WO2020019113A1 - 移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人*** - Google Patents

移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019113A1
WO2020019113A1 PCT/CN2018/096647 CN2018096647W WO2020019113A1 WO 2020019113 A1 WO2020019113 A1 WO 2020019113A1 CN 2018096647 W CN2018096647 W CN 2018096647W WO 2020019113 A1 WO2020019113 A1 WO 2020019113A1
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Prior art keywords
mobile robot
trajectory
target object
distance
motion
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PCT/CN2018/096647
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭晓东
钱杰
吴博
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201880031518.8A priority Critical patent/CN110678822A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/096647 priority patent/WO2020019113A1/zh
Publication of WO2020019113A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019113A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/12Target-seeking control
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/10Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of mobile robots, and in particular, to a control method and device for a mobile robot, and a mobile robot system.
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle may determine a target object (such as a user, a car, etc.) as a tracking object, and follow the target object, and in the process of following, the target object may be photographed.
  • a target object such as a user, a car, etc.
  • the target object moves in a complex environment, such as a forest or an indoor environment.
  • the mobile robot follows the target object, the mobile robot's trajectory planning is difficult; in addition, it may be due to some problems (such as obstacles) (Blocking of objects, communication interruption, etc.)
  • the target object cannot be tracked, resulting in the mobile robot's failure to follow the target object.
  • the invention provides a control method, a device and a mobile robot system for a mobile robot, so as to improve the success rate and robustness of the mobile robot in following a target object moving in a complex environment, and reduce the trajectory difficulty of the mobile robot in the tracking mode.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a control method of a mobile robot, including:
  • a second aspect of the present invention is to provide a control device for a mobile robot, including:
  • the processor is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory to implement: acquiring a motion trajectory of a target object, the target object being a follower of the mobile robot; and controlling the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is to provide a control device for a mobile robot, including:
  • An acquisition module configured to acquire a motion trajectory of a target object, the target object being a following object of the mobile robot
  • a control module is configured to control the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores program instructions, and the program instructions are used to implement the control method of the mobile robot described above.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention is to provide a mobile robot system, including:
  • control device configured to control the mobile robot.
  • the mobile robot control method, device and mobile robot system provided by the present invention obtain the motion trajectory of a target object and control the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory. Since the motion trajectory is generated by the movement of the target object, when the mobile robot moves according to the motion trajectory, the success rate and robustness of the mobile robot to follow the target object moving in a complex environment are improved. At the same time, a trajectory planning method of the mobile robot in the following mode is provided, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of the trajectory planning of the mobile robot and increase the probability of the mobile robot's success in obstacle avoidance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic diagram of a relative position of a target object and a mobile robot when the mobile robot moves according to a motion trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a relative position of a target object and a mobile robot when the mobile robot moves according to a motion trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a process for controlling the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of effects in the XY plane before and after filtering the motion trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a first schematic flowchart of obtaining a motion trajectory of a target object according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a second schematic flowchart of obtaining a motion trajectory of a target object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of controlling a moving speed of the mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of controlling a moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance and a preset trajectory distance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of controlling a moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance, a preset trajectory distance, and a historical speed according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an effect of a relative distance between a mobile robot and a target object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an effect of a motion trajectory of a mobile robot and a target trajectory in an XY plane according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for a mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another control device for a mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling a mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to FIG. 1, this embodiment provides a method for controlling a mobile robot. Success rate and robustness of moving target objects in the environment to follow. At the same time, a trajectory planning method of the mobile robot in the following mode is provided, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of the trajectory planning of the mobile robot and increase the probability of the mobile robot's success in obstacle avoidance.
  • the control method may include:
  • S101 Obtain a motion trajectory of a target object, and the target object is a follower object of the mobile robot;
  • the mobile robot may be a device that moves by a power system configured by the mobile robot.
  • the mobile robot may include a ground mobile robot (such as an unmanned car), an underwater or surface robot (such as an unmanned ship), and an unmanned aerial vehicle. One or more of them.
  • a mobile robot is used as an unmanned aerial vehicle for schematic description. It can be understood that the unmanned aerial vehicle in the later part of this document may be replaced with a mobile robot.
  • the target object may be the following object of the mobile robot, that is, in the following mode, the mobile robot tracks the target object and follows the target object, that is, follows the target object to move.
  • the target object is a person, an animal, or other movable object.
  • the target object 201 may be in a moving state, and the mobile robot 202 may obtain the motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201, that is, the motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201 at a historical time.
  • the movement trajectory 203 of the target object 201 may include position information of the target object 201 at different times during the movement process, and the mobile robot 202 may obtain the position information periodically or aperiodically, and the position information constitutes the target object 201 Motion track 203.
  • S102 Control the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • the mobile robot 202 after the mobile robot 202 obtains the motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201, it can control the mobile robot 202 to move according to the motion trajectory 203, that is, the mobile robot 202 determines the motion trajectory of the target object 201 as its own The motion trajectory moves according to the motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201.
  • the mobile robot when the target object cannot be tracked, the mobile robot is controlled to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • the mobile robot obtains a movement trajectory of the target object, that is, obtains a movement trajectory of the target object at a historical moment.
  • the mobile robot's processor can control the movement The robot moves according to the acquired motion trajectory, that is, it moves according to the acquired motion trajectory of the historical time of the target object.
  • the target object 201 may move in a complex environment, wherein one or more obstacles 204 as shown in FIG. 3 may exist in the environment, according to the trajectory of the mobile robot in the following mode in the prior art
  • the planned trajectory is planned, and the mobile robot 201 may hit the obstacle 204 when moving according to the trajectory.
  • the mobile robot 202 since the acquired motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201 is used as the movement trajectory of the mobile robot 202, the mobile robot 202 does not hit the obstacle 204 during the movement process, and provides a following mode to move
  • the trajectory planning method of the robot reduces the difficulty of trajectory planning.
  • the mobile robot 202 moves according to the motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201, which can ensure that the target object 201 is within the tracking range of the mobile robot 202 to the greatest extent. Success rate and robustness of following of a moving target object in a complex environment.
  • the following is an example for illustration. Please refer to FIG. 3, the target object 201 moves in the direction of the target object 205 as shown in the figure, and the mobile robot 202 moves in the direction of the mobile robot 206 as shown in the target object 201's trajectory 203. During the movement, the mobile robot 202 cannot track the target object 201 due to the obstruction of the obstacle 204.
  • the mobile robot 202 moves according to the motion trajectory 203 of the target object 201, the mobile robot 202 moves to the movement as shown in the figure.
