WO2019188545A1 - Composition for forming conductive thin film - Google Patents

Composition for forming conductive thin film Download PDF

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WO2019188545A1
WO2019188545A1 PCT/JP2019/011339 JP2019011339W WO2019188545A1 WO 2019188545 A1 WO2019188545 A1 WO 2019188545A1 JP 2019011339 W JP2019011339 W JP 2019011339W WO 2019188545 A1 WO2019188545 A1 WO 2019188545A1
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group
composition
thin film
conductive thin
energy storage
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PCT/JP2019/011339
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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辰也 畑中
康志 境田
瞬 藤田
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日産化学株式会社
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Priority to JP2020510723A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019188545A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/16—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive material in insulating or poorly conductive material, e.g. conductive rubber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition for forming a conductive thin film.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery is a secondary battery that has been developed most vigorously at present because it has a high energy density and a high voltage and has no memory effect during charging and discharging.
  • the development of electric vehicles has been actively promoted due to recent efforts to deal with environmental problems, and higher performance has been demanded for secondary batteries as a power source.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery contains a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and a separator interposed therebetween in a container, and an electrolyte solution (liquid in the case of a lithium ion polymer secondary battery) therein. It has a structure filled with a gel-like or all solid electrolyte instead of the electrolyte.
  • an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, a conductive material mainly composed of a carbon material, and a composition containing a polymer binder are generally applied on a current collector such as a copper foil or an aluminum foil. It is manufactured by doing.
  • This binder is used to bond an active material and a conductive material, and further to the metal foil, and is a fluorine-based resin soluble in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or an olefin-based heavy polymer.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • olefin-based heavy polymer Combined aqueous dispersions are commercially available.
  • the adhesive strength of the binder to the current collector is not sufficient, and a part of the active material or conductive material is peeled off from the current collector during the manufacturing process such as the electrode cutting process or the winding process. , Causing a short circuit and variation in battery capacity.
  • the contact resistance between the electrode mixture and the current collector increases due to the volume change of the electrode mixture due to the swelling of the binder due to the electrolytic solution and the volume change due to the lithium occlusion and release of the active material after long-term use.
  • battery capacity is deteriorated due to part of the active material or conductive material peeling off from the current collector or dropping off, and further, there is a problem in terms of safety.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a conductive layer containing carbon as a conductive filler is used as an undercoat layer and disposed between a current collector and an electrode mixture layer, and the undercoat layer is provided.
  • a conductive layer containing carbon as a conductive filler is used as an undercoat layer and disposed between a current collector and an electrode mixture layer, and the undercoat layer is provided.
  • Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose similar techniques.
  • Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 disclose an undercoat layer using carbon nanotubes (hereinafter also abbreviated as CNT) as a conductive filler.
  • CNT carbon nanotubes
  • the undercoat is expected not only to lower the resistance of the battery but also to suppress the increase in resistance, but depending on the conductive carbon material used, the resistance of the battery is increased and the resistance increase is accelerated. There is a case to let you. In this regard, it is not clear what conductive carbon material is used to reduce the resistance of the battery and suppress the increase in resistance.
  • This invention is made
  • the present inventors have used a carbon nanotube having an average diameter in a specific range in the composition for forming a conductive thin film, thereby reducing the resistance and increasing the resistance.
  • the inventors have found that a composition capable of providing an undercoat layer exhibiting an inhibitory effect can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention 1. Including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube dispersant, and solvent, A composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the carbon nanotube has an average diameter of 5 to 23 nm, 2. 1. The composition for forming a conductive thin film having an average diameter of 5 to 22.5 nm, 3. 1 or 2 composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the standard deviation of the average diameter is 4 nm or less, 4). 3. The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to 3, wherein the standard deviation of the average diameter is 3.5 nm or less, 5. The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of 1 to 4 having a solid content concentration of 20% by mass or less; 6). 5.
  • composition for forming an electroconductive thin film wherein the solid content concentration is 15% by mass or less, 7. 6.
  • the composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the solid content concentration is 10% by mass or less, 8).
  • undercoat layers for energy storage devices wherein the weight per unit area is 300 mg / m 2 or less, 17. 16 undercoat layers for energy storage devices, wherein the basis weight is 200 mg / m 2 or less, 18.
  • a composite current collector for an electrode of an energy storage device comprising the undercoat layer of any one of 13 to 17, 19.
  • An electrode for an energy storage device comprising a composite current collector for an electrode of 18 energy storage devices; 20.
  • Energy storage device comprising 19 energy storage device electrodes, 21. Twenty energy storage devices that are lithium ion batteries are provided.
  • the composition for forming an electroconductive thin film of the present invention is suitable as a composition for forming an undercoat layer that joins a current collector constituting an electrode of an energy storage device and an active material, etc.
  • a composition for forming an undercoat layer on the current collector By using and forming an undercoat layer on the current collector, the resistance of the energy storage device can be reduced, and an increase in resistance can be suppressed.
  • 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of VGCF-X (manufactured by Showa Denko KK), which is a multilayer CNT.
  • It is a transmission electron microscope image of C-100 (manufactured by Arkema Co.), which is a multilayer CNT.
  • Baytubes made by BAYER which is multilayer CNT.
  • the composition for forming a conductive thin film according to the present invention includes CNT, a CNT dispersant, and a solvent, and the average diameter of the CNT is 5 to 23 nm.
  • the diameter of the CNT is based on an image taken at a magnification of 50,000 to 100,000 by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), for example, H-8000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. It can be determined by direct measurement.
  • the average diameter of CNT is obtained by photographing a plurality of randomly selected CNTs by TEM observation, measuring the diameter at a plurality of locations randomly selected for each photographed CNT, It is an average value obtained from the value. For example, four randomly selected CNTs are photographed, the diameter is measured at five randomly selected points for each photographed CNT, and an average value may be obtained from the measured values obtained at a total of 20 points. .
  • the average diameter of the CNT is 5 to 23 nm, preferably 5 to 22.5 nm, from the viewpoint of reducing the resistance of the device and exhibiting the resistance increase suppressing effect.
  • the standard deviation of the average diameter is preferably 4 nm or less, more preferably 3.8 nm or less, and still more preferably 3.5 nm or less.
  • the CNT is not particularly limited as long as the average diameter satisfies the above range.
  • CNTs are generally produced by arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation, etc., but the CNTs used in the present invention may be obtained by any method.
  • a single-layer CNT hereinafter also abbreviated as SWCNT
  • SWCNT single-layer CNT
  • DWCNT single carbon film
  • MWCNT multi-layer CNT
  • each of SWCNT, DWCNT, and MWCNT is used alone or a plurality Can be used in combination.
  • catalyst metal such as nickel, iron, cobalt, yttrium may remain, and thus purification for removing this impurity is required.
  • ultrasonic treatment is effective together with acid treatment with nitric acid, sulfuric acid and the like.
  • acid treatment with nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like destroys the ⁇ -conjugated system constituting CNT and may impair the original characteristics of CNT. Therefore, it is desirable to purify and use under appropriate conditions.
  • the CNT it is preferable to use a CNT that is easy to disperse in the dispersion liquid in order to exert an effect of lowering the battery resistance when the dispersion liquid is used as an undercoat layer.
  • Such CNTs preferably have many crystal discontinuities that can be easily cut with small energy.
  • the CNT used in the composition of the present invention preferably has a constricted portion.
  • the CNT having a constricted portion is a CNT wall having a constricted portion having a tube outer diameter of 90% or less of the parallel portion and the tube outer diameter of the parallel portion. Since this constricted part is a part created by changing the growth direction of CNTs, it has a discontinuous crystal part and becomes an easily breakable part that can be easily cut with a small mechanical energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a CNT having a parallel portion 1 and a constricted portion 3.
  • the parallel part 1 is a part where the wall can be recognized as two parallel straight lines or two parallel curves.
  • the distance between the outer walls of the parallel line in the normal direction is the tube outer diameter 2 of the parallel part 1.
  • the constricted portion 3 is a portion where both ends thereof are connected to the parallel portion 1 and the distance between the walls is closer than that of the parallel portion 1, more specifically, the tube outer diameter 2 of the parallel portion 1 is increased.
  • it is a portion having a tube outer diameter 4 of 90% or less.
  • the tube outer diameter 4 of the constricted portion 3 is the distance between the outer walls of the constricted portion 3 where the wall constituting the outer wall is closest. As shown in FIG. 1, many of the constricted portions 3 have portions where crystals are discontinuous.
  • the shape of the CNT wall and the outer diameter of the tube can be observed with a transmission electron microscope or the like. Specifically, it is possible to prepare a 0.5% dispersion of CNT, dry the dispersion on a sample stage, and confirm the constricted portion by an image taken at 50,000 times with a transmission electron microscope. it can.
  • the CNT For the CNT, a 0.1% dispersion of CNT was prepared, the dispersion was placed on a sample stage and dried, and an image taken at 20,000 times with a transmission electron microscope was divided into 100 nm square sections, and 100 nm When 300 sections with CNT occupying 10% to 80% in all four sections are selected, the total number of easily breakable portions depends on the ratio of the section with at least one constricted portion in one section to 300 sections. The ratio (the ratio of the presence of easily breakable parts) is determined. When the area occupied by CNTs in the compartment is less than 10%, measurement is difficult because the amount of CNTs is too small.
  • the existence ratio of easily breakable portions is 60% or more.
  • the proportion of easily breakable portions is less than 60%, CNT is difficult to disperse, and when excessive mechanical energy is applied to disperse, it leads to the destruction of the crystal structure of the graphite surface, which is a characteristic of CNT. Characteristics such as electrical conductivity are reduced.
  • the presence ratio of easily breakable portions is preferably 70% or more.
  • CNTs usable in the present invention include TC-2010, TC-2020, TC-, which are CNTs having a constricted structure disclosed in International Publication Nos. 2016/076393 and JP-A-2017-206413.
  • TC series such as 3210L and TC-1210LN (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.), spar-growth CNT (manufactured by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization), eDIPS-CNT (new energy and industry, national research and development corporation) SWNT series (made by Meijo Nanocarbon Co., Ltd .: trade name), VGCF series (made by Showa Denko KK: trade name), FloTube series (made by CNano Technology Co., Ltd .: trade name), AMC ( Ube Industries, Ltd.
  • the dispersant can be appropriately selected from those conventionally used as a dispersant for conductive carbon materials such as CNTs.
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • acrylic resin emulsion water-soluble Acrylic polymer
  • styrene emulsion silicone emulsion
  • acrylic silicone emulsion fluororesin emulsion
  • EVA emulsion vinyl acetate emulsion
  • vinyl chloride emulsion urethane resin emulsion
  • triarylamine hyperbranched polymer described in International Publication No. 2014/04280
  • polymers having an oxazoline group in the side chain described in International Publication No. 2015/029949 polymers having an oxazoline group in the side chain described in International Publication No. 2015/029949.
  • the side chain described in International Publication No. 2015/029949 is included in the side chain.
  • Dispersing agents and comprising a polymer having a Kisazorin group it is preferable to use a dispersant comprising a triarylamine hyperbranched polymer of WO 2014/04280 Patent forth.
  • a polymer having an oxazoline group in the side chain (hereinafter referred to as oxazoline polymer) is obtained by radical polymerization of an oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position as shown in Formula (1).
  • oxazoline polymer is obtained by radical polymerization of an oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position as shown in Formula (1).
  • Preferred is a vinyl polymer having a repeating unit bonded to the polymer main chain or spacer group at the 2-position of the oxazoline ring and having an oxazoline group in the side chain.
  • X represents a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group
  • R 1 to R 4 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • An aryl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms is represented.
  • the polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group of the oxazoline monomer is not particularly limited as long as it contains a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, but a chain containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
  • a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as vinyl group, allyl group and isopropenyl group is preferable.
  • examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
  • the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group. Tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
  • Specific examples of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenyl group, xylyl group, tolyl group, biphenylyl group, naphthyl group and the like.
  • Specific examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms include benzyl group, phenylethyl group, phenylcyclohexyl group and the like.
  • oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position represented by the formula (1) include 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-butyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2- Vinyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-butyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4- Methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2- Sopropenyl-4-butyl
  • the oxazoline polymer is also preferably water-soluble.
  • a water-soluble oxazoline polymer may be a homopolymer of the oxazoline monomer represented by the above formula (1), but has a oxazoline monomer and a hydrophilic functional group in order to further enhance the solubility in water (meta ) It is preferable to be obtained by radical polymerization of at least two monomers with an acrylate monomer.
  • (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group examples include (meth) acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, monoesterified product of acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol, acrylic acid 2-aminoethyl and its salt, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, monoesterified product of methacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate and its salt, sodium (meth) acrylate, ( Ammonium methacrylate, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) (meth) acrylamide, sodium styrenesulfonate, etc. The like, which may be used singly or may be used in combination of two or more. Among these, (meth) acrylic acid methoxypolyethylene glycol and mono
  • (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomers such as perfluoroethyl acid and phenyl (meth) acrylate; ⁇ -olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene and pentene; haloolefins such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinyl fluoride Monomers: Styrene monomers such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; Vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; Vinyl ether monomers such as methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether, and the like. Even two or more You may use it in combination.
  • the content of the oxazoline monomer is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more from the viewpoint of further increasing the CNT dispersibility of the obtained oxazoline polymer. Preferably, 30% by mass or more is even more preferable.
  • the upper limit of the content rate of the oxazoline monomer in a monomer component is 100 mass%, and the homopolymer of an oxazoline monomer is obtained in this case.
  • the content of the (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group in the monomer component is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more from the viewpoint of further increasing the water solubility of the obtained oxazoline polymer. 30% by mass or more is even more preferable.
  • the content of other monomers in the monomer component is a range that does not affect the CNT dispersibility of the obtained oxazoline polymer, and since it varies depending on the type, it cannot be determined unconditionally. What is necessary is just to set suitably in the range of 5-95 mass%, Preferably it is 10-90 mass%.
  • the average molecular weight of the oxazoline polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000.
  • the weight average molecular weight is a polystyrene conversion value determined by gel permeation chromatography.
  • the oxazoline polymer that can be used in the present invention can be synthesized by a conventional radical polymerization of the above-mentioned monomers, but can also be obtained as a commercial product, and as such a commercial product, for example, Epocross WS-300 (Manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 10% by mass, aqueous solution), Epocross WS-700 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 25% by mass, aqueous solution), Epocross WS-500 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, solid content concentration 39% by mass, water / 1-methoxy-2-propanol solution), Poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (Aldrich), Poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (AlfaAesar), Poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazole) (
  • a triarylamine-based hyperbranched polymer obtained by condensation polymerization of triarylamines and aldehydes and / or ketones represented by the following formulas (2) and (3) under acidic conditions is also suitable. Used.
  • Ar 1 to Ar 3 each independently represents any divalent organic group represented by formulas (4) to (8).
  • the substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group represented by (4) is preferred.
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or the formula (9) (1) represents any monovalent organic group represented by (12) (provided that Z 1 and Z 2 do not simultaneously become the above alkyl group), but Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently A hydrogen atom, a 2- or 3-thienyl group, or a group represented by the formula (9) is preferable, and in particular, one of Z 1 and Z 2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is a hydrogen atom, 2- or More preferred is a 3-thienyl group, a group represented by the formula (9), particularly those in which R 141 is a phenyl group, or R 141 is a methoxy group.
  • R 141 is a phenyl group
  • an acidic group may be introduced onto the phenyl group when a method for introducing an acidic group after polymer production is used in the acidic group introduction method described later.
  • alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include those similar to those exemplified above.
  • R 101 to R 138 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of 1 Represents an alkoxy group which may have a branched structure of 1 to 5, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group or a salt thereof;
  • examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
  • examples of the alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n -Pentyl group and the like.
  • alkoxy group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, Examples thereof include an n-pentoxy group.
  • salts of carboxyl group, sulfo group, phosphoric acid group and phosphonic acid group include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium; group 2 metal salts such as magnesium and calcium; ammonium salts; propylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, etc. Aliphatic amine salts; alicyclic amine salts such as imidazoline, piperazine and morpholine; aromatic amine salts such as aniline and diphenylamine; and pyridinium salts.
  • R 139 to R 162 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of 1 Haloalkyl group, phenyl group, OR 163 , COR 163 , NR 163 R 164 , COOR 165 , which may have a branched structure of ⁇ 5 (in these formulas, R 163 and R 164 are each independently hydrogen Represents an atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and R 165 represents the number of carbon atoms Represents an alkyl group which may have a branched structure of 1 to 5, a haloalkyl group which may have a branched structure of 1 to 5 carbon
  • the haloalkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms includes difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, bromodifluoromethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 1,1 -Difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, 3 -Bromopropyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Examples include -2-yl group, 3-bromo-2-methylpropyl group, 4-bromobutyl group, perfluoropentyl group and the like. Examples of the halogen
  • the hyperbranched polymer has a carboxyl group, in at least one aromatic ring of the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) or (3), Those having at least one acidic group selected from a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and salts thereof are preferable, and those having a sulfo group or a salt thereof are more preferable.
  • aldehyde compound used for the production of the hyperbranched polymer examples include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, capronaldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, hexylaldehyde, undecylaldehyde, 7 -Saturated aliphatic aldehydes such as methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctylaldehyde, cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde, 3-methyl-2-butyraldehyde, glyoxal, malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, adipine aldehyde; acrolein, methacrolein Unsaturated aldehydes such as: furfural, pyridine aldehy
  • Examples of the ketone compound used in the production of the hyperbranched polymer include alkyl aryl ketones and diaryl ketones, such as acetophenone, propiophenone, diphenyl ketone, phenyl naphthyl ketone, dinaphthyl ketone, phenyl tolyl ketone, and ditolyl ketone. Etc.
  • the hyperbranched polymer used in the present invention includes, for example, a triarylamine compound that can give the above-described triarylamine skeleton as represented by the following formula (A), and the following formula, for example: It can be obtained by condensation polymerization of an aldehyde compound and / or a ketone compound as shown in (B) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • a bifunctional compound (C) such as phthalaldehyde such as terephthalaldehyde is used as the aldehyde compound, not only the reaction shown in Scheme 1 but also the reaction shown in Scheme 2 below occurs.
  • a hyperbranched polymer having a crosslinked structure in which two functional groups contribute to the condensation reaction may be obtained.
  • an aldehyde compound and / or a ketone compound can be used at a ratio of 0.1 to 10 equivalents with respect to 1 equivalent of the aryl group of the triarylamine compound.
  • the acid catalyst include mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid; organic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; carboxylic acids such as formic acid and oxalic acid. Etc. can be used.
  • the amount of the acid catalyst to be used is variously selected depending on the kind thereof, but is usually 0.001 to 10,000 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 to 1,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the triarylamines. Part, more preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight.
  • the above condensation reaction can be carried out without a solvent, it is usually carried out using a solvent.
  • Any solvent that does not inhibit the reaction can be used.
  • cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide ( DMAc), amides such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; benzene, Examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, and cyclic ethers are particularly preferable.
  • These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the acid catalyst used is a liquid such as formic acid, the acid catalyst can also serve as a solvent.
  • the reaction temperature during the condensation is usually 40 to 200 ° C.
  • the reaction time is variously selected depending on the reaction temperature, but is usually about 30 minutes to 50 hours.
  • the obtained hyperbranched polymer may be introduced by a method of treating with a reagent capable of introducing an acidic group on the aromatic ring, but the latter method may be used in consideration of the ease of production. preferable.
  • the method for introducing the acidic group onto the aromatic ring is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from conventionally known various methods according to the type of the acidic group. For example, when a sulfo group is introduced, a technique of sulfonation using an excessive amount of sulfuric acid can be used.
  • the average molecular weight of the hyperbranched polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000.
  • Specific examples of the hyperbranched polymer include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formula.
  • the mixing ratio of the CNT and the dispersant can be about 1,000: 1 to 1: 100 by mass ratio.
  • the concentration of the dispersant in the composition is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration capable of dispersing CNTs in a solvent, but is preferably about 0.001 to 30% by mass in the composition, More preferably, it is about 0.002 to 20% by mass.
  • the concentration of CNT in the composition varies in the weight per unit area of the target undercoat layer and the required mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics, and at least a part of the CNT, etc. Is as long as the undercoat layer can be produced in a range of practical weight per unit area, but is preferably about 0.0001 to 30% by mass, preferably about 0.001 to 20% by mass in the composition. More preferred is about 0.001 to 10% by mass.
  • the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used for the preparation of a conductive composition.
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME); Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane; N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), etc.
  • Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone
  • Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol; n-heptane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, etc.
  • Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as ethylene, xylene and ethylbenzene
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylene, xylene and ethylbenzene
  • glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether
  • organic solvents such as glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol .
  • These solvent can be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
  • water, NMP, DMF, THF, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol are preferable because the ratio of isolated dispersion of CNT can be improved.
  • methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol are preferable from the point that cost can be reduced.
  • these solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more for the purpose of increasing the ratio of isolated dispersion, increasing the coatability, and reducing the cost.
  • a polymer serving as a matrix may be added.
