WO2020083055A1 - 电池缓冲垫及成型方法、电池模组及成型方法 - Google Patents

电池缓冲垫及成型方法、电池模组及成型方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020083055A1
WO2020083055A1 PCT/CN2019/110917 CN2019110917W WO2020083055A1 WO 2020083055 A1 WO2020083055 A1 WO 2020083055A1 CN 2019110917 W CN2019110917 W CN 2019110917W WO 2020083055 A1 WO2020083055 A1 WO 2020083055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cell
buffer pad
pouch
frangible
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PCT/CN2019/110917
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王广军
叶永煌
郑家伟
牛少军
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22197265.6A priority Critical patent/EP4203155A1/en
Priority to EP19874907.9A priority patent/EP3799149B1/en
Publication of WO2020083055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083055A1/zh
Priority to US17/139,811 priority patent/US12051818B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery buffer pad and a battery module.
  • the battery module usually includes a plurality of batteries. When the battery module is assembled, a certain pretension is required in the battery module to form a reliable fixation on the battery and ensure good contact of the battery reaction interface. It is usually necessary to design a battery buffer pad in the battery module, and realize the pre-tightening force requirement in the battery module by compressing the reaction force generated by the battery buffer pad.
  • the battery when the battery module is in use, the battery will continue to expand, causing the battery buffer pad to continuously compress, and the reaction force generated by the battery buffer pad will continue to increase, thereby generating a large expansion force in the battery module, which is likely to cause the battery module Failure will affect the service life of the battery module.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery buffer pad and a molding method, a soft-pack battery module and a molding method, which can not only meet the pretension requirements when the battery module is assembled, but also effectively relieve the expansion of the battery module when used force.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a battery buffer pad, which includes:
  • a frangible cell which is provided in the body, the frangible cell at least includes a first cell and a second cell, the bursting pressure of the first cell is less than the bursting pressure of the second cell, In order to enable the battery cushion to release the compression space in a gradient under different pressing forces.
  • the pore size of the first cell is larger than the pore size of the second cell.
  • the pore size of the frangible cells is 10um-1mm.
  • the minimum wall thickness of the first cell wall is smaller than the minimum wall thickness of the second cell wall.
  • the wall thickness of the cell wall of the frangible cell is 1um-0.3mm.
  • the frangible cells are evenly distributed in the body, and the volume ratio of the frangible cells to the body is 40% to 90%.
  • the body is also provided with a communication bubble
  • the communication bubble is provided with a vent, and communicates with the outside of the body through the vent.
  • the body is made of elastic insulating material, and the body has a flat structure.
  • the thickness of the body is 0.5mm-20mm.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a soft pack battery module, which includes:
  • At least two pouch-type batteries arranged in sequence along the thickness direction of the pouch-type batteries;
  • a battery buffer pad adopts any one of the battery buffer pads provided in this application, and is arranged between the pouch-shaped battery cells;
  • the pouch type battery presses the battery buffer pad.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides a method for forming a battery buffer pad, including:
  • fragile cells are formed in the body; the fragile cells at least include a first cell and a second cell, and the burst pressure of the first cell is less than The rupture pressure enables the battery cushion to release the compression space in a gradient under different pressing forces.
  • controlling of the foaming process to form frangible cells in the body includes:
  • the foaming process is controlled so that the first cells and the second cells are evenly distributed in the longitudinal section of the body and the cross section of the body.
  • the fourth aspect of the present application provides a method for forming a battery module, including:
  • the battery buffer pad is molded by the molding method of the battery buffer pad provided by the present application.
  • the pressing of the pouch-type battery to the battery buffer pad includes:
  • the battery buffer pad is provided between the pouch-type batteries.
  • the body of the battery buffer pad provided by the present application is provided with a fragile cell, the fragile cell includes at least a first cell and a second cell, wherein the bursting pressure of the first cell is less than that of the second cell,
  • the battery cushion undergoes compression deformation.
  • the expansion force in the battery module continues to increase.