  • the target object 205 will be within the tracking range of the mobile robot 206 again. The success rate and robustness of the moving target object 205 following.
  • the method for controlling a mobile robot is to obtain the motion trajectory of a target object and control the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory. Since the motion trajectory is generated by the movement of the target object, when the mobile robot moves according to the motion trajectory , To improve the success rate and robustness of the mobile robot's follow of target objects moving in a complex environment. At the same time, a trajectory planning method of the mobile robot in the following mode is provided, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of the trajectory planning of the mobile robot and increase the probability of the mobile robot's success in obstacle avoidance.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of controlling a mobile robot to move according to a motion trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of effects in the XY plane before and after filtering processing of a trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment does not limit the specific implementation process of controlling the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • controlling the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory in this embodiment may include:
  • the acquired motion track data of the target object contains high-frequency components, such as the motion track L1 in FIG. 5.
  • the motion track L1 with high-frequency components is rough.
  • Controlling the mobile robot is easy to cause the mobile robot to oscillate, and the posture of the mobile robot will generate large jitter.
  • the shooting screen in the camera will also shake. Therefore, a filtering operation can be performed on high-frequency components in the motion track.
  • the obtained motion trajectory may be input into a filter and subjected to filtering processing to obtain a filtered trajectory.
  • the filter may be a Butterworth filter, a Chebyshev filter, or other types of low-pass filters. As shown in the motion trajectory L2 in FIG. 5, the motion trajectory L2 after the filtering process is relatively smooth.
  • S402 Control the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory after the filtering process.
  • the mobile robot After filtering the motion trajectory, the mobile robot can be controlled to move according to the filtered motion trajectory, thereby effectively ensuring that the mobile robot moves according to a relatively smooth trajectory, further improving the stability and reliability of the control method .
  • FIG. 6 is a first schematic flowchart of acquiring a motion trajectory of a target object according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a second schematic flowchart of acquiring a motion trajectory of a target object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the specific acquisition method of the target object's motion trajectory is not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • an achievable way is that the mobile robot may include a shooting device, and the shooting device includes: a camera, a video camera, a terminal with a camera, or other devices with a shooting function, etc.
  • obtaining the motion trajectory of the target object may be include:
  • S601 Acquire an image of a target object through a photographing device
  • S602 Acquire a motion trajectory of the target object according to the image.
  • the shooting device may output an image of the target object
  • the processor of the mobile robot may acquire the image of the target object, and further, may acquire images of the target object in multiple frames, and the processor of the mobile robot may acquire the target object according to the image. Movement track.
  • a processor of a mobile robot may acquire a position of the target object in the image, and according to position information of the target object in the image and a shooting device Determine the orientation of the target object relative to the mobile robot, and determine the position information of the target object relative to the mobile robot according to the orientation and the horizontal distance between the target object and the mobile robot, and finally according to the target object relative to the mobile robot
  • the position information and the position information of the mobile robot determine the position information of the target object. After the position information of the target object is determined, the motion trajectory of the target object can be determined.
  • acquiring the target object's motion trajectory may include:
  • S701 Acquire motion data sent by a control terminal carried by a target object
  • S702 Acquire a motion trajectory of the target object according to the motion data.
  • the target object may carry a control terminal, where the control terminal includes one or more of a remote controller, a smart phone, a tablet computer, and a wearable device (watch, bracelet).
  • the control terminal includes a motion sensor, wherein the motion sensor can sense the motion of the target object and output the motion data of the target object.
  • the motion data may include at least one of position information, speed information, and acceleration information.
  • the control terminal may send the motion data to the mobile robot. After acquiring the motion data, the mobile robot may determine the position information of the target object according to the motion data, so as to obtain the motion trajectory of the target object.
  • the motion trajectory of the target object can be accurately and effectively obtained, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the control method.
  • the method when the mobile robot moves according to the motion trajectory, the method further includes: controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot so that the mobile robot The trajectory distance from the target object is a preset trajectory distance, wherein the trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object is the trajectory length between the mobile robot and the target object on the motion trajectory.
  • the processor of the mobile robot can control the moving speed of the mobile robot in real time so that the distance between the target object and the mobile robot on the motion trajectory is a preset trajectory Distance, the preset trajectory distance is the ideal distance that should be maintained between the mobile robot and the target object on the motion trajectory.
  • making the distance between the target object and the mobile robot on the motion trajectory be a preset trajectory distance can be understood as making the distance between the target object and the mobile robot on the motion trajectory approximately the preset trajectory distance.
  • the preset trajectory distance is a distance between the target object and the mobile robot when the mobile robot enters the following mode. Specifically, when the user controls the mobile robot to enter the following mode, that is, when the mobile robot is controlled to start following the target object, the mobile robot can obtain the distance between the target object and the mobile robot, and determine a preset trajectory distance according to the distance. For example, the distance may be directly determined as a preset trajectory distance.
  • the preset trajectory distance is obtained from a control terminal of the mobile robot by detecting a user operation.
  • the user can operate the control terminal to set the trajectory length between the mobile robot on the motion trajectory and the target object, and the control terminal can determine the trajectory between the mobile robot on the trajectory and the target object according to the detected operation. Length, and sends the determined trajectory length to a mobile robot, and the mobile robot determines the trajectory length as a preset trajectory distance.
  • the preset trajectory distance is a fixed value and is fixed in the program code of the processor of the mobile robot.
  • the mobile robot can obtain the current trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object at the current time in real time, where the current trajectory distance may refer to the trajectory length between the mobile robot and the target object on the motion trajectory at the current time.
  • the processor of the mobile robot may obtain the position information of the current time and the position information of the target object at the current time, determine the position of the mobile robot on the motion trajectory of the target object at the current time according to the position information of the mobile robot, and The position information of the target object determines the position of the target object on the motion track of the target object at the current moment, and then determines the current position according to the position of the mobile robot on the motion track and the position of the target object on the motion track.
  • the current trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object at the moment may obtain the position information of the current time and the position information of the target object at the current time, determine the position of the mobile robot on the motion trajectory of the target object at the current time according to the position information of the mobile robot, and then determines the current position according to the position of the mobile
  • S802 Control the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance.
  • the moving speed of the mobile robot may be controlled according to the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance.
  • the controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance may include the following feasible implementation methods:
  • a feasible implementation manner determining an error between the current trajectory distance and a preset trajectory distance, and controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the difference.
  • the error between the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance of the processor of the mobile robot generates a speed control instruction for controlling the mobile robot according to the error, and controls the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the speed control instruction.
  • a closed-loop control algorithm for example, a PID algorithm
  • a PID algorithm may be used to generate the control instruction.
