected in series with an uncontrollable device.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明交流灭弧电路及交流灭弧装置、开关***实施例一，如图2所示：The first embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing circuit, AC arc extinguishing device and switch system of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2:
一种交流灭弧电路，所需灭弧的机械开关K与负载RL连接，其包括电容C1、第一开关S1，机械开关K分断过程中，机械开关K连接的电源通过电容C1、第一开关S1为负载RL供电，用于机械开关K灭弧，还包括第二开关S2、第三开关S3，第一开关S1包括第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2，第一开关S1、第二开关S2、第三开关S3为可控半导体开关，第一器件SCR1与第二器件SCR2同向串联组成第一串联电路，第一器件SCR1与第二器件SCR2的共同端与负载RL连接，第一串联电路的两端与电容C1两端连接，第三开关S3与第一器件SCR1反向串联，第二开关S2与第二器件SCR2反向串联；各第一器件SCR1之间、各第二器件SCR2之间为反向串联关系。An AC arc extinguishing circuit, a mechanical switch K required for arc extinguishing is connected to a load RL, which includes a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, and during the breaking of the mechanical switch K, the power supply connected to the mechanical switch K passes through the capacitor C1, the first switch S1 supplies power to the load RL for the arc extinguishment of the mechanical switch K, and further includes a second switch S2 and a third switch S3. The first switch S1 includes a first device SCR1, a second device SCR2, a first switch S1, and a second switch S2 3. The third switch S3 is a controllable semiconductor switch. The first device SCR1 and the second device SCR2 are connected in series in the same direction to form a first series circuit. The common terminal of the first device SCR1 and the second device SCR2 is connected to the load RL. The first series circuit Is connected in series with the capacitor C1, the third switch S3 and the first device SCR1 are connected in reverse series, the second switch S2 and the second device SCR2 are connected in reverse series; between each first device SCR1 and each second device SCR2 There is a reverse series relationship.
为有效克服多路机械开关K布局分散造成电容C1相对各负载RL灭弧回路线路过长带来的线损，提供足够的灭弧电流，提升灭弧效果，电容C1连接有用于反向预先充电的充电电路(如图3所示，该电路也可作为放电电路，可内置在控制单元A中，由控制单元A完成；也可以选其它充电电路，如开关电源，电容C1前端利用一电容预先充满电，对电容C1充电，提升二次灭弧的响应速度，尤其合适灭弧失败快速补充对电容C1的灭弧能量，可内 置在控制单元A中)。In order to effectively overcome the line loss caused by the layout of the multi-mechanical switch K and the capacitor C1 is too long relative to the load RL arc extinction circuit line, provide sufficient arc extinction current and improve the arc extinction effect, the capacitor C1 is connected for reverse pre-charging (As shown in Figure 3, this circuit can also be used as a discharge circuit, which can be built in the control unit A and completed by the control unit A; you can also choose other charging circuits, such as switching power supply, capacitor C1 front end using a capacitor in advance Fully charged, charge capacitor C1, improve the response speed of secondary arc extinguishment, especially suitable for arc extinguishing failure to quickly supplement the arc extinguishing energy of capacitor C1, which can be built in control unit A).
充电电路：对电容C1反向预充电，也可以用于对负载RL预先通电，包括第五器件S5、变压器T1(可采用工频变压器)、第一二极管D1、第一元件R1(电阻，或电感，可选)、第二二极管D2(可选)、第三二极管D3(可选，当变压器输出绕组内阻较大时，第三二极管D3可省略)，变压器T1输出端通过第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第五器件S5、第一元件R1与电容C1连接，电容C1通过第一二极管D1、第五器件S5、第一元件R1放电。Charging circuit: reverse pre-charge the capacitor C1, can also be used to pre-energize the load RL, including the fifth device S5, transformer T1 (power frequency transformer can be used), first diode D1, first element R1 (resistor , Or inductance, optional), second diode D2 (optional), third diode D3 (optional, when the internal resistance of the transformer output winding is large, the third diode D3 can be omitted), transformer The output terminal of T1 is connected to the capacitor C1 through the second diode D2, the third diode D3, the fifth device S5, and the first element R1, and the capacitor C1 passes through the first diode D1, the fifth device S5, the first element R1 discharge.
当第五器件S5在机械开关K闭合前导通，用于机械开关K闭合灭弧；或第五器件S5在机械开关K1闭合前导通，用于负载RL(容性负载，如无功补偿的电容)预先充电。When the fifth device S5 is turned on before the mechanical switch K is closed, it is used for the mechanical switch K to close and extinguish the arc; or the fifth device S5 is turned on before the mechanical switch K1 is closed, used for the load RL (capacitive load, such as reactive power compensation Capacitor) pre-charged.
第五器件S5用于电容C1放电；第五器件S5优选单向晶闸管。The fifth device S5 is used for discharging the capacitor C1; the fifth device S5 is preferably a unidirectional thyristor.
