WO2019122468A1 - Filtre combiné pour l'élimination de goudrons et de composés toxiques de la fumée du tabac - Google Patents

Filtre combiné pour l'élimination de goudrons et de composés toxiques de la fumée du tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019122468A1
WO2019122468A1 PCT/ES2018/070710 ES2018070710W WO2019122468A1 WO 2019122468 A1 WO2019122468 A1 WO 2019122468A1 ES 2018070710 W ES2018070710 W ES 2018070710W WO 2019122468 A1 WO2019122468 A1 WO 2019122468A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane
tars
tobacco
filter
tobacco smoke
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2018/070710
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Antonio Francisco Marcilla Gomis
María Beltrán Rico
Javier ASENSIO MORANT
Pedro Sa;vador MARCILLA PÉREZ
Nerea JUÁREZ SERRANO
Isabel MARTÍNEZ CASTELLANOS
Deseada BERENGUER MUÑOZ
Inmaculada BLASCO LÓPEZ
Emilio CALABUIG BELDA
Original Assignee
Universidad De Alicante
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Alicante filed Critical Universidad De Alicante
Priority to EP18891845.2A priority Critical patent/EP3729978A4/fr
Publication of WO2019122468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019122468A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A24D3/045—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with smoke acceleration means, e.g. impact-filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/166—Silicic acid or silicates