  • S901 Obtain the historical speed of the historical position of the target object on the motion track, where the historical position point is the position of the mobile robot on the motion track at the current moment;
  • S902 Control the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance, the preset trajectory distance, and the historical speed.
  • the moving speed of the mobile robot at the historical position point should be increased;
  • the moving speed of the mobile robot at the historical position point should be reduced.
  • the historical position point is the position point of the mobile robot on the motion trajectory at the current moment. Therefore, when controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot at the current time, the historical speed at the time of the historical position of the target object on the motion trajectory can be obtained, and the historical speed is used as a control for controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot And control the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the historical speed, the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance. That is, a speed control instruction is generated according to the historical speed, the current trajectory distance, and a preset trajectory distance, and the moving speed of the mobile robot is controlled according to the speed control instruction.
  • controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance, the preset trajectory distance, and the historical speed may include:
  • S1001 Obtain target potential field function information according to a current trajectory distance, a preset trajectory distance, and a preset trajectory distance error between the mobile robot and the target object;
  • the target potential field function information obtained in this step is a control amount that controls the moving speed of the mobile robot, and the purpose of the target potential field function information as the control amount is to control the moving speed of the mobile robot such that The trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object on the motion trajectory is in a range approximately close to the preset trajectory distance, wherein the range is based on the preset trajectory distance and a preset mobile robot and The trajectory distance between the target objects is determined by the error.
  • the current trajectory distance is less than the minimum value of this range, it means that the trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object on the motion trajectory is relatively small, and when the moving speed of the mobile robot is controlled according to the target potential field function information , The mobile robot should be instructed to reduce the moving speed to increase the trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object. If the current trajectory distance is greater than the maximum value of this range, it indicates that the trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object is relatively large on the motion trajectory, and when the moving speed of the mobile robot is controlled according to the target potential field function information , Should instruct the mobile robot to increase the moving speed to reduce the trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object.
  • the current trajectory distance may be considered to be approximately equal to the preset trajectory distance.
  • the movement may be instructed The robot's moving speed does not change. Specifically, according to the current trajectory distance, the preset trajectory distance, and the preset trajectory distance error between the mobile robot and the target object, and using the following formula to obtain the target potential field function information:
  • F tar is the target potential field function information
  • d is the current trajectory distance
  • d des is the preset trajectory distance
  • d cor is the preset trajectory distance error between the mobile robot and the target object.
  • the target potential field function information F tar is less than 0, which can be reduced
  • the moving speed is such that the mobile robot moves in a direction away from the target object, so that the trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object can be increased.
  • the target potential field function information F tar is greater than 0, and the moving speed can be increased to make the mobile robot move in a direction closer to the target object, which can reduce the mobile robot. The trajectory distance from the target object.
  • the mobile robot and the target object can be affected by the target potential field function information.
  • the trajectory distance between them can be adjusted timely and effectively.
  • the trajectory point potential field function information is another control amount that controls the moving speed of the mobile robot, and is used to control or adjust the mobile robot to fall behind on the motion trajectory when the mobile robot moves according to the motion trajectory of the target object.
  • the trajectory distance of the target object is shown in FIG. 12.
  • the curve T in the figure is the trajectory of the target object
  • the curve M in the figure is the trajectory of the mobile robot. It can be seen that the trajectory of the mobile robot is in time. Behind the motion trajectory of the target object.
  • S1003 Weight the target potential field function information, trajectory point potential field function information, and historical speed to obtain a speed control instruction
  • the target potential field function information After obtaining the target potential field function information, the trajectory point potential field function information, and the historical velocity, the target potential field function information, the trajectory point potential field function information, and the historical velocity can be weighted. For details, refer to the following formula. Get the speed control instruction:
  • V cmd w 1 F tar + w 2 F tarj + w 3 V feed
  • V cmd is the speed control instruction
  • w 1 is the preset weight coefficient corresponding to the target potential field function information
  • F tar is the target potential field function information
  • w 2 is the preset weight coefficient corresponding to the trajectory point potential field function information
  • F tarj is the potential field function information of the trajectory point
  • w 3 is a preset weight coefficient corresponding to the historical speed
  • V feed is the historical speed.
  • the speed control instruction obtained through the above formula comprehensively considers the influence of various factors (the distance factor and the speed factor between the mobile robot and the target object) in the process of the mobile robot following the target object, thereby ensuring the speed control. Accuracy of instruction acquisition.
  • S1004 Control the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the speed control instruction.
  • the moving speed of the mobile robot can be controlled according to the speed control instruction, so that the mobile robot can track the target object stably and reliably.
  • the method may further include: controlling the moving speed of the mobile robot so that the mobile robot and the target object The straight line distance is within the preset straight line distance range.
  • the moving trajectory of the target object may be relatively curved.
  • the moving speed of the mobile robot may be controlled to make the movement
  • the linear distance between the robot and the target object is within a preset linear distance range.
  • the linear distance range is preset, and those skilled in the art can set its specific numerical range according to specific design requirements.
  • the linear distance range can be greater than or equal to 2 meters.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for a mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a control device for a mobile robot.
  • the control device can execute the above-mentioned mobile robot.
  • a control method, wherein the mobile robot may be an unmanned aerial vehicle; specifically, the control device may include:
  • the processor 1302 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 1301 to implement: acquiring a motion trajectory of a target object, the target object being a follower of the mobile robot; and controlling the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • the processor 1302 when the processor 1302 controls the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory, the processor 1302 is specifically configured to perform: performing filtering processing on the motion trajectory; and controlling the mobile robot to move according to the filtered motion trajectory.
  • an implementable manner is: the mobile robot includes a shooting device.
  • the processor 1302 may be used for Executing: acquiring an image of a target object through a photographing device; acquiring a motion trajectory of the target object according to the image.
  • Another practicable manner is: acquiring the motion trajectory of the target object at the processor 1302, and the processor 1302 may be configured to perform: acquiring motion data sent by the control terminal carried by the target object; and acquiring the motion trajectory of the target object according to the motion data .
  • the processor 1302 is further configured to:
  • the preset trajectory distance is obtained from a control terminal of the mobile robot by detecting a user operation.
  • the processor 1302 controls the moving speed of the mobile robot, it is specifically used to: obtain the current trajectory distance between the mobile robot and the target object at the current moment; and control the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance.
  • the processor 1302 controls the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance and the preset trajectory distance, it is specifically used to: obtain the historical speed of the historical position of the target object on the motion trajectory, where the historical position is the current time The position of the mobile robot on the motion trajectory; the moving speed of the mobile robot is controlled according to the current trajectory distance, the preset trajectory distance, and the historical speed.
