WO2019123882A1 - Élément de régulation de flux pour instrument à anche, butée pour pour instrument à anche et instrument à anche - Google Patents

Élément de régulation de flux pour instrument à anche, butée pour pour instrument à anche et instrument à anche Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019123882A1
WO2019123882A1 PCT/JP2018/041665 JP2018041665W WO2019123882A1 WO 2019123882 A1 WO2019123882 A1 WO 2019123882A1 JP 2018041665 W JP2018041665 W JP 2018041665W WO 2019123882 A1 WO2019123882 A1 WO 2019123882A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
instrument
tube
flow
straightening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/041665
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
哲郎 庄司
慶太 有元
三木　晃
博文 鬼束
Original Assignee
ヤマハ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ヤマハ株式会社 filed Critical ヤマハ株式会社
Publication of WO2019123882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019123882A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/02—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/02—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge
    • G10D7/03—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge with a windway for leading the air to the labium, e.g. recorders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flow straightening member for an air lead instrument, a plug of the air lead instrument, and an air lead instrument.
  • the recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is generally used as a music teaching material in an elementary school and a junior high school. For example, in elementary schools, soprano recorders are generally used, and in junior high schools, altricorders are used.
  • a playing sound is generated by the jet corresponding to the breath blown into the airway acting on the edge facing the airway outlet or a plate-like member called a lapum.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving the attractiveness of the playing sound by making the playing sound of the recorder into a loud and heavy sound.
  • Breathing into the airways is essential when playing an airlead instrument, but if you overblown the breath too much you may experience a flipping sound.
  • Reversal of sound means, for example, that overtones can be played despite the fact that the tone hole is pressed with the intention of playing basic tones.
  • the recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is used as a teaching material in the music education in the elementary school and the junior high school, and the student who did not play well by the reversal of the sound loses interest in the performance and dislikes the music class And there was a risk of losing interest in the music itself.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and it produces sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway when playing an airlead instrument.
  • the purpose is to provide technology that makes it difficult to
  • the present invention is a flow straightening member disposed inside a tube of an air lead instrument, wherein the air lead is provided with a straightening surface that rises toward the jet outlet side of the jet in the longitudinal direction of the tube.
  • a rectifying member for an instrument is provided.
  • the present invention provides a stopper for a pipe of an air lead musical instrument provided with the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • the present invention provides an air lead musical instrument which has a pipe provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge and the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of a head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1; It is a cross-sectional view which shows the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 along the XX 'line in FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the angle ⁇ of the straightening surface 20a and the flow velocity of the jet JS where the sound reversal occurs. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rectification
  • the present invention is a flow straightening member disposed inside a tube of an air lead instrument, wherein the air lead is provided with a straightening surface that rises toward the jet outlet side of the jet in the longitudinal direction of the tube.
  • a rectifying member for an instrument is provided.
  • the flow straightening member is configured such that the flow straightening surface guides the air flow in the resonance space of the air reed instrument to the space between the jet outlet and the edge.
  • a head pipe is mentioned as a specific example of a pipe in which a straightening member is installed, it is not limited to this, It may be a central pipe or a foot pipe.
  • backstep flow means air flow in the opposite direction to the jet generated by blowing air into the airway, and it may occur when flowing fluid in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like an air reed instrument. Generally known.
  • the straightening surface of the straightening member rises without any step from the inner circumferential surface of the tube of the air lead instrument.
  • the straightening surface immediately rises from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube.
  • the fact that the straightening surface rises immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube means that the straightening surface rises directly or immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead musical instrument tube. More specifically, it means that there is no large step between the starting point of the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the air reed instrument tube. If there is a large level difference between the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the pipe, the above-mentioned backstep flow is hindered by the level difference and the straightening effect can not be obtained.
  • the straightening surface may be a curved surface.
  • the present invention provides a stopper for a pipe of an air lead musical instrument provided with the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • the plug is a member also called a block or nipple.
  • Some air reed instruments have a tube and a stopper for the tube manufactured as separate members for the convenience of manufacture. With such an air lead instrument, replacing the conventional plug with the plug of the present invention generates a sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway during performance. It becomes possible to make it difficult.
  • the present invention provides an air lead musical instrument which has a pipe provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge and the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • Such an air-leaded instrument is suitable for beginners because it is difficult for the sound to be reversed even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the blow of air into the airway during performance.
