WO2019186875A1 - Matériau absorbant de gaz combustible - Google Patents

Matériau absorbant de gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019186875A1
WO2019186875A1 PCT/JP2018/013177 JP2018013177W WO2019186875A1 WO 2019186875 A1 WO2019186875 A1 WO 2019186875A1 JP 2018013177 W JP2018013177 W JP 2018013177W WO 2019186875 A1 WO2019186875 A1 WO 2019186875A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel gas
carbon
gas
absorbent
silica gel
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PCT/JP2018/013177
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
淳 金子
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栗田工業株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2019186875A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019186875A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel gas absorbent, and more particularly to a fuel gas absorbent suitable for absorbing a fuel gas containing an odorant.
  • the air-fuel mixture is not supplied to the city gas supply line, but is continuously ventilated until the combustion calories rise to ignitable. At that time, it is obliged to gas-process the air-fuel mixture in advance.
  • Patent Document 1 As such a gas absorbing material at the time of transferring the fuel gas, one using activated carbon is well known (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2).
  • activated carbon gas absorbers can absorb these odorant components.
  • activated carbon has a problem that the gas absorption performance is deteriorated due to moisture mixed in a trace amount in the fuel gas.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel gas absorbent material suitable for absorbing fuel gas containing an odorant.
  • the present invention provides a fuel gas absorbent material having a fine granular carbon-based absorbent material, a carbon fiber material, and silica gel (Invention 1).
  • the fine granular carbon-based absorbent can suitably absorb the fuel gas component. Further, since the moisture in the aerated fuel gas can be absorbed by the silica gel, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the absorption performance of the fuel gas component. Furthermore, a trace amount of fuel gas in which the carbon fiber material remains can be quickly absorbed. By these, the performance outstanding as a fuel gas absorber can be exhibited.
  • the fuel gas is preferably methane gas, propane gas, butane gas, or a mixed gas containing these gases as a main component (Invention 2).
  • invention 2 it is possible to suitably cope with absorption of methane gas, propane gas, butane gas, or a mixed gas containing these gases as main components, which are generally distributed as fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas preferably contains an odorant (Invention 3).
  • the fine carbon-based absorbent material contains the fuel gas component and the odorant, and the trace amount of fuel in which the carbon fiber material remains. Gas components and odorants can be absorbed. Furthermore, since the moisture in the aerated fuel gas can be absorbed by the silica gel, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the absorption performance of the fuel gas component and the odorant.
  • the fine particulate carbon-based absorbent has an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 5 mm, an average pore diameter of 10 to 30 mm, and a pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 10 mm or more. Is preferably 0.5 mL / g or less (Invention 4).
  • invention 4 having these physical properties makes it suitable for absorbing general-purpose fuel gas such as methane gas and propane gas.
  • the fine carbon-based absorbent is 50 to 94% by weight
  • the carbon fiber material is 0.5 to 20% by weight
  • the silica gel is 5 to 30% by weight.
  • the absorption capacity of the fuel gas component by the fine-grained carbon-based absorbent the absorption capacity of moisture in the aerated fuel gas by silica gel, and the remaining amount of fuel gas in the carbon fiber material
  • a rapid absorption ability can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner, and the fuel gas can be excellent as an absorbent material.
  • the fine granular carbon absorbent is a bromine-impregnated supported activated carbon (Invention 6).
  • invention 6 by using activated carbon that has been subjected to such treatment, when the fuel gas component and the odorant are contained, the odorant can be absorbed quickly and reliably. .
  • invention 7 when the fuel gas component and the odorant are contained in the first layer, the moisture contained in the odorant and the fuel gas is absorbed, and from the first layer Even if the fuel gas component or odorant leaks, if the second layer contains a small amount of fuel gas component or odorant, the odorant can be quickly absorbed. When an odorant is included, it is possible to prevent the odorant from leaking to the outside.
  • the first layer absorbs a small amount of water contained in the fuel gas, and when the second layer contains a fuel gas component and an odorant, the odorant is absorbed.
  • the second layer contains a fuel gas component and an odorant
  • the odorant is absorbed.
  • the third layer can be absorbed quickly by the third layer. It is possible to suppress leakage of the odorant to the outside.
  • the fuel gas absorbing material of the present invention includes a fine granular carbon-based absorbing material, a carbon fiber material, and silica gel
  • the fuel gas component can be suitably absorbed.
  • the fuel gas component contains an odorant
  • the odorant can also be suitably absorbed.
