WO2019240716A2

WO2019240716A2 - An apparatus and a method for soil survey involving continuity

Info

Publication number: WO2019240716A2
Application number: PCT/TR2019/050265
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hamdi CINAL
Original assignee: Cinal Hamdi
Priority date: 2018-04-20
Filing date: 2019-04-19
Publication date: 2019-12-19
Also published as: WO2019240716A3

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel analysis apparatus configured to be able to analyze the ground surface layers in any region both in a detailed and a continuous manner and a novel method of soil survey carried out by said analysis apparatus.

Description

AN APPARATUS AND A METHOD FOR SOIL SURVEY INVOLVING CONTINUITY

Technical Field:

The present invention relates to a novel analysis apparatus used through a drilling well and a novel surveying method to be used together with said apparatus, which are developed in order to be able to analyze the ground surface layers in any region in detail.

State of the Art : Studies performed with the aim of deriving the status and the locations of the ground surface layers, the type of geological structures, depths, thicknesses, densities, electrical resistivities, seismic velocities thereof, the depth of subterranean water and the other dynamic parameters of said layers and with the aim of determining the behavioral characteristics of said layers in relation with earthquakes are in general called soil survey. Currently, performing the soil survey is a legal obligation especially in case of constructing a new building over a land.

There are currently known various test methods used in order to perform soil survey in the art . As these methods provide various advantages, there still remain some serious drawbacks related with said methods. It is currently not possible to perform a soil survey that can be seamlessly applied and that, at the same time, possess a significant deal of detail via a method selected among currently known test methods.

Among said test methods, a first method which is commonly used is the standard penetration test (SPT) . The implementation of the standard penetration analysis is based on leaving a sharp tipped heavy tube of 45 cm to freefall inside the drilling well through which the analysis is to be performed, and nailing the said tube to the ground. Standard penetration test provides information about the hardness of the surface as a result of 0 to 50 strikes. Aforementioned experiment can be performed at 1.5 meters. It cannot be applied to the ground surfaces of stiff blocks. Results of the measurements may vary across the operators performing the test by a mechanical test system. The data obtained as the result of said standard penetration test are not assumed to be continuous soil survey data . Thus the aforementioned standard penetration test is not a strong test method in adequately showing the ground surface characteristics in detail. This makes the scope of application of the standard penetration test limited.

Another test commonly used in the art in soil surveys is the cone penetration test (CPT) . The fundamental principle of the cone penetration test is based on determining the surface parameters via the end resistance, lateral resistance and the pore water pressure obtained by drilling a tapered cylinder (with a conical tip) into the ground. Hence the structural properties of the soil can be obtained via the measured resistant and frictional values. Cone penetration test allows obtaining test results with higher continuity as compared to the standard penetration test . Nevertheless the cone penetration test is suitable to be applied on soft ground surfaces in general . It is not possible for this test to be applied on hard and rock soils since the test performed by drilling of the measuring device of a cylindrical tube form and of a conical head in through the soil is accompanied by high forces.

Another soil survey method used in the art is the Vane test. Vane test is performed in the laboratories or on the land in order to measure the shear stress of the clay soils, without drainage. The probe structure used in the experiment is composed of perpendicularly joined 4 metal plates. In order to perform the experiment first of all the probe is drilled into ground surface. The surface is cut afterwards by applying a torque to the probe. The value of the torque applied and the resistance of the ground surface against these forces are measured in the course the process. The characteristics of the soil are thereby obtained. Said Vane test is, in its nature, not applicable for the hard and rock ground surfaces; it's rather well suited for the soft and medium-hard ground surfaces .

Another soil analysis method used in the art is the pressiometer test. This test is applicable only on the land.

Fundamental principle of the pressiometer test is based on lifting a cylindrical probe down into the drilling well and inflating it in there and measuring the alterations in the pressure and volume values inside the probe in the meantime . By this measurement, the deformation parameters of the ground surface under load are being determined. The depths at which the probe is to be inflated are selected so as to be at every 3 meters . Thereby the obtained data are not considered to involve continuity. Moreover, the pressiometer test as well is not to be applied on rock ground surfaces and is only suited for soft and medium-hard ground surfaces .

