WO2019212038A1 - アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ - Google Patents
アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019212038A1 WO2019212038A1 PCT/JP2019/017846 JP2019017846W WO2019212038A1 WO 2019212038 A1 WO2019212038 A1 WO 2019212038A1 JP 2019017846 W JP2019017846 W JP 2019017846W WO 2019212038 A1 WO2019212038 A1 WO 2019212038A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- alkali metal
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 139
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 138
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an alkali metal ion capacitor.
- a lithium ion capacitor is known as a kind of alkali metal ion capacitor.
- Lithium ion capacitors exhibit excellent characteristics such as excellent energy density. Since lithium ion capacitors have a wider range of applications as they have better heat resistance, various techniques for improving the heat resistance of lithium ion capacitors have been proposed. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2016-72309 discloses a lithium ion capacitor having a heat resistance of about 50 ° C.
- the heat resistance of the lithium ion capacitor described in JP-A-2016-72309 is at most about 50 ° C., and a lithium ion capacitor that can withstand higher temperatures is demanded.
- a lithium ion capacitor that can withstand higher temperatures is demanded.
- it is required to improve the heat resistance of the lithium ion capacitor to about 85 ° C.
- One feature of the present disclosure is that a positive electrode active material that can adsorb and desorb alkali metal ions, a positive electrode binder that binds the positive electrode active material, and a negative electrode active material that can occlude and release alkali metal ions, A negative electrode binder that binds the negative electrode active material; and an electrolyte solution that includes an organic solvent and an imide-based alkali metal salt.
- the negative electrode active material is pre-doped with the alkali metal ions, and the positive electrode binder includes the electrolytic solution.
- An alkali metal capacitor having a RED value greater than 1 based on the Hansen solubility parameter for the liquid.
- the alkali metal ion capacitor can have a heat resistance of 85 ° C.
- that the alkali metal ion capacitor has heat resistance means that it has a performance capable of operating in a high temperature environment.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a lithium ion capacitor according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a III-III cross section in the lithium ion capacitor of FIG. 2. It is a figure explaining the example of the external appearance of the positive electrode plate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a VV sectional view of the positive electrode plate of FIG. 4. It is a figure explaining the example of the external appearance of the negative electrode plate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a VII-VII sectional view of the negative electrode plate of FIG. It is a figure explaining the positional relationship of the positive electrode plate of a positive electrode shown in FIG.
- 6 is a graph showing the change over time in internal resistance at 85 ° C. of the lithium ion capacitors of Test Examples 6 to 8.
- 6 is a graph showing changes with time in discharge capacity at 85 ° C. of the lithium ion capacitors of Test Examples 6 to 8.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 includes a plurality of plate-like positive plates 11 and a plurality of plate-like negative plates 21, which are alternately stacked.
- Each positive electrode plate 11 includes an electrode terminal connection portion 12b protruding in one direction.
- Each negative electrode plate 21 also includes an electrode terminal connection portion 22b protruding in the same direction as the direction in which the electrode terminal connection portion 12b of the positive electrode plate 11 protrudes.
- the direction in which the electrode terminal connecting portion 12b of the positive electrode plate 11 protrudes is the X-axis direction
- the stacked direction is the Z-axis direction
- the direction orthogonal to the X-axis and the Z-axis is the Y-axis.
- These X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are orthogonal to each other.
- these axial directions indicate the same direction, and in the following description, descriptions regarding directions may be based on these axial directions. In the following description, illustration and detailed description of the incidental configuration are omitted.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 includes a plurality of positive plates 11, a plurality of negative plates 21, a plurality of separators 30, an electrolytic solution 40, and a laminate member 50.
- the positive plates 11 and the negative plates 21 are alternately stacked, and the separators 30 are sandwiched between the positive plates 11 and the negative plates 21.
- the electrolyte solution 40 is wrapped and sealed in two laminate members 50 together with a part of the plurality of positive electrode plates 11, a part of the plurality of negative electrode plates 21, and the plurality of separators 30 laminated in this manner. Yes.
- the electrode terminal connection portions 12 b of the plurality of positive electrode plates 11 protrude in the same direction and are electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 14.
- Conductive members constituting the positive terminal side such as the positive terminal 14 and the plurality of positive plates 11 connected thereto can be collectively referred to as the positive electrode 10.
- the electrode terminal connecting portions 22b of the plurality of negative electrode plates 21 and the negative electrode terminals 24 are electrically connected, and the negative electrode terminals such as the negative electrode terminals 24 and the plurality of negative electrode plates 21 connected thereto are configured.
- the conductor members can be collectively referred to as the negative electrode 20.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 has the above configuration inside, and the appearance is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a III-III cross section of the lithium ion capacitor 1 shown in FIG.
- the members in the lithium ion capacitor 1 are illustrated with a space therebetween.
- the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 21, and the separator 30 are stacked with almost no gap.
- the positive electrode plate 11 includes a thin plate-like positive electrode current collector 12 and a positive electrode active material layer 13 coated on the positive electrode current collector 12 (see FIGS. 3 to 5).
- the positive electrode active material layer 13 is provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 12, but may be provided on either side of the positive electrode current collector 12.
- the positive electrode active material layer 13 needs to be sufficiently dried after being applied to the positive electrode current collector 12 so that the lithium ion capacitor 1 does not contain excessive moisture. There is.
- the positive electrode current collector 12 is a metal foil having a plurality of holes 12c penetrating in the Z direction (see FIGS. 4 and 5), a rectangular current collector 12a (see FIG. 4), and a current collector 12a.
