WO2020034174A1 - Building design partitioning method and application thereof - Google Patents

Building design partitioning method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034174A1
WO2020034174A1 PCT/CN2018/100945 CN2018100945W WO2020034174A1 WO 2020034174 A1 WO2020034174 A1 WO 2020034174A1 CN 2018100945 W CN2018100945 W CN 2018100945W WO 2020034174 A1 WO2020034174 A1 WO 2020034174A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
house
design
divided
size
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PCT/CN2018/100945
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张剑
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张剑
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Publication of WO2020034174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020034174A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34331—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by three-dimensional elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for dividing a house design and its application, and belongs to the field of fabricated building technology.
  • a building made of prefabricated parts at a construction site is called a prefabricated building.
  • a large number of building components in prefabricated buildings are produced and processed by the factory workshop.
  • the types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.
  • box buildings In prefabricated buildings, there is a category called box buildings.
  • the structural system of the box building refers to the connection of the wall and floor of the room in the factory to form a box-shaped prefabricated whole, and at the same time complete the installation of some or all of its internal equipment doors and windows, bathrooms, kitchens, appliances, HVAC installation and wall Construction and other work are delivered to the site for construction and assembled directly or combined with other prefabricated components and cast-in-situ structures to build a completed house system.
  • the structural unit of a box building is a structural piece with a certain space
  • Size restrictions Generally, these building structural units need to be transported to the construction site. Regardless of the mode of transport, there are certain size restrictions.
  • the height limit for road transportation is generally 4.8 meters. Except for the height of the board, which is 1.2 meters, the height dimension of the transport items cannot exceed 3.6 meters.
  • the road transportation limit is generally required to be within 2.4 meters. For large items, it can be extended to 3.5 meters.
  • the maximum size is generally 12 meters.
  • the size of the building box is limited by the size of the internal space of the container.
  • the internal size of a common 40HC container is 12.032m ⁇ 2.352m ⁇ 2.69m.
  • the building box of the prior art is designed as a long cylindrical structural unit, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1; a plurality of long cylindrical structural units are connected, and the structure is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the structural skeleton in most of the long cylindrical structural units is shown in Figure 3.
  • the structural skeleton is made of aluminum, light steel, etc., and the whole frame is obtained by pouring. It can be seen that the left and right wall surfaces of these long cylindrical structural units are load-bearing structural surfaces. The existence of these structural surfaces makes the house divided into several narrow spaces. In these narrow and long spaces, the house has a small opening and is too long to meet the actual use needs. If these load-bearing structural plane structures are removed to expand the use of space, the house cannot meet the load-bearing requirements and safety is affected.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is that in the existing box building, the design of the house has a small opening, and the depth is too long, which is difficult to meet the actual use requirements.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to meet the safety of the house, not only to solve the size limitation during transportation, reduce the transportation cost, but also to solve the comfort of the house and expand the use space.
  • the invention divides a house design with a large use space, divides it into several building boxes (units), and then prefabricates these divided units, respectively, to obtain a series of building structural modules, and then performs these building structural modules according to the design.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved by splicing.
  • the house design determines the final house structure. In order to obtain a house with a large use space, the house design must be divided into several units that meet the transportation size requirements.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for dividing a house design.
  • the method is to divide a house design into several units so that the size of each unit does not exceed the transportation limit;
  • the transport width is divided by a limited size; each unit is connected at least by the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side in turn to form a cavity;
  • the size of each unit in the left-right direction is the length, and the size in the front-rear direction is the width
  • the size along the up-down direction is height, where the length of the unit is greater than the width;
  • the front-back direction of the unit is the depth direction of the house, and the left-right direction of the unit is the house opening direction.
  • the dividing line dividing the house floor plan is 45 ° -90 ° from the depth direction of the house, and the house design depth is divided along the dividing line.
  • the dividing line is at an angle of 45 ° -90 ° with the depth of the house, which is an angle of 0 ° -45 ° with the opening of the house.
  • the dividing line is at an angle of 60 ° -90 ° with the depth direction of the house. More preferably, the dividing line is perpendicular to the depth direction of the house.
  • the height of the unit does not exceed the transport height limit size (generally 3.6m).
  • the length of the unit does not exceed the transport size limit (typically 12m).
  • the width of the unit cannot exceed the limited size of the transport width (generally 2.5m, and the maximum width does not exceed 3.5m).
  • the size in the length direction is usually not limited. It has basically met the size required for the construction of the house, and the length can be controlled at 7-12m.
  • the height of the house is generally controlled at 2.5-3.6m, and the height can generally meet the transportation height size limit.
  • the problem caused by the limitation of the transport width is more prominent.
  • the transport width generally does not exceed 3.5m, that is, the size of the house is difficult to exceed 3.5m. Goods with a width of 2.5-3.5m are oversized goods, and the transportation cost is very high, which further limits the size of the house.
  • the width of the transportation size limit is limited to 2.5m or less, preferably 2.3m or less.
  • the width of the unit can be 1.2-2.5m, 1.2-2.4m, 1.2-2.3m, 1.4-2.5m, 1.5-2.5m, 1.5-2.3m, 1.6-1.9m.
  • the units of the present invention achieve the purpose of expanding the use space while splicing.
  • the bottom surface, top surface, left side, and right side of the unit are designed as a load-bearing structural surface integrally cast.
  • the front and rear sides of the unit are non-load-bearing structural surfaces and are generally not filled.
  • multiple units can be spliced (combined) along their front-to-back direction so that they are no longer limited by space size.
  • the house obtained by this unit splicing can easily obtain the overall space of 30 square meters, 60 square meters, or even 100 square meters or more, and can ensure that the depth of the room and the open space are large, avoiding the long cylindrical housing structure.
  • load-bearing structural members may be provided inside the unit to enhance the overall strength of the unit.
  • the load-bearing structure is integrally cast with the bottom, top, left, and right sides of the unit.
  • the load-bearing structural member may be a load-bearing column, a load-bearing beam, or a load-bearing wall.
  • the load-bearing columns and beams will basically not affect the size of the overall space. Even if a load-bearing wall surface is provided, a door can be provided on the load-bearing wall surface to communicate the space on both sides of the load-bearing wall surface. For example, when the length of the unit is 12m, a load-bearing wall is set in the unit and the length is divided into 7m and 5m to obtain a large bay of 7m and 5m.
  • the load-bearing wall surface inside the unit need not be provided as a whole wall, so that a part of the space inside the unit can communicate.
  • the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides.
  • the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides.
  • one, two or three load-bearing wall surfaces can be provided.
  • the load-bearing structural member is a load-bearing wall surface, and the load-bearing wall surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface and the top surface.
  • the load-bearing wall surface and the left and right sides are parallel to each other.
  • the bottom and top surfaces of the unit are parallel to each other, and the left and right surfaces are parallel to each other.
  • the bottom surface and the left surface are perpendicular to each other.
  • the unit can be in the shape of a rectangular cavity, or it can be in the shape of a non-rectangular cavity to adapt to the construction of different houses.
