WO2019179286A2 - 一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019179286A2
WO2019179286A2 PCT/CN2019/076256 CN2019076256W WO2019179286A2 WO 2019179286 A2 WO2019179286 A2 WO 2019179286A2 CN 2019076256 W CN2019076256 W CN 2019076256W WO 2019179286 A2 WO2019179286 A2 WO 2019179286A2
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preparation
chloride
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孙国庆
侯永生
贺恩静
迟志龙
胡义山
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山东润博生物科技有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/31Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of preparation of herbicides, in particular to a preparation method of phenoxyacetate, and more particularly to a method for synthesizing phenoxyacetate by one-pot method.
  • Chlorophenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides are the world's first commercial hormone-selective herbicides. They are environmentally friendly, have short residual periods and low toxicity to humans and other organisms, and rarely produce resistance. It is mainly used in grass crops such as corn and wheat to control dicotyledonous weeds, sedges and some malignant weeds.
  • the most widely used chlorophenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides are 2,4-D.
  • the molecular formula is C 8 H 6 Cl 2 O 3 , melting point 140.5 ° C, boiling point 160 ° C, pure 2,4-D can be in the form of flakes, powder, crystal powder and solid, white slightly brown, slightly phenol
  • the smell is not hygroscopic and corrosive.
  • the solubility in water at 25 ° C is 620 mg / L, soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, ketone.
  • Formula a is a 2,4-D structural formula.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of phenoxyacetate, and to synthesize phenoxyacetate in one pot, which greatly reduces the amount of waste water, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing phenoxyacetate, comprising the following steps:
  • the solvent is one or more of DMF, DMSO, DMI and acetone;
  • the catalyst is a quaternary ammonium salt or polyethylene glycol.
  • the condensation reaction system of the invention is a water-free system, which eliminates the production of high-salt wastewater.
  • the phenolic compound used in the present invention is preferably phenol, o-cresol or chlorophenol.
  • the chlorocarboxylate has the structure of formula I:
  • R 1 is preferably a C1-C5 alkylene group, more preferably a C1-C3 alkylene group, and further preferably a methylene group (-CH 2 -), a methylmethylene group (-CH(CH) 3 )-), ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -), propylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -) or butylene (-(CH 2 ) 4 -).
  • R is preferably a C1 to C10 alkyl group or a C3 to C10 cycloalkyl group, more preferably a C1 to C8 alkyl group or a C3 to C8 cycloalkyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group. , isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, isooctyl or cyclohexyl.
  • the chlorocarboxylate is chloroacetate.
  • the acid binding agent is preferably one or more of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and cesium carbonate.
  • the catalyst is a quaternary ammonium salt, preferably benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, trioctyl One or more of ammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
  • TEBA benzyltriethylammonium chloride
  • TBAB tetrabutylammonium bromide
  • tetrabutylammonium chloride tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate
  • trioctyl One or more of ammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
  • the solvent is one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), and acetone.
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • DI 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
  • acetone Preferably, it is DMF.
  • the source of the above compound in the present invention is not particularly limited and may be generally commercially available.
  • the invention adopts a specific catalyst to enable a phenol compound and a chlorocarboxylic acid ester to be subjected to a condensation reaction in a specific organic solvent, and the above preparation process requires only one-time injection of a phenol compound, a chlorocarboxylic acid ester, an acid binding agent, a catalyst and a solvent.
  • the reactor can be prepared in one pot.
  • the mass ratio of the phenolic compound to the solvent, the acid binding agent, and the catalyst is preferably 1: (1.5 to 5): (1.02 to 2): (0.1% to 1%).
  • the chlorocarboxylic acid ester may be added according to a metering ratio, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the temperature of the condensation reaction is preferably from 40 to 160 ° C, and the reaction time is preferably from 1 to 24 hours.
  • a phenoxycarboxylate compound and a hydrogencarbonate are obtained.
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of phenoxyacetate, comprising the steps of: mixing a phenolic compound with a chlorocarboxylic acid ester, an acid binding agent, and a catalyst in a solvent, and performing one-pot method
  • the condensation reaction gives a phenoxycarboxylate compound
  • the solvent is one or more of DMF, DMSO, DMI and acetone
  • the catalyst is a quaternary ammonium salt or polyethylene glycol.
  • the invention realizes the anhydrous synthesis of phenoxyacetate, the whole process produces no water, participates in no water, truly achieves zero waste water discharge, greatly reduces the discharge of waste water, and can remove salt after filtration, without dehydration, energy consumption.