  • the expansion force in the battery module reaches the first cell
  • the pressure is broken, the first cell ruptures and releases the compression space, reducing the expansion force in the battery module, and the second cell does not rupture, maintaining the pre-tension in the battery module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of the module unit of FIG. 1;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a battery buffer pad provided by the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, which includes at least two (multiple) pouch-type batteries 14 and battery buffer pads 10.
  • the pouch-shaped batteries 14 are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the battery; the battery buffer pad 10 is disposed between the pouch-shaped batteries 14, and the pouch-shaped battery 14 presses the battery buffer pad 10, so that the pouch-shaped battery 14 reaches a preset pretension Force requirements:
  • the battery cushion 10 can release the compression space, effectively alleviating the expansion force within the battery module.
  • the above battery module may further include a metal outer frame 2, the metal outer frame 2 is provided in a U-shaped structure, and two side walls of the metal outer frame 2 are respectively in contact with both ends of the battery module in the thickness direction of the pouch type battery 14, so that A plurality of pouch-shaped batteries 14 and battery buffer pads 10 can be pressed against each other to meet the pre-tension requirements in the battery module and prevent the battery module from loosening; both ends of the U-shaped structure (along the length of the pouch-shaped battery 14 Can be provided with end plates 4, which are welded to both ends of the U-shaped structure, and together with the U-shaped structure constitute the outer shell of the battery module, which plays an overall protective role for the battery module.
  • a plurality of pouch-type batteries 14 can be electrically connected through the wire harness separator 3.
  • the battery module provided by the present application may further include a fixing frame 12, the fixing frame 12, the battery buffer pad 10 and the pouch type battery 14 constitute a module unit, simplifying the assembly of the battery module, and making the pouch type battery 14 Fixation with battery cushion 10 is more reliable.
  • the battery buffer pad 10 is disposed in the fixing frame 12 and divides the fixing frame 12 into at least two battery cell receiving chambers 120 along its thickness direction; the pouch type battery 14 is disposed in the battery cell receiving chamber 120 and presses the battery buffer pad 10 ,.
  • the pouch-shaped batteries 14 on both sides of the battery buffer pad 10 can share one battery buffer pad 10, reducing the number of battery buffer pads 10, thereby reducing the volume of the battery module and increasing the energy density of the battery module.
  • the above-mentioned module unit 1 may further include a thermally conductive plate 16, which may be a metal plate with good thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum plate.
  • the thermally conductive plate 16 is disposed on the side of the pouch-shaped battery 14 facing away from the battery cushion 10 to lower The temperature of the side of the battery 14 facing away from the battery cushion 10 controls the expansion of the pouch battery 14 toward the center of the fixed frame 12.
  • the battery cushion 10 provided by the present application includes a body 100 and a frangible cell 102.
  • the frangible cell 102 is disposed in the body 100.
  • the battery buffer pad 10 When the battery module is assembled, the battery buffer pad 10 is compressed and deformed to meet the pre-tightening force requirements in the battery module; when the battery module is in use, the battery expands and the battery buffer pad 10 is continuously compressed under the squeezing force
  • the fragile cell 102 can rupture and release the compression space, thereby effectively alleviating the expansion force in the battery module.
  • the fragile cell 102 at least includes a first cell 1020 and a second cell 1022.
  • the bursting pressure of the first cell 1020 is less than the bursting pressure of the second cell 1022, so that the battery cushion 10 according to the pressing force The size is different, the compression space is released according to the gradient.
  • the battery buffer pad 10 can also be provided with a variety of fragile cells 102 with different bursting pressures, thereby forming more gradients, releasing the compression space in layers, and better adapting to the expansion force in the battery module.
  • the frangible cells 102 may include at least two types of cells with different pore sizes.
  • the first cell 1020 has a larger pore size, a lower rupture pressure, and can provide a larger compression space. When the first cell 1020 ruptures, it can release a larger compression space, effectively reducing the expansion force in the battery module;
  • the second cell 1022 has a smaller pore size, a larger rupture pressure, and can provide a smaller compression space and a larger reaction force to maintain the pre-tension in the battery module after the first cell 1020 ruptures; It can simultaneously ensure the compression space and preload requirements of the pouch-type battery.