  • the matrix polymer include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)], Fluorine resins such as vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer [P (VDF-CTFE)]; polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), Polyolefin resins such as EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), EEA (ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer); PS (polystyrene), HIPS (high impact polystyrene), AS (acrylonitrile-st
  • PVdF polyvin
  • Examples thereof include sodium boxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose ether, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene glycol and the like, and particularly, sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose are preferable.
  • the matrix polymer can also be obtained as a commercial product.
  • a commercial product examples include sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization 2,700 to 7,500), carboxy Sodium methylcellulose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), sodium alginate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., deer grade 1), Metrol's SH series (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), Metrolose SE series (hydroxyl) Ethyl methyl cellulose, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), JC-25 (completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol, manufactured by Nippon Vineyard Poval Co., Ltd.), JM-17 (intermediate saponified polyvinyl alcohol, Nippon Vinegared / Poval) Manufactured by Co., Ltd.), JP-03 (partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, Nippon Vinegar Po
  • the composition of the present invention may contain a crosslinking agent that causes a crosslinking reaction with the dispersant to be used or a crosslinking agent that self-crosslinks. These crosslinking agents are preferably dissolved in the solvent used.
  • the crosslinking agent for the oxazoline polymer is particularly limited as long as it is a compound having two or more functional groups having reactivity with an oxazoline group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amino group, a sulfinic acid group, and an epoxy group. Although not intended, compounds having two or more carboxyl groups are preferred.
  • a compound having a functional group that causes a crosslinking reaction by heating during thin film formation or in the presence of an acid catalyst such as a sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, or ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid is also crosslinked. It can be used as an agent.
  • an acid catalyst such as a sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, or ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid
  • Specific examples of compounds that undergo a crosslinking reaction with an oxazoline group include metal salts of synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid and copolymers thereof and natural polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose and alginic acid that exhibit crosslinking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • ammonium salts of the above synthetic polymers and natural polymers that exhibit crosslinking reactivity by heating especially sodium polyacrylate that exhibits crosslinking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst or under heating conditions, Preference is given to lithium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, lithium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose ammonium and the like.
  • Such a compound that causes a crosslinking reaction with an oxazoline group can also be obtained as a commercial product.
  • a commercial product examples include sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization of 2, 700-7,500), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), sodium alginate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., deer grade 1), Aron A-30 (ammonium polyacrylate, Toagosei Co., Ltd.) ), Solid concentration 32% by mass, aqueous solution), DN-800H (carboxymethylcellulose ammonium, manufactured by Daicel Finechem Co., Ltd.), ammonium alginate (produced by Kimika Co., Ltd.), and the like.
  • crosslinking agent for the triarylamine-based hyperbranched polymer examples include melamine-based, substituted urea-based, or their polymer-based crosslinking agents. These crosslinking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can be used.
  • the cross-linking agent has at least two cross-linking substituents, such as CYMEL (registered trademark), methoxymethylated glycoluril, butoxymethylated glycoluril, methylolated glycoluril, methoxymethylated melamine, butoxymethyl.
  • Melamine methylolated melamine, methoxymethylated benzoguanamine, butoxymethylated benzoguanamine, methylolated benzoguanamine, methoxymethylated urea, butoxymethylated urea, methylolated urea, methoxymethylated thiourea, methoxymethylated thiourea, methylolated thio
  • Examples include compounds such as urea, and condensates of these compounds.
  • crosslinking agent examples include, for example, an aldehyde group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, an isocyanate group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, and an amino group.
  • crosslinkable functional groups that react with each other in the same molecule, such as isocyanate groups and aldehyde groups, hydroxyl groups that react with the same crosslinkable functional groups (dehydration condensation), mercapto groups (disulfide bonds), Examples thereof include compounds having an ester group (Claisen condensation), a silanol group (dehydration condensation), a vinyl group, an acrylic group, and the like.
  • Specific examples of the crosslinking agent that self-crosslinks include polyfunctional acrylate, tetraalkoxysilane, a monomer having a blocked isocyanate group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid, and an amino group that exhibit crosslinking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • the block copolymer of the monomer which has is mentioned.
  • Such a self-crosslinking crosslinking agent can also be obtained as a commercial product.
  • a commercial product examples include A-9300 (ethoxylated isocyanuric acid triacrylate, Shin-Nakamura Chemical ( ), A-GLY-9E (Ethoxylatedinglycerine triacrylate (EO9 mol), Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), A-TMMT (pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), tetraalkoxysilane In the case of tetramethoxysilane (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), tetraethoxysilane (manufactured by Toyoko Chemical Co., Ltd.), and polymers having a blocked isocyanate group, Elastron series E-37, H-3, H38, BAP, NEW BAP-15, C-52, F-2 9, W-11P, MF-9, MF-25K (D
  • the amount of these crosslinking agents to be added varies depending on the solvent used, the substrate used, the required viscosity, the required film shape, etc., but is 0.001 to 80% by mass, preferably 0.8%, based on the dispersant. The amount is from 01 to 50% by mass, more preferably from 0.05 to 40% by mass.
  • These cross-linking agents may cause a cross-linking reaction by self-condensation, but they cause a cross-linking reaction with the dispersant. If a cross-linkable substituent is present in the dispersant, the cross-linking reaction is caused by those cross-linkable substituents. Promoted.
  • a catalyst for accelerating the crosslinking reaction p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, naphthalenecarboxylic acid And / or a thermal acid generator such as 2,4,4,6-tetrabromocyclohexadienone, benzoin tosylate, 2-nitrobenzyl tosylate, and organic sulfonic acid alkyl ester can be added.
  • the addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.0001 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 10% by mass, and still more preferably 0.001 to 3% by mass with respect to the CNT dispersant.
  • the method for preparing the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a dispersion is prepared by mixing CNT, a dispersant and a solvent, and a matrix polymer, a crosslinking agent, and the like used as necessary in an arbitrary order. do it. At this time, it is preferable to disperse the mixture, and this treatment can further improve the CNT dispersion ratio.
  • the dispersion treatment include mechanical treatment, wet treatment using a ball mill, bead mill, jet mill, and the like, and ultrasonic treatment using a bath-type or probe-type sonicator. In particular, wet treatment using a jet mill. Or sonication is preferred.
  • the time for the dispersion treatment is arbitrary, but is preferably about 1 minute to 10 hours, and more preferably about 5 minutes to 5 hours. At this time, heat treatment may be performed as necessary.
  • heat treatment may be performed as necessary.
  • the solid content concentration of the composition is not particularly limited, but considering the formation of the undercoat layer with a desired basis weight and film thickness, it is preferably 20% by mass or less, and 15% by mass. The following is more preferable, and 10 mass% or less is still more preferable. Moreover, the minimum is arbitrary, but 0.1 mass% or more is preferable from a practical viewpoint, 0.5 mass% or more is more preferable, and 1 mass% or more is still more preferable.
  • solid content is the total amount of components other than the solvent which comprises a composition.
  • An undercoat foil (composite current collector) can be produced by applying the composition described above to at least one surface of a current collector and naturally or heat-drying it to form an undercoat layer.
  • the thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 to 500 nm in consideration of reducing the internal resistance of the resulting device.
  • the film thickness of the undercoat layer is, for example, by cutting out a test piece of an appropriate size from the undercoat foil, exposing the cross section by a technique such as tearing it by hand, and by microscopic observation such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM), It can obtain
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • Basis weight of the undercoat layer per one surface of the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above thickness is preferably 1,000 mg / m 2 or less, more preferably 500 mg / m 2, 300 mg / M 2 or less is even more preferable, and 200 mg / m 2 or less is more preferable.
  • the basis weight of the undercoat layer per side of the current collector is preferably 1 mg / m 2 or more, more preferably 5 mg / m 2. m 2 or more, more preferably 10 mg / m 2 or more, and further preferably 15 mg / m 2 or more.
  • the basis weight of the undercoat layer is the ratio of the mass (mg) of the undercoat layer to the area (m 2 ) of the undercoat layer.
  • the area is an undercoat layer.
  • the area is only the coat layer, and does not include the area of the current collector exposed between the undercoat layers formed in a pattern.
  • the mass of the undercoat layer is obtained by, for example, cutting a test piece of an appropriate size from the undercoat foil, measuring its mass W0, and then peeling off the undercoat layer from the undercoat foil and peeling off the undercoat layer.
  • the mass W1 is measured and calculated from the difference (W0-W1), or the mass W2 of the current collector is measured in advance, and then the mass W3 of the undercoat foil on which the undercoat layer is formed is measured.
  • the difference (W3 ⁇ W2) can be calculated.
  • Examples of the method for removing the undercoat layer include a method of immersing the undercoat layer in a solvent in which the undercoat layer dissolves or swells, and wiping the undercoat layer with a cloth or the like.
  • the basis weight and the film thickness can be adjusted by a known method.
  • the solid content concentration of the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer (undercoat layer forming composition), the number of times of coating, the coating liquid inlet of the coating machine It can be adjusted by changing the clearance.
  • the solid content concentration is increased, the number of coatings is increased, and the clearance is increased.
  • the solid content concentration is lowered, the number of coatings is reduced, or the clearance is reduced.
  • the current collector those conventionally used as current collectors for electrodes for energy storage devices can be used.
  • copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, gold, silver and alloys thereof, carbon materials, metal oxides, conductive polymers, etc. can be used, but welding such as ultrasonic welding is applied.
  • a metal foil made of copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or an alloy thereof it is preferable to use a metal foil made of copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or an alloy thereof.
  • the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m in the present invention.
  • Examples of the method for applying the composition include spin coating, dip coating, flow coating, ink jet, casting, spray coating, bar coating, gravure coating, slit coating, roll coating, and flexographic printing.
  • Method, transfer printing method, brush coating, blade coating method, air knife coating method, die coating method, etc., but from the point of work efficiency etc., inkjet method, casting method, dip coating method, bar coating method, blade coating method A roll coating method, a gravure coating method, a flexographic printing method, a spray coating method, and a die coating method are suitable.
  • the temperature for drying by heating is also arbitrary, but is preferably about 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C.
  • the electrode for energy storage devices of the present invention can be produced by forming an electrode mixture layer on the undercoat layer.
  • the energy storage device in the present invention include various energy storage devices such as an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a proton polymer battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, an aluminum solid capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, and a lead storage battery.
  • the undercoat foil of the present invention can be suitably used for electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion secondary batteries.
  • an active material the various active materials conventionally used for the electrode for energy storage devices can be used.
  • a chalcogen compound capable of adsorbing / leaving lithium ions or a lithium ion-containing chalcogen compound, a polyanion compound, a simple substance of sulfur and a compound thereof may be used as a positive electrode active material. It can.
  • the chalcogen compound that can adsorb and desorb lithium ions include FeS 2 , TiS 2 , MoS 2 , V 2 O 6 , V 6 O 13 , and MnO 2 .
  • lithium ion-containing chalcogen compound examples include LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMo 2 O 4 , LiV 3 O 8 , LiNiO 2 , Li x Ni y M 1-y O 2 (where M is It represents at least one metal element selected from Co, Mn, Ti, Cr, V, Al, Sn, Pb, and Zn, and 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.10, 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0 ) And the like.
  • the polyanionic compound examples include LiFePO 4 .
  • sulfur compound examples include Li 2 S and rubeanic acid.
  • the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode at least one element selected from alkali metals, alkali metal alloys, elements of Groups 4 to 15 of the periodic table that occlude / release lithium ions, oxides, sulfides, A nitride or a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions can be used.
  • alkali metal include Li, Na, and K.
  • alkali metal alloy include Li—Al, Li—Mg, Li—Al—Ni, Na—Hg, and Na—Zn.
  • Examples of the simple substance of at least one element selected from Group 4 to 15 elements of the periodic table that store and release lithium ions include silicon, tin, aluminum, zinc, and arsenic.
  • examples of the oxide include tin silicon oxide (SnSiO 3 ), lithium bismuth oxide (Li 3 BiO 4 ), lithium zinc oxide (Li 2 ZnO 2 ), lithium titanium oxide (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), and oxidation.
  • examples include titanium.
  • examples of the sulfide include lithium iron sulfide (Li x FeS 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3)) and lithium copper sulfide (Li x CuS (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3)).
  • the carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions include graphite, carbon black, coke, glassy carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and a sintered body thereof.
  • a carbonaceous material can be used as an active material.
  • the carbonaceous material include activated carbon and the like, for example, activated carbon obtained by carbonizing a phenol resin and then activating treatment.
  • the electrode mixture layer is formed by applying an active material described above, an electrode slurry prepared by combining the binder polymer described below and a solvent as necessary, onto the undercoat layer, and then naturally or by heating and drying. can do.
  • the binder polymer can be appropriately selected from known materials and used, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride- Hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)], vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer [P (VDF-CTFE)], polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, ethylene-propylene-diene ternary copolymer Examples thereof include conductive polymers such as coalescence, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polyaniline.
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PVDF-HFP vinylidene fluoride- Hexafluor
  • the added amount of the binder polymer is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, particularly 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material.
  • the solvent include the solvents exemplified in the above solvent for the composition, and may be appropriately selected according to the type of the binder, but NMP is preferable in the case of a water-insoluble binder such as PVdF. In the case of a water-soluble binder such as PAA, water is preferable.
  • the electrode slurry may contain a conductive material.
  • the conductive material include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon whisker, carbon fiber, natural graphite, artificial graphite, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, aluminum, nickel and the like.
  • Examples of the method for applying the electrode slurry include the same method as the method for applying the composition described above.
  • the temperature for drying by heating is arbitrary, but is preferably about 50 to 400 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C.
  • the electrode may be pressed as necessary.
  • the press pressure is preferably 1 kN / cm or more.
  • the pressing method a generally adopted method can be used, but a die pressing method and a roll pressing method are particularly preferable.
  • the pressing pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 kN / cm or more, and more preferably 3 kN / cm or more.
  • the upper limit of the pressing pressure is preferably about 40 kN / cm, more preferably about 30 kN / cm.
  • An energy storage device includes the above-described electrode for an energy storage device, and more specifically includes at least a pair of positive and negative electrodes, a separator interposed between these electrodes, and an electrolyte. And at least one of the positive and negative electrodes is composed of the energy storage device electrode described above. Since this energy storage device is characterized by the use of the above-described electrode for energy storage device as an electrode, other device constituent members such as separators and electrolytes may be appropriately selected from known materials and used. it can. Examples of the separator include a cellulose separator and a polyolefin separator.
  • the electrolyte may be either liquid or solid, and may be either aqueous or non-aqueous.
  • the electrode for an energy storage device of the present invention is practically sufficient even when applied to a device using a non-aqueous electrolyte. Performance can be demonstrated.
  • non-aqueous electrolyte examples include a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous organic solvent.
  • electrolyte salts include lithium salts such as lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetrapropylammonium hexa Quaternary ammonium salts such as fluorophosphate, methyltriethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, lithium imides such as lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (fluo
  • non-aqueous organic solvent examples include alkylene carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; nitriles such as acetonitrile; and amides such as dimethylformamide. .
  • the form of the energy storage device is not particularly limited, and conventionally known various types of cells such as a cylindrical type, a flat wound square type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat wound laminated type, and a laminated laminate type are adopted. can do.
  • the above-described electrode for an energy storage device of the present invention may be used by punching it into a predetermined disk shape.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery one electrode is placed on a lid to which a washer and a spacer of a coin cell are welded, and a separator of the same shape impregnated with an electrolytic solution is stacked thereon.
  • the energy storage device electrode of the present invention can be overlaid with the composite material layer facing down, a case and a gasket can be placed thereon, and sealed with a coin cell caulking machine.
  • the electrode mixture layer is welded to the metal tab at the portion where the electrode mixture layer is not formed (welded part) in the electrode formed on part or the entire surface of the undercoat layer.
  • the obtained electrode structure may be used.
  • the basis weight of the undercoat layer per surface of the current collector is preferably 0.1 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 0.09 g / m 2 or less, even more preferably less than 0.05 g / m 2.
  • one or a plurality of electrodes constituting the electrode structure may be used, but generally a plurality of positive and negative electrodes are used.
  • the plurality of electrodes for forming the positive electrode are preferably alternately stacked one by one with the plurality of electrodes for forming the negative electrode, and the separator described above is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It is preferable. Even if the metal tab is welded at the welded portion of the outermost electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the metal tab is welded with the metal tab sandwiched between the welded portions of any two adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes. Also good.
  • the material of the metal tab is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for energy storage devices.
  • metal such as nickel, aluminum, titanium, copper; stainless steel, nickel alloy, aluminum alloy
  • An alloy such as a titanium alloy or a copper alloy can be used, but in view of welding efficiency, an alloy including at least one metal selected from aluminum, copper and nickel is preferable.
  • the shape of the metal tab is preferably a foil shape, and the thickness is preferably about 0.05 to 1 mm.
  • a known method used for metal-to-metal welding can be used. Specific examples thereof include TIG welding, spot welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, and the like. It is preferable to join the metal tab.
  • a technique of ultrasonic welding for example, a plurality of electrodes are arranged between an anvil and a horn, a metal tab is arranged in a welded portion, and ultrasonic welding is applied to collect a plurality of electrodes. The technique of welding first and then welding a metal tab is mentioned.
  • the metal tab and the electrode are not only welded at the welded portion, but a plurality of electrodes are also ultrasonically welded to each other.
  • the pressure, frequency, output, processing time, and the like during welding are not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate in consideration of the material used, the presence or absence of the undercoat layer, the basis weight, and the like.
  • the electrode structure produced as described above is housed in a laminate pack, and after injecting the above-described electrolyte, heat sealing is performed to obtain a laminate cell.
  • undercoat solution [Example 1-1] 4. Epocros WS-300 (made by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid concentration 10% by weight, weight average molecular weight 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 , oxazoline group amount 7.7 mmol / g) which is an aqueous solution containing an oxazoline polymer as a dispersant. 0 g, 37.15 g of pure water and 7.35 g of 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent grade), and CNT-TC-2010 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., multilayer) CNT) 0.5 g was mixed.
  • Epocros WS-300 made by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid concentration 10% by weight, weight average molecular weight 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 , oxazoline group amount 7.7 mmol / g
  • 2-propanol manufactured by Junsei
  • the obtained mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes using a probe type ultrasonic irradiation device to prepare a dispersion in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
  • Aron A-30 Toagosei Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 31.6% by mass
  • PAA-NH 4 ammonium polyacrylate
  • PAA-NH 4 ammonium polyacrylate
  • 2-propanol manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent special grade
  • Example 1-2 An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to VGCF-X (manufactured by Showa Denko KK, multilayer CNT).
  • Example 1-3 An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that CNT was changed to C-100 (manufactured by Arkema Co., Ltd., multilayer CNT).
  • Example 1-4 An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to AMC (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., multilayer CNT).
  • Example 1-1 An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to Baytubes (multilayer CNT manufactured by BAYER).
  • Example 1-2 An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to EC600JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation, Ketjen Black).
  • Example 1-3 An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to Denka Black (manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd., carbon black).
  • the average diameter of each CNT used above was measured by the following procedure. 0.5 g of CNT, 42.08 g of pure water, and 7.43 g of 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent special grade) were mixed. The obtained mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes using a probe type ultrasonic irradiation device, and the CNT powder was pulverized in a solvent to form fine particles. Although the obtained mixture was heterogeneous, it was dropped on a grid with a carbon support film and dried at room temperature for 10 minutes. This was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, and four CNTs were randomly photographed at a magnification of 70,000.
  • TEM transmission electron microscope
  • the diameter of the CNT was directly measured based on the photographed image.
  • the diameter was measured at 5 points at random for each CNT, and an average value and a standard deviation were obtained from the measured values at 20 points in total. The results are shown in Table 1. Also, images obtained by photographing CNTs are shown in FIGS.
  • Example 2-1 Production of electrode and secondary battery
  • the undercoat liquid of Example 1-1 was uniformly spread on an aluminum foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m) as a current collector with a wire bar coater (OSP-13, wet film thickness 13 ⁇ m), and then dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
  • An undercoat layer was formed to prepare an undercoat foil. 20 sheets of undercoat foil cut into 5 ⁇ 10 cm were prepared. After measuring the mass, the undercoat layer was scraped off with a paper soaked with a 1: 1 (mass ratio) mixture of 2-propanol and water. The mass of the metal foil was measured, and the basis weight of the undercoat layer calculated from the difference in mass before and after scraping was 150 mg / m 2 .
  • LiF lithium iron phosphate
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the obtained electrode slurry was spread uniformly on the previously prepared undercoat foil (wet film thickness 100 ⁇ m), then dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, then at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the electrode mixture layer on the undercoat layer Then, the electrode was produced by pressure bonding with a roll press.
  • Example 2 was used except that the undercoat liquids obtained in Examples 1-2 to 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 were used. In the same manner as in Example 1, an undercoat foil and a secondary battery were produced.
  • Example 2-4 A test secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that a solid aluminum foil was used as the current collector.
  • the resistance in the composition for forming a conductive thin film can be reduced.
  • the average diameter is too small, more CNT dispersant is required due to an increase in the specific surface area of the CNT, and as a result, the ratio of CNT in the composition for forming a conductive thin film is reduced, resulting in high resistance. Will be.
