WO2019123882A1 - Flow control member for air-reed instrument, stop for air-reed instrument, and air-reed instrument - Google Patents

Flow control member for air-reed instrument, stop for air-reed instrument, and air-reed instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019123882A1
WO2019123882A1 PCT/JP2018/041665 JP2018041665W WO2019123882A1 WO 2019123882 A1 WO2019123882 A1 WO 2019123882A1 JP 2018041665 W JP2018041665 W JP 2018041665W WO 2019123882 A1 WO2019123882 A1 WO 2019123882A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
instrument
tube
flow
straightening
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PCT/JP2018/041665
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
哲郎 庄司
慶太 有元
三木　晃
博文 鬼束
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ヤマハ株式会社
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Publication of WO2019123882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019123882A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/02—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/02—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge
    • G10D7/03—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge with a windway for leading the air to the labium, e.g. recorders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flow straightening member for an air lead instrument, a plug of the air lead instrument, and an air lead instrument.
  • the recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is generally used as a music teaching material in an elementary school and a junior high school. For example, in elementary schools, soprano recorders are generally used, and in junior high schools, altricorders are used.
  • a playing sound is generated by the jet corresponding to the breath blown into the airway acting on the edge facing the airway outlet or a plate-like member called a lapum.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving the attractiveness of the playing sound by making the playing sound of the recorder into a loud and heavy sound.
  • Breathing into the airways is essential when playing an airlead instrument, but if you overblown the breath too much you may experience a flipping sound.
  • Reversal of sound means, for example, that overtones can be played despite the fact that the tone hole is pressed with the intention of playing basic tones.
  • the recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is used as a teaching material in the music education in the elementary school and the junior high school, and the student who did not play well by the reversal of the sound loses interest in the performance and dislikes the music class And there was a risk of losing interest in the music itself.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and it produces sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway when playing an airlead instrument.
  • the purpose is to provide technology that makes it difficult to
  • the present invention is a flow straightening member disposed inside a tube of an air lead instrument, wherein the air lead is provided with a straightening surface that rises toward the jet outlet side of the jet in the longitudinal direction of the tube.
  • a rectifying member for an instrument is provided.
  • the present invention provides a stopper for a pipe of an air lead musical instrument provided with the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • the present invention provides an air lead musical instrument which has a pipe provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge and the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of a head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1; It is a cross-sectional view which shows the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 along the XX 'line in FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the angle ⁇ of the straightening surface 20a and the flow velocity of the jet JS where the sound reversal occurs. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rectification
  • the present invention is a flow straightening member disposed inside a tube of an air lead instrument, wherein the air lead is provided with a straightening surface that rises toward the jet outlet side of the jet in the longitudinal direction of the tube.
  • a rectifying member for an instrument is provided.
  • the flow straightening member is configured such that the flow straightening surface guides the air flow in the resonance space of the air reed instrument to the space between the jet outlet and the edge.
  • a head pipe is mentioned as a specific example of a pipe in which a straightening member is installed, it is not limited to this, It may be a central pipe or a foot pipe.
  • backstep flow means air flow in the opposite direction to the jet generated by blowing air into the airway, and it may occur when flowing fluid in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like an air reed instrument. Generally known.
  • the straightening surface of the straightening member rises without any step from the inner circumferential surface of the tube of the air lead instrument.
  • the straightening surface immediately rises from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube.
  • the fact that the straightening surface rises immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube means that the straightening surface rises directly or immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead musical instrument tube. More specifically, it means that there is no large step between the starting point of the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the air reed instrument tube. If there is a large level difference between the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the pipe, the above-mentioned backstep flow is hindered by the level difference and the straightening effect can not be obtained.
  • the straightening surface may be a curved surface.
  • the present invention provides a stopper for a pipe of an air lead musical instrument provided with the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • the plug is a member also called a block or nipple.
  • Some air reed instruments have a tube and a stopper for the tube manufactured as separate members for the convenience of manufacture. With such an air lead instrument, replacing the conventional plug with the plug of the present invention generates a sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway during performance. It becomes possible to make it difficult.
  • the present invention provides an air lead musical instrument which has a pipe provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge and the above-mentioned straightening member.
  • Such an air-leaded instrument is suitable for beginners because it is difficult for the sound to be reversed even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the blow of air into the airway during performance.
  • the straightening member may be disposed continuously in the longitudinal direction from a plug provided at a longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the pipe.
  • the straightening member may be spaced apart in the longitudinal direction from a plug provided at the longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the pipe.
  • a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned air reed instrument is a recorder.
  • Such a recorder is suitable as a music teaching material for elementary school or junior high school students because it is difficult to generate sound reversal even if special attention is not given to the strength of breathing in the airway during performance. .
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the appearance of an air reed instrument 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the air reed instrument 1 of the present embodiment is a recorder.
  • the air lead instrument 1 is connected to the middle tube 50 via the head tube 10, the middle tube 50 connected to the head tube 10 via the joint portion 40, and the middle tube 50 via the joint portion 60, as in a general recorder.
  • the foot tube 70 is provided with a mouthpiece (not shown in FIG. 1) and an edge (also called lapum) 10e into which exhalation is blown when playing.
  • the middle tube 50 is provided with a plurality of sound holes (also referred to as tone holes) which are closed by the fingers of the performer according to the pitch of the playing sound. These points are the same as general recorders. Since the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a general recorder, the playing method such as fingering is the same as that of a general recorder.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1.
  • the head tube 10 is provided with an airway 10b communicating with the above-mentioned air outlet.
  • a jet JS which is an air flow generated in response to the breath blown into the airway 10b and a back step flow BS generated in response to the inflow of the jet JS are shown.
  • the backstep flow is an air flow in the opposite direction to the jet JS generated by blowing air into the airway 10b, and the fluid flows in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1. It is generally known that occur when.
  • the rectifying surface 20 a As shown in FIG. 2, in the surface (the lower surface in FIG. 2) of the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head tube 10 on the side facing the edge 10 e across the central axis of the tube 10, the rectifying surface 20 a A flow straightening member 20 is provided.
  • the rectifying surface 20a is directed from the downstream side to the upstream side of the jet JS (in the flow direction of the back step flow BS, that is, in the flow direction opposite to the jet JS) and the inner circumferential surface 10a. From the inner peripheral surface 10a to an outlet 10c of the jet JS (in the Y direction in FIG.
  • downstream side of the jet JS is simply referred to as “downstream side”, and the side opposite to the downstream side is referred to as “upstream side”.
  • the rectifying member 20 is provided so that the rectifying surface 20 a and the edge 10 e face each other.
  • the rectifying member 20 is offset in the inner circumferential direction of the head tube 10 It is good.
  • the flow straightening member 20 guides and rectifies the back step flow BS generated in the resonance space (specifically, the inner space of the air reed instrument 1) to the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e of the jet JS. It is. Although the details will be described later, according to an experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application, it was found that the rectification of the backstep flow BS as described above makes it difficult to generate the sound reversal. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the rectifying member 20 for rectifying the backstepped flow BS is provided.
  • the rectifying surface 20a is provided so as to immediately rise from the inner circumferential surface 10a so as not to interfere with the back step flow BS.