  • the straightening member may be disposed continuously in the longitudinal direction from a plug provided at a longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the pipe.
  • the straightening member may be spaced apart in the longitudinal direction from a plug provided at the longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the pipe.
  • a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned air reed instrument is a recorder.
  • Such a recorder is suitable as a music teaching material for elementary school or junior high school students because it is difficult to generate sound reversal even if special attention is not given to the strength of breathing in the airway during performance. .
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the appearance of an air reed instrument 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the air reed instrument 1 of the present embodiment is a recorder.
  • the air lead instrument 1 is connected to the middle tube 50 via the head tube 10, the middle tube 50 connected to the head tube 10 via the joint portion 40, and the middle tube 50 via the joint portion 60, as in a general recorder.
  • the foot tube 70 is provided with a mouthpiece (not shown in FIG. 1) and an edge (also called lapum) 10e into which exhalation is blown when playing.
  • the middle tube 50 is provided with a plurality of sound holes (also referred to as tone holes) which are closed by the fingers of the performer according to the pitch of the playing sound. These points are the same as general recorders. Since the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a general recorder, the playing method such as fingering is the same as that of a general recorder.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1.
  • the head tube 10 is provided with an airway 10b communicating with the above-mentioned air outlet.
  • a jet JS which is an air flow generated in response to the breath blown into the airway 10b and a back step flow BS generated in response to the inflow of the jet JS are shown.
  • the backstep flow is an air flow in the opposite direction to the jet JS generated by blowing air into the airway 10b, and the fluid flows in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1. It is generally known that occur when.
  • the rectifying surface 20 a As shown in FIG. 2, in the surface (the lower surface in FIG. 2) of the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head tube 10 on the side facing the edge 10 e across the central axis of the tube 10, the rectifying surface 20 a A flow straightening member 20 is provided.
  • the rectifying surface 20a is directed from the downstream side to the upstream side of the jet JS (in the flow direction of the back step flow BS, that is, in the flow direction opposite to the jet JS) and the inner circumferential surface 10a. From the inner peripheral surface 10a to an outlet 10c of the jet JS (in the Y direction in FIG.
  • downstream side of the jet JS is simply referred to as “downstream side”, and the side opposite to the downstream side is referred to as “upstream side”.
  • the rectifying member 20 is provided so that the rectifying surface 20 a and the edge 10 e face each other.
  • the rectifying member 20 is offset in the inner circumferential direction of the head tube 10 It is good.
  • the flow straightening member 20 guides and rectifies the back step flow BS generated in the resonance space (specifically, the inner space of the air reed instrument 1) to the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e of the jet JS. It is. Although the details will be described later, according to an experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application, it was found that the rectification of the backstep flow BS as described above makes it difficult to generate the sound reversal. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the rectifying member 20 for rectifying the backstepped flow BS is provided.
  • the rectifying surface 20a is provided so as to immediately rise from the inner circumferential surface 10a so as not to interfere with the back step flow BS.
  • the surface of the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 facing the edge 10e (the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10
  • the flow straightening member 20 is provided such that the flow straight surface 20a rises from the surface facing the edge 10e.
  • the rectifying member 20 is provided on a surface other than the surface on which the edge 10 e is provided (so that the rectifying surface 20 a rises from the surface other than the surface on which the edge 10 e is provided) Since an effect is acquired, you may provide the rectification
  • the flow straightening member 20 may be provided on the surface in the Z direction so that the flow straight surface 20a rises in the Z direction in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 taken along the line XX ′ in FIG. 2 as viewed from the upstream side.
  • the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow straightening member 20 is smaller than the inner diameter of the head pipe 10, and the side surface 20 b of the flow straightening member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head pipe 10 There is a gap between them.
  • the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow control member 20 may be larger, and the side surface 20 b and the inner circumferential surface 10 a may be connected.
  • the length of the rectifying member 20 in the Z-axis direction may be set to a suitable value in consideration of the size of the rectifying effect and the ease of playing.
  • the flow straightening member 20 is continuously provided such that the upstream end is in contact with the wall surface 10d immediately below the outlet 10c of the jet JS, that is, without opening a gap with the wall surface 10d.
  • the angle ⁇ made by the wall surface 10d and the straightening surface 20a will be referred to as “the straightening surface angle”.
  • the wall surface 10d is a portion (a portion corresponding to a plug which will be described later) which closes the range other than the airway 10b at the end opposite to the connection portion with the middle tube 50 in the internal cavity of the head tube 10 It is the inside.
  • the wall surface 10 d is a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the head tube 10.
  • the present embodiment it is also a plane perpendicular to the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head tube 10.
  • the angle ⁇ of the rectifying surface 20a is increased to 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, the frequency f0 of the fundamental sound of the air reed instrument 1 and the frequency f1 of the second harmonic
  • the ratio r f1 / f0 of the both gradually deviates from the integer value and the deviation from the integer value of the ratio r becomes larger, the reversal of sound becomes more difficult to occur.