Definitions

  • the purpose of the present patent is to describe a combined filter for the reduction of tars, nicotine and other toxic compounds in the gaseous stream of tobacco smoke.
  • the field of application of the present invention is the tobacco industrial sector referred to cigarettes and in particular to filter assemblies for use with cigarettes.
  • the cigarettes are basically constituted by a paper cylinder where the tobacco mixture and a filter are located.
  • paper it can be said as an example that its permeability has been studied, its combustion has been modified, for example, as disclosed in the document, "Effect of potassium inorganic and organic salts on the pyrolysis kinetics of cigarette paper” from Deqing Zao et al., (Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 102 (2013) 114-123). Papers favoring self-extinction have also been developed and applied, as for example disclosed in document PCT / KR2009 / 003425, among other aspects.
  • Filters have been developed that include particles of adsorbent materials uniformly distributed throughout the filter; filters in whose section liquid fatty acids are incorporated, as is the case of document TW I243026; or cigarette filters where in the adsorbent layers they comprise matrices of thermosetting synthetic resin such as the phenol-formaldehyde resin, as disclosed in US2003070686.
  • Others include concentric cylinders of adsorbent material distributed in the main cellulose acetate filter; ventilated structures that house different membranes, as defined in DE19924205658; or filters with helical grooves incorporating adsorbent materials, as disclosed in EA200401360.
  • the present invention develops a new filter typology comprising up to three types of membranes, each with specific characteristics, in which the location of said membranes is essential for achieve the objective of an improvement in the results of the elimination of tars and toxic compounds from tobacco smoke, and may be applicable to any type of cigarette.
  • the present invention consists of a filter comprising up to three types of membranes for the removal of tars and toxic compounds from tobacco smoke.
  • a study of the relative position of the membranes that make up said filter, and the type of materials used, is developed in this document, obtaining a valuable and selective result. From this study it is derived that those membranes located in that position improve the results of elimination of tars and toxic compounds from tobacco smoke.
  • this filter is applicable to any cigarette in the variety of commercial products, as in the filling tubes, filters for rolling tobacco or even systems complementary to conventional filters as described herein. .
  • the first of the elements is an impermeable membrane that causes the condensation of tars and removes part of the nicotine contained in the aerosol of tobacco smoke and that should be located preferably immediately after the tobacco column, in contact with it.
  • This membrane comprises at least one waterproof disk, discs that can be made of different materials, and includes a series of small holes.
  • a plurality of orifices are available through which the smoke undergoes an acceleration and a post-orifice expansion that causes its condensation.
  • the fundamental characteristics of this system are the number of holes and their diameter, the length of the holes (thickness of the membrane) and the material from which it is formed, provided it is impermeable, do not affect the effectiveness of the same, provided that is located after the tobacco column. This differential fact is what allows different materials to be used for their elaboration and different thicknesses, the only condition is that they are manageable according to the application in which they are going to be used.
  • the primary membrane is constituted by any non-toxic and impermeable or semi-permeable material, preferably impermeable, manufactured by any industrial, semi-industrial or manual process, where the material can be paper, cardboard, wood, ceramics, acetate, cellulose, aluminum or other metal, foams of closed pore plastic materials; wherein the membrane has a circular or cylindrical shape, of a diameter equal to that of the tobacco column or the conventional filter, with orifices or small diameter conduits, which cross it perpendicular to the circular section and uniformly distributed in said section, located in contact with the tobacco column, between said column and the following membranes, so that it only allows the passage of cigarette smoke (or most of it, in case of being semipermeable) through the orifices or ducts that they go through it.
  • the material can be paper, cardboard, wood, ceramics, acetate, cellulose, aluminum or other metal, foams of closed pore plastic materials
  • the membrane has a circular or cylindrical shape, of a diameter equal to that of the tobacco column or
  • the membrane has a length (cylinder side) of some microns (paper) at 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, to facilitate its handling.
  • the membrane includes a number of holes of such diameter that they have a free passage section between 0.2 and 30%, preferably between 2 and 15%. In this sense they can include from 1 to 10 holes, with diameters comprised between 0.5 and 1 mm, preferably 2 to 5 holes with a diameter between 0.7 and 1.2 mm. These holes have a cross section of the holes that is not circular.