  • the surface of the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 facing the edge 10e (the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10
  • the flow straightening member 20 is provided such that the flow straight surface 20a rises from the surface facing the edge 10e.
  • the rectifying member 20 is provided on a surface other than the surface on which the edge 10 e is provided (so that the rectifying surface 20 a rises from the surface other than the surface on which the edge 10 e is provided) Since an effect is acquired, you may provide the rectification
  • the flow straightening member 20 may be provided on the surface in the Z direction so that the flow straight surface 20a rises in the Z direction in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 taken along the line XX ′ in FIG. 2 as viewed from the upstream side.
  • the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow straightening member 20 is smaller than the inner diameter of the head pipe 10, and the side surface 20 b of the flow straightening member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head pipe 10 There is a gap between them.
  • the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow control member 20 may be larger, and the side surface 20 b and the inner circumferential surface 10 a may be connected.
  • the length of the rectifying member 20 in the Z-axis direction may be set to a suitable value in consideration of the size of the rectifying effect and the ease of playing.
  • the flow straightening member 20 is continuously provided such that the upstream end is in contact with the wall surface 10d immediately below the outlet 10c of the jet JS, that is, without opening a gap with the wall surface 10d.
  • the angle ⁇ made by the wall surface 10d and the straightening surface 20a will be referred to as “the straightening surface angle”.
  • the wall surface 10d is a portion (a portion corresponding to a plug which will be described later) which closes the range other than the airway 10b at the end opposite to the connection portion with the middle tube 50 in the internal cavity of the head tube 10 It is the inside.
  • the wall surface 10 d is a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the head tube 10.
  • the present embodiment it is also a plane perpendicular to the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head tube 10.
  • the angle ⁇ of the rectifying surface 20a is increased to 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, the frequency f0 of the fundamental sound of the air reed instrument 1 and the frequency f1 of the second harmonic
  • the ratio r f1 / f0 of the both gradually deviates from the integer value and the deviation from the integer value of the ratio r becomes larger, the reversal of sound becomes more difficult to occur.
  • this is also used to suppress the sound reversal.
  • FIG. 4 shows the frequency of the sound played by the airlead instrument 1 when the flow velocity of the jet JS is gradually increased when the angle ⁇ of the rectifying surface 20a is 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees.
  • FIG. When the angle ⁇ of the straightening surface 20a is 0 degree (in other words, when the straightening member 20 is not provided), sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 8.6 m / s or more. When the angle ⁇ is 15 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 9.4 m / s or more. When the angle ⁇ is 30 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 10.5 m / s or more.
  • the straightening surface of the straightening member of the air reed instrument used in this experiment is formed from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube to the lower edge of the jet outlet of the jet.
  • the angle of may be set to a suitable value.
  • the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a conventional general recorder, and the playing method such as fingering is similar to that of the conventional general recorder.
  • the rectifying member 20 in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1 by providing the rectifying member 20 in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1, the resonance characteristic of the air lead instrument 1 is changed, and the backstep flow BS is rectified. Even if it does not pay special attention to the strength of the blow of air into the airway 10b at this time, even if it is played by the same performance method as in the past, it becomes difficult for the sound to reverse.
  • straightening member is not limited to a head pipe
  • the point is that in the case of an air lead instrument having a tube provided with a jet outlet directed toward the edge, it rises from the inner circumferential surface of the tube and guides the air flow in the resonance space to the space between the jet outlet and the edge.
  • the rectifying member having the rectifying surface formed thereon it is possible to prevent the occurrence of sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of blowing of breath into the airway at the time of playing.
  • the straightening surface 20a in the above embodiment rises linearly from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 at a certain angle.
  • the rectifying surface 20a may be formed of a curved surface. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the rectifying surface 20 a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes steeper from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10. That is, it may be sloped curvilinearly. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the straightening surface 20 a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes gentler from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10.
  • the straightening surface 20a may be inclined from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 regardless of whether it is linear or curved, and it is even better if it is immediately rising. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, there may be a gap between the wall surface 10 d just below the outlet of the jet JS in the head tube 10 and the flow straightening member 20.
  • an extension line of the rectifying surface 20a (a tangent line of the rectifying surface 20a when it curves up) corresponds to the line segment CB in FIG.
  • the rectifying member 20 may be provided by adjusting the arrangement position and the angle ⁇ so as to intersect the line segment CD. This is to secure the role of the straightening member 20 for guiding the back step flow BS into the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e.
  • the angle ⁇ is 0 degree ⁇ ⁇ 90 so that the straightening member 20 is provided away from the wall surface 10d. It should be increased within the range of degrees (eg, greater than 45 degrees).
  • the flow control member 20 may be integrally formed with the head pipe 10, or both may not be integrally formed. That is, the flow straightening member 20 may be installed in the head pipe 10 after the head pipe 10 and the flow straightening member 20 are separately formed.
  • the plug is a member also called a block or nipple. In the air lead instrument 1A, the airway 30 is formed by fitting the plug 30 into the head tube 10.
  • the head pipe 10 and the plug 30 are configured and generated as separate members (that is, parts And fix the straightening member 20 to the plug 30 using an adhesive or the like (step SA10), and insert the plug 30 to which the straightening member 20 is attached into the head tube 10 (step SA20).
  • the aspect which comprises 1A can be considered.
  • the plug 30A in which the straightening member 20 and the plug 30 described above are integrally formed is made into parts separately from the head pipe 10, and in step SA20 of FIG. Even if the plug 30A attached to the flow straightening member 20 is fitted into the space 10 in 10 instead of the plug 30 attached to the flow straightening member 20, the plug 30A shown in FIG. good.
  • the plug 30A By replacing the conventional plug 30 with the plug 30A, it becomes possible to make it difficult to generate sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the breath blowing into the airway during the performance.
  • the partized flow straightening member 20 may be manufactured and sold as a single piece.
  • the partized flow straightening member 20 stands up from the inner peripheral surface of the head tube when mounted on the head tube of an air reed instrument, and the air flow in the resonance space is between the jet outlet and the edge of the jet. It is a straightening member in which the straightening face which leads to space was formed.
  • the plug 30A may be manufactured and sold alone. In the case of a mode in which the flow straightening member 20 is made into a single part, even if the conventional plug is attached to the head pipe 10 after pasting the flow straight out member 20 into the head pipe 10, The same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained.
  • the air lead instrument 1B (or head tube 10) includes its central axis and A member (for example, a member having a shape shown in FIG. 2 in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of a cross section taken along a plane along the YY 'line in FIG. 12) which is cut by a plane equally dividing the song
  • a member for example, a member having a shape shown in FIG. 2 in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of a cross section taken along a plane along the YY 'line in FIG. 12
  • the above-described members having the flow control member 20 may be injection molded using a resin such as plastic, and those members may be pasted together to form the air lead instrument 1B.
  • the tone holes may be provided after bonding the above-described respective members.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a flow control member for an air-reed instrument capable of reducing sound flipping without need to give special consideration for the strength of air blown into an airway when playing a reed instrument. A flow control member (20) for an air-reed instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention that is placed in a tube of an air-reed instrument (1) has a flow control surface (20a) rising from the inner surface (10a) of the tube toward a jetting hole (10c) along the longitudinal direction of the tube.

