WO2020013011A1 - ナス科植物の苗の栽培装置及び栽培方法 - Google Patents
ナス科植物の苗の栽培装置及び栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/249—Lighting means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
- F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
- F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for cultivating a seedling of a solanaceous plant using an artificial light source, and more specifically, a cultivation apparatus that suppresses the occurrence of growth disorders when cultivating a seedling of a solanaceous plant, and Regarding the cultivation method.
- the method of cultivating a plant using an artificial light source in a closed environment is a plant cultivation method in which the cultivation environment of the plant is controlled using a lighting device, an air conditioner, a carbon dioxide fertilizer, a watering device, and the like. Therefore, when this method is used for plant seedling production, the space required for cultivation is based on various environmental conditions such as light quality, light irradiation intensity, irradiation time, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, irrigation amount, fertilization amount, etc. Can be adjusted to an optimum state for the growth of seedlings of the plant.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-202072
- a blue LED, a red light emitting phosphor, and a green light emitting phosphor are combined and mixed.
- a light-emitting device wherein the emission spectrum has a first peak wavelength in a range of 420 to 460 nm, a second peak wavelength in a range of 520 to 570 nm, a third peak wavelength in a range of 610 to 660 nm, Wherein the relative emission intensity value at the third peak wavelength is at least 1.2 times and at most 1.6 times the relative emission intensity value at the second peak wavelength.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-202050
- a light source unit for suppressing physiological disorders of plants comprising a main light source for irradiating light and an auxiliary light source for irradiating light having a spectrum having at least one peak in a wavelength range of 280 nm or more and less than 400 nm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of solving the above-described problems, suppressing the occurrence of leaf clubbing, and stably cultivating high-quality solanaceous plant seedlings. .
- a cultivation apparatus provided with an illumination device for cultivating a seedling of a solanaceous plant, wherein the illumination device has a wavelength region A of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm and a wavelength region of 500 nm or more and less than 700 nm.
- a light source constituting a spectrum indicating a region B, a photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 100 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, and a photon flux density in the wavelength region A and a photon flux in the wavelength region B
- the cultivation apparatus wherein the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 70% or more and less than 99% when the total with the density is 100%.
- the cultivation device is disposed in a closed structure, provided with an air conditioner for air-conditioning the inside of the closed structure, and provided with a watering device for watering the seedlings.
- the cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [4].
- [8] A cultivation method characterized by cultivating a seedling of a solanaceous plant using the cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [7].
- the apparatus and method for cultivating a seedling of a solanaceous plant of the present invention it is possible to suppress the occurrence of clubbing on the seedling of a solanaceous plant, and to stably cultivate a high-quality seedling.
- FIG. 1a and 1b are horizontal sectional views of the cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment
- FIG. 1a is a sectional view taken along line Ia-Ia of FIG. 2b
- FIG. 1b is a sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib of FIG. 2b
- 2a is a sectional view taken along the line IIa-IIa of FIG. 1a
- FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along the line IIb-IIb of FIG. 1a
- FIG. 3 is a front view of the multi-stage shelf cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of an irrigation tray of the multi-shelf cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1a is a sectional view taken along line Ia-Ia of FIG. 2b
- FIG. 1b is a sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib of FIG. 2b
- FIG. 3 is a front view of
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the tray of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the artificial lighting device.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a tray of a multi-shelf cultivation apparatus according to another embodiment.
- 4 is a graph showing the spectral light quantum flux density in Example 1.
- 11 is a graph showing the spectral light quantum flux density in Example 2.
- 14 is a graph showing the spectral light quantum flux density in Example 3.
- 9 is a graph showing the spectral light quantum flux density in Comparative Example 3.
- 14 is a graph showing the spectral light quantum flux density in Comparative Example 5.
- a seedling refers to a young plant, preferably a transplanted seedling used for planting in another cultivation place such as a greenhouse or a field.
- the height of the above-ground portion of the seedling to be applied is preferably 50 cm or less, more preferably 40 cm or less. , More preferably 30 cm or less.
- Plant seedlings include those grown from seeds, those grown by cuttings and cuttings, those grown by stock splitting, and those grown by tissue culture.
- seedlings of Solanaceae plants include those grown by any method.
- the cultivation apparatus and the cultivation method of the present invention are for cultivating seedlings of Solanaceae plants.
- the solanaceous plant is not particularly limited, and any of them can be applied, and examples thereof include tomato, eggplant, pepper, paprika, shishito, capsicum, habanero, and jalapeno.
- tomatoes, peppers, paprika and eggplants are more preferred as solanaceous plants, and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are particularly preferred.
- Tomato varieties include, for example, Momotaro, Momotaro T93, CF Momotaro York, Momotaro Piece, Momotaro Natsumi, CF Momotaro Haruka, CF House Momotaro, House Momotaro, CF Momotaro Fight, Momotaro York, Momotaro 8, Momotaro Grande, Momotaro J, Momotaro Fight, Rinka 409, Reika, Reyo, Aiko, Fultica, Hidemi, Grace, Crown Beauty, Misora 64, Kanpuku, Ryufuku, Ichifuku, SR Saifuku, Kantaro Jr.
- the seedlings of the Solanaceae plants are preferably used for grafting. Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the seedlings of the Solanaceae plants are more preferably rootstock varieties for grafting. Thereby, the effect of suppressing the occurrence of clubbing is remarkable.