  • the pore size of the frangible cell 102 is 10um to 1mm, which is easy to realize and can meet the requirements of compression space and pretension.
  • the pore sizes of the frangible cells 102 may be reasonably distributed according to at least two sections, and two adjacent sections may be continuous or spaced apart from each other.
  • two adjacent sections are spaced from each other (for example, the pore size of the first cell 1020 is 10um to 300um, and the pore size of the second cell 1022 is 500um to 1mm), so that the first cell 1020 and the second cell 1022 are broken There is a clear difference in pressure.
  • the frangible cells 102 may include at least two types of cells with different minimum wall thicknesses.
  • the minimum wall thickness of the hole wall of the first cell 1020 is thin and the rupture pressure is small; the minimum wall thickness of the hole wall of the second cell 1022 is thick and the rupture pressure is large. Since the wall thickness of the hole wall of the frangible cell 102 is not uniform, and the breakage of the frangible cell 102 usually occurs at the weakest position with the smallest wall thickness, it is only necessary to make the minimum wall thickness of the hole wall of the frangible cell 102 The gradient rupture can be achieved by different, and by controlling the minimum wall thickness of the hole wall of the fragile cell 102, the gradient rupture of the fragile cell 102 is easier to control and the operation is convenient.
  • the minimum wall thickness of the cell wall of the frangible cell 102 is preferably 1 um to 0.3 mm.
  • the frangible cells 102 are evenly distributed in the body 100, including the uniform distribution in the longitudinal section of the body 100 (the section along the thickness direction of the body 100), and in the cross section of the body 100 (along the body 100) The cross-section of the extension direction), so that the battery cushion 10 has exactly the same compression performance in any direction, so that the battery cushion 10 can be evenly compressed, so that the side of the pouch battery 14 and the battery cushion 10 It can reliably contact without tilting, so as to ensure good contact of the battery reaction interface.
  • the frangible cell 102 includes the first cell 1020 and the second cell 1022
  • the first cell 1020 and the second cell 1022 are uniformly mixed and uniformly distributed in the body 100, that is, the first cell 1020 Unlike the second cell 1022, this embodiment is easy to operate and makes the battery cushion 10 have the same compression performance in its thickness direction.
  • the first cell 1020 and the second cell 1022 may be arranged in layers (along the thickness direction of the battery cushion 10), and the first cell 1020 and the second cell 1022 are evenly distributed in each layer in each layer.
  • the layer allows the battery cushion 10 to release the compression space in layers, so that the battery cushion 10 can be evenly compressed.
  • the volume ratio of the frangible cell 102 to the body 100 is 40% to 90%, so that the battery cushion 10 has good compression performance and resilience at the same time.
  • the pore diameter and wall thickness of the cells can be controlled by controlling the foaming process, including controlling the foaming temperature, the amount of foaming agent, and controlling the foaming time.
  • the body 100 may also be provided with a communication bubble 104, which is provided with a vent, and communicates with the outside of the body 100 through the vent. Since the communication bubble 104 does not form a closed space, the squeezing force Under the action, the communication bubble 104 will not rupture, so that the battery buffer pad 10 always has a rebound force, thereby ensuring a reliable pretension force in the battery module.
  • a communication bubble 104 which is provided with a vent, and communicates with the outside of the body 100 through the vent. Since the communication bubble 104 does not form a closed space, the squeezing force Under the action, the communication bubble 104 will not rupture, so that the battery buffer pad 10 always has a rebound force, thereby ensuring a reliable pretension force in the battery module.
  • the body 100 is made of an elastic insulating material, and the body 100 has a flat structure to form a smooth contact support for the pouch-shaped battery 14 to prevent damage to the pouch-shaped battery 14 or deform the surface of the pouch-shaped battery 14.
  • the elastic insulating material may include rubber, silicon foam, polyurethane foam, and the like.
  • the thickness of the body 100 is 0.5 mm-20 mm.