Another analysis method for soil survey used in the art is the dilatometer test (DMT) . In the dilatometer test, pressure is applied on a region on the inner surface of the well by a probe . Then, by reading the values of the resistance which the soil structure shows against said pressure, analysis is made for the points on which force is applied. Said points on which force is applied are in general selected so as to be at every 20 cm of interval. Hence the analysis values obtained from aforementioned dilatometer test, as well, are not considered to involve continuity. On the other hand the dilatometer test is not applicable for hard surfaces. There are certain shortcomings of the currently used test methods in the art . First of them is that there does not exist a test method which is capable of both making a detailed technical analysis and making measurements at each and every point of the soil structure thereby providing a continuity. Another important point is that the test methods in the art are not suitable to be used on all types of ground surfaces. Especially, scarcely are there test methods to be applied on hard ground surfaces . Data obtained from the test methods which are applicable with hard surfaces, on the other hand, are quite inadequate . Thus there doesn't exist a test method in the art which is capable of both being able to be applied on any type of ground surface and delivering detailed and continuous test results for the soil structure. Object of the Invention:

An object of the invention is to provide a novel analysis apparatus designed to be used in soil survey.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel soil survey test involving continuity by virtue of said novel analysis apparatus .

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel soil survey test capable of being applied to all types of ground surface structures.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel analysis apparatus being able to precisely determine the depths and the thicknesses of the ground surface layers determined by the survey .

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel soil survey test which is to be less affected by the disparities arising from the operators and apparatus . Another object of the invention is to provide a novel soil survey test being able to deliver continuous and detailed analysis data even in hard ground surfaces.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel analysis apparatus without giving rise to any problems when applied even in hard ground surfaces .

Description of the Figures :

Figure 1. The analysis apparatus with blades in a collapsed state .

Figure 2. The analysis apparatus with blades in a half- released state.

Figure 3. The analysis apparatus with blades in an open state. Figure 4. Sectional view of the analysis apparatus.

Figure 5. Exploded view of the parts of the analysis apparatus .

Figure 6. The analysis apparatus in connection with the hydraulic hand pump .

Figure 7. The analysis apparatus and the test device in operation.

Figure 8. The first three stages of the exemplary utilization of the analysis apparatus.

Figure 9. The second three stages of the exemplary utilization of the analysis apparatus .

Figure 10. The last two stages of the exemplary utilization of the analysis apparatus .

Figure 11. The alternative embodiments of the analysis apparatus in which the blades are alternatively positioned. Figure 12. Bottom views of the alternative embodiments of the analysis apparatus which possess more than two blades .

Figure 13. Sectional views of the alternative blades in different sizes and geometries.

Figure 14. Alternative blade embodiments with various cutting edges . Figure 15. Front and side views of an alternative blade embodiment with square protrusions .

Figure 16. Front and side views of an alternative blade embodiment with grooved protrusions .

Figure 17. Alternative tip structures of the blades.

Figure 18. An exemplary "Depth/Resistance" (M/R) graph for a sample ground surface.

The parts shown in the drawings are given reference numerals which are as follows : 1. Analysis apparatus

2. Test device

3. Blade

4. Body

5. Spring

6. Bolt

7. Rack

8. Swivel

9. Hydraulic piston

10. Fixing tube

11. Gear wheel

12. Storage chamber

13. Control panel

14. Digital load cell

15. Hydraulic hand pump

16. Chain

17. Hydraulic pipe

Description of the invention :

Present invention relates to an analysis apparatus (1) designed to perform a detailed soil survey and a method of performing an extensive soil survey by using said apparatus (1) . In order for said method of soil survey to be implemented, it has to be used within a drilling well . Novel analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention is configured to be inserted into a drilling well .

The analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention in which the blades (3) are in the locked state is shown in Figure 1 and in which the blades (3) are in an open state is shown in

Figure 3. The most important elements of said analysis apparatus (1) are two sharp blades (3) which are positioned opposite and symmetrical to each other, Said blades (3) are movable . The analysis apparatus (1) of present invention is composed of a hollow body (4) in cylindrical form, at least two blades

(3), a spring (5), a bolt (5), a hydraulic piston (9) and a rack and pinion gear (7) . Figure 4 shows a sectional view of the inside structure of the analysis apparatus (1) . Said spring structure (5) is within the body (4) so as to surround the hydraulic piston (9) . The blades (3) are disposed at the bottom of the body (4) in the vertical direction. On the other hand, the top part of the body (4) in the vertical direction is connected to the chain (16) via the swivel in order to control the analysis apparatus (1) .

Analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention is used via a well drilled in a region on which the soil survey is to be performed. The analysis apparatus (1) is suspended through mentioned drilling well via the chain structure (16) to which it is linked. One end of the chain structure (16), the other end of which is linked to the analysis apparatus (1), is connected to the test device (2) which is right at the top of the drilling well. Test device (2) enables remote control of the analysis apparatus (1) and reads the information related to soil via said analysis apparatus (1) . The part of the test device (2) which is to be inserted in the drilling well involves a fixing tube (10) in a hollow cylindrical form suitable to be housed inside the drilling well. The fixing tube (10) is preferable made of steel and is fixed via the test device (2) . The diameter and height of the fixing tube (10) may vary according to the drilling wells in different diameters. Main function of the fixing tube (10) is to enable fixing of the test device (2) on the ground surface and prevent the movements resulting from the loads in the course of the test. One end of the chain (16), the other end of which is linked to the analysis apparatus (1), is connected to the test device (2) by passing through the fixing tube (10) .

Test device (2) includes more than one gear wheel (11) and a motor system providing movement to these gear wheels (11) . Said motor system which comprises a motor within itself can be hydraulic or mechanical . The chain (16) structure being connected to the test device (2) is linked to a storage chamber (12) arranged at any point on the test device (2) . When test device (2) is not used, the chain structure (16) is located inside said storage chamber (12) .

There is a control panel (13) somewhere at a point on the test device (2) . The control panel (13) is connected to a computer . By virtue of the computer which has a software intended for the test device (2), both the test device (2) is extensively controlled and the read data are recorded in alternative ways and formats, The data read in the course of the measurement procedure are prepared as data appropriate for registration by being processed by a digital load cell (14) embodied in the test device (2) .

Operations such as starting/stopping the motor within the test device (2) , adjusting the number of revolutions, measuring the length of the suspended chain (16), adjusting the test speed are carried out via the computer and the control panel (13) . Moreover, the data obtained by the digital load cell (14) which reads and processes the data transmitted by the analysis apparatus (1) inside the drilling well can be read simultaneously; the instantly displayed data can be registered.

The analysis apparatus (1) which is controlled by the test device (2) operates in a quite simple manner . The blades (3) disposed at the lower end of the analysis apparatus (1) are releasable and collapsible. Said blades (3) are controlled by a hydraulic pump (15) . Independently from the test device (2), said hydraulic hand pump (15) can be disposed at any point on the ground, outside the drilling well. As can be seen from Figure 6 and Figure 7 the hydraulic hand pump (15) is attached to the analysis apparatus (1) via a hydraulic pipe (17) . Said hydraulic pipe (17) is attached to the hydraulic piston (9) within the analysis apparatus (1) . The hydraulic piston (9) is thereby controlled by the hydraulic hand pump

(15) .

There are grooves on the body (4) inside which the blades (3) are disposed. The blades (3) can be operated without experiencing any counter resistance inside these grooves positioned opposite to each other. The blades (3) can be totally collapsed with the aid of the hydraulic piston (9) and, can be brought at most to a 90 degrees position with regard to the body (4) via the spring (5) . The grooves inside which the blades (3) move, restrain the blades (3) from taking a position greater than 90 degrees with respect to body

(4) . Thus, while performing the test, the blades (3) are ensured to be at the same lateral plane when totally released.

The hydraulic piston (1) embodied in the analysis apparatus (1) is positioned inside the spring (5) as shown in Figure 4. The spring (5) surrounding the hydraulic piston (9) gets in direct contact with the blades (3) . The spring (5), together with the hydraulic piston (9) disposed within the same, lean against the rack and pinion gear (7) located at the lower parts . Thus the movements practiced by the spring (5) and the hydraulic piston (9) allow the rack and pinion gear (7) to move upwards and downwards .