- a metal foil having a plurality of holes 12c penetrating in the Z direction (see FIGS. 4 and 5), a rectangular current collector 12a (see FIG. 4), and a current collector 12a.
- the width in the Y-axis direction of the electrode terminal connecting portion 12b shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 can be changed as appropriate, and may be the same width as the current collecting portion 12a, for example.
- the current collector 12a has a plurality of holes 12c (see FIGS.
- the electrode terminal connector 12b has a plurality of holes similar to the holes 12c of the current collector 12a. It may not be formed and may be formed.
- the current collector 12a has a plurality of holes 12c, cations and anions contained in the electrolytic solution 40 can pass through the current collector 12a.
- the current collector 12a may not have a plurality of holes 12c, and the electrode terminal connecting portion 12b may not have a plurality of holes similar to the holes 12c.
- a metal foil made of aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or nickel can be used for example.
- the positive electrode active material layer 13 includes a positive electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a positive electrode binder that binds the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material and the current collector 12a of the positive electrode current collector 12. including.
- the positive electrode active material layer 13 includes the positive electrode active material, and is configured to be able to occlude and release lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material layer 13 may further contain other components such as a conductive additive for increasing the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer 13 and a thickener for facilitating the creation of the positive electrode plate 11. .
- the conductive auxiliary agent for example, ketjen black, acetylene black, graphite fine particles, and graphite fine fibers can be used.
- the thickener for example, carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] can be used.
- the positive electrode active material a positive electrode active material capable of adsorbing and desorbing lithium ions, which is used in a conventional lithium ion capacitor, can be used.
- the positive electrode active material for example, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, polyacene, or the like can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a binder having a RED value (described later) based on the Hansen solubility parameter with respect to the electrolytic solution 40 is larger than 1.
- a binder for positive and negative electrodes of a conventional lithium ion capacitor for example, polyvinylidene fluoride [PVdF], polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], polyvinyl chloride [PVC], polyethylene [PE], Examples include polypropylene [PP], ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene rubber [SBR], acrylic resin, and polyacrylic acid.
- the positive electrode binder since the RED value based on the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) with respect to the electrolytic solution 40 is larger than 1, the positive electrode binder exhibits poor solubility in the electrolytic solution 40.
- the Hansen solubility parameter was published by Charles M Hansen and is known as a solubility index indicating how much a certain substance is dissolved in a certain substance. For example, water and oil generally do not melt together because the “properties” of water and oil are different.
- the “property” of the substance relating to the solubility in the Hansen solubility parameter, three items of the dispersion term D, the polar term P, and the hydrogen bond term H are expressed numerically for each substance.
- the dispersion term D is a value representing the magnitude of van der Waals force
- the polar term P is a value representing the magnitude of the dipole moment
- the hydrogen bond term H is a value representing the magnitude of the hydrogen bond.
- Hansen solubility parameters are plotted in a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system (Hansen space, HSP space) in order to study solubility.
- the Hansen solubility parameter for each of the solution A and the solid B can be plotted on two coordinates (coordinate A and coordinate B) corresponding to the solution A and the solid B, respectively, in the Hansen space.
- Ra HSP distance, Ra
- the solutions A and the solids B have the above-mentioned “properties”, so the solid B is more likely to dissolve in the solution A. it can.
- the electrolytic solution 40 corresponds to the solution A here, and the positive electrode binder corresponds to the solid B. Since the positive electrode binder has a RED value based on the Hansen solubility parameter with respect to the electrolytic solution 40 larger than 1, the positive electrode binder is hardly soluble in the electrolytic solution 40. Conversely, if the RED value based on the Hansen solubility parameter with respect to the electrolytic solution 40 is a positive electrode binder that is hardly soluble in the electrolytic solution 40 to the extent that the RED value is greater than 1, the positive electrode binder also has a RED value based on the Hansen solubility parameter. Can be considered greater than 1.
- the Hansen solubility parameter and the interaction radius R0 can be calculated using the chemical structure and composition ratio of the components and experimental results. In that case, it can be obtained using software HSPiP developed by Hansen et al. (Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice: Windows [registered trademark] software for efficiently handling HSP). This software HSPiP is available as of May 2, 2018 from http://www.hansen-solubility.com/. Also, the Hansen solubility parameters (D, P, H) can be calculated for a mixed solvent in which a plurality of solvents are mixed.
- the negative electrode plate 21 roughly has the same configuration as the positive electrode plate 11 described above, and includes a thin plate-like negative electrode current collector 22 and a negative electrode active material layer 23 coated on the negative electrode current collector 22. I have.
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 is coated on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22, but the coated surface may be either one surface. And, in order to prevent the lithium ion capacitor 1 from excessively containing moisture, it is necessary to sufficiently dry the coated negative electrode active material layer 23 after coating the negative electrode active material layer 23 on the negative electrode current collector 22 at the time of manufacture. There is. Further, as will be described later, the negative electrode active material layer 23 occludes lithium ions Li + during manufacturing (so-called pre-doping).
- the negative electrode current collector 22 is a metal foil in which a plurality of holes 22c penetrating in the Z direction are formed (see FIGS. 6 and 7), like the positive electrode current collector 12 of the positive electrode plate 11 described above.
- the current collector 22a and the electrode terminal connection 22b that protrudes outward from one end of the current collector 22a (the right end on the upper side in the example of FIG. 6) are integrally formed.
- the current collector 22a has a plurality of holes 22c (see FIGS. 6 and 7), but the electrode terminal connection 22b has a plurality of holes similar to the holes 22c of the current collector 22a. It may not be formed and may be formed.