  • distribute in a solvent when an average diameter is too large it will be considered that it becomes difficult to prepare the composition for stable electroconductive thin film formation.

Abstract

Provided is a composition which is for forming a conductive thin film and includes carbon nanotubes, a carbon nanotube dispersant, and a solvent, the composition being characterized in that the average diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 5-23 nm.

Description

導電性薄膜形成用組成物Composition for forming conductive thin film
　本発明は、導電性薄膜形成用組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a composition for forming a conductive thin film.
　スマートフォンやデジタルカメラ、携帯ゲーム機などの携帯電子機器の小型軽量化や高機能化の要求に伴い、近年、高性能電池の開発が積極的に進められており、充電により繰り返し使用できる二次電池の需要が大きく伸びている。
　中でも、リチウムイオン二次電池は、高エネルギー密度、高電圧を有し、また充放電時におけるメモリー効果が無いことなどから、現在最も精力的に開発が進められている二次電池である。
　また、近年の環境問題への取り組みから、電気自動車の開発も活発に進められており、その動力源としての二次電池には、より高い性能が求められるようになってきている。 In recent years, development of high-performance batteries has been actively promoted in response to demands for reducing the size and weight of mobile electronic devices such as smartphones, digital cameras, and portable game machines, and secondary batteries that can be used repeatedly by charging. Demand is growing significantly.
Among them, a lithium ion secondary battery is a secondary battery that has been developed most vigorously at present because it has a high energy density and a high voltage and has no memory effect during charging and discharging.
In addition, the development of electric vehicles has been actively promoted due to recent efforts to deal with environmental problems, and higher performance has been demanded for secondary batteries as a power source.
　ところで、リチウムイオン二次電池は、リチウムを吸蔵、放出できる正極と負極と、これらの間に介在するセパレータを容器内に収容し、その中に電解液（リチウムイオンポリマー二次電池の場合は液状電解液の代わりにゲル状または全固体型の電解質）を満たした構造を有する。
　正極および負極は、一般的に、リチウムを吸蔵、放出できる活物質と、主に炭素材料からなる導電材、さらにポリマーバインダーを含む組成物を、銅箔やアルミニウム箔などの集電体上に塗布することで製造される。このバインダーは、活物質と導電材、さらにこれらと金属箔を接着するために用いられ、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶｄＦ）などのＮ－メチルピロリドン（ＮＭＰ）に可溶なフッ素系樹脂や、オレフィン系重合体の水分散体などが市販されている。 By the way, a lithium ion secondary battery contains a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and a separator interposed therebetween in a container, and an electrolyte solution (liquid in the case of a lithium ion polymer secondary battery) therein. It has a structure filled with a gel-like or all solid electrolyte instead of the electrolyte.
For the positive and negative electrodes, an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, a conductive material mainly composed of a carbon material, and a composition containing a polymer binder are generally applied on a current collector such as a copper foil or an aluminum foil. It is manufactured by doing. This binder is used to bond an active material and a conductive material, and further to the metal foil, and is a fluorine-based resin soluble in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or an olefin-based heavy polymer. Combined aqueous dispersions are commercially available.
　しかし、上述したバインダーの集電体に対する接着力は十分とは言えず、電極の裁断工程や巻回工程等の製造工程時に、活物質や導電材の一部が集電体から剥離、脱落し、微小短絡や電池容量のばらつきを生じる原因となる。
　さらに、長期間の使用により、電解液によるバインダーの膨潤や、活物質のリチウム吸蔵、放出による体積変化に伴う電極合材の体積変化により、電極合材と集電体間の接触抵抗が増大したり、活物質や導電材の一部が集電体から剥離、脱落したりすることによる電池容量の劣化が起こるという問題や、さらには安全性の点で問題もある。 However, the adhesive strength of the binder to the current collector is not sufficient, and a part of the active material or conductive material is peeled off from the current collector during the manufacturing process such as the electrode cutting process or the winding process. , Causing a short circuit and variation in battery capacity.
Furthermore, the contact resistance between the electrode mixture and the current collector increases due to the volume change of the electrode mixture due to the swelling of the binder due to the electrolytic solution and the volume change due to the lithium occlusion and release of the active material after long-term use. In addition, there is a problem that battery capacity is deteriorated due to part of the active material or conductive material peeling off from the current collector or dropping off, and further, there is a problem in terms of safety.
　上記課題を解決する試みとして、集電体と電極合材層の間の密着性を高め、接触抵抗を低下させることで電池を低抵抗化する技術として、集電体と電極合材層との間に導電性のアンダーコート層を介在させる手法が開発されている。
　例えば、特許文献１では、炭素を導電性フィラーとする導電層をアンダーコート層として、集電体と電極合材層との間に配設する技術が開示されており、アンダーコート層を備えた複合集電体を用いることで、集電体と電極合材層の間の接触抵抗を低減でき、かつ、高速放電時の容量減少も抑制でき、さらに電池の劣化をも抑制できることが示され、また、特許文献２や特許文献３でも同様の技術が開示されている。
　さらに、特許文献４や特許文献５では、カーボンナノチューブ（以下、ＣＮＴとも略記する）を導電性フィラーとしたアンダーコート層が開示されている。 As an attempt to solve the above problems, as a technique for increasing the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode mixture layer and reducing the resistance by reducing the contact resistance, the current collector and the electrode mixture layer A method of interposing a conductive undercoat layer between them has been developed.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a conductive layer containing carbon as a conductive filler is used as an undercoat layer and disposed between a current collector and an electrode mixture layer, and the undercoat layer is provided. By using the composite current collector, it is possible to reduce the contact resistance between the current collector and the electrode mixture layer, and also to suppress the decrease in capacity at the time of high-speed discharge, and to further suppress the deterioration of the battery, Also, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose similar techniques.
Further, Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 disclose an undercoat layer using carbon nanotubes (hereinafter also abbreviated as CNT) as a conductive filler.
　ところで、アンダーコートには、電池の低抵抗化だけでなく、抵抗の上昇を抑制する機能も期待されているが、使用する導電性炭素材料によっては、電池の抵抗を増大させ、抵抗上昇を加速させてしまう場合がある。
　この点、どのような導電性炭素材料を用いた場合に、電池を低抵抗化することができ、かつ、抵抗の上昇を抑制できるかについての知見は明らかではない。 By the way, the undercoat is expected not only to lower the resistance of the battery but also to suppress the increase in resistance, but depending on the conductive carbon material used, the resistance of the battery is increased and the resistance increase is accelerated. There is a case to let you.
In this regard, it is not clear what conductive carbon material is used to reduce the resistance of the battery and suppress the increase in resistance.
特開平９－０９７６２５号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-097625 特開２０００－０１１９９１号公報JP 2000-011991 特開平１１－１４９９１６号公報JP-A-11-149916 国際公開第２０１４／０４２０８０号International Publication No. 2014/042080 国際公開第２０１５／０２９９４９号International Publication No. 2015/029949
　本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、低抵抗化効果および抵抗上昇抑制効果を発揮するアンダーコート層を与え得る導電性薄膜形成用組成物を提供することを目的とする。 This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and it aims at providing the composition for electroconductive thin film formation which can give the undercoat layer which exhibits a low resistance effect and a resistance raise inhibitory effect. .
　本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、導電性薄膜形成用組成物において、特定範囲の平均直径を有するカーボンナノチューブを用いることで、低抵抗化効果および抵抗上昇抑制効果を発揮するアンダーコート層を与え得る組成物が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have used a carbon nanotube having an average diameter in a specific range in the composition for forming a conductive thin film, thereby reducing the resistance and increasing the resistance. The inventors have found that a composition capable of providing an undercoat layer exhibiting an inhibitory effect can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
　すなわち、本発明は、
１．　カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノチューブ分散剤、および溶媒を含み、
　上記カーボンナノチューブの平均直径が５～２３ｎｍであることを特徴とする導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
２．　上記平均直径が、５～２２．５ｎｍである１の導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
３．　上記平均直径の標準偏差が、４ｎｍ以下である１または２の導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
４．　上記平均直径の標準偏差が、３．５ｎｍ以下である３の導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
５．　固形分濃度が、２０質量％以下である１～４のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
６．　上記固形分濃度が、１５質量％以下である５の導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
７．　上記固形分濃度が、１０質量％以下である６の導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
８．　上記溶媒が、水を含む１～７のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
９．　上記溶媒が、アルコールを含む１～８のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
１０．　上記溶媒が、水とアルコールとの混合溶媒である１～９のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
１１．　上記分散剤が、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマーまたはトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーを含む１～１０のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
１２．　エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのアンダーコート層用である１～１１のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物、
１３．　１～１１のいずれかの導電性薄膜形成用組成物から得られるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層、
１４．　目付量が、１，０００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である１３のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層、
１５．　上記目付量が、５００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である１４のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層、
１６．　上記目付量が、３００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である１５のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層、
１７．　上記目付量が、２００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である１６のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層、
１８．　１３～１７のいずれかのアンダーコート層を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体、
１９．　１８のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極、
２０．　１９のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス、
２１．　リチウムイオン電池である２０のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス
を提供する。 That is, the present invention
1. Including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube dispersant, and solvent,
A composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the carbon nanotube has an average diameter of 5 to 23 nm,
2. 1. The composition for forming a conductive thin film having an average diameter of 5 to 22.5 nm,
3. 1 or 2 composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the standard deviation of the average diameter is 4 nm or less,
4). 3. The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to 3, wherein the standard deviation of the average diameter is 3.5 nm or less,
5. The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of 1 to 4 having a solid content concentration of 20% by mass or less;
6). 5. The composition for forming an electroconductive thin film, wherein the solid content concentration is 15% by mass or less,
7. 6. The composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the solid content concentration is 10% by mass or less,
8). The conductive thin film forming composition according to any one of 1 to 7, wherein the solvent contains water,
9. The conductive thin film forming composition according to any one of 1 to 8, wherein the solvent contains alcohol,
10. The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of 1 to 9, wherein the solvent is a mixed solvent of water and alcohol;
11. The conductive thin film forming composition according to any one of 1 to 10, wherein the dispersant comprises a polymer having an oxazoline group in the side chain or a triarylamine-based hyperbranched polymer;
12 A composition for forming an electrically conductive thin film according to any one of 1 to 11, which is used for an undercoat layer of an energy storage device;
13. An undercoat layer for an energy storage device obtained from the composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of 1 to 11;
14 13 undercoat layers for energy storage devices having a basis weight of 1,000 mg / m 2 or less,
15. 14 undercoat layers for energy storage devices, wherein the basis weight is 500 mg / m 2 or less,
16. 15 undercoat layers for energy storage devices, wherein the weight per unit area is 300 mg / m 2 or less,
17. 16 undercoat layers for energy storage devices, wherein the basis weight is 200 mg / m 2 or less,
18. A composite current collector for an electrode of an energy storage device, comprising the undercoat layer of any one of 13 to 17,
19. An electrode for an energy storage device comprising a composite current collector for an electrode of 18 energy storage devices;
20. Energy storage device comprising 19 energy storage device electrodes,
21. Twenty energy storage devices that are lithium ion batteries are provided.
　本発明の導電性薄膜形成用組成物は、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極を構成する集電体と活物質等とを接合するアンダーコート層を形成するための組成物として好適であり、当該組成物を用いて上記集電体上にアンダーコート層を形成することにより、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの低抵抗化を図ることができるとともに、抵抗の上昇を抑制することができる。 The composition for forming an electroconductive thin film of the present invention is suitable as a composition for forming an undercoat layer that joins a current collector constituting an electrode of an energy storage device and an active material, etc. By using and forming an undercoat layer on the current collector, the resistance of the energy storage device can be reduced, and an increase in resistance can be suppressed.
本発明で用いられるくびれ部を有するカーボンナノチューブの模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section of the carbon nanotube which has a constriction part used by this invention. 多層ＣＮＴであるＴＣ－２０１０（戸田工業（株）製）の透過型電子顕微鏡画像である。It is a transmission electron microscope image of TC-2010 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which is a multilayer CNT. 多層ＣＮＴであるＶＧＣＦ－Ｘ（昭和電工（株）製）の透過型電子顕微鏡画像である。2 is a transmission electron microscope image of VGCF-X (manufactured by Showa Denko KK), which is a multilayer CNT. 多層ＣＮＴであるＣ－１００（アルケマ社製）の透過型電子顕微鏡画像である。It is a transmission electron microscope image of C-100 (manufactured by Arkema Co.), which is a multilayer CNT. 多層ＣＮＴであるＡＭＣ（宇部興産（株）製）の透過型電子顕微鏡画像である。It is a transmission electron microscope image of AMC (Ube Industries, Ltd.) which is multilayer CNT. 多層ＣＮＴであるＢａｙｔｕｂｅｓ（ＢＡＹＥＲ社製）の透過型電子顕微鏡画像である。It is a transmission electron microscope image of Baytubes (made by BAYER) which is multilayer CNT.
　以下、本発明についてさらに詳しく説明する。
　本発明に係る導電性薄膜形成用組成物は、ＣＮＴ、ＣＮＴ分散剤、および溶媒を含み、上記ＣＮＴの平均直径が５～２３ｎｍであることを特徴とする。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to the present invention includes CNT, a CNT dispersant, and a solvent, and the average diameter of the CNT is 5 to 23 nm.
　本発明において、ＣＮＴの直径は、透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）、例えば、日立製作所（株）製　Ｈ－８０００等による観察によって、倍率５０，０００～１００，０００倍にて撮影した画像を元に直接測定することにより求めることができる。
　また、ＣＮＴの平均直径とは、ＴＥＭ観察により、無作為に選択した複数本のＣＮＴを撮影し、撮影したＣＮＴ１本ごとに無作為に選択した複数箇所について直径の測定を行い、得られた測定値から求められる平均値である。例えば、無作為に選択した４本のＣＮＴについて撮影し、撮影したＣＮＴ１本ごとに無作為に選択した５点で直径を測定し、計２０点で得られた測定値から平均値を求めればよい。 In the present invention, the diameter of the CNT is based on an image taken at a magnification of 50,000 to 100,000 by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), for example, H-8000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. It can be determined by direct measurement.
In addition, the average diameter of CNT is obtained by photographing a plurality of randomly selected CNTs by TEM observation, measuring the diameter at a plurality of locations randomly selected for each photographed CNT, It is an average value obtained from the value. For example, four randomly selected CNTs are photographed, the diameter is measured at five randomly selected points for each photographed CNT, and an average value may be obtained from the measured values obtained at a total of 20 points. .
　本発明において、ＣＮＴの平均直径は、デバイスの低抵抗化および抵抗上昇抑制効果を発揮させるという観点から、５～２３ｎｍであるが、好ましくは５～２２．５ｎｍである。
　また、上記平均直径の標準偏差は、好ましくは４ｎｍ以下、より好ましくは３．８ｎｍ以下、より一層好ましくは３．５ｎｍ以下である。 In the present invention, the average diameter of the CNT is 5 to 23 nm, preferably 5 to 22.5 nm, from the viewpoint of reducing the resistance of the device and exhibiting the resistance increase suppressing effect.
The standard deviation of the average diameter is preferably 4 nm or less, more preferably 3.8 nm or less, and still more preferably 3.5 nm or less.
　本発明において、ＣＮＴは、平均直径が上記範囲を満たす限り特に限定されるものではない。
　ＣＮＴは、一般的に、アーク放電法、化学気相成長法（ＣＶＤ法）、レーザー・アブレーション法等によって作製されるが、本発明に使用されるＣＮＴはいずれの方法で得られたものでもよい。また、ＣＮＴには１枚の炭素膜（グラフェン・シート）が円筒状に巻かれた単層ＣＮＴ（以下、ＳＷＣＮＴとも略記する）と、２枚のグラフェン・シートが同心円状に巻かれた２層ＣＮＴ（以下、ＤＷＣＮＴとも略記する）と、複数のグラフェン・シートが同心円状に巻かれた多層ＣＮＴ（ＭＷＣＮＴ）とがあるが、本発明においては、ＳＷＣＮＴ、ＤＷＣＮＴ、ＭＷＣＮＴをそれぞれ単体で、または複数を組み合わせて使用できる。
　なお、上記の方法でＳＷＣＮＴ、ＤＷＣＮＴまたはＭＷＣＮＴを作製する際には、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト、イットリウムなどの触媒金属も残存することがあるため、この不純物を除去するための精製を必要とする場合がある。不純物の除去には、硝酸、硫酸などによる酸処理とともに超音波処理が有効である。しかし、硝酸、硫酸などによる酸処理ではＣＮＴを構成するπ共役系が破壊され、ＣＮＴ本来の特性が損なわれてしまう可能性があるため、適切な条件で精製して使用することが望ましい。 In the present invention, the CNT is not particularly limited as long as the average diameter satisfies the above range.
CNTs are generally produced by arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation, etc., but the CNTs used in the present invention may be obtained by any method. . In addition, a single-layer CNT (hereinafter also abbreviated as SWCNT) in which a single carbon film (graphene sheet) is wound in a cylindrical shape and two layers in which two graphene sheets are wound in a concentric shape. There are CNT (hereinafter also abbreviated as DWCNT) and multi-layer CNT (MWCNT) in which a plurality of graphene sheets are concentrically wound. In the present invention, each of SWCNT, DWCNT, and MWCNT is used alone or a plurality Can be used in combination.
When SWCNT, DWCNT or MWCNT is produced by the above method, catalyst metal such as nickel, iron, cobalt, yttrium may remain, and thus purification for removing this impurity is required. There is. In order to remove impurities, ultrasonic treatment is effective together with acid treatment with nitric acid, sulfuric acid and the like. However, acid treatment with nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like destroys the π-conjugated system constituting CNT and may impair the original characteristics of CNT. Therefore, it is desirable to purify and use under appropriate conditions.
　上記ＣＮＴとしては、その分散液を塗膜にしてアンダーコート層とした際に電池抵抗を下げる効果を発揮するために、分散液中で分散し易いものを用いることが好ましい。そのようなＣＮＴとしては、小さいエネルギーで容易に切断可能な結晶不連続部を多く有していることが好ましい。
　このような観点から、本発明の組成物に用いられるＣＮＴは、くびれ部を有するものが好ましい。くびれ部を有するＣＮＴとは、ＣＮＴのウォールに、平行部と平行部のチューブ外径に対して９０％以下のチューブ外径であるくびれ部とを有するものである。
　このくびれ部は、ＣＮＴの成長方向が変更されることで作り出される部位であるため、結晶不連続部を有しており、小さな機械的エネルギーで容易に切断できる易破断箇所となる。 As the CNT, it is preferable to use a CNT that is easy to disperse in the dispersion liquid in order to exert an effect of lowering the battery resistance when the dispersion liquid is used as an undercoat layer. Such CNTs preferably have many crystal discontinuities that can be easily cut with small energy.
From such a viewpoint, the CNT used in the composition of the present invention preferably has a constricted portion. The CNT having a constricted portion is a CNT wall having a constricted portion having a tube outer diameter of 90% or less of the parallel portion and the tube outer diameter of the parallel portion.
Since this constricted part is a part created by changing the growth direction of CNTs, it has a discontinuous crystal part and becomes an easily breakable part that can be easily cut with a small mechanical energy.
　図１に平行部１とくびれ部３とを有するＣＮＴの模式断面図を示す。
　平行部１は、図１に示されるように、ウォールが２本の平行な直線または２本の平行な曲線と認識できる部分である。この平行部１において、平行線の法線方向のウォールの外壁間の距離が平行部１のチューブ外径２である。
　一方、くびれ部３は、その両端が平行部１と連接し、平行部１に比べてウォール間の距離が近づいている部分であり、より具体的には、平行部１のチューブ外径２に対して９０％以下のチューブ外径４を持つ部分である。なお、くびれ部３のチューブ外径４は、くびれ部３において、外壁を構成するウォールが最も近い箇所の外壁間距離である。図１に示されるように、くびれ部３の多くには結晶が不連続である箇所が存在する。
　上記ＣＮＴのウォールの形状とチューブ外径は、透過型電子顕微鏡等で観察することができる。具体的には、ＣＮＴの０．５％分散液を作製し、その分散液を試料台にのせて乾燥させ、透過型電子顕微鏡で５万倍にて撮影した画像によりくびれ部を確認することができる。
　上記ＣＮＴは、ＣＮＴの０．１％分散液を作製し、その分散液を試料台にのせて乾燥させ、透過型電子顕微鏡で２万倍にて撮影した画像を１００ｎｍ四方の区画に区切り、１００ｎｍ四方の区画にＣＮＴの占める割合が１０～８０％である区画を３００区画選択した際に、１区画中にくびれ部分が少なくとも１箇所存在する区画が３００区画中に占める割合によって易破断箇所の全体に占める割合(易破断箇所の存在割合)を判断する。区画中のＣＮＴの占める面積が１０％未満の場合には、ＣＮＴの存在量が少なすぎるため測定が困難である。また、区画のＣＮＴの占める面積が８０％を超える場合には、区画に占めるＣＮＴが多くなるためＣＮＴが重なり合ってしまい、平行部分とくびれ部分を区別するのが困難であり正確な測定が困難となる。
　本発明で用いるＣＮＴにおいては、易破断箇所の存在割合が６０％以上である。易破断箇所の存在割合が６０％よりも少ない場合は、ＣＮＴが分散しにくく、分散させるために過度の機械的エネルギーを加えた時には、グラファイト綱面の結晶構造破壊につながり、ＣＮＴの特徴である電気導電性などの特性が低下する。より高い分散性を得るためには、易破断箇所の存在割合は、７０％以上であることが好ましい。 FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a CNT having a parallel portion 1 and a constricted portion 3.