On the inner surface of the rack and pinion gear (7) located within the body (4), there are at least two threaded surfaces located opposite to each other. Said threaded surfaces get in contact with the tips of the blades (3) which rest inside the body (4) . The tips of the blades (3) which rest inside the body (4) are cogwheel-like structures as can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5. The aim of the fact that the tips of the blades (3) rest inside the body (4) is to ensure the simultaneous movement of the blades (3) and the rack and pinion gear (7) . The cogs of the cogwheel-like structure at the rear end of the blades (3) and the cogs of the rack and pinion gear (7) can precisely fit onto each other. Thus the blades (3) and the cogs at the rear end thereof are positioned so as to fit onto the cogs disposed on the inner surface of the rack and pinion gear (7) . In this way the blades (3) are subject to the forces transmitted by the binary system of spring (5) and hydraulic piston (9) in accordance with the up/down movements exercised by the rack and pinion gear (7) inside the body (4) . In a similar way, the releasing and collapsing movements exercised by the blades (3) enable the rack and pinion gear (7) to move and the spring (5) to compress and decompress.

The blades (3) are positioned inside the body (4) via some fitting disposed at the central point so as to ensure that the centers of the cogwheel-like circular structures which are at the rear end of said blades, overlap. The blades (3) which are positioned so as to be in contact with the rack and pinion gear (7) at the same time, practice circular movements provided that the fitting, enabling the positioning of the blades (3) within the body (4), would be the center of said movement . The movements of the rack and pinion gear (7) associate with the rotational movements exercised by the blades (3) . In a similar way, the rotational movements exercised by the blades (3) are associated with the movements of the rack and pinion gear (7) . The main element governing the movements of the rack and pinion gear (7) is the hydraulic piston (9) . Depending on the motion translated by the hydraulic hand pump (15) to the hydraulic piston (9) , the rack and pinion gear (7) moves. Yet the rack and pinion gear (7) moves also depending on the force exerted by the spring (5) compressing the same. Hence the measures such as the structure of the spring (5) used and the compression force it exerts are the important factors playing role during the releasing and collapsing of the blades (3) . At the top of the spring (5) resting inside the body (4), there is a bolt (6) . Said bolt (6) is mounted to a suitable connection point which is located inside the body (4) and monoblock with the same (4) . Said bolt (6) can be loosened or screwed in order to adjust the level of the supportive force desired to be transmitted to the blades (3) by the spring (5) . If more power is desired to be transmitted from the spring (5) to the blades (3), the spring (5) is compressed further by screwing the bolt (6) further and making it come closer to the spring (5) . If less power is desired to be transmitted from the spring (5) to the blades (3), the spring (5) is decompressed by loosening the bolt (6) and making it move away from the spring (5) . In cases where the spring (5) is compressed by screwing the bolt (6), the blades (3) are exposed to significant spring (5) force in order to be in the released state.

The working principle of the analysis apparatus (1) is quite simple and easy to be implemented. Said analysis apparatus

(1) is first of all suspended through the drilling well via the test device (2) and the chain (16) . The point at which the analysis apparatus (1) is to be located can be any preferred point inside the drilling well depending on the desired surface level at which the soil survey will be started. While suspending the analysis apparatus (1) in the drilling well the blades (3) are extended downwards in the collapsed state and parallel to the body (4) as seen in Figure

1. Before starting the test, the blades (3) are brought into the collapsed position via the hydraulic piston (9) embodied in the analysis apparatus (1) . The analysis apparatus (1) can be suspended into the drilling well without any problem when the blades (3) are in the collapsed state.

After suspending and adjusting the analysis apparatus (1) at the desired level inside the drilling well, the hydraulic hand pump (15) and the analysis apparatus (1) are checked. The pressure obtained via the hydraulic hand pump (15) is transmitted to the hydraulic piston (9) embodied within the analysis apparatus (1) inside the drilling well via the hydraulic pipe (17) which has a thin and an elastic structure. Coming out of the hydraulic hand pump (15) , the hydraulic pipe (17) moves along in parallel to the chain (16) extending through the drilling well and connected to the hydraulic piston (9) by entering in to the body (4) of the analysis apparatus (1) . Said pressure obtained drives the hydraulic piston (9) . At this stage the spring (5) which is at a compressed state within the analysis apparatus (1) is decompressed as a result of being released from the compression force exerted by the hydraulic piston (9) and begins to move in the opposite direction to the hydraulic piston (9) . The stretching of the spring (5) pushes the rack and pinion gear (7) to which it is associated, in a downward direction. The movement of the rack and pinion gear (7) provides movement to the blades (3) that are in contact with it. The blades (3) are released from a collapsed state upon the downward movement of the rack and pinion gear (7) . Releasing the blades (3) from a collapsed state is carried out via the hydraulic hand pump (15) . As seen in Figure 7, the blades (3) that are in a released state extend along the same plane in opposite directions so as to be parallel to each other. While being released from the collapsed state, the blades (3) are drilled into the ground by cutting the surrounding soil layers. The upper sides of the blades (3) facing upwards when in released state are sharpened more . Thus the sides of the blades (3) which are in contact with the soil are sharper and this makes it easier to cut the soil and drill into the ground.