一种包括以上所述交流灭弧电路的交流灭弧装置，其还包括一控制单元A，第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2、第二开关S2、第三开关S3的控制信号由控制单元A提供。An AC arc extinguishing device including the AC arc extinguishing circuit described above, which further includes a control unit A, the control signals of the first device SCR1, the second device SCR2, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 are controlled by the control unit A provide.
电容C1的电压信号传递至控制单元A(可用于检测电容C1的容量，也可以采用一电流传感器检测电容C1的电流信号，电流信号传递至控制单元A)，控制单元A异步提供脉冲信号至第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2、第二开关S2、第三开关S3，用于检测第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2、第二开关S2、第三开关S3，可用于检测是否完成灭弧，或检测是否击穿。The voltage signal of the capacitor C1 is transferred to the control unit A (it can be used to detect the capacity of the capacitor C1, or a current sensor can be used to detect the current signal of the capacitor C1, and the current signal is transferred to the control unit A). The control unit A asynchronously provides a pulse signal to the first A device SCR1, a second device SCR2, a second switch S2, and a third switch S3 are used to detect the first device SCR1, the second device SCR2, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3, and can be used to detect whether the arc extinguishment is completed, Or check for breakdown.
还包括一光电耦合单元(如图4所示，可内置在控制单元A中)，光电耦合单元用于检测电容C1两端的电压，光电耦合单元包括第二限流元件R2、光电耦合器(OPT1、OPT2)组成，第二限流元件R2与光电耦合器(OPT1、OPT2)组成的串联电路与电容连接，光电耦合器(OPT1、OPT2)输出信号传递至控制单元A；光电耦合单元为双向输入，双输出电压检测单元，第一光电耦合器OPT1与第二光电耦合器OPT2反向并联，也可以采用第一光电耦合器OPT1与第二光电耦合器OPT2反向串联，第一光电耦合器OPT1与第二光电耦合器OPT2各并联一二极管。It also includes a photo-coupling unit (as shown in Figure 4, which can be built into the control unit A). The photo-coupling unit is used to detect the voltage across the capacitor C1. The photo-coupling unit includes a second current-limiting element R2 and a photo-coupler (OPT1 , OPT2), the series circuit composed of the second current limiting element R2 and the optocoupler (OPT1, OPT2) is connected to the capacitor, the output signal of the optocoupler (OPT1, OPT2) is passed to the control unit A; the optocoupler unit is a bidirectional input , Dual output voltage detection unit, the first optocoupler OPT1 and the second optocoupler OPT2 are connected in reverse parallel, or the first optocoupler OPT1 and the second optocoupler OPT2 are connected in series in reverse, the first optocoupler OPT1 A diode is connected in parallel with the second photocoupler OPT2.
J1可外接电源端口(可选)；J2为通信端口，用于传输和接受相关信息。J1 can be connected to an external power port (optional); J2 is a communication port for transmitting and receiving related information.
工作原理：***上电，控制单元A对电容C1反向充电，在分断过程中，机械开关K正向导通期间，电源通过第二开关S2、电容C1、第一器件SCR1为负载RL供电，机械开关K两端的电位差快速下降(或机械开关K两端的呈现负电压)，达到对机械开关K灭弧的目的；在分断过程中机械开关K负向导通期间，电源通过第三开关S3、电容C1、第二器件SCR2为负载供电，机械开关K两端的电位差快速下降，达到对机械开关K灭弧的目的；在灭弧完成后，控制单元A对电容C1放电，然后对电容C1反向充电，准备下一个工作过程。Working principle: The system is powered on, and the control unit A reversely charges the capacitor C1. During the breaking process, during the forward conduction of the mechanical switch K, the power is supplied to the load RL through the second switch S2, the capacitor C1, and the first device SCR1. The potential difference between the two ends of the switch K drops rapidly (or the negative voltage across the mechanical switch K appears) to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the arc of the mechanical switch K; during the negative conduction of the mechanical switch K during the breaking process, the power passes through the third switch S3 and the capacitor C1, the second device SCR2 supplies power to the load, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K drops rapidly to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the mechanical switch K; after the arc extinction is completed, the control unit A discharges the capacitor C1 and then reverses the capacitor C1 Charging and preparing for the next working process.
