WO2020011329A1 - Circuit d'entraînement et procédé pour faire fonctionner un circuit d'entraînement - Google Patents

Circuit d'entraînement et procédé pour faire fonctionner un circuit d'entraînement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020011329A1
WO2020011329A1 PCT/EP2018/000349 EP2018000349W WO2020011329A1 WO 2020011329 A1 WO2020011329 A1 WO 2020011329A1 EP 2018000349 W EP2018000349 W EP 2018000349W WO 2020011329 A1 WO2020011329 A1 WO 2020011329A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
circuit
fault
drive circuit
supply network
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/000349
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Weinmann
Albrecht Mayer
Andreas Schmid
Original Assignee
Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg filed Critical Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg
Priority to DE112018007817.5T priority Critical patent/DE112018007817A5/de
Priority to PCT/EP2018/000349 priority patent/WO2020011329A1/fr
Publication of WO2020011329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020011329A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive circuit for driving an electronically commutated motor and a method for operating such a drive circuit.
  • the present invention relates in particular to residual current monitoring for drive circuits in which the motor is fed from a DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • a fault current is an electrical current that flows to earth or the protective conductor due to an insulation fault via a given fault location.
  • So-called residual current circuit breakers which are also referred to as Fl switches, are often used to avert dangers related to personal injury from electric shock and fire.
  • the common principle of such residual current circuit breakers is the measurement of the differential current of the current flowing into and out of the domestic power network, for example, in order to switch off the power supply at all poles when a certain limit value of the differential current is exceeded.
  • the selection of the RCCB essentially depends on the current shape of a fault current that may occur. Depending on the type of residual current that they can detect, there are different types of residual current circuit breakers. As explained in the introduction to EP 3 059 828 A1, type A residual current operated circuit breakers, which can only measure the AC component of the fault current, are mainly used in building installations and require drive circuits for electronically commutated motors, particularly in connection with active power factor correction (PFC) - Regulation of significantly more expensive type B residual current circuit breakers.
  • PFC active power factor correction
  • EP 3 059 828 A1 therefore proposes a device and a method for detecting fault currents in a regulated direct voltage intermediate circuit with active power factor correction, in which the intermediate circuit voltage is actively reduced in the event of a fault current detection, so that the fault current from A type A residual current circuit breaker can be detected. Residual current is detected by measuring the residual current at the AC input of the drive circuit.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that such a differential current measurement with a required resolution of a few mA is very complex, expensive and prone to failure.
  • an error check is carried out according to the invention as to whether there is an insulation fault in the drive circuit by directly detecting a fault current and / or at least one voltage within the drive circuit during a phase in which, in the case of a faultless drive circuit there is no current flow from the supply network to the DC link.
  • fault currents can be recognized at short notice. If a fault current is detected, the drive circuit can preferably be switched to an operating mode in which the fault currents can also be reliably detected by the fault current circuit breaker (for example of type A) present, or the respective circuit breaker can be controlled by the drive circuit in order to drive the drive circuit disconnect from the supply network.
  • the fault current detection according to the invention takes place very quickly, so that the drive circuit can be disconnected from the supply network within milliseconds, even at low cost Fault protection switches for example of type A can be made.
  • the fault currents can be detected by various inexpensive fault current detection circuits that are integrated in the drive circuit.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuit preferably has an intermediate circuit capacitor.
  • the rectifier preferably has a rectifier bridge circuit, preferably with a plurality of rectifier diodes.
  • the inverter preferably has an inverter bridge circuit, preferably with a plurality of power switches (e.g. MOSFETs or IGBTs with diodes connected in anti-parallel). In accordance with the connected EC motor, the inverter is preferably configured in multiple phases.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular type of engine.
  • the electronically commutated motor can be, for example, a synchronous motor or asynchronous motor, an AC motor, a three-phase motor or the like.
  • the drive circuit between the rectifier and the DC voltage intermediate circuit also has a power factor correction (PFC) filter in a step-up converter topology with a switch.
  • PFC power factor correction
  • the error check is preferably carried out when the switch of the PFC filter is closed / switched on, and a fault current is detected by measuring the fault current in a ground connection between the power factor correction filter and the DC link.
  • the PFC filter in the step-up converter topology can have, for example, a step-up converter with a switch or at least two step-up converters connected in parallel, each with a switch.