When the analysis apparatus (1) is leveled down into the drilling well, by virtue of the control panel (13) embodied within the test device (2) , the distance between the sharp tips of the blades (3) and the initial point of the drilling well can be precisely identified at the order of millimeters/centimeters. The chain (16) structure used in the test device (2) allows to precisely measure the distance through which the chain (16) extents during its movement. Especially in the tests where the chain (16) structure is preferred to be a link chain (16), the depth at which the test is performed as from the ground surface can be calculated precisely thanks to the relation between the unit length of the chain (16) and the number of rotation of the motor in the test device (2) . In case where said motor structure is selected to be a step motor, the measurement of the distance can be carried out in a quite precise manner.

After the blades (3) of the analysis apparatus (1) which is leveled down into the drilling well are released and the blades (3) are drilled into the ground, second step is reached in order for the test device (2) to carry out the soil survey. This stage consists of hoisting the chain (16) structure holding the analysis apparatus (1) at a desired speed. Said chain (16) is attached to the analysis apparatus (1) via a swivel (8) . Thereby the analysis apparatus (1) which at the end of the chain (16) , can make rotational movements the axis of which is through the vertical direction through which the chain extends .

After the blades (3) are drilled into the ground while being released, the chain (16) is hoisted at a given speed by means of the test machine . Said speed of hoisting of the chain (16) varies according to the operator preferences . With this operation, the analysis apparatus (1) begins to move upward in the drilling well while the blades (3) are inside the soil. While the analysis apparatus (1) is being lifted, the blades (3) inside the soil move along by spreading the soil layers upwards. While moving upwards, the digital load cell (14) embodied within the test device (2) records the resistance of the analysis apparatus (1) encountered the blades (3) second by second. Thereby the resistance of the soil against the blades (3) and the extent of this resistance are registered in detail. By means of the obtained data, the hardness and type of all of the layers of the related ground surface analyzed are revealed.

By virtue of the characteristics of the structure of the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention, we don't encounter any problem during the soil survey when working with hard ground surfaces. The mode of usage and stages of the analysis apparatus (1) in an exemplary process are shown in Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10. As can be seen from said drawings, in case where the analysis apparatus (1) encounters with a very hard layer, if the blades (3) are not able to cut said layer then they can be collapsed to pass through the drilling well in order to pass over said layer. The force leading the blades (3) to collapse derives from the force exerted by the hard surface layer on the blades (3) while the analysis apparatus (1) is being lifted upwards with a constant speed. The blades (3) which are collapsed by means of the force exerted by the hard layer, keep their collapsed state in order to pass through the drilling well until leaving said hard layer. At the same time, they are continuously impelling force on the walls of the drilling well in tendency to be released. First of all the spring (5) within the analysis apparatus (1) is compressed and loaded with a significant force upon collapsing of the blades (3) . Said force tries to release the blades (3) again as soon as possible.

The blades (3) being collapsed while passing through the hard layer are released again when they encounter with a layer which they are able to cut as soon as the lower tips thereof leave the hard layer. Especially the compressed and loaded spring (5) enables the blades (3) to be released as soon as they encounter a layer they can cut . In this way the blades (3) keep on moving upwards by cutting the layers they are able to cut . During the movement of the analysis apparatus (1) upwards, in case the blades (3) encounter with a hard layer that they can't cut, they re-collapse and keep on moving in that collapsed state until leaving said layer, Then they are released again when they encounter with a layer that they can cut and keep on moving upwards .