  • the unit is a rectangular cavity.
  • the unit further includes a front side and / or a rear side, and the front side and / or the rear side of the unit are non-load bearing structural surfaces. In some cases, it can also be constructed as a unit with five or even six sides as a load-bearing structure.
  • Doors and / or windows are generally designed on the non-load bearing structural surface. If necessary, doors and / or windows can also be designed on the load-bearing structural surface without affecting the strength of the structure. Doors are usually installed in a non-load-bearing wall inside the unit.
  • connection bolts and / or connection boxes which are used to expand the space in the three-dimensional direction. At the same time, they can also be used as load-bearing members for lifting.
  • Embedded water, electricity and gas pipelines are designed in the unit.
  • the unit's load-bearing structure is prefabricated from reinforced concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete. To reduce weight, ultra-high-performance concrete is preferred.
  • the units obtained after the division are spliced to obtain a house.
  • the house includes several units; the unit is an integrally cast and integrated structure of the factory, and the units are connected at least by the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side in order to form a cavity; the width of the unit is: The design depth of the house is divided into several units according to the limited size of the transport width, and the width dimension of the unit is the width dimension of the divided unit; the size of the unit in the left-right direction is the length and the size in the front-rear direction is the width Dimensions in the up-down direction are height, and the length of the unit is greater than the width; in the same floor of the house, several units are spliced in order along the front-to-back direction of the unit; The orientation of the house.
  • the opening represents the width of the house
  • the depth represents the length of the house.
  • the depth of a house is greater than the depth of the room, but there are also cases where the depth of the house is less than the depth of the room.
  • the width of the unit is used to form the length of the house, that is, the depth
  • the length of the unit is used as the width of the house, that is, the room. Because the length of the unit is less restricted in transportation, the transportation length limit of no more than 12m is sufficient to meet the needs of most of the house design booths, and the depth of the house can be expanded by splicing, no longer limited by the size of the transportation.
  • the units are also spliced along the direction of the house's bay. And, the unit is spliced in the vertical (up and down) direction. That is, the unit can be stitched and combined in three-dimensional directions (front-back, left-right, up-down).
  • the house is fixed by a plurality of units through connection bolts and connection boxes which are embedded in the unit.
  • connection bolts and connection boxes which are embedded in the unit.
  • the invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned division method.
  • the units after the house design is divided are integrally poured and prefabricated in the factory to obtain the building structure module, and then the building structure module is transported to the site (site) and connected to the house in the direction of the house's depth. .
  • the building structure module and unit are completely corresponding.
  • the unit is actually the building structure module in the house design; the corresponding building structure module is manufactured in the factory according to the design of each unit.
  • Building structural module means that the structural module is used in the building.
  • the “module” means that the building can be composed of multiple units.
  • the "structure” refers to the strength of the module in the building and the load-bearing effect. .
  • This application is a method of building a house, which includes the following steps:
  • the building structural module corresponding to the unit is prefabricated in the factory
  • the house is divided into multiple layers, and then each layer is divided into multiple units.
  • the depth of the house should be divided according to the direction of the depth (or parallel to the direction of the bay). Of course, it can also be at a certain angle, such as dividing the depth of the house in a direction within 45 ° with the opening direction.
  • the floor slab (bottom surface, top surface) and wall slab (left side, right side) of the present invention are an integrally formed structure, which ensures the overall strength of the building.
  • connection member such as a box connection member commonly used in the building-connecting bolts and connection boxes. Therefore, a plurality of units can be combined and connected very conveniently.
  • the structural strength of this kind of house has been obtained when the factory is prefabricated, and concrete is not required to be poured on the construction site during construction, which greatly shortens the construction period.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention divides the house design and divides it into several units. These units can not only meet the transport limited size, but also expand the house's use space by splicing without affecting the structural strength of the house.
  • the limitation of the transportation size of the house's use space makes the dimensions of the house in both the bay and the depth larger, which meets the needs of most house constructions, and has achieved a good comprehensive effect. It has strong practicability and is widely used. .
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of connecting a plurality of structural units in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 3 shows a skeleton structure of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of three units of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the left-right direction.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the up-down direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units divided into each unit of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units connected in FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of each floor in FIG. 12 connected to the whole house.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another structure of the unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 shows the division method of the house plan.
  • the unit in which the house design is divided according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the unit includes a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4.
  • the bottom surface 1, the top surface. 2.
  • the left side 3 and the right side 4 surround a long square cavity. Each side of the rectangular cavity is rectangular.
  • the length of the unit is the length of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2
  • the width of the unit is the width of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2
  • the height of the unit is the height of the left side 3 and the right side 4. It can be seen that the unit in FIG. 1 is structurally different from the unit in FIG. 4.
  • the unit has a length of 12 meters, a width of 2.4 meters, and a height of 2.9 meters. Due to the large span of the long side, two load-bearing wall surfaces 5 are designed for each interval within the unit.
  • the bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left surface 3, and right surface 4 of the unit, and two load bearing wall surfaces 5 are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are integrally cast.
  • the interior of the unit can also No bearing wall 5 is provided.
  • the unit has no front and rear sides, or the front and right sides of the unit are not filled with objects. Therefore, the units can be spliced in the front-back direction to expand the area of the used space.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure after splicing is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • Non-load-bearing structural surfaces can be set on the front or rear side of some units, and non-load-bearing components such as doors and windows can be set here.
  • the unit of the present invention can be spliced not only in the front-back direction, but also in the left-right direction and in the up-down direction.
  • the structural schematic diagram of the left-right direction splicing is shown in FIG. 7, and the structural schematic diagram of the vertical direction splicing is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the specific connection method of each unit is the prior art, for example, a steel structure screw and a connection box can be arranged at each corner of the unit to be fixedly connected to each other.
  • a house can be divided into multiple stacked and spliced units, and these units can be prefabricated in the factory, and all decoration such as water, electricity, doors and windows can be installed. After transportation to the site, it only needs to be hoisted and the docking pipeline can move in.
  • segmentation and splicing method of the present invention is described in detail below according to a specific house.
  • Figure 9 shows a small three-story building to be built, each floor is divided into A and B units.
  • the small building is designed to be 21 meters long (A household is 12 meters long and B household is 9 meters long), with a maximum width of 6.9 meters. Windows are set in the front and rear directions of the house for daylighting.
  • the three-story small building can be divided according to the specific architectural design: first, the three-story single-story structure is obtained by dividing by layers.
  • the schematic diagram of each layer is shown in Figure 10; , B is divided into two households, and each unit is divided into three units (as shown in Figure 11): A unit is divided into 2.3m ⁇ 12m, 2.3m ⁇ 12m and 2.3m ⁇ 10m. Units are divided into 2.3m ⁇ 9m, 2.3m ⁇ 9m and 2.3m ⁇ 7m units.
  • the way of dividing the house shown in FIG. 13 is to divide up and down, left and right, and front and rear directions according to the lines shown on the top and right sides in FIG. 13 and each floor.
  • the shape of the divided unit is shown in FIG. 14.