  • the battery cushion 10 can provide a certain pretension for the battery pack 14 and still leave a compression space.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for forming a battery buffer pad, including:
  • fragile cells are formed in the body; the fragile cells at least include the first cell and the second cell, the bursting pressure of the first cell is less than that of the second cell, so that the battery
  • the cushion can release the compression space in a gradient under different squeezing forces.
  • controlling the foaming process so that the formation of fragile cells in the body includes:
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for forming a battery module, including:
  • the battery buffer pad is formed by the method for forming a battery buffer pad provided by any embodiment of the present application.
  • pressing the pouch-type battery against the battery cushion includes:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池缓冲垫（10）及成型方法、电池模组及成型方法，电池缓冲垫（10）包括本体（100）和易裂泡孔（102），所述易裂泡孔（102）设置于所述本体（100）内，所述易裂泡孔（102）至少包括第一泡孔（1020）和第二泡孔（1022），所述第一泡孔（1020）的破裂压力小于所述第二泡孔（1022）的破裂压力，以使所述电池缓冲垫（10）能够在不同挤压力作用下梯度释放压缩空间。电池缓冲垫（10）既能够满足电池模组组装时的预紧力要求，又能够有效缓解电池模组使用时产生的膨胀力。

Description

电池缓冲垫及成型方法、电池模组及成型方法
本申请要求于2018年10月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为201821712200.X、发明名称为“电池缓冲垫以及电池模组”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池缓冲垫以及电池模组。
背景技术
电池模组通常包括多个电池，电池模组在组装时，电池模组内需要有一定的预紧力，以对电池形成可靠固定，并保证电池反应界面的接触良好。在电池模组内通常需要设计电池缓冲垫，通过压缩电池缓冲垫产生的反作用力实现电池模组内的预紧力要求。
此外，电池模组在使用时，电池会不断膨胀，使电池缓冲垫不断压缩，电池缓冲垫产生的反作用力不断增大，从而在电池模组内产生较大的膨胀力，容易导致电池模组失效，影响到电池模组的使用寿命。
因此，亟需一种电池缓冲垫，既能够满足电池模组组装时的预紧力要求，又能够有效缓解电池模组使用时产生的膨胀力。
申请内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种电池缓冲垫以及成型方法、软包电池模组及成型方法，既能够满足电池模组组装时的预紧力要求，又能够有效缓解电池模组使用时产生的膨胀力。
本申请的第一方面提供了一种电池缓冲垫，其包括：
本体；
易裂泡孔，设置于所述本体内，所述易裂泡孔至少包括第一泡孔和第二泡孔，所述第一泡孔的破裂压力小于所述第二泡孔的破裂压力，以使所述电池缓冲垫能够在不同挤压力作用下梯度释放压缩空间。
可选地，所述第一泡孔的孔径大于所述第二泡孔的孔径。
可选地，所述易裂泡孔的孔径为10um-1mm。
可选地，所述第一泡孔的孔壁的最小壁厚小于所述第二泡孔的孔壁的最小壁厚。
可选地，所述易裂泡孔的孔壁的壁厚为1um-0.3mm。
