WO2019153791A1 - 像素结构、显示面板、显示装置及显示方法 - Google Patents

像素结构、显示面板、显示装置及显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019153791A1
WO2019153791A1 PCT/CN2018/111145 CN2018111145W WO2019153791A1 WO 2019153791 A1 WO2019153791 A1 WO 2019153791A1 CN 2018111145 W CN2018111145 W CN 2018111145W WO 2019153791 A1 WO2019153791 A1 WO 2019153791A1
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
pixel
grating
light
layer
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PCT/CN2018/111145
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭伟桓
林丽锋
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
福州京东方光电科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019153791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019153791A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/305—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being the ends of optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a pixel structure, a display panel, a display device, and a display method.
  • a grating refers to an optical element that enables periodic amplitude modulation of the amplitude or phase of incident light or both.
  • the grating can be classified into a transmissive grating and a reflective grating depending on whether the grating is used for transmitting light or for reflecting light.
  • the grating has a light splitting action and can be used as a light splitting element.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a pixel structure including: a pixel region, a non-pixel region located on one side of the pixel region, a curved grating, a first waveguide, and a second waveguide.
  • a curved grating is located in the non-pixel region and configured to disperse light into a plurality of colored lights; a first waveguide is located in the non-pixel region; and a second waveguide is located in the pixel region.
  • the first waveguide includes a first end adjacent to the pixel region, the second waveguide includes a first end adjacent to the non-pixel region, and the first end of the first waveguide and the second waveguide One end is coupled; the first waveguide is configured to conduct one of the plurality of colored lights into the second waveguide, the second waveguide configured to emit colored light transmitted thereto at a predetermined position.
  • the beam splitting component includes a curved grating.
  • a light emitting surface of the curved grating is a concave surface, the concave surface faces the first waveguide; and the first waveguide further includes a second portion away from the pixel region. And transmitting one of a plurality of color lights dispersed via the curved grating to the second end of the first waveguide through the concave surface to cause one of the plurality of color lights to be incident into the first waveguide.
  • a pixel structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a reflective structure; wherein, a light emitting surface of the curved grating is a concave surface, the concave surface faces the reflective structure; and the first waveguide further includes a distance away from the pixel a second end of the region, the reflective structure configured to reflect one of a plurality of color lights dispersed through the curved grating and emitted through the concave surface to a second end of the first waveguide to cause the plurality of One of the colored lights is incident into the first waveguide.
  • the curved grating is a reflective grating configured to enter and exit light from the same side of the curved grating.
  • the curved grating is a Roland circular grating.
  • a light emitting surface of the curved blazed grating includes a grating surface having a curved surface and a concave and convex surface located on the grating surface.
  • the concave and convex structure includes a groove surface having an angle with a tangent of the grating surface.
  • the first waveguide further includes a second end away from the pixel region;
  • the beam splitting component includes a plane grating and a lens, and the plane grating is configured to be incident Light is dispersed into a plurality of color lights, and the lens is configured to adjust the plurality of color lights such that one of a plurality of color lights dispersed via the planar grating is incident on the lens and then incident on a second of the first waveguide The end is such that one of the plurality of color lights is incident into the first waveguide.
  • the planar grating includes a planar blazed grating.
  • the first waveguide includes a first portion and a second portion connected in parallel, and an end of the first portion away from the pixel region and the second portion are far away One end of the pixel region is connected, and one end of the first portion adjacent to the pixel region and one end of the second portion adjacent to the pixel region are connected.
  • the first waveguide includes: a first layer, a second layer, and a waveguide layer.
  • a second layer is disposed on the first layer;
  • a waveguide layer is disposed between the first layer and the second layer;
  • a refractive index of a material of the waveguide layer is greater than a refractive index of a material of the first layer And a refractive index of the material of the second layer; one of the plurality of color lights being conducted to the second waveguide via total reflection at the waveguide layer.
  • the waveguide layer is an electro-index change material.
  • the first waveguide is a Bragg-type diffraction grating
  • the Bragg-type grating has a period in a direction from the non-pixel region to the pixel region. Varying refractive index.
  • a pixel structure further includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein the first electrode and the third electrode are configured to be in accordance with the first data voltage signal A first portion of a waveguide applies a first electric field; the second electrode and the third electrode are configured to apply a second electric field to the second portion of the first waveguide in accordance with a second data voltage signal.
  • a pixel structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a common electrode, a first data line, and a second data line.
  • a common electrode electrically connected to the third electrode; a first data line electrically coupled to the first electrode to be configured to apply the first data voltage signal to the first electrode; and a second data line and the first The two electrodes are electrically connected to be configured to apply the second data voltage signal to the second electrode.
  • the second waveguide includes: a first outer layer, a second outer layer, and a third outer layer; and the second outer layer is opposite to the first outer layer An intermediate layer disposed between the first outer layer and the second outer layer; a material having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the material of the first outer layer and the second outer layer The refractive index of the material; one of the plurality of color lights entering the middle of the second waveguide via the first waveguide.
  • a first layer of the second waveguide includes a plurality of total reflection subtractive structures, and the plurality of total reflection subtractive structures are configured to be conducted to the second waveguide The colored light in the second layer exits through the plurality of total reflection subtracting structures.
  • the plurality of total reflection subtractive structures are a plurality of grooves distributed in a dot shape.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display panel, which includes any of the pixel structures provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a display panel includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixel units; each of the plurality of pixel units includes a plurality of sub-pixel units, and the plurality of sub-pixel units Each of the pixel structures includes the pixel structures of the plurality of sub-pixel units respectively emitting light of different colors.
  • a display panel further includes a backlight configured to emit light emitted to the beam splitting component in the sub-pixel unit.
  • a display panel further includes a light guide plate configured to introduce light emitted by the backlight into the sub-pixel unit and into the curved grating.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display device including any display panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display method, which is a method for operating a display device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method comprising: applying an electric field to the first waveguide; and changing the formation of the electric field by changing The phase of the electrical signal changes the refractive index of the first waveguide to control the gray scale of the pixel unit corresponding to the first waveguide.
  • Figure 1A is a schematic view of a curved grating device
  • 1B is a schematic diagram of calculation of the optical path of the curved grating
  • 2A is a schematic view showing the structure and principle of a blazed grating
  • 2B is a schematic view of the situation before and after the diffraction zero-order spectral shift of the blazed grating
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 4A is a cross-sectional view of a pixel structure taken along line I-I' of FIG. 3;
  • 4B is a schematic view showing diffraction of a light beam incident on a planar grating
  • 4C is a partial enlarged view of the light-emitting surface of the curved blazed grating of FIG. 4A;
  • 4D is another schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel structure taken along the line I-I' in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of changing a luminous flux through a first waveguide in a pixel structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line G-G' in Figure 5;
  • Figure 6B is another schematic cross-sectional view taken along line G-G' in Figure 5;
  • Figure 6C is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line G-G' in Figure 5;
  • Figure 6D is a partial enlarged view of the light exit surface of the planar blazed grating of Figure 6C;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a pixel unit of the display panel shown in FIG. 7;
  • Figure 9A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line H-H' in Figure 8.
  • Figure 9B is another schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line H-H' in Figure 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a curved grating device
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of calculation of an optical path of a curved grating.
  • Curved gratings are usually made by scribing a series of equal-width equidistant scribe lines on a curved spherical mirror. Compared with planar gratings, surface gratings have both quasi-light and focusing effects in addition to diffraction. Therefore, grating spectra can be generated without adding other optical systems.
  • 1A is a conventional curved grating device. As shown in FIG.
  • the slit light source S, the curved grating G, and the image-bearing negative film N are all on the same circumference.
  • the diameter of this circle is equal to the radius of curvature of the surface grating, which is often referred to as the Roland circle.
  • the image is placed on the Roland circle to record the spectrum, because it is theoretically possible to prove that the light emitted by the slit source on the Roland circle is fused by the concave grating (the center of which is tangent to the Roland circle). They will all gather on the Roland Circle.
  • G j , G j+1 represent the position of two adjacent grating scribe lines
  • d is the grating constant of the curved grating
  • C is the center of the curved grating
  • S is the light source
  • P is the position of the diffraction image.
  • the rays SG j and SG j+1 of wavelength ⁇ emitted by S are diffracted by the curved grating and focused on point P.
  • the position of the P point satisfies the condition that the light intensity is extremely large.
  • the optical path difference of the two beams of light incident on the adjacent two reticle wavelengths is ⁇ is an integer multiple of the wavelength:
  • each level of the spectrum has a certain position, and the image-forming film can be placed on the corresponding circumference according to the required wavelength band.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing the structure and principle of a blazed grating
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the front and back of the diffraction zero-order spectrum of the blazed grating.
  • the blazed grating is typically a reflective grating.
  • the grooved surface of the blazed grating is not parallel to the grating surface, and has an angle ⁇ therebetween, which can greatly separate the zero-order main maximum of the single groove surface diffraction from the zero-order main body of the interference generated between the plurality of groove surfaces. Thereby, the light energy is greatly transferred from the interference zero-order main and concentrated to a certain level of the spectrum.