  • the processor 1302 controls the moving speed of the mobile robot according to the current trajectory distance, the preset trajectory distance, and the historical speed.
  • the processor 1302 may be specifically used to: according to the current trajectory distance, the preset trajectory distance, and the preset mobile robot and the target object.
  • the processor 1302 is further configured to: control the moving speed of the mobile robot so that the linear distance between the mobile robot and the target object is within a preset linear distance range .
  • a control device for a mobile robot provided in this embodiment can be used to execute the methods corresponding to the embodiments in FIG. 1 to FIG. 12.
  • the specific implementation manner and beneficial effects thereof are similar, and are not repeated here.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another control device for a mobile robot according to an embodiment of the present invention. referring to FIG. 14, this embodiment provides another control device for a mobile robot, which can perform the foregoing movements.
  • the obtaining module 1401 is configured to obtain a motion trajectory of a target object, where the target object is a following object of the mobile robot;
  • the control module 1402 is configured to control the mobile robot to move according to the motion trajectory.
  • the acquisition module 1401 and the control module 1402 in the control device of a mobile robot provided in this embodiment can be used to execute the methods corresponding to the embodiments in FIG. 1 to FIG. 12, and the specific execution methods and beneficial effects are similar, and will not be repeated here. To repeat.
  • Another aspect of this embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores program instructions, and the program instructions are used to implement the control method of the mobile robot described above.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a mobile robot system includes:
  • the control device 1502 described above is used to control the mobile robot 1501.
  • the mobile robot 1501 may be an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the control device 1502 may be disposed on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle system 1600 includes: an unmanned aerial vehicle 1601 and the above-mentioned control device 1602.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 1601 includes a fuselage, a power system, and a power system. It includes at least one of the following: a motor 1607, a propeller 1606, and an electronic governor 1617.
  • the power system is installed on the fuselage to provide flying power; the control device 1602 may be provided on the fuselage, and the implementation manner of the control device 1602 and The specific principle is consistent with the control device of the foregoing embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • control device 1602 may specifically be a flight controller, and the flight controller is communicatively connected to the power system for controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle 1601 to fly.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 1601 further includes: a sensing system 1608, a communication system 1610, a support device 1603, and a photographing device 1604.
  • the support device 1603 may be a gimbal, and the communication system 1610 is specifically used to communicate with Ground control terminal communication.
  • the related apparatuses and methods disclosed may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components may be divided.
  • the combination can either be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objective of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit When the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention essentially or part that contributes to the existing technology or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium , Including a number of instructions to cause the computer processor 101 (processor) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks or optical disks and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人***,其中,方法包括:获取目标对象的运动轨迹,所述目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。本发明提供的技术方案,通过获取目标对象的运动轨迹,并控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动,由于运动轨迹是目标对象移动所产生的,因此,移动机器人按照该运动轨迹进行移动时,提高移动机器人对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象的跟随的成功率和稳健性。同时提供了一种在跟随模式中移动机器人的轨迹规划方法,可以有效地降低移动机器人的轨迹规划难度,并提高移动机器人的避障成功的概率。

Description

移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人*** 技术领域
本发明涉及移动机器人技术领域,尤其涉及一种移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人***。
背景技术
目前,移动机器人可以对目标对象进行追踪,并对目标对象进行跟随。例如,无人飞行器可以将目标对象(例如用户、汽车等)确定为追踪对象,并对目标对象进行跟随,且在跟随的过程中,可以对目标对象进行拍摄。