  • this is also used to suppress the sound reversal.
  • FIG. 4 shows the frequency of the sound played by the airlead instrument 1 when the flow velocity of the jet JS is gradually increased when the angle ⁇ of the rectifying surface 20a is 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees.
  • FIG. When the angle ⁇ of the straightening surface 20a is 0 degree (in other words, when the straightening member 20 is not provided), sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 8.6 m / s or more. When the angle ⁇ is 15 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 9.4 m / s or more. When the angle ⁇ is 30 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 10.5 m / s or more.
  • the straightening surface of the straightening member of the air reed instrument used in this experiment is formed from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube to the lower edge of the jet outlet of the jet.
  • the angle of may be set to a suitable value.
  • the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a conventional general recorder, and the playing method such as fingering is similar to that of the conventional general recorder.
  • the rectifying member 20 in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1 by providing the rectifying member 20 in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1, the resonance characteristic of the air lead instrument 1 is changed, and the backstep flow BS is rectified. Even if it does not pay special attention to the strength of the blow of air into the airway 10b at this time, even if it is played by the same performance method as in the past, it becomes difficult for the sound to reverse.
  • straightening member is not limited to a head pipe
  • the point is that in the case of an air lead instrument having a tube provided with a jet outlet directed toward the edge, it rises from the inner circumferential surface of the tube and guides the air flow in the resonance space to the space between the jet outlet and the edge.
  • the rectifying member having the rectifying surface formed thereon it is possible to prevent the occurrence of sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of blowing of breath into the airway at the time of playing.
  • the straightening surface 20a in the above embodiment rises linearly from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 at a certain angle.
  • the rectifying surface 20a may be formed of a curved surface. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the rectifying surface 20 a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes steeper from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10. That is, it may be sloped curvilinearly. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the straightening surface 20 a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes gentler from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10.
  • the straightening surface 20a may be inclined from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 regardless of whether it is linear or curved, and it is even better if it is immediately rising. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, there may be a gap between the wall surface 10 d just below the outlet of the jet JS in the head tube 10 and the flow straightening member 20.
  • an extension line of the rectifying surface 20a (a tangent line of the rectifying surface 20a when it curves up) corresponds to the line segment CB in FIG.
  • the rectifying member 20 may be provided by adjusting the arrangement position and the angle ⁇ so as to intersect the line segment CD. This is to secure the role of the straightening member 20 for guiding the back step flow BS into the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e.
  • the angle ⁇ is 0 degree ⁇ ⁇ 90 so that the straightening member 20 is provided away from the wall surface 10d. It should be increased within the range of degrees (eg, greater than 45 degrees).
  • the flow control member 20 may be integrally formed with the head pipe 10, or both may not be integrally formed. That is, the flow straightening member 20 may be installed in the head pipe 10 after the head pipe 10 and the flow straightening member 20 are separately formed.
  • the plug is a member also called a block or nipple. In the air lead instrument 1A, the airway 30 is formed by fitting the plug 30 into the head tube 10.
  • the head pipe 10 and the plug 30 are configured and generated as separate members (that is, parts And fix the straightening member 20 to the plug 30 using an adhesive or the like (step SA10), and insert the plug 30 to which the straightening member 20 is attached into the head tube 10 (step SA20).
  • the aspect which comprises 1A can be considered.
  • the plug 30A in which the straightening member 20 and the plug 30 described above are integrally formed is made into parts separately from the head pipe 10, and in step SA20 of FIG. Even if the plug 30A attached to the flow straightening member 20 is fitted into the space 10 in 10 instead of the plug 30 attached to the flow straightening member 20, the plug 30A shown in FIG. good.
  • the plug 30A By replacing the conventional plug 30 with the plug 30A, it becomes possible to make it difficult to generate sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the breath blowing into the airway during the performance.
  • the partized flow straightening member 20 may be manufactured and sold as a single piece.
  • the partized flow straightening member 20 stands up from the inner peripheral surface of the head tube when mounted on the head tube of an air reed instrument, and the air flow in the resonance space is between the jet outlet and the edge of the jet. It is a straightening member in which the straightening face which leads to space was formed.
  • the plug 30A may be manufactured and sold alone. In the case of a mode in which the flow straightening member 20 is made into a single part, even if the conventional plug is attached to the head pipe 10 after pasting the flow straight out member 20 into the head pipe 10, The same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained.
  • the air lead instrument 1B (or head tube 10) includes its central axis and A member (for example, a member having a shape shown in FIG. 2 in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of a cross section taken along a plane along the YY 'line in FIG. 12) which is cut by a plane equally dividing the song
  • a member for example, a member having a shape shown in FIG. 2 in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of a cross section taken along a plane along the YY 'line in FIG. 12
  • the above-described members having the flow control member 20 may be injection molded using a resin such as plastic, and those members may be pasted together to form the air lead instrument 1B.
  • the tone holes may be provided after bonding the above-described respective members.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