Description

エアリード楽器用の整流部材、エアリード楽器の栓、およびエアリード楽器Rectifying member for air lead instrument, plug for air lead instrument, and air lead instrument
　本発明は、エアリード楽器用の整流部材、エアリード楽器の栓、およびエアリード楽器に関する。 The present invention relates to a flow straightening member for an air lead instrument, a plug of the air lead instrument, and an air lead instrument.
　エアリード楽器の一つであるリコーダは、小学校や中学校における音楽教材として一般に使用されている。例えば、小学校では一般にソプラノリコーダが使用され、中学校ではアルトリコーダが使用されている。エアリード楽器では、気道に吹き込まれた息に応じたジェットが気道出口に対向するエッジ或いはラピュームと呼ばれる板状の部材に作用することで演奏音が発生する。この点はリコーダにおいても同様である。特許文献１には、リコーダの演奏音を、音量のある、そして張りのある音にすることで演奏音の魅力を向上させる技術が開示されている。 The recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is generally used as a music teaching material in an elementary school and a junior high school. For example, in elementary schools, soprano recorders are generally used, and in junior high schools, altricorders are used. In the air lead instrument, a playing sound is generated by the jet corresponding to the breath blown into the airway acting on the edge facing the airway outlet or a plate-like member called a lapum. The same applies to the recorder. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving the attractiveness of the playing sound by making the playing sound of the recorder into a loud and heavy sound.
特許第２６１８８１４号公報Patent No. 2618814
　エアリード楽器の演奏では気道への息の吹込みが不可欠であるが、息の吹込みを強くし過ぎると音の裏返りが発生する場合がある。音の裏返りとは、例えば、基音を奏でることを意図してトーンホールを押さえたにもかかわらず、倍音が奏でられることを言う。このような音の裏返りを抑止する技術的手段は従来なく、音の裏返りを発生させずにエアリード楽器を演奏するには、気道へ吹き込む息の強さを適切に調整するしかなかった。 Breathing into the airways is essential when playing an airlead instrument, but if you overblown the breath too much you may experience a flipping sound. Reversal of sound means, for example, that overtones can be played despite the fact that the tone hole is pressed with the intention of playing basic tones. There has been no technical means for preventing such sound reversal, and the only way to play an airlead instrument without causing sound reversal is to properly adjust the strength of the breath blown into the airway.
　しかし、初心者には、気道へ吹き込む息の強さを適切に調整することが難しい場合があり、音の裏返りが頻発するとエアリード楽器の演奏に対する興味を失わせる場合があった。前述したように小学校や中学校における音楽教育ではエアリード楽器の一つであるリコーダが教材として使用されており、音の裏返りによりうまく演奏できなかった生徒が、演奏に対する興味を失って音楽の授業を嫌いになったり、音楽そのものへの興味を失ったりする虞があった。 However, it may be difficult for novices to properly adjust the strength of the breath blown into the airway, and frequent turning over may cause them to lose interest in playing the airlead instrument. As mentioned above, the recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is used as a teaching material in the music education in the elementary school and the junior high school, and the student who did not play well by the reversal of the sound loses interest in the performance and dislikes the music class And there was a risk of losing interest in the music itself.
　本発明は以上に説明した課題に鑑みて為されたものであり、エアリード楽器の演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても、音の裏返りを発生し難くする技術を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and it produces sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway when playing an airlead instrument. The purpose is to provide technology that makes it difficult to
　上記課題を解決するために本発明は、エアリード楽器の管の内部に配置される整流部材であって、前記管の長手方向におけるジェットの吹き出し口側に向けて立ち上がる整流面が形成されているエアリード楽器用の整流部材を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a flow straightening member disposed inside a tube of an air lead instrument, wherein the air lead is provided with a straightening surface that rises toward the jet outlet side of the jet in the longitudinal direction of the tube. Provided is a rectifying member for an instrument.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明は、上記整流部材を備えるエアリード楽器の管用の栓を提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present invention provides a stopper for a pipe of an air lead musical instrument provided with the above-mentioned straightening member.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明は、エッジへ向かうジェットの吹き出し口が設けられた管と上記整流部材とを有するエアリード楽器を提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present invention provides an air lead musical instrument which has a pipe provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge and the above-mentioned straightening member.
本発明の一実施形態に係るエアリード楽器１の外観を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the external appearance of the air lead instrument 1 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. エアリード楽器１の頭部管１０付近の断面を表す部分縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of a head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1; 図２におけるＸＸ´線に沿ったエアリード楽器１の断面を示す横断面図である。It is a cross-sectional view which shows the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 along the XX 'line in FIG. 整流面２０ａの角度θと音の裏返りが発生するジェットＪＳの流速の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the angle θ of the straightening surface 20a and the flow velocity of the jet JS where the sound reversal occurs. 本発明の他の実施形態に係る整流部材２０を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rectification | straightening member 20 which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. 本発明の他の実施形態に係る整流部材２０を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rectification | straightening member 20 which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. 本発明の他の実施形態に係る整流部材２０を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rectification | straightening member 20 which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. 本発明の他の実施形態に係る整流部材２０の配置例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the flow straightening member 20 which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. 頭部管１０と栓３０とが別部材であるエアリード楽器１Ａの構成例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structural example of the air lead instrument 1A whose head pipe | tube 10 and the stopper 30 are another members. 本発明の他の実施形態に係るエアリード楽器１Ａを示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the air reed instrument 1A which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. エアリード楽器１Ａに用いられる、本発明の他の実施形態に係る栓の他の構成例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the other structural example of the stopper based on other embodiment of this invention used for air lead instrument 1A. 本発明の他の実施形態に係るエアリード楽器１Ｂの構成例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structural example of the air reed instrument 1B which concerns on other embodiment of this invention.
　上記課題を解決するために本発明は、エアリード楽器の管の内部に配置される整流部材であって、前記管の長手方向におけるジェットの吹き出し口側に向けて立ち上がる整流面が形成されているエアリード楽器用の整流部材を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a flow straightening member disposed inside a tube of an air lead instrument, wherein the air lead is provided with a straightening surface that rises toward the jet outlet side of the jet in the longitudinal direction of the tube. Provided is a rectifying member for an instrument.
　前記整流部材は、その前記整流面がエアリード楽器の共鳴空間内の気流をジェットの吹き出し口とエッジとの間の空間へ案内するように形成されている。 The flow straightening member is configured such that the flow straightening surface guides the air flow in the resonance space of the air reed instrument to the space between the jet outlet and the edge.
　詳細については本発明の実施形態において説明するが、このような整流部材をエアリード楽器の管内に設けることで、エアリード楽器における共鳴特性およびエアリード楽器内におけるバックステップ流が変化し、音の裏返りが発生し難くなる。整流部材の設置先となる管の具体例としては頭部管が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではなく、中部管或は足部管であって良い。なお、バックステップ流とは、気道に息を吹き込むことで発生するジェットとは逆向きの気流のことを言い、エアリード楽器のように断面が急拡大する管に流体を流す際に発生することが一般に知られている。 Although details will be described in the embodiment of the present invention, by providing such a straightening member in the tube of the air lead instrument, the resonance characteristic in the air lead instrument and the backstep flow in the air lead instrument are changed, and sound reversal occurs. It becomes difficult to do. Although a head pipe is mentioned as a specific example of a pipe in which a straightening member is installed, it is not limited to this, It may be a central pipe or a foot pipe. In addition, backstep flow means air flow in the opposite direction to the jet generated by blowing air into the airway, and it may occur when flowing fluid in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like an air reed instrument. Generally known.