The mode of operation of the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention can be summarized as follows :

Under the control of the test device (2), leveling down the analysis apparatus (1) into the drilling well with the blades (3) in a collapsed state, Releasing the blades (3) of the analysis apparatus (1) which is suspended at a desired level in the drilling well by the hydraulic hand pump (15) ,

Adjusting the depth of the analysis apparatus (1) the blades (3) of which are fully released,

Starting to lift the analysis apparatus (1), the blades (3) of which are released, upwards at a constant speed,

Starting to continuously register the resistance of the soil encountered by the blades (3) which are moving upwards by cutting the layers,

While keeping their released state when moving along the layer that the blades (3) are able to cut, in case where they encounter with a hard layer that they can' t cut, slowly collapsing of the blades (3) to be able to pass through the drilling well in order to pass over said layer,

Releasing of the blades (3) when they encounter with a layer that they can cut as soon as they pass over the hard layer inside the drilling well in the collapsed state,

During the movement of the analysis apparatus (1) in the drilling well up until the top of the well, repeating the collapsing and releasing movements of the blades (3) mentioned in the last two previous steps whenever the blades (3) encounter with a hard layer that they can't cut,

Completion of the test when the analysis apparatus (1) reaches the top of the well.

When the blades (3) are released for the first time inside the drilling well, in case the analysis apparatus (1) encounter with a hard or rock layer that cannot be cut by the blades (3), they keep their collapsed state. The spring (5) within the body (4) of the analysis apparatus (1) is responsible for exerting pressure to the blades (3) at the tip of the analysis apparatus (1), especially when they are desired to be released. Thus even if the blades (3) keep their collapsed state as they encountered a hard or rock layer, they continuously tend to be released in order to understand whether they arrived at a layer which they can cut or not and they impel force to the inner walls of the drilling well . A test started in such a condition, even if the blades (3) are not released, the analysis apparatus (1) begins to move forward pursuant to the test procedure . As soon as the blades (3) encounter a ground layer which they can cut, they are released and incise the relative layer. All of the resistances that the blades (3) encounter until completion of the test are registered layer by layer by the test device (2) .

Along with the compression of the spring (5) embodied within the analysis apparatus (1), the force transmitted by means of the rack and pinion gear (7) functions as the compelling force to keep the blades (3) in a released and horizontal position. However, if preferred, the blades (3) can also be controlled by the hydraulic piston (9) without using a spring (5) structure. In this case, the manometer on the hydraulic hand pump (15) displays the load over the blades (3) in real time. When encountered with a substantially hard ground surface, the blades (3) will be tend to collapse but they won' t collapse unless the hydraulic valve is opened. Thus, when just the hydraulic piston (9) is preferred to be used, the operator opens and closes it manually. In the ground surfaces which are not rocky or not substantially hard, test can be carried out by operating the system manually with the analysis apparatus (1) without a spring (5) . During this operation the measured data at the manometer are shown at the same graph together with the data at the digital load cell (14) and give information about the hardness of the ground surface . The structure, shapes, locations and numbers of the blades (3) embodied within the analysis apparatus (1) according to the present invention may vary according to the operator preferences. The number of the blades (3) within said analysis apparatus (1) is two or more . When there are two blades (3) in the analysis apparatus (1), these (3) are disposed symmetrically and opposite to each other. However when there are more than two blades (3) , the shapes and the locations thereof (3) may vary. In Figure 11, four alternative embodiments of the analysis apparatus (4) according to the present invention are shown. In these embodiments, both the numbers of the blades (3) are increased and also the locations thereof are chosen to be asymmetrical . Due to the fact that the numbers of the blades (3) are increased and the blades (3) are asymmetrically positioned, the data obtained as a result of the test carried out via the analysis apparatus (1) are much more precise. Besides, as a drilling survey has been carried out before the test, basic geological information about the ground has already been obtained beforehand. Taking into account this information, the most suitable type for the blades (3) can be chosen easily.