L'objectif de l'invention est de fournir un élément de régulation de flux pour un instrument à anche capable de réduire le retournement du son sans avoir à prêter d'attention particulière à l'intensité de l'air soufflé dans un conduit d'air lorsque l'on joue d'un instrument à anche. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un élément de régulation de flux (20) pour un instrument à anche qui est placé dans un tube d'un instrument à hanche (1) possède une surface de régulation de flux (20a) s'élevant depuis la surface interne (10a) du tube vers un trou d'éjection (10c) le long de la direction longitudinale du tube.
PCT/JP2018/041665 2017-12-21 2018-11-09 Élément de régulation de flux pour instrument à anche, butée pour pour instrument à anche et instrument à anche WO2019123882A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017-245304 2017-12-21
JP2017245304A JP2019113624A (ja) 2017-12-21 2017-12-21 エアリード楽器用の整流部材、エアリード楽器の栓、およびエアリード楽器

Publications (1)

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WO2019123882A1 true WO2019123882A1 (fr) 2019-06-27

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PCT/JP2018/041665 WO2019123882A1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2018-11-09 Élément de régulation de flux pour instrument à anche, butée pour pour instrument à anche et instrument à anche

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WO (1) WO2019123882A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722348A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-03-27 H Visser Wind instrument
JPS5655992A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-05-16 Hohner Ag Matth Recorder
JPH07129153A (ja) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-19 Yoshiko Toyama リコーダーの歌口
JP3047388U (ja) * 1997-09-24 1998-04-10 株式会社三響フルート製作所 フルートの頭部管
JP2002073012A (ja) * 2000-08-17 2002-03-12 Fun Guo Jan 管楽器
JP2003005742A (ja) * 2001-06-19 2003-01-08 Masunaga Sachiko フルート
JP3135624U (ja) * 2007-07-12 2007-09-20 正治 相原 フルート属の頭部管に装着する部材
JP2017083611A (ja) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-18 株式会社ｙｏｊ企画 木管楽器

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722348A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-03-27 H Visser Wind instrument
JPS5655992A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-05-16 Hohner Ag Matth Recorder
JPH07129153A (ja) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-19 Yoshiko Toyama リコーダーの歌口
JP3047388U (ja) * 1997-09-24 1998-04-10 株式会社三響フルート製作所 フルートの頭部管
JP2002073012A (ja) * 2000-08-17 2002-03-12 Fun Guo Jan 管楽器
JP2003005742A (ja) * 2001-06-19 2003-01-08 Masunaga Sachiko フルート
JP3135624U (ja) * 2007-07-12 2007-09-20 正治 相原 フルート属の頭部管に装着する部材
JP2017083611A (ja) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-18 株式会社ｙｏｊ企画 木管楽器

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