  • the switches of all step-up converters are closed for error checking so that only the fault current flows via the ground connection between the PFC filter and the DC link.
  • the insulation fault is.
  • a fault check in the case of a continuous course of the measured fault current, an insulation fault of the positive pole of the voltage intermediate circuit, in the case of a clocked profile of the measured fault current, an insulation fault of a motor phase of the motor phase connection or the motor, and / or in the case of a multi-stage clocked profile of the measured fault current, an insulation fault of a star point of the motor is detected.
  • the measurement of the fault current when the switch is switched on can also preferably be calibrated by means of an additional test current source, which is connected, for example, to the current measuring resistor.
  • This calibration preferably also takes place during a phase in which, in the case of a fault-free drive circuit, there is no current flow from the supply network to the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the drive circuit also has a power factor correction (PFC) filter with a switch between the rectifier and the DC voltage intermediate circuit, the error check being carried out when the power factor correction filter is switched off and at the same time an intermediate circuit voltage across the DC voltage intermediate circuit is greater than the mains voltage of the supply network, so that a current gap is generated in the current flow from the supply network to the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • PFC power factor correction
  • the detection of at least one voltage comprises detection of a voltage on a neutral conductor connected to the supply network, detection of a voltage on a phase conductor connected to the supply network, detection of the intermediate circuit voltage across the DC voltage intermediate circuit and / or detection of a voltage on a positive pole of the rectifier.
  • the switch of the power factor correction filter when an insulation fault is detected, is preferably opened permanently (or in the case of the interleaved PFC filter, the multiple switches are all opened permanently).
  • the drive circuit is switched to a passive operating mode in which an inexpensive type A residual current circuit breaker, which is usually used in building installations, can also detect the residual current and thus any insulation faults.
  • the two aforementioned embodiments can also be combined with one another in order to further increase the security of the residual current detection.
  • the drive circuit does not have a power factor correction filter or is in passive operation.
  • the detection of at least one voltage preferably has a detection of a voltage on a neutral conductor connected to the supply network, a detection of a voltage on a phase conductor connected to the supply network and / or a detection of an intermediate circuit voltage across the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • a circuit breaker between the AC connection of the drive circuit and the supply network can preferably be controlled by the drive circuit in order to separate the drive circuit or at least the DC link from the supply network. In this way, the safety in the event of insulation faults can be guaranteed regardless of the type of earth leakage circuit breaker used.
  • the circuit breaker can preferably be a residual current circuit breaker (FL switch), a relay or a contactor.
  • the drive circuit according to the invention for driving an electronically commutated motor has a rectifier with an AC connection that can be connected to a supply network; an inverter with a motor phase connection to which the motor phases of the motor can be connected; a DC link between the rectifier and the inverter; a control device; and at least one fault current detection circuit connected to the control device for the direct detection of a fault current and / or at least one voltage within the drive circuit during a phase in which, in the case of a fault-free drive circuit, there is no current flow from the supply network to the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • a power factor correction (PFC) filter with a switch is connected between the rectifier and the DC voltage intermediate circuit in a step-up converter topology.
  • the at least one residual current detection circuit preferably has a residual current detection circuit in a ground connection between the power factor correction filter and the DC voltage intermediate circuit; and the control device is preferably configured to close the switch of the power factor correction filter when a fault test is to be carried out with the fault current detection circuit and to measure the fault current with the fault current detection circuit.
  • the fault currents can be measured with different versions of current sensors, such as Hall probes or current measuring resistors.
  • the fault current detection circuit mentioned preferably has a current measuring resistor in the ground connection between the power factor correction filter and the DC voltage intermediate circuit, so that the fault current measurement can be carried out, for example, using a voltage drop across this current measuring resistor.
  • an additional test current source which is connected to the current measuring resistor of the fault current detection circuit, is preferably provided for calibrating the measurement of the fault current.