- the rootstock varieties for grafting are not particularly limited, but include, for example, Arnold, B Barrier, Receive, Maxifort, Doctor K, Kagemusha, Anchor T, Vespa, Gardner, Volunteer, Green Guard, Green Force, Green Save, Block , Support, Magnet, Friendship, Back Attack, Assist, LS-89, Ganbaru Root, Ganbaru Root No. 3, Ganbaru Root No.
- the seedlings of the Solanaceae plants used in the present invention are preferably cell-molded seedlings.
- the cell molded seedling refers to a seedling that is raised in a cell-like connected pot molded of plastic or the like, and is formed in a root pot and then transplanted to a field or the like.
- Cell molded seedlings are cultivated at a higher density than the cultivation method using individual seedling pots or individual pots, so it is difficult to irradiate light uniformly to the leaves, and the leaves are placed behind the adjacent leaves. Or the leaves are arranged in a direction different from the direction in which the light is emitted, so that a shaded portion is likely to occur.
- an illuminating device having a light source constituting a spectrum showing a wavelength region A of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm and a wavelength region B of 500 nm or more and less than 700 nm is used.
- the light emitted from this light source easily forms reflected light, and can be adjusted so that all seedlings and leaves are irradiated with an appropriate amount of light. Thereby, even when many seedlings are raised at one time, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of growth disorders such as leaf clubbing. Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the side surface forming the shelf of the seedling cultivation device be a reflector.
- the reflection plate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a white resin plate, an aluminum plate, and a white painted steel plate.
- onset of leaf clubbing is confirmed immediately before planting. For this reason, it is preferable to confirm the onset of leaf clubbing and settle seedlings at a time when the growth stage is appropriate for the type of plant to be cultivated. Specifically, for example, seedlings of solanaceous plants are cultivated with the cultivation apparatus of the present invention until the growth stage where the height of the plant is 3 cm or more and 40 cm or less, or the number of true leaves is 1 or more and 10 or less. It is preferred to do so.
- the period for cultivating the seedlings of the Solanaceae plant is shortened in such a range, and planting is performed in another field or the like that irradiates sunlight or the like. Generation can be suppressed effectively. Further, in the cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the period for cultivating the seedlings of the Solanaceae plant is shortened, and the seedlings are planted at an early stage, so that the cultivation apparatus can be a multi-stage shelf type. This is preferable because it is possible to cultivate as many seedlings as possible.
- the cultivation apparatus of the present invention provided with the lighting device, by increasing the period for cultivating the seedlings of the Solanaceae plant in such a range, the seedlings of the Solanaceae family can be sufficiently grown, and the growth after planting or grafting. Afterwards, survival will be smooth.
- a tomato seedling is cultivated to a growth stage of a plant height of 3 cm or more and 40 cm or less, or a true leaf of 1 or more and 10 or less, and does not develop leaf clubbing. Further, it is more preferable that the tomato seedlings are cultivated to a growth stage in which the height of the plant is 5 cm or more and 30 cm or less, or the number of true leaves is 2 or more and 8 or less, and does not develop leaf clubbing.
- the cultivation apparatus of the present invention is used to cultivate the plant to a growth height of 25 cm or less or a true leaf of 8 or less, and causes the occurrence of leaf clubbing. It is preferable that the growth is not more than 20 cm or that the number of true leaves is 6 or less.
- solanaceous seedling when used for grafting or when a rootstock variety for grafting is used, it is cultivated to a growth stage with a plant height of 15 cm or less, or a true leaf of 4 or less, and it causes leaf clubbing. It is particularly preferred that they are not present.
- rootstock varieties for grafting which are susceptible to the development of leaf clubbing, so they are cultivated using a lighting device until such a growth stage, and then planted in another field that is irradiated with sunlight or the like. Is preferred. According to this, the effect of suppressing the occurrence of clubbing is remarkable.
- the present invention provided with the above-mentioned lighting device is used for up to a growth stage of not more than 13 cm in height or not more than 3 true leaves. It is more preferable to cultivate in the cultivation apparatus of the above, and then to settle in the field.
- the cultivation period of the seedlings is longer, the number of true leaves expanded, more likely to develop as the seedlings grow, in one embodiment of the present invention, the effect of suppressing the development of leaf clubbing
- up to a growth stage of 5 cm or more in height or one or more true leaves can be utilized.
- the plant is cultivated to a growth stage of 10 cm or more in height or two or more true leaves.
- the cultivation apparatus includes a lighting device for growing seedlings of Solanaceae plants.
- the cultivation device includes a lighting device for suppressing physiological disorders of the Solanaceous plant.
- the lighting device has a light source that constitutes a spectrum that shows a wavelength region A of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm and a wavelength region B of 500 nm or more and less than 700 nm.
- the illuminating device may be any device that simultaneously irradiates the wavelength region A and the wavelength region B.
- the light source constituting the spectrum representing the wavelength region A and the light source constituting the spectrum representing the wavelength region B are respectively provided.
- the lighting device a light source constituting a spectrum showing only the wavelength region A, a light source constituting a spectrum showing only the wavelength region B, and a light source constituting a spectrum showing both the wavelength region A and the wavelength region B, By combining one or a plurality of them, the photon flux density ratio of the wavelength region A and the wavelength region B can be set to a specific range.
- the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 100 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, and when the total of the photon flux density in the wavelength region A and the photon flux density in the wavelength region B is 100%,
- the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 70% or more and less than 99%.