  • this unit there are only a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4, and these four surfaces surround a square cavity.
  • the length of the unit (that is, the length of the bottom surface 1) is 4m, and because the length of the unit is relatively small, there are no other load-bearing components inside.
  • a floor plan of a design unit is divided, and the floor plan of the unit is shown in FIG. 15 (the unit of the figure is mm).
  • This apartment has an opening of 9000mm and a depth of 7314mm.
  • the opening of the dining room is 4300mm
  • the opening of the bedroom connected to the dining room is 4700mm.
  • the wall surface with the oblique section line is a load-bearing wall surface
  • the other is a non-load-bearing wall surface.
  • It can be divided according to the two darkest solid black lines (that is, the dividing line) in FIG. 15 and divided into 3 units, each unit has a width of 2438 mm, and the length of two units is 9000 mm. These units are then manufactured separately and finally stitched together.

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Abstract

A building design partitioning method and application thereof, pertaining to the technical field of prefabricated buildings. The method comprises partitioning a building design into multiple units, wherein the size of each unit does not exceed a transportation dimension limitation. The single-story building design is partitioned such that the length of the building design does not exceed a transportation width limitation. Each unit is formed by sequentially connecting at least a bottom surface, a left side surface, a top surface, and a right side surface, so as to form a cavity. In each unit, a left-right direction serves as the length, a front-rear direction serves as the width, and a vertical direction serves as the height, wherein the length of the unit is greater than the width of the unit. The front-rear direction of the unit corresponds to a conventional length direction of a building, and the left-right direction of the unit corresponds to a conventional width direction of a building. The dimensions of the units obtained by the partitioning method meet transportation dimension requirements, and joining the units expands the usable space of the building, thereby overcoming the limitation in which the usable space of a building is limited by transportation dimensions.

Description

一种房屋设计的分割方法及其应用Segmentation method of house design and its application 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种房屋设计的分割方法及其应用，属于装配式建筑技术领域。The invention relates to a method for dividing a house design and its application, and belongs to the field of fabricated building technology.
背景技术Background technique
由预制部件在工地装配而成的建筑，称为装配式建筑。装配式建筑中大量的建筑部件由工厂车间生产加工完成，构件种类主要有：外墙板，内墙板，叠合板，阳台，空调板，楼梯，预制梁，预制柱等。A building made of prefabricated parts at a construction site is called a prefabricated building. A large number of building components in prefabricated buildings are produced and processed by the factory workshop. The types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.
在装配式建筑中，有一类称为盒子建筑。盒子建筑的结构体系是指在工厂中将房间的墙体与楼板连在一起制成箱型预制整体，同时完成其内部部分或全部设备门窗、卫浴、厨房、电器、暖通的安装及墙面装修等工作，运至现场施工后，直接组装在一起，或与其他预制构件及现浇结构相结合，建成的房屋体系。In prefabricated buildings, there is a category called box buildings. The structural system of the box building refers to the connection of the wall and floor of the room in the factory to form a box-shaped prefabricated whole, and at the same time complete the installation of some or all of its internal equipment doors and windows, bathrooms, kitchens, appliances, HVAC installation and wall Renovation and other work are delivered to the site for construction and assembled directly or combined with other prefabricated components and cast-in-situ structures to build a completed house system.
由于盒子建筑的结构单元是具有一定空间的结构件，现有的盒子建筑存在一个很大的矛盾：在实际使用时，希望使用空间越大越好；而在这些结构单元在运输时，又存在一定的尺寸限制。通常来说，这些建筑结构单元需要运输到施工工地。不管什么运输方式，都存在一定的尺寸限制。比如公路运输限高，一般是4.8米，除去车板高度1.2米，运输物品的高度尺寸不能超过3.6米；公路运输限宽，一般要求在2.4米以内，对于大件物品，可以扩大至3.5米左右，但是会大大地提高运输的成本；在长度方向上，最大尺寸一般为12米。比如，利用集装箱进行运输，建筑盒子的尺寸受到集装箱内部空间尺寸的限制，常见的40HC集装箱的内尺寸为12.032m×2.352m×2.69m。Because the structural unit of a box building is a structural piece with a certain space, there is a big contradiction in the existing box building: in actual use, it is desirable to use as much space as possible; and when these structural units are in transportation, there is a certain amount of space. Size restrictions. Generally, these building structural units need to be transported to the construction site. Regardless of the mode of transport, there are certain size restrictions. For example, the height limit for road transportation is generally 4.8 meters. Except for the height of the board, which is 1.2 meters, the height dimension of the transport items cannot exceed 3.6 meters. The road transportation limit is generally required to be within 2.4 meters. For large items, it can be extended to 3.5 meters. Left and right, but it will greatly increase the cost of transportation; in the length direction, the maximum size is generally 12 meters. For example, when using a container for transportation, the size of the building box is limited by the size of the internal space of the container. The internal size of a common 40HC container is 12.032m × 2.352m × 2.69m.
由于受到运输尺寸限制，现有技术的建筑盒子设计成长筒型的结构单元，其结构如图1所示；将多个长筒型的结构单元连接，其结构如图2所示。大多数的长筒型结构单元中的结构骨架如图3所示，结构骨架由铝、轻钢等制成整体框架，再进行浇筑得到。可以看出，这些长筒型结构单元的左、右墙面为承重的结构面，这些结构面的存在使房屋被分割成若干狭长的空间。这些狭长空间中，房屋的开间很小，进深过长，难以满足实际使用需求。若拆除这些承重的结构面结构以扩展使用空间，则房屋无法满足承重要求，安全性受到影响。Due to the limitation of transportation size, the building box of the prior art is designed as a long cylindrical structural unit, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1; a plurality of long cylindrical structural units are connected, and the structure is shown in FIG. 2. The structural skeleton in most of the long cylindrical structural units is shown in Figure 3. The structural skeleton is made of aluminum, light steel, etc., and the whole frame is obtained by pouring. It can be seen that the left and right wall surfaces of these long cylindrical structural units are load-bearing structural surfaces. The existence of these structural surfaces makes the house divided into several narrow spaces. In these narrow and long spaces, the house has a small opening and is too long to meet the actual use needs. If these load-bearing structural plane structures are removed to expand the use of space, the house cannot meet the load-bearing requirements and safety is affected.
因此，使用建筑盒子制造房屋时，难以设计出既满足使用空间需求，又满足运输尺寸的要求的建筑盒子及房屋。Therefore, when manufacturing a building using a building box, it is difficult to design a building box and a house that can satisfy both the use space requirement and the transportation size requirements.
发明内容Summary of the Invention
本发明解决的技术问题是，现有的盒子建筑中，房屋设计的开间很小，进深又过长，难以满足实际使用需求。The technical problem solved by the present invention is that in the existing box building, the design of the house has a small opening, and the depth is too long, which is difficult to meet the actual use requirements.
本发明的目的是，在满足房屋安全性的前提下，既要解决运输时受到的尺寸限制，降低运输成本，又要解决房屋使用的舒适性，扩大使用空间。The purpose of the present invention is to meet the safety of the house, not only to solve the size limitation during transportation, reduce the transportation cost, but also to solve the comfort of the house and expand the use space.