控制单元A：用于对电容C1充电、放电，为提高响应速度，控制单元A采用半导体开关对电容C1充电及放电，内置一可编程器件(如微控制器)，控制单元A内置控制程序的智能化单元，在不增加硬件资源或增加极少硬件资源的条件下，实现对多路负载RL依据各自的不同状况(容性，感性、阻性、电流)调整控制方式，提高灭弧效果，有效提升多路机械开关K的电寿命，可以完成定时(延时控制开关导通)、电压采集、电压比较(如机械开关两端的电压)、逻辑处理、控制电容C1充放电、对电容C1充电电压进行调整等，有利于简化电路；共用电容C1、控制单元A对多路机械开关K(机械开关可以互为串联或并联关系)进行灭弧控制、机械开关K闭合灭弧(或负载RL预充电)和检测(闭合状态、断开状态、燃弧，及各状态是否稳定正常)，根据机械开关K的燃弧情况、操作次数对机械开关K寿命进行计算，并传输或显示相关信息(故障代码、机械开关的操作次数、电寿命、机械寿命、工作状态等)，有利于提高电控***的整体安全性，方便维修，具有更高性价比的特点，可广泛应用于各种电控领域，作为一种具有增加机械开关电寿命、机械开关寿命计算及寿命终结预告、机械开关工作状态检测的多路机械开关智能管理***。Control unit A: used to charge and discharge capacitor C1. In order to improve the response speed, control unit A uses semiconductor switches to charge and discharge capacitor C1. A programmable device (such as a microcontroller) is built in. Control unit A has a built-in control program. Intelligent unit, without increasing hardware resources or adding very few hardware resources, realizes the adjustment of the control method of multi-channel load RL according to their different conditions (capacitive, inductive, resistive, current) to improve the arc extinguishing effect. Effectively improve the electrical life of the multi-path mechanical switch K, can complete timing (delay control switch conduction), voltage collection, voltage comparison (such as the voltage across the mechanical switch), logic processing, control capacitor C1 charge and discharge, charge capacitor C1 Voltage adjustment, etc., is conducive to simplifying the circuit; common capacitor C1, control unit A performs arc extinction control on multiple mechanical switches K (mechanical switches can be in series or parallel relationship with each other), mechanical switch K closes and extinguishes (or load Charging) and detection (closed state, open state, arcing, and whether each state is stable and normal), according to the arcing situation of the mechanical switch K, the number of operations to open the machine Calculate K life, and transmit or display related information (fault code, number of operation of mechanical switch, electrical life, mechanical life, working status, etc.), which is conducive to improving the overall safety of the electronic control system, convenient maintenance, and has a higher cost performance It can be widely used in various electronic control fields. It is a multi-path mechanical switch intelligent management system with increased electrical life of mechanical switches, calculation of mechanical switch life and prediction of end of life, and detection of working status of mechanical switches.
由于与控制单元A连接的多路机械开关K及多路负载RL电特性未必一致，为达到最佳灭弧效果，控制单元A储存与负载RL的电流相关的参数，或输入与负载RL的电流相关的参数或信号，或机械开关K的动作时间参数，电容C1的充电电压与通过所需灭弧的机械开关K的电流成正比(利用控制单元A对电容C1的充电电压进行调整)，机械开关K分断工作过程中，第一开关S1、第二开关S2、第三开关S3延时导通的时间与负载RL的电流成正比，延时的时间参数可以由控制单元A内置的可编程器件完成；有利于克服在灭弧过程中过电压对***的影响，并达到最佳灭弧效果。Since the electrical characteristics of the multiple mechanical switches K and the multiple loads RL connected to the control unit A may not be consistent, in order to achieve the best arc extinguishing effect, the control unit A stores the parameters related to the current of the load RL, or inputs the current related to the load RL Related parameters or signals, or the operating time parameters of the mechanical switch K, the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 is proportional to the current through the mechanical switch K that needs to be extinguished (using the control unit A to adjust the charging voltage of the capacitor C1), mechanical During the operation of the switch K, the delay time of the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 is proportional to the current of the load RL. The delay time parameter can be controlled by the programmable device built in the control unit A Complete; help to overcome the impact of overvoltage on the system during the arc extinguishing process and achieve the best arc extinguishing effect.
机械开关K的控制信号(不限于由机械开关K的控制端提供，也可以由J2端口提供)传递至控制单元A，或机械开关K的控制信号由控制单元A提供，或采用机械开关K的辅助开关信号传递至控制单元A，后者也可以结合前面任一项使用，有利于机械开关K闭合完成前提前控制第一开关S1、第二开关S2、第三开关S3导通，并有利于提高灭弧准确性、实时性，更有利于对各个机械开关的动作逻辑、灭弧控制逻辑优化控制，根据需要选用；The control signal of the mechanical switch K (not limited to provided by the control end of the mechanical switch K, but also provided by the J2 port) is transmitted to the control unit A, or the control signal of the mechanical switch K is provided by the control unit A, or the mechanical switch K is used The auxiliary switch signal is transmitted to the control unit A, which can also be used in combination with any of the preceding, which is conducive to controlling the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 to be turned on in advance before closing the mechanical switch K, and is conducive to Improve the accuracy and real-time performance of arc extinguishment, which is more conducive to optimizing the control of the action logic and arc extinguishing control logic of each mechanical switch.