  • the first-order spectrum of the wavelength ⁇ greatly coincides with the zero-order main of the single-slot diffraction, and this level of spectrum will obtain the largest. brightness.
  • the groove width a ⁇ d of the blazed grating the spectrum of other orders of the wavelength ⁇ (including the zero order) almost coincides with the minimum position of the diffraction of the single groove surface, so that the intensity of these orders of the spectrum is small, and Most of the energy is transferred and concentrated on the level 1 spectrum.
  • the diffraction zero-order spectrum can be moved to the position of the interference level 1 spectrum, as shown in FIG. 2B, thereby performing the splitting, thereby making full use of the energy of the diffraction zero-order spectrum.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a pixel structure including: a pixel region, a non-pixel region located on one side of the pixel region, a curved grating, a first waveguide, and a second waveguide.
  • the curved grating is located in the non-pixel region and is configured to disperse light into a plurality of color lights; the first waveguide is located in the non-pixel region; and the second waveguide is located in the pixel region.
  • the first waveguide includes a first end adjacent to the pixel region, the second waveguide includes a first end adjacent to the non-pixel region, and the first end of the first waveguide is coupled to the first end of the second waveguide; the first waveguide is configured to be One of the colored lights is conducted into the second waveguide, and the second waveguide is configured to emit the colored light transmitted thereto at a predetermined position.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the pixel structure along the line I-I' in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of changing the luminous flux through the first waveguide in a pixel structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A.
  • each sub-pixel unit of a pixel array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the pixel structure.
  • the pixel structure 10 includes a pixel region 101, a non-pixel region 102 on one side of the pixel region 101, a spectroscopic component 100, a first waveguide 2, and a second waveguide 3.
  • the beam splitting assembly 100 is located in the non-pixel region 102 and is capable of receiving incident light from the light source S and dispersing the incident light into a plurality of color lights, such as primary color light, for example, the plurality of color lights including red light, green light or blue light.
  • the first waveguide 2 is located in the non-pixel region 102, and the second waveguide 3 is located at least in the pixel region 101. For example, in FIG. 4A, the entire second waveguide 3 is located in the pixel region 101.
  • a portion of the second waveguide 3 can be located within the non-pixel region 102.
  • the first waveguide 2 includes a first end 21 adjacent to the pixel region 101
  • the second waveguide 3 includes a first end 31 adjacent to the non-pixel region 102, the first end 21 of the first waveguide 2 and the first end 31 of the second waveguide 3 connection.
  • the first waveguide 2 can receive one of the plurality of color lights obtained after being split by the beam splitting assembly 100, and conduct one of the received plurality of color lights to the second waveguide 3. in.
  • Light incident into the second waveguide 3 is conducted to respective positions of the pixel region via the second waveguide 3, and the second waveguide 3 is disposed to be capable of emitting color light guided thereto at a predetermined position, thereby realizing a display function of the pixel structure.
  • the predetermined position is a light-emitting area designed on the light-emitting side of the pixel area according to actual requirements, for example, an exit point arranged in an array.
  • the beam splitting assembly 100 includes a curved grating 1.
  • the first waveguide 2 is capable of receiving one of a plurality of color lights obtained after being split by the curved grating 1, and transmitting one of the received plurality of color lights to the second waveguide 3.
  • the curved grating used in the pixel structure has a collecting effect, which can improve the utilization efficiency of light and is advantageous for achieving a better display effect.
  • the structure of the pixel structure is simple, and it is not necessary to provide, for example, a liquid crystal layer to realize a light valve function, which is advantageous for realizing a thin display device.
  • the light-emitting surface 103 of the curved grating 1 is a concave surface that faces the first waveguide 2.
  • the first waveguide 2 further includes a second end 22 remote from the pixel region 101, and one of a plurality of color lights dispersed via the curved grating 1 is incident through the concave surface to the second end 22 of the first waveguide 2 to cause one of the plurality of color lights to be incident Into the first waveguide 2.
  • the curved grating 1 is a Roland circular grating.
  • the position of each spectrum of the desired wavelength is determined according to the grating equation and the required wavelength band, for example, a higher-order first-order spectrum can be selected.
  • the light incident surface of the first waveguide 2 near the first end of the curved grating may be disposed on a corresponding circumference of the Roland circle of the curved grating.
  • the light of the desired wavelength may be light of a desired wavelength, and may be, for example, any of red, green, and blue light.
  • Fig. 4B is a schematic view showing diffraction of a light beam incident on a planar grating. As shown in Figure 4B, the grating equation can usually be expressed as:
  • k is a series
  • i is an incident angle
  • ⁇ is a diffraction angle
  • ⁇ is a wavelength of incident light.
  • light from the light source enters the pixel structure through the light guide plate.
  • i is incident on the grating in parallel
  • i 0
  • sini 0
  • ⁇ ⁇ d / k that is, the wavelength range in which the planar grating can achieve the splitting is ⁇ ⁇ d / k.
  • the surface grating can achieve the wavelength range of ⁇ ⁇ 2d / k. Therefore, the curved grating can have a larger spectral range with respect to the planar grating, enabling a higher color gamut.
  • the curved grating 1 is a reflective grating configured to enter and exit light from the same side of the curved grating 1.
  • incident light is incident from the light-emitting surface 103 side of the curved grating 1, and is reflected and emitted from the light-emitting surface 103 side. That is, the light incident side and the light exiting side of the reflective grating are the same side.
  • the loss of light is large during transmission.
  • the loss of light is small, so that the utilization of light can be further improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and a better display effect is achieved.
  • the curved grating 1 may be a curved blazed grating, and the illuminating surface of the blazed grating includes a grating surface having a curved surface and a concave-convex structure on the grating surface.
  • 4C is a partial enlarged view of the light exit surface of the blazed grating of FIG. 4A. As shown in FIG.
  • the light-emitting surface 103 of the curved grating 1 has the concave-convex structure 1031 of the surface of the blazed grating, that is, the curved grating 1 is a curved blazed grating, which realizes the combination of the curved grating and the planar blazed grating, which is equivalent to the usual planar blazed grating. Bend at the same curvature.
  • the light-emitting surface 103 includes a curved surface 1033 and a concave-convex structure 1031.
  • the concave-convex structure 1031 includes a groove surface 1032 having an angle ⁇ with a tangent to the grating surface 1033.
  • the curved grating 1 is designed as a blazed grating, and the diffraction zero-order spectrum can be moved to the position of the interference level 1 spectrum to realize the splitting, thereby making full use of the higher energy of the diffraction zero-order spectrum, and further Improve the light utilization of the pixel structure.
  • the first waveguide 2 includes a first portion 201 and a second portion 202 in parallel, an end of the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 remote from the pixel region 101 and the first waveguide An end of the second portion 202 of the second portion 202 remote from the pixel region 101 is connected, and an end of the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 adjacent to the pixel region 101 is connected to an end of the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 adjacent to the pixel region 101.
  • the light incident end C of the first waveguide 2 receives color light from a curved grating, and the color light is split into two light beams, namely, a light beam A and a light beam B, respectively, via the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2, respectively.
  • the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 is conducted, and the two beams are combined to form a light beam at the light exit end D of the first waveguide 2.
  • the intensity of the light emitted through the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2 and the control light flux can be controlled by controlling the interference between the light beam A and the light beam B, thereby realizing the display gray scale of the pixel region, that is, the brightness of the light exiting.
  • the pixel structure 10 further includes a first electrode 801, a second electrode 802, and a third electrode 803.
  • the first electrode 801 and the third electrode 803 are configured to apply a first electric field to the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 located therebetween according to the first data voltage signal.
  • the second electrode 802 and the third electrode 803 are configured to apply a second electric field to the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 located therebetween in accordance with the second data voltage signal.
  • a common electrode 5 for the pixel structure 10, a common electrode 5, a first data line 601, and a second data line 602 are also provided to provide a common voltage, a first data voltage, and a second data voltage, respectively.
  • the common electrode 5 is coupled to a common voltage terminal to obtain a common voltage signal
  • the first data line 601 and the second data line 602 are coupled to the data driving circuit to obtain a first data voltage signal and a second data voltage signal.
  • the common electrode 5 is electrically connected to the third electrode 803 to provide a common voltage signal to the third electrode 803;
  • the first data line 601 is electrically connected to the first electrode 801 to provide a first data voltage signal to the first electrode 801;
  • the data line 602 is electrically coupled to the second electrode 803 to provide a second data voltage signal to the second electrode 802.
  • the superposition of the beam A and the beam B at the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2 corresponds to the superposition of two monochromatic light waves.
  • the refractive index of the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 and the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 may be changed.
  • the phase of the first data voltage signal and the second data voltage signal may be controlled to be different such that the refractive indices of the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 and the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 become different, thereby causing the beam A and the beam B produces an optical path difference. Therefore, when the beam A and the beam B reach the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2, the phases of the two are different, and there is a phase difference. For example, if the amplitudes of the beam A and the beam B are equal, according to the superposition principle, the light intensity I after the superposition of the beam A and the beam B is:
  • I 0 is the light intensity of a single beam
  • ⁇ is the phase difference when the two light waves reach the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2 and are superimposed. It can be seen from the formula (2) that the light intensity after superposition is determined by the phase difference ⁇ .