  • a power factor correction (PFC) filter with a switch is connected between the rectifier and the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the at least one residual current detection circuit preferably has a residual current detection circuit for detecting a voltage on a neutral conductor connected to the supply network, a residual current detection circuit for detecting a voltage on a phase conductor connected to the supply network, a residual current detection circuit for detecting an intermediate circuit voltage across the direct voltage intermediate circuit and / or a leakage current detection circuit for detecting a voltage at a positive pole of the rectifier; and the control device is preferably designed to carry out a fault check with the at least one fault current detection circuit when the power factor correction filter is switched off and the intermediate circuit voltage across the direct voltage intermediate circuit is greater than a mains voltage of the supply network, and to detect an insulation fault on the basis of the at least one detected voltage.
  • the two aforementioned embodiments can also be combined with one another in order to further increase the security of the residual current detection.
  • the drive circuit has no PFC filter or is in passive operation.
  • the at least one residual current detection circuit preferably has a residual current detection circuit for detecting a voltage on a neutral conductor connected to the supply network, a residual current detection circuit for detecting a voltage on a phase conductor connected to the supply network and / or a residual current detection circuit for detecting an intermediate circuit voltage across the direct voltage intermediate circuit and the control device is preferably designed to detect an insulation fault on the basis of the at least one detected voltage.
  • control device can also be designed to control a circuit breaker (e.g. relay, contactor, etc.) connected to the AC connection when an insulation fault is detected in such a way that it disconnects the drive circuit or at least the intermediate voltage circuit from the supply network.
  • a circuit breaker e.g. relay, contactor, etc.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a drive circuit according to the present
  • Invention 2 shows diagrams to illustrate the time profile of a fault current in the event of an insulation fault at a positive pole of the DC link of the drive circuit from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrams to illustrate the time course of a fault current in the event of an insulation fault in a motor phase of the drive circuit from FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows diagrams to illustrate the time profile of a fault current in the event of an insulation fault at a star point of the DC motor of the drive circuit from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 shows diagrams to illustrate the time profile of a direct fault current measurement of the drive circuit from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 diagrams to illustrate the time course of an exemplary
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant according to the invention of the first embodiment of a drive circuit according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a second embodiment of a drive circuit according to the present
  • FIG. 9 shows diagrams of the time profile of the detected voltages in the drive circuit of FIG. 8 without insulation faults, in operation with an active PFC filter and artificially generated current gap;
  • FIG. 10 shows diagrams of the time profile of the detected voltages in the drive circuit of FIG. 8 with an insulation fault at a positive pole of the DC link, in operation with an active PFC filter and artificially generated current gap;
  • Figure 1 1 shows a third embodiment of a drive circuit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows diagrams of the time profile of the detected voltages in the drive circuit from FIG. 11 with an insulation fault at a positive pole of the DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the drive circuit 10 serves to drive an electronic commutated motor 12.
  • it is a three-phase brushless three-phase motor 12 with three motor phases U, V, W, which are connected to one another at a star point SP.
  • the motor 12 is fed from a DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 via an inverter 16.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 has an intermediate circuit capacitor C1
  • the inverter 16 has, in this exemplary embodiment, a three-phase inverter bridge circuit with a total of six power switches M1 to M6 (e.g. MOSFETs or IGBTs with antiparallel connected diodes) in its half bridges.
  • the three motor phases U, V, W are connected to a motor phase connection 17, which is connected to the three center taps of the half bridges of the inverter 16.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 is connected to an AC connection 20 via a rectifier.
  • the rectifier 18 has a rectifier bridge circuit with a total of four rectifier diodes D7 to D10.
  • the drive circuit 10 is connected to a phase conductor L and a neutral conductor N of a supply network 22.
  • the supply network also has a protective earth PE.
  • an optional circuit breaker 24 is also connected between the supply network 22 and the AC connection 20 of the drive circuit 10 and can disconnect the drive circuit from the supply network 22 if required.
  • the circuit breaker 24 is, for example, an F1 switch of type A.
  • the circuit breaker 24 can consist of a relay or contactor, which is opened by the drive circuit 10 when an insulation fault R7a..c is detected, to drive circuit 10 or at least to separate the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 from the supply network 22.
  • a power factor correction (PFC) filter 26 is also connected between the rectifier 18 and the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14.
  • the PFC filter 26 is configured in a step-up converter topology and contains in particular an inductance L1, a switch M7 and a rectifier diode D1.
  • the switch M7 is driven by a driver circuit 32.
  • the drive circuit 10 also has a control device 28.