控制单元A用于记录机械开关的操作次数，控制单元A检测(通过检测相应电压信号，或机械开关K的辅助开关，或负载电流)机械开关K的触点断开。The control unit A is used to record the operation times of the mechanical switch, and the control unit A detects (by detecting the corresponding voltage signal, or the auxiliary switch of the mechanical switch K, or the load current) that the contact of the mechanical switch K is opened.
控制单元A可包括显示单元，或连接有显示单元(可采用通信口连接)，用于显示机械开关K动作状态、机械开关K操作次数、灭弧动作状态、机械开关K剩余寿命(机械寿命、电寿命)等信息；控制单元A可包括输入单元(按键等)，或连接有输入单元(可采用通信 口连接)。The control unit A may include a display unit, or a display unit (which may be connected by a communication port) is used to display the operating state of the mechanical switch K, the number of operations of the mechanical switch K, the arc extinguishing operating state, and the remaining life of the mechanical switch K (mechanical life, Information such as electrical life); the control unit A may include an input unit (keys, etc.), or an input unit (which may be connected using a communication port) is connected.
机械开关K与负载RL的共同端的电压信号传递至控制单元A(为负载RL两端电压，或机械开关K两端电压，或共同端相对于电容C1的电压)，机械开关K的输入端电源的电压信号连接至控制单元A。The voltage signal at the common terminal of the mechanical switch K and the load RL is transferred to the control unit A (the voltage across the load RL, or the voltage across the mechanical switch K, or the voltage of the common terminal relative to the capacitor C1), and the input power of the mechanical switch K Is connected to the control unit A.
以上实施例，在控制单元A检测到灭弧失败的工况下(控制单元A根据电容C1的电压或电流得知；控制单元A再次对电容C1进行充电，然后进行第二次灭弧，可以极大的提高灭弧的可靠性、二次灭弧的响应速度；控制单元A利用一变压器驱动第一开关S1、第二开关S2、第三开关S3。In the above embodiment, under the condition that the control unit A detects that the arc extinguishment has failed (the control unit A knows from the voltage or current of the capacitor C1; the control unit A charges the capacitor C1 again, and then performs the second arc extinguishment, it can be The reliability of arc extinction and the response speed of secondary arc extinction are greatly improved; the control unit A uses a transformer to drive the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3.
机械开关K、负载RL、第一开关S1数量为二，或二以上，共用电容C1、第二开关S2(可选)、第三开关S3(可选)、控制单元A等资源，可达到大幅度节约成本、减少体积的目的，同时灭弧电压采用高于负载RL工作电压，具有有效克服多路机械开关K布局分散造成电容C1相对各负载RL灭弧回路线路过长带来的线损，提供足够的灭弧电流，提升灭弧效果；采用电容对灭弧电流有效值的限制，防止第一开关S1击穿带来对其它回路负载RL供电的风险；各路所需灭弧的机械开关K与负载RL的共同端之间通过第一开关S1相连接，各路的第一器件SCR1(第二器件SCR2)之间为反向串联连接(耐压值为二个第一器件SCR1，或二个第二器件SCR2的耐压值相加)，不存在误导通造成的机械开关K对另一路机械开关K连接的负载RL供电的问题，且具备各路机械开关K输出端之间的耐压高(当第一开关S1采用单向晶闸管时轻松可达4000伏特)、响应速度快、体积小、成本低、不存在灭弧操作次数寿命的限定等优点；在***电压较高时为进一步提高安全性，第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2、第二开关S2、第三开关S3可采用半控型器件(如单向晶闸管，其常规型号耐压可以达1500到2000伏特，采用额定电流25安培的单向晶闸管，可对上千安培电流的机械开关灭弧)串联一个或以上数量的二极管(不可控型器件，二极管常规耐压可以达1000到2000伏特，采用额定电流10安培二极管，可对上千安培电流的机械开关灭弧，设计选型时采用的二极管的工作可靠性优于半控型器件)组成(如图6所示)，可大幅度提升各路机械开关输出端之间的绝缘耐压(轻松可达6000伏特，或万伏特以上)，具有成本低、高耐压能力、过流能力强、可靠性高的优点。The number of mechanical switch K, load RL, first switch S1 is two or more, and the resources such as capacitor C1, second switch S2 (optional), third switch S3 (optional), control unit A, etc. can be reached. The purpose of amplitude saving cost and volume reduction, at the same time, the arc extinguishing voltage is higher than the working voltage of the load RL, which effectively overcomes the line loss caused by the layout of the multi-mechanical switch K and the capacitance C1 is too long relative to the load RL arc extinction circuit. Provide sufficient arc extinguishing current to improve the arc extinguishing effect; adopt capacitor to limit the effective value of arc extinguishing current to prevent the risk of the first switch S1 breakdown bringing power supply to other loop loads RL; mechanical switches for each arc extinguishing required The common terminal of K and the load RL is connected through a first switch S1, and the first device SCR1 (second device SCR2) of each path is connected in reverse series (withstand voltage value of two first devices SCR1, or The withstand voltage values of the two second devices SCR2 are added), there is no problem that the mechanical switch K causes the power supply to the load RL connected to the other mechanical switch K caused by erroneous conduction, and it has the resistance between the output terminals of the mechanical switches K High voltage (when the first switch S1 uses single (Thyristor can easily reach 4000 volts), fast response, small size, low cost, and there is no limit to the life of the number of arc extinguishing operations; to further improve safety when the system voltage is high, the first device SCR1, the second The device SCR2, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 can use semi-controlled devices (such as unidirectional thyristors, whose conventional models can withstand voltages of 1500 to 2000 volts, and use unidirectional thyristors with a rated current of 25 amps, which can be used for thousands. A mechanical current switch of ampere current is extinguished) One or more diodes are connected in series (uncontrolled device, the conventional withstand voltage of the diode can reach 1000 to 2000 volts, the rated current of 10 ampere diode is used, and the mechanical switch of thousands of ampere current can be extinguished. The working reliability of the diodes used in design and selection is better than that of semi-controlled devices) (as shown in Figure 6), which can greatly improve the insulation withstand voltage between the output terminals of each mechanical switch (easy to reach 6000 volts) , Or more than ten thousand volts), has the advantages of low cost, high withstand voltage capability, strong overcurrent capability, and high reliability.