  • the superposed light intensity is the strongest, that is, the light intensity of the second waveguide 3 incident to the pixel region through the first waveguide 2 is the strongest;
  • Fig. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line G-G' in Fig. 5.
  • the first waveguide 2 includes a first layer 2001, a second layer 2002, and a waveguide layer 2003.
  • the second layer 2002 of the first waveguide 2 is disposed on the first layer 2001 of the first waveguide 2.
  • the waveguide layer 2003 of the first waveguide 2 is disposed between the first layer 2001 of the first waveguide 2 and the second layer of the first waveguide 2.
  • the refractive index of the material of the waveguide layer 2003 of the first waveguide 2 is greater than the refractive index of the material of the first layer 2001 of the first waveguide 2 and the refractive index of the material of the second layer 2002 of the first waveguide 2, so that the incident to the first
  • the colored light in the waveguide layer 2002 of a waveguide 2 is totally reflected to the second waveguide 3 in the waveguide layer 2002 of the first waveguide 2.
  • the material of the waveguide layer 2003 of the first waveguide 2 is an electro-index change material.
  • the electrorefractive index changing material may be an inorganic electrorefractive index changing material or an organic electrorefractive index changing material.
  • the electroless refractive index change material may be, for example, tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), nickel oxide (NiO), or the like.
  • the organic electro-refractive index-changing material may be, for example, a viologen compound, a tetrathiafulvalene or a metal phthalocyanine compound, or the like, or a conductive polymer electro-refractive index-changing material such as polythiophene and a derivative thereof, Conductive polyacetylene and the like.
  • the material of the first layer 2001 of the first waveguide 2 and the second layer 2002 of the first waveguide 2 may be a low refractive index material magnesium fluoride, porous silica or fluorosilicon oxide or the like.
  • the material of the waveguide layer of the first waveguide is not limited to the above-listed types, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.
  • the first waveguide may not be a three-layer structure.
  • the first waveguide may comprise an inner layer and an outer layer encasing the inner layer, ie a fiber-like structure.
  • the refractive index of the material of the inner layer is greater than the refractive index of the material of the outer layer.
  • the material of the inner layer is, for example, the above-described electrorefractive index changing material.
  • the second waveguide 3 includes a first outer layer 301, a second outer layer 302, and an intermediate layer 303.
  • the second outer layer 302 is opposite the first outer layer 301; the intermediate layer 303 is disposed between the first outer layer 301 and the second outer layer 302.
  • the refractive index of the material of the intermediate layer 303 is greater than the refractive index of the material of the first outer layer 301 and the refractive index of the material of the second outer layer 302.
  • the first outer layer 301 includes a plurality of total reflection abatement structures 12 disposed at different locations.
  • the plurality of total reflection subtractive structures 12 are configured to emit colored light that is conducted into the intermediate layer 303 via the plurality of total reflection subtracting structures 12.
  • the predetermined position described above is the position at which the total reflection reducing structure 12 is disposed.
  • the plurality of total reflection subtracting structures may be a plurality of grooves distributed in a dot shape. These grooves are disposed at the interface between the intermediate layer 303 and the first outer layer 301, such that the incident angle of light incident on the interface can be changed, destroying the total reflection condition, thereby causing at least partial incidence to the grooves.
  • the total reflection mitigation structure may also be a structure other than the groove, for example, it may be a bump, a light-receiving grating, etc., and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.
  • the color light entering the first waveguide after being split by the curved grating may be any wavelength of light, and may be any one of red, green, and blue light, for example.
  • the color light is red light
  • the pixel area of the pixel structure displays a red color.
  • the first waveguide 2 further includes a third portion 203, and the third portion 203 of the first waveguide 2 is in direct contact with the second waveguide 3 near the first end 31 of the second waveguide 3 to reduce light loss.
  • the width of the first end 31 of the first waveguide 2 is substantially equal to the width L of the second waveguide 3. In this way, the color light conducted in the first waveguide 2 can be more directly transmitted to the respective positions of the first end 31 of the second waveguide 3, thereby being more directly transmitted to the respective positions of the pixel region 101, which is advantageous for reducing the path of the colored light. Improve the efficiency of light utilization.
  • the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 and the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 may comprise a Bragg-type diffraction grating.
  • Figure 6B is a schematic illustration of another first waveguide.
  • the first waveguide may include an inner layer and an outer layer 18 encasing the inner layer, ie, an optical fiber-like structure.
  • the refractive index of the material of the inner layer of the first waveguide is greater than the refractive index of the material of the outer layer 18 of the first waveguide.
  • the material of the inner layer of the first waveguide is, for example, the above-described electrorefractive index changing material.
  • the inner layer 17 of the first waveguide is a Bragg-type grating.
  • the Bragg-type grating has a periodically varying refractive index in a direction from the non-pixel region 102 to the pixel region 101, and the period is T.
  • One period T of the Bragg-type grating includes a first portion 1701 and a second portion 1702 having different refractive indices.
  • the parameters of the Bragg grating include, for example, the first portion 1701 of one period of the Bragg grating and the refractive index of the second portion 1702 of one period of the Bragg grating, the first portion 1701 of one period of the Bragg grating, and one period of the Bragg grating
  • the width of the second portion 1702, etc. can be designed as needed by those skilled in the art.
  • the desired color light can be transmitted through the Bragg grating to the second waveguide 3 of the pixel structure 10.
  • the use of the Bragg grating to selectively color light enables narrowing of the band edge of the color light entering the second waveguide 3, thereby facilitating the improvement of the color gamut of the display.
  • Figure 4D is a cross-sectional view of another pixel structure taken along line I-I' of Figure 3.
  • the pixel structure 10 differs from the pixel structure shown in FIG. 4A in that it further includes a reflective structure 4.
  • the light exit surface 103 of the curved grating 1 is a concave surface facing the reflective structure 4, and the reflective structure 4 is configured to reflect one of the plurality of color lights dispersed through the curved grating 1 to the second end of the first waveguide 2 away from the pixel region 101. 22 such that one of the plurality of color lights is incident into the first waveguide 2.
  • the reflective structure 4 can be, for example, a reflective sheet.
  • the reflecting surface of the reflective structure 4 facing the curved grating 1 is concave, so as to have a collecting effect, which is advantageous for improving the utilization of light.
  • the other structure of the pixel structure shown in FIG. 4D is the same as that shown in FIG. 4A, please refer to the above description.
  • Fig. 6C is another schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G' in Fig. 5.
  • the first waveguide 2 further includes a second end 21 away from the pixel region 101;
  • the beam splitting assembly 100 includes a planar grating 20 and a lens 30, the planar grating 20 being configured to be incident The light is dispersed into a plurality of color lights, and the lens 30 is configured to adjust the plurality of color lights such that one of the plurality of color lights dispersed via the planar grating 20 is emitted through the lens 30 and then incident on the second end 22 of the first waveguide 2 to One of a plurality of color lights is incident into the first waveguide 2.
  • lens 30 is an optical lens that enables quasi-light and focusing of multiple color lights, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable lens 30 based on the spectrum produced by the planar grating selected.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 6C can achieve the same or similar technical effects as the previously described embodiments, please refer to the previous description.
  • the planar grating 20 includes a planar blazed grating, such as at least a portion of the planar grating 20 being a planar blazed grating.
  • Figure 6D is a partial enlarged view of the light exit surface of the planar blazed grating of Figure 6C.
  • a portion of the light-emitting surface 200 of the planar grating 20 has a concave-convex structure of the surface of the blazed grating, and the concave-convex structure includes a groove surface having an angle ⁇ with the grating surface.
  • the diffraction zero-order main maximum and the interference zero-order main maximum position are coincident, and the splitting cannot be achieved, while the diffraction zero-order main maximum and the interference zero-order main maximum light power are the highest, and the light energy is the highest.
  • the loss is greater. It can be known from the structure and principle of the above blazed grating that at least part of the planar grating 20 is designed as a blazed grating to enable the diffraction zero-order spectrum to move to the position of the interference level 1 spectrum to realize the splitting, thereby making full use of the higher energy of the diffraction zero-order spectrum. , can further improve the light utilization efficiency of the pixel structure.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display panel, which includes any of the pixel structures provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has a simple structure, and it is not necessary to provide, for example, a liquid crystal layer to realize a light valve function, which is advantageous for thinning of the display panel.
  • the display panel of this embodiment has higher light utilization efficiency, correspondingly consumes less energy, and has a better energy efficiency ratio than a display panel using a planar grating.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display panel 15 includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixel units 14 arranged in an array.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a pixel unit 14 of the display panel 15 shown in FIG.
  • each of the plurality of pixel units 14 includes a plurality of sub-pixel units, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units including any one of the pixel structures provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the pixel structure respectively emits light of different colors. For example, the different colored lights can be combined to form white light.
  • each pixel unit 14 includes three sub-pixel units, which are a first sub-pixel unit 901, a second sub-pixel unit 902, and a third sub-pixel unit 903, respectively, a first sub-pixel unit 901, a second sub-pixel unit 902, and
  • the pixel structures in the third sub-pixel unit 903 respectively emit light of different colors.