Figure 12 shows the bottom view of the analysis apparatus (1) embodying two or more blades (3) disposed in different directions thereon. Especially, the test results obtained by the analysis apparatus (1) embodying the blades (3) which are moving upwards by cutting the soil in different directions, are more accurate results in that they contain the data which are obtained by the blades (3) making a crosscheck. The sectional shapes and sizes of the blades (3) in the analysis apparatus (1) may vary depending on the operator preferences . Figure 13 shows alternative blade (3) embodiments having different sizes and geometries. Figure 14 shows alternative blade (3) embodiments having different cutting edges. The operators may prefer to use the blades (3) they desire taking the soil structures to be tested into consideration . Figure 15 and Figure 16 show the square and groove protrusions of the blades (3) embodied within the analysis apparatus (1) . Said protrusion structures may vary according to the operator preferences. Due to the protrusion structures on the lateral surfaces of the blades (3) , the frictional resistances of the ground surface against the blades (3) which are moving forward by cutting the soil layers are increased. By virtue of this increased frictional resistance of the ground, the ground surface properties can be measured in more detail manner. Figure 17 shows the alternative structures of the tips of the blades (3) embodied within the analysis apparatus (1) . By choosing different cutting edges for the blades (3) according to the ground surface on which the test is to be carried out, more precise test results may be obtained.

On the control panel (13) embodied within the test device (2), there is a graphical log interface in which the survey data will be registered. By registering the information obtained from the drilling operation carried out before the soil survey such as the layer thicknesses, their depths, the technical information about the ground surface, the ground water level and the sampling depths to the log program, it is possible to display these data on tables/graphs, The data read by the test device (2) during the soil survey can be displayed in real time on the same graph as well, Thus the test results obtained by implementing the test device (2) and the soil survey method according to present invention contain detailed information about the layers of the relative soil structure. Figure 18 shows the layers of a sample soil structure and a sample graph of "Depth/Ground Resistance" obtained after a soil survey carried out by the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention. When said sample graph is analyzed, one can see that a resistance graph showing continuity along the soil structure has been obtained. The tests of soil survey analysis carried out by the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention provides continuous results and thereby overcome the problems of non-continuity of the soil survey results as compared to the other test methods in the prior art .

By means of the analysis apparatus (1) and the method of the present invention, all of the structural characteristics of the soil can be verified in graphs showing continuity, The details such as the types of the layers that said soil structure contains and the level of hardness of these layers can be obtained without missing any of the layers, The analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention and the method of usage thereof are able to provide much more precise and detailed results as compared to the analysis methods in the prior art in that they can deliver graphs with continuity.

At the end of the tests carried out by the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention, weak regions can be precisely determined in terms of depth and thickness. In addition to the test carried out by the analysis apparatus (1), by analyzing the soil samples in laboratory obtained after the survey, a complete geotechnical identification of the soil can be provided in an easier and more precise manner .

The collapse resistance of the blades (3) may be varied by changing the degree of compression of the spring (5) via the bolt (6) in the analysis apparatus (1) of the invention . With a stronger spring (5) which can exert continuous pressure to the blades (3), the ground layers can be cut easier. In cases where cutting pressure of the spring (5) is not sufficient for the hard or rock ground surfaces, by virtue of the compressive force applied on the spring (5) due to the resistance pressure exerted on the blades (3), the spring (5) compresses and the blades (3) can collapse and analysis apparatus (1) can continue to carry out the test, In cases where the blades (3) can not cut the ground surface and forced to keep their collapsed position, the notched protrusions on the blades (3) supply additional friction and provide a greater friction resistance which can be analyzed. By this means analysis of the different types of rock and hard ground surfaces can be carried out in a more accurate way. Thus, the analysis results of the different layers at which the blades (3) can not be released are different from each other. By means of the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention, a detailed and accurate soil survey may be carried out without distinguishing between the types of soils such as rocky, clay, filled soil and etc. A continuous graph can be drawn throughout the depth of the drilling well showing the hardness and type of the soil and data about the soil in terms of thickness, depth and tightness in centimeters can be revealed. Especially, as a result of obtaining continuous results without any interruption, quite detailed results about the type of soil can be obtained. As the method of the analysis apparatus (1) is a standard method and as the analysis can be made automatically, the variations deriving from the measurements carried out by different operators in different times are minimized.

Another advantage brought by the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention is that the analysis may be carried out in the concerned drilling well even after the SPT, CPT, DMT, Vane and pressiometer tests were performed, In addition to this, accurate measurements can be made by the analysis apparatus (1) of the present invention even after long periods as of drilling of the well.