　より好ましい態様においては、上記整流部材の整流面は、エアリード楽器の管の内周面から段差なく立ち上がっている。換言すれば、この整流面は、エアリード楽器の管の内周面からすぐに立ち上がっている。整流面がエアリード楽器の管の内周面からすぐに立ち上がるとは、整流面がエアリード楽器の管の内周面からじかに、或はただちに立ち上がることを意味する。より具体的には、整流面の開始点とエアリード楽器の管の内周面との間に大きな段差がないことを意味する。整流面と管の内周面との間に大きな段差があると、上述のバックステップ流がその段差によって妨げられ、整流効果を得られなくなるからである。 In a more preferable aspect, the straightening surface of the straightening member rises without any step from the inner circumferential surface of the tube of the air lead instrument. In other words, the straightening surface immediately rises from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube. The fact that the straightening surface rises immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube means that the straightening surface rises directly or immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead musical instrument tube. More specifically, it means that there is no large step between the starting point of the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the air reed instrument tube. If there is a large level difference between the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the pipe, the above-mentioned backstep flow is hindered by the level difference and the straightening effect can not be obtained.
　また、前記整流面は曲面であってもよい。 The straightening surface may be a curved surface.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明は、上記整流部材を備えるエアリード楽器の管用の栓を提供する。栓とは、ブロック或はフィップルとも呼ばれる部材である。エアリード楽器の中には、製造の都合上、管と管用の栓とが別部材として製造されるものがある。このようなエアリード楽器であれば、従来の栓を本発明の栓に取り換えることで、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りを発生し難くすることが可能になる。 In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present invention provides a stopper for a pipe of an air lead musical instrument provided with the above-mentioned straightening member. The plug is a member also called a block or nipple. Some air reed instruments have a tube and a stopper for the tube manufactured as separate members for the convenience of manufacture. With such an air lead instrument, replacing the conventional plug with the plug of the present invention generates a sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway during performance. It becomes possible to make it difficult.
　また、上記課題を解決するために本発明は、エッジへ向かうジェットの吹き出し口が設けられた管と上記整流部材とを有するエアリード楽器を提供する。このようなエアリード楽器であれば、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りが発生し難くいので、初心者に好適である。 In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present invention provides an air lead musical instrument which has a pipe provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge and the above-mentioned straightening member. Such an air-leaded instrument is suitable for beginners because it is difficult for the sound to be reversed even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the blow of air into the airway during performance.
　また、前記整流部材は、前記管の内部空洞の長手方向端部に設けられた栓から、前記長手方向に連続して配置されていてもよい。一方、前記整流部材は、前記管の内部空洞の長手方向端部に設けられた栓から、前記長手方向に離間して配置されていてもよい。 The straightening member may be disposed continuously in the longitudinal direction from a plug provided at a longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the pipe. On the other hand, the straightening member may be spaced apart in the longitudinal direction from a plug provided at the longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the pipe.
　上記エアリード楽器の好ましい態様としてはリコーダが挙げられる。このようなリコーダであれば、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りを発生し難いので、小学生或いは中学生向け音楽教材として好適である。 A preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned air reed instrument is a recorder. Such a recorder is suitable as a music teaching material for elementary school or junior high school students because it is difficult to generate sound reversal even if special attention is not given to the strength of breathing in the airway during performance. .
　以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の実施形態を説明する。
（Ａ：実施形態）
　図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係るエアリード楽器１の外観を示す図である。本実施形態のエアリード楽器１はリコーダである。エアリード楽器１は、一般的なリコーダと同様に、頭部管１０と、ジョイント部４０を介して頭部管１０に接続された中部管５０と、ジョイント部６０を介して中部管５０に接続された足部管７０と、を有する。頭部管１０には、演奏の際に呼気が吹き込まれる吹き口（図１では図示略）とエッジ（ラピュームとも呼ばれる）１０ｅとが設けられている。中部管５０には演奏音の音高に応じて演奏者の手指でふさがれる複数の音孔（トーンホールとも呼ばれる）が設けられている。これらの点は一般的なリコーダと同様である。エアリード楽器１の外観は一般的なリコーダと同様であるから、運指などの演奏方法も一般的なリコーダと変わるところはない。図２は、エアリード楽器１の頭部管１０付近の断面を示す部分断面図である。頭部管１０には上記吹き口に連通する気道１０ｂが設けられている。図２では、エアリード楽器１の構成要素の他に、気道１０ｂに吹き込まれる息に応じて発生する気流であるジェットＪＳとジェットＪＳの流入に応じて発生するバックステップ流ＢＳとが示されている。バックステップ流とは、気道１０ｂに息を吹き込むことで発生するジェットＪＳとは逆向きの気流のことを言い、エアリード楽器１の頭部管１０のように断面が急拡大する管に流体を流す際に発生することが一般に知られている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(A: Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a view showing the appearance of an air reed instrument 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air reed instrument 1 of the present embodiment is a recorder. The air lead instrument 1 is connected to the middle tube 50 via the head tube 10, the middle tube 50 connected to the head tube 10 via the joint portion 40, and the middle tube 50 via the joint portion 60, as in a general recorder. And the foot tube 70. The head tube 10 is provided with a mouthpiece (not shown in FIG. 1) and an edge (also called lapum) 10e into which exhalation is blown when playing. The middle tube 50 is provided with a plurality of sound holes (also referred to as tone holes) which are closed by the fingers of the performer according to the pitch of the playing sound. These points are the same as general recorders. Since the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a general recorder, the playing method such as fingering is the same as that of a general recorder. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1. The head tube 10 is provided with an airway 10b communicating with the above-mentioned air outlet. In FIG. 2, in addition to the components of the air lead instrument 1, a jet JS which is an air flow generated in response to the breath blown into the airway 10b and a back step flow BS generated in response to the inflow of the jet JS are shown. . The backstep flow is an air flow in the opposite direction to the jet JS generated by blowing air into the airway 10b, and the fluid flows in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1. It is generally known that occur when.