然而,在某些情况中,目标对象在复杂环境中移动,例如树林或者室内等环境,移动机器人在对目标对象进行跟随时,移动机器人的轨迹规划比较困难;另外,可能由于某些问题(例如障碍物的遮挡、通信中断等问题)追踪不到目标对象,导致移动机器人对目标对象的跟随失败。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人***,以提高移动机器人对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象进行跟随的成功率和稳健性,同时降低在跟踪模式中移动机器人的轨迹难度。
本发明的第一方面是为了提供一种移动机器人的控制方法,包括:
获取目标对象的运动轨迹,所述目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;
控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。
本发明的第二方面是为了提供一种移动机器人的控制装置,包括:
存储器,用于存储计算机程序;
处理器,用于运行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序以实现:获取目标对象的运动轨迹,所述目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。
本发明的第三方面是为了提供一种移动机器人的控制装置,包括:
获取模块,用于获取目标对象的运动轨迹,所述目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;
控制模块,用于控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。
本发明的第四方面是为了提供一种计算机可读存储介质,该计算机可读存储介质中存储有程序指令,所述程序指令用于实现上述的移动机器人的控制方法。
本发明的第五方面是为了提供一种移动机器人***,包括:
移动机器人;
上述第二方面所述的控制装置,所述控制装置用于控制所述移动机器人。
本发明提供的移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人***,通过获取目标对象的运动轨迹,并控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。由于运动轨迹是目标对象移动所产生的,因此,移动机器人按照该运动轨迹进行移动时,提高移动机器人对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象的跟随的成功率和稳健性。同时提供了一种在跟随模式中移动机器人的轨迹规划方法,可以有效地降低移动机器人的轨迹规划难度,并提高移动机器人的避障成功的概率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种移动机器人的控制方法的流程示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的在移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动时,目标对象与移动机器人的相对位置示意图一;
图3为本发明实施例提供的在移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动时,目标对象与移动机器人的相对位置示意图二;
图4为本发明实施例提供的控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动的流程示意图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的对所述运动轨迹进行滤波处理前后在XY平面内的效果对比示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的获取目标对象的运动轨迹的流程示意图一;
图7为本发明实施例提供的获取目标对象的运动轨迹的流程示意图二;
图8为本发明实施例提供的控制所述移动机器人的移动速度的流程示意图;
图9为本发明实施例提供的根据所述当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制所述移动机器人的移动速度的流程示意图;
图10为本发明实施例提供的根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制所述移动机器人的移动速度的流程示意图;
图11为本发明实施例提供的移动机器人与目标对象之间相对距离的效果示意图;
图12为本发明实施例提供的移动机器人的运动轨迹与目标对象的运动轨迹在XY平面内的效果示意图;
图13为本发明实施例提供的一种移动机器人的控制装置的结构示意图;
图14为本发明实施例提供的又一种移动机器人的控制装置的结构示意图;
图15为本发明实施例提供的一种移动机器人***的结构示意图;
图16为本发明实施例提供的一种无人飞行器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
下面结合附图,对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在各实施例之间不冲突的情况下,下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种移动机器人的控制方法的流程示意图;参考附图1所示,本实施例提供了一种移动机器人的控制方法,该控制方法可以提高移动机器人对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象进行跟随的成功率和稳 健性。同时提供了一种在跟随模式中移动机器人的轨迹规划方法,可以有效地降低移动机器人的轨迹规划难度,并提高移动机器人的避障成功的概率。具体的,该控制方法可以包括:
S101:获取目标对象的运动轨迹,目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;
其中,移动机器人可以为依靠自身配置的动力***移动的设备,其中,所述移动机器人可以包括地面移动机器人(例如无人汽车等)、水下或者水面机器人(例如无人船)、无人飞行器中的一种或多种。本实施例中以移动机器人为无人飞行器来进行示意性说明,可以理解的是,本文后述部分中的无人飞行器可以被替换成移动机器人。目标对象可以为移动机器人的跟随对象,即在跟随模式中,移动机器人对目标对象进行追踪,并对目标对象进行跟随,即跟随目标对象移动。其中,所述目标对象为可以为人物、动物或者其他可以移动的物体。
进一步地,如图2所示,在跟随模式中,目标对象201可能处于移动状态,移动机器人202可以获取目标对象201的运动轨迹203,即目标对象201在历史时刻的运动轨迹203。其中,目标对象201的运动轨迹203可以包括目标对象201在移动过程中的不同时间的位置信息,移动机器人202可以周期性或者非周期性地获取所述位置信息,所述位置信息组成目标对象201的运动轨迹203。
S102:控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动。
具体地,继续参考图2,移动机器人202在获取到目标对象201的运动轨迹203之后,可以控制移动机器人202按照该运动轨迹203移动,即移动机器人202将目标对象201的运动轨迹确定为自己的运动轨迹,并按照目标对象201的运动轨迹203移动。
在某些实施例中,当追踪不到目标对象时,控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动。
具体地,移动机器人获取目标对象的移动轨迹,即获取目标对象在历史时刻的运动轨迹。在跟随模式中,即在移动机器人对目标对象进行跟随的过程中,当移动机器人追踪不到目标对象时,即当移动机器人不能确定出目标对象的位置信息时,移动机器人的处理器可以控制移动机器人按照已获取到的运动轨迹进行移动,即按照已获取到的目标对象的历史时刻的运动轨迹进 行移动。
其中,如图3所示,目标对象201可能在复杂环境中移动,其中,所述环境中可能存在如图3所示的一个或多个障碍物204,按照现有技术中跟随模式中移动机器人的轨迹规划规划出的轨迹,移动机器人201按照所述轨迹移动时可能会撞到障碍物204。本发明实施例中,由于将获取的目标对象201的运动轨迹203作为移动机器人202的移动轨迹,因此,移动机器人202在移动的过程中不会撞到障碍物204,提供了一种跟随模式中移动机器人的轨迹规划方法,减小轨迹规划难度。
另外,由于运动轨迹203是目标对象201产生的,移动机器人202按照目标对象201的运动轨迹203移动,可以最大程度的保证目标对象201在移动机器人202的追踪范围内,这样可以提高移动机器人对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象的跟随的成功率和稳健性。下面举例来说明,请参考图3,目标对象201朝如图所示的目标对象205的方向移动,移动机器人202按照目标对象201的运动轨迹203朝如图所示的移动机器人206的方向移动,在移动的过程中,由于障碍物204的遮挡,移动机器人202追踪不到目标对象201,然而,由于移动机器人202按照目标对象201的运动轨迹203移动,移动机器人202运动至如图所示的移动机器人206所示的位置时,即便目标对象201运动至如图所示的目标对象205的位置,目标对象205将会重新处于移动机器人206的追踪范围内,这样可以提高移动机器人206对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象205的跟随的成功率和稳健性。
本实施例提供的移动机器人的控制方法,通过获取目标对象的运动轨迹,并控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动,由于运动轨迹是目标对象移动所产生的,因此,移动机器人按照该运动轨迹进行移动时,提高移动机器人对在复杂环境中移动的目标对象的跟随的成功率和稳健性。同时提供了一种在跟随模式中移动机器人的轨迹规划方法,可以有效地降低移动机器人的轨迹规划难度,并提高移动机器人的避障成功的概率。
图4为本发明实施例提供的控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动的流程示意图,图5为本发明实施例提供的对运动轨迹进行滤波处理前后在XY平面内的效果对比示意图。在上述实施例的基础上,继续参考附图4-5可知,本实施例对于控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动的具体实现过程不做限定,本 领域技术人员可以根据具体的设计需求进行设置,较为优选的,本实施例中的控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动可以包括:
S401:对运动轨迹进行滤波处理;