- the photon flux density means a photon flux density measured on a cultivation surface of a seedling. Specifically, it is a value measured by disposing the light receiving surface of the spectral irradiometer horizontally and upward at the position of the leaves of the seedling.
- the lighting device used for cultivation apparatus photon flux density in the wavelength region A is not less 100 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, preferably 150 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, 180 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, more preferably 200 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, and particularly preferably 220 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more.
- the upper limit of the photon flux density of the wavelength region A is not particularly limited, considering the effect on plant growth caused by heat generated from the light source, it is preferably from 1200 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, 1000 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or less, more preferably 700 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or less.
- the lighting device is preferably photon flux density of the wavelength region B is less than 200 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, more preferably not more than 100 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, 80 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or less.
- the lower limit of the photon flux density of the wavelength region B although not particularly limited, preferably greater than 0 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, more preferably greater than 1 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, 3 ⁇ mol / m It is particularly preferred that it is greater than 2 / sec.
- the spectrum of the light source included in the lighting device is such that when the sum of the photon flux density in the wavelength region A and the photon flux density in the wavelength region B is 100%, the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 100%. Is 70% or more and less than 99%. That is, when the total of the photon flux density in the wavelength region A and the photon flux density in the wavelength region B is 100%, the photon flux density in the wavelength region B is 1% or more and less than 30%.
- the ratio of the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 85% or more.
- the ratio of the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is preferably 98% or less, more preferably 97% or less.
- the spectrum of the light source of the lighting device has at least one peak of photon flux density (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “first emission peak wavelength”) in a wavelength region A of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm. It is preferred to have. Further, the first emission peak wavelength preferably has a half width of 60 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less, and still more preferably 30 nm or less. Thereby, it is possible to suppress abnormalities in the morphogenesis of the seedlings and to cultivate normal seedlings more efficiently.
- first emission peak wavelength preferably has a half width of 60 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less, and still more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the spectrum of the light source included in the illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention further has a peak of photon flux density in a wavelength region B of 500 nm or more and less than 700 nm (hereinafter, may be referred to as “second emission peak wavelength”). It is preferable to have
- the spectrum of the light source included in the lighting device used in the cultivation device of the present invention does not substantially include ultraviolet rays. Specifically, it is preferable not to contain ultraviolet rays having a wavelength less than 280 nm, which are harmful to the human body and plants, more preferably not containing ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of less than 295 nm, more preferably not containing ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of less than 380 nm, and less than 400 nm. It is more preferable not to contain the ultraviolet rays of the above.
- the no and substantially free from ultraviolet, photon flux density in the wavelength region is preferably not more than 3 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, more preferably not more than 1 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec, 0 ⁇ mol / m 2 / Sec is particularly preferable.
- the lighting device may be a fluorescent lamp as long as it has a light source that constitutes a spectrum that indicates a wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm and a wavelength region B that is 500 nm or more and less than 700 nm.
- Any lighting device such as an organic EL that is a semiconductor lighting, a laser diode, an LED, and the like can be used.
- the lighting device is preferably a semiconductor lighting device, and more preferably uses an LED, in consideration of power consumption and easy control of finer wavelengths.
- the closed structure is a structure covered with a light-impermeable wall, preferably a structure surrounded by a heat insulating wall.
- the cultivation device is preferably disposed in a closed structure, including an air conditioner that air-conditions the inside of the closed structure, and includes a watering device that irrigates the seedlings. More preferred.
- the space where the seedlings are cultivated has various environmental conditions such as light quality, light irradiation intensity, irradiation time, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, irrigation amount, fertilization amount, etc., in a state suitable for seedling growth. It is possible to adjust.
- the lighting device can be detachably attached to the structure with an adhesive or a magnet. According to this, it is possible to appropriately change the combination of a plurality of types of lighting devices having different wavelength ranges, and it is possible to easily adjust the spectrum of light applied to the plant. In particular, a mode in which a magnet is attached to the back surface of the lighting device is preferable from the viewpoint of strength and ease of adjustment.
- the humidity in the closed structure is preferably in the range of 30 to 100%, more preferably in the range of 40 to 99%, and further preferably in the range of 40 to 95%. .
- the cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably has a humidity control mechanism.
- the humidity adjustment mechanism is not particularly limited as long as it can adjust the humidity in the closed structure, and any of them can be used.
- a humidifier, a dehumidifier, an air conditioner (air conditioner, etc.) Dehumidifying function for example, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, an air conditioner (air conditioner, etc.) Dehumidifying function.
- the multi-shelf cultivation apparatus forms a nursery space by arranging seedling raising shelves vertically in multiple stages.
- the cultivation apparatus is preferably a multi-stage shelf type, which enables efficient cultivation of many seedlings in a limited space.
- FIGS. 1a to 9 A preferred embodiment of the cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1a to 9 and FIG.
- a plurality of box-shaped (six in the illustrated example) multi-stage shelf cultivation apparatuses 3 to 8 are provided in a room of the closed type structure 1 surrounded by heat-insulating walls that do not allow light to pass through. Is installed.
- the room 1 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and a door 2 is provided on one lateral wall surface 1i.
- three multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 5 are arranged in a row so that their open front faces in the same direction to form one row, and three multi-shelf cultivation devices 6 to 8 also have their open fronts. Are arranged so as to face in the same direction to form one row, and two rows are arranged in the room such that the open front faces each other.
- the extending direction (longitudinal direction of the room) of the rows of the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 is referred to as the Y direction
- the direction in which the cultivation devices 6 to 8 face each other) may be referred to as the X direction.