　図２に示すように、頭部管１０の内周面１０ａのうちの管１０の中心軸を挟んでエッジ１０ｅと対向する側の面（図２における下側の面）には、整流面２０ａを有する整流部材２０が設けられている。この整流面２０ａは、ジェットＪＳの下流側から上流側へ向けて（バックステップ流ＢＳの流れる方向、つまり、ジェットＪＳとは逆向きの流れの方向に向けて）、かつ、当該内周面１０ａからジェットＪＳの吹き出し口１０ｃに向けて（図２におけるＹ方向に向けて）、当該内周面１０ａから、０度より大きく９０度より小さい角度（内周面１０ａと整流面２０ａとの間の角度）で傾斜して、すぐに立ち上がっている。この点に本実施形態の特徴がある。整流面２０ａが内周面１０ａからすぐ立ち上がるとは、整流面２０ａが内周面１０ａからじかに、或はただちに立ち上がることを意味する。より具体的には、整流面２０ａの開始点と内周面１０ａとの間に大きな段差がないことを意味する。すなわち、内周面１０ａから段差なく立ち上がっている。また、以下では、ジェットＪＳの下流側を単に「下流側」と呼び、当該下流側とは反対側を「上流側」と呼ぶ。なお、本実施形態では、図３に示すように、整流面２０ａとエッジ１０ｅとが対向するように整流部材２０を設けたが、整流部材２０を頭部管１０の内周方向にずらして設けても良い。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the surface (the lower surface in FIG. 2) of the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head tube 10 on the side facing the edge 10 e across the central axis of the tube 10, the rectifying surface 20 a A flow straightening member 20 is provided. The rectifying surface 20a is directed from the downstream side to the upstream side of the jet JS (in the flow direction of the back step flow BS, that is, in the flow direction opposite to the jet JS) and the inner circumferential surface 10a. From the inner peripheral surface 10a to an outlet 10c of the jet JS (in the Y direction in FIG. 2), an angle larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees (between the inner peripheral surface 10a and the rectifying surface 20a Incline at an angle) and stand up immediately. This point is the feature of the present embodiment. The fact that the straightening surface 20a rises immediately from the inner circumferential surface 10a means that the straightening surface 20a rises directly or immediately from the inner circumferential surface 10a. More specifically, it means that there is no large step between the start point of the straightening surface 20a and the inner circumferential surface 10a. That is, it rises without a level | step difference from the internal peripheral surface 10a. Also, in the following, the downstream side of the jet JS is simply referred to as “downstream side”, and the side opposite to the downstream side is referred to as “upstream side”. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the rectifying member 20 is provided so that the rectifying surface 20 a and the edge 10 e face each other. However, the rectifying member 20 is offset in the inner circumferential direction of the head tube 10 It is good.
　整流部材２０は、共鳴空間（具体的には、エアリード楽器１の内部空間）内に発生するバックステップ流ＢＳをジェットＪＳの吹き出し口１０ｃとエッジ１０ｅの間の空間へ案内し整流するためのものである。詳細については後述するが、本願発明者の行った実験によれば、バックステップ流ＢＳを上記のように整流することで、音の裏返りが発生し難くなることが判明した。このため、本実施形態では、バックステップ流ＢＳを整流するための整流部材２０が設けられている。内周面１０ａからすぐ立ち上がるように整流面２０ａを設けたのは、バックステップ流ＢＳの妨げとならないようにするためである。なお、バックステップ流ＢＳの整流効果という観点からすると、図２に示すように頭部管１０の内周面１０ａのうちのエッジ１０ｅと対向する面に（頭部管１０の内周面１０ａのうちのエッジ１０ｅと対向する面から整流面２０ａが立ち上がるように）整流部材２０を設けることが好ましい。しかし、エッジ１０ｅの設けられた側の面以外の面に（エッジ１０ｅの設けられた側の面以外の面から整流面２０ａが立ち上がるように）整流部材２０を設ければバックステップ流ＢＳの整流効果は得られるので、エッジ１０ｅの設けられた側の面以外の面に整流部材２０を設けても良い。例えば、整流面２０ａが図２におけるＺ方向に立ち上がるように、Ｚ方向の面に整流部材２０を設けても良い。 The flow straightening member 20 guides and rectifies the back step flow BS generated in the resonance space (specifically, the inner space of the air reed instrument 1) to the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e of the jet JS. It is. Although the details will be described later, according to an experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application, it was found that the rectification of the backstep flow BS as described above makes it difficult to generate the sound reversal. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the rectifying member 20 for rectifying the backstepped flow BS is provided. The rectifying surface 20a is provided so as to immediately rise from the inner circumferential surface 10a so as not to interfere with the back step flow BS. From the viewpoint of the rectification effect of the back step flow BS, as shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 facing the edge 10e (the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 Preferably, the flow straightening member 20 is provided such that the flow straight surface 20a rises from the surface facing the edge 10e. However, if the rectifying member 20 is provided on a surface other than the surface on which the edge 10 e is provided (so that the rectifying surface 20 a rises from the surface other than the surface on which the edge 10 e is provided) Since an effect is acquired, you may provide the rectification | straightening member 20 in surfaces other than the surface by which the edge 10e was provided. For example, the flow straightening member 20 may be provided on the surface in the Z direction so that the flow straight surface 20a rises in the Z direction in FIG.
　図３は、図２におけるＸＸ´線に沿ったエアリード楽器１の断面を上流側から見た図である。本実施形態では、図３に示すように整流部材２０のＺ軸方向の長さは頭部管１０の内径よりも小さく、整流部材２０の側面２０ｂと頭部管１０の内周面１０ａとの間に隙間があいている。しかし、整流部材２０のＺ軸方向の長さがより大きく、側面２０ｂと内周面１０ａとがつながっていても良い。ただし、整流部材２０のＺ軸方向の長さが大きいほど上記整流効果は高くなる反面、エアリード楽器１の内部空間（共鳴空間）の容積が小さくなり、エアリード楽器１を演奏し難くなる（演奏音が出にくくなる）と考えられる。このため、整流部材２０のＺ軸方向の長さについては、上記整流効果の大きさと演奏のし易さとの兼ね合いで好適な値に定めるようにすれば良い。 FIG. 3 is a view of the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 taken along the line XX ′ in FIG. 2 as viewed from the upstream side. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow straightening member 20 is smaller than the inner diameter of the head pipe 10, and the side surface 20 b of the flow straightening member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head pipe 10 There is a gap between them. However, the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow control member 20 may be larger, and the side surface 20 b and the inner circumferential surface 10 a may be connected. However, the larger the length of the rectifying member 20 in the Z-axis direction, the higher the rectifying effect, while the volume of the internal space (resonance space) of the air reed instrument 1 becomes smaller, making it difficult to play the air reed instrument 1 Can be difficult to come out). Therefore, the length of the rectifying member 20 in the Z-axis direction may be set to a suitable value in consideration of the size of the rectifying effect and the ease of playing.
　図２に示すように、整流部材２０は、上流側の端部がジェットＪＳの吹き出し口１０ｃ直下の壁面１０ｄに接するように、すなわち壁面１０ｄとの間に隙間を開けずに連続して設けられている。以下では、壁面１０ｄと整流面２０ａの為す角度θを「整流面の角度」と呼ぶ。壁面１０ｄとは、頭部管１０の内部空洞における、中部管５０との接続部とは反対側の端部における気道１０ｂ以外の範囲を閉止している部分（後述する栓に相当する部分）の内面である。また、壁面１０ｄは、頭部管１０の長手方向（軸方向）に対して垂直な面である。本実施形態では、頭部管１０の内周面１０ａに対して垂直な面でもある。本願発明者の行った実験によれば、整流面２０ａの角度θを０度、１５度、３０度、４５度と大きくして行くと、エアリード楽器１の基音の周波数ｆ０と２倍音の周波数ｆ１が共に変化し、両者の比ｒ＝ｆ１／ｆ０が整数値から次第にずれて行き、比ｒの整数値からのずれが大きくなるほど音の裏返りは発生し難くなることが判明した。本実施形態では、これも利用して音の裏返りが抑止される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the flow straightening member 20 is continuously provided such that the upstream end is in contact with the wall surface 10d immediately below the outlet 10c of the jet JS, that is, without opening a gap with the wall surface 10d. ing. Hereinafter, the angle θ made by the wall surface 10d and the straightening surface 20a will be referred to as “the straightening surface angle”. The wall surface 10d is a portion (a portion corresponding to a plug which will be described later) which closes the range other than the airway 10b at the end opposite to the connection portion with the middle tube 50 in the internal cavity of the head tube 10 It is the inside. The wall surface 10 d is a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the head tube 10. In the present embodiment, it is also a plane perpendicular to the inner circumferential surface 10 a of the head tube 10. According to the experiment conducted by the inventor of the present invention, when the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20a is increased to 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, the frequency f0 of the fundamental sound of the air reed instrument 1 and the frequency f1 of the second harmonic It turns out that, as the ratio r = f1 / f0 of the both gradually deviates from the integer value and the deviation from the integer value of the ratio r becomes larger, the reversal of sound becomes more difficult to occur. In the present embodiment, this is also used to suppress the sound reversal.