  • the first sub-pixel unit 901 is a red sub-pixel unit, wherein a pixel region of the pixel structure emits red light
  • the second sub-pixel unit 902 is a green sub-pixel unit, wherein a pixel region of the pixel structure emits green light
  • the sub-pixel unit 903 is a blue sub-pixel unit in which a pixel region of the pixel structure emits blue light. In this way, the light of these different colors is combined to obtain a plurality of colors required for display, whereby the display panel 15 can realize color display.
  • the three sub-pixel units 901/902/903 of each pixel unit 14 share the same common electrode 5, for example, can be respectively connected to different first data lines 601 and second data.
  • Line 602 is further coupled to the data drive circuit to receive the respective first data voltage signal and second data voltage signal during operation.
  • Fig. 9A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line H-H' of Fig. 8.
  • the display panel 15 includes a first substrate 701 and a second substrate 702 opposite to the first substrate 701 .
  • the pixel structure is located between the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 702.
  • the first waveguide 2, the first electrode 801, the second electrode 802, and the third electrode 803 are disposed on a side of the first substrate 701 facing the second substrate 702, and the second waveguide 3 is located on the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 702. between.
  • the curved grating 1 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 702 facing the first substrate 701.
  • Fig. 9B is another schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line H-H' in Fig. 8.
  • the pixel structure is located between the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 702.
  • the curved grating 1, the first waveguide 2, the first electrode 801, the second electrode 802, and the third electrode 803 are disposed on a side of the first substrate 701 facing the second substrate 702, and the reflective structure 4 is located on the surface of the second substrate 702.
  • a light transmissive layer 19 is disposed between the second substrate 702 and the first waveguide 2 to have a suitable distance between the first waveguide 2 and the second substrate 702 as needed.
  • the second waveguide 3 is located between the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 702.
  • the display panel 15 further includes a backlight 11 that is, for example, a surface light source, and is configured such that the emitted incident light is incident on the spectroscopic component 1 in the sub-pixel unit at a specific position.
  • a backlight 11 that is, for example, a surface light source, and is configured such that the emitted incident light is incident on the spectroscopic component 1 in the sub-pixel unit at a specific position.
  • incident light from the light source is incident to the curved grating 1 in the sub-pixel unit at a specific position.
  • incident light from the light source is incident on the planar grating 20 in the sub-pixel unit at a specific position.
  • the display panel 15 further includes a light guide plate 13.
  • the light incident surface of the light guide plate 13 faces the light exit surface of the backlight 11, and the light emitted by the backlight 11 is conducted in the light guide plate 11 in the form of total reflection.
  • a second total reflection subtracting structure 19 is disposed on the light-emitting surface of the light guide plate, and the second total reflection subtracting structure 19 is located at a position corresponding to the light-splitting structure 100 of each sub-pixel unit to destroy the total reflection condition, so that the light is in the total reflection subtracting structure 19 The position is emitted to enter each sub-pixel unit and is incident on the curved grating 1.
  • the total reflection reducing structure 19 may be, for example, a groove or a rib located on the interface between the light-emitting surface of the light guide plate 13 and the second substrate 702.
  • 9A and 9B illustrate the first sub-pixel unit 901 as an example.
  • the backlights in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are side-entry light sources.
  • a direct-type light source may be disposed at a position corresponding to the curved grating of each sub-pixel unit, and the direct-type light source may be matched with the light guide plate. Light is incident on the curved grating without being incident on other locations of the pixel unit.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device 16 includes a display panel 15, which is any display panel provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the display device 16 may further include other components and circuits and the like that cooperate with the display panel 15 to implement a display function, such as a power supply circuit, a data driving circuit, a signal decoding circuit, a controller, etc., and these components and circuits may be implemented in a conventional manner.
  • the disclosed embodiments do not limit this.
  • the display device 16 can be, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, or the like, with any display product or component.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has a simple structure, and it is not necessary to provide, for example, a liquid crystal layer to realize a light valve function, which is advantageous for thinning of the display device.
  • the display panel compared with a display device using a planar grating, the display panel has a higher light utilization rate, correspondingly consumes less energy, and has a better energy efficiency ratio.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display method, which is a method for operating a display device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method comprising: applying an electric field to a first waveguide by changing an electrical signal forming the electric field The phase changes the refractive index of the first waveguide to control the gray scale of the pixel unit corresponding to the first waveguide.
  • each pixel unit of the display device including the pixel structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A Light emitted from the backlight is incident on the curved grating 1 via the light guide plate.
  • the color light that is incident on the first waveguide 2 after being split by the curved grating 1 in the first sub-pixel unit is red light
  • the second sub-pixel unit is split by the curved grating 1 and then incident on the first waveguide.
  • the color light of 2 is green light
  • the color light that is incident on the first waveguide 2 through the curved grating 1 in the third sub-pixel unit is blue light.
  • the first sub-pixel unit will be described below as an example. As shown in FIG.
  • the light incident end C of the first waveguide receives red light from the curved grating, and the red light is split into two light beams: a light beam A and a light beam B, respectively.
  • the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 and the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 are conducted, and the two beams combine to form a light beam at the light exit end D of the first waveguide 2.
  • the intensity of light emitted through the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2 can be controlled by controlling the interference between the light beam A and the light beam B, and the light flux can be controlled, thereby realizing the display gray scale of the pixel region.
  • a common voltage signal is supplied to the third electrode 803 through the common electrode 5
  • a first data voltage signal is supplied to the first electrode 801 through the first data line 601
  • a first data voltage signal is supplied through the second data line 602.
  • the second electrode 802 provides a second data voltage signal.
  • the superposition of the beam A and the beam B at the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2 corresponds to the superposition of two monochromatic light waves.
  • the refractive index of the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 and the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 can be changed.
  • the phase of the first data voltage signal and the second data voltage signal may be controlled to be different such that the refractive indices of the first portion 201 of the first waveguide 2 and the second portion 202 of the first waveguide 2 become different, thereby causing the beam A and the beam B produces an optical path difference. Therefore, when the beam A and the beam B reach the light-emitting end D of the first waveguide 2, the phases of the two are different, and there is a phase difference.
  • the amount of red light conducted to the pixel region via the first waveguide can be controlled by controlling the phases of the first data voltage signal and the second data voltage signal.
  • the amount of green light and blue light conducted to the pixel region via the first waveguide can be separately controlled by the same method.
  • the display gray scale of the display unit can be controlled.