  • a trace amount of water contained in the fuel gas can be absorbed, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the absorption performance of the fuel gas component and the odorant.
  • FIG. 1 It is the schematic which shows the gas absorptive capacity confirmation apparatus of the fuel gas absorber of Example 1 and Example 2.
  • FIG. 1 It is a graph which shows the combustion calorie of the inlet of an adsorption
  • the fuel gas absorbing material of the present embodiment is composed of a fine granular carbon-based absorbing material, a carbon fiber material, and silica gel. Hereinafter, each component will be described.
  • Fine granular activated carbon graphite, carbon black, fullerene, nanocarbon, or the like can be used as the fine granular carbon absorbent.
  • fine granular activated carbon is preferable.
  • This fine granular carbon-based absorbent generally has adsorbable molecule selectivity depending on pore diameter and polarity. Therefore, by adjusting the pore diameter and polarity, it can be made suitable for the fuel gas to be adsorbed such as methane gas, propane gas, and butane gas.
  • the fine carbon-based absorbent material preferably has an average pore diameter of 10 to 30 mm, and the pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 10 mm or more is 0.5 mL / g or less. If the average pore diameter is larger than 30 mm, it will be difficult to hold the adsorbed fuel gas, whereas if it is smaller than 10 mm, it will be difficult to adsorb the fuel gas.
  • the pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 10 mm or more is larger than 0.5 mL / g, the pore size distribution is too broad and the fuel gas absorption selectivity is deteriorated.
  • the lower limit of the pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 10 mm or more is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.1 mL / g or less.
  • the fine granular carbon-based absorbent is provided with polarity by adjusting the surface functional groups so as to easily adsorb fuel gas such as methane gas, propane gas and butane gas. Adjustment of the surface functional group of the fine granular carbon absorbent can be performed by activating the fine granular carbon absorbent with carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas or argon gas.
  • the surface of the untreated (initial state) fine-grained carbon-based absorbent is a carboxyl group or a phenol-based hydroxyl group, but all or part of the surface is activated by carbon dioxide gas, so that all or a part thereof is —CH terminal. It can be.
  • This bromine-impregnated activated carbon removes moisture and chloride contained in the activated carbon by, for example, heat-treating the activated carbon at 500 to 1000 ° C. in the absence of oxygen, and bromine is about 3 to 20% by weight in the obtained activated carbon. It can be obtained by attaching.
  • the fine-grained carbon-based absorbent has a surface area of 700 to 1400 m 2 / g, preferably 900 to 1200 m 2 / g. Further, the pore volume of the fine granular carbon-based absorbent is preferably 0.3 to 1.1 mL / g, particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.6 mL / g.
  • activated carbon fibers such as rayon, PAN, and phenol can be used as the carbon fiber material. Since this activated carbon fiber has a small fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m and a large apparent surface area, its adsorption rate is about 100 to 1000 times that of activated carbon, which is a fine-grained carbon-based absorbent. It is effective. On the other hand, although the adsorption amount per unit weight is about 1.5 to 10 times that of activated carbon, the bulk density is very large compared to activated carbon, so a large volume is required when used in large quantities. Become. As these activated carbon fibers, those having a surface area of 1500 or more can be appropriately selected and used.
  • the silica gel is a substance obtained by dehydrating and drying a silicate gel obtained by hydrolysis of an acid component generated by leaving an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ), for example, SiO 2 ⁇ nH it is represented by the composition formula of the 2 O.
  • Na 2 SiO 3 sodium metasilicate
  • the proportion of the fine granular carbon-based absorbent, the carbon fiber material, and the silica gel as described above is 50 to 94% by weight, particularly 80 to 90% by weight for the fine granular carbon absorbent, and 0.5% for the carbon fiber material. It is preferably 20 to 20% by weight, particularly 1.5 to 10% by weight, and the silica gel is preferably 5 to 30% by weight, particularly 5 to 15% by weight. If the fine carbon-based absorbent is less than 50% by weight, the amount of fuel gas and odorant component that can be absorbed decreases.
  • the carbon fiber material is less than 0.5% by weight, the ability to absorb a small amount of fuel gas in a short time cannot be exhibited sufficiently, while if it exceeds 20% by weight, the volume of the obtained fuel gas absorber increases. End up. Further, if the silica gel is less than 5% by weight, it is difficult to sufficiently absorb a minute amount of water contained in the fuel gas to be treated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30% by weight, other components are relatively less. To end up. Fuel gas absorption capacity decreases.