- a space A is provided between these two rows of multi-shelf cultivation apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 so that one or more workers can work.
- a space B having a width of about 50 to 500 mm is provided between the longitudinal wall surfaces 1j and 1k of the room and the back of each of the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 8, and the air passing through the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 8 is provided. To form a passage.
- One end of the row of the multi-shelf cultivation apparatus 3 to 5, 6 to 8 is in contact with the wall 1h of the building opposite to the door 2.
- the other ends of the rows of the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 are slightly away from the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side.
- a rectifying plate for suppressing this flow may be provided at an appropriate place.
- each of the multi-shelf cultivation apparatuses 3 to 8 has a pedestal 3c, left and right side panels 3a, a back panel 3b on the back, and a top panel 3e on the zenith, and a box with an open front. It has a shaped structure. Inside this box-shaped structure, a plurality of seedling shelves 12 are arranged in multiple stages at regular intervals in the vertical direction.
- each multi-shelf cultivation apparatus 3 to 8 is about 2000 mm, which is a height that can be worked by an operator, and the width of the seedling rack 12 is a grid of tens to hundreds of cells (small bowls).
- a plurality of resin cell trays arranged side by side can be placed side by side, and the temperature and humidity in the upper space of each shelf 12 can be adjusted to be constant, for example, about 1000 mm to 2000 mm, and the depth of the seedling raising shelf 12 is 500 mm to 1000 mm. It is preferred that A plurality of cell trays 40 (see FIG. 1B) are placed substantially horizontally on each nursery rack 12.
- the dimensions of one cell tray are generally about 300 mm in width and about 600 mm in depth.
- the seedling raising shelf 12 at the bottom is mounted on the pedestal 3c.
- the level of the seedling rack 12 can be adjusted by an adjuster (not shown) provided on the pedestal 3c.
- Each seedling rack 12 is provided with a watering device 30 described later.
- a lighting device 13 is installed on the lower surface of each of the seedling shelves 12 and the top panel 3e in the second and higher stages from the bottom, and irradiates the plants growing on the cell tray 40 of the seedling shelves 12 directly below each lighting device 13 with light. It is configured. In this embodiment, the illumination devices 13 other than the uppermost one are attached to the lower surface of the irrigation tray 31 described later.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show details of the configuration of the lighting device 13. 8 is a bottom view of the box 14 provided with the lighting device 13, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG.
- the lighting device 13 includes a case 13c installed in the box 14 so as to face the opening 14a, a light source 13a installed in the case 13c, a synthetic resin cover 13b covering the lower surface of the case 13c, and the like. Have.
- the cover 13b is detachably attached to the case 13c.
- a switch 13s is provided on the lower surface of the box 14.
- the box 14 is a box-like body having a rectangular top plate 14t and a bottom plate 14b.
- the case 13c is provided with a plurality of (three in this embodiment) openings 14a in a direction parallel to the long side of the rectangular bottom plate 14b. The lower end is fitted in the opening 14a.
- the light source 13a installed in the case 13c includes a substrate, a plurality of LEDs as light sources installed on the substrate, and a circuit for driving the LEDs, although not shown.
- the board extends in the longitudinal direction of the case 13c, and the LEDs are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction.
- the cover 13b is a long curved plate-like body having a vertical cross section of an arc shape or a substantially elliptical arc shape and extending along the opening 14a.
- the cover 13b diffuses the light from the LED and emits the light downward.
- the lower surface of the cover 13b is a light emitting surface.
- the cover 13b is installed so as to be convex downward.
- the protruding height H of the cover 13b from the bottom plate 14b is 40 mm or less.
- Ventilation holes are provided in the rear panel 3 b behind the space between the seedling racks 12 and between the seedling rack 12 at the uppermost stage and the top panel 3 e (plant raising space). Each has an air fan 15 attached thereto.
- Ventilation holes are provided in the rear panel 3 b behind the space between the seedling racks 12 and between the seedling rack 12 at the uppermost stage and the top panel 3 e (plant raising space). Each has an air fan 15 attached thereto.
- an air conditioner 9 having a function of controlling the temperature and humidity of the air in the room and circulating the air whose temperature and humidity have been adjusted under the set conditions is installed.
- the air conditioner 9 has an air conditioner body (air conditioner) 9A having a heat exchanger, and a wind direction control plate 10 attached to a lower surface of the air conditioner body 9A.
- the compressor of the air conditioner body 9 ⁇ / b> A is installed outside the closed structure 1.
- the air conditioner main body 9A is located above the center of the room in plan view of the room.
- the intake 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A is provided on the lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A, and the wind direction control plate 10 is provided with an opening 10a at a position overlapping with the intake 9a.
- the air conditioner main body 9A is attached to the ceiling 1t of the closed structure, and has a structure in which the side surface is exposed in the room.
- An air discharge port 9b is provided on each of four side surfaces of the air conditioner body 9A.
- the wind direction control plate 10 has a portion around the opening 10a overlapping with the periphery of the intake 9a of the air conditioner body 9A.
- the opening 10a is the same size or larger than the intake 9a.
- the wind direction control plate 10 is supported on the ceiling 1t by a hanging tool (not shown).
- One end of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction is in contact with the wall surface 1h.
- the other end of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction extends to the wall surface 1i side from the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, but is slightly away from the wall surface 1i.
- An upright plate 10r is provided upright over the entire length of the other side of the wind direction control plate 10, and the upper end of the upright plate 10r is in contact with the ceiling 1t.