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Abstract

一种像素结构、显示面板、显示装置及显示方法。像素结构（10）包括：像素区（101）、位于像素区（101）的一侧的非像素区（102）、分光组件（100）、第一波导（2）和第二波导（3）。分光组件（100）位于非像素区（102）且配置为将入射光分散成多种色光；第一波导（2）位于非像素区（102）内；第二波导（3）位于像素区（101）。第一波导（2）包括靠近像素区（101）的第一端（21），第二波导（3）包括靠近非像素区（102）的第一端（31），第一波导（2）的第一端（21）与第二波导（3）的第一端（31）连接；第一波导（2）配置为从分光组件（100）接收多种色光之一且将多种色光之一传导至第二波导（3）中，第二波导（3）配置为将传导至第二波导（3）中的多种色光之一在预定位置出射。像素结构（10）的结构简单，无需设置液晶层，有利于实现薄型装置。并且，与采用平面光栅的显示面板相比，像素结构（10）的光利用率较高。

Description

像素结构、显示面板、显示装置及显示方法
本申请要求于2018年02月09日递交的中国专利申请第201810136336.9号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开至少一实施例涉及一种像素结构、显示面板、显示装置及显示方法。
背景技术
通常光栅是指能够使入射光的振幅或相位或者两者同时产生周期性空间调制的光学元件。根据光栅是用于透射光还是用于反射光来分类，光栅可以分为透射型光栅和反射型光栅。当多色光入射光栅时，不同波长的光经光栅后发生色散，不同波长的同一级(除零级外)衍射光谱的位置均不重合。因此，光栅具有分光作用，可以被用作分光元件。
发明内容
本公开至少一实施例提供一种像素结构，该像素结构包括：像素区、位于所述像素区的一侧的非像素区、曲面光栅、第一波导和第二波导。曲面光栅位于所述非像素区且配置为将光分散成多种色光；第一波导位于所述非像素区内；第二波导位于所述像素区。所述第一波导包括靠近所述像素区的第一端，所述第二波导包括靠近所述非像素区的第一端，所述第一波导的第一端与所述第二波导的第一端连接；所述第一波导配置为将所述多种色光之一传导至所述第二波导中，所述第二波导配置为将传导至其中的色光在预定位置出射。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述分光组件包括曲面光栅。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述曲面光栅的出光面为凹面，所述凹面面向所述第一波导；所述第一波导还包括远离所述像素区的第二端，经由所述曲面光栅分散成的多种色光之一经所述凹面入射至所述第一波导的第二端以使所述多种色光之一入射到所述第一波导之中。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构还包括反射结构；其中，所述曲面光栅的出光面为凹面，所述凹面面向所述反射结构；所述第一波导还包括远离所述像素区的第二端，所述反射结构配置为将经由所述曲面光栅分散成的且经所述凹面出射的多种色光之一反射至所述第一波导的第二端以使所述多种色光之一入射到所述第一波导之中。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述曲面光栅为反射型光栅，配置为光从所述曲面光栅的同一侧入射和出射。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述曲面光栅为罗兰圆光栅。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述曲面光栅的至少部分为曲面闪耀光栅，所述曲面闪耀光栅的出光面包括呈曲面的光栅面和位于所述光栅面上的凹凸结构；所述凹凸结构包括槽面，所述槽面与所述光栅面的切线具有夹角。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述第一波导还包括远离所述像素区的第二端；所述分光组件包括平面光栅和透镜，所述平面光栅配置为将入射光分散成多种色光，所述透镜配置为对所述多种色光进行调整以使经由所述平面光栅分散成的多种色光之一经所述透镜出射后入射至所述第一波导的第二端以使所述多种色光之一入射到所述第一波导之中。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述平面光栅包括平面闪耀光栅。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述第一波导包括并联的第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分的远离所述像素区的一端和所述第二部分的远离所述像素区的一端连接，所述第一部分的靠近所述像素区的一端和所述第二部分的靠近所述像素区的一端连接。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述第一波导包括：第一层、第二层和波导层。第二层设置于所述第一层上；波导层设置于所述第一层和所述第二层之间；所述波导层的材料的折射率大于所述第一层的材料的折射率和所述第二层的材料的折射率；所述多种色光之一在所述波导层经全反射传导至所述第二波导。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述波导层为电致折射率变化材料。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述第一波导为布拉格型衍射光栅，所述布拉格型光栅在沿由所述非像素区到所述像素区的方向上具有呈周期变化的折射率。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构还包括第一电极、第二电极和第三电极，所述第一电极和所述第三电极配置为根据第一数据电压信号向所述第一波导的第一部分施加第一电场；所述第二电极和所述第三电极配置为根据第二数据电压信号向所述第一波导的第二部分施加第二电场。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构还包括公共电极、第一数据线和第二数据线。公共电极与所述第三电极电连接；第一数据线与所述第一电极电连接从而配置为向所述第一电极施加所述第一数据电压信号；以及第二数据线与所述第二电极电连接从而配置为向所述第二电极施加所述第二数据电压信号。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述第二波导包括：第一外层、第二外层和第三外层；第二外层与所述第一外层对置；中间层，设置于所述第一外层和所述第二外层之间；所述中间层的材料的折射率大于所述第一外层的材料的折射率和所述第二外层的材料的折射率；所述多种色光之一经由所述第一波导进入所述第二波导的中间中。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述第二波导的第一层包括多个全反射消减结构，所述多个全反射消减结构配置为使传导至所述第二波导的第二层中的色光经由所述多个全反射消减结构出射。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中，所述多个全反射消减结构为多个呈点状分布的凹槽。
本公开至少一实施例还提供一种显示面板，该显示面板包括本公开实施例提供的任意一种像素结构。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种显示面板包括像素阵列，该像素阵列包括多个像素单元；所述多个像素单元中的每个包括多个子像素单元，所述多个子像素单元中的每个包括所述像素结构，所述多个子像素单元中的所述像素结构分别出射不同颜色的光。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种显示面板还包括背光源，该背光源配置为所发出的光入射至所述子像素单元中的所述分光组件。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种显示面板还包括导光板，该导光板配置为将所述背光源所发出的光导入至所述子像素单元并入射至所述曲面光栅。
本公开至少一实施例还提供一种显示装置，该显示装置包括本公开实施例提供的任意一种显示面板。
本公开至少一实施例还提供一种显示方法，该方法为适用于本公开实施例提供的显示装置的操作方法，该方法包括：给所述第一波导施加电场；通过改变形成所述电场的电信号的相位来改变所述第一波导的折射率，以控制与所述第一波导对应的所述像素单元的灰阶。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1A为曲面光栅装置示意图；
图1B为曲面光栅光程的计算示意图；
图2A为闪耀光栅的结构及原理示意图；
图2B为闪耀光栅的衍射零级光谱移动前后的情况示意图；
图3为本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构示意图；
图4A为一种像素结构的沿图3中的I-I’线的剖面示意图；
图4B为光束入射到一种平面型光栅上发生衍射的示意图；
图4C为图4A中曲面闪耀光栅的出光面的局部放大图；
图4D为像素结构的沿图3中的I-I’线的另一种剖面示意图；
图5为本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构中通过第一波导改变光通量的示意图；
图6A为沿图5中的G-G’线的一种剖面示意图；
图6B为沿图5中的G-G’线的另一种剖面示意图；
图6C为沿图5中的G-G’线的又一种剖面示意图；
图6D为图6C中平面闪耀光栅的出光面的局部放大图；
图7为本公开一实施例提供的一种显示面板的平面示意图；
图8为图7所示的显示面板的一个像素单元的平面示意图；
图9A为沿图8中的H-H’线的剖面示意图；
图9B为沿图8中的H-H’线的另一种剖面示意图；
图10为本公开一实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本公开所使用的附图的尺寸并不是严格按实际比例绘制，显示面板中像 素单元的个数也不是限定为图中所示的数量，各个结构的具体地尺寸和数量可根据实际需要进行确定。本公开中的附图仅是结构示意图。
下面先对曲面光栅进行分光的原理进行介绍。图1A为曲面光栅装置示意图，图1B为曲面光栅光程的计算示意图。曲面光栅通常是在曲球面反射镜上刻划一系列等宽等间距的刻线而制成的。与平面光栅相比，曲面光栅除产生衍射作用外，还兼具准光和聚焦作用，因此，可以不用再附加其他光学***就可以产生光栅光谱。图1A为一种常用的曲面光栅装置，如图1A所示，狭缝光源S、曲面光栅G和呈像底片N三者都在同一圆周上。这个圆的直径等于曲面光栅的曲率半径，这个圆通常被称为罗兰圆。通常，把呈像底片放置在罗兰圆上来记录光谱，这是因为理论上能够证明：由罗兰圆上的狭缝光源发出的光，经凹面光栅(其中央与罗兰圆相切)所产生的光谱都会汇聚在罗兰圆上。