一般情况下,所获取的目标对象的运动轨迹数据中会包含有高频分量,如图5中的运动轨迹L1,具有高频分量的运动轨迹L1较为毛糙,此时,若按照该运动轨迹L1对移动机器人进行控制,容易使得移动机器人自身产生振荡,移动机器人的姿态会产生较大抖动,另外,当移动机器人配置有拍摄装置时,拍摄装置中的拍摄画面也会产生抖动。因此,可以对该运动轨迹中的高频分量进行滤除操作。具体的,可以将获取到的运动轨迹输入滤波器中进行滤波处理,得到滤波后的轨迹。其中,所述滤波器可以采用巴特沃斯滤波器、切比雪夫滤波器或者其他类型的低通滤波器。如图5中的运动轨迹L2,经过滤波处理后的运动轨迹L2较为平滑。
S402:控制移动机器人按照滤波处理后的运动轨迹进行移动。
在对运动轨迹进行滤波处理后,可以控制移动机器人按照经过滤波处理后的运动轨迹进行移动,从而有效地保证了移动机器人按照一个较为平滑的轨迹移动,进一步提高了该控制方法使用的稳定可靠性。
图6为本发明实施例提供的获取目标对象的运动轨迹的流程示意图一;图7为本发明实施例提供的获取目标对象的运动轨迹的流程示意图二。在上述实施例的基础上,继续参考附图6-7可知,本实施例对于目标对象的运动轨迹的具体获取方式不做限定,本领域技术人员可以根据具体的设计需求进行设置。其中,一种可实现的方式为:该移动机器人可以包括拍摄装置,拍摄装置包括:照相机、摄像机、具有摄像头的终端或者其他具有拍摄功能的设备等等;此时,获取目标对象的运动轨迹可以包括:
S601:通过拍摄装置获取目标对象的图像;
S602:根据图像获取目标对象的运动轨迹。
具体的,拍摄装置可以输出目标对象的图像,移动机器人的处理器可以获取所述目标对象的图像,进一步地,可以获取多帧目标对象的图像,移动机器人的处理器可以根据图像获取目标对象的运动轨迹。
下面介绍一种根据图像获取目标对象的运动轨迹的实现方式:移动机器人的处理器可以获取目标对象在所述图像中的位置,并根据所述目标对象在 所述图像中的位置信息和拍摄装置的拍摄姿态确定确定目标对象相对于移动机器人的朝向,并根据所述朝向和目标对象与移动机器人之间的水平距离确定目标对象相对于移动机器人的位置信息,最后根据目标对象相对于移动机器人的位置信息和移动机器人的位置信息确定目标对象的位置信息。在确定了目标对象的位置信息之后,即可确定目标对象的运动轨迹。
对于目标对象的运动轨迹的具体获取方式而言,另一种可实现的方式为:获取目标对象的运动轨迹可以包括:
S701:获取目标对象携带的控制终端所发送的运动数据;
S702:根据运动数据获取目标对象的运动轨迹。
具体地,目标对象可以携带控制终端,其中,所述控制终端包括遥控器、智能手机、平板电脑、穿戴式设备(手表、手环)中的一种或多种。所述控制终端包括运动传感器,其中,所述运动传感器可以感知目标对象的运动,并输出目标对象的运动数据。其中,运动数据可以包括位置信息、速度信息和加速度信息中的至少一种。控制终端可以将所述运动数据发送给移动机器人,移动机器人在获取到运动数据之后,可以根据运动数据确定目标对象的位置信息,从而可以获取目标对象的运动轨迹。
通过上述任意一种可实现获取目标对象的运动轨迹的方式,均可以准确、有效地获取到目标对象的运动轨迹,进一步保证了该控制方法使用的准确可靠性。
在上述实施例的基础上,继续参考附图8-12可知,本实施例中,在移动机器人按照运动轨迹进行移动的过程中,该方法还包括:控制移动机器人的移动速度,以使移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为预设轨迹距离,其中,移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为运动轨迹上的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度。
具体地,在移动机器人按照目标对象的运动轨迹移动的过程中,移动机器人的处理器可以对移动机器人的移动速度进行实时地控制以使目标对象和移动机器人在运动轨迹上的距离为预设轨迹距离,该预设轨迹距离即为在运动轨迹上移动机器人与目标对象之间所应该保持的理想距离。其中,所述使目标对象和移动机器人在运动轨迹上的距离为预设轨迹距离可以理解为使目标对象和移动机器人在运动轨迹上的距离大致为预设轨迹距离。
在某些实施例中,所述预设轨迹距离为移动机器人进入跟随模式时目标对象与移动机器人之间的距离。具体地,在用户控制移动机器人进入跟随模式时,即控制移动机器人开始对目标对象进行跟随时,移动机器人可以获取目标对象与移动机器人之间的距离,并根据所述距离确定预设轨迹距离。例如,可以将距离直接确定为预设轨迹距离。
在某些实施例中,所述预设轨迹距离是从移动机器人的控制终端通过检测用户的操作获取的。具体地,用户可以通过对控制终端进行操作以设置运动轨迹上的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度,控制终端可以根据检测到的操作确定动轨迹上的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度,并将确定出的所述轨迹长度发送给移动机器人,移动机器人将所述轨迹长度确定为预设轨迹距离。
在某些实施例中,所述预设轨迹距离为一个固定值,并固化在移动机器人的处理器的程序代码中。
进一步的,在控制移动机器人的移动速度时,可以包括以下步骤:
S801:获取当前时刻的移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离;
具体的,移动机器人可以实时地获取当前时刻的移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离,其中,当前轨迹距离可以是指当前时刻在运动轨迹上移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度。例如,移动机器人的处理器可以获取当前时刻自身的位置信息和当前时刻目标对象的位置信息,根据所述自身的位置信息确定当前时刻移动机器人在所述目标对象的运动轨迹上的位置,并根据所述目标对象的位置信息确定当前时刻目标对象在所述目标对象的运动轨迹上的位置,然后,根据移动机器人在所述运动轨迹上的位置和目标对象在所述运动轨迹上的位置确定当前时刻的移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离。
S802:根据当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制移动机器人的移动速度。
具体的,在获取到当前轨迹距离之后,可以根据当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离来控制移动机器人的移动速度。
其中,所述根据当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制移动机器人的移动速度可以包括如下几种可行的实现方式:
一种可行的实现方式:确定当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离之间的误差, 根据所述差值控制移动机器人的移动速度。
具体的,移动机器人的处理器当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离之间的误差,根据所述误差生成用于控制移动机器人的速度控制指令,并根据所述速度控制指令控制移动机器人的移动速度。其中,在获取到所述轨迹距离误差后,可以采用闭环控制算法(例如PID算法)来生成所述控制指令。
另一种可行的实现方式:
S901:获取目标对象在运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度,其中,历史位置点为当前时刻的移动机器人在运动轨迹上的位置点;
S902:根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制移动机器人的移动速度。
具体的,为了提高移动机器人对目标对象的跟随稳定性,目标对象在运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度较大时,移动机器人在所述历史位置点的移动速度应该变大;目标对象在运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度较小时,移动机器人在所述历史位置点的移动速度应该变小。历史位置点为当前时刻的移动机器人在运动轨迹上的位置点。因此,在对当前时刻的移动机器人的移动速度进行控制时,可以获取目标对象在运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度,将所述历史速度作为对移动机器人的移动速度进行控制的一个控制量,并根据所述历史速度、当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离来控制移动机器人的移动速度。即根据所述历史速度、当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离生成速度控制指令,根据所述速度控制指令控制移动机器人的移动速度。
进一步地,所述根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制移动机器人的移动速度可以包括:
S1001:根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和预先设置的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差获取目标势场函数信息;
具体地,本步骤所获取的目标势场函数信息是对移动机器人的移动速度进行控制的一个控制量,其中,所述目标势场函数信息作为控制量的目的是通过控制移动机器人的移动速度使得在所述运动轨迹上的移动机器人与目标对象的轨迹距离在一个大致接近于所述预设轨迹距离的范围内,其中,所述范围是根据所述预设轨迹距离和预先设置的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差确定的。若当前轨迹距离小于这个范围的最小值时,说明在所述 运动轨迹上移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离比较小,在根据所述目标势场函数信息对移动机器人的移动速度进行控制时,应该指示移动机器人减小移动速度以增大移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离。若当前轨迹距离大于这个范围的最大值时,说明在所述运动轨迹上移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离比较大,在根据所述目标势场函数信息对移动机器人的移动速度进行控制时,应该指示移动机器人增大移动速度以减小移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离。若当前轨迹距离在这个范围内时,则可以认为所述当前轨迹距离大致等于预设轨迹距离,此时,在根据所述目标势场函数信息对移动机器人的移动速度进行控制时,可以指示移动机器人的移动速度不变。具体的,根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和预先设置的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差、并利用以下公式来获取目标势场函数信息:
Figure PCTCN2018096647-appb-000001
其中,F tar为目标势场函数信息,d为当前轨迹距离,d des为预设轨迹距离,d cor为预先设置的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差。
另外,参考附图11可知,在d<d des-d cor时,例如:如图11中在0-2s的时间段,此时,说明移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离较小,在d>d des+d cor时,例如:如图11中在10s左右时,此时,说明移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离较大,在d des-d cor<d<d des+d cor时,例如:如图11中在2s-8s的时间段,说明移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离大致等于预设轨迹距离。
进一步的,为了使目标对象和移动机器人在运动轨迹上的距离大致为预设轨迹距离,在移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离较小时,目标势场函数信息F tar小于0,可以减小移动速度以使移动机器人朝向远离目标对象的方向进行移动,这样可以增大移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离。在移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离较大时,目标势场函数信息F tar大于0,可以增大移动速度,以使移动机器人朝向靠近目标对象的方向进行移动,这样可以减小移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离。综上可知,若当前轨迹距 离不在范围内时,即所述当前轨迹距离不属于大致等于所述预设轨迹距离的情况时,可以在目标势场函数信息的作用下,对移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离进行及时、有效地调整。
S1002:根据预设轨迹距离确定轨迹点势场函数信息;
其中,轨迹点势场函数信息是对移动机器人的移动速度进行控制的另一个控制量,用于在移动机器人按照目标对象的运动轨迹移动时,控制或者调整移动机器人在所述运动轨迹上落后于目标对象的轨迹距离,如图12所示,附图中的曲线T为目标对象的运动轨迹,附图中的曲线M为移动机器人的运动轨迹,由此可见,移动机器人的运动轨迹在时间上落后于目标对象的运动轨迹。而具体应用时,可以直接将预设轨迹距离确定为轨迹点势场函数信息;也即:F tarj=d des,其中,F tarj为轨迹点势场函数信息,d des为预设轨迹距离。
S1003:将目标势场函数信息、轨迹点势场函数信息和历史速度进行加权运算以获取速度控制指令;
在获取到目标势场函数信息、轨迹点势场函数信息和历史速度之后,可以将目标势场函数信息、轨迹点势场函数信息和历史速度进行加权运算,具体可参考下述公式,从而可以获取到速度控制指令:
V cmd=w 1F tar+w 2F tarj+w 3V feed
其中,V cmd为速度控制指令,w 1为目标势场函数信息所对应的预设权重系数,F tar为目标势场函数信息,w 2为轨迹点势场函数信息所对应的预设权重系数,F tarj为轨迹点势场函数信息,w 3为历史速度所对应的预设权重系数,V feed为所述历史速度。
通过上述公式获取到的速度控制指令,综合考虑了移动机器人在跟随目标对象的过程中所存在的各个因素(移动机器人与目标对象之间的距离因素和速度因素)的影响,从而保证了速度控制指令获取的准确可靠性。
S1004:根据速度控制指令控制移动机器人的移动速度。
在获取到速度控制指令之后,可以根据速度控制指令来控制移动机器人的移动速度,以使得移动机器人可以对目标对象进行稳定、可靠地跟踪。
进一步的,为了提高该控制方法的实用性,本实施例中,在移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动的过程中,该方法还可以包括:控制移动机器人的移动速 度,以使移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离在预设的直线距离范围内。
具体地,目标对象的移动轨迹可能是比较弯曲的,为了保证移动机器人与目标对象之间有一个安全距离,以保证移动机器人不会撞到目标对象,可以控制移动机器人的移动速度,以使移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离在预设的直线距离范围内。其中,直线距离范围为预先设置的,本领域技术人员可以根据具体的设计需求对其具体数值范围进行设置,例如,所述直线距离范围可以为大于或等于2米,当确定当前时刻移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离小于2米时,需要减小移动机器人的移动速度以增大移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离。
图13为本发明实施例提供的一种移动机器人的控制装置的结构示意图,参考附图13所示,本实施例提供了一种移动机器人的控制装置,该控制装置可以执行上述的移动机器人的控制方法,其中,移动机器人可以为无人飞行器;具体的,该控制装置可以包括:
存储器1301,用于存储计算机程序;
处理器1302,用于运行存储器1301中存储的计算机程序以实现:获取目标对象的运动轨迹,目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动。
其中,在处理器1302控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动时,该处理器1302具体用于执行:对运动轨迹进行滤波处理;控制移动机器人按照滤波处理后的运动轨迹进行移动。
另外,对于目标对象的运动轨迹的具体获取方式而言,一种可实现的方式为:移动机器人包括拍摄装置,此时,在处理器1302获取目标对象的运动轨迹时,处理器1302可以用于执行:通过拍摄装置获取目标对象的图像;根据图像获取目标对象的运动轨迹。另一种可实现的方式为:在处理器1302获取目标对象的运动轨迹,处理器1302可以用于执行:获取目标对象携带的控制终端所发送的运动数据;根据运动数据获取目标对象的运动轨迹。
进一步的,在移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动的过程中,所述处理器1302还用于:
控制移动机器人的移动速度,以使移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距 离为预设轨迹距离,其中,移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为运动轨迹上的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度。其中,预设轨迹距离是从移动机器人的控制终端通过检测用户的操作获取的。
其中,所述处理器1302控制移动机器人的移动速度时,具体用于:获取当前时刻的移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离;根据当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制移动机器人的移动速度。
而处理器1302根据当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制移动机器人的移动速度时,具体用于:获取目标对象在运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度,其中,历史位置点为当前时刻的移动机器人在运动轨迹上的位置点;根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制移动机器人的移动速度。
具体的,处理器1302根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制移动机器人的移动速度可以时,具体用于:根据当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和预先设置的移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差获取目标势场函数信息;根据预设轨迹距离确定轨迹点势场函数信息;将目标势场函数信息、轨迹点势场函数信息和历史速度进行加权运算以获取速度控制指令;根据速度控制指令控制移动机器人的移动速度。
进一步的,在移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动的过程中,所述处理器1302还用于:控制移动机器人的移动速度,以使移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离在预设的直线距离范围内。
本实施例提供的一种移动机器人的控制装置能够用于执行图1-图12实施例所对应的方法,其具体执行方式和有益效果类似,在这里不再赘述。
图14为本发明实施例提供的又一种移动机器人的控制装置的结构示意图;参考附图14所示,本实施例提供了又一种移动机器人的控制装置,该控制装置可以执行上述的移动机器人的控制方法,其中,移动机器人可以为无人飞行器;具体的,该控制装置可以包括:
获取模块1401:用于获取目标对象的运动轨迹,目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;
控制模块1402,用于控制移动机器人按照运动轨迹移动。
本实施例提供的一种移动机器人的控制装置中的获取模块1401和控制 模块1402能够用于执行图1-图12实施例所对应的方法,并且具体执行方式和有益效果类似,在这里不再赘述。
本实施例的又一方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,该计算机可读存储介质中存储有程序指令,程序指令用于实现上述的移动机器人的控制方法。
图15为本发明实施例提供的一种移动机器人***的结构示意图,图16为本发明实施例提供的一种无人飞行器***的结构示意图,参考附图15-16可知,本实施例提供了一种移动机器人***,包括:
移动机器人1501;
上述的控制装置1502,控制装置1502用于控制移动机器人1501。
其中,移动机器人1501可以为无人飞行器,而控制装置1502可以设置于无人飞行器上。
对于无人飞行器***的结构而言,具体可参考附图16,该无人飞行器***1600包括:无人飞行器1601和上述控制装置1602,所述无人飞行器1601包括机身和动力***,动力***包括如下至少一种:电机1607、螺旋桨1606和电子调速器1617,动力***安装在机身,用于提供飞行动力;控制装置1602可以设置于机身上,并且该控制装置1602的实现方式和具体原理与上述实施例的控制设备一致,此处不再赘述。