- the wind direction control plate 10 extends in the X direction between the ceiling 1t and the upper surfaces of the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 8.
- both ends in the X direction of the wind direction control plate 10 are vertically above or behind the front surface of the multi-shelf cultivating devices 3 to 5 and the multi-shelf cultivating devices 6 to 8 on the space A side, that is, the space B. Located on the side.
- the horizontal distance L between the both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 in the X direction and the front surfaces of the multi-stage shelf type cultivation devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 may be 0 mm, preferably 30 mm or more, more preferably 40 mm or more. , More preferably 90 mm or more, and even more preferably 140 mm or more.
- the space between both ends in the X direction of the wind direction control plate 10 and the ceiling 1t is an air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9.
- the outlet 9f may overlap with the front surface of the multi-shelf cultivation device 3 to 8 in plan view of the cultivation device, but is preferably located behind the distance L by the distance L.
- the intake 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A serves as the air intake of the air conditioner 9.
- This intake port is located forward of the front surfaces of the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 8, that is, on the space A side in plan view of the cultivation device.
- this work space also function as a space A for air circulation, and an effective circulation flow is formed.
- the flow velocity of the air flowing through the nursery space is preferably 0.1 m / sec or more, more preferably 0.2 m / sec or more, and even more preferably 0.3 m / sec or more. If the speed of the airflow is too high, there is a possibility that a problem may occur in growing the plants. Therefore, generally, the speed is preferably 2.0 m / sec or less.
- the airflow is flowed from the front of the seedling raising space through the fan 15 to the space B on the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state.
- the airflow is flowed from the back side of the shelf to the front side in a positive pressure state. Is also good.
- the airflow in the seedling raising space becomes uniform.
- a shelf plate of each seedling rack 12 is constituted by the irrigation tray 31 of the irrigation device (bottom irrigation device) 30, and the irrigation is performed from the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31. ing.
- a configuration example of the watering device 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 is a plan view of the watering apparatus, FIG. 6 is a perspective view, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG.
- This watering device 30 is provided with a rectangular watering tray 31 having a bottom plate 31d with side walls 31a, 31b, 31c standing upright on the rear side and on both left and right sides.
- a drain groove 32 is provided so as to be connected to the bottom plate 31d, and a drain port 32a is formed at one end of the drain groove 32.
- the drain groove 32 and the bottom plate 31 d are separated by a weir 34, and the nutrient solution flows out of the notch 34 a at both ends of the weir 34 into the drain groove 32.
- a water supply pipe 33 for supplying a nutrient solution into the irrigation tray 31 is provided along a side wall 31 a on a rear side of the irrigation tray 31, and the nutrient solution is supplied from a plurality of small holes 33 a provided in the water supply pipe 33. 31.
- a plurality of ribs 35 having a height of about 7 mm extend on the upper surface of the irrigation tray bottom plate 31d in parallel to the drain grooves 32, and the cell tray 40 is placed on these ribs 35. ing.
- the drainage groove 32 projects from the open front surface of the cultivation apparatus 3 to 8, as shown in FIG. It has been.
- the nutrient solution discharged from the drainage port 32a of the drainage groove 32 of the irrigation tray 31 placed on each stage of the seedling raising rack 12 is collected and outside the closed structure 1. Easier to discharge to
- the box 14 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31 d of the irrigation tray 31.
- the top plate 14t of the box 14 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the irrigation tray 31, but a spacer or a heat insulating material may be interposed.
- the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d of the watering tray 31 is inclined in the direction of the drain groove 32 as shown in FIG. This allows the nutrient solution to be drained to the drain 32 in a short time when irrigation is stopped.
- the height of the rib 35 is changed so that the top 35a of the rib is horizontal, so that the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 can be horizontally moved. Can be held.
- FIG. 10 shows another example of the watering device used in the present invention, and the same members as those in FIGS. 5 to 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the under tray 50 is interposed between the watering tray bottom plate 31d and the cell tray 40 when the cell tray 40 is placed on the watering tray bottom plate 31d.
- the under tray 50 has rigidity enough to support the cell tray 40 containing the culture medium in each cell 41, and has a plurality of small holes 51 formed on the bottom wall surface thereof and a plurality of small holes 51 formed on the back surface thereof. Are formed.
- These projections 52 function as gap holding means for holding a gap between the watering tray bottom plate 31d and the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 when the cell tray 40 is housed in the watering tray together with the under tray 50.
- the irrigation device 30 ′ of FIG. 10 when the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33 to be in a pool state at a predetermined water level, the nutrient solution is guided into the under tray 50 from the small holes 51 of the under tray 50. Then, water is sucked up from the cell hole 42 formed in the bottom surface of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 to the culture medium in the cell by capillary action.
- the box 14 provided with the lighting device 13 is attached to the lower surface of the irrigation tray bottom plate 31d.
- the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31 is formed by integrating tens to hundreds of cells 41 in a lattice shape and integrating them in a tray shape. Although it is 300 mm and the depth is around 600 mm, it is not limited to this.
- a liquefied carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 was installed outside the closed structure 1 as shown in FIGS. Carbon dioxide gas is supplied from the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 so that the carbon dioxide gas concentration in the room becomes constant.
- the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is at least 30 mm behind the front surface of the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 8, so that it passes through the multi-shelf cultivation devices 3 to 8 (growing modules).
- the heated air and the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 flow into the space A in a mixed state.