As shown in FIG. 1, the parallel part 1 is a part where the wall can be recognized as two parallel straight lines or two parallel curves. In this parallel part 1, the distance between the outer walls of the parallel line in the normal direction is the tube outer diameter 2 of the parallel part 1.
On the other hand, the constricted portion 3 is a portion where both ends thereof are connected to the parallel portion 1 and the distance between the walls is closer than that of the parallel portion 1, more specifically, the tube outer diameter 2 of the parallel portion 1 is increased. On the other hand, it is a portion having a tube outer diameter 4 of 90% or less. The tube outer diameter 4 of the constricted portion 3 is the distance between the outer walls of the constricted portion 3 where the wall constituting the outer wall is closest. As shown in FIG. 1, many of the constricted portions 3 have portions where crystals are discontinuous.
The shape of the CNT wall and the outer diameter of the tube can be observed with a transmission electron microscope or the like. Specifically, it is possible to prepare a 0.5% dispersion of CNT, dry the dispersion on a sample stage, and confirm the constricted portion by an image taken at 50,000 times with a transmission electron microscope. it can.
For the CNT, a 0.1% dispersion of CNT was prepared, the dispersion was placed on a sample stage and dried, and an image taken at 20,000 times with a transmission electron microscope was divided into 100 nm square sections, and 100 nm When 300 sections with CNT occupying 10% to 80% in all four sections are selected, the total number of easily breakable portions depends on the ratio of the section with at least one constricted portion in one section to 300 sections. The ratio (the ratio of the presence of easily breakable parts) is determined. When the area occupied by CNTs in the compartment is less than 10%, measurement is difficult because the amount of CNTs is too small. In addition, when the area occupied by the CNTs in the section exceeds 80%, the CNTs occupy in the sections increase so that the CNTs overlap, making it difficult to distinguish between the parallel part and the constricted part, and accurate measurement is difficult. Become.
In the CNT used in the present invention, the existence ratio of easily breakable portions is 60% or more. When the proportion of easily breakable portions is less than 60%, CNT is difficult to disperse, and when excessive mechanical energy is applied to disperse, it leads to the destruction of the crystal structure of the graphite surface, which is a characteristic of CNT. Characteristics such as electrical conductivity are reduced. In order to obtain higher dispersibility, the presence ratio of easily breakable portions is preferably 70% or more.
　本発明で使用可能なＣＮＴの具体例としては、国際公開第２０１６／０７６３９３号や特開２０１７－２０６４１３号公報に開示されたくびれ構造を有するＣＮＴである、ＴＣ－２０１０、ＴＣ－２０２０、ＴＣ－３２１０Ｌ、ＴＣ－１２１０ＬＮ等のＴＣシリーズ（戸田工業（株）製）、スパーグロース法ＣＮＴ（国立研究開発法人　新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構製）、ｅＤＩＰＳ－ＣＮＴ（国立研究開発法人　新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構製）、ＳＷＮＴシリーズ（（株）名城ナノカーボン製：商品名）、ＶＧＣＦシリーズ（昭和電工（株）製：商品名）、FloTubeシリーズ（CNano Technology社製：商品名）、ＡＭＣ（宇部興産（株）製：商品名）、NANOCYL NC7000シリーズ（Nanocyl S.A.社製：商品名）、Baytubes（Bayer社製：商品名）、GRAPHISTRENGTH（アルケマ社製：商品名）、ＭＷＮＴ７（保土谷化学工業（株）製：商品名）、ハイペリオンＣＮＴ（Hypeprion Catalysis International社製：商品名）等が挙げられ、これらの中から本発明の要件を満たすものを選択すればよい。 Specific examples of CNTs usable in the present invention include TC-2010, TC-2020, TC-, which are CNTs having a constricted structure disclosed in International Publication Nos. 2016/076393 and JP-A-2017-206413. TC series such as 3210L and TC-1210LN (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.), spar-growth CNT (manufactured by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization), eDIPS-CNT (new energy and industry, national research and development corporation) SWNT series (made by Meijo Nanocarbon Co., Ltd .: trade name), VGCF series (made by Showa Denko KK: trade name), FloTube series (made by CNano Technology Co., Ltd .: trade name), AMC ( Ube Industries, Ltd. (product name), NANOCYL NC7000 series (Nanocyl SA, product name), Baytubes (Bayer, product: product) ), GRAPHISTRENGTH (trade name, manufactured by Arkema), MWNT7 (trade name, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), Hyperion CNT (trade name, manufactured by Hypeprion® Catalysis® International), and the like. It is sufficient to select one that satisfies the above requirements.
　分散剤としては、従来、ＣＮＴ等の導電性炭素材料の分散剤として用いられているものから適宜選択することができ、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）、ポリビニルピロリドン（ＰＶＰ）、アクリル樹脂エマルジョン、水溶性アクリル系ポリマー、スチレンエマルジョン、シリコーンエマルジョン、アクリルシリコーンエマルジョン、フッ素樹脂エマルジョン、ＥＶＡエマルジョン、酢酸ビニルエマルジョン、塩化ビニルエマルジョン、ウレタン樹脂エマルジョン、国際公開第２０１４／０４２８０号記載のトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマー、国際公開第２０１５／０２９９４９号記載の側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマー等が挙げられるが、本発明においては、国際公開第２０１５／０２９９４９号記載の側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマーを含む分散剤や、国際公開第２０１４／０４２８０号記載のトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーを含む分散剤を用いることが好ましい。 The dispersant can be appropriately selected from those conventionally used as a dispersant for conductive carbon materials such as CNTs. For example, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), acrylic resin emulsion, water-soluble Acrylic polymer, styrene emulsion, silicone emulsion, acrylic silicone emulsion, fluororesin emulsion, EVA emulsion, vinyl acetate emulsion, vinyl chloride emulsion, urethane resin emulsion, triarylamine hyperbranched polymer described in International Publication No. 2014/04280 And polymers having an oxazoline group in the side chain described in International Publication No. 2015/029949. In the present invention, the side chain described in International Publication No. 2015/029949 is included in the side chain. Dispersing agents and comprising a polymer having a Kisazorin group, it is preferable to use a dispersant comprising a triarylamine hyperbranched polymer of WO 2014/04280 Patent forth.
　側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマー（以下、オキサゾリンポリマーという）としては、式（１）に示されるような２位に重合性炭素－炭素二重結合含有基を有するオキサゾリンモノマーをラジカル重合して得られる、オキサゾリン環の２位でポリマー主鎖またはスペーサー基に結合した繰り返し単位を有する、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するビニル系ポリマーが好ましい。 A polymer having an oxazoline group in the side chain (hereinafter referred to as oxazoline polymer) is obtained by radical polymerization of an oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position as shown in Formula (1). Preferred is a vinyl polymer having a repeating unit bonded to the polymer main chain or spacer group at the 2-position of the oxazoline ring and having an oxazoline group in the side chain.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
　上記Ｘは、重合性炭素－炭素二重結合含有基を表し、Ｒ1～Ｒ4は、互いに独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数１～５のアルキル基、炭素数６～２０のアリール基、または炭素数７～２０のアラルキル基を表す。
　オキサゾリンモノマーが有する重合性炭素－炭素二重結合含有基としては、重合性炭素－炭素二重結合を含んでいれば特に限定されるものではないが、重合性炭素－炭素二重結合を含む鎖状炭化水素基が好ましく、例えば、ビニル基、アリル基、イソプロペニル基などの炭素数２～８のアルケニル基等が好ましい。
　ここで、ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
　炭素数１～５のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれでもよく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、ｎ－プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ｎ－ブチル基、ｓｅｃ－ブチル基、ｔｅｒｔ－ブチル基、ｎ－ペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
　炭素数６～２０のアリール基の具体例としては、フェニル基、キシリル基、トリル基、ビフェニリル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
　炭素数７～２０のアラルキル基の具体例としては、ベンジル基、フェニルエチル基、フェニルシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。 X represents a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group, and R 1 to R 4 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a 6 to 20 carbon atoms. An aryl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms is represented.
The polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group of the oxazoline monomer is not particularly limited as long as it contains a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, but a chain containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond. And a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as vinyl group, allyl group and isopropenyl group is preferable.
Here, examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
The alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group. Tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
Specific examples of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenyl group, xylyl group, tolyl group, biphenylyl group, naphthyl group and the like.
Specific examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms include benzyl group, phenylethyl group, phenylcyclohexyl group and the like.
　式（１）で示される２位に重合性炭素－炭素二重結合含有基を有するオキサゾリンモノマーの具体例としては、２－ビニル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－４－メチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－４－エチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－４－プロピル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－４－ブチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－５－メチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－５－エチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－５－プロピル－２－オキサゾリン、２－ビニル－５－ブチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－４－メチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－４－エチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－４－プロピル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－４－ブチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－５－メチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－５－エチル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－５－プロピル－２－オキサゾリン、２－イソプロペニル－５－ブチル－２－オキサゾリン等が挙げられるが、入手容易性などの点から、２－イソプロペニル－２－オキサゾリンが好ましい。 Specific examples of the oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position represented by the formula (1) include 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-butyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2- Vinyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-butyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4- Methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2- Sopropenyl-4-butyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-5-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2 -Isopropenyl-5-butyl-2-oxazoline and the like can be mentioned, but 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline is preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
　また、水系溶媒を用いて組成物を調製することを考慮すると、オキサゾリンポリマーも水溶性であることが好ましい。
　このような水溶性のオキサゾリンポリマーは、上記式（１）で表されるオキサゾリンモノマーのホモポリマーでもよいが、水への溶解性をより高めるため、上記オキサゾリンモノマーと親水性官能基を有する（メタ）アクリル酸エステル系モノマーとの少なくとも２種のモノマーをラジカル重合させて得られたものであることが好ましい。 In consideration of preparing the composition using an aqueous solvent, the oxazoline polymer is also preferably water-soluble.
Such a water-soluble oxazoline polymer may be a homopolymer of the oxazoline monomer represented by the above formula (1), but has a oxazoline monomer and a hydrophilic functional group in order to further enhance the solubility in water (meta ) It is preferable to be obtained by radical polymerization of at least two monomers with an acrylate monomer.
　親水性官能基を有する（メタ）アクリル系モノマーの具体例としては、（メタ）アクリル酸、アクリル酸２－ヒドロキシエチル、アクリル酸メトキシポリエチレングリコール、アクリル酸とポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステル化物、アクリル酸２－アミノエチルおよびその塩、メタクリル酸２－ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸メトキシポリエチレングリコール、メタクリル酸とポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステル化物、メタクリル酸２－アミノエチルおよびその塩、（メタ）アクリル酸ナトリウム、（メタ）アクリル酸アンモニウム、（メタ）アクリルニトリル、（メタ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ－メチロール（メタ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ－（２－ヒドロキシエチル）（メタ）アクリルアミド、スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられ、これらは、単独で用いても、２種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの中でも、（メタ）アクリル酸メトキシポリエチレングリコール、（メタ）アクリル酸とポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステル化物が好適である。 Specific examples of the (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group include (meth) acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, monoesterified product of acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol, acrylic acid 2-aminoethyl and its salt, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, monoesterified product of methacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate and its salt, sodium (meth) acrylate, ( Ammonium methacrylate, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) (meth) acrylamide, sodium styrenesulfonate, etc. The like, which may be used singly or may be used in combination of two or more. Among these, (meth) acrylic acid methoxypolyethylene glycol and monoesterified products of (meth) acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol are preferable.
　また、オキサゾリンポリマーのＣＮＴ分散能に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲で、上記オキサゾリンモノマーおよび親水性官能基を有する（メタ）アクリル系モノマー以外のその他のモノマーを併用することができる。
　その他のモノマーの具体例としては、（メタ）アクリル酸メチル、（メタ）アクリル酸エチル、（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル、（メタ）アクリル酸２－エチルヘキシル、（メタ）アクリル酸ステアリル、（メタ）アクリル酸パーフルオロエチル、（メタ）アクリル酸フェニル等の（メタ）アクリル酸エステルモノマー；エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、ペンテン等のα－オレフィン系モノマー；塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニル等のハロオレフィン系モノマー；スチレン、α－メチルスチレン等のスチレン系モノマー；酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のカルボン酸ビニルエステル系モノマー；メチルビニルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル等のビニルエーテル系モノマー等が挙げられ、これらはそれぞれ単独で用いても、２種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Moreover, in the range which does not have a bad influence on the CNT dispersibility of an oxazoline polymer, other monomers other than the said oxazoline monomer and the (meth) acrylic-type monomer which has a hydrophilic functional group can be used together.
Specific examples of other monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic. (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomers such as perfluoroethyl acid and phenyl (meth) acrylate; α-olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene and pentene; haloolefins such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinyl fluoride Monomers: Styrene monomers such as styrene and α-methylstyrene; Vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; Vinyl ether monomers such as methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether, and the like. Even two or more You may use it in combination.
　本発明で用いるオキサゾリンポリマーの製造に用いられるモノマー成分において、オキサゾリンモノマーの含有率は、得られるオキサゾリンポリマーのＣＮＴ分散能をより高めるという点から、１０質量％以上が好ましく、２０質量％以上がより好ましく、３０質量％以上がより一層好ましい。なお、モノマー成分におけるオキサゾリンモノマーの含有率の上限値は１００質量％であり、この場合は、オキサゾリンモノマーのホモポリマーが得られる。
　一方、得られるオキサゾリンポリマーの水溶性をより高めるという点から、モノマー成分における親水性官能基を有する（メタ）アクリル系モノマーの含有率は、１０質量％以上が好ましく、２０質量％以上がより好ましく、３０質量％以上がより一層好ましい。
　また、モノマー成分におけるその他の単量体の含有率は、上述のとおり、得られるオキサゾリンポリマーのＣＮＴ分散能に影響を与えない範囲であり、また、その種類によって異なるため一概には決定できないが、５～９５質量％、好ましくは１０～９０質量％の範囲で適宜設定すればよい。 In the monomer component used in the production of the oxazoline polymer used in the present invention, the content of the oxazoline monomer is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more from the viewpoint of further increasing the CNT dispersibility of the obtained oxazoline polymer. Preferably, 30% by mass or more is even more preferable. In addition, the upper limit of the content rate of the oxazoline monomer in a monomer component is 100 mass%, and the homopolymer of an oxazoline monomer is obtained in this case.
On the other hand, the content of the (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group in the monomer component is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more from the viewpoint of further increasing the water solubility of the obtained oxazoline polymer. 30% by mass or more is even more preferable.
In addition, as described above, the content of other monomers in the monomer component is a range that does not affect the CNT dispersibility of the obtained oxazoline polymer, and since it varies depending on the type, it cannot be determined unconditionally. What is necessary is just to set suitably in the range of 5-95 mass%, Preferably it is 10-90 mass%.
　オキサゾリンポリマーの平均分子量は特に限定されるものではないが、重量平均分子量が１，０００～２，０００，０００が好ましく、２，０００～１，０００，０００がより好ましい。なお、重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーによるポリスチレン換算値である。 The average molecular weight of the oxazoline polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000. The weight average molecular weight is a polystyrene conversion value determined by gel permeation chromatography.
　本発明で使用可能なオキサゾリンポリマーは、上記モノマーを従来公知のラジカル重合にて合成することができるが、市販品として入手することもでき、そのような市販品としては、例えば、エポクロスＷＳ－３００（（株）日本触媒製、固形分濃度１０質量％、水溶液）、エポクロスＷＳ－７００（（株）日本触媒製、固形分濃度２５質量％、水溶液）、エポクロスＷＳ－５００（（株）日本触媒製、固形分濃度３９質量％、水／１－メトキシ－２－プロパノール溶液）、Ｐｏｌｙ（２－ｅｔｈｙｌ－２－ｏｘａｚｏｌｉｎｅ）（Ａｌｄｒｉｃｈ）、Ｐｏｌｙ（２－ｅｔｈｙｌ－２－ｏｘａｚｏｌｉｎｅ）（ＡｌｆａＡｅｓａｒ）、Ｐｏｌｙ（２－ｅｔｈｙｌ－２－ｏｘａｚｏｌｉｎｅ）（ＶＷＲ　Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ，ＬＬＣ）等が挙げられる。
　なお、溶液として市販されている場合、そのまま使用しても、目的とする溶媒に置換してから使用してもよい。 The oxazoline polymer that can be used in the present invention can be synthesized by a conventional radical polymerization of the above-mentioned monomers, but can also be obtained as a commercial product, and as such a commercial product, for example, Epocross WS-300 (Manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 10% by mass, aqueous solution), Epocross WS-700 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 25% by mass, aqueous solution), Epocross WS-500 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, solid content concentration 39% by mass, water / 1-methoxy-2-propanol solution), Poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (Aldrich), Poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (AlfaAesar), Poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazole) (VWR International, LLC) etc. Is mentioned.
In addition, when it is marketed as a solution, it may be used as it is, or it may be used after substituting with the target solvent.
　また、下記式（２）および（３）で示される、トリアリールアミン類とアルデヒド類および／またはケトン類とを酸性条件下で縮合重合することで得られるトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーも好適に用いられる。 A triarylamine-based hyperbranched polymer obtained by condensation polymerization of triarylamines and aldehydes and / or ketones represented by the following formulas (2) and (3) under acidic conditions is also suitable. Used.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000002
　上記式（２）および（３）において、Ａｒ1～Ａｒ3は、それぞれ独立して、式（４）～（８）で表されるいずれかの二価の有機基を表すが、特に、式（４）で示される置換または非置換のフェニレン基が好ましい。 In the above formulas (2) and (3), Ar 1 to Ar 3 each independently represents any divalent organic group represented by formulas (4) to (8). The substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group represented by (4) is preferred.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000003
　また、式（２）および（３）において、Ｚ1およびＺ2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基、または式（９）～（１２）で表されるいずれかの一価の有機基を表す（ただし、Ｚ1およびＺ2が同時に上記アルキル基となることはない。）が、Ｚ1およびＺ2としては、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、２－または３－チエニル基、式（９）で示される基が好ましく、特に、Ｚ1およびＺ2のいずれか一方が水素原子で、他方が、水素原子、２－または３－チエニル基、式（９）で示される基、特にＲ141がフェニル基のもの、またはＲ141がメトキシ基のものがより好ましい。
　なお、Ｒ141がフェニル基の場合、後述する酸性基導入法において、ポリマー製造後に酸性基を導入する手法を用いた場合、このフェニル基上に酸性基が導入される場合もある。
　上記炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基としては、上記で例示したものと同様のものが挙げられる。 In the formulas (2) and (3), Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or the formula (9) (1) represents any monovalent organic group represented by (12) (provided that Z 1 and Z 2 do not simultaneously become the above alkyl group), but Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently A hydrogen atom, a 2- or 3-thienyl group, or a group represented by the formula (9) is preferable, and in particular, one of Z 1 and Z 2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is a hydrogen atom, 2- or More preferred is a 3-thienyl group, a group represented by the formula (9), particularly those in which R 141 is a phenyl group, or R 141 is a methoxy group.
When R 141 is a phenyl group, an acidic group may be introduced onto the phenyl group when a method for introducing an acidic group after polymer production is used in the acidic group introduction method described later.
Examples of the alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include those similar to those exemplified above.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000004
　上記式（３）～（８）において、Ｒ101～Ｒ138は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルコキシ基、またはカルボキシル基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基もしくはそれらの塩を表す。 In the above formulas (3) to (8), R 101 to R 138 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of 1 Represents an alkoxy group which may have a branched structure of 1 to 5, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group or a salt thereof;
　ここで、ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
　炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、ｎ－プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ｎ－ブチル基、ｓｅｃ－ブチル基、ｔｅｒｔ－ブチル基、ｎ－ペンチル基等が挙げられる。
　炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、ｎ－プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、ｎ－ブトキシ基、ｓｅｃ－ブトキシ基、ｔｅｒｔ－ブトキシ基、ｎ－ペントキシ基等が挙げられる。
　カルボキシル基、スルホ基、リン酸基およびホスホン酸基の塩としては、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属塩；マグネシウム、カルシウム等の２族金属塩；アンモニウム塩；プロピルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、エチレンジアミン等の脂肪族アミン塩；イミダゾリン、ピペラジン、モルホリン等の脂環式アミン塩；アニリン、ジフェニルアミン等の芳香族アミン塩；ピリジニウム塩などが挙げられる。 Here, examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
Examples of the alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n -Pentyl group and the like.
Examples of the alkoxy group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, Examples thereof include an n-pentoxy group.
