WO2019096343A1 - Photo-thermogenerator - Google Patents

Photo-thermogenerator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019096343A1
WO2019096343A1 PCT/DE2018/100835 DE2018100835W WO2019096343A1 WO 2019096343 A1 WO2019096343 A1 WO 2019096343A1 DE 2018100835 W DE2018100835 W DE 2018100835W WO 2019096343 A1 WO2019096343 A1 WO 2019096343A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photo
peltier element
support plate
electrode
ceiling
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PCT/DE2018/100835
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Hornig
Original Assignee
Bpe E.K.
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Publication of WO2019096343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019096343A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element and a Peltier element for the efficient and low-loss conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy; It is particularly suitable for use at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation.
  • Peltier elements can be operated as thermogenerators for DC generation by converting a heat flow into electrical current by utilizing the Seebeck effect. This use of Peltier elements, as well as the combination of photovoltaic and Peltier elements for the conversion of solar radiation into electricity, is well known.
  • DE 10 2011 051 507 A1 DE 10 2011 051 507 A1
  • the known photovoltaic and thermal generator modules have a typical structure here:
  • Conventional photovoltaic modules have a semiconductor layer provided with contact electrodes.
  • the semiconductor layer is covered or encased with an embedding film and a glass pane.
  • Peltier elements are constructed in the commercial versions of an electrically contacted semiconductor layer between two, usually consisting of alumina ceramic support plates.
  • the construction of a Peltier element is evident, for example, from US 2014/0041705 A1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a photo-thermal generator comprising a Fotovolta- ikelement and a Peltier element, which makes it possible to pass the heat generated in Fotovolta- ikelement unhindered to the Peltier element to either the waste heat of the photovoltaic element in the Peltier element into electrical energy while at the same time passively cooling the photovoltaic element or alternatively operating the Peltier element for low-loss active cooling of the photovoltaic element.
  • the photo-thermal generator for converting solar radiation into electrical energy comprises at least one photovoltaic element as well as at least one peltier element directly thermally contacted with the photovoltaic element.
  • the Peltier element has a layered or layered structure, wherein a cover carrier plate and a bottom support plate include a semiconductor layer of a plurality of individual semiconductor elements. Between the bottom support plate and the semiconductor layer there is a bottom electrode and between the electrical ceiling support plate and the semiconductor layer a ceiling electrode. The top and bottom electrodes are electrically conductively connected to the respective opposite sides of the semiconductor layer in a generally known manner. Each of the layers of the Peltier element is thermally contacted to their respective adjacent layers, so that the heat can pass unhindered from one layer into the immediately adjacent layers.
  • the photovoltaic element is also constructed in a known manner layer or layer-like and comprises a front electrode, which faces the incident solar radiation when used as intended, and a rear side electrode, wherein a semiconductor layer, preferably of doped silicon, is arranged between these electrodes.
  • the semiconductor layer of the photovoltaic element is directly thermally contacted directly with the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element and / or the rear side electrode of the photovoltaic element with the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element.
  • the ceiling electrode of the Peltier element according to the invention is electrically connected directly to the rear side electrode of the photovoltaic element.
  • the photovoltaic element and the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element face the solar radiation.
  • the photovoltaic element has a smaller lateral extent than the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element, so that only a partial area of the ceiling support plate is covered by the photovoltaic element from direct solar radiation. In the uncovered areas of the ceiling support plate, the solar radiation can directly heat the Peltier element.
  • the photothermal generator can comprise a control and regulation unit, which regulates the delivery of the electrical energy in the form of direct current, and the Peltier element can be supplied with electrical energy for actively cooling the energy Photovoltaic elements are operated. Especially at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation, this opens up the possibility of counteracting by active cooling of the photovoltaic element known as the "voltage drop" effect.
  • the control and regulation unit is connected via electrical conductors to the front and rear side electrodes of the photovoltaic element and to the bottom and top electrodes of the Peltier element.
  • the ceiling support plate has a two-dimensional indentation, into which the photovoltaic element is inserted.
  • An advantage of the photovoltaic element integrated in the ceiling support plate is the intensification of the heat transfer from the photovoltaic element into the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element, since heat can be transferred to the Peltier element in addition to the floor surface via the side surfaces of the photovoltaic element.
  • the photo-thermal generator at least on the side on which the photovoltaic element is mounted, a protective cover to protect against environmental influences, such as corrosive and / or me mechanical stresses, has.
  • the protective cover is preferably made of glass or ceramic and is transparent to visible and infrared light.
  • the protective cover can also enclose the entire photo-thermal generator and is referred to in this case as a protective cover.
  • the photo-thermal reactor can have a protective frame, for example of an aluminum alloy.
  • the protective covering consists of a transparent spinel ceramic, in particular magnesium-aluminum spinels.
  • the transparent spinel ceramic is characterized by a high radiation transmittance both in the ultraviolet, in the visible and in the infrared wavelength range.
  • the protective cover thus ensures protection against environmental influences without hindering the access of the solar radiation to the semiconductor components of the photovoltaic and Peltier element.
  • the protective cover consists of a LAS glass ceramic, at least in the region covering the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element. In addition to the protective effect against environmental influences, this also ensures a good radiation permeability, in particular for infrared radiation.