　図４は、整流面２０ａの角度θが０度、１５度、３０度、４５度の各々の場合において、ジェットＪＳの流速を次第に早くしていった場合のエアリード楽器１の演奏音の周波数を示すグラフである。整流面２０ａの角度θが０度の場合（換言すれば、整流部材２０を設けない場合）はジェットＪＳの流速が８．６［ｍ／ｓ］以上になると音の裏返りが発生する。角度θが１５度の場合はジェットＪＳの流速が９．４［ｍ／ｓ］以上になると音の裏返りが発生する。角度θが３０度の場合はジェットＪＳの流速が１０．５［ｍ／ｓ］以上になると音の裏返りが発生し、角度θが４５度の場合はジェットＪＳの流速が１３．５［ｍ／ｓ］以上になると音の裏返りが発生する。この実験に用いられたエアリード楽器の整流部材の整流面は、図２に示すように、頭部管の内周面からジェットの吹き出し口の下端縁まで形成されたものである。 FIG. 4 shows the frequency of the sound played by the airlead instrument 1 when the flow velocity of the jet JS is gradually increased when the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20a is 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees. FIG. When the angle θ of the straightening surface 20a is 0 degree (in other words, when the straightening member 20 is not provided), sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 8.6 m / s or more. When the angle θ is 15 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 9.4 m / s or more. When the angle θ is 30 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 10.5 m / s or more. When the angle θ is 45 degrees, the flow velocity of the jet JS is 13.5 m / m. s] Reversal of sound occurs when it becomes more than. As shown in FIG. 2, the straightening surface of the straightening member of the air reed instrument used in this experiment is formed from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube to the lower edge of the jet outlet of the jet.
　つまり、整流部材２０をエアリード楽器１の頭部管１０内に設け、整流面２０ａの角度θを大きくするほど、音の裏返りが発生するジェットＪＳの流速は速くなる。これは、音の裏返りを発生させないジェットＪＳの流速範囲が広くなることを意味し、エアリード楽器の演奏の際に気道１０ｂへの息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りが発生し難くなることを意味する。図４には、整流面２０ａの角度θとして０度、１５度、３０度、および４５度の各々の場合が示されており、θ＝４５度の場合が音の裏返りの抑止効果が最も高いことが示されている。しかし、整流面２０ａの角度θは０度＜θ≦４５度の範囲内の角度に限定される訳ではない。ただし、θ＝９０度の場合は共鳴空間が無くなり、演奏音が出なくなるので、音の裏返りの抑止効果と演奏のし易さとの兼ね合いで０度＜θ＜９０度の範囲内で整流面２０ａの角度を好適な値に設定すれば良い。 That is, as the flow straightening member 20 is provided in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1 and the angle θ of the flow straight surface 20a is increased, the flow velocity of the jet JS at which the sound turns over becomes faster. This means that the flow velocity range of the jet JS that does not generate sound reversal is broadened, and the sound of the air reed instrument does not need to pay special attention to the strength of the breath blowing to the airway 10b. It means that it is difficult for the flipping back to occur. FIG. 4 shows the respective cases of 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees as the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20a, and the case of θ = 45 degrees has the highest effect of suppressing the sound reverse. It is shown. However, the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20 a is not limited to an angle within the range of 0 degree <θ ≦ 45 degrees. However, in the case of θ = 90 degrees, there is no resonance space, and no playing sound is produced. Therefore, the rectifying surface 20a is within the range of 0 degrees <θ <90 degrees in consideration of the effect of suppressing turning back and the ease of playing. The angle of may be set to a suitable value.
　前述したようにエアリード楽器１の外観は従来の一般的なリコーダと同様であり、運指などの演奏方法も従来の一般的なリコーダと同様である。本実施形態によれば、エアリード楽器１の頭部管１０内に整流部材２０を設けることで、エアリード楽器１における共鳴特性が変化し、かつバックステップ流ＢＳが整流されるので、エアリード楽器の演奏の際に気道１０ｂへの息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても、従来と同じ演奏方法で演奏しても音の裏返りが発生し難くなる。 As described above, the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a conventional general recorder, and the playing method such as fingering is similar to that of the conventional general recorder. According to the present embodiment, by providing the rectifying member 20 in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1, the resonance characteristic of the air lead instrument 1 is changed, and the backstep flow BS is rectified. Even if it does not pay special attention to the strength of the blow of air into the airway 10b at this time, even if it is played by the same performance method as in the past, it becomes difficult for the sound to reverse.
（Ｂ：その他の実施形態）
　以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、上記実施形態以外にも以下の実施形態が考えられる。
（１）上記実施形態では、リコーダへの適用例を説明したが、フルートなど他のエアリード楽器に本発明を適用しても良い。フルートなどリコーダ以外のエアリード楽器についても、本発明を適用しなければ（すなわち、整流部材２０を設けなければ）、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みを強くし過ぎると音の裏返りが発生するからである。また、整流部材の設置先となる管は頭部管には限定されず、中部管であっても良く、また足部管であっても良い。要は、エッジへ向かうジェットの吹き出し口が設けられた管を有するエアリード楽器であれば、当該管の内周面から立ち上がり、共鳴空間内の気流をジェットの吹き出し口とエッジの間の空間へ案内する整流面が形成された整流部材を設けることで、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りが発生し難くなる。 (B: Other Embodiments)
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, the following embodiment can be considered besides the said embodiment.
(1) In the above embodiment, although an application example to a recorder has been described, the present invention may be applied to other air reed instruments such as a flute. If the present invention is not applied to an air reed instrument other than a recorder such as a flute (ie, the flow straightening member 20 is not provided), if the blowing of air into the airway is made too strong during playing, sound reversal occurs. Because Moreover, the pipe | tube which becomes an installation destination of a rectification | straightening member is not limited to a head pipe | tube, A middle part pipe | tube may be sufficient and Moreover, a foot part pipe | tube may be sufficient. The point is that in the case of an air lead instrument having a tube provided with a jet outlet directed toward the edge, it rises from the inner circumferential surface of the tube and guides the air flow in the resonance space to the space between the jet outlet and the edge. By providing the rectifying member having the rectifying surface formed thereon, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of blowing of breath into the airway at the time of playing.