本发明是将具有大的使用空间的房屋设计进行分割，分成若干个建筑盒子(单元)，再分别预制这些分割后的单元，得到一系列的建筑结构模块，再将这些建筑结构模块按设计进行拼接，即可实现本发明目的。The invention divides a house design with a large use space, divides it into several building boxes (units), and then prefabricates these divided units, respectively, to obtain a series of building structural modules, and then performs these building structural modules according to the design. The object of the present invention can be achieved by splicing.
由于房屋的建造是按照设计图纸进行施工的。因此，房屋设计决定了最终的房屋结构。要想获得较大使用空间的房屋，就必须要将房屋设计分割成若干个满足运输尺寸要求的单元。As the construction of the house was carried out in accordance with the design drawings. Therefore, the house design determines the final house structure. In order to obtain a house with a large use space, the house design must be divided into several units that meet the transportation size requirements.
本发明的技术方案是，提供一种房屋设计的分割方法，该方法是将房屋设计进行分割，分成若干单元，使每个单元的尺寸不超过运输限定尺寸；其中，将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸进行分割；每个单元至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；每个单元沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，其中，单元的长度大于宽度；单元的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，单元的左右方向是房屋的开间方向。The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for dividing a house design. The method is to divide a house design into several units so that the size of each unit does not exceed the transportation limit; The transport width is divided by a limited size; each unit is connected at least by the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side in turn to form a cavity; the size of each unit in the left-right direction is the length, and the size in the front-rear direction is the width The size along the up-down direction is height, where the length of the unit is greater than the width; the front-back direction of the unit is the depth direction of the house, and the left-right direction of the unit is the house opening direction.
对于房屋平面设计，将房屋平面设计进行分割的分割线与房屋的进深方向呈45°‐90°的夹角，沿该分割线对房屋设计进深进行分割。分割线与房屋的进深方向呈45°‐90°的夹角，也就是与房屋的开间方向呈0°‐45°的夹角。优选地，分割线与房屋的进深方向呈60°‐90°的夹角。更优选地，分割线与房屋的进深方向垂直。For the house floor plan, the dividing line dividing the house floor plan is 45 ° -90 ° from the depth direction of the house, and the house design depth is divided along the dividing line. The dividing line is at an angle of 45 ° -90 ° with the depth of the house, which is an angle of 0 ° -45 ° with the opening of the house. Preferably, the dividing line is at an angle of 60 ° -90 ° with the depth direction of the house. More preferably, the dividing line is perpendicular to the depth direction of the house.
对于一整栋房屋设计，可以将其分割成若干单层的房屋平面设计，再进行分割。For a whole house design, it can be divided into several single-story house plan designs and then divided.
为便于运输，所述单元的高度不超过运输高度限定尺寸(一般为3.6m)。所 述单元的长度不超过运输长度限定尺寸(一般为12m)。所述单元的宽度不能超过运输宽度限定尺寸(一般为2.5m，最宽不超过3.5m)。由于运输过程中，长度方向的尺寸通常限制不大，基本已经满足房屋的建造所需尺寸，长度可控制在7‐12m。房屋的高度一般控制在2.5‐3.6m，高度一般也可以满足运输高度尺寸限定。而运输宽度的限制产生的问题比较突出，运输宽度一般不超过3.5m，即房屋的开间尺寸很难突破3.5m。宽度在2.5‐3.5m的货物属于超限货物，运输成本很高，这进一步限制了房屋的开间尺寸。In order to facilitate transportation, the height of the unit does not exceed the transport height limit size (generally 3.6m). The length of the unit does not exceed the transport size limit (typically 12m). The width of the unit cannot exceed the limited size of the transport width (generally 2.5m, and the maximum width does not exceed 3.5m). During transportation, the size in the length direction is usually not limited. It has basically met the size required for the construction of the house, and the length can be controlled at 7-12m. The height of the house is generally controlled at 2.5-3.6m, and the height can generally meet the transportation height size limit. The problem caused by the limitation of the transport width is more prominent. The transport width generally does not exceed 3.5m, that is, the size of the house is difficult to exceed 3.5m. Goods with a width of 2.5-3.5m are oversized goods, and the transportation cost is very high, which further limits the size of the house.
一般来说，为节省运输成本，比如用集装箱运输，运输尺寸限制的宽度限定在2.5m以下、优选2.3m以下，具体来说，单元的宽度可以为：1.2‐2.5m，1.2‐2.4m，1.2‐2.3m，1.4‐2.5m，1.5‐2.5m，1.5‐2.3m，1.6‐1.9m。Generally, in order to save transportation costs, such as container transportation, the width of the transportation size limit is limited to 2.5m or less, preferably 2.3m or less. Specifically, the width of the unit can be 1.2-2.5m, 1.2-2.4m, 1.2-2.3m, 1.4-2.5m, 1.5-2.5m, 1.5-2.3m, 1.6-1.9m.
与现有的结构单元不同的是，本发明的单元在拼接的同时实现了扩展使用空间的目的。其中，单元的底面、顶面、左侧面和右侧面设计为一体浇筑成型的承重结构面。通常情况下，单元的前、后侧面为非承重结构面，一般不填充。此时，可以将多个单元沿其前后方向进行拼接(组合)，这样就不再受到空间尺寸的限制。Different from the existing structural units, the units of the present invention achieve the purpose of expanding the use space while splicing. Among them, the bottom surface, top surface, left side, and right side of the unit are designed as a load-bearing structural surface integrally cast. Under normal circumstances, the front and rear sides of the unit are non-load-bearing structural surfaces and are generally not filled. At this time, multiple units can be spliced (combined) along their front-to-back direction so that they are no longer limited by space size.
这种单元拼接得到的房屋可以非常容易地得到30平方、60平方甚至100平方以上的整体空间，且可以保证房间的进深与开间均较大，避免了长筒状的房屋结构。The house obtained by this unit splicing can easily obtain the overall space of 30 square meters, 60 square meters, or even 100 square meters or more, and can ensure that the depth of the room and the open space are large, avoiding the long cylindrical housing structure.
例如，单元的长度设计成12m，宽度设计为2.4m；将3个此种单元拼接，就可以得到12m×(2.4m×3)＝86.4m 2的大空间；将5个此种单元拼接，就可以得到12m×(2.4m×5)＝144m 2的超大空间。这些大空间均具有超大开间12m，不会影响进深的采光，具有较高的舒适性。 For example, the length of the unit is designed to be 12m, and the width is designed to be 2.4m. If three such units are spliced, a large space of 12m × (2.4m × 3) = 86.4m 2 can be obtained; A large space of 12m × (2.4m × 5) = 144m 2 can be obtained. These large spaces all have a large open space of 12m, which will not affect the deep daylighting, and has high comfort.