  • these membranes may include a layer of adhesive, or self-adhesive, to facilitate their incorporation, especially in the case of their direct application by the consumer to the rolling tobacco column (T).
  • These membranes are also capable of incorporating aromas or flavors of the type of menthol, cocoa, vanilla or any other additive, including nicotine, so that the smoke, when passing through the orifices entrain these substances transmitting to the smoker the corresponding sensations, at the same time that providing a lesser inhalation of tars and toxic substances, and opening the possibility to a large number of combinations of flavors and reductions.
  • the second membrane is formed by an adsorbent material composed of solids of the mesoporous silica type SBA-15, MCM-41, zeolites or mesoporous activated carbons, whether or not included in a permeable matrix of plastic material or in cellulose acetate fibers and that acts on the gases generated, adsorbing certain compounds.
  • the material of this second membrane can incorporate aluminum or other active metals in its structure, in order to promote the adsorption of certain compounds and reduce the inhalation thereof by the smoker.
  • This membrane can be prepared directly with these materials using the appropriate granulometry in a layer of a certain thickness, or manufactured with cellulose acetate fibers or other fibers that can be used in filters, such as cotton fibers, to which these are incorporated. materials, either by physical mixing with the fiber already finished, or in the process of manufacturing them.
  • This type of membrane also allows the incorporation of flavors, aromas or nicotine, being more effective for this purpose than the primary membrane. Therefore, the joint use of the two membranes is especially attractive, although both could be used separately.
  • the filter includes an outer, tertiary or third filter membrane, which is the one in contact with the mouth of the smoker, which is a cylinder of the appropriate length of a conventional filter and constituted by cellulose acetate fiber, and which It can incorporate ducts of different sections or other varieties.
  • This membrane is capable of including aroma, flavor or nicotine capsules or containing said adsorbed compounds or as a physical mixture so that they are released in the main current to be crossed through the filters that contain them by tobacco smoke
  • the aforementioned nozzles on the market are made of plastic materials and have a system to collect said tars and avoid contact with the smoker.
  • the fact that they can be transparent is an intentional commercial strategy, since it allows observing what they are able to avoid the smoker, since the condensed in them, would have passed to their organism, in case of not having used them.
  • they are nozzles to fit the cigarette they must have a design that allows said adjustment, which translates into the corresponding complexity and cost.
  • this membrane is located next to the tobacco column and in contact with it.
  • an effect similar to those described for the aforementioned nozzles is achieved, that is to say, a condensation of tars is produced, which do not come into contact with the mouth of the smoker, but are retained in the membranes that follow it and in addition,
  • the visual effect for the smoker is just as evident as he can easily verify that the end of the filter in contact with his mouth is clearly cleaner than a conventional filter that uses this system.
  • the rest of the membranes that are then arranged serve to improve and amplify the good final results. All this with a remarkably reduced cost and easily enabling the dispensing of flavors or aromas to the smoker.
  • these membranes can be grouped into cigarette paper booklets, where said package contains a series of membranes of the type described above, arranged in the container itself in a uniform manner, it being possible to separate said membranes easily from the container and having to place them on the outside of the filter in contact with the tobacco.
  • the above membranes can be manufactured separately. If they were manufactured separately, the primary and secondary could be used directly by the consumer when filling their conventional tubes or when making their cigarettes with rolling tobacco, assembling in their cigarette said membranes. Alternatively, they may already be assembled in commercial filters that incorporate them, either including flavors or flavors or in their neutral form.
  • these membranes can be used or used in filters for any type of tobacco column, such as conventional cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, unfiltered cigarettes or those commonly known as hand-rolled cigarettes.
  • Fig. 1 is a drawing in which a column is observed in a sectioned manner followed by a filter with the primary and outer membrane.
  • Fig.2 is a drawing, according to the previous figure, where the joined set of any column with the filter is observed.
  • Fig.3 is a drawing of a cross section of the primary membrane where the holes or perforations made in it are observed.
  • Fig.4 is a drawing in which a column is observed in a sectioned manner followed by a filter with the primary, intermediate and outer membrane.
  • Fig.5 is a drawing, according to the previous figure, where the joined set of any column with the filter is observed.
  • the cigarettes are conditioned at room temperature and 60% relative humidity, keeping them in a desiccator provided with a saturated solution of sodium nitrite, at least during 48 h before being smoked.