- the air flowing into the space A becomes air having a uniform temperature, and is taken into each of the multi-shelf cultivating apparatuses 3 to 8.
- the heat of the lighting device 13 is transmitted to the box bottom plate 14b also serving as a reflection plate, and is transmitted from the bottom plate 14b to the air flowing through the seedling raising space.
- the heat transmitted from the lighting device 13 to the upper irrigation tray 31 is extremely small. Therefore, the temperature of the nutrient solution on the irrigation tray 31 is controlled within a predetermined range.
- the ratio Wb / Wa between the total cooling capacity (Wb) of all the air conditioners 9 and the total power consumption (Wa) of all the lighting devices (the fluorescent lamp 13c in the above embodiment) is 1 or more. It is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, further preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 2 or less.
- the power consumption per lighting device such as a fluorescent lamp is Ws
- the number of lighting devices is n
- the cooling capacity of one air conditioner is Wk
- the number of installed air conditioners is m
- Wb / Wa Is represented by A in the following formula.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the size of the room of the closed-type structure and the number of multi-shelf cultivation devices installed may be other than those described above.
- the air conditioner main body may be installed at a place other than the central part. Although two or more air conditioner bodies may be installed, it is preferable that the number is as small as possible.
- the method for growing seedlings of a solanaceous plant of the present invention uses the cultivation apparatus described above. That is, it has a light source that constitutes a spectrum showing a wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm as a wavelength region A and a wavelength region of 500 nm or more and less than 700 nm as a wavelength region B, and the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 100 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec or more, and when the total of the photon flux density in the wavelength region A and the photon flux density in the wavelength region B is 100%, the photon flux density in the wavelength region A is 70% or more and less than 99%.
- a cultivation device provided with a lighting device is used.
- sowing may be performed by the cultivation apparatus of the present invention, but it is preferable that the seeding be performed in a germination chamber and transferred to the cultivation apparatus of the present invention after germination.
- the germination chamber is preferably high in humidity, specifically, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more.
- the temperature is preferably 20 ° C. or more and 35 ° C. or less, more preferably 25 ° C. or more, for example, about 28 ° C.
- the germination chamber may be dark. According to this, uniformity of seed germination can be maintained.
- the germination chamber is a light-shielding structure capable of blocking sunlight and outside air, and is preferably a completely light-shielding structure surrounded by a heat-insulating wall.
- the standard for starting the cultivation of the seedlings after transferring to the cultivation apparatus having the lighting device is immediately before the sprouts appear on the surface of the culture medium.
- the irradiation time (light period) of the light to the seedlings by the lighting device is preferably 8 hours or more and 20 hours or less, particularly 12 hours or more and 18 hours or less per day. For example, about 14 hours is preferred.
- the dark period in which the seedlings are not irradiated with light is preferably 4 hours to 16 hours per day, particularly preferably 6 hours to 12 hours, for example, about 10 hours.
- the preferable temperature of the cultivation room is preferably 15 ° C or higher and 35 ° C or lower, more preferably 18 ° C or higher and 32 ° C or lower, and 20 ° C or higher and 29 ° C or lower in the light period.
- 22 ° C. or higher and 28 ° C. or lower are particularly preferable.
- the temperature is preferably from 7 ° C to 25 ° C, more preferably from 10 ° C to 23 ° C, and particularly preferably from 13 ° C to 21 ° C, for example, about 18 ° C.
- the preferable humidity of the cultivation room is preferably 30% to 90%, more preferably 40% to 80%, and more preferably 45% to 70% in the light period. Is particularly preferred.
- the dark period it is preferably 50% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less, and particularly preferably 70% or more and 90% or less.
- the value of the humidity referred to here means the average humidity per day during the light period or the dark period.
- the closed structure 1 had an inner dimension of 450 cm in depth, 315 cm in width, and 240 cm in height.
- two multi-stage shelves cultivation devices 3 having four irrigation trays 31 with three shelves were installed to grow tomato seedlings.
- a lighting device at each stage of the multi-stage shelf type cultivation device 3 a lighting device having a wavelength characteristic shown in Table 1 on a plant cultivation surface was used.
- the inner side surface of the multi-shelf cultivation apparatus 3 was a reflection plate (white resin plate).
- the average humidity in the light period in this closed structure was 40-60%, and the average humidity in the dark period was 70-90%.
- the closed multi-shelf cultivation apparatus provided with a watering device was used.
- As the air conditioner one air conditioner having a cooling capacity of 14 kW was installed.
- the distance (height) from the illumination cover 13b to the upper surface of each cell tray 40 was set to 20 cm.
- the light sources shown in Table 1 were used as the light sources of the lighting devices used in the examples and the comparative examples.
- the light source of the lighting device has a photon flux density of less than 1 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec in an ultraviolet region of 200 nm or more and less than 295 nm, and a photon flux of 200 ⁇ m or more and less than 400 nm in an ultraviolet region. The density was also less than 1 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec. Irradiation was performed for 14 hours per day (14 hours in the light period, 10 hours in the dark period), and cultivation was performed at a temperature of 28 ° C in the light period and at 18 ° C in the dark period.
- Example 2 was a firm and good seedling in which elongation of the petiole and hypocotyl was further suppressed. Further, in Example 3, although some of the seedlings had mild leaf clubbing 14 days after sowing and the cotyledons of some of the seedlings had fallen, the seedlings had already grown sufficiently at this time. Was.