  • the control device e.g. a microcontroller
  • the control device 28 controls the power switches M1 to M6 of the inverter 16 via control signals Suvw.
  • the control device 28 controls the driver circuit 32 via a control signal SA.
  • the drive circuit 10 has a fault current detection circuit 30.
  • this fault current detection circuit 30 contains a current measuring resistor R8 in the ground connection between the PFC filter 26 and the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14.
  • a switch M8 is connected in parallel with this current measuring resistor R8 and is controlled by a driver circuit 34, which in turn is controlled by a control signal SB from the Control device 28 is controlled.
  • the fault current detection circuit 30 detects a voltage drop across the current measuring resistor and passes this via a RC element with a resistor Ri and a capacitor Ci to the control device 28 as a fault current measuring signal SF.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an insulation fault R7a at the positive pole of the DC link 14
  • the diagrams in FIG. 3 illustrate an insulation fault R7b at the motor phase U
  • the diagrams in FIG. 4 illustrate an insulation fault R7c at the neutral point SP of the DC motor 12
  • the 5 illustrates the fault current measurement.
  • the fault current flows through the drive circuit 10 in various ways. If the switch M7 is switched off / open, the fault current flows via the diode D1. On the other hand, if the switch M7 is switched on / closed, the fault current flows via the switch M8 and the current measuring resistor R8 to the intermediate circuit capacitor C1. In order to be able to measure the fault current as a voltage drop across the current measuring resistor R8, the switch M7 must accordingly be switched on during the fault current measurement (cf. FIG. 5).
  • the path of the fault current is dependent on the half-wave of the mains voltage
  • the path of the fault current for the positive and negative half-wave of the mains voltage is considered separately as an example for an insulation fault R7a at the positive pole of the DC link 14.
  • the diodes D7 and D10 of the rectifier 18 are conductive, as a result of which the neutral conductor N or the protective ground PE leads tend to be connected to the ground of the DC link 14.
  • the fault current IR7 thus flows back to the intermediate circuit capacitor C1 via the resistor R7a, the mains voltage source 22, the diode D7, the inductance L1, the conductive switch M7 and the current measuring resistor R8. Since the diodes D7 and D10 and the switch M7 are simultaneously conductive, the mains voltage ULN and the voltage Uu across the inductor L1 are approximately the same.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage UHV is thus present across the resistor R7a.
  • the diodes D8 and D9 of the rectifier 18 are conductive, so that the fault current IR 7 flows back to the intermediate circuit capacitor C1 via the resistor R7, the diode D8, the inductance L1, the conductive switch M7 and the current measuring resistor R8. Since the diodes D8 and D9 and the switch M7 are simultaneously conductive, the mains voltage ULN and the voltage ULI across the inductor L1 are approximately the same size. During the negative half-wave, the difference between the intermediate circuit voltage UHV and the mains voltage ULN is thus present across the resistor R7a.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage UHV is always greater than the mains voltage ULN, the voltage UHVPE across the resistor R7a is positive during the entire negative half-wave, the voltage UHVPE across the resistor R7a reaching its minimum at the negative maximum value -U N etz.max of the mains voltage ULN ,
  • the curves in the case of an insulation fault R7a at the positive pole of the DC link 14 are shown by way of example in FIG. 2. Since the intermediate circuit voltage UHV is always greater than the instantaneous value of the line voltage ULN, the fault current IR7 flows in a positive direction over the entire period. During the positive half-wave, the negative pole of the DC link 14 is connected to the neutral conductor N or the protective ground PE via the diode D10. For this reason, the voltage UHVPE across the resistor R7a and thus also the fault current IR 7 are virtually constant during the positive half-wave. During the negative half-wave, protective earth PE is connected to the negative pole of DC link 14 via mains voltage source 22 and diode D9 of rectifier 18.
  • the voltage UHVPE across the resistor R7a is the difference between the intermediate circuit voltage UHV and the mains voltage ULN.
  • the residual current IR 7 reaches its minimum at the negative maximum value of the mains voltage.
  • the insulation fault R7a at the positive pole of the DC link 14 can always occur can be detected when the switch M7 is switched on, and the fault current IR 7 can be detected and measured in the same way during the positive and negative half-wave of the mains voltage ULN.
  • the curves for an insulation fault R7b of the motor phase U are shown in FIG. 3.