Examples of salts of carboxyl group, sulfo group, phosphoric acid group and phosphonic acid group include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium; group 2 metal salts such as magnesium and calcium; ammonium salts; propylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, etc. Aliphatic amine salts; alicyclic amine salts such as imidazoline, piperazine and morpholine; aromatic amine salts such as aniline and diphenylamine; and pyridinium salts.
　上記式（９）～（１２）において、Ｒ139～Ｒ162は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいハロアルキル基、フェニル基、ＯＲ163、ＣＯＲ163、ＮＲ163Ｒ164、ＣＯＯＲ165（これらの式中、Ｒ163およびＲ164は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいハロアルキル基、またはフェニル基を表し、Ｒ165は、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいハロアルキル基、またはフェニル基を表す。）、またはカルボキシル基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基もしくはそれらの塩を表す。 In the above formulas (9) to (12), R 139 to R 162 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of 1 Haloalkyl group, phenyl group, OR 163 , COR 163 , NR 163 R 164 , COOR 165 , which may have a branched structure of ˜5 (in these formulas, R 163 and R 164 are each independently hydrogen Represents an atom, an alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and R 165 represents the number of carbon atoms Represents an alkyl group which may have a branched structure of 1 to 5, a haloalkyl group which may have a branched structure of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group.), Or a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphorus group Acid groups, phosphonic acid groups or their Represents salt.
　ここで、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいハロアルキル基としては、ジフルオロメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、ブロモジフルオロメチル基、２－クロロエチル基、２－ブロモエチル基、１，１－ジフルオロエチル基、２，２，２－トリフルオロエチル基、１，１，２，２－テトラフルオロエチル基、２－クロロ－１，１，２－トリフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、３－ブロモプロピル基、２，２，３，３－テトラフルオロプロピル基、１，１，２，３，３，３－ヘキサフルオロプロピル基、１，１，１，３，３，３－ヘキサフルオロプロパン－２－イル基、３－ブロモ－２－メチルプロピル基、４－ブロモブチル基、パーフルオロペンチル基等が挙げられる。
　なお、ハロゲン原子、炭素数１～５の分岐構造を有していてもよいアルキル基としては、上記式（３）～（８）で例示した基と同様のものが挙げられる。 Here, the haloalkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms includes difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, bromodifluoromethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 1,1 -Difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, 3 -Bromopropyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Examples include -2-yl group, 3-bromo-2-methylpropyl group, 4-bromobutyl group, perfluoropentyl group and the like.
Examples of the halogen atom and the alkyl group which may have a branched structure having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include the same groups as those exemplified in the above formulas (3) to (8).
　特に、集電体との密着性をより向上させることを考慮すると、上記高分岐ポリマーは、式（２）または（３）で表される繰り返し単位の少なくとも１つの芳香環中に、カルボキシル基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、およびそれらの塩から選ばれる少なくとも１種の酸性基を有するものが好ましく、スルホ基またはその塩を有するものがより好ましい。 In particular, in consideration of further improving the adhesion to the current collector, the hyperbranched polymer has a carboxyl group, in at least one aromatic ring of the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) or (3), Those having at least one acidic group selected from a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and salts thereof are preferable, and those having a sulfo group or a salt thereof are more preferable.
　上記高分岐ポリマーの製造に用いられるアルデヒド化合物としては、ホルムアルデヒド、パラホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロピルアルデヒド、ブチルアルデヒド、イソブチルアルデヒド、バレルアルデヒド、カプロンアルデヒド、２－メチルブチルアルデヒド、ヘキシルアルデヒド、ウンデシルアルデヒド、７－メトキシ－３，７－ジメチルオクチルアルデヒド、シクロヘキサンカルボキシアルデヒド、３－メチル－２－ブチルアルデヒド、グリオキザール、マロンアルデヒド、スクシンアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、アジピンアルデヒド等の飽和脂肪族アルデヒド類；アクロレイン、メタクロレイン等の不飽和脂肪族アルデヒド類；フルフラール、ピリジンアルデヒド、チオフェンアルデヒド等のヘテロ環式アルデヒド類；ベンズアルデヒド、トリルアルデヒド、トリフルオロメチルベンズアルデヒド、フェニルベンズアルデヒド、サリチルアルデヒド、アニスアルデヒド、アセトキシベンズアルデヒド、テレフタルアルデヒド、アセチルベンズアルデヒド、ホルミル安息香酸、ホルミル安息香酸メチル、アミノベンズアルデヒド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルアミノベンズアルデヒド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジフェニルアミノベンズアルデヒド、ナフチルアルデヒド、アントリルアルデヒド、フェナントリルアルデヒド等の芳香族アルデヒド類、フェニルアセトアルデヒド、３－フェニルプロピオンアルデヒド等のアラルキルアルデヒド類などが挙げられるが、中でも、芳香族アルデヒド類を用いることが好ましい。 Examples of the aldehyde compound used for the production of the hyperbranched polymer include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, capronaldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, hexylaldehyde, undecylaldehyde, 7 -Saturated aliphatic aldehydes such as methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctylaldehyde, cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde, 3-methyl-2-butyraldehyde, glyoxal, malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, adipine aldehyde; acrolein, methacrolein Unsaturated aldehydes such as: furfural, pyridine aldehyde, heterocyclic aldehydes such as thiophene aldehyde Benzaldehyde, tolylaldehyde, trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde, phenylbenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, anisaldehyde, acetoxybenzaldehyde, terephthalaldehyde, acetylbenzaldehyde, formylbenzoic acid, methyl formylbenzoate, aminobenzaldehyde, N, N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, N , N-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde, naphthyl aldehyde, anthryl aldehyde, aromatic aldehydes such as phenanthryl aldehyde, aralkyl aldehydes such as phenylacetaldehyde, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, and the like. Is preferably used.
　また、上記高分岐ポリマーの製造に用いられるケトン化合物としては、アルキルアリールケトン、ジアリールケトン類であり、例えば、アセトフェノン、プロピオフェノン、ジフェニルケトン、フェニルナフチルケトン、ジナフチルケトン、フェニルトリルケトン、ジトリルケトン等が挙げられる。 Examples of the ketone compound used in the production of the hyperbranched polymer include alkyl aryl ketones and diaryl ketones, such as acetophenone, propiophenone, diphenyl ketone, phenyl naphthyl ketone, dinaphthyl ketone, phenyl tolyl ketone, and ditolyl ketone. Etc.
　本発明に用いられる高分岐ポリマーは、下記スキーム１に示されるように、例えば、下記式（Ａ）で示されるような、上述したトリアリールアミン骨格を与え得るトリアリールアミン化合物と、例えば下記式（Ｂ）で示されるようなアルデヒド化合物および／またはケトン化合物とを、酸触媒の存在下で縮合重合して得られる。
　なお、アルデヒド化合物として、例えば、テレフタルアルデヒド等のフタルアルデヒド類のような、二官能化合物（Ｃ）を用いる場合、スキーム１で示される反応が生じるだけではなく、下記スキーム２で示される反応が生じ、２つの官能基が共に縮合反応に寄与した、架橋構造を有する高分岐ポリマーが得られる場合もある。 As shown in the following scheme 1, the hyperbranched polymer used in the present invention includes, for example, a triarylamine compound that can give the above-described triarylamine skeleton as represented by the following formula (A), and the following formula, for example: It can be obtained by condensation polymerization of an aldehyde compound and / or a ketone compound as shown in (B) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
When a bifunctional compound (C) such as phthalaldehyde such as terephthalaldehyde is used as the aldehyde compound, not only the reaction shown in Scheme 1 but also the reaction shown in Scheme 2 below occurs. In some cases, a hyperbranched polymer having a crosslinked structure in which two functional groups contribute to the condensation reaction may be obtained.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000005
 （式中、Ａｒ1～Ａｒ3、およびＺ1～Ｚ2は、上記と同じ意味を表す。）
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000005
 (In the formula, Ar 1 to Ar 3 and Z 1 to Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above.)
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000006
 （式中、Ａｒ1～Ａｒ3、およびＲ101～Ｒ104は、上記と同じ意味を表す。）
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000006
 (In the formula, Ar 1 to Ar 3 and R 101 to R 104 have the same meaning as described above.)
　上記縮合重合反応では、トリアリールアミン化合物のアリール基１当量に対して、アルデヒド化合物および／またはケトン化合物を０．１～１０当量の割合で用いることができる。
　上記酸触媒としては、例えば、硫酸、リン酸、過塩素酸等の鉱酸類；ｐ－トルエンスルホン酸、ｐ－トルエンスルホン酸一水和物等の有機スルホン酸類；ギ酸、シュウ酸等のカルボン酸類などを用いることができる。
　酸触媒の使用量は、その種類によって種々選択されるが、通常、トリアリールアミン類１００質量部に対して、０．００１～１０，０００質量部、好ましくは、０．０１～１，０００質量部、より好ましくは０．１～１００質量部である。 In the condensation polymerization reaction, an aldehyde compound and / or a ketone compound can be used at a ratio of 0.1 to 10 equivalents with respect to 1 equivalent of the aryl group of the triarylamine compound.
Examples of the acid catalyst include mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid; organic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; carboxylic acids such as formic acid and oxalic acid. Etc. can be used.
The amount of the acid catalyst to be used is variously selected depending on the kind thereof, but is usually 0.001 to 10,000 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 to 1,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the triarylamines. Part, more preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight.
　上記の縮合反応は無溶媒でも行えるが、通常溶媒を用いて行われる。溶媒としては反応を阻害しないものであれば全て使用することができ、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、１，４－ジオキサン等の環状エーテル類；Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルホルムアミド（ＤＭＦ）、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルアセトアミド（ＤＭＡｃ）、Ｎ－メチル－２－ピロリドン（ＮＭＰ）等のアミド類；メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類；塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、１，２－ジクロロエタン、クロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類；ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類などが挙げられ、特に、環状エーテル類が好ましい。これらの溶媒は、それぞれ単独でまたは２種以上混合して用いることができる。
　また、使用する酸触媒が、例えば、ギ酸のような液状のものであるならば、酸触媒に溶媒としての役割を兼ねさせることもできる。 Although the above condensation reaction can be carried out without a solvent, it is usually carried out using a solvent. Any solvent that does not inhibit the reaction can be used. For example, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide ( DMAc), amides such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; benzene, Examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, and cyclic ethers are particularly preferable. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
In addition, if the acid catalyst used is a liquid such as formic acid, the acid catalyst can also serve as a solvent.
　縮合時の反応温度は、通常４０～２００℃である。反応時間は反応温度によって種々選択されるが、通常３０分間から５０時間程度である。 The reaction temperature during the condensation is usually 40 to 200 ° C. The reaction time is variously selected depending on the reaction temperature, but is usually about 30 minutes to 50 hours.
　高分岐ポリマーに酸性基を導入する場合、ポリマー原料である、上記トリアリールアミン化合物、アルデヒド化合物、ケトン化合物の芳香環上に予め導入し、これを用いて高分岐ポリマーを製造する方法で導入しても、得られた高分岐ポリマーを、その芳香環上に酸性基を導入可能な試薬で処理する方法で導入してもよいが、製造の簡便さを考慮すると、後者の手法を用いることが好ましい。
　後者の手法において、酸性基を芳香環上に導入する手法としては、特に制限はなく、酸性基の種類に応じて従来公知の各種方法から適宜選択すればよい。
　例えば、スルホ基を導入する場合、過剰量の硫酸を用いてスルホン化する手法などを用いることができる。 When introducing an acidic group into a highly branched polymer, it is introduced in advance on the aromatic ring of the above-mentioned triarylamine compound, aldehyde compound or ketone compound, which is the polymer raw material, and is introduced by a method for producing a highly branched polymer using this. However, the obtained hyperbranched polymer may be introduced by a method of treating with a reagent capable of introducing an acidic group on the aromatic ring, but the latter method may be used in consideration of the ease of production. preferable.
In the latter method, the method for introducing the acidic group onto the aromatic ring is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from conventionally known various methods according to the type of the acidic group.
For example, when a sulfo group is introduced, a technique of sulfonation using an excessive amount of sulfuric acid can be used.
　上記高分岐ポリマーの平均分子量は特に限定されるものではないが、重量平均分子量が１，０００～２，０００，０００が好ましく、２，０００～１，０００，０００がより好ましい。
　具体的な高分岐ポリマーとしては、下記式で示されるものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。 The average molecular weight of the hyperbranched polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000.
Specific examples of the hyperbranched polymer include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formula.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000007
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000007
　本発明において、ＣＮＴと分散剤との混合比率は、質量比で１，０００：１～１：１００程度とすることができる。
　また、組成物中における分散剤の濃度は、ＣＮＴを溶媒に分散させ得る濃度であれば特に限定されるものではないが、組成物中に０．００１～３０質量％程度とすることが好ましく、０．００２～２０質量％程度とすることがより好ましい。
　さらに、組成物中におけるＣＮＴの濃度は、目的とするアンダーコート層の目付量や、要求される機械的、電気的、熱的特性などにおいて変化するものであり、また、少なくともＣＮＴ等の一部が孤立分散し、実用的な目付量範囲でアンダーコート層を作製できる限り任意であるが、組成物中に０．０００１～３０質量％程度とすることが好ましく、０．００１～２０質量％程度とすることがより好ましく、０．００１～１０質量％程度とすることがより一層好ましい。 In the present invention, the mixing ratio of the CNT and the dispersant can be about 1,000: 1 to 1: 100 by mass ratio.
Further, the concentration of the dispersant in the composition is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration capable of dispersing CNTs in a solvent, but is preferably about 0.001 to 30% by mass in the composition, More preferably, it is about 0.002 to 20% by mass.
Furthermore, the concentration of CNT in the composition varies in the weight per unit area of the target undercoat layer and the required mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics, and at least a part of the CNT, etc. Is as long as the undercoat layer can be produced in a range of practical weight per unit area, but is preferably about 0.0001 to 30% by mass, preferably about 0.001 to 20% by mass in the composition. More preferred is about 0.001 to 10% by mass.
　溶媒としては、従来、導電性組成物の調製に用いられるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、水；テトラヒドロフラン（ＴＨＦ）、ジエチルエーテル、１，２－ジメトキシエタン（ＤＭＥ）等のエーテル類；塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、１，２－ジクロロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類；Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルホルムアミド（ＤＭＦ）、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルアセトアミド（ＤＭＡｃ）、Ｎ－メチル－２－ピロリドン（ＮＭＰ）等のアミド類；アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類；メタノール、エタノール、ｎ－プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ｎ－ブタノール、ｔ－ブタノール等のアルコール類；ｎ－ヘプタン、ｎ－ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素類；ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素類；エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル類；エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等のグリコール類等の有機溶媒が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、１種単独で又は２種以上を混合して用いることができる。特に、ＣＮＴの孤立分散の割合を向上させ得るという点から、水、ＮＭＰ、ＤＭＦ、ＴＨＦ、メタノール、エタノール、ｎ－プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ｎ－ブタノール、ｔ－ブタノールが好ましい。また塗工性を向上させ得るという点から、メタノール、エタノール、ｎ－プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ｎ－ブタノール、ｔ－ブタノールを含むことが好ましい。またコストを下げ得るという点からは、水を含むことが好ましい。これらの溶媒は、孤立分散の割合を増やすこと、塗工性を上げること、コストを下げることを目的として、１種単独で又は２種以上を混合して用いることができる。水とアルコール類との混合溶媒を用いる場合、その混合割合は特に限定されるものではないが、質量比で、水：アルコール類＝１：１～１０：１程度が好ましい。 The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used for the preparation of a conductive composition. For example, water; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME); Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane; N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), etc. Amides; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone; Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol; n-heptane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, etc. Aliphatic hydrocarbons; benzene, toluene Aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylene, xylene and ethylbenzene; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; and organic solvents such as glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol . These solvent can be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types. In particular, water, NMP, DMF, THF, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol are preferable because the ratio of isolated dispersion of CNT can be improved. From the viewpoint of improving coatability, it is preferable to include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol. Moreover, it is preferable that water is included from the point that cost can be reduced. These solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more for the purpose of increasing the ratio of isolated dispersion, increasing the coatability, and reducing the cost. When a mixed solvent of water and alcohols is used, the mixing ratio is not particularly limited, but water: alcohols = 1: 1 to 10: 1 are preferable in terms of mass ratio.
　本発明の組成物には、マトリックスとなる高分子を添加してもよい。マトリックス高分子としては、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶｄＦ）、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン－ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン－ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体〔Ｐ（ＶＤＦ－ＨＦＰ）〕、フッ化ビニリデン－塩化３フッ化エチレン共重合体〔Ｐ（ＶＤＦ－ＣＴＦＥ）〕などのフッ素系樹脂；ポリビニルピロリドン、エチレン－プロピレン－ジエン三元共重合体、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）、ＰＰ（ポリプロピレン）、ＥＶＡ（エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体）、ＥＥＡ（エチレン－アクリル酸エチル共重合体）などのポリオレフィン系樹脂；ＰＳ（ポリスチレン）、ＨＩＰＳ（ハイインパクトポリスチレン）、ＡＳ（アクリロニトリル－スチレン共重合体）、ＡＢＳ（アクリロニトリル－ブタジエン－スチレン共重合体）、ＭＳ（メタクリル酸メチル－スチレン共重合体）、スチレン－ブタジエンゴムなどのポリスチレン系樹脂；ポリカーボネート樹脂；塩化ビニル樹脂；ポリアミド樹脂；ポリイミド樹脂；ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ＰＭＭＡ（ポリメチルメタクリレート）などの（メタ）アクリル樹脂；ＰＥＴ（ポリエチレンテレフタレート）、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート、ＰＬＡ（ポリ乳酸）、ポリ－３－ヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンサクシネート／アジペートなどのポリエステル樹脂；ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂；変性ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂；ポリアセタール樹脂；ポリスルホン樹脂；ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂；ポリビニルアルコール樹脂；ポリグルコール酸；変性でんぷん；酢酸セルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、三酢酸セルロース；キチン、キトサン；リグニン等の熱可塑性樹脂や、ポリアニリンおよびその半酸化体であるエメラルジンベース；ポリチオフェン；ポリピロール；ポリフェニレンビニレン；ポリフェニレン；ポリアセチレン等の導電性高分子、さらにはエポキシ樹脂；ウレタンアクリレート；フェノール樹脂；メラミン樹脂；尿素樹脂；アルキド樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂や光硬化性樹脂などが挙げられるが、本発明の導電性炭素材料分散液においては、溶媒として水を用いることが好適であることから、マトリックス高分子としても水溶性のもの、例えば、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、水溶性セルロースエーテル、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポリエチレングリコール等が挙げられるが、特に、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム等が好適である。 In the composition of the present invention, a polymer serving as a matrix may be added. Examples of the matrix polymer include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)], Fluorine resins such as vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer [P (VDF-CTFE)]; polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), Polyolefin resins such as EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), EEA (ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer); PS (polystyrene), HIPS (high impact polystyrene), AS (acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer), ABS (Acry Polystyrene resins such as nitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), MS (methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer), styrene-butadiene rubber; polycarbonate resin; vinyl chloride resin; polyamide resin; polyimide resin; (Meth) acrylic resins such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, PLA (polylactic acid), poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid, polycaprolactone, poly Polyethylene resins such as butylene succinate and polyethylene succinate / adipate; polyphenylene ether resin; modified polyphenylene ether resin; polyacetal resin; polysulfone resin Polyphenylene sulfide resin; polyvinyl alcohol resin; polyglycolic acid; modified starch; cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose triacetate; chitin, chitosan; thermoplastic resin such as lignin, emeraldine base that is polyaniline and its half-oxidized body; polythiophene; Polypyrrole; polyphenylene vinylene; polyphenylene; conductive polymer such as polyacetylene; and epoxy resin; urethane acrylate; phenol resin; melamine resin; urea resin; thermosetting resin such as alkyd resin; In the conductive carbon material dispersion liquid of the present invention, it is preferable to use water as a solvent, so that the matrix polymer is also water-soluble, such as sodium polyacrylate, calcium carbonate. Examples thereof include sodium boxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose ether, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene glycol and the like, and particularly, sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose are preferable.
　マトリックス高分子は、市販品として入手することもでき、そのような市販品としては、例えば、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム（和光純薬工業（株）製、重合度２，７００～７，５００）、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム（和光純薬工業（株）製）、アルギン酸ナトリウム（関東化学（株）製、鹿１級）、メトローズＳＨシリーズ（ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、信越化学工業（株）製）、メトローズＳＥシリーズ（ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース、信越化学工業（株）製）、ＪＣ－２５（完全ケン化型ポリビニルアルコール、日本酢ビ・ポバール（株）製）、ＪＭ－１７（中間ケン化型ポリビニルアルコール、日本酢ビ・ポバール（株）製）、ＪＰ－０３（部分ケン化型ポリビニルアルコール、日本酢ビ・ポバール（株）製）、ポリスチレンスルホン酸（Aldrich社製、固形分濃度１８質量％、水溶液）等が挙げられる。
　マトリックス高分子の含有量は、特に限定されるものではないが、組成物中に、０．０００１～９９質量％程度とすることが好ましく、０．００１～９０質量％程度とすることがより好ましい。 The matrix polymer can also be obtained as a commercial product. Examples of such a commercial product include sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization 2,700 to 7,500), carboxy Sodium methylcellulose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), sodium alginate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., deer grade 1), Metrol's SH series (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), Metrolose SE series (hydroxyl) Ethyl methyl cellulose, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), JC-25 (completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol, manufactured by Nippon Vineyard Poval Co., Ltd.), JM-17 (intermediate saponified polyvinyl alcohol, Nippon Vinegared / Poval) Manufactured by Co., Ltd.), JP-03 (partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, Nippon Vinegar Poval) Ltd.), polystyrene sulfonic acid (Aldrich Corp., solid concentration 18 wt%, aqueous solution), and the like.