- Example 3 if all the seedlings were planted as grafts or transplanted seedlings at other cultivation sites until about the thirteenth day (two true leaves), which is earlier, almost no seedlings would show leaf clubbing. Was not a problem. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, in almost all of the seedlings, the clubbing developed at an early stage, and serious growth disorders such as yellowing or falling of the leaves occurred. In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, although no leaf clubbing occurred, the seedlings were prolonged and the growing state was unfavorable.
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Abstract
Description
本発明において、苗とは、幼い植物のことをいい、好ましくは、温室や圃場など他の栽培場所に定植するために使用される移植苗をいう。
本発明の一態様において、栽培装置が閉鎖型構造物の中に配置される場合、適用される苗の地上部の高さは、50cm以下であることが好ましく、40cm以下であることがより好ましく、30cm以下であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のナス科植物の苗を栽培する方法において、葉こぶ症発症の確認は、定植直前に行うことが好ましい。そのため、葉こぶ症発症の確認及び苗の定植は、栽培される植物の種類により適切な成長ステージとなる時期に行うことが好ましい。具体的には例えば、ナス科植物の苗を、草丈3cm以上40cm以下、または本葉が1枚以上10枚以下の生育段階まで、本発明の栽培装置で栽培し、葉こぶ症発症の確認を行うことが好ましい。前記照明装置を備える本発明の栽培装置において、ナス科植物の苗を栽培する期間をこのような範囲で短くし、太陽光などを照射する他の圃場等に定植することにより、葉こぶ症の発生を効果的に抑えることができる。また、本発明の栽培装置において、ナス科植物の苗を栽培する期間を短くし、苗が幼い段階で定植することにより、栽培装置を多段棚式とすることができ、限られた空間において効率的に多くの苗を栽培することが可能であるから好ましい。一方、前記照明装置を備える本発明の栽培装置において、ナス科植物の苗を栽培する期間をこのような範囲で長くすることにより、ナス科の苗が十分に育ち、定植後の生育や、接ぎ木後の活着が順調となる。
≪照明装置≫
本発明において、栽培装置は、ナス科植物の苗を栽培するための照明装置を備える。好ましくは、本発明において、栽培装置は、ナス科植物の生理障害抑制用の照明装置を備える。前記照明装置は、400nm以上500nm未満の波長領域A、及び500nm以上700nm未満の波長領域Bとを示すスペクトルを構成する光源を有する。なお、前記照明装置は、波長領域Aと波長領域Bとを同時に照射するものであればよく、波長領域Aを示すスペクトルを構成する光源と、波長領域Bを示すスペクトルを構成する光源とをそれぞれに有しても良く、波長領域A及び波長領域Bを示す1つの光源を使用してもよい。したがって、前記照明装置は、波長領域Aのみを示すスペクトルを構成する光源、波長領域Bのみを示すスペクトルを構成する光源、及び波長領域Aと波長領域Bのいずれも示すスペクトルを構成する光源を、1つあるいは複数組合せることで、波長領域A及び波長領域Bの光量子束密度比を特定範囲とすることができる。前記波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度は、100μmol/m2/sec以上であり、かつ、該波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度と該波長領域Bにおける光量子束密度との合計を100%とした場合の、波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度は70%以上99%未満である。なお、本発明において、光量子束密度は、苗の栽培面で測定される光量子束密度を意味する。詳細には、苗の葉の位置に分光放射照度計の受光面を水平かつ上向きに配置して測定された値である。
本発明の栽培装置に使用する照明装置が有する光源のスペクトルは、波長400nm未満の紫外線を含まなくても、葉こぶ症の発生を抑えることができる。実質的に紫外線を含まないとは、当該波長領域における光量子束密度が、3μmol/m2/sec以下であることが好ましく、1μmol/m2/sec以下であることがより好ましく、0μmol/m2/secであることが特に好ましい。
以降、本発明の一つの態様として、多段棚式栽培装置で苗を栽培する態様について、説明するが、これに限定されない。本発明の一態様において、前記多段棚式栽培装置は、育苗棚を上下方向に多段に配置して育苗空間を形成するものである。
本発明の一態様として、前記栽培装置は、多段棚式とすることにより、限られた空間において効率的に多くの苗を栽培することが可能であり好ましい。一度に栽培する苗の数が増えるほど、前述のように、光の均一照射が難しく、隣り合った葉の陰に葉が配置されたり、光が射す方向とは異なる方向に向けて葉が配置されたりして、光源に対して陰や照射ムラが形成されやすい。本発明においては、特定のスペクトルを構成する光源を有する照明装置を用いて、例えば、白色塗装した棚の側面からの反射光を利用して、多くの苗に適度な量の光が照射されるように調節することができる。これにより、一度の多くの苗を育てる場合であっても、効果的に、葉こぶ症などの生育障害の発生を抑えることができる。
=(Wk×m)/(Ws×n)
m:空調装置の台数(基)
n:照明装置の本数(本)
本発明のナス科植物の苗を栽培する方法は、上記に記載の栽培装置を使用するものである。すなわち、400nm以上500nm未満の波長領域を波長領域Aと、500nm以上700nm未満の波長領域を波長領域Bとを示すスペクトルを構成する光源を有し、前記波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度は、100μmol/m2/sec以上であり、かつ、波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度と波長領域Bにおける光量子束密度との合計を100%とした場合の、波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度は70%以上99%未満である照明装置を備えた栽培装置を使用する。