- the current collector 22a has a plurality of holes 22c, cations and anions contained in the electrolytic solution 40 can pass through the current collector 12a.
- the current collector 22a may not have a plurality of holes 22c, and the electrode terminal connection portion 22b may not have a plurality of holes similar to the holes 22c.
- the positive electrode terminal connection portion 12 b and the electrode terminal connection portion 22 b of the negative electrode plate 21 are provided at positions spaced apart from each other in the surface direction of the negative electrode plate so as not to overlap. Yes.
- variety of the Y-axis direction of the electrode terminal connection part 22b shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 can be changed suitably, for example, is good also as the same width as the current collection part 22a.
- a metal foil made of, for example, aluminum, stainless steel, or copper can be used in the same manner as the positive electrode current collector 12 of the positive electrode plate 11.
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 includes a negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, binding of the negative electrode active material, and collection of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector 22.
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 is comprised so that occlusion and discharge
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 may further contain other components such as a conductive additive for enhancing the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer 23 and a thickener for facilitating the creation of the negative electrode plate 21. .
- the same materials as those of the positive electrode plate 11 described above can be used. That is, for example, ketjen black, acetylene black, graphite fine particles, and graphite fine fibers can be used as the conductive assistant.
- the thickener for example, carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] can be used.
- a negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, which is used in conventional lithium ion capacitors and conventional lithium ion secondary batteries, can be used. That is, as the negative electrode active material, for example, carbonaceous materials such as graphite, metal oxides such as tin oxide and silicon oxide, and phosphorus and boron are added to these materials for the purpose of improving negative electrode characteristics. Those subjected to modification can be used. In addition, as the negative electrode active material, lithium titanate represented by the chemical formula Li 4 + x Ti 5 O 12 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3) and having a spinel structure may be used.
- a material in which a part of Ti is substituted with an element such as Al or Mg may be used.
- silicon-based materials such as silicon, silicon alloy, SiO, and silicon composite material may be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a binder having a RED value greater than 1 based on the Hansen solubility parameter for the electrolytic solution 40 can be used.
- a binder of a conventional lithium ion capacitor for example, polyvinylidene fluoride [PVdF], polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], polyvinyl chloride [PVC], polyethylene [PE], polypropylene [PP] Ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene rubber [SBR], acrylic resin, and polyacrylic acid.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PE polyethylene
- PE polypropylene
- PP Ethylene-propylene copolymer
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 is occluded (so-called pre-doped) with lithium ions Li + during manufacturing.
- pre-doped lithium ions Li + during manufacturing.
- an upper limit can also be provided in the quantity of this lithium ion Li ⁇ +> to dope.
- pre-doping methods There are roughly two types of pre-doping methods. That is, in one method, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of positive plates 11, a plurality of negative plates 21, and a plurality of separators 30 are laminated, and these are put together with the electrolyte 40 inside the laminate member 50 (see FIG. 2). In this method, the pre-doping is performed after being housed in the laminate member 50. The other is a method of pre-doping outside the laminate member 50 in which lithium ion Li + is previously occluded in the negative electrode active material before the negative electrode plate 21 is formed.
- the method of pre-doping inside the laminate member 50 includes two methods, a chemical method and an electrochemical method.
- the method of pre-doping inside the laminate member 50 the plurality of positive plates 11, the plurality of negative plates 21, and the plurality of separators 30 are accommodated in the laminate member 50 (see FIG. 2) together with the electrolytic solution 40 and then pre-doped.
- the chemical method is a method in which lithium metal is dissolved in the electrolytic solution 40 to form lithium ion Li + and the lithium ion Li + is occluded in the negative electrode active material.
- the electrochemical method a voltage is applied to the lithium metal and the negative electrode plate 21 to convert the lithium metal to lithium ion Li + and to store the lithium ion Li + in the negative electrode active material.
- the current collector portion of the positive electrode current collector 12 of the positive electrode plate 11 so that the lithium ions Li + are easily diffused in the electrolytic solution 40. It is desirable that lithium ions Li + can pass through 12a (see FIG. 5) and the current collector 22a (see FIG. 7) of the negative electrode current collector 22 of the negative electrode plate 21. Therefore, when pre-doping is performed by a chemical method or an electrochemical method, the current collecting portion 12a of the positive electrode plate 11 has a plurality of holes 12c, and the current collecting portion 22a of the negative electrode plate 21 (see FIG. 7). ) Is preferably formed with a plurality of holes 22c.
- a lithium ion Li + in the electrolyte 40 to pre-dope It is not necessary to diffuse.
- the current collecting portion 12a of the positive electrode plate 11 does not need to have a plurality of holes 12c, and the current collecting portion 22a of the negative electrode plate 21 (FIG. 7). A plurality of holes 22c may not be formed.
- the method of pre-doping inside the laminate member 50 and the method of pre-doping outside the laminate member 50 may be appropriately combined. That is, in addition to the method of pre-doping outside the laminate member 50, the plurality of positive electrode plates 11, the plurality of negative electrode plates 21, and the plurality of separators 30 are accommodated inside the laminate member 50 (see FIG. 2) together with the electrolytic solution 40. Thereafter, pre-doping may be performed by a chemical method or an electrochemical method, which is a method of pre-doping inside the laminate member 50.
- the separator 30 is made of a porous material that separates the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 21 and can transmit the cation and anion of the electrolytic solution 40, and is formed in a rectangular sheet shape.