可选地，所述易裂泡孔均匀分布于所述本体内，且所述易裂泡孔与所述本体的体积比为40％～90％。
可选地，所述本体内还设有连通泡孔，所述连通泡孔设有通气口，并通过所述通气口连通所述本体的外部。
可选地，所述本体由弹性绝缘材质制成，所述本体具有平板状结构。
可选地，所述本体的厚度为0.5mm-20mm。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种软包电池模组，其包括：
至少两个袋型电池，沿所述袋型电池的厚度方向依次排列；
电池缓冲垫，所述电池缓冲垫采用本申请提供的任意一种电池缓冲垫，设置于所述袋型电池单元之间；
所述袋型电池压紧所述电池缓冲垫。
本申请的第三方面提供了一种电池缓冲垫的成型方法，包括：
通过控制发泡流程，使本体内形成易裂泡孔；所述易裂泡孔至少包括第一泡孔和第二泡孔，所述第一泡孔的破裂压力小于所述第二泡孔的破裂压力，以使所述电池缓冲垫能够在不同挤压力作用下梯度释放压缩空间。
可选地，所述控制发泡流程，使本体内形成易裂泡孔包括：
控制发泡流程，使所述第一泡孔和所述第二泡孔在所述本体的纵截面以及所述本体的横截面上均匀分布。
本申请第四方面提供了一种电池模组的成型方法，包括：
将袋型电池压紧电池缓冲垫；所述电池缓冲垫由本申请提供的电池缓冲垫的成型方法成型。
可选地，所述将袋型电池压紧电池缓冲垫包括：
将所述袋型电池沿自身厚度方向依次排列；
将所述电池缓冲垫设置于所述袋型电池之间。
本申请提供的技术方案可以达到以下有益效果：
本申请提供的电池缓冲垫的本体内设有易裂泡孔，易裂泡孔至少包括第一泡孔和第二泡孔，其中第一泡孔的破裂压力小于第二泡孔的破裂压力，当电池在使用过程中发生膨胀时，电池缓冲垫产生压缩变形，随着电池缓冲垫不断压缩，电池模组内的膨胀力不断增大，当电池模组内的膨胀力达到第一泡孔的破裂压力时，第一泡孔破裂并释放压缩空间，减小电池模组内的膨胀力，第二泡孔不发生破裂，维持电池模组内的预紧力。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的电池模组的结构示意图；
图2为图1模组单元的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请提供的电池缓冲垫的断面结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-模组单元；
10-电池缓冲垫；
100-本体；
102-易裂泡孔；
1020-第一泡孔；
1022-第二泡孔；
104-连通泡孔；
12-固定框架；
120-电芯容纳腔；
14-袋型电池；
16-导热板；
2-金属外框；
3-线束隔离板；
4-端板。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
如图1-图3所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池模组，其包括至少两个(多个)袋型电池14和电池缓冲垫10。其中，袋型电池14沿自身厚度方向依次排列；电池缓冲垫10设置于袋型电池14之间，且袋型电池14压紧电池缓冲垫10，从而使袋型电池14达到设定的预紧力要求；在电池模组的使用过程中发生膨胀时，电池缓冲垫10能够释放压缩空间，有效缓解电池模组内的膨胀力。
上述电池模组还可以包括金属外框2，金属外框2设置成U型结构，金属外框2的两个侧壁分别与电池模组沿袋型电池14的厚度方向的两端接触，使多个袋型电池14与电池缓冲垫10能够相互压紧，以达到电池模组内的预紧力要求，防止电池模组产生松动；U型结构的两端(沿袋型电池14的长度方向的两端)可以设置端板4，端板4焊接于U型结构的两端，并与U型结构共同构成电池模组的外壳，对电池模组起到整体防护作用。多个袋型电池14可以通过线束隔离板3实现电连接。
如图2所示，本申请提供电池模组还可以包括固定框架12，固定框架12、电池缓冲垫10和袋型电池14构成模组单元，简化电池模组的装配，且使袋型电池14和电池缓冲垫10的固定更可靠。电池缓冲垫10设置于固定框架12内，并将固定框架12沿自身厚度方向分隔为至少两个电芯容纳腔120；袋型电池14设置于电芯容纳腔120内，并压紧电池缓冲垫10，。电池缓冲垫10两侧的袋型电池14能够共用一个电池缓冲垫10，减小电池缓冲垫10的数量，从而减小电池模组的体积，增大电池模组的能量密度。
进一步地，上述模组单元1还可以包括导热板16，导热板16可以为铝板等导热性较好的金属板，导热板16设置于袋型电池14背离电池缓冲垫10的一侧，降低袋型电池14背离电池缓冲垫10的一侧的温度，从而控制袋型电池14向固定框架12的中央位置膨胀。