  • the lower, one-pot method makes the reaction process simple and requires less equipment investment. Moreover, the hydrolysis of the ruthenium-chlorocarboxylic acid in the late ester hydrolysis reaction is reduced, thereby reducing the consumption of the ruthenium-chlorocarboxylic acid, and effectively avoiding the solid-liquid separation of the pure chlorophenoxyacetic acid in the prior art. The loss of the active ingredient increases the yield of the active ingredient, and the product has high purity and high yield.
  • the total yield of the two steps was 94.96%; the total wastewater volume reached 523g.
  • the prior art yields and water splits are far less than the one-step process provided by the present invention.

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法
本申请要求于2018年3月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810225346.X、发明名称为“一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及除草剂制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法,更为具体的,涉及一种一锅法合成苯氧乙酸酯的方法。
背景技术
氯苯氧羧酸类除草剂是世界上第一类商品化生产的激素型选择性除草剂,对环境友好,具有残留期短和对人及其他生物低毒等特点,极少产生耐药性,主要用于玉米、小麦等禾本科作物田防除双子叶杂草、莎草以及某些恶性杂草。
氯苯氧羧酸类除草剂中应用较为广泛的是2,4-D。分子式为C 8H 6Cl 2O 3,熔点140.5℃,沸点160℃,纯2,4-D可以以片状、粉状、晶体粉末和固体等形式存在,白色略带棕褐色,略带酚的气味,不吸湿,有腐蚀性。25℃时在水中的溶解度为620mg/L,可溶于醇、醚、酮等大多数有机溶剂。式a为2,4-D结构式。
Figure PCTCN2019076256-appb-000001
工业上生产该类产品主要有先氯化后醚化和先醚化后氯化两大路线工艺。但是两种工艺均包括苯酚或氯代苯酚与氯乙酸缩合制备苯氧乙酸酯或氯代苯氧乙酸酯的过程,该步骤需要在水相中进行,酚和氯乙酸都会消耗大量液碱,导致后期废水和废盐量大,处理成本高,对环境影响极大,严重影响了氯苯氧羧酸类化合物的生产和应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法,一锅法合成苯氧乙酸酯,大大降低废水量,节能环保。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明提供了一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法,包括以 下步骤:
将酚类化合物与氯羧酸酯、缚酸剂、催化剂在溶剂中混合,一锅法进行缩合反应,得到苯氧羧酸酯类化合物;
所述溶剂为DMF、DMSO、DMI和丙酮中的一种或多种;
所述催化剂为季铵盐或聚乙二醇。
本发明的缩合反应体系为无水体系,杜绝了高盐废水的产生。
本发明采用的酚类化合物优选为苯酚、邻甲苯酚或氯代苯酚等。
所述氯羧酸酯具有式Ⅰ所示结构:
Figure PCTCN2019076256-appb-000002
其中,R 1优选为C1~C5的亚烷基,更优选为C1~C3的亚烷基,进一步的,优选为亚甲基(-CH 2-),甲基亚甲基(-CH(CH 3)-),亚乙基(-CH 2-CH 2-),亚丙基(-CH 2-CH 2-CH 2-)或亚丁基(-(CH 2) 4-)。
R优选为C1~C10的烷基或C3~C10的环烷基,更优选为C1~C8的烷基或C3~C8的环烷基,进一步优选的,其为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、异辛基或环己基。
在本发明的某些具体实施例中,所述氯代羧酸酯为氯乙酸酯。
所述缚酸剂优选为碳酸钠、碳酸钾和碳酸铯中的一种或多种。
所述催化剂为季铵盐,优选为苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基硫酸氢铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵和十四烷基三甲基氯化铵中的一种或多种。
所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)和丙酮中的一种或多种,优选为DMF。
本发明对上述化合物的来源并无特殊限定,可以为一般市售。
本发明采用特定催化剂,使酚类化合物和氯羧酸酯能够在特定的有机溶剂中进行缩合反应,上述制备过程只要将酚类化合物、氯羧酸酯、缚酸剂、催化剂和溶剂一次性投入反应器中即可一锅法制备。
所述酚类化合物与溶剂、缚酸剂、催化剂的质量比优选为1:(1.5~5):(1.02~2):(0.1%~1%)。
所述氯羧酸酯可以根据计量比添加,本发明并无特殊限定。
所述缩合反应的温度优选为40~160℃,反应时间优选为1~24h。
上述缩合反应结束后,得到苯氧羧酸酯类化合物和碳酸氢盐,本发明优选的,过滤除盐,滤液经精馏,分离溶剂和苯氧羧酸酯类化合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将酚类化合物与氯羧酸酯、缚酸剂、催化剂在溶剂中混合,一锅法进行缩合反应,得到苯氧羧酸酯类化合物;所述溶剂为DMF、DMSO、DMI和丙酮中的一种或多种;所述催化剂为季铵盐或聚乙二醇。本发明实现了无水合成苯氧乙酸酯,整个过程无水产出,无水参与,真正做到零废水排放,大大减少了废水的排放量,后期过滤除去盐即可,无需脱水,能耗较低,一锅法的方法使得反应流程简单,设备投资少。并且降低了后期酯水解反应中,ɑ-氯代羧酸水解,从而降低了ɑ-氯代羧酸的消耗,同时有效避免了现有技术因氯代苯氧乙酸纯品的固液分离导致的有效成分的损失,提高了有效成分的得率,产品纯度高、收率高。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法进行详细描述。
实施例1
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、DMF 190g、四丁基溴化铵0.25g、氯乙酸甲酯109.6g(1.00mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至140℃左右,反应10小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g DMF洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合精馏脱溶至恒重,得产物160.5g,含量99.2%,收率95.8%。