在一些实施例中,控制装置1602具体可以是飞行控制器,该飞行控制器与动力***通讯连接,用于控制无人飞行器1601飞行。
另外,如图16所示,无人飞行器1601还包括:传感***1608、通信***1610、支撑装置1603、拍摄装置1604,其中,支撑装置1603具体可以是云台,通信***1610具体用于与地面的控制终端通信。
以上各个实施例中的技术方案、技术特征在与本相冲突的情况下均可以单独,或者进行组合,只要未超出本领域技术人员的认知范围,均属于本申请保护范围内的等同实施例。
在本发明所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的相关装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意 性的,例如,所述模块或单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得计算机处理器101(processor)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁盘或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种移动机器人的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取目标对象的运动轨迹,所述目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;
    控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动,包括:
    对所述运动轨迹进行滤波处理;
    控制所述移动机器人按照滤波处理后的运动轨迹移动。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述移动机器人包括拍摄装置,所述获取目标对象的运动轨迹,包括:
    通过所述拍摄装置获取所述目标对象的图像;
    根据所述图像获取所述目标对象的运动轨迹。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取目标对象的运动轨迹,包括:
    获取所述目标对象携带的控制终端所发送的运动数据;
    根据所述运动数据获取所述目标对象的运动轨迹。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动的过程中,所述方法还包括:
    控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,以使所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为预设轨迹距离,其中,所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为所述运动轨迹上的所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,包括:
    获取当前时刻的所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离;
    根据所述当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制所述移动机器人的移动速度。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,包括:
    获取所述目标对象在所述运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度,其中,所述历史位置点为当前时刻的移动机器人在所述运动轨迹上的位置点;
    根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制所述移动机器人的移动速度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,包括:
    根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和预先设置的所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差获取目标势场函数信息;
    根据所述预设轨迹距离确定轨迹点势场函数信息;
    将所述目标势场函数信息、轨迹点势场函数信息和历史速度进行加权运算以获取速度控制指令;
    根据所述速度控制指令控制所述移动机器人的移动速度。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预设轨迹距离是从所述移动机器人的控制终端通过检测用户的操作获取的。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动的过程中,所述方法还包括:
    控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,以使所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离在预设的直线距离范围内。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述移动机器人为无人飞行器。
  12. 一种移动机器人的控制装置,其特征在于,包括:
    存储器,用于存储计算机程序;
    处理器,用于运行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序以实现:
    获取目标对象的运动轨迹,所述目标对象为移动机器人的跟随对象;
    控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器控制所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动时,具体用于:
    对所述运动轨迹进行滤波处理;
    控制所述移动机器人按照滤波处理后的运动轨迹移动。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述移动机器人包括拍摄装置,所述处理器获取目标对象的运动轨迹时,具体用于:
    通过所述拍摄装置获取所述目标对象的图像;
    根据所述图像获取所述目标对象的运动轨迹。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器获取目标对象的运动轨迹时,具体用于:
    获取所述目标对象携带的控制终端所发送的运动数据;
    根据所述运动数据获取所述目标对象的运动轨迹。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15中任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动的过程中,所述处理器还用于:
    控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,以使所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为预设轨迹距离,其中,所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离为所述运动轨迹上的所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹长度。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器控制所述移动机器人的移动速度时,具体用于:
    获取当前时刻的所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的当前轨迹距离;
    根据所述当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制所述移动机器人的移动速度。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器根据所述当前轨迹距离和预设轨迹距离控制所述移动机器人的移动速度时,具体用于:
    获取所述目标对象在所述运动轨迹上的历史位置点时的历史速度,其中,所述历史位置点为当前时刻的移动机器人在所述运动轨迹上的位置点;
    根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制所述移动机器人的移动速度。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和历史速度控制所述移动机器人的移动速度时,具体用于:
    根据所述当前轨迹距离、预设轨迹距离和预先设置的所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的轨迹距离误差获取目标势场函数信息;
    根据所述预设轨迹距离确定轨迹点势场函数信息;
    将所述目标势场函数信息、轨迹点势场函数信息和历史速度进行加权运算以获取速度控制指令;
    根据所述速度控制指令控制所述移动机器人的移动速度。
  20. 根据权利要求16-19中任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述预 设轨迹距离是从所述移动机器人的控制终端通过检测用户的操作获取的。
  21. 根据权利要求12-20中任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述移动机器人按照所述运动轨迹移动的过程中,所述处理器还用于:
    控制所述移动机器人的移动速度,以使所述移动机器人与目标对象之间的直线距离在预设的直线距离范围内。
  22. 根据权利要求12-21中任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述移动机器人为无人飞行器。
  23. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,该计算机可读存储介质中存储有程序指令,所述程序指令用于实现权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的移动机器人的控制方法。
  24. 一种移动机器人***,其特征在于,包括:
    移动机器人;
    权利要求12-22中任意一项所述的控制装置,所述控制装置用于控制所述移动机器人。
PCT/CN2018/096647 2018-07-23 2018-07-23 移动机器人的控制方法、装置及移动机器人*** WO2020019113A1 (zh)

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