- the vertical and horizontal lengths of the separator 30 are set longer than the length of the current collector 12 a of the positive electrode current collector 12 of the positive electrode plate 11 and the length of the current collector 22 a of the negative electrode current collector 22 of the negative electrode plate 21.
- a separator used in a conventional lithium ion capacitor can be used.
- papermaking such as viscose rayon or natural cellulose, or nonwoven fabric such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be used.
- the electrolytic solution 40 includes an organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent) and an imide-based lithium salt as an electrolyte. You may add an additive to the electrolyte solution 40 suitably.
- an additive for example, an additive that promotes the formation of a SEI film (Solid Electrolyte Interface film) on the negative electrode, such as vinylene carbonate [VC], fluoroethylene carbonate [FEC], or ethylene sulfite [ES], is used. Can do.
- organic solvent an organic solvent having a heat resistance of 85 ° C.
- An organic solvent can be illustrated.
- a solvent in which one or two or more of these organic solvents are mixed at an appropriate composition ratio can be used as the organic solvent.
- the carbonate organic solvent cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate [EC], propylene carbonate [PC] and fluoroethylene carbonate [FEC], ethyl methyl carbonate [EMC], diethyl carbonate [DEC], dimethyl carbonate [DMC] and the like
- the chain carbonate can be illustrated.
- the organic solvent does not contain dimethyl carbonate [DMC] which is a kind of chain carbonate. Dimethyl carbonate [DMC] rarely causes deterioration of heat resistance.
- nitrile organic solvents include acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, adiponitrile, valeronitrile, and isobutyronitrile.
- lactone organic solvent include ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone.
- ether organic solvents include cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, and chain ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethyl ether, and triglyme.
- the alcohol organic solvent include ethyl alcohol and ethylene glycol.
- ester organic solvent examples include phosphate esters such as methyl acetate, propyl acetate and trimethyl phosphate, sulfate esters such as dimethyl sulfate, and sulfite esters such as dimethyl sulfite.
- amide organic solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylenediamine.
- sulfone-based organic solvent examples include chain sulfones such as dimethyl sulfone and cyclic sulfones such as 3-sulfolene.
- ketone organic solvent examples include methyl ethyl ketone, and toluene as the aromatic organic solvent.
- the above-mentioned various organic solvents excluding the carbonate-based organic solvent are preferably used by mixing with cyclic carbonate, and in particular, mixed with ethylene carbonate [EC] capable of forming an SEI film (Solid Electrolyte Interface film) on the negative electrode. It is preferable to use it.
- the positive electrode binder and the negative electrode binder described above are preferably polyacrylic acid.
- the organic solvent preferably contains ethyl methyl carbonate [EMC] and diethyl carbonate [DEC].
- an imide-based lithium salt (a lithium salt having —SO 2 —N—SO 2 — in a partial structure) can be used.
- the imide-based lithium salt lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide [LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , LiFSI], lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide [LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiTFSI], lithium bis (Pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide [LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiBETI] can be exemplified.
- these imide-based lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These imide-based lithium salts have a heat resistance of 85 ° C.
- an imide lithium salt having no trifluoromethane group (—CF 3 ), pentafluoroethane group (—CF 2 CF 3 ), or pentafluorophenyl group (—C 6 F 5 ) (for example, , Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide [LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , LiFSI]) is preferable in the following points.
- the positive electrode binder and the negative electrode binder tend to have a RED value greater than 1 based on the Hansen solubility parameter. Further, even at high and low temperatures, the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution 40 hardly decreases, and the electrolytic solution 40 is stabilized.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution 40 is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 mol / L. From the viewpoint of an appropriate viscosity of the electrolytic solution 40 and ion conductivity, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution 40 is more preferably 0.5 to 2.0 mol / L. When the concentration of the electrolyte is less than 0.5 mol / L, it is not preferable because the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution 40 is too low due to a decrease in the concentration of ions from which the electrolyte is dissociated.
- the concentration of the electrolyte is higher than 10.0 mol / L because the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution 40 is too low due to an increase in the viscosity of the electrolytic solution 40.
- the positive electrode binder and negative electrode binder which were mentioned above are polyacrylic acid.
- the laminate member 50 includes a core material sheet 51, an outer sheet 52, and an inner sheet 53.
- the outer sheet 52 is bonded to the outer surface of the core material sheet 51
- the inner sheet 53 is bonded to the inner surface of the core material sheet 51.
- the core material sheet 51 can be an aluminum foil
- the outer sheet 52 can be a resin sheet such as a nylon pet film
- the inner sheet 53 can be a resin sheet such as polypropylene.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 has a configuration in which a positive electrode plate 11 and a negative electrode plate 21 face each other with a separator 30 interposed therebetween.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 In the lithium ion capacitor 1, an electric double layer is formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer 13 of the positive electrode plate 11, the anion of the electrolyte is adsorbed and desorbed, and the negative electrode active material layer 23 of the negative electrode plate 21 is lithium ion. Charging / discharging is performed by inserting and extracting Li + . Further, as described above, when the lithium ion capacitor 1 is manufactured, pre-doping is performed so that the negative electrode active material layer 23 of the negative electrode plate 21 occludes lithium ions Li + .
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 In the lithium ion capacitor 1, the lithium ion Li + is occluded in the negative electrode active material, so that the potential difference between the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 21 increases, and the energy of the electric double layer formed on the positive electrode plate 11. The density can be increased. As a result, the lithium ion capacitor 1 has a higher output.
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 is a lithium ion Li + is pre-doped
- the amount of lithium ion Li + to the pre-doping can also be an upper limit value as described below.