如图3所示，本申请提供的电池缓冲垫10包括本体100和易裂泡孔102，易裂泡孔102设置于本体100内。电池模组组装时，电池缓冲垫10产生压缩变形，达到电池模组内的预紧力要求；电池模组在使用时，电池膨胀，电池缓冲垫10的不断压缩，在挤压力的作用下，易裂泡孔102能够破裂并释放压缩空间，从而有效缓解电池模组内的膨胀力。其中，易裂泡孔102至少包括第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022，第一泡孔1020的破裂压力小于第二泡孔1022的破裂压力，从而使电池缓冲垫10根据挤压作用力的大小不同，按照梯度释放压缩空间。也就是说，随着电池缓冲垫10不断压缩，电池模组内的膨胀力不断增大，第一泡孔1020首先破裂并释放压缩空间，减小电池模组内的膨胀力，第二泡孔1022不发生破裂，维持电池模组内的预紧力，能够有效延长电池模组的使用寿命。可以理解地是，电池缓冲垫10还可以设置多种破裂压力不同的易裂泡孔102，从而形成更多的梯度，分层释放压缩空间，更好地适应电池模组内的膨胀力。
进一步地，易裂泡孔102可以包括至少两种孔径不同的泡孔。第一泡孔1020的孔径较大，破裂压力较小，且能提供较大的压缩空间，第一泡孔1020破裂时能够释放较大的压缩空间，有效减小电池模组内的膨胀力；第二泡孔1022的孔径较小，破裂压力较大，且能提供较小的压缩空间和较大的反作用力，以在第一泡孔1020破裂后维持电池模组内的预紧力；从而可以同时保证袋型电池的压缩空间和预紧力要求。
优选地，易裂泡孔102的孔径为10um～1mm，易于实现，且能够满足压缩空间要求和预紧力要求。在此范围内，易裂泡孔102的孔径可以按照至少两个区段进行合理分布，相邻两个区段可以连续也可以相互间隔。优选相邻两个区段相互间隔(例如第一泡孔1020的孔径10um～300um，第二泡孔1022的孔径为500um～1mm)，以使第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022的破裂压力具有明显区别。
进一步地，易裂泡孔102可以包括至少两种孔壁的最小壁厚不同的泡 孔。第一泡孔1020的孔壁的最小壁厚较薄，破裂压力较小；第二泡孔1022的孔壁的最小壁厚较厚，破裂压力较大。由于易裂泡孔102的孔壁的壁厚并不均匀，而易裂泡孔102的破裂通常发生在壁厚最小的薄弱位置，因此只需使易裂泡孔102的孔壁的最小壁厚不同即可实现梯度破裂，通过控制易裂泡孔102的孔壁的最小壁厚，使易裂泡孔102的梯度破裂更易于控制，操作方便。
由于易裂泡孔102的孔壁的最小壁厚过薄时，易裂泡孔102容易在预紧力作用下即产生破裂而失效；而易裂泡孔102的孔壁的最小壁厚过厚时，易裂泡孔102在较大的挤压力作用下也不易破裂而失去缓冲作用。因此本实施例提供的易裂泡孔102的孔壁的最小壁厚优选为1um～0.3mm。
进一步地，易裂泡孔102均匀分布于本体100内，包括在本体100的纵截面上(沿本体100的厚度方向的截面)的均匀分布，以及在本体100的横截面上(沿本体100的延伸方向的截面)的均匀分布，从而使电池缓冲垫10在任意方向上具有完全相同的压缩性能，从而使电池缓冲垫10能够均匀压缩，使袋型电池14的侧面与电池缓冲垫10之间能够可靠接触，不发生倾斜，从而保证电池反应界面的接触良好。
具体地，当易裂泡孔102包括第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022时，第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022均匀混合且均匀分布与本体100内，即第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022不分层，这种实施方式易于操作，且使电池缓冲垫10在自身厚度方向上各处的压缩性能完全相同。
可选地，第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022可以(沿电池缓冲垫10的厚度方向)分层设置，在各层内第一泡孔1020和第二泡孔1022各自均匀分布于所在层面，使电池缓冲垫10能够分层释放压缩空间，从而使电池缓冲垫10能够均匀压缩。
优选地，易裂泡孔102与本体100的体积比为40％～90％，以使电池缓冲垫10同时具有良好的压缩性能和回弹力。
具体地，可以通过控制发泡流程控制泡孔的孔径和壁厚，包括控制发泡温度、发泡剂的量以及控制发泡时间。
进一步地，本体100内还可以设有连通泡孔104，连通泡孔104设有通气口，并通过通气口连通本体100的外部，由于连通泡孔104没有形成 封闭空间，因此在挤压力的作用下，连通泡孔104不会破裂，从而使电池缓冲垫10始终具有回弹力，从而保证电池模组内达到可靠的预紧力。