如图1B所示，G j，G j+1表示相邻的两条光栅刻线位置，d为曲面光栅的光栅常数，C为曲面光栅的中心，S为光源，P点为衍射像的位置。S发出的波长为λ的光线SG j和SG j+1经过曲面光栅衍射后聚焦于P点。P点的位置满足形成光强极大的条件。令SE＝SG j，PF＝PG j，并根据衍射极大条件为入射至相邻两条刻线的波长为λ的两束光的光程差为波长的整数倍可得：
kλ＝(SG j+G jP)-(SG j+1+G j+1P)
＝(SE+FP)-(SG j+1+G j+1P)
＝G j+1E+G j+1F
＝G jG j+1sinα+G jG j+1sinβ
＝d(sinα+sinβ)
即得到曲面光栅的光栅方程kλ＝d(sinα+sinβ)(k＝0,±1,±2…)，其中，k为级数。根据上述光栅方程，各级光谱具有确定的位置，可以根据需要的波段将呈像底片设置在相应的一段圆周上即可。
下面对闪耀光栅的特定进行介绍。图2A为闪耀光栅的结构及原理示意图，图2B为闪耀光栅的衍射零级光谱移动前后的示意图。如图2A所示，闪耀光栅通常为反射型光栅。闪耀光栅的刻槽面与光栅面不平行，两者之间有一夹角γ，这能够使得单个槽面衍射的零级主极大和多个槽面间产生的干涉 的零级主极大分开，从而使光能量从干涉零级主极大转移并集中到某一级光谱上去。以入射角为i＝γ(即垂直于槽面入射)、波长为λ的光为例，波长λ的1级光谱与单槽衍射的零级主极大重合，这一级光谱将获得最大的光强度。又因为闪耀光栅的槽面宽度a≈d，所以波长λ的其他级次(包括零级)的光谱都几乎和单槽面衍射的极小位置重合，致使这些级次光谱的强度很小，而大部分能量都转移并集中到1级光谱上了。因此，利用闪耀光栅可以使衍射零级光谱移动到干涉1级光谱的位置，如图2B所示，从而进行分光，从而充分利用衍射零级光谱的能量。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种像素结构，该像素结构包括：像素区、位于像素区的一侧的非像素区、曲面光栅、第一波导和第二波导。曲面光栅位于非像素区且配置为将光分散成多种色光；第一波导位于非像素区内；第二波导位于像素区。第一波导包括靠近像素区的第一端，第二波导包括靠近非像素区的第一端，第一波导的第一端与第二波导的第一端连接；第一波导配置为将多种色光之一传导至第二波导中，第二波导配置为将传导至其中的色光在预定位置出射。
示范性地，图3为本公开一实施例提供的一种像素结构示意图，图4A为一种像素结构的沿图3中的I-I’线的剖面示意图。图5为图3和图4A所示的一种像素结构中通过第一波导改变光通量的示意图。例如根据本公开的一实施例的像素阵列的每个子像素单元采用该像素结构。
结合图3和图4A，像素结构10包括像素区101、位于像素区101的一侧的非像素区102、分光组件100、第一波导2和第二波导3。分光组件100位于非像素区102，能够接收来自光源S的入射光并将入射光分散成多种色光，这些色光例如为原色光，例如该多种色光包括红光、绿光或蓝光。第一波导2位于非像素区102内，第二波导3至少位于像素区101内，例如，在图4A中，整个第二波导3位于像素区101内。例如，在其他实施例中，第二波导3的一部分可以位于非像素区102内。第一波导2包括靠近像素区101的第一端21，第二波导3包括靠近非像素区102的第一端31，第一波导2的第一端21与第二波导3的第一端31连接。通过合理设计第一波导2的位置，使第一波导2能够接收来自经分光组件100分光后所得到的多种色光之 一，并将接收到的该多种色光之一传导至第二波导3中。入射到第二波导3中的光经由第二波导3被传导至像素区的各个位置，第二波导3设置为能够将传导至其中的色光在预定位置出射，从而实现像素结构的显示功能。
需要说明的是，上述预定位置是根据实际需求设计在像素区出光侧的一些出光区域，例如为阵列排布的出光点。
例如，分光组件100包括曲面光栅1。如图3和图4A所示，第一波导2能够接收来自经曲面光栅1分光后所得到的多种色光之一，并将接收到的该多种色光之一传导至第二波导3中，从而实现显示。与采用平面光栅(例如平面型正弦光栅)相比，该像素结构采用的曲面光栅具有聚光作用，能够提高光的利用效率，有利于实现更好的显示效果。并且，该像素结构的结构简单，不需要设置例如液晶层以实现光阀功能，有利于实现薄型显示装置。
例如，如图4A所示，曲面光栅1的出光面103为凹面，该凹面面向第一波导2。第一波导2还包括远离像素区101的第二端22，经由曲面光栅1分散成的多种色光之一经该凹面入射至第一波导2的第二端22以使该多种色光之一入射到第一波导2之中。例如，曲面光栅1为罗兰圆光栅。根据上述曲面光栅的分光原理，根据光栅方程和需要的波段，确定出所需要的波长的各级光谱的位置，例如可以选择能量较高的1级光谱。将第一波导2靠近曲面光栅的第一端的入光面设置于曲面光栅的罗兰圆的相应的一段圆周上即可。所需波长的光可以为需要的波长的光，例如可以为红、绿、蓝光中的任意一种。
另外，曲面光栅相对于平面光栅可以具有更大的可分光波长范围。图4B为光束入射到一种平面型光栅上发生衍射的示意图。如图4B所示，光栅方程通常可表示为：
kλ＝d(sini+sinθ)(k＝0,±1,±2…)      (1)
该式(1)中，k为级数，i为入射角，θ为衍射角，λ为入射光的波长。例如，来自光源的光经过导光板进入像素结构中，当来自导光板的光平行入射至光栅时，例如来自导光板的光为准直光，垂直入射至光栅，则i＝0，sini＝0，因此λ≤d/k，即此时该平面光栅能够实现分光的波长范围为λ≤d/k。这种情况下，当同样的光入射到曲面光栅时，由于sini+sinθ≤2，因此曲面光栅能够 实现分光的波长范围为λ≤2d/k。因此，曲面光栅相对于平面光栅可以具有更大的分光范围，能够实现更高的色域。
例如，曲面光栅1为反射型光栅，配置为光从曲面光栅1的同一侧入射和出射。例如，入射光从曲面光栅1的出光面103侧入射，经反射后从出光面103侧出射。即反射型光栅的入光侧和出光侧是同一侧。当采用透射型曲面光栅时，在透射过程中光的损失较大。与采用透射型曲面光栅相比，采用反射型曲面光栅的情况，光的损失较小，从而能够进一步提高光的利用率，有利于减小能耗，实现更好的显示效果。
例如，在一个实施例中，曲面光栅1可以为曲面闪耀光栅，闪耀光栅的出光面包括呈曲面的光栅面和位于光栅面上的凹凸结构。图4C为图4A中闪耀光栅的出光面的局部放大图。如图4C所示，曲面光栅1的出光面103具有闪耀光栅的表面的凹凸结构1031，即曲面光栅1为曲面闪耀光栅，实现了曲面光栅与平面闪耀光栅结合，相当于将通常的平面闪耀光栅按相同的曲率弯折。出光面103包括呈曲面的光栅面1033和凹凸结构1031，该凹凸结构1031包括槽面1032，该槽面1032与光栅面1033的切线具有夹角γ。通常，对于正弦型光栅，其衍射零级主极大与干涉零级主极大位置是重合的，无法实现分光，而衍射零级主极大和干涉零级主极大的光能力最高，光能的损失较大。由上述闪耀光栅的结构和原理可知，将曲面光栅1设计成闪耀光栅能够使衍射零级光谱移动到干涉1级光谱的位置而实现分光，从而充分利用衍射零级光谱较高的能量，可以进一步提高像素结构的光利用率。
例如，在图3和图4A所示的像素结构中，第一波导2包括并联的第一部分201和第二部分202，第一波导2的第一部分201的远离像素区101的一端和第一波导2的第二部分202的远离像素区101的一端连接，第一波导2的第一部分201的靠近像素区101的一端和第一波导2的第二部分202的靠近像素区101的一端连接。例如，参见图5，第一波导2的入光端C接收来自曲面光栅的色光，该色光分成两个光束，即光束A和光束B，这两个光束分别经由第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202传导，这两个光束在第一波导2的出光端D再合成一个光束。
例如，可以通过控制光束A和光束B之间的干涉情况来控制经由第一波 导2的出光端D出射的光的强度及控制光通量，从而实现调节像素区的显示灰阶，即出光的亮度。参考图3、图4A和图5，例如，像素结构10还包括第一电极801、第二电极802和第三电极803。第一电极801和第三电极803配置为根据第一数据电压信号向位于二者之间的第一波导2的第一部分201施加第一电场。第二电极802和第三电极803配置为根据第二数据电压信号向位于二者之间的第一波导2的第二部分202施加第二电场。例如，参见图3所示，对于像素结构10，还提供了公共电极5、第一数据线601和第二数据线602，以分别提供公共电压、第一数据电压和第二数据电压。例如，公共电极5与公共电压端耦接以获得公共电压信号，第一数据线601和第二数据线602与数据驱动电路耦接以获得第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号。公共电极5与第三电极803电连接，以给第三电极803提供公共电压信号；第一数据线601与第一电极801电连接，以给第一电极801提供第一数据电压信号；第二数据线602与第二电极803电连接，以给第二电极802提供第二数据电压信号。光束A和光束B在第一波导2的出光端D的叠加相当于两个单色光波的叠加。当改变第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号的相位时，可以使第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202的折射率发生改变。可以控制第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号的相位不同，以使得第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202的折射率变得不同，从而使光束A和光束B产生光程差。因此当光束A和光束B到达第一波导2的出光端D时，两者的相位不同，存在相位差。例如，光束A和光束B的振幅相等，则根据叠加原理，光束A和光束B叠加后的光强度I为：
I＝4I 0cos 2(δ/2)        (2)
式(2)中，I 0为单个光束的光强度，δ是两光波到达第一波导2的出光端D并进行叠加时的相位差。由式(2)可知，叠加后的光强决定于相位差δ。当δ＝±2mπ(m＝0,1,2…)，I＝4I 0，叠加后的光强最强，即通过第一波导2入射至像素区的第二波导3的光强最强；当δ＝±(m+1/2)2π(m＝0,1,2…)，I＝0，叠加后的光强最弱，光通量为零，即没有光通过第一波导2入射至像素区，从而实现暗态显示；当相位差δ介于上述使光强最强的值和使光强最弱 的值之间时，叠加后的光强介于光强的最小值和最大值之间。因此，可以通过控制第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号的相位来控制经由第一波导传导至像素区的光通量，从而控制显示灰阶。