当单元的长度跨度较大时，可在其内部设承重结构件以增强该单元的整体强度。所述承重结构体与单元的底面、顶面、左侧面和右侧面一体浇筑成型。When the length of the unit is large, load-bearing structural members may be provided inside the unit to enhance the overall strength of the unit. The load-bearing structure is integrally cast with the bottom, top, left, and right sides of the unit.
所述承重结构件可以为承重柱、承重梁或承重墙面等。承重柱、承重梁基本不会影响整体空间的大小。即使设置承重墙面，还可以在该承重墙面上设门，将承重墙面两侧的空间进行连通。比如，当单元的长度为12m时，在单元内设1 块承重墙面，将长度分为7m和5m，即得到7m和5m的大开间，此时，将3个宽2.4m的单元相互拼接时，就可以得到7m×(2.4m×3)＝50.4m 2的空间和5m×(2.4m×3)＝36m 2的空间，这两个空间也均较大，也已经可以满足绝大多数大户型房屋的设计尺寸。 The load-bearing structural member may be a load-bearing column, a load-bearing beam, or a load-bearing wall. The load-bearing columns and beams will basically not affect the size of the overall space. Even if a load-bearing wall surface is provided, a door can be provided on the load-bearing wall surface to communicate the space on both sides of the load-bearing wall surface. For example, when the length of the unit is 12m, a load-bearing wall is set in the unit and the length is divided into 7m and 5m to obtain a large bay of 7m and 5m. At this time, three units with a width of 2.4m are spliced together At this time, a space of 7m × (2.4m × 3) = 50.4m 2 and a space of 5m × (2.4m × 3) = 36m 2 can be obtained. Both of these spaces are also large and can already satisfy most Design dimensions of large units.
可以看出，在该单元的内部设置承重墙和/或非承重墙，可以将这些大空间进行灵活的分割，得到不同设计的房屋。It can be seen that by setting load-bearing walls and / or non-load-bearing walls inside the unit, these large spaces can be flexibly divided to obtain houses of different designs.
单元内部的承重墙面可以不需要设置成一整面墙体，以使单元内部空间的一部分可以连通。The load-bearing wall surface inside the unit need not be provided as a whole wall, so that a part of the space inside the unit can communicate.
优选地，所述承重墙面与左侧面和右侧面平行。一般来说，若需要在内部设承重墙面，可以设1、2或3块承重墙面。Preferably, the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides. Generally speaking, if it is necessary to provide a load-bearing wall surface inside, one, two or three load-bearing wall surfaces can be provided.
优选地，所述承重结构件为承重墙面，承重墙面与底面、顶面均垂直。优选地，承重墙面与左侧面、右侧面均相互平行。Preferably, the load-bearing structural member is a load-bearing wall surface, and the load-bearing wall surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface and the top surface. Preferably, the load-bearing wall surface and the left and right sides are parallel to each other.
所述单元的底面和顶面相互平行，左侧面和右侧面相互平行。优选地，底面和左侧面相互垂直。The bottom and top surfaces of the unit are parallel to each other, and the left and right surfaces are parallel to each other. Preferably, the bottom surface and the left surface are perpendicular to each other.
单元可以是长方腔体形状，也可以是非长方腔体形状的，以适应不同房屋的建造。优选地，所述单元为长方腔体。The unit can be in the shape of a rectangular cavity, or it can be in the shape of a non-rectangular cavity to adapt to the construction of different houses. Preferably, the unit is a rectangular cavity.
所述单元还包括前侧面和/或后侧面，单元的前侧面和/或后侧面为非承重结构面。在某些情况下，也可以建设成五面、甚至六面为承重结构的单元。The unit further includes a front side and / or a rear side, and the front side and / or the rear side of the unit are non-load bearing structural surfaces. In some cases, it can also be constructed as a unit with five or even six sides as a load-bearing structure.
一般在在所述非承重结构面上设计门和/或窗。如有需要，在不影响结构强度的前提下，也可以在承重结构面设计门和/或窗。通常，在单元内部的非承重墙内安装门。Doors and / or windows are generally designed on the non-load bearing structural surface. If necessary, doors and / or windows can also be designed on the load-bearing structural surface without affecting the strength of the structure. Doors are usually installed in a non-load-bearing wall inside the unit.
单元的角边预埋有连接螺栓和/或连接盒，用于三维方向的空间拓展，同时也可以作为起吊的受力构件。The corners of the unit are pre-embedded with connection bolts and / or connection boxes, which are used to expand the space in the three-dimensional direction. At the same time, they can also be used as load-bearing members for lifting.
单元内设计预埋水、电、气管线。Embedded water, electricity and gas pipelines are designed in the unit.
将门窗等所有设施全部在工厂安装，再运输到现场进行安装，在现场吊装，连接管线，将管线收口，即可完成建造，直接入住。All the facilities such as doors and windows are installed in the factory, then transported to the site for installation, hoisted at the site, connected to the pipeline, and closed the pipeline to complete the construction and move in directly.
该单元的承重结构由钢筋混凝土或者超高性能混凝土预制而成。为减轻自 重，优选超高性能混凝土。The unit's load-bearing structure is prefabricated from reinforced concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete. To reduce weight, ultra-high-performance concrete is preferred.
根据上述房屋设计的分割方法，将分割后得到的单元进行拼接，即可得到房屋。According to the above-mentioned division method of the house design, the units obtained after the division are spliced to obtain a house.
该房屋包括若干个单元；所述单元为工厂一体浇筑成型的整体结构，单元至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；所述单元的宽度为：将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸分割成若干单元，所述单元的宽度尺寸则为该分割后的单元的宽度尺寸；所述单元沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，单元的长度大于宽度；在房屋的同一层中，沿单元的前后方向将若干个单元进行依次拼接；单元的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，单元的左右方向是房屋的开间方向。The house includes several units; the unit is an integrally cast and integrated structure of the factory, and the units are connected at least by the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side in order to form a cavity; the width of the unit is: The design depth of the house is divided into several units according to the limited size of the transport width, and the width dimension of the unit is the width dimension of the divided unit; the size of the unit in the left-right direction is the length and the size in the front-rear direction is the width Dimensions in the up-down direction are height, and the length of the unit is greater than the width; in the same floor of the house, several units are spliced in order along the front-to-back direction of the unit; The orientation of the house.
习惯上，我们把一个楼(或房间)的主要采光面称为开间(或面宽)，与其垂直的称为进深。本领域的现有技术中无法实现大开间的设计，或者大开间的设计存在强度不稳定的缺陷。Traditionally, we refer to the main daylighting surface of a building (or room) as the bay (or surface width), and the perpendicular to it is called the depth. In the prior art in the art, the design of the large room cannot be realized, or the design of the large room has the defect of unstable strength.