  • the fuel gas absorbent material of the present embodiment composed of the three components as described above may be used as a single layer structure by mixing the respective components. However, as described below, it is a two-layer or three-layer structure. preferable.
  • a fuel gas absorbent having a two-layer structure is a fuel gas absorbent comprising a first layer in which fine carbonaceous absorbent and silica gel are mixed, and a carbon fiber material on the basis of the inflow side of the target fuel gas. It is possible to fill a container whose both ends are opened so as to have a two-layer structure composed of two layers.
  • the fine granular carbon-based absorbent of the first layer absorbs the fuel gas component and the odorant, and the silica gel absorbs moisture that impedes its absorption ability, so that the fine granular carbon
  • the absorptive capacity of the system absorbent can be suitably maintained.
  • Carbon fiber material is arranged in two layers, and this carbon fiber material has a very high adsorption rate, so it is possible to prevent leakage of leaked fuel gas components and odorants to the external environment in advance. It has become.
  • the fuel gas absorbent is based on the inflow side of the fuel gas to be treated as a reference, the first layer composed of silica gel, the second layer composed of fine granular carbon absorbent, carbon It can be filled in a container or the like that is open at both ends so as to have a three-layer structure composed of a third layer of fiber material.
  • the silica gel of the first layer absorbs the moisture in the fuel gas, and the fuel gas from which the moisture has been removed passes through the second layer of the fine-grained carbon-based absorbent, thereby reducing the fuel. Absorbs gas components and odorants.
  • the absorption capacity of the fine granular carbon-based absorbent can be suitably maintained. Even if the fine granular carbon-based absorbent of the second layer breaks through or the amount of inflow of the fuel gas becomes excessive, the fuel gas component or odorant leaks from the second layer.
  • Carbon fiber material is arranged in three layers, and this carbon fiber material has a very fast adsorption rate, so it is possible to prevent leakage of leaked fuel gas components and odorants to the external environment in advance. It has become.
  • the fuel gas to be absorbed is a hydrocarbon gas such as methane gas, propane gas, or butane gas, or a mixed gas containing these gases as a main component. It can be suitably applied to those containing an agent.
  • the fuel gas absorbent material of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, it is applicable to various uses such as transfer of fuel gas and conversion to low-calorie fuel gas.
  • the gas absorption capacity confirmation device 1 includes an LPG fuel gas supply device 2 and a pipe 3 having a length of 20 m and an inner diameter of 25 mm ⁇ for transferring the fuel gas ejected from the fuel gas supply device 2.
  • the side pipe 3A and the adsorption side pipe 3B are branched.
  • the combustion side pipe 3A is provided with a combustion burner 4, while the adsorption side pipe 3B is provided with an absorption unit 5 filled with an absorbent.
  • flow meters 6A and 6B are provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the absorption unit 5, respectively.
  • the piping on the outlet side of the absorption unit 5 is branched into a calorimeter 7 side and an open side.
  • 8A and 8B are switching valves for switching the flow path between the combustion burner 4 and the absorption unit 5 side
  • 9A and 9B are discharge path switching valves for switching the flow path between the calorimeter 6 side and the open side.
  • Reference numerals 10A and 10B are pressure gauges.
  • a calorimeter (not shown) is also provided on the inlet side of the absorption unit 5.
  • Example 1 Bromine impregnated activated carbon (average particle size 2.5 mm, average pore diameter 18 mm, pore volume 10 ⁇ m or more and pore volume of 0.5 mL / g or less) and silica gel are mixed to form a first layer, and activated carbon fibers
  • the fuel gas absorbing material was configured with (rayon carbon fiber) as the second layer.
  • Table 1 shows the blending ratio of the bromine-impregnated supported activated carbon, silica gel, and high-performance activated carbon fiber.
  • the fuel gas absorbing material was filled in the absorption unit 5 of the gas absorption capacity confirmation device 1 shown in FIG.
  • the gas absorption capacity confirmation device 1 closes the switching valve 8A of the gas absorption capacity confirmation device 1, opens the switching valve 8B, forms a flow path on the absorption unit 5 side, and opens the discharge path switching valve 9A.
  • the discharge path switching valve 9B is closed and a flow path is formed on the calorimeter 7 side, and in the initial state, the inside of the pipe 3 is replaced with air.