  • the smoke including CO, C02 and other non-condensable products, passes through the cigarette filter as well as a trap (glass fiber Cambridge filter) where the condensable products that would be inhaled by the smoker are collected.
  • the non-condensable products are collected in a Tediar bag for gases, located behind the Cambridge filter, which is reserved for further analysis by gas chromatography (GC).
  • GC gas chromatography
  • the condensable products retained in the trap after the filter are extracted with 2-propanol, making sure that all the compounds retained in the trap are recovered.
  • the extract is then dried with sodium sulfate and reserved for further analysis by GC.
  • the determination of the content in CO and C02 in the non-condensable fraction is carried out by GC, using a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) and a concentric column CTRI, in a SHIMADZU GC-14A equipment, using a calibration by means of standards external.
  • the quantification has been done by calculating the response factor (grams of compound / peak area) of these compounds by injecting different volumes (between 0.5 and 2.5 ml_) of the corresponding pattern (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and oxygen).
  • the conditions of the analysis are:
  • GC-FID flame ionization detector
  • Injector temperature 150 ° C
  • Carrier gas Helium
  • the condensable compounds (extracted with 2-propanol from the filters of the cigarettes and the smoke traps) are analyzed by GC with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), using an HP-5MS column and the following conditions :
  • Carrier gas Helium
  • Cigarettes have been smoked using filters of the same type as those described in the first embodiment (M1-2), but with 1 (M1-1) and 3 (M1-3) holes in the first membrane (M1).
  • the results show that the reductions are progressively greater as the number of holes decreases, but the number of puffs increases remarkably, so that with an orifice an appreciable difference is observed with the cigarette without the primary membrane (M1). In this case, the voluntary smokers showed greater resistance to smoking.
  • Cigarettes have been smoked using the primary membrane (M1) with 2 holes of 0.7 mm in diameter and an outer membrane (M3) with a length 5 mm less than the conventional one.
  • the results obtained indicate that the primary membrane (M1) is much more effective than the outer membrane (M3), so that the decrease in the length of said membrane is barely noticeable, which could mean a cost saving in the filter manufacturing, as less material is required for the same filter effectiveness.
  • Embodiment 4 The examples shown so far correspond to experiments where the primary membrane (M1) has been made with filter paper, in this case a 2 mm thick EVA foam sheet has been used, circles of 8 mm have been die cut. diameter and 2 holes of 0.7 mm diameter have been made. In this case the length of the outer membrane (M3) has been reduced by 2 mm, to compensate the thickness of M1, so that the length of the filtering system is the same as in conventional cigarettes. The results obtained are practically identical to those obtained with the primary membrane (M1) of filter paper with the same 2 holes of 0.7 mm diameter. It can be concluded that the material and the thickness of the membrane have a reduced effect on its behavior. Realization 5
  • the degree of compaction of this membrane is a parameter with an important effect on the observed behavior.
  • the three adsorbent materials were analyzed first and the membranes were prepared in such a way that their apparent density was the same as that of the original filter, so that 5 mm of the acetate filter was eliminated.
  • Embodiment 6 Finally, in either of the two primary (M1) or intermediate (M2) membranes, flavors and aromas or nicotine can be incorporated very effectively. Specifically, examples have been made including menthol in both the primary (M1) and intermediate (M2) membranes. The results obtained show the same reduction as in the case of not using menthol, but a high intensity peak corresponding to menthol has been detected in the condensate chromatogram. Smokers who have tried these cigarettes have found them totally similar to commercial menthol.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un filtre combiné pour l'élimination de goudrons et de composés toxiques de la fumée du tabac qui est utilisé sur n'importe quel type de colonne de tabac comprenant une membrane primaire (M1) située à l'extrémité de la colonne de tabac constituée d'au moins un disque de matière imperméable et qui est perforée par au moins un orifice la traversant dans le sens perpendiculaire à la section transversale de la membrane de manière que la surface perforée présente une section libre de passage représentant entre 0,2% et 30% de la totalité de la section de la membrane ; une membrane externe (M3) située à l'extrémité en contact avec le fumeur et constituée de fibre d'acétate de cellulose ; et qui peut incorporer une membrane intermédiaire (M2) ayant une forme cylindrique formée d'une matière adsorbante entre la membrane primaire (M1) et la membrane extérieure (M3).
PCT/ES2018/070710 2017-12-21 2018-11-05 Filtre combiné pour l'élimination de goudrons et de composés toxiques de la fumée du tabac WO2019122468A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18891845.2A EP3729978A4 (fr) 2017-12-21 2018-11-05 Filtre combiné pour l'élimination de goudrons et de composés toxiques de la fumée du tabac