Considering the analysis apparatus (1) of the invention and the method of implementation of the test device (2), the duration of testing is shorter as compared to that of prior art . Besides the data obtained as a result of the measurements are digital, Thereby the test results may be obtained by the institutions in concern without requiring the initiative of the operators in reporting the relevant data. This avoids problems deriving from the operators who may miss/forget to report some of the data.

Claims

1. A novel analysis apparatus (1) to be used in soil surveys inside the drilling wells delivering continuous test results, characterized in that said apparatus (1) comprises : a hollow body (4) in cylindrical form; a spring (5) which is disposed inside the body so as to come into contact with the rack and pinion gear (7) under it and which compels the rack and pinion gear (7) to move due to its compression and decompression movements; a hydraulic piston (9) which is disposed inside the spring (5) within the body (4), connected to a hydraulic hand pump (15) that is outside the drilling well via a hydraulic pipe (17) extending into the body from outside, controlled by the hydraulic hand pump (15) and which compels the rack and pinion gear (7) under it to move; a rack and pinion gear (7) disposed at the inner lower end of the body (4), moving in upward and downward directions inside the body by the hydraulic piston (9) and the spring (5); on the inner side of said rack and pinion gear (7) there the threaded surfaces opposite to each other and via these surfaces said rack and pinion gear (7) enables the desired movement of the blades (3) by getting into contact with the tips of the blades (3) which rest inside the body (4); at least two blades (3) which are disposed inside the grooves at the lower end of the body (4) with respect to the vertical direction, exercising rotational movements of 90 ^* at most in a way that the end of the blades (3) resting inside the body will be the center of said movement, extending outside from the lower end of the body (4) in parallel to each other when in a totally collapsed position, extending outside with respect to a vertical direction of the body (4) in parallel to each other when in a totally release position, responsible for cutting the soil layers in the released position during the soil survey, and which collapse by virtue of the spring (5) when encounter with layers that they can not cut during the cutting operation.

2. The analysis apparatus (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, it comprises a bolt (6) which is disposed inside the body (4) so as to coincide with the upper parts of the hydraulic piston (9) and the spring (5), mounted to a suitable connection point which is located inside the body (4) and monoblock with the same (4) and, allows compression/decompression of the hydraulic piston (9) and the spring (5) by moving upwards or downwards when rotated.

3. The analysis apparatus (1) according to Claim If characterized in that, it comprises a swivel (8) which is disposed at the upper end of the body (4) in vertical direction and enables the analysis apparatus (1) to rotate with respect to the vertical direction passing through its center.

4. The analysis apparatus (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, it comprises a chain (16) structure allowing for changing the location of the analysis apparatus (1) and which is attached to the swivel (8) .

5. The analysis apparatus (1) according to Claim If characterized in that, it comprises blades (3) with square protrusions or grooved protrusions on the lateral sides thereof on the purpose of increasing the frictional resistance of the ground surface while moving forward by cutting the soil layers during the analysis .

6. A test device (2) having a chain (16) structure attached to the same and connected to the analysis apparatus (1) via said chain (16) structure, wherein the device (2) has more than one gear wheels (11) driving said chain (16) structure and a drive system driving said gear wheels (11) , and wherein the device (2) enables registering and analyzing the obtained data by being run integrated to the analysis apparatus (1) in order to perform soil survey; characterized in that; it comprises a motor driving said drive system; a control panel (13) remotely controlling the analysis apparatus (1) and enabling registering the input data obtained by the analysis apparatus (1) by converting them into the desired format; a digital load cell (14) providing data suitable for registry by processing the values read by the analysis apparatus (1) during the survey.

7. The test device (6) according to claim 6, characterized in that, the motor structure embodied within itself depends on a hydraulic or a mechanical drive .

8. The chain (16) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, it is a linked chain (16) .

9. A method of soil survey performed via the analysis apparatus (1) and the test device (2) in order to obtain results involving continuity, characterized in that said method comprises following steps : Under the control of the test device (2), leveling down the analysis apparatus (1) into the drilling well with the blades (3) in a collapsed state,

Releasing the blades (3) of the analysis apparatus (1) which is suspended at a desired level in the drilling well by the hydraulic hand pump (15) ,

Starting to lift the analysis apparatus (1), the blades (3) of which are released, upwards at a constant speed, Starting to continuously register the resistance of the soil encountered by the blades (3) which are moving upwards by cutting the layers,