对于房屋来说，开间表示房屋的宽度，进深表示房屋的长度。通常来说，房屋的进深大于开间，但是也存在进深小于开间的情况。本发明是用单元的宽度拼成房屋的长度，即进深，而用单元的长度作为房屋的宽度，即开间。由于单元的长度在运输上受限较少，不超过12m的运输长度限制足以满足绝大部分房屋设计开间的需要，而房屋的进深可以通过拼接拓展，不再受到运输尺寸的限制。For houses, the opening represents the width of the house, and the depth represents the length of the house. Generally speaking, the depth of a house is greater than the depth of the room, but there are also cases where the depth of the house is less than the depth of the room. In the present invention, the width of the unit is used to form the length of the house, that is, the depth, and the length of the unit is used as the width of the house, that is, the room. Because the length of the unit is less restricted in transportation, the transportation length limit of no more than 12m is sufficient to meet the needs of most of the house design booths, and the depth of the house can be expanded by splicing, no longer limited by the size of the transportation.
所述单元还沿房屋的开间方向进行拼接。并且，所述单元还沿竖直(上下)方向进行拼接。即该单元可以沿三维方向(前后、左右、上下)进行拼接组合。The units are also spliced along the direction of the house's bay. And, the unit is spliced in the vertical (up and down) direction. That is, the unit can be stitched and combined in three-dimensional directions (front-back, left-right, up-down).
所述房屋由若干个单元通过预埋在其中的连接螺栓和连接盒固定而成。单元之间的连接方式有多种，可以采用现有技术中的任何可行的连接方式进行固定连接。The house is fixed by a plurality of units through connection bolts and connection boxes which are embedded in the unit. There are multiple connection methods between the units, and any feasible connection method in the prior art can be used for fixed connection.
本发明还提供上述分割方法的应用，将房屋设计进行分割后的单元在工厂一体浇筑预制成型，得到建筑结构模块，然后将建筑结构模块运输至现场(工地)沿房屋进深方向依次连接拼装成房屋。The invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned division method. The units after the house design is divided are integrally poured and prefabricated in the factory to obtain the building structure module, and then the building structure module is transported to the site (site) and connected to the house in the direction of the house's depth. .
建筑结构模块与单元是完全对应的，单元实际上是房屋设计中的建筑结构模 块；按每个单元的设计在工厂制造相应的建筑结构模块。建筑结构模块是指该结构模块用于建筑中，其中的“模块”的意思是指该建筑可以由多个单元拼接组成，其中的“结构”是指该模块在建筑中体现强度，体现承重作用。The building structure module and unit are completely corresponding. The unit is actually the building structure module in the house design; the corresponding building structure module is manufactured in the factory according to the design of each unit. Building structural module means that the structural module is used in the building. The "module" means that the building can be composed of multiple units. The "structure" refers to the strength of the module in the building and the load-bearing effect. .
该应用即为房屋的建造方法，具体包括以下步骤：This application is a method of building a house, which includes the following steps:
(1)将房屋设计进行分割，分成若干单元，使每个单元的尺寸不超过运输限定尺寸；其中，将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸进行分割；(1) Divide the house design and divide it into several units so that the size of each unit does not exceed the transport limited size; of which, the house design depth is divided according to the transport width limited size;
(2)根据分割后得到的若干单元，在工厂预制成型该单元对应的建筑结构模块；(2) According to the several units obtained after the division, the building structural module corresponding to the unit is prefabricated in the factory;
(3)对预制成型的建筑结构模块进行装修；(3) Decoration of prefabricated building structural modules;
(4)将装修后的建筑结构模块从工厂运输到待建房屋的工地；(4) Transport the renovated building structure module from the factory to the site of the house to be built;
(5)根据房屋设计，在工地上通过吊装将若干个建筑结构模块依次拼接、固定，并将建筑结构模块之间的管线对接、收口，即完成房屋的建造。(5) According to the design of the house, several building structure modules are spliced and fixed in sequence by hoisting on the construction site, and the pipelines between the building structure modules are docked and closed to complete the construction of the house.
一般先将房屋分成多层，再对每一层进行分割成多个单元。对每一层的房屋设计进行分割时，应按垂直于进深方向(或平行于开间方向)对房屋的进深进行分割。当然也可以呈一定夹角，比如沿与开间方向夹角45°以内的方向对房屋的进深进行分割。Generally, the house is divided into multiple layers, and then each layer is divided into multiple units. When dividing the design of the house on each floor, the depth of the house should be divided according to the direction of the depth (or parallel to the direction of the bay). Of course, it can also be at a certain angle, such as dividing the depth of the house in a direction within 45 ° with the opening direction.
本发明的房屋楼板(底面、顶面)和墙板(左侧面、右侧面)是一体成型结构，保证了建筑的整体强度。The floor slab (bottom surface, top surface) and wall slab (left side, right side) of the present invention are an integrally formed structure, which ensures the overall strength of the building.
从上述房屋的建造方法可以看出，该建筑可以完全不需要现浇，直接通过连接件(如建筑中常用的盒子连接件‐连接螺栓与连接盒)固定连接。因此，可以非常方便地将多个单元组合固定连接。此种房屋的结构强度在工厂预制时已经获得，建造时不需要在工地进行混凝土的浇筑，大大地缩短了建造工期。It can be seen from the above-mentioned construction method of the house that the building can be completely connected without using cast-in-situ, and can be fixedly connected directly by a connection member (such as a box connection member commonly used in the building-connecting bolts and connection boxes). Therefore, a plurality of units can be combined and connected very conveniently. The structural strength of this kind of house has been obtained when the factory is prefabricated, and concrete is not required to be poured on the construction site during construction, which greatly shortens the construction period.
本发明的有益效果是，本发明将房屋设计进行分割，分成若干单元，这些单元在不影响房屋结构强度的前提下，既可以满足运输限定尺寸，又可以通过拼接拓展房屋的使用空间，打破了房屋使用空间所受的运输尺寸的限制，使得房屋的开间和进深两个方向的尺寸都较大，满足绝大部分房屋建造的需要，取得了很好的综合效果，且实用性强，应用广泛。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention divides the house design and divides it into several units. These units can not only meet the transport limited size, but also expand the house's use space by splicing without affecting the structural strength of the house. The limitation of the transportation size of the house's use space makes the dimensions of the house in both the bay and the depth larger, which meets the needs of most house constructions, and has achieved a good comprehensive effect. It has strong practicability and is widely used. .
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1表示现有的盒子建筑中的单个结构单元的示意图。Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
图2表示现有的盒子建筑中的多个结构单元的连接示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of connecting a plurality of structural units in a conventional box building.
图3表示现有的盒子建筑中的单个结构单元的骨架结构示意图。FIG. 3 shows a skeleton structure of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
图4表示本发明单元的结构示意图。Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a unit of the present invention.
图5表示三个本发明单元沿前后方向拼接后的结构示意图。FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of three units of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
图6表示多个本发明单元沿前后方向拼接后的结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
图7表示多个本发明单元沿左右方向拼接后的结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the left-right direction.
图8表示多个本发明单元沿上下方向拼接后的结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the up-down direction.
图9表示本发明设计的待建的三层小楼的结构示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
图10表示本发明设计的待建的三层小楼每一层的结构示意图。FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
图11表示本发明设计的待建的三层小楼的每一层的每个户型分割成的多个单元的结构示意图。FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units divided into each unit of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
图12表示图11中的多个单元的连接成一层的结构示意图。FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units connected in FIG.