以上第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2、第二开关S2、第三开关S3为可控半导体开关，优选为半控型器件，且半控型器件优选为单向晶闸管；选用第二开关S2、第三开关S3的载流量大于第一开关S1(第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2)的载流量，所需灭弧的机械开关数量多时，有利于降低成本，且能保证***工作的可靠性。The above first device SCR1, second device SCR2, second switch S2, and third switch S3 are controllable semiconductor switches, preferably semi-controlled devices, and the semi-controlled devices are preferably unidirectional thyristors; the second switch S2, The current-carrying capacity of the third switch S3 is greater than that of the first switch S1 (first device SCR1, second device SCR2). When the number of mechanical switches required for arc extinguishment is large, it is helpful to reduce costs and ensure the reliability of system operation .
当第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2、第二开关S2、第三开关S3采用全控型器件，全控型器件需至少串联一二极管。When the first device SCR1, the second device SCR2, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 adopt a fully-controlled device, the fully-controlled device needs at least one diode in series.
本发明交流灭弧装置所需灭弧的机械开关K可以采用在工作条件下本身不具备分断力(电压、电流分断力)的机械开关(继电器、接触器、行程开关等)，达到大幅度减低成本、减重、减少机械开关体积的目的；The mechanical switch K of the arc extinguishing device required by the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention can be a mechanical switch (relay, contactor, travel switch, etc.) that does not have a breaking force (voltage, current breaking force) under working conditions, which can be greatly reduced The purpose of cost, weight reduction, and volume reduction of mechanical switches;
同时不具分断力的机械开关与具有分断力的机械开关相比其机械触点的分断和闭合速度更慢，机械冲击更小，具有更高的操作电寿命，当机械开关K处于运动状态并可能出现意外机械冲击的工况下，机械开关K在常开状态下可能意外闭合又分断，或开距变小，或机械开关K两端出现冲击电压，这时可能出现燃弧，当控制单元A在机械开关K分断状态下检测到燃弧时，控制单元A控制第一开关S1、第二开关S2、第三开关S3进行灭弧。At the same time, the mechanical switch without breaking force has a slower breaking and closing speed of the mechanical contacts, less mechanical impact, and a higher operating electrical life than the mechanical switch with breaking force. When the mechanical switch K is in motion and may Under the condition of unexpected mechanical shock, the mechanical switch K may be accidentally closed and broken under the normally open state, or the opening distance becomes smaller, or the surge voltage appears at both ends of the mechanical switch K, then an arc may occur, when the control unit A When arcing is detected in the mechanical switch K breaking state, the control unit A controls the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 to extinguish the arc.
本发明交流灭弧装置及开关***实施例二，如图5所示：The second embodiment of the AC arc extinguishing device and the switching system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5:
一种交流灭弧装置，即一多路机械开关管理***(单路或多路机械开关电弧管理***)，对以上所述灭弧装置放置一外壳内，作为一通用性强的产品，通过端子与外部各路机械开关、上位机等连接，方便安全认证，普及推广使用，其具体外形可以根据需要灵活设计，地端根据需要选用。An AC arc extinguishing device, that is, a multi-channel mechanical switch management system (single or multi-channel mechanical switch arc management system), the above arc extinguishing device is placed in a housing, as a versatile product, through the terminal It is connected with external mechanical switches and host computers to facilitate safety certification and popularization. Its specific shape can be flexibly designed according to needs, and the ground end can be selected according to needs.