  • the motor phases U, V, W are clocked.
  • a motor phase assumes either the voltage zero (negative pole of the direct voltage intermediate circuit 14) or the intermediate circuit voltage UHV (positive pole of the direct voltage intermediate circuit 14).
  • the negative pole of the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 is connected to the neutral conductor N or PE via a diode of the rectifier 18.
  • the voltage UHVPE across the resistor R7b and thus also the fault current l R7 during the positive half-wave are either zero (motor phase off) or as large as in the case of an insulation fault on the DC link (motor phase on).
  • the insulation fault R7b of a motor phase U, V, W can only be detected if the faulty motor phase is at 1 (potential of the DC link) and switch M7 is switched on at the same time, the fault current IR 7 during the positive and negative half-wave being the same Way can be recognized.
  • a fault current IR 7 also flows through the resistor R7b in the negative half-wave when the motor phase U is at 0.
  • the direction of flow of the fault current IR 7 via the current measuring resistor R8 is only positive when the motor phase U is switched on, which is why the fault current IR 7 can only be measured with the analog-to-digital converter of the control device 28 when the motor phase U is open 1 is.
  • the curves for an insulation fault R7c at the star point SP of the DC motor 12 are shown in FIG. 4.
  • the fault current IR7 In the positive half-wave of the mains voltage ULN, the fault current IR7 is always greater than or equal to zero. The largest value of the fault current IR7 occurs when all three motor phases U, V, W are switched on at the same time. In the negative half-wave of the mains voltage ULN, the fault current IR7 only flows in the positive direction if all three motor phases U, V, W are switched on at the same time. Only in this case is the voltage USPPE from the star point SP to the protective earth PE always positive.
  • the insulation fault R7c at the star point SP of the DC motor 12 can only be detected in the positive half-wave of the mains voltage ULN if at least one motor phase is at 1 (potential of the DC voltage intermediate circuit) and the switch M7 is switched on at the same time.
  • the level of the measured fault current IR7 is only one third (with only one motor phase to 1) or two thirds (with two motor phases to 1) of the maximum fault current, which is measured when all three motor phases U, V, W simultaneously at 1 are.
  • the fault current IR7 can only be recognized if all motor phases are at 1 (potential of the DC link) and switch M7 is switched on at the same time.
  • the curves of the fault current measurement for the insulation faults R7a..c described above of the drive circuit of FIG. 1 are shown in FIG. 5. While the switch M7 is switched on (control signal SA of the driver circuit 32 to 1), the fault current IR7 flows via the current measuring resistor R8 to the negative pole of the intermediate circuit capacitor C1. The fault current IR 7 can thus be measured as a voltage drop across the current measuring resistor R8 during this time and as a fault current measuring signal SF Control device 28 are directed.
  • the switch M7 is permanently switched off / opened by the control device 28 via the driver circuit 32.
  • the drive circuit 10 thus goes into passive operation, in which the intermediate circuit capacitor C1 is only charged via the diode D1 when the instantaneous value of the mains voltage ULN exceeds the intermediate circuit voltage UHV.
  • this results in a gaping fault current IR 7 , which is also recognized by a type A fault current circuit breaker 24.
  • control device 28 could, in the event of detection of an insulation fault R7a..c in the manner described above, directly control a circuit breaker 24 in the embodiment of a relay or contactor between the AC voltage connection 20 of the drive circuit 10 and the supply network 22 so that it controls the drive circuit 10 or at least the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 separates from the supply network 22.
  • the drive circuit 10 of this exemplary embodiment preferably also has a test current source 36 which is connected to the current measuring resistor R8 of the residual current detection circuit 30.
  • the test current source 36 can be controlled by the control device 28 with a control signal SC in order to calibrate the fault current measurement described above with the fault current detection circuit 30.
  • the curve profiles of such a residual current calibration are shown in FIG. 6.
  • a zero point adjustment of the residual current measurement is carried out.
  • the test current source 36 can be switched on a precise direct current is impressed into the residual current detection circuit 30.
  • the switch M8 of the fault current detection circuit 30 must be switched off (control signal SB of the driver circuit 34 to 0) so that the direct current provided by the test current source 36 flows through the current measuring resistor R8.