- the electrolyte is ionized into lithium ions Li + and anions X ⁇ .
- the negative electrode active material layer 23 occludes lithium ions Li + occluded by pre-doping. Then, from the fully discharged state to the fully charged state, the anion of the electrolyte is adsorbed on the positive electrode active material layer 13, and an electric double layer is formed. On the other hand, the negative electrode active material layer 23 occludes the same amount (mol) of lithium ions Li + as the anions adsorbed on the positive electrode active material layer 13.
- the amount of lithium ion Li + occluded by the negative electrode active material layer 23 includes the amount Np (mol) of lithium ion Li + occluded by pre-doping and the amount of anion adsorbed on the positive electrode active material layer 13 (mol). ).
- FIG. 9 shows the amount (mol) of anions adsorbed on the positive electrode active material layer 13 and the amount (mol) of lithium ions Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 when fully charged. Indicated. At the time of full charge, the amount (mol) of anions adsorbed on the positive electrode active material layer 13 becomes the maximum amount Pt, and the amount (mol) of lithium ions Li + stored in the negative electrode active material layer 23 becomes N. (See FIG. 9).
- the lithium ion Li + in an amount N of the anode active material layer 23 is occluded (mol) is the negative electrode active material layer 23 and the lithium ion Li + in an amount Np that is occluded by the pre-doping, the positive electrode active material
- Nt represents the amount (mol) of lithium ion Li + that can be occluded by the negative electrode active material layer 23 before pre-doping.
- Nt the amount of the lithium ion Li + that can be stored in the negative electrode active material layer 23 before pre-doping.
- Np + Pt> Nt the amount of the lithium ions Li + stored in the negative electrode active material layer 23.
- Npmax Nt ⁇ Pt.
- the amount Nt of lithium ions Li + that can be occluded by the negative electrode active material layer 23 before pre-doping and the amount Pt of anions adsorbed by the positive electrode active material layer 13 at full charge are, for example, positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material
- Npmax is equal to 2 times Pt (ie, 2 ⁇ Pt) (see FIG. 9).
- Npmax varies depending on the value of Nt and the value of Pt (see FIG. 9). That is, the upper limit value Npmax of the amount Np of lithium ion Li + stored in the negative electrode active material layer 23 by pre-doping is the amount Nt of lithium ion Li + that can be stored in the negative electrode active material layer 23 before pre-doping, and the positive electrode when fully charged The amount varies depending on the amount Pt of anions adsorbed by the active material layer 13.
- the upper limit Npmax is set for the amount Np of lithium ions Li + to be occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 by pre-doping
- the maximum amount of lithium ions Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 is during full charge during the charge / discharge process.
- the amount N of lithium ions Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 at full charge is equal to the amount Np of lithium ions Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 by pre-doping.
- N Np + Pt
- the amount N of lithium ion Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 during full charge is the amount Nt of lithium ion Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material layer 23 before pre-doping.
- N is expressed as% when N is 100%
- the dope rate of the negative electrode active material in a negative electrode active material layer is represented as follows.
- Doping rate (%) N / Nt ⁇ 100
- N Amount of lithium ion (mol) stored in the negative electrode active material (negative electrode active material layer) at full charge
- Nt Amount of lithium ion (mol) that can be occluded by the negative electrode active material (negative electrode active material layer) before pre-doping
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 has a heat resistance of 85 ° C.
- a conventional lithium ion capacitor when a conventional lithium ion capacitor is kept at about 85 ° C., by a lithium ion Li + is slide into gradually changing to inactive compounds, the amount of lithium ion Li + to be involved in charge and discharge is decreased The charge / discharge capacity may be reduced.
- Such a lithium ion capacitor has a low charge / discharge capacity at high temperatures, that is, poor high-temperature durability.
- the high temperature durability means that the charge / discharge capacity of the lithium ion capacitor is maintained at a sufficient amount even when the lithium ion capacitor is kept at a high temperature.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 is pre-doped lithium ion Li + in the anode active material, lithium ion Li + is occluded in the negative electrode active substance in. For this reason, even if the lithium ion Li + necessary for charging and discharging changes to an inactive compound, the lithium ion Li + occluded in the negative electrode active material by pre-doping compensates for the change, so that the charging of the lithium ion capacitor 1 is performed. Reduction of discharge capacity can be suppressed. For this reason, the lithium ion capacitor 1 has not only heat resistance of 85 ° C. but also high temperature durability.
- the doping rate is preferably 50% to 100%, more preferably 80% to 100%, and still more preferably 90% to 100%.
- the alkali metal ion capacitor of the present disclosure is not limited to the structure, configuration, appearance, shape, and the like described in the above embodiment, and various changes, additions, Can be deleted.
- the lithium ion capacitor 1 is a laminated lithium ion capacitor in which a positive electrode plate 11, a negative electrode plate 21, and a separator 30 are stacked, but a long positive electrode, a long negative electrode, and a long separator. A wound lithium ion capacitor can be obtained.
- each of the alkali metal ion capacitors includes a positive electrode active material that can adsorb and desorb alkali metal ions, a positive electrode binder that binds the positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material that can absorb and release alkali metal ions, A negative electrode binder for binding the negative electrode active material; and an electrolytic solution containing an organic solvent and an imide-based alkali metal salt.
- alkali metals other than lithium include lithium, sodium, and potassium.
- the standard electrode potentials of these alkali metals are -3.045V for lithium, -2.714V for sodium, and -2.925V for potassium.
- the alkali metal ion capacitor is configured such that the standard electrode potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is relatively large, and these alkali metal ions are involved in charging and discharging.