一种包括以上所述的灭弧装置放置的开关***(实施例一，如图1；实施例二，如图5)，还包括机械开关K，机械开关K本体不具备对负载电流的分断力(指在本发明交流灭弧装置不介入灭弧条件下)。A switch system including the placement of the arc extinguishing device described above (Example 1, as shown in Figure 1; Example 2, as shown in Figure 5), also includes a mechanical switch K, the body of the mechanical switch K does not have a breaking force for the load current (Refers to the condition that the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention does not intervene in arc extinguishing).
本发明交流灭弧装置，不但是一种具有增加机械开关电寿命的智能电子灭弧***，且在不增加硬件资源的条件下可作为机械开关寿命计算及寿命终结预告、机械开关操作次数记录、机械开关工作状态检测的多路机械开关智能管理***，还可以大幅度减少***(电控***)的人工维护成本、运行成本，提高***运行的安全性，提升设备的智能化水平，无需采用笨重昂贵的高分断力的机械开关(改变原有的电气设计标准)，减少频繁更换开关造成的环境污染，具有很高的经济价值和社会价值，极其有利于改变电子灭弧难以普及的现状。The AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention is not only an intelligent electronic arc extinguishing system that increases the electrical life of mechanical switches, but also can be used as mechanical switch life calculation and end of life prediction, mechanical switch operation times recording, without increasing hardware resources. The multi-channel mechanical switch intelligent management system for the detection of the working state of the mechanical switch can also greatly reduce the manual maintenance cost and operating cost of the system (electronic control system), improve the safety of the system operation, and increase the intelligent level of the equipment, without the need for bulkiness Expensive high-breaking mechanical switches (changing the original electrical design standards) reduce the environmental pollution caused by frequent replacement of switches, have high economic value and social value, and are extremely conducive to changing the status of electronic arc extinguishment that is difficult to popularize.
采用本发明交流灭弧装置的开关***，不但结合了本发明交流灭弧装置的优点，机械开关本体不具备对负载电流的分断力，突破了传统开关***的设计规范，本发明的开关***的机械开关与传统机械开关(具有分断力)相比具有触点所需开距小、分断速度更慢(减少驱动功耗及对开关本身的机械冲击)、无需采用灭弧栅、真空或充气灭弧措施，机械开关具有低成本、闭合弹跳小、接通电流大、低功耗、机械寿命更长、工作噪音低、体积小的优点。The switching system using the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention not only combines the advantages of the AC arc extinguishing device of the present invention, but the mechanical switch body does not have a breaking force to the load current, which breaks through the design specifications of the traditional switching system. Compared with the traditional mechanical switch (with breaking force), the mechanical switch has a smaller opening distance of the contact and a slower breaking speed (reduced drive power consumption and mechanical impact on the switch itself), without the need for arc extinguishing grid, vacuum or gas extinguishing. For arc measures, mechanical switches have the advantages of low cost, small closing bounce, large connecting current, low power consumption, longer mechanical life, low working noise and small size.
以上实施例，电容C1可串联一电感限流(当电容C1对负载RL工作线路内阻较大时可 以省略)，用于提升电容C1对负载RL的供电时间、减低电流的上升速率；串联电感参数的选取：本装置在实际工况条件下，使得通过第一开关S1的电流上升速率小于第一开关S1的极限上升速率；为达到最佳效能和安全性，在现场，可利用一导线对负载RL两端短接；或利用一电容(或其它容性或阻性负载)与负载RL两端并联；电容C1充电，然后第一开关S1导通，***电压与电容C1的电压叠加，使得通过第一开关S1的电流上升速率小于第一开关S1(第一器件SCR1、第二器件SCR2)、第二开关S2、第三开关S3的极限上升速率。In the above embodiment, the capacitor C1 can be connected in series with an inductor current limit (which can be omitted when the capacitor C1 has a large internal resistance to the load RL working line), which is used to increase the supply time of the capacitor C1 to the load RL and reduce the current rise rate; series inductance Selection of parameters: Under actual working conditions, the device makes the current rise rate through the first switch S1 less than the limit rise rate of the first switch S1; in order to achieve the best efficiency and safety, a pair of wires can be used on site Short-circuit the two ends of the load RL; or use a capacitor (or other capacitive or resistive load) in parallel with the two ends of the load RL; the capacitor C1 is charged, and then the first switch S1 is turned on, the system voltage and the voltage of the capacitor C1 are superimposed, so that The rate of current rise through the first switch S1 is less than the limit rate of rise of the first switch S1 (first device SCR1, second device SCR2), second switch S2, and third switch S3.
以上实施例尤其适合1200伏特以下交流***中对接触器、继电器等机械开关灭弧，当对三相交流电使用时，只要增加相关电路即可，工作原理相同。The above embodiments are particularly suitable for extinguishing arcs of mechanical switches such as contactors and relays in AC systems below 1200 volts. When using three-phase AC power, as long as related circuits are added, the working principle is the same.