The content of the matrix polymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.0001 to 99% by mass, more preferably about 0.001 to 90% by mass in the composition. .
　なお、本発明の組成物には、用いる分散剤と架橋反応を起こす架橋剤や、自己架橋する架橋剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの架橋剤は、使用する溶媒に溶解することが好ましい。
　オキサゾリンポリマーの架橋剤としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、水酸基、チオール基、アミノ基、スルフィン酸基、エポキシ基等のオキサゾリン基との反応性を有する官能基を２個以上有する化合物であれば特に限定されるものではないが、カルボキシル基を２個以上有する化合物が好ましい。なお、薄膜形成時の加熱や、酸触媒の存在下で上記官能基が生じて架橋反応を起こす官能基、例えば、カルボン酸のナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、リチウム塩、アンモニウム塩等を有する化合物も架橋剤として用いることができる。
　オキサゾリン基と架橋反応を起こす化合物の具体例としては、酸触媒の存在下で架橋反応性を発揮する、ポリアクリル酸やそのコポリマー等の合成高分子およびカルボキシメチルセルロースやアルギン酸といった天然高分子の金属塩、加熱により架橋反応性を発揮する、上記合成高分子および天然高分子のアンモニウム塩等が挙げられるが、特に、酸触媒の存在下や加熱条件下で架橋反応性を発揮するポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリアクリル酸リチウム、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースリチウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースアンモニウム等が好ましい。 The composition of the present invention may contain a crosslinking agent that causes a crosslinking reaction with the dispersant to be used or a crosslinking agent that self-crosslinks. These crosslinking agents are preferably dissolved in the solvent used.
The crosslinking agent for the oxazoline polymer is particularly limited as long as it is a compound having two or more functional groups having reactivity with an oxazoline group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amino group, a sulfinic acid group, and an epoxy group. Although not intended, compounds having two or more carboxyl groups are preferred. In addition, a compound having a functional group that causes a crosslinking reaction by heating during thin film formation or in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as a sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, or ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid is also crosslinked. It can be used as an agent.
Specific examples of compounds that undergo a crosslinking reaction with an oxazoline group include metal salts of synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid and copolymers thereof and natural polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose and alginic acid that exhibit crosslinking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst. And ammonium salts of the above synthetic polymers and natural polymers that exhibit crosslinking reactivity by heating, especially sodium polyacrylate that exhibits crosslinking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst or under heating conditions, Preference is given to lithium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, lithium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose ammonium and the like.
　このようなオキサゾリン基と架橋反応を起こす化合物は、市販品として入手することもでき、そのような市販品としては、例えば、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム（和光純薬工業（株）製、重合度２，７００～７，５００）、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム（和光純薬工業（株）製）、アルギン酸ナトリウム（関東化学（株）製、鹿１級）、アロンＡ－３０（ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム、東亞合成（株）製、固形分濃度３２質量％、水溶液）、ＤＮ－８００Ｈ（カルボキシメチルセルロースアンモニウム、ダイセルファインケム（株）製）、アルギン酸アンモニウム（（株）キミカ製）等が挙げられる。 Such a compound that causes a crosslinking reaction with an oxazoline group can also be obtained as a commercial product. Examples of such a commercial product include sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization of 2, 700-7,500), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), sodium alginate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., deer grade 1), Aron A-30 (ammonium polyacrylate, Toagosei Co., Ltd.) ), Solid concentration 32% by mass, aqueous solution), DN-800H (carboxymethylcellulose ammonium, manufactured by Daicel Finechem Co., Ltd.), ammonium alginate (produced by Kimika Co., Ltd.), and the like.
　トリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーの架橋剤としては、例えば、メラミン系、置換尿素系、またはそれらのポリマー系架橋剤等が挙げられ、これら架橋剤は、それぞれ単独で、または２種以上混合して用いることができる。なお、好ましくは、少なくとも２個の架橋形成置換基を有する架橋剤であり、ＣＹＭＥＬ（登録商標）、メトキシメチル化グリコールウリル、ブトキシメチル化グリコールウリル、メチロール化グリコールウリル、メトキシメチル化メラミン、ブトキシメチル化メラミン、メチロール化メラミン、メトキシメチル化ベンゾグアナミン、ブトキシメチル化ベンゾグアナミン、メチロール化ベンゾグアナミン、メトキシメチル化尿素、ブトキシメチル化尿素、メチロール化尿素、メトキシメチル化チオ尿素、メトキシメチル化チオ尿素、メチロール化チオ尿素等の化合物、およびこれらの化合物の縮合体が例として挙げられる。 Examples of the crosslinking agent for the triarylamine-based hyperbranched polymer include melamine-based, substituted urea-based, or their polymer-based crosslinking agents. These crosslinking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can be used. Preferably, the cross-linking agent has at least two cross-linking substituents, such as CYMEL (registered trademark), methoxymethylated glycoluril, butoxymethylated glycoluril, methylolated glycoluril, methoxymethylated melamine, butoxymethyl. Melamine, methylolated melamine, methoxymethylated benzoguanamine, butoxymethylated benzoguanamine, methylolated benzoguanamine, methoxymethylated urea, butoxymethylated urea, methylolated urea, methoxymethylated thiourea, methoxymethylated thiourea, methylolated thio Examples include compounds such as urea, and condensates of these compounds.
　自己架橋する架橋剤としては、例えば、水酸基に対してアルデヒド基、エポキシ基、ビニル基、イソシアネート基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基に対してアルデヒド基、アミノ基、イソシアネート基、エポキシ基、アミノ基に対してイソシアネート基、アルデヒド基などの、互いに反応する架橋性官能基を同一分子内に有している化合物や、同じ架橋性官能基同士で反応する水酸基（脱水縮合）、メルカプト基（ジスルフィド結合）、エステル基（クライゼン縮合）、シラノール基（脱水縮合）、ビニル基、アクリル基などを有している化合物などが挙げられる。
　自己架橋する架橋剤の具体例としては、酸触媒の存在下で架橋反応性を発揮する多官能アクリレート、テトラアルコキシシラン、ブロックイソシアネート基を有するモノマーおよび水酸基、カルボン酸、アミノ基の少なくとも１つを有するモノマーのブロックコポリマーなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the crosslinking agent that self-crosslinks include, for example, an aldehyde group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, an isocyanate group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, and an amino group. Compounds having crosslinkable functional groups that react with each other in the same molecule, such as isocyanate groups and aldehyde groups, hydroxyl groups that react with the same crosslinkable functional groups (dehydration condensation), mercapto groups (disulfide bonds), Examples thereof include compounds having an ester group (Claisen condensation), a silanol group (dehydration condensation), a vinyl group, an acrylic group, and the like.
Specific examples of the crosslinking agent that self-crosslinks include polyfunctional acrylate, tetraalkoxysilane, a monomer having a blocked isocyanate group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid, and an amino group that exhibit crosslinking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst. The block copolymer of the monomer which has is mentioned.
　このような自己架橋する架橋剤は、市販品として入手することもでき、そのような市販品としては、例えば、多官能アクリレートでは、Ａ－９３００（エトキシ化イソシアヌル酸トリアクリレート、新中村化学工業（株）製）、Ａ－ＧＬＹ－９Ｅ（Ｅｔｈｏｘｙｌａｔｅｄ ｇｌｙｃｅｒｉｎｅ ｔｒｉａｃｒｙｌａｔｅ（ＥＯ９ｍｏｌ）、新中村化学工業（株）製）、Ａ－ＴＭＭＴ（ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、新中村化学工業（株）製）、テトラアルコキシシランでは、テトラメトキシシラン（東京化成工業（株）製）、テトラエトキシシラン（東横化学（株）製）、ブロックイソシアネート基を有するポリマーでは、エラストロンシリーズＥ－３７、Ｈ－３、Ｈ３８、ＢＡＰ、ＮＥＷ　ＢＡＰ－１５、Ｃ－５２、Ｆ－２９、Ｗ－１１Ｐ、ＭＦ－９、ＭＦ－２５Ｋ（第一工業製薬（株）製）等が挙げられる。 Such a self-crosslinking crosslinking agent can also be obtained as a commercial product. Examples of such a commercial product include A-9300 (ethoxylated isocyanuric acid triacrylate, Shin-Nakamura Chemical ( ), A-GLY-9E (Ethoxylatedｉｎglycerine triacrylate (EO9 mol), Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), A-TMMT (pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), tetraalkoxysilane In the case of tetramethoxysilane (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), tetraethoxysilane (manufactured by Toyoko Chemical Co., Ltd.), and polymers having a blocked isocyanate group, Elastron series E-37, H-3, H38, BAP, NEW BAP-15, C-52, F-2 9, W-11P, MF-9, MF-25K (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.).
　これら架橋剤の添加量は、使用する溶媒、使用する基材、要求される粘度、要求される膜形状などにより変動するが、分散剤に対して０．００１～８０質量％、好ましくは０．０１～５０質量％、より好ましくは０．０５～４０質量％である。これら架橋剤は自己縮合による架橋反応を起こすこともあるが、分散剤と架橋反応を起こすものであり、分散剤中に架橋性置換基が存在する場合はそれらの架橋性置換基により架橋反応が促進される。
　本発明では、架橋反応を促進するための触媒として、ｐ－トルエンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、ピリジニウムｐ－トルエンスルホン酸、サリチル酸、スルホサリチル酸、クエン酸、安息香酸、ヒドロキシ安息香酸、ナフタレンカルボン酸等の酸性化合物、および／または２，４，４，６－テトラブロモシクロヘキサジエノン、ベンゾイントシレート、２－ニトロベンジルトシレート、有機スルホン酸アルキルエステル等の熱酸発生剤を添加することができる。
　触媒の添加量は、ＣＮＴ分散剤に対して、好ましくは０．０００１～２０質量％、より好ましくは０．０００５～１０質量％、より一層好ましくは０．００１～３質量％である。 The amount of these crosslinking agents to be added varies depending on the solvent used, the substrate used, the required viscosity, the required film shape, etc., but is 0.001 to 80% by mass, preferably 0.8%, based on the dispersant. The amount is from 01 to 50% by mass, more preferably from 0.05 to 40% by mass. These cross-linking agents may cause a cross-linking reaction by self-condensation, but they cause a cross-linking reaction with the dispersant. If a cross-linkable substituent is present in the dispersant, the cross-linking reaction is caused by those cross-linkable substituents. Promoted.
In the present invention, as a catalyst for accelerating the crosslinking reaction, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, naphthalenecarboxylic acid And / or a thermal acid generator such as 2,4,4,6-tetrabromocyclohexadienone, benzoin tosylate, 2-nitrobenzyl tosylate, and organic sulfonic acid alkyl ester can be added. .
The addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.0001 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 10% by mass, and still more preferably 0.001 to 3% by mass with respect to the CNT dispersant.
　本発明の組成物の調製法は、特に限定されるものではなく、ＣＮＴ、分散剤および溶媒、並びに必要に応じて用いられるマトリックスポリマー、架橋剤等を任意の順序で混合して分散液を調製すればよい。
　この際、混合物を分散処理することが好ましく、この処理により、ＣＮＴの分散割合をより向上させることができる。分散処理としては、機械的処理である、ボールミル、ビーズミル、ジェットミル等を用いる湿式処理や、バス型やプローブ型のソニケータを用いる超音波処理が挙げられるが、特に、ジェットミルを用いた湿式処理や超音波処理が好適である。
　分散処理の時間は任意であるが、１分間から１０時間程度が好ましく、５分間から５時間程度がより好ましい。この際、必要に応じて加熱処理を施しても構わない。
　なお、マトリックスポリマー等の任意成分を用いる場合、これらは、ＣＮＴ、分散剤および溶媒からなる混合物を調製した後から加えてもよい。 The method for preparing the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a dispersion is prepared by mixing CNT, a dispersant and a solvent, and a matrix polymer, a crosslinking agent, and the like used as necessary in an arbitrary order. do it.
At this time, it is preferable to disperse the mixture, and this treatment can further improve the CNT dispersion ratio. Examples of the dispersion treatment include mechanical treatment, wet treatment using a ball mill, bead mill, jet mill, and the like, and ultrasonic treatment using a bath-type or probe-type sonicator. In particular, wet treatment using a jet mill. Or sonication is preferred.
The time for the dispersion treatment is arbitrary, but is preferably about 1 minute to 10 hours, and more preferably about 5 minutes to 5 hours. At this time, heat treatment may be performed as necessary.
In addition, when using arbitrary components, such as a matrix polymer, you may add these, after preparing the mixture which consists of CNT, a dispersing agent, and a solvent.
　本発明において、組成物の固形分濃度は、特に限定されるものではないが、所望の目付量や膜厚でアンダーコート層を形成することを考慮すると、２０質量％以下が好ましく、１５質量％以下がより好ましく、１０質量％以下がより一層好ましい。
　また、その下限は、任意であるが、実用的な観点から、０．１質量％以上が好ましく、０．５質量％以上がより好ましく、１質量％以上がより一層好ましい。
　なお、固形分とは、組成物を構成する溶媒以外の成分の総量である。 In the present invention, the solid content concentration of the composition is not particularly limited, but considering the formation of the undercoat layer with a desired basis weight and film thickness, it is preferably 20% by mass or less, and 15% by mass. The following is more preferable, and 10 mass% or less is still more preferable.
Moreover, the minimum is arbitrary, but 0.1 mass% or more is preferable from a practical viewpoint, 0.5 mass% or more is more preferable, and 1 mass% or more is still more preferable.
In addition, solid content is the total amount of components other than the solvent which comprises a composition.
　以上で説明した組成物を集電体の少なくとも一方の面に塗布し、これを自然または加熱乾燥し、アンダーコート層を形成してアンダーコート箔（複合集電体）を作製することができる。
　アンダーコート層の厚みは、得られるデバイスの内部抵抗を低減することを考慮すると、１ｎｍ～１０μｍが好ましく、１ｎｍ～１μｍがより好ましく、１～５００ｎｍがより一層好ましい。
　アンダーコート層の膜厚は、例えば、アンダーコート箔から適当な大きさの試験片を切り出し、それを手で裂く等の手法により断面を露出させ、走査電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ）等の顕微鏡観察により、断面部分でアンダーコート層が露出した部分から求めることができる。 An undercoat foil (composite current collector) can be produced by applying the composition described above to at least one surface of a current collector and naturally or heat-drying it to form an undercoat layer.
The thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 1 nm to 10 μm, more preferably 1 nm to 1 μm, and even more preferably 1 to 500 nm in consideration of reducing the internal resistance of the resulting device.
The film thickness of the undercoat layer is, for example, by cutting out a test piece of an appropriate size from the undercoat foil, exposing the cross section by a technique such as tearing it by hand, and by microscopic observation such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM), It can obtain | require from the part which the undercoat layer exposed in the cross-sectional part.
　集電体の一面あたりのアンダーコート層の目付量は、上記膜厚を満たす限り特に限定されるものではないが、１，０００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下が好ましく、５００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下がより好ましく、３００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下がより一層好ましく、２００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下がさらに好ましい。
　一方、アンダーコート層の機能を担保して優れた特性の電池を再現性よく得るため、集電体の一面あたりのアンダーコート層の目付量を好ましくは１ｍｇ／ｍ2以上、より好ましくは５ｍｇ／ｍ2以上、より一層好ましくは１０ｍｇ／ｍ2以上、さらに好ましくは１５ｍｇ／ｍ2以上とする。 Basis weight of the undercoat layer per one surface of the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above thickness is preferably 1,000 mg / m 2 or less, more preferably 500 mg / m 2, 300 mg / M 2 or less is even more preferable, and 200 mg / m 2 or less is more preferable.
On the other hand, in order to ensure the function of the undercoat layer and to obtain a battery having excellent characteristics with good reproducibility, the basis weight of the undercoat layer per side of the current collector is preferably 1 mg / m 2 or more, more preferably 5 mg / m 2. m 2 or more, more preferably 10 mg / m 2 or more, and further preferably 15 mg / m 2 or more.
　なお、アンダーコート層の目付量は、アンダーコート層の面積（ｍ2）に対するアンダーコート層の質量（ｍｇ）の割合であり、アンダーコート層がパターン状に形成されている場合、当該面積はアンダーコート層のみの面積であり、パターン状に形成されたアンダーコート層の間に露出する集電体の面積を含まない。
　アンダーコート層の質量は、例えば、アンダーコート箔から適当な大きさの試験片を切り出し、その質量Ｗ０を測定し、その後、アンダーコート箔からアンダーコート層を剥離し、アンダーコート層を剥離した後の質量Ｗ１を測定し、その差（Ｗ０－Ｗ１）から算出する、あるいは、予め集電体の質量Ｗ２を測定しておき、その後、アンダーコート層を形成したアンダーコート箔の質量Ｗ３を測定し、その差（Ｗ３－Ｗ２）から算出することができる。
　アンダーコート層を剥離する方法としては、例えばアンダーコート層が溶解、もしくは膨潤する溶剤に、アンダーコート層を浸漬させ、布等でアンダーコート層をふき取るなどの方法が挙げられる。 The basis weight of the undercoat layer is the ratio of the mass (mg) of the undercoat layer to the area (m 2 ) of the undercoat layer. When the undercoat layer is formed in a pattern, the area is an undercoat layer. The area is only the coat layer, and does not include the area of the current collector exposed between the undercoat layers formed in a pattern.
The mass of the undercoat layer is obtained by, for example, cutting a test piece of an appropriate size from the undercoat foil, measuring its mass W0, and then peeling off the undercoat layer from the undercoat foil and peeling off the undercoat layer. The mass W1 is measured and calculated from the difference (W0-W1), or the mass W2 of the current collector is measured in advance, and then the mass W3 of the undercoat foil on which the undercoat layer is formed is measured. The difference (W3−W2) can be calculated.
Examples of the method for removing the undercoat layer include a method of immersing the undercoat layer in a solvent in which the undercoat layer dissolves or swells, and wiping the undercoat layer with a cloth or the like.
　目付量や膜厚は、公知の方法で調整することができる。例えば、塗布によりアンダーコート層を形成する場合、アンダーコート層を形成するための塗工液（アンダーコート層形成用組成物）の固形分濃度、塗布回数、塗工機の塗工液投入口のクリアランスなどを変えることで調整できる。
　目付量や膜厚を多くしたい場合は、固形分濃度を高くしたり、塗布回数を増やしたり、クリアランスを大きくしたりする。目付量や膜厚を少なくしたい場合は、固形分濃度を低くしたり、塗布回数を減らしたり、クリアランスを小さくしたりする。 The basis weight and the film thickness can be adjusted by a known method. For example, when the undercoat layer is formed by coating, the solid content concentration of the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer (undercoat layer forming composition), the number of times of coating, the coating liquid inlet of the coating machine It can be adjusted by changing the clearance.
In order to increase the weight per unit area and the film thickness, the solid content concentration is increased, the number of coatings is increased, and the clearance is increased. When it is desired to reduce the weight per unit area and the film thickness, the solid content concentration is lowered, the number of coatings is reduced, or the clearance is reduced.
　上記集電体は、従来、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極の集電体として用いられているものを使用することができる。例えば、銅、アルミニウム、チタン、ステンレススチール、ニッケル、金、銀およびこれらの合金や、カーボン材料、金属酸化物、導電性高分子等を用いることができるが、超音波溶接等の溶接を適用して電極構造体を作製する場合、銅、アルミニウム、チタン、ステンレススチールまたはこれらの合金からなる金属箔を用いることが好ましい。集電体の厚みは特に限定されないが、本発明においては、１～１００μｍが好ましい。 As the current collector, those conventionally used as current collectors for electrodes for energy storage devices can be used. For example, copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, gold, silver and alloys thereof, carbon materials, metal oxides, conductive polymers, etc. can be used, but welding such as ultrasonic welding is applied. When producing an electrode structure, it is preferable to use a metal foil made of copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or an alloy thereof. The thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 100 μm in the present invention.