例如，图6A为沿图5中的G-G’线的剖面示意图。如图6A所示，第一波导2包括第一层2001、第二层2002和波导层2003。第一波导2的第二层2002设置于第一波导2的第一层2001上。第一波导2的波导层2003设置于第一波导2的第一层2001和第一波导2的第二层之间。第一波导2的波导层2003的材料的折射率大于第一波导2的第一层2001的材料的折射率和第一波导2的第二层2002的材料的折射率，这样可以使得入射至第一波导2的波导层2002中的色光，在第一波导2的波导层2002中经全反射传导至第二波导3。
例如，第一波导2的波导层2003的材料为电致折射率变化材料。例如，该电致折射率变化材料可以是无机电致折射率变化材料或有机电致折射率变化材料。无机电致折射率变化材料例如可以是三氧化钨(WO 3)、二氧化钛(TiO 2)、三氧化钼(MoO 3)、五氧化二钒(V 2O 5)、氧化镍(NiO)等。有机电致折射率变化材料例如可以是紫罗精类化合物、四硫富瓦烯或金属酞菁类化合物等；或者为导电聚合物电致折射率变化材料，例如聚噻吩类及其衍生物、导电聚乙炔等。例如，第一波导2的第一层2001和第一波导2的第二层2002的材料可以是低折射率材料氟化镁、多孔二氧化硅或氟氧化硅等。当然，第一波导的波导层的材料不限于上述列举种类，本公开实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，在本公开的其他实施例中，第一波导也可以不是三层结构。例如第一波导可以包括内层和包裹内层的外层，即类似光纤的结构。内层的材料的折射率大于外层的材料的折射率。内层的材料例如为上述电致折射率变化材料。
例如，如图4A所示，第二波导3包括第一外层301、第二外层302和中间层303。第二外层302与第一外层301对置；中间层303设置于第一外层301和第二外层302之间。并且，中间层303的材料的折射率大于第一外层301的材料的折射率和第二外层302的材料的折射率。这样，在第一波导2 中传导的色光进入中间层303中，并可以在中间层303中以全反射的形式传导至像素区的各个位置。
例如，第一外层301包括多个设置在不同位置的全反射消减结构12。多个全反射消减结构12配置为使传导至中间层303中的色光经由多个全反射消减结构12出射。例如，上述预定位置即设置有全反射消减结构12的位置。例如，多个全反射消减结构可以为多个呈点状分布的凹槽。这些凹槽设置在中间层303的与第一外层301和之间的界面上，这样可以改变光入射至该界面上的入射角，破坏全反射条件，从而使得至少部分入射至这些凹槽的光从中间层303出射至第一外层301，继而从第一外层301出射，从而实现显示。当然，全反射消减结构也可以是除了凹槽以外的其他形式的结构，例如可以为凸点、取光光栅等，本公开的实施例对此不作限制。
需要说明的是，经曲面光栅分光后进入第一波导中的色光可以为任意波长的光，例如可以为红、绿、蓝光中的任意一种。示范性地，例如该色光为红光，则该像素结构的像素区显示的颜色为红色。
例如，如图3所示，第一波导2还包括第三部分203，第一波导2的第三部分203靠近第二波导3的第一端31与第二波导3直接接触，以减少光损失，并且，第一波导2的第一端31的宽度与第二波导3的宽度L基本相等。这样能够使在第一波导2中传导的色光更直接地传递到第二波导3的第一端31的各个位置，进而更直接地传导至像素区101的各个位置，有利于减少色光的路径，提高光的利用效率。
例如，在另一个实施例中，第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202可以包括布拉格型衍射光栅。图6B为另一种第一波导的示意图。如图6B所示，例如第一波导可以包括内层和包裹内层的外层18，即类似光纤的结构。第一波导的内层的材料的折射率大于第一波导的外层18的材料的折射率。第一波导的内层的材料例如为上述电致折射率变化材料。例如，第一波导的内层17为布拉格型光栅。布拉格型光栅在沿由非像素区102到像素区101的方向上具有呈周期变化的折射率，周期为T。布拉格型光栅的一个周期T包括折射率不同的第一部分1701和第二部分1702。通过设计布拉格光栅的参数，这些参数例如包括布拉格光栅的一个周期的第一部分1701 和布拉格光栅的一个周期的第二部分1702的折射率、布拉格光栅的一个周期的第一部分1701和布拉格光栅的一个周期的第二部分1702的宽度等，本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设计。可以使所需要的色光透过布拉格光栅，传导至像素结构10的第二波导3。利用布拉格光栅对色光具有选择性，能够使得进入第二波导3中的色光的波带边窄，从而有利于提高显示的色域。
图4D为另一种像素结构的沿图3中的I-I’线的剖面示意图。如图4D所示，该像素结构10与图4A所示的像素结构的区别在于，还包括反射结构4。曲面光栅1的出光面103为凹面，该凹面面向反射结构4，反射结构4配置为将经由曲面光栅1分散成的多种色光之一反射至第一波导2的远离像素区101的第二端22以以使所述多种色光之一入射到第一波导2之中。反射结构4例如可以是反射片。例如反射结构4的朝向所述曲面光栅1的反射面为凹面，从而具有聚光作用，有利于提高光的利用率。图4D所示的像素结构的其他结构与图4A中所示的相同，请参考上述描述。
图6C为沿图5中的G-G’线的又一种剖面示意图。在本公开另一个实施中，例如，如图6C所示，第一波导2还包括远离像素区101的第二端21；分光组件100包括平面光栅20和透镜30，平面光栅20配置为将入射光分散成多种色光，透镜30配置为对该多种色光进行调整以使经由平面光栅20分散成的多种色光之一经透镜30出射后入射至第一波导2的第二端22以使该多种色光之一入射到第一波导2之中。例如，透镜30为能够实现对多种色光进行准光和聚焦的作用的光学透镜，本领域技术人员可根据所选用的平面光栅产生的光谱选择合适的透镜30。图6C所示实施例能够实现与之前描述的实施例相同或相似的技术效果，请参考之前的描述。
例如，在图6C所示的实施例中，平面光栅20包括平面闪耀光栅，例如平面光栅20的至少部分为平面闪耀光栅。图6D为图6C中平面闪耀光栅的出光面的局部放大图。如图6D所示，平面光栅20的出光面200的部分具有闪耀光栅的表面的凹凸结构，该凹凸结构包括槽面，该槽面与光栅面具有夹角γ。通常，对于正弦型光栅，其衍射零级主极大与干涉零级主极大位置是重合的，无法实现分光，而衍射零级主极大和干涉零级主极大的光能力最高，光能的损失较大。由上述闪耀光栅的结构和原理可知，将平面光栅20的至少 部分设计成闪耀光栅能够使衍射零级光谱移动到干涉1级光谱的位置而实现分光，从而充分利用衍射零级光谱较高的能量，可以进一步提高像素结构的光利用率。
本公开一实施例还提供一种显示面板，该显示面板包括本公开实施例提供的任意一种像素结构。本公开实施例提供的显示面板的结构简单，无需设置例如液晶层以实现光阀功能，有利于显示面板的薄化。并且，与采用平面光栅的显示面板相比，该实施例的显示面板的光利用率较高，相应地耗能更少，具有更好的能效比。
图7为本公开一实施例提供的一种显示面板的平面示意图。如图7所示，显示面板15包括像素阵列，像素阵列包括多个呈阵列排布的像素单元14。图8为图7所示的显示面板15的一个像素单元14的平面示意图。如图8所示，例如，多个像素单元14中的每个包括多个子像素单元，该多个子像素单元中的每个包括本公开实施例提供的任意一种像素结构，多个子像素单元中的像素结构分别出射不同颜色的光。例如，该不同颜色的光能够组合形成白光。例如，每个像素单元14包括三个子像素单元，分别为第一子像素单元901、第二子像素单元902和第三子像素单元903，第一子像素单元901、第二子像素单元902和第三子像素单元903中的像素结构分别出射不同颜色的光。例如，第一子像素单元901为红色子像素单元，其中的像素结构的像素区出射红光；第二子像素单元902为绿色子像素单元，其中的像素结构的像素区出射绿光；第三子像素单元903为蓝色子像素单元，其中的像素结构的像素区出射蓝光。如此，这些不同颜色的光组合以得到显示需要的多种色彩，由此显示面板15能够实现彩色显示。
如图8所示，在该实施例中，每个像素单元14的三个子像素单元901/902/903共享相同的公共电极5，例如可分别连接到不同的第一数据线601和第二数据线602，再进一步耦接到数据驱动电路，从而在工作中接收相应的第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号。
图9A为沿图8中的H-H’线的一种剖面示意图。如图8和图9A所示，以显示面板包括如4A所示的像素结构为例，显示面板15还包括第一基板701和与第一基板701对置的第二基板702。像素结构位于第一基板701和第二 基板702之间。第一波导2、第一电极801、第二电极802和第三电极803均设置于第一基板701的面向第二基板702的一侧，第二波导3位于第一基板701和第二基板702之间。曲面光栅1设置在第二基板702的面向第一基板701的一侧。
图9B为沿图8中的H-H’线的另一种剖面示意图。如图8和图9B所示，像素结构位于第一基板701和第二基板702之间。曲面光栅1、第一波导2、第一电极801、第二电极802和第三电极803均设置于第一基板701的面向第二基板702的一侧，反射结构4位于第二基板702的面向第一基板701的一侧。例如，在第二基板702与第一波导2之间设置有透光层19，以根据需要使第一波导2与第二基板702之间具有合适的距离。第二波导3位于第一基板701和第二基板702之间。
例如，显示面板15还包括背光源11，该背光源11例如面光源，且配置为所发出的入射光在特定位置入射至子像素单元中的分光组件1。例如，当显示面板15包括如图4A所示的像素结构时，来自光源的入射光在特定位置入射至子像素单元中的曲面光栅1。例如，当显示面板15包括如图6C所示的像素结构时，来自光源的入射光在特定位置入射至子像素单元中的平面光栅20。
例如，显示面板15还包括导光板13，导光板13的入光面面对背光源11的出光面，背光源11发出的光在导光板11中以全反射的形式传导。导光板的出光面上设置有第二全反射消减结构19，第二全反射消减结构19位于每个子像素单元的分光结构100对应的位置，以破坏全反射条件，使光在全反射消减结构19的位置出射，从而进入每个子像素单元并入射至曲面光栅1。全反射消减结构19例如可以为位于导光板13的出光面与第二基板702的界面上的凹槽或凸棱等。图9A和图9B以第一子像素单元901为例进行说明。需要说明的是，图9A和图9B中的背光源为侧入式光源，在其他示例中也可以在每个子像素单元的曲面光栅对应的位置设置直下式光源，该直下式光源可配合导光板，使光入射至曲面光栅而不入射至像素单元的其他位置。