  • the PFC switch M7 must be switched on (control signal SA of the driver circuit 32 to 1) so that the useful current does not flow through the current measuring resistor R8.
  • the impressed direct current which is switched on by the control device 28 via the control signal SC, leads to a defined voltage drop across the current measuring resistor R8, which is used for the zero point adjustment of the residual current measurement or the residual current measurement signal SF.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant according to the invention of the first embodiment of a drive circuit from FIG. 1.
  • the same components and the same parameters are each provided with the same reference symbols as in the first embodiment.
  • the drive circuit 10 of FIG. 7 differs from the drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1 in particular in the design of the PFC filter 26.
  • the PFC filter 26 is also high in this embodiment variant - Configurator topology designed.
  • an interleaved PFC filter 26 with two step-up converters connected in parallel is provided in the variant of FIG. 7.
  • the first step-up converter contains an inductor L1 a, a switch M7a and a rectifier diode D1 a and is driven by a first driver circuit 32a.
  • the second step-up converter contains an inductor L1 b, a switch M7b and a rectifier diode D1 b and is driven by a second driver circuit 32b.
  • the two driver circuits 32a, 32b are controlled by the control device 28 via control signals SAa, SAb.
  • the fault current detection circuit 30 and the fault test for insulation faults R7a, R7b, R7c correspond to those of the embodiment of FIG. 1, the switches M7a, M7b of all step-up converters of the PFC filter 26 having to be switched on in order to carry out the fault test, so that the fault current through the current measuring resistor R8 the leakage current detection circuit 30 flows.
  • the embodiment variant of the drive circuit shown in FIG. 7 corresponds to the first exemplary embodiment from FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • this drive circuit 10 also contains a PFC filter 26 between the rectifier 18 and the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14.
  • the drive circuit 10 of FIG. 8 differs from that of the first exemplary embodiment in particular by the type of fault current detection circuit (s).
  • the fault current detection circuit 30 instead of the fault current detection circuit 30 with the current measuring resistor R8 in the ground connection between the PFC filter 26 and the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14, with which the fault current I R7 is measured directly within the drive circuit 10, there are a plurality of fault current detection circuits 38a in the drive circuit 10 of the second exemplary embodiment. .d for the direct detection of a voltage within the drive circuit 10, on the basis of which an insulation fault R7a..c can be detected.
  • first residual current detection circuit 38a for detecting the voltage UN on the neutral conductor N
  • second residual current detection circuit 38b for detecting the voltage UL on the phase conductor L
  • third residual current detection circuit 38c for detecting the intermediate circuit voltage UHV via the direct voltage intermediate circuit 14
  • fourth residual current detection circuit 38d is provided for detecting the voltage UPFC at the positive pole of the rectifier 18.
  • All four residual current detection circuits 38a .. d are preferably provided in order to increase the security when detecting an insulation fault R7a..c, but optionally only one, two or three of these residual current detection circuits 38a .. d can also be used.
  • the first fault current detection circuit 38a contains a voltage divider R1, R2 between the neutral conductor N and the ground connection GND
  • the second fault current detection circuit 38b contains a voltage divider R3, R4 between the phase conductor L and the ground connection GND
  • the third fault current detection circuit 38c a voltage divider R5, R6 between the positive pole of the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 and the ground connection GND
  • the fourth fault current detection circuit 38d contains a voltage divider R9, R10 between the positive pole of the rectifier 18 and the ground connection GND.
  • insulation faults R7a..c can be detected in operation with an active PFC filter 26 by generating an artificial current gap in the mains current i N e t z from the supply network 22 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14.
  • the control device 28 uses the control signal SA to the driver circuit 32 (not shown in FIG. 8) with the active PFC filter 26 to ensure that the PFC filter 26 in a phase in which the intermediate circuit voltage UHV across the direct voltage intermediate circuit is greater than that Mains voltage ULN of the supply network 22 and therefore there is no recharging current from the supply network, is temporarily switched off, so that the mains current I N t z temporarily becomes zero (see FIGS. 9 and 10).
  • the diodes D7 to D10 of the rectifier 18 are conductive only when the AC current I N etwork equal to zero.
  • the voltage UL on the phase conductor L is equal to the mains voltage during the positive half-wave of the mains voltage ULN and zero during the negative half-wave of the mains voltage ULN.