以上实施例，电容C1的容量的优选为第一开关S1的导通时间不大于1毫秒(200微秒内为佳，建议在机械开关K的触点存在一定开距时，该开距的击穿电压大于机械开关K的工作电压，第一开关S1导通，只要提供负载有几十个微秒的脉冲电流即可达到满意的灭弧效果，)，本发明灭弧装置可轻松满足百次以上每秒的灭弧频率。In the above embodiment, the capacity of the capacitor C1 is preferably such that the on-time of the first switch S1 is not greater than 1 millisecond (200 microseconds is preferred. It is recommended that when the contact of the mechanical switch K has a certain opening distance, The penetration voltage is greater than the working voltage of the mechanical switch K, the first switch S1 is turned on, as long as the load has a pulse current of tens of microseconds to achieve a satisfactory arc extinguishing effect,), the arc extinguishing device of the present invention can easily meet 100 times The frequency of arc extinguishing above per second.
注意：本发明的交流包括正弦波交流(如工频)，方波交流(直流换向)及其它交流。Note: The AC of the present invention includes sine wave AC (such as power frequency), square wave AC (DC commutation) and other AC.
本发明以上实施例具有以下优点：The above embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:
1、各路机械开关与负载连接的共同端通过半导体器件(第一开关S1)相连接，电容利用率高，大幅度节约成本、减少体积、提高灭弧的响应速度。1. The common end of each mechanical switch connected to the load is connected through a semiconductor device (first switch S1), the capacitor utilization rate is high, the cost is greatly saved, the volume is reduced, and the response speed of the arc extinction is improved.
2、采用电容方便储能升压，可以提供大于机械开关的输入电源电压的电脉冲给负载，在灭弧回路线路长、线径小、内阻较大的条件下也能输出极大的灭弧电流(1平方的导线可传输几百至上千安培的电流)；当采用电压预先反向充电技术方案，灭弧电压为电容电压与交流正弦波电压叠加(电容预充电的电压建议不高于交流峰值电压的50％)，灭弧电压可以随交流正弦波电压浮动。2. The use of capacitors to facilitate energy storage boosting can provide electrical pulses greater than the input power supply voltage of the mechanical switch to the load. It can also output a large extinction under the conditions of long arc extinction circuit, small wire diameter and large internal resistance. Arc current (1 square wire can transmit several hundred to thousands of amps of current); when the voltage pre-reverse charging technology is used, the arc extinction voltage is the capacitor voltage and the AC sine wave voltage superimposed (the capacitor pre-charge voltage is recommended to be no higher than 50% of the AC peak voltage), the arc extinguishing voltage can float with the AC sine wave voltage.
3、利用电容使得灭弧能量为已知，有效防止第一开关损坏，对其它回路负载的影响。3. The use of capacitance makes the arc extinguishing energy known, which effectively prevents the damage of the first switch and the impact on the load of other circuits.
综上所述，本发明具有电容利用率高、适用范围广的优点。In summary, the present invention has the advantages of high capacitance utilization rate and wide application range.

Claims (15)

  1. 一种交流灭弧电路，所需灭弧的机械开关与负载连接，其特征是：其包括一电容、第一开关，所述机械开关分断过程中，所述机械开关连接的电源通过所述电容、所述第一开关为所述负载供电，用于所述机械开关灭弧，所述第一开关、所述机械开关、所述负载数量为二，或二以上，所述第一开关为半导体开关。An AC arc extinguishing circuit, a mechanical switch required for arc extinguishing is connected to a load, and is characterized in that it includes a capacitor and a first switch. During the breaking of the mechanical switch, the power supply connected to the mechanical switch passes through the capacitor The first switch supplies power to the load for the arc extinguishment of the mechanical switch, the number of the first switch, the mechanical switch, and the load is two or more, and the first switch is a semiconductor switch.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的交流灭弧电路，其特征是：还包括第二开关、第三开关，所述第一开关包括第一器件、第二器件，所述第一开关、所述第二开关、所述第三开关为可控半导体开关；The AC arc extinguishing circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a second switch and a third switch, the first switch includes a first device and a second device, the first switch and the second switch The switch and the third switch are controllable semiconductor switches;
    在分断过程中所述机械开关正向导通期间，所述电源通过所述第二开关、所述电容、所述第一器件为所述负载供电；During the forward conduction of the mechanical switch during the breaking process, the power supply supplies power to the load through the second switch, the capacitor, and the first device;
    在分断过程中所述机械开关负向导通期间，所述电源通过所述第三开关、所述电容、所述第二器件为所述负载供电。During the negative conduction of the mechanical switch during the breaking process, the power supply supplies power to the load through the third switch, the capacitor, and the second device.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的交流灭弧电路，其特征是：所述第一器件与所述第二器件同向串联组成第一串联电路，所述第一器件与所述第二器件的共同端与所述负载连接，所述第一串联电路的两端与所述电容两端连接，所述第三开关与所述第一器件反向串联，所述第二开关与所述第二器件反向串联。The AC arc extinguishing circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first device and the second device are connected in series in the same direction to form a first series circuit, and the common terminal of the first device and the second device Connected to the load, both ends of the first series circuit are connected to both ends of the capacitor, the third switch is connected in reverse series with the first device, and the second switch is connected to the second device To series.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的交流灭弧电路，其特征是：所述可控半导体开关为一半控型器件。The AC arc extinguishing circuit according to claim 2, wherein the controllable semiconductor switch is a half-controlled device.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的交流灭弧电路，其特征是：所述第一器件、所述第二器件串联一只或以上数量的二极管；或所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关串联一只或以上数量的二极管。The AC arc extinguishing circuit according to claim 2, wherein one or more diodes are connected in series with the first device and the second device; or the first device, the second device, and the One or more diodes are connected in series with the second switch and the third switch.