- the doping rate of the negative electrode active material is represented by the following formula.
- Doping rate (%) Z / Zt ⁇ 100
- a positive electrode slurry A using polyacrylic acid as a binder was prepared by the following procedure.
- a pre-slurry was prepared by mixing all materials and water with a mixer a (Shinky Co., Ltd. Awatori Nertaro ARE-310).
- the pre-slurry obtained in (1) was further mixed with a mixer b (Filmix 40-L manufactured by PRIMIX Co., Ltd.) to prepare an intermediate slurry.
- the intermediate slurry obtained in (2) was mixed again with the mixer a to prepare a positive electrode slurry A.
- the positive electrode slurries B and C using acrylic ester or SBR as a binder were prepared by the following procedure.
- a material excluding the binder and water were mixed in a mixer a to prepare a pre-slurry.
- the pre-slurry obtained in (1) was further mixed with a mixer b to prepare an intermediate slurry.
- a binder was added to the intermediate slurry obtained in (2) and mixed by a mixer a to prepare positive electrode slurry B or C.
- an aluminum foil (porous foil) having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was used as a current collector foil, and positive electrode slurries A to C were respectively applied to the current collector foil and dried to prepare positive electrodes A to C.
- the coating amount of the positive electrode slurry was adjusted so that the mass of the activated carbon after drying was 3 mg / cm 2 .
- a blade coater or a die coater was used for coating the positive electrode slurry on the current collector foil.
- [Creation of negative electrode] 95 parts by mass of graphite as a negative electrode active material, 1 part by mass of SBR as a binder, 1 part by mass of CMC as a thickener, and 100 parts by mass of water as a solvent were mixed, and a slurry for negative electrode was prepared by the following procedure.
- a material excluding the binder and water were mixed in a mixer a to prepare a pre-slurry.
- the pre-slurry obtained in (1) was further mixed with a mixer b to prepare an intermediate slurry.
- a binder was added to the intermediate slurry obtained in (2) and mixed by a mixer a to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- a copper foil (porous foil) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was used as the current collector foil, and the negative electrode slurry was applied to the current collector foil and dried to prepare a negative electrode.
- the coating amount of the negative electrode slurry was adjusted so that the mass of graphite after drying was 3 mg / cm 2 .
- a blade coater was used for coating the negative electrode slurry on the current collector foil.
- a mixed solvent of 30% by volume of ethylene carbonate (EC), 30% by volume of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 40% by volume of ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was used, and 1 mol / L of lithium bis (fluorosulfonylimide) (LiFSI) was used as the mixed solvent.
- the electrolyte solution I was adjusted by adding. Further, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was added to the mixed solvent to prepare an electrolytic solution P.
- Electrolytic solution I2 was prepared by adding 1 mol / L of bis (fluorosulfonylimide) (LiFSI).
- a lithium ion capacitor was produced by the following procedure using a combination of the positive electrode and the electrolyte shown in Table 2.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are each punched out into a rectangle of 60 mm ⁇ 40 mm, and the current collecting tab is formed by stripping off the 20 mm ⁇ 40 mm region of the coating on the long side, leaving the 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm coating film. Attached.
- a laminate was prepared by making the coating portions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode face each other with a cellulose separator having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m interposed therebetween.
- the lithium ion capacitors of Test Examples 6 to 8 had an internal resistance increase rate of less than 50% even after 1600 hours had elapsed.