本公开一实施例还提供一种显示装置，该显示装置包括本公开实施例提供的任意一种显示面板。图10为本公开一实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意 图。如图10所示，该显示装置16包括显示面板15，该显示面板15为本公开实施例提供的任意一种显示面板。该显示装置16还可以包括其他与显示面板15配合以实现显示功能的部件与电路等，例如电源电路、数据驱动电路、信号解码电路、控制器等，这些部件与电路可以采用常规方式实现，本公开的实施例对此不作限制。显示装置16例如可以为手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。本公开实施例提供的显示装置的结构简单，无需设置例如液晶层以实现光阀功能，有利于显示装置的薄化。并且，与采用平面光栅的显示装置相比，该显示面板的光利用率较高，相应地耗能更少，具有更好的能效比。
本公开一实施例还提供一种显示方法，该方法为适用于本公开实施例提供的显示装置的操作方法，该方法包括：给第一波导施加电场，通过改变形成所述电场的电信号的相位来改变第一波导的折射率，以控制与第一波导对应的像素单元的灰阶。
例如，以显示装置的每个子像素单元包括图3和图4A所示的像素结构为例进行说明。背光源发出的光经由导光板入射至曲面光栅1。例如，在每个像素单元中，第一子像素单元中经由曲面光栅1分光后入射至第一波导2的色光为红光，第二子像素单元中经由曲面光栅1分光后入射至第一波导2的色光为绿光，第三子像素单元中经由曲面光栅1分光后入射至第一波导2的色光为蓝光。下面以第一子像素单元为例进行说明。如图5所示，在第一子像素单元中，第一波导的入光端C接收来自曲面光栅的红光，该红光分成两个光束：光束A和光束B，这两个光束分别经由第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202传导，这两个光束在第一波导2的出光端D合成一个光束。
例如，可以通过控制光束A和光束B之间的干涉情况来控制经由第一波导2的出光端D出射的光的强度，及控制光通量，从而实现调节像素区的显示灰阶。参考图3、图4A和图5，通过公共电极5给第三电极803提供公共电压信号，通过第一数据线601给第一电极801提供第一数据电压信号，通过第二数据线602给第二电极802提供第二数据电压信号。光束A和光束B在第一波导2的出光端D的叠加相当于两个单色光波的叠加。当改变第一数 据电压信号和第二数据电压信号的相位时，可以使第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202的折射率发生改变。可以控制第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号的相位不同，以使得第一波导2的第一部分201和第一波导2的第二部分202的折射率变得不同，从而使光束A和光束B产生光程差。因此当光束A和光束B到达第一波导2的出光端D时，两者的相位不同，存在相位差。根据上述的单色光叠加原理，可以通过控制第一数据电压信号和第二数据电压信号的相位来控制经由第一波导传导至像素区的红光的量。同理，在第二子像素单元和第三子像素单元中，可以通过同样的方法分别控制经由第一波导传导至像素区的绿光和蓝光的量。由此，可以控制显示单元的显示灰阶。通过控制各个显示单元的显示装置的彩色显示状态。
以上所述仅是本发明的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种像素结构，包括：
    像素区和位于所述像素区的一侧的非像素区；
    分光组件，位于所述非像素区且配置为将入射光分散成多种色光；
    第一波导，位于所述非像素区；以及
    第二波导，位于所述像素区；
    其中，所述第一波导包括靠近所述像素区的第一端，所述第二波导包括靠近所述非像素区的第一端，所述第一波导的第一端与所述第二波导的第一端连接；所述第一波导配置为从所述分光组件接收所述多种色光之一且将所述多种色光之一传导至所述第二波导中，所述第二波导配置为将传导至所述第二波导中的所述多种色光之一在预定位置出射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的像素结构，其中，所述分光组件包括曲面光栅。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的像素结构，其中，所述曲面光栅的出光面为凹面，所述凹面面向所述第一波导；所述第一波导还包括远离所述像素区的第二端，经由所述曲面光栅分散成的多种色光之一经所述凹面出射后入射至所述第一波导的第二端以使所述多种色光之一入射到所述第一波导之中。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的像素结构，还包括反射结构；其中，所述曲面光栅的出光面为凹面，所述凹面面向所述反射结构；所述第一波导还包括远离所述像素区的第二端，所述反射结构配置为将经由所述曲面光栅分散成的且经所述凹面出射的多种色光之一反射至所述第一波导的第二端以使所述多种色光之一入射到所述第一波导之中。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述曲面光栅为反射型光栅，配置为光从所述曲面光栅的同一侧入射和出射。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述曲面光栅为罗兰圆光栅。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述曲面光栅的至少部分为曲面闪耀光栅，所述曲面闪耀光栅的出光面包括呈曲面的光栅面和位于所述光栅面上的凹凸结构；所述凹凸结构包括槽面，所述槽面与所述光栅面的切线具有夹角。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的像素结构，其中，所述第一波导还包括远离所述像素区的第二端；
    所述分光组件包括平面光栅和透镜，所述平面光栅配置为将入射光分散成多种色光，所述透镜配置为对所述多种色光进行调整以使经由所述平面光栅分散成的多种色光之一经所述透镜出射后入射至所述第一波导的第二端以使所述多种色光之一入射到所述第一波导之中。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的像素结构，其中，所述平面光栅包括平面闪耀光栅。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述第一波导包括并联的第一部分和第二部分，
    所述第一部分的远离所述像素区的一端和所述第二部分的远离所述像素区的一端连接，所述第一部分的靠近所述像素区的一端和所述第二部分的靠近所述像素区的一端连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述第一波导包括：
    第一层；
    第二层，设置于所述第一层上；以及
    波导层，设置于所述第一层和所述第二层之间；
    其中，所述波导层的材料的折射率大于所述第一层的材料的折射率和所述第二层的材料的折射率；
    所述多种色光之一在所述波导层经全反射传导至所述第二波导。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的像素结构，其中，所述波导层的材料为电致折射率变化材料。
  13. 根据权利要求1-11任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述第一波导包括布拉格型衍射光栅，所述布拉格型光栅在沿由所述非像素区到所述像素区的方向上具有呈周期变化的折射率。
  14. 根据权利要求10-13任一所述的像素结构，还包括第一电极、第二电极和第三电极，其中，
    所述第一电极和所述第三电极配置为根据第一数据电压信号向所述第一波导的第一部分施加第一电场；
    所述第二电极和所述第三电极配置为根据第二数据电压信号向所述第一波导的第二部分施加第二电场。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的像素结构，还包括：
    公共电极，与所述第三电极电连接；
    第一数据线，与所述第一电极电连接从而配置为向所述第一电极施加所述第一数据电压信号；以及
    第二数据线，与所述第二电极电连接从而配置为向所述第二电极施加所述第二数据电压信号。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一所述的像素结构，其中，所述第二波导包括：
    第一外层；
    第二外层，与所述第一外层对置；
    中间层，设置于所述第一外层和所述第二外层之间；
    其中，所述中间层的材料的折射率大于所述第一外层的材料的折射率和所述第二外层的材料的折射率；
    所述多种色光之一经由所述第一波导进入所述第二波导的中间中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的像素结构，其中，所述第二波导的第一层包括多个全反射消减结构，所述多个全反射消减结构配置为使传导至所述第二波导的第三层中的色光经由所述多个全反射消减结构出射。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的像素结构，其中，所述多个全反射消减结构为多个呈点状分布的凹槽。
  19. 一种显示面板，包括多个权利要求1-18任一所述的像素结构。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的显示面板，包括：
    像素阵列，包括多个像素单元；
    其中，所述多个像素单元中的每个包括多个子像素单元，所述多个子像素单元中的每个包括所述像素结构，所述多个子像素单元中的所述像素结构分别出射不同颜色的光。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的显示面板，还包括：
    背光源，配置为所发出的光入射至所述子像素单元中的所述分光组件。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21任一所述的显示面板，还包括：
    导光板，配置为将所述背光源所发出的光导入至所述子像素单元并入射至所述分光组件。
  23. 一种显示装置，包括权利要求19-22任一所述的显示面板。
  24. 一种显示方法，适用于权利要求23所述的显示装置的操作方法，包括：
    给所述第一波导施加电场；
    通过改变形成所述电场的电信号的相位来改变所述第一波导的折射率，以控制与所述第一波导对应的所述像素单元的灰阶。
PCT/CN2018/111145 2018-02-09 2018-10-22 像素结构、显示面板、显示装置及显示方法 WO2019153791A1 (zh)

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