  6. 一种包括权利要求2至5任一项所述的交流灭弧电路的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一控制单元，所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关的控制信号由所述控制单元提供，所述控制单元与所述电容连接。An AC arc extinguishing device including the AC arc extinguishing circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a control unit, the first device, the second device, and the second The control signals of the switch and the third switch are provided by the control unit, and the control unit is connected to the capacitor.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述电容的电压信号或电流信号传递至所述控制单元。The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 6, wherein the voltage signal or current signal of the capacitor is transmitted to the control unit.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元异步提供脉冲信号至所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关，用于检测所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关；The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 7, wherein the control unit asynchronously provides pulse signals to the first device, the second device, the second switch, and the third switch For detecting the first device, the second device, the second switch, and the third switch;
    或所述控制单元异步提供脉冲信号至所述第一器件、所述第二器件用于检测所述第一器件、所述第二器件；Or the control unit asynchronously provides a pulse signal to the first device and the second device to detect the first device and the second device;
    或所述控制单元异步提供脉冲信号至所述第二开关、所述第三开关，用于检测所述第二开关、所述第三开关。Or the control unit asynchronously provides a pulse signal to the second switch and the third switch for detecting the second switch and the third switch.
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：用于检测所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关；The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 7, characterized in that it is used to detect the first device, the second device, the second switch, and the third switch;
    或用于检测所述电容的容量；Or for detecting the capacity of the capacitor;
    或用于检测所述第一器件、所述第二器件、所述第二开关、所述第三开关、用于检测所述电容的容量；Or for detecting the first device, the second device, the second switch, the third switch, and for detecting the capacitance of the capacitor;
    或用于检测是否完成灭弧。Or it is used to detect whether the arc extinction is completed.
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一光电耦合单元，所述光电耦合单元用于检测所述电容两端的电压，所述光电耦合单元由第二限流元件、光电耦合器组成，所述第二限流元件与所述光电耦合器组成的串联电路与所述电容连接，所述光电耦合器输出信号传递至所述控制单元。The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 7, further comprising a photoelectric coupling unit, the photoelectric coupling unit is used to detect the voltage across the capacitor, the photoelectric coupling unit is composed of a second current limiting element, Composed of a photocoupler, a series circuit composed of the second current limiting element and the photocoupler is connected to the capacitor, and the output signal of the photocoupler is transferred to the control unit.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述光电耦合单元为双向输入，双输出电压检测单元。The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 10, wherein the photoelectric coupling unit is a bidirectional input, dual output voltage detection unit.
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述机械开关的控制信号传递至所述控制单元；或所述控制单元提供所述机械开关的控制信号；或所述机械开关的辅助开关信号传递至所述控制单元。The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 7, wherein: the control signal of the mechanical switch is transmitted to the control unit; or the control unit provides the control signal of the mechanical switch; or the mechanical switch The auxiliary switch signal is transmitted to the control unit.
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元用于对所述电容充电或放电，或充电及放电。The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 7, wherein the control unit is used for charging or discharging, or charging and discharging the capacitor.
  14. 根据权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置，其特征是：其放置一外壳内。The AC arc extinguishing device according to claim 7, characterized in that it is placed in a housing.
  15. 一种包括权利要求7所述的交流灭弧装置的开关***，其特征是：还包括所述机械开关，所述机械开关本体不具备对所述负载工作电流分断力。A switch system including the AC arc extinguishing device of claim 7, further comprising the mechanical switch, the mechanical switch body does not have a breaking force for the working current of the load.
PCT/CN2019/112182 2018-10-22 2019-10-21 Alternating-current arc extinguishing circuit and device, and switching system WO2020083181A1 (en)

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CN201811315047.1 2018-11-06
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CN204242871U (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-04-01 广州市金矢电子有限公司 Capacitance coupling type arc-suppression circuit and device
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