　組成物の塗布方法としては、例えば、スピンコート法、ディップコート法、フローコート法、インクジェット法、キャスティング法、スプレーコート法、バーコート法、グラビアコート法、スリットコート法、ロールコート法、フレキソ印刷法、転写印刷法、刷毛塗り、ブレードコート法、エアーナイフコート法、ダイコート法などが挙げられるが、作業効率等の点から、インクジェット法、キャスティング法、ディップコート法、バーコート法、ブレードコート法、ロールコート法、グラビアコート法、フレキソ印刷法、スプレーコート法、ダイコート法が好適である。
　加熱乾燥する場合の温度も任意であるが、５０～２００℃程度が好ましく、８０～１５０℃程度がより好ましい。 Examples of the method for applying the composition include spin coating, dip coating, flow coating, ink jet, casting, spray coating, bar coating, gravure coating, slit coating, roll coating, and flexographic printing. Method, transfer printing method, brush coating, blade coating method, air knife coating method, die coating method, etc., but from the point of work efficiency etc., inkjet method, casting method, dip coating method, bar coating method, blade coating method A roll coating method, a gravure coating method, a flexographic printing method, a spray coating method, and a die coating method are suitable.
The temperature for drying by heating is also arbitrary, but is preferably about 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C.
　本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極は、上記アンダーコート層上に、電極合材層を形成して作製することができる。
　本発明におけるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスとしては、例えば、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウム二次電池、リチウムイオン二次電池、プロトンポリマー電池、ニッケル水素電池、アルミ固体コンデンサ、電解コンデンサ、鉛蓄電池等の各種エネルギー貯蔵デバイスが挙げられるが、本発明のアンダーコート箔は、特に、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオン二次電池に好適に用いることができる。
　ここで、活物質としては、従来、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極に用いられている各種活物質を用いることができる。
　例えば、リチウム二次電池やリチウムイオン二次電池の場合、正極活物質としてリチウムイオンを吸着・離脱可能なカルコゲン化合物またはリチウムイオン含有カルコゲン化合物、ポリアニオン系化合物、硫黄単体およびその化合物等を用いることができる。
　このようなリチウムイオンを吸着離脱可能なカルコゲン化合物としては、例えば、ＦｅＳ2、ＴｉＳ2、ＭｏＳ2、Ｖ2Ｏ6、Ｖ6Ｏ13、ＭｎＯ2等が挙げられる。
　リチウムイオン含有カルコゲン化合物としては、例えば、ＬｉＣｏＯ2、ＬｉＭｎＯ2、ＬｉＭｎ2Ｏ4、ＬｉＭｏ2Ｏ4、ＬｉＶ3Ｏ8、ＬｉＮｉＯ2、ＬｉxＮｉyＭ1-yＯ2（但し、Ｍは、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｖ、Ａｌ、Ｓｎ、Ｐｂ、およびＺｎから選ばれる少なくとも１種以上の金属元素を表し、０．０５≦ｘ≦１．１０、０．５≦ｙ≦１．０）などが挙げられる。
　ポリアニオン系化合物としては、例えば、ＬｉＦｅＰＯ4等が挙げられる。
　硫黄化合物としては、例えば、Ｌｉ2Ｓ、ルベアン酸等が挙げられる。 The electrode for energy storage devices of the present invention can be produced by forming an electrode mixture layer on the undercoat layer.
Examples of the energy storage device in the present invention include various energy storage devices such as an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a proton polymer battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, an aluminum solid capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, and a lead storage battery. In particular, the undercoat foil of the present invention can be suitably used for electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion secondary batteries.
Here, as an active material, the various active materials conventionally used for the electrode for energy storage devices can be used.
For example, in the case of a lithium secondary battery or a lithium ion secondary battery, a chalcogen compound capable of adsorbing / leaving lithium ions or a lithium ion-containing chalcogen compound, a polyanion compound, a simple substance of sulfur and a compound thereof may be used as a positive electrode active material. it can.
Examples of the chalcogen compound that can adsorb and desorb lithium ions include FeS 2 , TiS 2 , MoS 2 , V 2 O 6 , V 6 O 13 , and MnO 2 .
Examples of the lithium ion-containing chalcogen compound include LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMo 2 O 4 , LiV 3 O 8 , LiNiO 2 , Li x Ni y M 1-y O 2 (where M is It represents at least one metal element selected from Co, Mn, Ti, Cr, V, Al, Sn, Pb, and Zn, and 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 1.10, 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 ) And the like.
Examples of the polyanionic compound include LiFePO 4 .
Examples of the sulfur compound include Li 2 S and rubeanic acid.
　一方、上記負極を構成する負極活物質としては、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属合金、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出する周期表４～１５族の元素から選ばれる少なくとも１種の単体、酸化物、硫化物、窒化物、またはリチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵・放出可能な炭素材料を使用することができる。
　アルカリ金属としては、Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ等が挙げられ、アルカリ金属合金としては、例えば、Ｌｉ－Ａｌ、Ｌｉ－Ｍｇ、Ｌｉ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ、Ｎａ－Ｈｇ、Ｎａ－Ｚｎ等が挙げられる。
　リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出する周期表４～１５族の元素から選ばれる少なくとも１種の元素の単体としては、例えば、ケイ素やスズ、アルミニウム、亜鉛、砒素等が挙げられる。
　同じく酸化物としては、例えば、スズケイ素酸化物（ＳｎＳｉＯ3）、リチウム酸化ビスマス（Ｌｉ3ＢｉＯ4）、リチウム酸化亜鉛（Ｌｉ2ＺｎＯ2）、リチウム酸化チタン（Ｌｉ4Ｔｉ5Ｏ12）、酸化チタン等が挙げられる。
　同じく硫化物としては、リチウム硫化鉄（ＬｉxＦｅＳ2（０≦ｘ≦３））、リチウム硫化銅（ＬｉxＣｕＳ（０≦ｘ≦３））等が挙げられる。
　同じく窒化物としては、リチウム含有遷移金属窒化物が挙げられ、具体的には、ＬｉxＭyＮ（Ｍ＝Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、０≦ｘ≦３、０≦ｙ≦０．５）、リチウム鉄窒化物（Ｌｉ3ＦｅＮ4）等が挙げられる。
　リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵・放出可能な炭素材料としては、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、コークス、ガラス状炭素、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ、またはこれらの焼結体等が挙げられる。 On the other hand, as the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode, at least one element selected from alkali metals, alkali metal alloys, elements of Groups 4 to 15 of the periodic table that occlude / release lithium ions, oxides, sulfides, A nitride or a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions can be used.
Examples of the alkali metal include Li, Na, and K. Examples of the alkali metal alloy include Li—Al, Li—Mg, Li—Al—Ni, Na—Hg, and Na—Zn.
Examples of the simple substance of at least one element selected from Group 4 to 15 elements of the periodic table that store and release lithium ions include silicon, tin, aluminum, zinc, and arsenic.
Similarly, examples of the oxide include tin silicon oxide (SnSiO 3 ), lithium bismuth oxide (Li 3 BiO 4 ), lithium zinc oxide (Li 2 ZnO 2 ), lithium titanium oxide (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), and oxidation. Examples include titanium.
Similarly, examples of the sulfide include lithium iron sulfide (Li x FeS 2 (0 ≦ x ≦ 3)) and lithium copper sulfide (Li x CuS (0 ≦ x ≦ 3)).
Similarly as the nitrides, lithium-containing transition metal nitrides and the like, specifically, Li x M y N (M = Co, Ni, Cu, 0 ≦ x ≦ 3,0 ≦ y ≦ 0.5), Examples thereof include lithium iron nitride (Li 3 FeN 4 ).
Examples of the carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions include graphite, carbon black, coke, glassy carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and a sintered body thereof.
　また、電気二重層キャパシタの場合、活物質として炭素質材料を用いることができる。
　この炭素質材料としては、活性炭等が挙げられ、例えば、フェノール樹脂を炭化後、賦活処理して得られた活性炭が挙げられる。 In the case of an electric double layer capacitor, a carbonaceous material can be used as an active material.
Examples of the carbonaceous material include activated carbon and the like, for example, activated carbon obtained by carbonizing a phenol resin and then activating treatment.
　電極合材層は、以上で説明した活物質と、以下で説明するバインダーポリマーおよび必要に応じて溶媒を合わせて作製した電極スラリーを、アンダーコート層上に塗布し、自然または加熱乾燥して形成することができる。 The electrode mixture layer is formed by applying an active material described above, an electrode slurry prepared by combining the binder polymer described below and a solvent as necessary, onto the undercoat layer, and then naturally or by heating and drying. can do.
　バインダーポリマーとしては、公知の材料から適宜選択して用いることができ、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶｄＦ）、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン－ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン－ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体〔Ｐ（ＶＤＦ－ＨＦＰ）〕、フッ化ビニリデン－塩化３フッ化エチレン共重合体〔Ｐ（ＶＤＦ－ＣＴＦＥ）〕、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリイミド、エチレン－プロピレン－ジエン三元共重合体、スチレン－ブタジエンゴム、カルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）、ポリアクリル酸（ＰＡＡ）、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子などが挙げられる。
　なお、バインダーポリマーの添加量は、活物質１００質量部に対して、０．１～２０質量部、特に、１～１０質量部が好ましい。
　溶媒としては、上記組成物用の溶媒で例示した溶媒が挙げられ、それらの中からバインダーの種類に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、ＰＶｄＦ等の非水溶性のバインダーの場合はＮＭＰが好適であり、ＰＡＡ等の水溶性のバインダーの場合は水が好適である。 The binder polymer can be appropriately selected from known materials and used, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride- Hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)], vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer [P (VDF-CTFE)], polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, ethylene-propylene-diene ternary copolymer Examples thereof include conductive polymers such as coalescence, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polyaniline.
The added amount of the binder polymer is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, particularly 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material.
Examples of the solvent include the solvents exemplified in the above solvent for the composition, and may be appropriately selected according to the type of the binder, but NMP is preferable in the case of a water-insoluble binder such as PVdF. In the case of a water-soluble binder such as PAA, water is preferable.
　なお、上記電極スラリーは、導電材を含んでいてもよい。導電材としては、例えば、カーボンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、アセチレンブラック、カーボンウイスカー、炭素繊維、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、酸化チタン、酸化ルテニウム、アルミニウム、ニッケルなどが挙げられる。 Note that the electrode slurry may contain a conductive material. Examples of the conductive material include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon whisker, carbon fiber, natural graphite, artificial graphite, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, aluminum, nickel and the like.
　電極スラリーの塗布方法としては、上述した組成物の塗布方法と同様の手法が挙げられる。
　また、加熱乾燥する場合の温度も任意であるが、５０～４００℃程度が好ましく、８０～１５０℃程度がより好ましい。 Examples of the method for applying the electrode slurry include the same method as the method for applying the composition described above.
The temperature for drying by heating is arbitrary, but is preferably about 50 to 400 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C.
　電極は、必要に応じてプレスしてもよい。このとき、プレス圧力は１ｋＮ／ｃｍ以上が好ましい。プレス法は、一般に採用されている方法を用いることができるが、特に金型プレス法やロールプレス法が好ましい。また、プレス圧力は、特に限定されないが、２ｋＮ／ｃｍ以上が好ましく、３ｋＮ／ｃｍ以上がより好ましい。プレス圧力の上限は、４０ｋＮ／ｃｍ程度が好ましく、３０ｋＮ／ｃｍ程度がより好ましい。 The electrode may be pressed as necessary. At this time, the press pressure is preferably 1 kN / cm or more. As the pressing method, a generally adopted method can be used, but a die pressing method and a roll pressing method are particularly preferable. The pressing pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 kN / cm or more, and more preferably 3 kN / cm or more. The upper limit of the pressing pressure is preferably about 40 kN / cm, more preferably about 30 kN / cm.
　本発明に係るエネルギー貯蔵デバイスは、上述したエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えたものであり、より具体的には、少なくとも一対の正負極と、これら各極間に介在するセパレータと、電解質とを備えて構成され、正負極の少なくとも一方が、上述したエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極から構成される。
　このエネルギー貯蔵デバイスは、電極として上述したエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を用いることにその特徴があるため、その他のデバイス構成部材であるセパレータや、電解質などは、公知の材料から適宜選択して用いることができる。
　セパレータとしては、例えば、セルロース系セパレータ、ポリオレフィン系セパレータなどが挙げられる。
　電解質としては、液体、固体のいずれでもよく、また水系、非水系のいずれでもよいが、本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極は、非水系電解質を用いたデバイスに適用した場合にも実用上十分な性能を発揮させ得る。 An energy storage device according to the present invention includes the above-described electrode for an energy storage device, and more specifically includes at least a pair of positive and negative electrodes, a separator interposed between these electrodes, and an electrolyte. And at least one of the positive and negative electrodes is composed of the energy storage device electrode described above.
Since this energy storage device is characterized by the use of the above-described electrode for energy storage device as an electrode, other device constituent members such as separators and electrolytes may be appropriately selected from known materials and used. it can.
Examples of the separator include a cellulose separator and a polyolefin separator.
The electrolyte may be either liquid or solid, and may be either aqueous or non-aqueous. The electrode for an energy storage device of the present invention is practically sufficient even when applied to a device using a non-aqueous electrolyte. Performance can be demonstrated.
　非水系電解質としては、電解質塩を非水系有機溶媒に溶かしてなる非水系電解液が挙げられる。
　電解質塩としては、４フッ化硼酸リチウム、６フッ化リン酸リチウム、過塩素酸リチウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸リチウム等のリチウム塩；テトラメチルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、テトラエチルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、テトラプロピルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、メチルトリエチルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、テトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート、テトラエチルアンモニウムパークロレート等の４級アンモニウム塩、リチウムビス（トリフルオロメタンスルホニル）イミド、リチウムビス（フルオロスルホニル）イミド等のリチウムイミドなどが挙げられる。
　非水系有機溶媒としては、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート等のアルキレンカーボネート；ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等のジアルキルカーボネート；アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類などが挙げられる。 Examples of the non-aqueous electrolyte include a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous organic solvent.
Examples of electrolyte salts include lithium salts such as lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetrapropylammonium hexa Quaternary ammonium salts such as fluorophosphate, methyltriethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, lithium imides such as lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, etc. It is done.
Examples of the non-aqueous organic solvent include alkylene carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; nitriles such as acetonitrile; and amides such as dimethylformamide. .
　エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの形態は特に限定されるものではなく、円筒型、扁平巻回角型、積層角型、コイン型、扁平巻回ラミネート型、積層ラミネート型等の従来公知の各種形態のセルを採用することができる。
　コイン型に適用する場合、上述した本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を、所定の円盤状に打ち抜いて用いればよい。
　例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池は、コインセルのワッシャーとスペーサーが溶接されたフタに、一方の電極を設置し、その上に、電解液を含浸させた同形状のセパレータを重ね、さらに上から、電極合材層を下にして本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を重ね、ケースとガスケットを載せて、コインセルかしめ機で密封して作製することができる。 The form of the energy storage device is not particularly limited, and conventionally known various types of cells such as a cylindrical type, a flat wound square type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat wound laminated type, and a laminated laminate type are adopted. can do.
When applied to a coin type, the above-described electrode for an energy storage device of the present invention may be used by punching it into a predetermined disk shape.
For example, in a lithium ion secondary battery, one electrode is placed on a lid to which a washer and a spacer of a coin cell are welded, and a separator of the same shape impregnated with an electrolytic solution is stacked thereon. The energy storage device electrode of the present invention can be overlaid with the composite material layer facing down, a case and a gasket can be placed thereon, and sealed with a coin cell caulking machine.
　積層ラミネート型に適用する場合、電極合材層がアンダーコート層表面の一部または全面に形成された電極における、電極合材層が形成されていない部分（溶接部）で金属タブと溶接して得られた電極構造体を用いればよい。なお、アンダーコート層が形成され、かつ、電極合材層が形成されていない部分で溶接する場合、集電体の一面あたりのアンダーコート層の目付量を好ましくは０．１ｇ／ｍ2以下、より好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｍ2以下、より一層好ましくは０．０５ｇ／ｍ2未満とする。
　この場合、電極構造体を構成する電極は一枚でも複数枚でもよいが、一般的には、正負極とも複数枚が用いられる。
　正極を形成するための複数枚の電極は、負極を形成するための複数枚の電極と、一枚ずつ交互に重ねることが好ましく、その際、正極と負極の間には上述したセパレータを介在させることが好ましい。
　金属タブは、複数枚の電極の最も外側の電極の溶接部で溶接しても、複数枚の電極のうち、任意の隣接する２枚の電極の溶接部間に金属タブを挟んで溶接してもよい。 When applied to the laminated laminate type, the electrode mixture layer is welded to the metal tab at the portion where the electrode mixture layer is not formed (welded part) in the electrode formed on part or the entire surface of the undercoat layer. The obtained electrode structure may be used. In the case where welding is performed at a portion where the undercoat layer is formed and the electrode mixture layer is not formed, the basis weight of the undercoat layer per surface of the current collector is preferably 0.1 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 0.09 g / m 2 or less, even more preferably less than 0.05 g / m 2.
In this case, one or a plurality of electrodes constituting the electrode structure may be used, but generally a plurality of positive and negative electrodes are used.
The plurality of electrodes for forming the positive electrode are preferably alternately stacked one by one with the plurality of electrodes for forming the negative electrode, and the separator described above is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It is preferable.
Even if the metal tab is welded at the welded portion of the outermost electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the metal tab is welded with the metal tab sandwiched between the welded portions of any two adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes. Also good.
　金属タブの材質は、一般的にエネルギー貯蔵デバイスに使用されるものであれば、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ニッケル、アルミニウム、チタン、銅などの金属；ステンレススチール、ニッケル合金、アルミニウム合金、チタン合金、銅合金などの合金などが挙げられるが、溶接効率を考慮すると、アルミニウム、銅およびニッケルから選ばれる少なくとも１種の金属を含んで構成されるものが好ましい。
　金属タブの形状は、箔状が好ましく、その厚さは０．０５～１ｍｍ程度が好ましい。 The material of the metal tab is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for energy storage devices. For example, metal such as nickel, aluminum, titanium, copper; stainless steel, nickel alloy, aluminum alloy An alloy such as a titanium alloy or a copper alloy can be used, but in view of welding efficiency, an alloy including at least one metal selected from aluminum, copper and nickel is preferable.
The shape of the metal tab is preferably a foil shape, and the thickness is preferably about 0.05 to 1 mm.
　溶接方法は、金属同士の溶接に用いられる公知の方法を用いることができ、その具体例としては、ＴＩＧ溶接、スポット溶接、レーザー溶接、超音波溶接などが挙げられるが、超音波溶接にて電極と金属タブとを接合することが好ましい。
　超音波溶接の手法としては、例えば、複数枚の電極をアンビルとホーンとの間に配置し、溶接部に金属タブを配置して超音波をかけて一括して溶接する手法や、電極同士を先に溶接し、その後、金属タブを溶接する手法などが挙げられる。
　本発明では、いずれの手法でも、金属タブと電極とが上記溶接部で溶接されるだけでなく、複数枚の電極同士も互いに超音波溶接されることになる。
　溶接時の圧力、周波数、出力、処理時間等は、特に限定されるものではなく、用いる材料やアンダーコート層の有無、目付量などを考慮して適宜設定すればよい。
　以上のようにして作製した電極構造体を、ラミネートパックに収納し、上述した電解液を注入した後、ヒートシールすることでラミネートセルが得られる。 As a welding method, a known method used for metal-to-metal welding can be used. Specific examples thereof include TIG welding, spot welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, and the like. It is preferable to join the metal tab.
As a technique of ultrasonic welding, for example, a plurality of electrodes are arranged between an anvil and a horn, a metal tab is arranged in a welded portion, and ultrasonic welding is applied to collect a plurality of electrodes. The technique of welding first and then welding a metal tab is mentioned.
In the present invention, in any of the methods, the metal tab and the electrode are not only welded at the welded portion, but a plurality of electrodes are also ultrasonically welded to each other.
The pressure, frequency, output, processing time, and the like during welding are not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate in consideration of the material used, the presence or absence of the undercoat layer, the basis weight, and the like.
The electrode structure produced as described above is housed in a laminate pack, and after injecting the above-described electrolyte, heat sealing is performed to obtain a laminate cell.
　以下、実施例および比較例を挙げて、本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、用いた装置は以下のとおりである。
（１）プローブ型超音波照射装置（分散処理）
　Ｈｉｅｌｓｃｈｅｒ　Ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｎｉｃｓ社製、ＵＩＰ１０００
（２）ワイヤーバーコーター（アンダーコート層形成）
　（株）エスエムテー製、ＰＭ－９０５０ＭＣ
（３）ホモディスパー（電極スラリーの混合）
　プライミクス（株）製、Ｔ．Ｋ．ロボミックス（ホモディスパー２．５型（φ３２）付き）
（４）薄膜旋回型高速ミキサー（電極スラリーの混合）
　プライミクス（株）製、フィルミクス４０型
（５）自転・公転ミキサー（電極スラリーの脱泡）
　（株）シンキー製、あわとり練太郎（ＡＲＥ－３１０）
（６）ロールプレス機（電極の圧縮）
　有限会社タクミ技研製、ＳＡ－６０２
（７）充放電測定装置（二次電池評価）
　東洋システム（株）製、ＴＯＳＣＡＴ－３１００
（８）コインセルかしめ機
　宝泉（株）製、手動コインカシメ機ＣＲ２０３２
（９）透過型電子顕微鏡（ＣＮＴの直径の測定）
　（株）日立製作所製、Ｈ－８０００
測定条件
　加速電圧：２００ｋＶ
　倍率：７０，０００倍 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated more concretely, this invention is not limited to the following Example. In addition, the apparatus used is as follows.