本発明のナス科植物の苗を栽培する方法において、播種は、本発明の栽培装置で行ってもよいが、発芽室で行い、発芽後に本発明の栽培装置に移すことが好ましい。発芽室は、湿度が高いことが好ましく、具体的には、湿度80%以上が好ましく、90%以上がより好ましく、湿度99%以上が特に好ましい。また、温度は20℃以上35℃以下が好ましく、25℃以上、例えば約28℃がより好ましい。発芽室は暗黒でよい。これによれば、種子の発芽の均一性を保つことができる。発芽室は、太陽光や外気を遮断しうる遮光性の構造物であって、好ましくは断熱性壁面で囲まれた完全遮光性の構造物であることが好ましい。播種から発芽までを発芽室で栽培する場合、前記照明装置を有する栽培装置に移して、苗の栽培を開始する目安は、芽が培地表面に出る直前から直後であることが好ましい。
本発明のナス科植物の苗を栽培する方法において、使用する栽培装置の好ましい態様は上述のとおりである。
相馬光学株式会社製、分光放射照度計(製品名:S-2431 modelII)を使用し、栽培面における各波長領域における光量子束密度を測定した。分光放射照度計の受光面を、苗の葉の位置に、水平上向きに配置して測定を行った。実施例1~3、比較例3,5の測定結果を図11~15に示す。
表1に示す条件で照明装置を使用した栽培装置を使用し、照明を1日あたり14時間点灯し、トマトの苗を育成した。生育状態について、葉こぶ症が発生した栽培日数、また葉こぶ症によって落葉するまでの栽培日数の結果を表1に示す。なお、「落葉」とは、実際に葉が落ちる場合だけでなく、葉が茎に付いていても、葉柄の根元から下に垂れた場合も含む。
<発芽室>
実施例1~3及び比較例1~5のいずれも、種子36個ずつを各サンプルとして、セルトレイ40(寸法:奥行60cm、幅30cm)に、縦6×横6として培地を並べ、発芽室に2日間、置いた。発芽室の温度は28℃、湿度は90~100%程度とした。
実施例1~3及び比較例1~5は、播種から3日目に、セルトレイ40ごと、閉鎖型構造物1に移動した。閉鎖型構造物1は、内法寸法:奥行450cm、横幅315cm、高さ240cmとした。閉鎖型構造物1の内部には、4段3棚の潅水トレイ31を有した多段棚式栽培装置3を2基設置して、トマトの苗を栽培した。多段棚式栽培装置3の各段の照明装置は、植物の栽培面において表1に示す波長特性を有する照明装置を使用した。また、多段棚式栽培装置3の内側側面は反射板(白色樹脂板)とした。この閉鎖型構造物内の明期の平均湿度は40-60%、暗期は70-90%とした。また、この閉鎖型多段棚式栽培装置は、潅水装置を設けたものを使用した。また、空調装置は、冷房能力14kWの空調装置を1台設置した。
本出願は、2018年7月13日付で出願された日本特許出願2018-133358に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。
3~8 多段棚式栽培装置
3a 側面パネル
3b 背面パネル
3c 台座
3e トップパネル
9 空調装置
9A 空調装置本体
9a 取込口
9b 吐出口
9f 吹出口
10 風向制御板
10a 開口
12 育苗棚
13 照明装置
13a 光源
13b カバー
13c ケース
13s スイッチ
15 空気ファン
16 炭酸ガスボンベ
30,30’ 潅水装置
31 潅水トレイ
31d 底板
32 排水溝
32a 排水口
33 給水管
33a 小孔
34 堰
34a 切欠部
35 リブ
40 セルトレイ
41 セル
42 セル穴
50 アンダートレイ
51 小孔
52 突起
Claims (14)
- ナス科植物の苗を栽培する、照明装置を備えた栽培装置であって、
該照明装置は、400nm以上500nm未満の波長領域Aと、500nm以上700nm未満の波長領域Bとを示すスペクトルを構成する光源を有し、
該波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度は、100μmol/m2/sec以上であり、
かつ、該波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度と該波長領域Bにおける光量子束密度との合計を100%とした場合の、該波長領域Aにおける光量子束密度は70%以上99%未満であることを特徴とする栽培装置。 - 前記照明装置は、実質的に紫外線領域の光を照射しないものである請求項1に記載の栽培装置。
- 前記照明装置は、LED照明装置である請求項1または2に記載の栽培装置。
- 前記照明装置が、400nm以上500nm未満の波長領域に少なくとも1つ以上の光量子束密度のピークを有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の栽培装置。
- 前記栽培装置は、閉鎖型構造物の中に配置されており、
前記閉鎖型構造物内を空調する空調装置が設けられており、
前記苗に灌水する灌水装置が設けられている請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の栽培装置。 - 前記栽培装置は、多段棚式栽培装置である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の栽培装置。
- 前記照明装置を、ナス科植物の生理障害抑制用照明装置として備えることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の栽培装置。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の栽培装置を使用して、ナス科植物の苗を栽培することを特徴とする栽培方法。
- 前記ナス科植物の苗は、トマトである請求項8に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記ナス科植物の苗は、接ぎ木に用いられる請求項8または9に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記ナス科植物の苗は、接ぎ木用の台木品種である請求項10に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記ナス科植物の苗は、草丈3cm以上または本葉が1枚以上の生育段階にまで栽培する請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記閉鎖型構造物内の湿度を30以上100%以下とする請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の栽培方法。
- 請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載するセル成型苗の栽培方法。
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