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201731446 2017-12-21
ES201731446A ES2717550B2 (es) 2017-12-21 2017-12-21 Filtro combinado para la eliminacion de alquitranes y compuestos toxicos del humo del tabaco

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019122468A1 true WO2019122468A1 (fr) 2019-06-27

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PCT/ES2018/070710 WO2019122468A1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2018-11-05 Filtre combiné pour l'élimination de goudrons et de composés toxiques de la fumée du tabac

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3729978A4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2717550B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019122468A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021116513A1 (fr) * 2019-12-11 2021-06-17 Universidad De Alicante Cigarettes pour dispositifs de chauffage de tabac sans combustion

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2970265A1 (es) * 2022-10-24 2024-05-27 Univ Alicante Maquina, procedimiento de fabricacion y filtro reductor de alquitranes y compuestos toxicos del tabaco
ES2976092A1 (es) * 2022-10-24 2024-07-23 Univ Dalacant / Univ De Alicante Instalacion, procedimiento de fabricacion y filtro reductor de alquitranes y compuestos toxicos del tabaco

Citations (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434480A (en) 1966-04-29 1969-03-25 Tar Gard Co Disposable filter for tobacco-smoking device
ES2117092T3 (es) * 1992-02-25 1998-08-01 Reemtsma H F & Ph Cigarrillo ventilado con filtro.
US20030070686A1 (en) 2001-08-01 2003-04-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Cigarette filter
EA200401360A1 (ru) 2002-04-12 2005-04-28 Филип Моррис Продактс, С. А. Сигаретный фильтр с волокнами активированного угля
TWI243026B (en) 2001-10-30 2005-11-11 Japan Tobacco Inc Filter section for cigarette and cigarette comprising the same
US20060196513A1 (en) 2004-12-30 2006-09-07 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Triple hopper max with built-in granulated cavity filling capability
WO2008018617A1 (fr) 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Filtre à cigarette
WO2008142420A1 (fr) 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Filtrona International Limited Filtre pour fumée de tabac
ES2307735T3 (es) * 2001-10-04 2008-12-01 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Filtro de carbon vegetal activado para reducir la p-benzosemiquinona del humo de la corriente principal de un cigarrillo.
ES2340084T3 (es) * 2003-09-30 2010-05-28 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarrillo con filtro que incorpora un material adsorbente.
ES2375106T3 (es) * 2001-08-01 2012-02-24 Brown & Williamson Holdings, Inc. Filtro para cigarrillo.

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NL277128A (fr) * 1961-04-14
CH426594A (de) * 1964-03-10 1966-12-15 Ent Keller Hans Filteranordnung für Rauchwaren
US3492998A (en) * 1969-04-30 1970-02-03 John A Mascaro Filtering arrangement for smoking articles
US4469112A (en) * 1980-09-08 1984-09-04 Celanese Corporation Compound filter
DK499289A (da) * 1988-10-12 1990-04-13 Rothmans Int Tobacco Stangelementer til cigaretfiltre og cigaretter udstyret med saadanne stangelementer
GB9023368D0 (en) * 1990-10-26 1990-12-05 Rothmans International Ltd Smoking article

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434480A (en) 1966-04-29 1969-03-25 Tar Gard Co Disposable filter for tobacco-smoking device
ES2117092T3 (es) * 1992-02-25 1998-08-01 Reemtsma H F & Ph Cigarrillo ventilado con filtro.
US20030070686A1 (en) 2001-08-01 2003-04-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Cigarette filter
ES2375106T3 (es) * 2001-08-01 2012-02-24 Brown & Williamson Holdings, Inc. Filtro para cigarrillo.
ES2307735T3 (es) * 2001-10-04 2008-12-01 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Filtro de carbon vegetal activado para reducir la p-benzosemiquinona del humo de la corriente principal de un cigarrillo.
TWI243026B (en) 2001-10-30 2005-11-11 Japan Tobacco Inc Filter section for cigarette and cigarette comprising the same
EA200401360A1 (ru) 2002-04-12 2005-04-28 Филип Моррис Продактс, С. А. Сигаретный фильтр с волокнами активированного угля
ES2340084T3 (es) * 2003-09-30 2010-05-28 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarrillo con filtro que incorpora un material adsorbente.
US20060196513A1 (en) 2004-12-30 2006-09-07 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Triple hopper max with built-in granulated cavity filling capability
WO2008018617A1 (fr) 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Filtre à cigarette
WO2008142420A1 (fr) 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Filtrona International Limited Filtre pour fumée de tabac

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Title
A. MARCILLA ET AL., TOXICOLOGY REPORTS (OPEN ACCESS, vol. 2, 2015, pages 152 - 164
B HARRIS, TOBACCO CONTROL, vol. 20, no. 1, 2011, pages H0 - H6
DEQING ZAO ET AL., JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS, vol. 102, 2013, pages 114 - 123
FEDERAL REGISTER, vol. 77, no. 64, 3 April 2012 (2012-04-03)
See also references of EP3729978A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021116513A1 (fr) * 2019-12-11 2021-06-17 Universidad De Alicante Cigarettes pour dispositifs de chauffage de tabac sans combustion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2717550A1 (es) 2019-06-21
ES2717550B2 (es) 2020-02-28
EP3729978A1 (fr) 2020-10-28
EP3729978A4 (fr) 2021-08-25

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