图13表示图12中的每一层结构连接成房屋整体的结构示意图。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of each floor in FIG. 12 connected to the whole house.
图14表示本发明单元的另一种结构示意图。Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another structure of the unit of the present invention.
图15表示房屋平面图的分割方式。Fig. 15 shows the division method of the house plan.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
作为本发明的一个实施方式，本发明将房屋设计分割后的单元如图4所示，该单元包括底面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4，所述底面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4围成长方腔体。该长方腔体的每个面均为长方形。单元的长度即为底面1或顶面2的长度，单元的宽度即为底面1或顶面2的宽度，也是左侧面3和右侧面4的宽度。单元的高度为左侧面3和右侧面4的高度。可以看出图1的单元与图4中的单元在结构上是有区别的。As an embodiment of the present invention, the unit in which the house design is divided according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. The unit includes a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4. The bottom surface 1, the top surface. 2. The left side 3 and the right side 4 surround a long square cavity. Each side of the rectangular cavity is rectangular. The length of the unit is the length of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2, the width of the unit is the width of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2, and the width of the left side 3 and the right side 4. The height of the unit is the height of the left side 3 and the right side 4. It can be seen that the unit in FIG. 1 is structurally different from the unit in FIG. 4.
该单元的长度12米，宽度2.4米，高度2.9米；由于长边的跨度较大，在单元的内部每间隔一段距离设计两块承重墙面5。单元的底面1、顶面2、左侧面3 和右侧面4，以及两块承重墙面5均为一体浇筑成型的承重结构面。The unit has a length of 12 meters, a width of 2.4 meters, and a height of 2.9 meters. Due to the large span of the long side, two load-bearing wall surfaces 5 are designed for each interval within the unit. The bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left surface 3, and right surface 4 of the unit, and two load bearing wall surfaces 5 are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are integrally cast.
当单元长度的跨度较小时，如小于6米时，单元内部可以不需要设置承重墙面5；或者虽然长度的跨度较大，但是材料或结构的改进使整体强度满足要求时，单元内部也可以不设置承重墙面5。When the span of the unit length is small, such as less than 6 meters, there is no need to set up a bearing wall 5 inside the unit; or although the length span is large, but the improvement of the material or structure makes the overall strength meet the requirements, the interior of the unit can also No bearing wall 5 is provided.
该单元没有前、后侧面，或者说单元的前侧面和右侧面未填充物体。因此，将可将单元再前后方向进行拼接以拓展使用空间的面积，拼接后的结构示意图如图5、6所示。The unit has no front and rear sides, or the front and right sides of the unit are not filled with objects. Therefore, the units can be spliced in the front-back direction to expand the area of the used space. The schematic diagram of the structure after splicing is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
在某些单元的前侧面或后侧面可设置非承重结构面，门、窗等非承重部件可以设置在此处。Non-load-bearing structural surfaces can be set on the front or rear side of some units, and non-load-bearing components such as doors and windows can be set here.
本发明的单元不仅可以通过前后方向进行拼接，还可以通过左右方向以及上下方向进行拼接，左右方向拼接的结构示意图如图7所示，上下方向拼接的结构示意图如图8所示。每个单元的具体连接方式为现有技术，比如可以在单元的每个角布置钢结构螺杆和连接盒进行相互固定连接。The unit of the present invention can be spliced not only in the front-back direction, but also in the left-right direction and in the up-down direction. The structural schematic diagram of the left-right direction splicing is shown in FIG. 7, and the structural schematic diagram of the vertical direction splicing is shown in FIG. 8. The specific connection method of each unit is the prior art, for example, a steel structure screw and a connection box can be arranged at each corner of the unit to be fixedly connected to each other.
一栋房屋可以分割成多个堆积、拼接的单元，而这些单元均可以在工厂完成预制，并且安装水、电、门窗等所有装修，运输到现场后只需要进行吊装，对接管线即可入住。A house can be divided into multiple stacked and spliced units, and these units can be prefabricated in the factory, and all decoration such as water, electricity, doors and windows can be installed. After transportation to the site, it only needs to be hoisted and the docking pipeline can move in.
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，下面根据具体的房屋对本发明的分割和拼接方法进行详细说明。As another embodiment of the present invention, the segmentation and splicing method of the present invention is described in detail below according to a specific house.
图9所示为一栋待建三层小楼，每层分为A，B两个户型。该小楼设计尺寸为长21米(A户长12米，B户长9米)，最大宽度6.9米，在房屋的前后方向设置窗户，用于采光。那么可以根据该具体的建筑设计对该三层小楼进行分割：首先，按层分割，得到三层同样的单层结构，每一层的示意图如图10所示；再将每一层的A，B两户分割，再对每个户型分别进行分割，分别得到三个单元(如图11所示)：A户型具体分割为2.3m×12m，2.3m×12m和2.3m×10m的三个单元，B户型具体分割为2.3m×9m，2.3m×9m和2.3m×7m三个单元。Figure 9 shows a small three-story building to be built, each floor is divided into A and B units. The small building is designed to be 21 meters long (A household is 12 meters long and B household is 9 meters long), with a maximum width of 6.9 meters. Windows are set in the front and rear directions of the house for daylighting. Then the three-story small building can be divided according to the specific architectural design: first, the three-story single-story structure is obtained by dividing by layers. The schematic diagram of each layer is shown in Figure 10; , B is divided into two households, and each unit is divided into three units (as shown in Figure 11): A unit is divided into 2.3m × 12m, 2.3m × 12m and 2.3m × 10m. Units are divided into 2.3m × 9m, 2.3m × 9m and 2.3m × 7m units.
分别在工厂制造图11中的这些单元，再进行连接，连接后的每一层结构如图12所示，再连接每一层，得到如图13所示的房屋，将单元之间的管线连接后 即可完成房屋的建造。These units in Figure 11 are manufactured separately in the factory and then connected. The structure of each layer after connection is shown in Figure 12, and then each layer is connected to obtain the house shown in Figure 13, and the pipelines between the units are connected. After that, the construction of the house can be completed.
实际上，对图13所示的房屋的分割方式，就是按图13中顶面和右侧面所示的线条以及每一层进行上下、左右、前后方向的分割。In fact, the way of dividing the house shown in FIG. 13 is to divide up and down, left and right, and front and rear directions according to the lines shown on the top and right sides in FIG. 13 and each floor.
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，分割后的单元的形状如图14所示，该单元中只有底面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4，这四个面围成长方腔体，单元的长度(即底面1的长度)为4m，由于单元的长度跨度较小，其内部没有设置其他承力部件。As another embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the divided unit is shown in FIG. 14. In this unit, there are only a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4, and these four surfaces surround a square cavity. Body, the length of the unit (that is, the length of the bottom surface 1) is 4m, and because the length of the unit is relatively small, there are no other load-bearing components inside.