（２）上記実施形態における整流面２０ａは、頭部管１０の内周面から一定角度の傾斜で直線的に立ち上がっている。しかし、整流面２０ａは曲面から構成されてもよい。具体的には、図５に示すように頭部管１０の下流側から上流側へ向かうに連れて徐々に傾斜が急峻になるように整流面２０ａが曲線的に立ち上がっていても良い。すなわち、曲線的に傾斜していてもよい。また、図７に示すように頭部管１０の下流側から上流側へ向かうに連れて徐々に傾斜が緩やかになるように整流面２０ａが曲線的に立ち上がっていても良い。要は、整流面２０ａは、直線的であるか曲線的であるかを問わずに頭部管１０の内周面から傾斜して立ち上がっていれば良く、すぐに立ち上がっていればさらに良い。また、図６、図７及び図８に示すように、頭部管１０におけるジェットＪＳの吹き出し口直下の壁面１０ｄと整流部材２０との間に隙間があっても良い。 (2) The straightening surface 20a in the above embodiment rises linearly from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 at a certain angle. However, the rectifying surface 20a may be formed of a curved surface. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the rectifying surface 20 a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes steeper from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10. That is, it may be sloped curvilinearly. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the straightening surface 20 a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes gentler from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10. The point is that the straightening surface 20a may be inclined from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 regardless of whether it is linear or curved, and it is even better if it is immediately rising. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, there may be a gap between the wall surface 10 d just below the outlet of the jet JS in the head tube 10 and the flow straightening member 20.
　壁面１０ｄとの間に隙間を開けて整流部材２０を設ける場合は、整流面２０ａの延長線（整流面２０ａが曲線的に立ち上がっている場合にはその接線）が図８における線分ＣＢ或は線分ＣＤと交わるように配置位置および角度θを調整して整流部材２０を設けるようにすれば良い。吹き出し口１０ｃとエッジ１０ｅの間の空間へバックステップ流ＢＳを案内するという整流部材２０の役割を担保するためである。例えば、整流面２０ａの延長線が図８における線分ＣＢ或は線分ＣＤと交わるという条件を満たすためには、壁面１０ｄから離して整流部材２０を設けるほど角度θを０度＜θ＜９０度の範囲内で大きくする（例えば４５度より大きくする）必要がある。 When providing the rectifying member 20 by opening a gap between the wall surface 10d and the wall surface 10d, an extension line of the rectifying surface 20a (a tangent line of the rectifying surface 20a when it curves up) corresponds to the line segment CB in FIG. The rectifying member 20 may be provided by adjusting the arrangement position and the angle θ so as to intersect the line segment CD. This is to secure the role of the straightening member 20 for guiding the back step flow BS into the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e. For example, in order to satisfy the condition that the extension line of the straightening surface 20a intersects with the line segment CB or the line segment CD in FIG. 8, the angle θ is 0 degree <θ <90 so that the straightening member 20 is provided away from the wall surface 10d. It should be increased within the range of degrees (eg, greater than 45 degrees).
（３）整流部材２０は頭部管１０と一体で成形されていても良く、また、両者が一体で成形されていなくても良い。すなわち、頭部管１０と整流部材２０とを別々に成形した後に整流部材２０を頭部管１０の中に設置しても良い。例えば、整流部材２０と頭部管１０とを一体成形しない態様の具体例としては、図９に示すように頭部管１０と栓３０とが別部材であるエアリード楽器１Ａにおいて、頭部管１０ではなく栓３０に整流部材２０を設ける態様が考えられる。栓とは、ブロック或はフィップルとも呼ばれる部材である。エアリード楽器１Ａにおいては頭部管１０に栓３０をはめ込むことで気道１０ｂが形成される。頭部管１０ではなく栓３０に整流部材２０を設ける態様の具体例としては、図１０に示すように、頭部管１０や栓３０とは別の部材として構成・生成された（すなわち、パーツ化された）整流部材２０を栓３０に接着剤等を用いて貼り付け（ステップＳＡ１０）、当該整流部材２０が貼り付けられた栓３０を頭部管１０にはめ込んで（ステップＳＡ２０）、エアリード楽器１Ａを構成する態様が考えられる。エアリード楽器の中には、製造の都合上、頭部管と頭部管用の栓とが別部材として製造されるものがある。このようなエアリード楽器であれば、従来の栓に上記パーツ化された整流部材を張り付けて頭部管に装着することで、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りを発生し難くすることが可能になる。 (3) The flow control member 20 may be integrally formed with the head pipe 10, or both may not be integrally formed. That is, the flow straightening member 20 may be installed in the head pipe 10 after the head pipe 10 and the flow straightening member 20 are separately formed. For example, as a specific example of an aspect in which the flow control member 20 and the head tube 10 are not integrally formed, as shown in FIG. 9, the head tube 10 in the air lead instrument 1A in which the head tube 10 and the plug 30 are separate members. Rather, the aspect which provides the flow adjustment member 20 in the stopper 30 can be considered. The plug is a member also called a block or nipple. In the air lead instrument 1A, the airway 30 is formed by fitting the plug 30 into the head tube 10. As a specific example of the aspect which provides the flow adjustment member 20 in the plug 30 instead of the head pipe 10, as shown in FIG. 10, the head pipe 10 and the plug 30 are configured and generated as separate members (that is, parts And fix the straightening member 20 to the plug 30 using an adhesive or the like (step SA10), and insert the plug 30 to which the straightening member 20 is attached into the head tube 10 (step SA20). The aspect which comprises 1A can be considered. Some air lead instruments are manufactured as separate members for the head tube and the plug for the head tube, for the convenience of production. In the case of such an air reed instrument, by attaching the above-described commutated member to the conventional plug and attaching it to the head tube, special consideration is given to the strength of the blow of air into the airway when playing. It is possible to make it difficult to generate sound reversal even if you do not pay for it.
　また、図１１に示すように、整流部材２０と上述の栓３０とが一体に成形された栓３０Ａを頭部管１０とは別個にパーツ化しておき、図１０のステップＳＡ２０では、頭部管１０において整流部材２０の貼り付けられた栓３０がはめ込まれる空間に、当該整流部材２０の貼り付けられた栓３０に代えて、図１１に示す栓３０Ａをはめ込んでエアリード楽器１Ａを構成しても良い。従来の栓３０を栓３０Ａに取り換えることで、演奏の際に気道への息の吹込みの強さに特段の配慮を払わなくても音の裏返りを発生し難くすることが可能になる。整流部材２０を単体でパーツ化する場合、このパーツ化された整流部材２０を単体で製造販売しても良い。このパーツ化された整流部材２０とは、エアリード楽器の頭部管に装着された場合に当該頭部管の内周面から立ち上がり、共鳴空間内の気流をジェットの吹き出し口とエッジとの間の空間へ案内する整流面が形成された整流部材である。図１１の栓３０Ａのように整流部材を栓と一体成形する場合、栓３０Ａを単体で製造販売しても良い。なお、整流部材２０を単体でパーツ化しておく態様であれば、当該パーツ化された整流部材２０を頭部管１０内に貼り付けた後に従来の栓を頭部管１０に装着しても、上記実施形態と同様の効果が得られる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the plug 30A in which the straightening member 20 and the plug 30 described above are integrally formed is made into parts separately from the head pipe 10, and in step SA20 of FIG. Even if the plug 30A attached to the flow straightening member 20 is fitted into the space 10 in 10 instead of the plug 30 attached to the flow straightening member 20, the plug 30A shown in FIG. good. By replacing the conventional plug 30 with the plug 30A, it becomes possible to make it difficult to generate sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the breath blowing into the airway during the performance. When the flow straightening member 20 is made into a part as a single piece, the partized flow straightening member 20 may be manufactured and sold as a single piece. The partized flow straightening member 20 stands up from the inner peripheral surface of the head tube when mounted on the head tube of an air reed instrument, and the air flow in the resonance space is between the jet outlet and the edge of the jet. It is a straightening member in which the straightening face which leads to space was formed. When the flow control member is integrally formed with the plug as in the plug 30A of FIG. 11, the plug 30A may be manufactured and sold alone. In the case of a mode in which the flow straightening member 20 is made into a single part, even if the conventional plug is attached to the head pipe 10 after pasting the flow straight out member 20 into the head pipe 10, The same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained.