(1) Probe-type ultrasonic irradiation device (dispersion processing)
Hielscher Ultrasonics, UIP1000
(2) Wire bar coater (undercoat layer formation)
PM-9050MC, manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd.
(3) Homo disperser (mixing of electrode slurry)
Manufactured by Primics Co., Ltd. K. Robomix (with Homodisper 2.5 type (φ32))
(4) Thin film swirl type high speed mixer (mixing of electrode slurry)
Primics Co., Ltd., filmics type 40 (5) Rotating / revolving mixer (defoaming electrode slurry)
Shintaro Awatori (ARE-310), manufactured by Shinky Corporation
(6) Roll press machine (electrode compression)
SA-602, manufactured by Takumi Giken Co., Ltd.
(7) Charge / discharge measuring device (secondary battery evaluation)
TOSCAT-3100 manufactured by Toyo System Co., Ltd.
(8) Coin cell caulking machine, made by Hosen Co., Ltd., manual coin caulking machine CR2032
(9) Transmission electron microscope (measurement of CNT diameter)
H-8000, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
Measurement conditions Acceleration voltage: 200 kV
Magnification: 70,000 times
［１］アンダーコート液の調製
［実施例１－１］
　分散剤としてオキサゾリンポリマーを含む水溶液であるエポクロスＷＳ－３００（（株）日本触媒製、固形分濃度１０質量％、重量平均分子量１．２×１０5、オキサゾリン基量７．７ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ）５．０ｇと、純水３７．１５ｇと、２－プロパノール（純正化学（株）製、試薬特級）７．３５ｇとを混合し、さらにそこへＣＮＴであるＴＣ－２０１０（戸田工業（株）製、多層ＣＮＴ）０．５ｇを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて３０分間超音波処理を行い均一にＣＮＴが分散した分散液を調製した。
　これに、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム（ＰＡＡ－ＮＨ4）を含む水溶液であるアロンＡ－３０（東亞合成（株）、固形分濃度３１．６質量％）１．２ｇと、純水４１．３５ｇと、２－プロパノール（純正化学（株）製、試薬特級）７．４４ｇを混合して、アンダーコート液（固形分濃度１．３８質量％）を調製した。 [1] Preparation of undercoat solution [Example 1-1]
4. Epocros WS-300 (made by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., solid concentration 10% by weight, weight average molecular weight 1.2 × 10 5 , oxazoline group amount 7.7 mmol / g) which is an aqueous solution containing an oxazoline polymer as a dispersant. 0 g, 37.15 g of pure water and 7.35 g of 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent grade), and CNT-TC-2010 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., multilayer) CNT) 0.5 g was mixed. The obtained mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes using a probe type ultrasonic irradiation device to prepare a dispersion in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
To this, 1.2 g of Aron A-30 (Toagosei Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 31.6% by mass) which is an aqueous solution containing ammonium polyacrylate (PAA-NH 4 ), 41.35 g of pure water, 7.44 g of 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent special grade) was mixed to prepare an undercoat liquid (solid content concentration: 1.38% by mass).
［実施例１－２］
　ＣＮＴを、ＶＧＣＦ－Ｘ（昭和電工（株）製、多層ＣＮＴ）に変更した以外は、実施例１－１と同様の方法でアンダーコート液を調製した。 [Example 1-2]
An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to VGCF-X (manufactured by Showa Denko KK, multilayer CNT).
［実施例１－３］
　ＣＮＴを、Ｃ－１００（アルケマ社製、多層ＣＮＴ）に変更した以外は、実施例１－１と同様の方法でアンダーコート液を調製した。 [Example 1-3]
An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that CNT was changed to C-100 (manufactured by Arkema Co., Ltd., multilayer CNT).
［実施例１－４］
　ＣＮＴを、ＡＭＣ（宇部興産（株）製、多層ＣＮＴ）に変更した以外は、実施例１－１と同様の方法でアンダーコート液を調製した。 [Example 1-4]
An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to AMC (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., multilayer CNT).
［比較例１－１］
　ＣＮＴを、Ｂａｙｔｕｂｅｓ（ＢＡＹＥＲ社製、多層ＣＮＴ）に変更した以外は、実施例１－１と同様の方法でアンダーコート液を調製した。 [Comparative Example 1-1]
An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to Baytubes (multilayer CNT manufactured by BAYER).
［比較例１－２］
　ＣＮＴを、ＥＣ６００ＪＤ（ライオン（株）製、ケッチェンブラック）に変更した以外は、実施例１－１と同様の方法でアンダーコート液を調製した。 [Comparative Example 1-2]
An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to EC600JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation, Ketjen Black).
［比較例１－３］
　ＣＮＴを、デンカブラック（デンカ（株）製、カーボンブラック）に変更した以外は、実施例１－１と同様の方法でアンダーコート液を調製した。 [Comparative Example 1-3]
An undercoat solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that CNT was changed to Denka Black (manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd., carbon black).
　上記で使用した各ＣＮＴの平均直径は、以下の手順で測定した。
　ＣＮＴ０．５ｇと、純水４２．０８ｇと、２－プロパノール（純正化学（株）製、試薬特級）７．４３ｇとを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて１０分間の超音波処理を行い、ＣＮＴの粉末を溶媒中で解砕処理して微粒子化した。得られた混合物は不均一であったが、これをカーボン支持膜付グリッドに滴下し、室温で１０分乾燥させた。これを透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）にて、加速電圧２００ｋＶで観察し、無作為に４本のＣＮＴを倍率７０，０００倍にて撮影した。ＣＮＴの直径は、撮影した画像を元に直接測定した。ＣＮＴ１本につき無作為に５点で直径の測定を行い、計２０点の測定値から平均値と標準偏差を求めた。結果を表１に示す。また、ＣＮＴを撮影した画像は、図２～６に示した。 The average diameter of each CNT used above was measured by the following procedure.
0.5 g of CNT, 42.08 g of pure water, and 7.43 g of 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent special grade) were mixed. The obtained mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes using a probe type ultrasonic irradiation device, and the CNT powder was pulverized in a solvent to form fine particles. Although the obtained mixture was heterogeneous, it was dropped on a grid with a carbon support film and dried at room temperature for 10 minutes. This was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, and four CNTs were randomly photographed at a magnification of 70,000. The diameter of the CNT was directly measured based on the photographed image. The diameter was measured at 5 points at random for each CNT, and an average value and a standard deviation were obtained from the measured values at 20 points in total. The results are shown in Table 1. Also, images obtained by photographing CNTs are shown in FIGS.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
［２］電極および二次電池の製造
［実施例２－１］
　実施例１－１のアンダーコート液を、集電体であるアルミニウム箔（厚み１５μｍ）にワイヤーバーコーター（ＯＳＰ－１３、ウェット膜厚１３μｍ）で均一に展開した後、１５０℃で３０分間乾燥してアンダーコート層を形成して、アンダーコート箔を作製した。
　アンダーコート箔を５×１０ｃｍに切り出したものを２０枚用意し、質量を測定後、２－プロパノールと水の１：１（質量比）混合液を染み込ませた紙でアンダーコート層を擦り落とした金属箔の質量を測定し、擦り落とす前後の質量差から算出したアンダーコート層の目付量は、１５０ｍｇ／ｍ2であった。 [2] Production of electrode and secondary battery [Example 2-1]
The undercoat liquid of Example 1-1 was uniformly spread on an aluminum foil (thickness 15 μm) as a current collector with a wire bar coater (OSP-13, wet film thickness 13 μm), and then dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. An undercoat layer was formed to prepare an undercoat foil.
20 sheets of undercoat foil cut into 5 × 10 cm were prepared. After measuring the mass, the undercoat layer was scraped off with a paper soaked with a 1: 1 (mass ratio) mixture of 2-propanol and water. The mass of the metal foil was measured, and the basis weight of the undercoat layer calculated from the difference in mass before and after scraping was 150 mg / m 2 .
　活物質としてリン酸鉄リチウム（ＬＦＰ、Ａｌｅｅｅｓ社製）３１．８４ｇ、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶｄＦ）のＮＭＰ溶液（１２質量％、（株）クレハ、ＫＦポリマー　Ｌ＃１１２０）１３．０５ｇ、導電材としてデンカブラック１．３９ｇおよびＮ－メチルピロリドン（ＮＭＰ）１３．７２ｇを、ホモディスパーにて８，０００ｒｐｍで１分間混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速２０ｍ／秒で６０秒の混合処理をし、さらに自転・公転ミキサーにて２，２００ｒｐｍで３０秒脱泡することで、電極スラリー（固形分濃度５８質量％、ＬＦＰ：ＰＶｄＦ：ＡＢ＝９１．５：４．５：４（質量比））を調製した。
　得られた電極スラリーを、先に作製したアンダーコート箔に均一（ウェット膜厚１００μｍ）に展開後、８０℃で３０分間、次いで１２０℃で３０分間乾燥してアンダーコート層上に電極合材層を形成し、さらにロールプレス機で圧着することで電極を作製した。 31.84 g of lithium iron phosphate (LFP, manufactured by Alees) as an active material, 13.05 g of an NMP solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder (12% by mass, Kureha Co., Ltd., KF polymer L # 1120), conductive As materials, 1.39 g of Denka black and 13.72 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) were mixed with a homodisper at 8,000 rpm for 1 minute. Next, the slurry was mixed for 60 seconds at a peripheral speed of 20 m / sec using a thin-film swirl type high-speed mixer, and further defoamed at 2,200 rpm for 30 seconds with a rotating / revolving mixer, so that the electrode slurry (solid content concentration 58 Mass%, LFP: PVdF: AB = 91.5: 4.5: 4 (mass ratio)).
The obtained electrode slurry was spread uniformly on the previously prepared undercoat foil (wet film thickness 100 μm), then dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, then at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the electrode mixture layer on the undercoat layer Then, the electrode was produced by pressure bonding with a roll press.
　得られた電極から、直径１０ｍｍの円盤状の電極を４枚打ち抜き、電極層の質量（打ち抜いた電極の質量から、電極未塗工部を直径１０ｍｍに打ち抜いたものの質量を差し引いたもの）、および電極層厚み（打ち抜いた電極の厚みから、基材の厚みを引いたもの）を測定し、１２０℃で１５時間真空乾燥し、アルゴンで満たされたグローブボックスに移した。
　２０３２型のコインセル（宝泉（株）製）のワッシャーとスペーサーが溶接されたフタに、直径１４ｍｍに打ち抜いたリチウム箔（本荘ケミカル（株）製、厚み０．１７ｍｍ）を６枚重ねたものを設置し、その上に、電解液（キシダ化学（株）製、エチレンカーボネート：ジエチルカーボネート＝１：１（体積比）、電解質であるリチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートを１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ含む）を２４時間以上染み込ませた、直径１６ｍｍに打ち抜いたセパレータ（セルガード（株）製、セルガード♯２４００）を一枚重ねた。さらに上から、活物質を塗布した面を下にして電極を重ねた。電解液を１滴滴下した後、ケースとガスケットを載せて、コインセルかしめ機で密封した。その後、２４時間静置し、試験用の二次電池を４個作製した。 Four disc-shaped electrodes having a diameter of 10 mm are punched from the obtained electrode, and the mass of the electrode layer (subtracting the mass of the punched electrode from the punched electrode uncoated portion to a diameter of 10 mm), and The thickness of the electrode layer (thickness of the punched electrode minus the thickness of the substrate) was measured, vacuum dried at 120 ° C. for 15 hours, and transferred to a glove box filled with argon.
A stack of 2032-type coin cell (made by Hosen Co., Ltd.) washer and spacer welded with 6 sheets of lithium foil (Honjo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 0.17 mm) punched out to a diameter of 14 mm. Installed on it, soaked with electrolyte (made by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate = 1: 1 (volume ratio), 1 mol / L of lithium hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte) for 24 hours or more. A separator punched to a diameter of 16 mm (Celguard # 2400, manufactured by Celgard Co., Ltd.) was stacked one by one. Further, the electrodes were stacked from the top with the surface coated with the active material facing down. After dropping one drop of the electrolyte, a case and a gasket were placed and sealed with a coin cell caulking machine. Then, it left still for 24 hours and produced the secondary battery for a test.
［実施例２－２～２－４、比較例２－１～２－３］
　実施例１－１のアンダーコート液の代わりに、それぞれ実施例１－２～１－４、比較例１－１～１－３で得られたアンダーコート液を用いた以外は、実施例２－１と同様にして、アンダーコート箔および二次電池を作製した。 [Examples 2-2 to 2-4, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3]
Instead of the undercoat liquid of Example 1-1, Example 2 was used except that the undercoat liquids obtained in Examples 1-2 to 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 were used. In the same manner as in Example 1, an undercoat foil and a secondary battery were produced.
［比較例２－４］
　集電体として無垢のアルミニウム箔を用いた以外は、実施例２－１と同様にして試験用の二次電池を作製した。 [Comparative Example 2-4]
A test secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that a solid aluminum foil was used as the current collector.
　実施例２－１～２－４および比較例２－１～２－４で作製した二次電池の特性を評価した。正極におけるアンダーコート箔が電池に及ぼす影響を評価することを目的として、充放電測定装置を用いて電池のエージング、直流抵抗測定、サイクル特性評価、直流抵抗測定の順番にて、表２に示す条件で充放電試験を行った。得られた結果を表３に示す。 The characteristics of the secondary batteries produced in Examples 2-1 to 2-4 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-4 were evaluated. For the purpose of evaluating the influence of the undercoat foil on the positive electrode on the battery, the conditions shown in Table 2 are used in the order of battery aging, DC resistance measurement, cycle characteristic evaluation, and DC resistance measurement using a charge / discharge measuring device. A charge / discharge test was conducted. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000009
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000009
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000010
 ・終始条件：２－４．５Ｖ
・温度：室温
・放電電圧：ステップ２および４において、各放電条件時の実放電容量を１００％とし、１０％放電した時点での電圧を放電電圧とした。
・直流抵抗測定：４個の試験用電池につき、ステップ２および４において、各放電条件時の電流値と放電電圧から直流抵抗を算出し、その平均値を求めた。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000010
・ Starting condition: 2-4.5V
-Temperature: Room temperature-Discharge voltage: In steps 2 and 4, the actual discharge capacity under each discharge condition was 100%, and the voltage at the time of 10% discharge was taken as the discharge voltage.
DC resistance measurement: DC resistance was calculated from the current value and discharge voltage under each discharge condition in Steps 2 and 4 for four test batteries, and the average value was obtained.
　表３に示されるように、実施例２－１～２－４で作製された二次電池では、アンダーコート層を形成するＣＮＴとして、本発明に規定される範囲の直径を有するＣＮＴを用いているため、比較例２－１～２－４で作製された電池に比較して、電池の直流抵抗が低く、かつサイクル試験後の抵抗の上昇も抑制されていることがわかる。
　なお、理由は定かではないが、本発明に規定される範囲の平均直径を有するＣＮＴを用いた場合において、電池の直流抵抗が低くなり、サイクル試験後の抵抗の上昇が抑えられる一方で、本発明で規定される範囲から外れた平均直径を有するＣＮＴを用いた場合において、上述の抵抗が上昇することについては、以下のような理由が考えられる。
　まず、適正範囲の平均直径を有するＣＮＴを用いることで単位重量当たりのＣＮＴの本数を適度に増やすことができるため、導電性薄膜形成用組成物内を低抵抗化することができる。一方、平均直径が小さすぎる場合、ＣＮＴの比表面積が増えることでより多くのＣＮＴ分散剤が必要となり、結果として、導電性薄膜形成用組成物中におけるＣＮＴの比率が低下してしまい、高抵抗化することとなる。また、平均直径が大きすぎる場合は、溶媒中に分散させることが困難となるため、安定した導電性薄膜形成用組成物を調製することが困難になるためと考えられる。 As shown in Table 3, in the secondary batteries produced in Examples 2-1 to 2-4, CNTs having a diameter in the range defined in the present invention were used as the CNTs forming the undercoat layer. Therefore, it can be seen that the direct current resistance of the battery is low and the increase in resistance after the cycle test is suppressed as compared with the batteries manufactured in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-4.
Although the reason is not clear, in the case of using CNTs having an average diameter in the range specified in the present invention, the direct current resistance of the battery is lowered, and an increase in resistance after a cycle test is suppressed. The reason why the resistance increases in the case of using CNTs having an average diameter outside the range defined by the invention can be considered as follows.
First, since the number of CNTs per unit weight can be increased moderately by using CNTs having an average diameter in an appropriate range, the resistance in the composition for forming a conductive thin film can be reduced. On the other hand, if the average diameter is too small, more CNT dispersant is required due to an increase in the specific surface area of the CNT, and as a result, the ratio of CNT in the composition for forming a conductive thin film is reduced, resulting in high resistance. Will be. Moreover, since it will become difficult to disperse | distribute in a solvent when an average diameter is too large, it will be considered that it becomes difficult to prepare the composition for stable electroconductive thin film formation.
１　平行部
２　平行部のチューブ外径
３　くびれ部
４　くびれ部のチューブ外径 1 Parallel part 2 Tube outer diameter of parallel part 3 Constriction part 4 Tube outer diameter of constriction part

Claims (21)

  1. 　カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノチューブ分散剤、および溶媒を含み、
    　上記カーボンナノチューブの平均直径が５～２３ｎｍであることを特徴とする導電性薄膜形成用組成物。     Including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube dispersant, and solvent,
    A composition for forming a conductive thin film, wherein the carbon nanotube has an average diameter of 5 to 23 nm.
  2. 　上記平均直径が、５～２２．５ｎｍである請求項１記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter is 5 to 22.5 nm.
  3. 　上記平均直径の標準偏差が、４ｎｍ以下である請求項１または２記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the standard deviation of the average diameter is 4 nm or less.
  4. 　上記平均直径の標準偏差が、３．５ｎｍ以下である請求項３記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to claim 3, wherein the standard deviation of the average diameter is 3.5 nm or less.
  5. 　固形分濃度が、２０質量％以下である請求項１～４のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solid content concentration is 20% by mass or less.
  6. 　上記固形分濃度が、１５質量％以下である請求項５記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to claim 5, wherein the solid content concentration is 15% by mass or less.
  7. 　上記固形分濃度が、１０質量％以下である請求項６記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to claim 6, wherein the solid content concentration is 10% by mass or less.
  8. 　上記溶媒が、水を含む請求項１～７のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the solvent contains water.
  9. 　上記溶媒が、アルコールを含む請求項１～８のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solvent contains alcohol.
  10. 　上記溶媒が、水とアルコールとの混合溶媒である請求項１～９のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the solvent is a mixed solvent of water and alcohol.
  11. 　上記分散剤が、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマーまたはトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーを含む請求項１～１０のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 11. The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant contains a polymer having an oxazoline group in a side chain or a triarylamine-based hyperbranched polymer.
  12. 　エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのアンダーコート層用である請求項１～１１のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物。 The composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is used for an undercoat layer of an energy storage device.
  13. 　請求項１～１１のいずれか１項記載の導電性薄膜形成用組成物から得られるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層。 An undercoat layer for an energy storage device obtained from the composition for forming a conductive thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
  14. 　目付量が、１，０００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である請求項１３記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層。 The undercoat layer for an energy storage device according to claim 13, wherein the basis weight is 1,000 mg / m 2 or less.
  15. 　上記目付量が、５００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である請求項１４記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層。 The undercoat layer for an energy storage device according to claim 14, wherein the basis weight is 500 mg / m 2 or less.
  16. 　上記目付量が、３００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である請求項１５記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層。 The undercoat layer for an energy storage device according to claim 15, wherein the basis weight is 300 mg / m 2 or less.
  17. 　上記目付量が、２００ｍｇ／ｍ2以下である請求項１６記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用アンダーコート層。 The undercoat layer for an energy storage device according to claim 16, wherein the basis weight is 200 mg / m 2 or less.
  18. 　請求項１３～１７のいずれか１項記載のアンダーコート層を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体。 A composite current collector for an electrode of an energy storage device, comprising the undercoat layer according to any one of claims 13 to 17.
  19. 　請求項１８記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。 An electrode for an energy storage device comprising the composite current collector for an electrode of the energy storage device according to claim 18.
  20. 　請求項１９記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。 An energy storage device comprising the electrode for an energy storage device according to claim 19.
  21. 　リチウムイオン電池である請求項２０記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。 The energy storage device according to claim 20, which is a lithium ion battery.
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WO2021256487A1 (en) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス株式会社 Resin composition, molded body, electromagnetic wave absorber, and method for measuring absorption rate of resin composition

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111524718A (en) * 2020-04-11 2020-08-11 中南民族大学 Method for preparing asymmetric supercapacitor by using hydrophilic carbon nanotube film and hyperbranched polymer as double templates
CN111524718B (en) * 2020-04-11 2021-07-13 中南民族大学 Method for preparing asymmetric supercapacitor by using hydrophilic carbon nanotube film and hyperbranched polymer as double templates
WO2021256487A1 (en) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス株式会社 Resin composition, molded body, electromagnetic wave absorber, and method for measuring absorption rate of resin composition

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