  • the voltage UN on the neutral conductor N is equal to zero during the positive half-wave of the mains voltage ULN and during the negative half-wave of the mains voltage ULN is equal to the mains voltage.
  • both the voltage UL on the phase conductor L and the voltage UN on the neutral conductor N are zero.
  • the voltage UPFC at the positive pole of the bridge rectifier 18 takes the value of the voltage UL at the phase conductor L in the positive half-wave of the line voltage ULN and the voltage UN at in the negative half-wave of the line voltage ULN Neutral conductor N on.
  • the curve profiles described for the fault-free state of the drive circuit 10 are illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the curve profiles for the case of an insulation fault R7a at the positive pole of the direct voltage intermediate circuit are illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the diode D7 is permanently conductive during the positive half-wave of the mains voltage ULN, so that the voltage UL at the phase conductor L is equal to the intermediate circuit voltage UHV during this time.
  • the diode D10 of the rectifier 18 also conducts in the positive half-wave of the line voltage ULN in addition to the diode D7, which is why the line voltage ULN is present at the phase conductor L during this time.
  • the diode D9 conducts and the voltage UL on the phase conductor L becomes zero.
  • the diode D9 blocks and the voltage UL on the phase conductor L again assumes the intermediate circuit voltage UHV. Similarly, it is with the voltage UN at the neutral wire N.
  • the AC current I N etwork a current gap, with the voltage UN participates in the neutral conductor N of the intermediate circuit voltage UHV. If the mains current l Net z is then not equal to zero, the voltage UN at the neutral conductor N becomes zero because of the conductive diode D10.
  • the neutral conductor N is connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 14 via the resistor R7a. Accordingly, the voltage UN of the neutral conductor N in the current gap of the mains current I Net z assumes the intermediate circuit voltage UHV. If the mains current l N e t z is not equal to zero, the diode D9 becomes conductive and the neutral conductor N is connected to ground GND via the supply network 22. Accordingly, the negative mains voltage -ULN is present at the neutral conductor N during this time. If the mains current l Ne tz then has a current gap again, the diode D9 blocks and the voltage U N at the neutral conductor N again assumes the intermediate circuit voltage UHV.
  • the diode D7 and in the negative half-wave the diode D8 is conductive, so that the voltage UPFC at the positive pole of the rectifier 18 in the positive half-wave is equal to the voltage UL am Phase conductor L and in the negative half-wave of the mains voltage ULN is equal to the voltage UN at the neutral conductor N.
  • the voltages UL, UN and UPFC assume different courses during the current gaps in the mains current iNetz.
  • the switch M7 can be switched off permanently by the control device 28 via the driver circuit 32, so that the drive circuit 10 changes to passive operation, in which the insulation fault R7a..c also, for example, from a type A residual current circuit breaker 24 can be detected.
  • the control device 28 could, in the event of detection of an insulation fault R7a..c in the manner described above, directly control a circuit breaker 24 in the embodiment of a relay or contactor between the AC voltage connection 20 of the drive circuit 10 and the supply network 22 so that it controls the drive circuit 10 or at least the voltage intermediate circuit 14 separates from the supply network 22.
  • FIGS. 1 1 to 13 a third embodiment of a drive circuit for an electronically commutated motor and its fault current monitoring will now be explained in more detail.
  • the same components and the same parameters are each provided with the same reference numerals as in the first and second exemplary embodiments.
  • the drive circuit 10 of FIG. 11 differs from that of the second exemplary embodiment in particular in that no PFC filter 26 is provided.
  • a plurality of fault current detection circuits 38a .. c are provided for directly detecting a voltage within the drive circuit 10, on the basis of which an insulation fault R7a..c can be detected.
  • a first fault current detection circuit 38a with a voltage divider R1, R2 for detecting the voltage U N on the neutral conductor N
  • a second fault current detection circuit 38b with a voltage divider R3, R4 for detecting the voltage UL on the phase conductor L
  • a third fault current detection circuit 38c with a voltage divider R5, R6 for detecting the intermediate circuit voltage UHV over the DC voltage intermediate leg 14 provided.
  • All three residual current detection circuits 38a .. c are preferably provided in order to increase the security in detecting an insulation fault R7a..c, but optionally only one or two of these residual current detection circuits 38a .. c can also be used.