生产过程中无废水产生。
实施例2
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、DMSO 190g、四丁基溴化铵0.25g、氯乙酸甲酯109.6g(1.00mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至150℃左右,反应10小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g  DMF洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合精馏脱溶至恒重,得产物163.5g,含量99.1%,收率96.6%。
生产过程中无废水产生。
实施例3
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、丙酮200g、四丁基溴化铵0.25g、氯乙酸甲酯119.9g(1.1mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至60℃左右,反应18小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g丙酮洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合脱溶至恒重,得产物158.1g,含量99.3%,收率94.2%。
生产过程中无废水产生。
实施例4
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、DMF 190g、聚乙二醇0.5g、氯乙酸甲酯119.9g(1.1mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至150℃左右,反应10小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g DMF洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合精馏脱溶至恒重,得产物165.5g,含量99.2%,收率97.6%。
生产过程中无废水产生。
实施例5
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、DMF 190g、四丁基溴化铵0.25g、氯乙酸甲酯119.9g(1.1mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至150℃左右,反应10小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g DMF洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合精馏脱溶至恒重,得产物166.5g,含量99.1%,收率97.2%。
生产过程中无废水产生。
比较例1
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、液碱125g(1mol 32%)先配置成酚钠溶液、然后将133g(1.4mol)氯乙酸、133g水、175g液碱(1.4mol)配置成中和料。然后升温酚钠溶液至105℃滴加中和料,滴加后期控制pH在9到10之间,此时液碱消耗15.2g,缩合结束后酸化过滤分离烘干得到的苯氧乙酸165.1g,含量98.7%, 此步收率97.6%。此时已经产生505g高盐废水。
然后将166.1g苯氧乙酸再和甲醇酯化获得苯氧乙酸甲酯,酯化收率97.3%,废水18g。
两步总收率94.96%;总废水量达523g。因此现有技术收率和分水量远不如本发明提供的一步法。
比较例2
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、甲苯190g、四丁基溴化铵0.25g、氯乙酸甲酯119.9g(1.1mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至110℃左右,反应10小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g甲苯洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合精馏脱溶至恒重,得产物22.5g,含量91.1%,收率12.1%。
比较例3
将苯酚95.1g(1mol)、DMF 190g、氯乙酸甲酯119.9g(1.1mol)、碳酸钾固态140.8g(1.01mol)混合搅拌,升温至150℃左右,反应10小时。降温到室温过滤除去氯化钾和碳酸氢钾混合盐。滤饼用新30g DMF洗涤两次,将滤液和洗涤液混合精馏脱溶至恒重,得产物112.1g,含量96.1%,收率64.8%。
由上述实施例及比较例可知,本发明提供的制备方法,实现了一锅法制备,且无废水生成。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
    将酚类化合物与氯羧酸酯、缚酸剂、催化剂在溶剂中混合,一锅法进行缩合反应,得到苯氧羧酸酯类化合物;
    所述溶剂为DMF、DMSO、DMI和丙酮中的一种或多种;
    所述催化剂为季铵盐或聚乙二醇。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酚类化合物为苯酚、邻甲酚或氯代苯酚。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氯羧酸酯具有式Ⅰ所示结构:
    Figure PCTCN2019076256-appb-100001
    其中,
    R 1为C1~C5的亚烷基;
    R为C1~C10的烷基或C3~C10的环烷基。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缚酸剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾和碳酸铯中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为苄基三乙基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基硫酸氢铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵和十四烷基三甲基氯化铵中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酚类化合物与溶剂、缚酸剂、催化剂的质量比为1:(1.5~5):(1.02~2):(0.1%~1%)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缩合反应的温度为40~160℃,反应时间为1~24h。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缩合反应结束后,过滤除盐,滤液经精馏,分离溶剂和苯氧羧酸酯类化合物。
PCT/CN2019/076256 2018-03-19 2019-02-27 一种苯氧乙酸酯的制备方法 WO2019179286A2 (zh)

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