　整流部材２０をエアリード楽器（或いは頭部管）と一体で形成する態様としては、例えば、図１２に示すように、エアリード楽器１Ｂ（或は頭部管１０）を、その中心軸を含み、かつ歌口を等分する平面により切断した部材（例えば、図１２におけるＹＹ´線に沿った平面による断面の頭部管１０付近の形状が図２に示す形状となる部材）を接着剤等で張り合わせることで形成する態様が考えられる。具体的には、プラスチックなどの樹脂を用いて整流部材２０を有する上記各部材を射出成型し、それらの部材を張り合わせてエアリード楽器１Ｂを形成すればよい。この場合、トーンホールについては上記各部材を張り合わせた後に設けるようにすれば良い。 As an embodiment in which the flow straightening member 20 is integrally formed with the air lead instrument (or head tube), for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the air lead instrument 1B (or head tube 10) includes its central axis and A member (for example, a member having a shape shown in FIG. 2 in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of a cross section taken along a plane along the YY 'line in FIG. 12) which is cut by a plane equally dividing the song The aspect formed by this is considered. Specifically, the above-described members having the flow control member 20 may be injection molded using a resin such as plastic, and those members may be pasted together to form the air lead instrument 1B. In this case, the tone holes may be provided after bonding the above-described respective members.
１、１Ａ、１Ｂ　エアリード楽器
１０　頭部管
１０ａ　内周面
１０ｂ　気道
１０ｃ　吹き出し口
１０ｄ　壁面
１０ｅ　エッジ
２０　整流部材
２０ａ　整流面
３０、３０Ａ　栓
４０、６０　ジョイント部
５０　中部管
７０　足部管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A, 1B Air lead musical instrument 10 Head tube 10a Inner peripheral surface 10b Airway 10c Air outlet 10d Wall surface 10e Edge 20 Rectifying member 20a Rectifying surface 30, 30A Plug 40, 60 Joint part 50 Middle tube 70 foot tube

Claims (10)

  1. 　エアリード楽器の管の内部に配置される整流部材であって、
    　前記管の内周面から、前記管の長手方向におけるジェットの吹き出し口側に向けて立ち上がる整流面が形成されているエアリード楽器用の整流部材。     A flow straightener disposed inside the tube of an air lead instrument, wherein
    A straightening member for an air lead musical instrument, wherein a straightening surface is formed to rise from the inner circumferential surface of the tube toward the jet outlet side in the longitudinal direction of the tube.
  2. 　前記整流面が、前記管の内周面から段差なく立ち上がっている請求項１に記載のエアリード楽器用の整流部材。 The straightening member for an air lead musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the straightening surface rises without any step from the inner circumferential surface of the tube.
  3. 　前記管が頭部管である請求項１又は請求項２に記載のエアリード楽器用の整流部材。 The straightening member for an air lead musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the pipe is a head pipe.
  4. 　前記整流面が、エアリード楽器の共鳴空間内の気流をジェットの吹き出し口とエッジとの間の空間へ案内するように形成されている請求項１、請求項２又は請求項３に記載のエアリード楽器用の整流部材。 The air lead instrument according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the rectifying surface is formed to guide the air flow in the resonance space of the air lead instrument to the space between the jet outlet and the edge. Straightening member for
  5. 　前記整流面が曲面である請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の整流部材。 The straightening member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the straightening surface is a curved surface.
  6. 　請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の整流部材を備えるエアリード楽器の栓。 A plug for an air lead instrument comprising the flow straightening member according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. 　エッジへ向かうジェットの吹き出し口が設けられた管と、
    　請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の整流部材と
    　を有するエアリード楽器。     A tube with a jet outlet towards the edge,
    An air lead instrument comprising: the flow straightening member according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
  8. 　前記管の内部空洞の長手方向端部に栓が設けられており、
    　前記整流部材が、この栓から前記長手方向に連続して配置されている請求項７に記載のエアリード楽器。     A plug is provided at the longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the tube,
    The air lead instrument according to claim 7, wherein the flow straightening member is disposed continuously from the plug in the longitudinal direction.
  9. 　前記管の内部空洞の長手方向端部に栓が設けられており、
    　前記整流部材が、この栓から前記長手方向に離間して配置されている請求項７に記載のエアリード楽器。     A plug is provided at the longitudinal end of the internal cavity of the tube,
    The air lead instrument according to claim 7, wherein the flow straightening member is disposed apart from the plug in the longitudinal direction.
  10. 　リコーダである請求項７、請求項８又は請求項９に記載のエアリード楽器。
          The air reed instrument according to claim 7, which is a recorder.
PCT/JP2018/041665 2017-12-21 2018-11-09 Flow control member for air-reed instrument, stop for air-reed instrument, and air-reed instrument WO2019123882A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017-245304 2017-12-21
JP2017245304A JP2019113624A (en) 2017-12-21 2017-12-21 Rectification member for air reed musical instrument, stopper of air reed musical instrument and air reed musical instrument

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019123882A1 true WO2019123882A1 (en) 2019-06-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722348A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-03-27 H Visser Wind instrument
JPS5655992A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-05-16 Hohner Ag Matth Recorder
JPH07129153A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-19 Yoshiko Toyama Mouth piece structure of recorder
JP3047388U (en) * 1997-09-24 1998-04-10 株式会社三響フルート製作所 Flute head tube
JP2002073012A (en) * 2000-08-17 2002-03-12 Fun Guo Jan Wind instrument
JP2003005742A (en) * 2001-06-19 2003-01-08 Masunaga Sachiko Flute
JP3135624U (en) * 2007-07-12 2007-09-20 正治 相原 Member attached to flute head tube
JP2017083611A (en) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-18 株式会社ｙｏｊ企画 Woodwind instrument

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722348A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-03-27 H Visser Wind instrument
JPS5655992A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-05-16 Hohner Ag Matth Recorder
JPH07129153A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-19 Yoshiko Toyama Mouth piece structure of recorder
JP3047388U (en) * 1997-09-24 1998-04-10 株式会社三響フルート製作所 Flute head tube
JP2002073012A (en) * 2000-08-17 2002-03-12 Fun Guo Jan Wind instrument
JP2003005742A (en) * 2001-06-19 2003-01-08 Masunaga Sachiko Flute
JP3135624U (en) * 2007-07-12 2007-09-20 正治 相原 Member attached to flute head tube
JP2017083611A (en) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-18 株式会社ｙｏｊ企画 Woodwind instrument

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