  • the intermediate circuit capacitor C1 is only charged when the instantaneous value of the line voltage ULN exceeds the intermediate circuit voltage UHV. Accordingly, a mains current INetz flows from the supply network 22 to the DC link 14 only when the instantaneous value of the line voltage ULN exceeds the DC link voltage UHV.
  • none of the diodes D7 to D10 of the rectifier 18 is conductive, as a result of which the voltages UL on the phase conductor L and UN on the neutral conductor N against ground GND assume sinusoidal curves in the fault-free state of the drive circuit 10, the amplitudes of which occur when the mains current I N occurs are kept at the intermediate circuit voltage UHV or GND by the conductive diodes (cf. FIG. 12).
  • FIG. 13 shows how this can be detected via the changed profile of the voltages UL on the phase conductor and UN on the neutral conductor N.
  • the diode D7 of the rectifier 18 In the positive half-wave of the mains voltage ULN, in the event of an insulation fault R7a at the positive pole of the DC link 14, the diode D7 of the rectifier 18 is polarized, which is why the voltage UL at the phase conductor L assumes the DC link voltage UHV.
  • the negative half-wave all diodes D7 to D10 of the rectifier 18 block, as a result of which the voltage UN on the neutral conductor N assumes the intermediate circuit voltage UHV through the connection via the resistor R7a to the direct voltage intermediate circuit 14.
  • the control device 28 can also directly control a circuit breaker in the embodiment of a relay or contactor between the AC voltage connection 20 of the drive circuit 10 and the supply network 22 in such a way that it controls the drive circuit 10 or at least separates the voltage intermediate circuit 14 from the supply network 22.
  • the drive circuit 10 of FIG. 11 without a PFC filter 26 is synonymous with a drive circuit 10 in passive operation.
  • 1 1 to 13 can therefore also be used in the passive operation of a drive circuit 10 with a PFC filter 26 and can also represent an extension of the fault current measurement in active operation. After fault current detection and the associated change from active to passive operation, it can thus be checked whether the insulation fault R7a.c is still present.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Circuit d'entraînement (10) pour l'entraînement d'un moteur commuté électroniquement (12), comprenant un redresseur (18) qui comprend une borne à courant alternatif (20) pouvant être connectée à un réseau d'alimentation (22), un onduleur (16) qui comprend un connecteur de phase de moteur (17), auquel les phases de moteur (U, V, W) du moteur (12) peuvent être connectées, et un circuit intermédiaire à tension continue (14) disposé entre le redresseur (18) et l'onduleur. Un contrôle d'erreurs pour l'existence d'un défaut d'isolement (R7a..c) du circuit d'entraînement (10) est effectué selon l'invention par une détection directe d'un courant de défaut (IR7) et/ou d'au moins une tension (UL, UN, UHV, UPFC) dans le circuit d'entraînement (10) pendant une phase, dans laquelle aucune circulation de courant n'a lieu du réseau d'alimentation (22) vers le circuit intermédiaire à tension continue (14) dans le cas d'un circuit d'entraînement non défectueux.
PCT/EP2018/000349 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Circuit d'entraînement et procédé pour faire fonctionner un circuit d'entraînement WO2020011329A1 (fr)

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DE112018007817.5T DE112018007817A5 (de) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Antriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsschaltung
PCT/EP2018/000349 WO2020011329A1 (fr) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Circuit d'entraînement et procédé pour faire fonctionner un circuit d'entraînement

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PCT/EP2018/000349 WO2020011329A1 (fr) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Circuit d'entraînement et procédé pour faire fonctionner un circuit d'entraînement

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019002137A1 (de) * 2018-12-13 2020-06-18 Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg Antriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsschaltung

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3059828A1 (fr) 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif et procede de detection de courant differentiel
US20170131340A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2017-05-11 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. System and method for ground fault detection

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170131340A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2017-05-11 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. System and method for ground fault detection
EP3059828A1 (fr) 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif et procede de detection de courant differentiel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019002137A1 (de) * 2018-12-13 2020-06-18 Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg Antriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsschaltung
DE102019002137B4 (de) * 2018-12-13 2020-10-01 Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg Antriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsschaltung

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