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，对某设计户型平面图进行分割，该户型的平面图如图15(图中标注单位为mm)所示。该户型的开间为9000mm，进深7314mm；具体来说，餐厅的开间为4300mm，与餐厅相连的卧室的开间为4700mm。其中，具有斜剖面线的墙面为承重墙面，其他为非承重墙面。可以按图15中两条颜色最深的黑色实线(即为分割线)进行分割，分割成3个单元，每个单元的宽度均为2438mm，其中两个单元的长度为9000mm。然后分别制造这些单元，最后进行拼接组合。As another embodiment of the present invention, a floor plan of a design unit is divided, and the floor plan of the unit is shown in FIG. 15 (the unit of the figure is mm). This apartment has an opening of 9000mm and a depth of 7314mm. Specifically, the opening of the dining room is 4300mm, and the opening of the bedroom connected to the dining room is 4700mm. Among them, the wall surface with the oblique section line is a load-bearing wall surface, and the other is a non-load-bearing wall surface. It can be divided according to the two darkest solid black lines (that is, the dividing line) in FIG. 15 and divided into 3 units, each unit has a width of 2438 mm, and the length of two units is 9000 mm. These units are then manufactured separately and finally stitched together.

Claims (25)

  1. 一种房屋设计的分割方法，其特征在于，将房屋设计进行分割，分成若干单元，使每个单元的尺寸不超过运输限定尺寸；其中，将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸进行分割；A method for dividing a house design, which is characterized in that the house design is divided into a plurality of units so that the size of each unit does not exceed the transport limited size; wherein the house design depth is divided according to the transport width limited size;
    每个单元至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；每个单元沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，其中，单元的长度大于宽度；单元的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，单元的左右方向是房屋的开间方向。Each unit is connected by at least the bottom, left, top, and right sides and forms a cavity; the size of each unit in the left-right direction is the length, the size in the front-back direction is the width, and the size in the up-down direction is Height, where the length of the unit is greater than the width; the front-to-rear direction of the unit is the depth direction of the house, and the left-to-right direction of the unit is the room direction of the house.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，当房屋设计为房屋平面设计时，将房屋平面设计进行分割的分割线与房屋的进深方向呈60°‐90°的夹角，沿该分割线将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸进行分割。The dividing method according to claim 1, wherein when the house design is a house plan, the dividing line that divides the house plan is at an angle of 60 ° -90 ° with the depth direction of the house, and along the division, The line divides the house design into depths that do not exceed the limited size of the transport width.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的分割方法，其特征在于，分割线与房屋的进深方向垂直。The dividing method according to claim 2, wherein the dividing line is perpendicular to a depth direction of the house.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述运输宽度限定尺寸为3.5米。The dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the transport width is limited to a size of 3.5 meters.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述运输宽度限定尺寸为2.5米。The dividing method according to claim 4, wherein the transport width is limited to a size of 2.5 meters.
  6. 如权利要求4所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的宽度为1.5‐2.5米。The segmentation method according to claim 4, wherein the width of the unit is 1.5-2.5 meters.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，将房屋设计高度按不超过运输高度限定尺寸进行分割；将房屋设计开间按不超过运输长度限定尺寸进行分割。The dividing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the design height of the house is divided according to a size that does not exceed the transport height limit; the house design space is divided into not more than the transport length limit size.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的分割方法，其特征在于，当房屋设计为单层时，将每个单层房屋设计开间和设计进深进行分割，分成若干单元；The division method according to claim 7, characterized in that, when the house is designed as a single storey, the design of each single storey house is divided into a design space and a design depth, and is divided into several units;
    当房屋设计为两层以上时，将房屋设计进行逐层分割，得到若干单层房屋设计；将每个单层房屋设计开间和设计进深进行分割，分成若干单元。When the house is designed with two or more floors, the house design is divided one by one to get several single-storey house designs; the design of each single-storey house is divided into several units.
  9. 如权利要求8所述的分割方法，其特征在于，当单层房屋设计开间不超过运输长度限定尺寸时，仅对单层房屋设计进深进行分割，分成若干单元。The division method according to claim 8, characterized in that, when the design space of the single-storey house does not exceed the limited size of the transport length, only the design depth of the single-storey house is divided into several units.
  10. 如权利要求8所述的分割方法，其特征在于，将单层房屋设计按户型进行分割，得到若干户型设计；对每个户型设计进深进行分割，分成若干单元。The segmentation method according to claim 8, wherein the single-story house design is divided according to the unit type to obtain a plurality of unit types; each unit type is further divided into a plurality of units.
  11. 如权利要求7所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述运输高度限定尺寸为3.6米。The segmentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that the limited dimension of the transport height is 3.6 meters.
  12. 如权利要求7所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的高度为2.5‐3.6米。The segmentation method according to claim 7, wherein the height of the unit is 2.5-3.6 meters.
  13. 如权利要求7所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述运输长度限定尺寸为12米The segmentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that the limited transport length is 12 meters
  14. 如权利要求7所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的长度为7‐12米。The segmentation method according to claim 7, wherein the length of the unit is 7-12 meters.
  15. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的底面和顶面相互平行，左侧面和右侧面相互平行。The division method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface and the top surface of the unit are parallel to each other, and the left side and the right side are parallel to each other.
  16. 如权利要求15所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的底面和左侧面相互垂直。The division method according to claim 15, wherein a bottom surface and a left side surface of the unit are perpendicular to each other.
  17. 如权利要求16所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元为长方腔体。The segmentation method according to claim 16, wherein the unit is a rectangular cavity.
  18. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元设计为底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面可在工厂一体浇筑预制成型的结构。The dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the unit is designed as a bottom, left, top, and right side structure that can be integrally cast in a factory to form a prefabricated structure.
  19. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的内部设计与单元的底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面一体浇筑成型的承重结构件。The dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the internal design of the unit is integrally cast with a load-bearing structural member formed on the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side of the unit.
  20. 如权利要求19所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述承重结构件为承重墙面，承重墙面与底面、顶面均垂直。The division method according to claim 19, wherein the load-bearing structural member is a load-bearing wall surface, and the load-bearing wall surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface and the top surface.
  21. 如权利要求20所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的内部设1‐3块承重墙面。The division method according to claim 20, wherein the unit is provided with 1-3 load-bearing wall surfaces inside.
  22. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，在单元上设计门和/或窗。The segmentation method according to claim 1, wherein a door and / or a window is designed on the unit.
  23. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元内设计用于预埋水、电、气管线的结构。The segmentation method according to claim 1, wherein the unit is designed to embed a structure of water, electricity, and gas pipelines in the unit.
  24. 如权利要求1所述的分割方法，其特征在于，所述单元的角边设计用于预埋连接螺栓和/或连接盒的结构。The segmentation method according to claim 1, wherein the corner edges of the unit are designed for embedding a connection bolt and / or a structure of a connection box.
  25. 权利要求1‐24中任一项所述的分割方法的应用，其特征在于，将房屋设计进行分割后的单元在工厂一体浇筑预制成型，然后运输至现场沿房屋进深方向依次连接拼装成房屋。The application of the segmentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the units after the house design is divided are integrally poured and prefabricated in the factory, and then transported to the site to be connected and assembled into houses in order along the depth of the house.
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