进一步地，本体100由弹性绝缘材质制成，本体100具有平板状结构，以对袋型电池14形成平稳的接触支撑，防止损伤袋型电池14，或使袋型电池14的表面产生变形。具体地，弹性绝缘材质可以包括橡胶、硅泡棉、聚氨酯泡棉等。
优选地，本体100的厚度为0.5mm-20mm，使袋型电池14压紧电池缓冲垫10之后，电池缓冲垫10能够对袋型电池14提供一定的预紧力，且仍留有压缩空间。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池缓冲垫的成型方法，包括：
通过控制发泡流程，使本体内形成易裂泡孔；易裂泡孔至少包括第一泡孔和第二泡孔，第一泡孔的破裂压力小于第二泡孔的破裂压力，以使电池缓冲垫能够在不同挤压力作用下梯度释放压缩空间。
可选地，控制发泡流程，使本体内形成易裂泡孔包括：
控制发泡流程，使第一泡孔和第二泡孔在本体的纵截面以及本体的横截面上均匀分布。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池模组的成型方法，包括：
将袋型电池压紧电池缓冲垫；电池缓冲垫由本申请任意实施例提供的电池缓冲垫的成型方法成型。
可选地，将袋型电池压紧电池缓冲垫包括：
将袋型电池沿自身厚度方向依次排列；
将电池缓冲垫设置于袋型电池之间。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，包括：
    本体；
    易裂泡孔，设置于所述本体内，所述易裂泡孔至少包括第一泡孔和第二泡孔，所述第一泡孔的破裂压力小于所述第二泡孔的破裂压力，以使所述电池缓冲垫能够在不同挤压力作用下梯度释放压缩空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述第一泡孔的孔径大于所述第二泡孔的孔径。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述易裂泡孔的孔径为10um-1mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述第一泡孔的孔壁的最小壁厚小于所述第二泡孔的孔壁的最小壁厚。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述易裂泡孔的孔壁的壁厚为1um-0.3mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述易裂泡孔均匀分布于所述本体内，且所述易裂泡孔与所述本体的体积比为40％～90％。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述本体内还设有连通泡孔，所述连通泡孔设有通气口，并通过所述通气口连通所述本体的外部。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述本体由弹性绝缘材质制成，所述本体具有平板状结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的电池缓冲垫，其特征在于，所述本体的厚度为0.5mm-20mm。
  10. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括：
    至少两个袋型电池，沿所述袋型电池的厚度方向依次排列；
    电池缓冲垫，所述电池缓冲垫采用权利要求1-9任一所述的电池缓冲垫，设置于所述袋型电池单元之间；
    所述袋型电池压紧所述电池缓冲垫。
  11. 一种电池缓冲垫的成型方法，其特征在于，包括：
    通过控制发泡流程，使本体内形成易裂泡孔；所述易裂泡孔至少包括第一泡孔和第二泡孔，所述第一泡孔的破裂压力小于所述第二泡孔的破裂压力，以使所述电池缓冲垫能够在不同挤压力作用下梯度释放压缩空间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的成型方法，其特征在于，所述控制发泡流程，使本体内形成易裂泡孔包括：
    控制发泡流程，使所述第一泡孔和所述第二泡孔在所述本体的纵截面以及所述本体的横截面上均匀分布。
  13. 一种电池模组的成型方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将袋型电池压紧电池缓冲垫；所述电池缓冲垫由权利要求11-12任一项所述的电池缓冲垫的成型方法成型。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的成型方法，其特征在于，所述将袋型电池压紧电池缓冲垫包括：
    将所述袋型电池沿自身厚度方向依次排列；
    将所述电池缓冲垫设置于所述袋型电池之间。
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