- the lithium ion capacitors of Test Examples 6 to 8 had a capacity retention rate of 85% or more even after 1600 hours had elapsed. From these results, it was revealed that the lithium ion capacitors of Test Examples 3 to 5 have heat resistance at 85 ° C. and high durability in a high temperature environment.
- Test Examples 7 and 8 were results superior to Test Example 6 in the increase rate of internal resistance and the change in discharge capacity. From this, it became clear that the doping rate is preferably 90 to 100% rather than 80%.
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Abstract
Description
リチウムイオンキャパシタ1は、図1に示すように、複数の正極板11と、複数の負極板21と、複数のセパレータ30と、電解液40と、ラミネート部材50とを備えている。ここで、図1に示す様に、正極板11と負極板21とは交互に積層されており、正極板11と負極板21との間それぞれにセパレータ30が挟まれている。電解液40は、この様に積層された、複数の正極板11の一部と、複数の負極板21の一部と、複数のセパレータ30と共に、2つのラミネート部材50に包まれて密封されている。
<2-1.正極板11について(図1、図3~図5)>
正極板11は、薄板状の正極集電体12と、正極集電体12に塗工されている正極活物質層13とを備えている(図3~図5参照)。なお、正極活物質層13が設けられるのは、正極集電体12の両面であるが、正極集電体12のどちらかの片面であってもよい。そして、リチウムイオンキャパシタ1が過度に水分を含まない様に、製造時には、正極活物質層13を正極集電体12に塗工した後、塗工された正極活物質層13を十分乾燥させる必要がある。
負極板21は、大まかには上述した正極板11と同様の構成を備えており、薄板状の負極集電体22と、負極集電体22に塗工されている負極活物質層23とを備えている。負極活物質層23は、負極集電体22の両面に塗工されているが、塗工されている面はどちらかの片面であってもよい。そして、リチウムイオンキャパシタ1が過度に水分を含まない様に、製造時には、負極活物質層23を負極集電体22に塗工した後、塗工された負極活物質層23を十分乾燥させる必要がある。また、後述する様に、負極活物質層23は、製造時にリチウムイオンLi+が吸蔵される(いわゆるプレドープされる)。
セパレータ30は、図1に示す様に、正極板11と負極板21とを隔離し、かつ、電解液40の陽イオンおよび陰イオンが透過できる多孔質の材料からなり、矩形のシート状に形成されている。セパレータ30の縦横の長さは、正極板11の正極集電体12の集電部12aの長さ、および、負極板21の負極集電体22の集電部22aの長さよりも長く設定されている。セパレータ30は、従来のリチウムイオンキャパシタに使用されているようなセパレータを用いることができ、例えば、ビスコースレイヨンや天然セルロース等の抄紙、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン等の不織布を用いることができる。
電解液40は、有機溶媒(非水溶媒)、および電解質としてイミド系リチウム塩を含む。電解液40には、適宜添加剤を添加してもよい。添加剤としては、例えば、ビニレンカーボネート[VC]や、フルオロエチレンカーボネート[FEC]や、エチレンサルファイト[ES]等、負極にSEI膜(Solid Electrolyte Interface 膜)の生成を促進させる添加剤を用いることができる。
ラミネート部材50は、図3に示すように、心材シート51、外側シート52、内側シート53を備えている。そして、心材シート51の外側となる面に外側シート52が接着され、心材シート51の内側となる面に内側シート53が接着されている。例えば、心材シート51をアルミニウム箔とし、外側シート52をナイロンペットフィルム等の樹脂シートとし、内側シート53をポリプロピレン等の樹脂シートとすることができる。
リチウムイオンキャパシタ1の、正極10の正極板11と、負極20の負極板21と、セパレータ30と、電解液40との位置関係を図8に模式的に示した。図8に示す様に、リチウムイオンキャパシタ1は、正極板11と負極板21とが、セパレータ30を間に挟んで向き合う構成となっている。リチウムイオンキャパシタ1は、正極板11の正極活物質層13の表面に電気二重層を形成し、電解質の陰イオンが吸着・脱離すること、および負極板21の負極活物質層23がリチウムイオンLi+を吸蔵・放出することで充放電を行う。また、上述した様に、リチウムイオンキャパシタ1の製造時には、負極板21の負極活物質層23にリチウムイオンLi+を吸蔵させるプレドープを行う。リチウムイオンキャパシタ1は、負極活物質にリチウムイオンLi+が吸蔵されていることで、正極板11と負極板21との間の電位差が大きくなり、正極板11に形成される電気二重層のエネルギー密度を高めることができる。その結果、リチウムイオンキャパシタ1は、高出力化されたものとなる。
負極活物質層23にリチウムイオンLi+がプレドープされているが、このプレドープするリチウムイオンLi+の量は、以下で説明する様に上限値を設けることもできる。なお、以下の説明において、電解質はリチウムイオンLi+と陰イオンX-に電離するものとする。
ドープ率(%)=N/Nt×100
N:満充電時において負極活物質(負極活物質層)が吸蔵しているリチウムイオンの量(mol)
Nt:プレドープ前の負極活物質(負極活物質層)が吸蔵可能なリチウムイオンの量(mol)
以上に説明した構成により、リチウムイオンキャパシタ1は、85℃の耐熱性を備える。
本開示のアルカリ金属イオンキャパシタは、上記の実施の形態にて説明した構造、構成、外観、形状等に限定されるものではなく、上述した実施の形態を理解することにより種々の変更、追加、削除が可能である。
ドープ率(%)=Z/Zt×100
Z:満充電時において負極活物質(負極活物質層)が吸蔵しているアルカリ金属イオンの量(mol)
Zt:プレドープ前の負極活物質(負極活物質層)が吸蔵可能なアルカリ金属イオンの量(mol)
正極活物質として粉体の活性炭、バインダとしてポリアクリル酸(ポリアクリル酸のナトリウム中和塩)、アクリル酸エステル又はスチレン-ブタジエンゴム〔SBR〕、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック、増粘材としてカルボキシメチルセルロース〔CMC〕、溶媒として水を用いて、表1に示される組成にて正極活物質を含む正極用スラリーA~Cを調製した。なお、表1における「部」は質量部を示し、「%」は質量%を示す。
(1)全ての材料と水とを、ミキサーa(株式会社シンキー製あわとり練太郎ARE-310)にて混合してプレスラリーを調製した。
(2)(1)で得たプレスラリーを、ミキサーb(プライミクス株式会社製フィルミックス40-L)にて更に混合して中間スラリーを調製した。
(3)(2)で得た中間スラリーを再度ミキサーaで混合して正極用スラリーAを調製した。
(1)バインダを除く材料と水とを、ミキサーaにて混合してプレスラリーを調製した。
(2)(1)で得たプレスラリーを、ミキサーbにて更に混合して中間スラリーを調製した。
(3)(2)で得た中間スラリーにバインダを添加し、ミキサーaにて混合して正極用スラリーB又はCを調製した。
負極活物質としてのグラファイト95質量部、バインダとしてのSBR1質量部、増粘材としてのCMC1質量部、溶媒としての水100質量部を混合し、以下の手順にて負極用スラリーを調製した。
(1)バインダを除く材料と水とを、ミキサーaにて混合してプレスラリーを調製した。
(2)(1)で得たプレスラリーを、ミキサーbにて更に混合して中間スラリーを調製した。
(3)(2)で得た中間スラリーにバインダを添加し、ミキサーaにて混合して負極用スラリーを調製した。
溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)30vol%、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)30vol%及びエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)40vol%の混合溶媒を用い、混合溶媒にリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニルイミド)(LiFSI)を1mol/L添加して電解液Iを調整した。また、混合溶媒にヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を添加して電解液Pを調整した。また溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)30vol%、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)46.7vol%、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)23.3vol%、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)10vol%の混合溶媒を用い、混合溶媒にリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニルイミド)(LiFSI)を1mol/L添加して電解液I2を調整した。
リチウムイオンキャパシタを、表2に示す正極及び電解質の組み合わせで、次の手順にて作製した。
(1)正極、負極をそれぞれ打ち抜き、60mm×40mmのサイズの長方形とし、40mm×40mmの塗膜を残して長辺の一端側の20mm×40mmの領域の塗膜を剥ぎ落として集電用タブを取り付けた。
(2)厚さ20μmのセルロース製セパレータを間に介した状態で正極と負極の塗膜部分を対向させて積層体を作製した。
(3)(2)で作製した積層体と、リチウムプレドープ用の金属リチウム箔をアルミラミネート箔に内包し、電解液を注入し、封止してリチウムイオンキャパシタを作製した。なお、それぞれの正極バインダ及び電解液の組み合わせにおけるRED値も表2に示す。
各リチウムイオンキャパシタにおいて、リチウムプレドープ、充放電、エージングを行った後、常温(25℃)にて、カットオフ電圧:2.2~3.8V、測定電流10Cで内部抵抗及び放電容量を測定し、その結果を初期性能とした。ドープ率は80%に調整した。
外部電源を繋いで電圧を3.8Vに保持した状態の評価用リチウムイオンキャパシタセルを85℃の恒温槽内に放置した。その放置時間が、85℃,3.8Vフロート時間に相当する。所定時間経過後、評価用リチウムイオンキャパシタセルを恒温槽から取り出し、常温に戻した後上記初期性能の測定と同一条件で内部抵抗及び放電容量を測定し、容量維持率(初期の放電容量を100%としたときの放電容量の百分比)と、内部抵抗増加率(初期性能からの内部抵抗の増加率)を算出した。その結果を表3に示す。
次に、リチウムイオンのドープ率の影響を検討した。試験例2と同様の方法で試験例6~8のリチウムイオンキャパシタを作成し、以下の試験を行った。但し、試験例6のドープ率は80%、試験例7のドープ率は90%、試験例8のドープ率は100%になるよう調整した。
リチウムイオンキャパシタを常温(25℃)にて、カットオフ電圧:3.0~3.5V、測定電流5mA、0.2Cで内部抵抗及び放電容量を測定した。内部抵抗の測定は、DC-IR法にて0~0.1secにおける内部抵抗(mΩ)を測定した。続いて、外部電源を繋いで電圧を3.8Vに保持した状態のリチウムイオンキャパシタを85℃の恒温槽内に放置した。所定時間経過後、リチウムイオンキャパシタを恒温槽から取り出し、常温に戻した後上記の電池性能の測定を行った。図10には、試験例6~8の内部抵抗の増加率を示す。図11には、試験例6~8の放電容量の変化を示す。
Claims (5)
- アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタであって、
アルカリ金属イオンを吸着可能および脱離可能な正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質を結着させる正極バインダと、
アルカリ金属イオンを吸蔵可能および放出可能な負極活物質と、
前記負極活物質を結着させる負極バインダと、
有機溶媒およびイミド系アルカリ金属塩を含む電解液と、を備え、
前記負極活物質は前記アルカリ金属イオンがプレドープされ、
前記正極バインダが、前記電解液に対するハンセン溶解度パラメータに基づくRED値が1より大きい、
アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ。 - 請求項1に記載のアルカリ金属イオンキャパシタであって、
前記アルカリ金属イオンはリチウムイオンであり、
前記イミド系アルカリ金属塩はイミド系リチウム塩である、
アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ。 - 請求項2に記載のアルカリ金属イオンキャパシタであって、
前記有機溶媒は、ジメチルカーボネートを含まない、
アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ。 - 請求項2または請求項3に記載のアルカリ金属イオンキャパシタであって、
前記正極バインダおよび前記負極バインダの少なくとも一方はポリアクリル酸である、
アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ。 - 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のアルカリ金属イオンキャパシタであって、
前記負極活物質のドープ率が50%から100%である、
アルカリ金属イオンキャパシタ。
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2019
- 2019-04-26 WO PCT/JP2019/017846 patent/WO2019212038A1/ja unknown
- 2019-04-26 KR KR1020207034253A patent/KR102629047B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-04-26 EP EP19796426.5A patent/EP3790030A4/en active Pending
- 2019-04-26 US US17/051,949 patent/US11501927B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-26 CN CN201980029345.0A patent/CN112106161B/zh active Active
- 2019-04-26 JP JP2020517062A patent/JPWO2019212038A1/ja active Pending
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2023
- 2023-10-06 JP JP2023174265A patent/JP2023175953A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016072309A (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2016-05-09 | 旭化成株式会社 | リチウムイオンキャパシタ |
JP2017017299A (ja) * | 2015-04-23 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | リチウムイオンキャパシタ |
JP2017063069A (ja) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスの製造方法 |
JP2017139324A (ja) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-10 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオンキャパシタ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3790030A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20210002669A (ko) | 2021-01-08 |
EP3790030A4 (en) | 2022-01-12 |
EP3790030A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
US20210366665A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
CN112106161A (zh) | 2020-12-18 |
KR102629047B1 (ko) | 2024-01-23 |
CN112106161B (zh) | 2023-03-14 |
US11501927B2 (en) | 2022-11-15 |
JP2023175953A (ja) | 2023-12-12 |
JPWO2019212038A1 (ja) | 2021-05-13 |
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