  • propane gas (LPG gas) containing a trace amount of ethyl mercaptan as an odorant is supplied from the fuel gas supply device 2 at a flow rate shown in Table 1, and the amount of combustion gas flowing through the inlet side and outlet side of the absorption unit 5 was measured.
  • LPG gas propane gas
  • the fuel gas absorbent of Example 1 composed of bromine-impregnated activated carbon, silica gel and activated carbon fiber can absorb the propane component for 105 minutes.
  • concentration of the odorant component ethyl mercaptan
  • GASTEC detector tube Mercaptan No. 70L
  • ND limit of detection
  • Example 2 In Example 1, the composition was changed as shown in Table 1 to form a two-layer fuel gas absorbent, and propane gas (LPG gas) containing a trace amount of ethyl mercaptan as an odorant was shown in Table 1. The amount of heat of the combustion gas flowing through the inlet side and outlet side of the absorption unit 5 was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
  • the fuel gas absorbent of Example 2 composed of bromine-impregnated activated carbon, silica gel, and activated carbon fiber can absorb the propane component for about 16 minutes even under severe conditions of 10 L / min. I understand that I can do it. And when the concentration of the odorant component (ethyl mercaptan) was measured with a GASTEC detector tube (Mercaptan No. 70L), it was out of detection limit (ND) until 18 minutes, and it was confirmed that it has the ability to absorb odorant components. did it.
  • the concentration of the odorant component ethyl mercaptan
  • GASTEC detector tube Mercaptan No. 70L

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un matériau absorbant de gaz combustible comprenant un matériau absorbant à base de charbon particulaire fin, un matériau de fibre de carbone et un gel de silice. Le charbon actif particulaire fin peut être utilisé en tant que matériau absorbant à base de charbon particulaire fin. Le matériau absorbant à base de charbon particulaire fin est de préférence formé en tant que charbon actif supportant du brome fixé, en fixant le brome à la surface de celui-ci, pour améliorer l'adsorption sélective du gaz combustible. Des fibres de carbone activées peuvent être utilisées en tant que matériau de fibre de carbone. Les proportions du matériau absorbant à base de charbon particulaire fin, du matériau de fibre de carbone et du gel de silice sont de préférence de 50 à 94 % en poids du matériau absorbant à base de charbon particulaire fin, 0,5 à 20 % en poids du matériau de fibre de carbone, et 5 à 30 % en poids du gel de silice. Le matériau absorbant de gaz combustible a de préférence une structure à deux couches ou à trois couches. Le matériau absorbant de gaz combustible selon l'invention permet d'absorber de manière appropriée un gaz combustible contenant une substance odorante.
PCT/JP2018/013177 2018-03-26 2018-03-29 Matériau absorbant de gaz combustible WO2019186875A1 (fr)

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JP2018-058536 2018-03-26
JP2018058536 2018-03-26

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996033801A1 (fr) * 1995-04-27 1996-10-31 Nippon Sanso Corporation Adsorbant charbonneux, son procede de production, et technique et appareil pour la separation de gaz
JP2001187339A (ja) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-10 Toyota Motor Corp 炭化水素吸蔵材
JP2003024776A (ja) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-28 Japan Energy Corp ガス着臭剤の除去方法およびそれに用いる吸着剤
JP2003222298A (ja) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-08 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 天然ガスの吸着貯蔵装置および吸着貯蔵方法
JP2009108871A (ja) * 2007-10-26 2009-05-21 Kyuchaku Gijutsu Kogyo Kk 金属リチウム分散活性炭をメタン吸着剤として利用したメタンの貯蔵方法
JP2010037480A (ja) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-18 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 燃料ガス中の付臭剤除去装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996033801A1 (fr) * 1995-04-27 1996-10-31 Nippon Sanso Corporation Adsorbant charbonneux, son procede de production, et technique et appareil pour la separation de gaz
JP2001187339A (ja) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-10 Toyota Motor Corp 炭化水素吸蔵材
JP2003024776A (ja) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-28 Japan Energy Corp ガス着臭剤の除去方法およびそれに用いる吸着剤
JP2003222298A (ja) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-08 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 天然ガスの吸着貯蔵装置および吸着貯蔵方法
JP2009108871A (ja) * 2007-10-26 2009-05-21 Kyuchaku Gijutsu Kogyo Kk 金属リチウム分散活性炭をメタン吸着剤として利用したメタンの貯蔵方法
JP2010037480A (ja) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-18 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 燃料ガス中の付臭剤除去装置

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JP2019171359A (ja) 2019-10-10

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