  • the ceiling support plate may be as thin as possible, in particular with a thickness of less than 0.25 mm. The small thickness allows a good heat transfer from the photovoltaic element to the semiconductor layer of the Peltier element.
  • the ceiling support plate is made of a ceramic material, which are particularly suitable ceramic materials with a high thermal conductivity, such as ceramics based on aluminum nitride or silicon carbide.
  • the bottom support plate of the Peltier element is connected to a preferably plate-shaped heat accumulator.
  • the heat accumulator enables the generation of energy by means of the Peltier element in periods without direct solar irradiation by utilizing the waste heat of the heat accumulator.
  • the semiconductor layer of the photovoltaic element can be connected to the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element and / or the backside electrode of the photovoltaic element to be connected to the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element by means of a thin ceramic adhesive layer based on aluminum oxide and / or aluminum nitride.
  • the cohesive connection with a ceramic material of high thermal conductivity improves the heat transfer at the interfaces between Peltier and Fotovoltaikelement.
  • FIG. 2 the photo-thermal generator in the basic version in diagonal section
  • FIG. 3 the photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element inserted into the ceiling-support plate of the Peltier element in a first embodiment in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 3 the photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element inserted into the ceiling-support plate of the Peltier element in a first embodiment in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 4 shows the photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element inserted into the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element in a second embodiment in longitudinal section.
  • the photothermal generator 6 for converting the solar radiation 6 into electrical direct current respectively has the Peltier element 2 and the photovoltaic element 1, wherein the photovoltaic element 1 is applied to the rectangular basic shape of the Peltier element 2 in a diamond shape.
  • Both the photovoltaic element 1 and the Peltier element 2 have a layered or layered structure whose individual layers or layers are in each case thermally contacted with the adjacent layer or layer.
  • the Peltier element 2 comprises the ceiling support plate 2.1 made of an aluminum nitride ceramic, to which the ceiling electrode 2.2, the semiconductor layer 2.3 of approximately 80 individual semiconductor elements and the bottom electrode 2.4 connect.
  • the lower end is formed by the bottom support plate 2.5 made of alumina ceramics.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 has the semiconductor layer 1.2 of doped silicon between the front electrode 1.1 and the backside electrode 1.3.
  • the rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 is connected in a thermally contacting manner to the ceiling support plate 2.1 of the Peltier element 2 by means of a thin aluminum nitride ceramic adhesive layer.
  • the control and regulation unit 3 is connected via the electrical conductors 5 to the front electrode 1.1 and rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 and to the ceiling electrode 2.2 and bottom electrode 2.4 of the Peltier element 2. It serves to regulate the DC output as well as to control the pelletizing element 2, for example for the active cooling of the photovoltaic element 1, in order to counteract the overheating of the photovoltaic element 1 at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation 6.
  • the photo-thermal generator of the basic version according to the Diagonal bain- representation in FIG. 2 corresponds in structure to that of FIG. 1.
  • the protective cover or cover 4 is shown. At the solar radiation 6 side facing the photo-thermal generator, the protective cover 4 consists of a transparent magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic.
  • the embodiments of the photo-thermal generator of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 have the same components or the same structural structure of the components as those of the basic version according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
  • Photovoltaic element 1 in the embodiments according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is inserted within a recess in the ceiling support plate 2.1 of the Peltier element 2.
  • the rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 is electrically connected directly and also thermally to the ceiling electrode 2.2 of the Peltier element 2; 4, in contrast, has a thin electrically insulating residual layer of the ceiling support plate 2.1 between the rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 and the ceiling electrode 2.2 of the Peltier element 2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a photo-thermogenerator, comprising a photovoltaic element (1) and a Peltier element (2), for the efficient and low-loss conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy. The photo-thermogenerator is characterized by direct thermal contact between the semiconductor layer (1.2) of the photovoltaic element (1) and the cover carrier plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (1), whereby unhindered heat transfer from the photovoltaic element (1) into the Peltier element (2) is ensured. Because of the possibility of effectively passively or actively cooling the photovoltaic element (1) by means of the Peltier element (2), the photo-thermogenerator is suitable particularly for use in the case of high outside temperatures or intense solar radiation (6).

Description

Foto-Thermogenerator  Photo-thermal generator
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Foto-Thermogenerator mit einem Fotovoltaikelement und einem Peltierelement zur effizienten und verlustarmen Umwandlung von Solarstrah- lung in elektrische Energie; er eignet sich besonders für den Einsatz bei hohen Au- ßentemperaturen bzw. starker Solarstrahlung. The invention relates to a photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element and a Peltier element for the efficient and low-loss conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy; It is particularly suitable for use at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation.
Peltierelemente können als Thermogeneratoren zur Gleichstromzeugung betrieben werden, indem ein Wärmestrom unter Ausnutzung des Seebeck-Effekts in elektri- schen Strom gewandelt wird. Diese Verwendung von Peltierelementen, ebenso wie die Kombination von Fotovoltaik- und Peltierelementen zur Wandlung der Solarstrah- lung in elektrischen Strom, ist allgemein bekannt. DE 10 2011 051 507 A1 , Peltier elements can be operated as thermogenerators for DC generation by converting a heat flow into electrical current by utilizing the Seebeck effect. This use of Peltier elements, as well as the combination of photovoltaic and Peltier elements for the conversion of solar radiation into electricity, is well known. DE 10 2011 051 507 A1,
US 2012/0192920 A1 oder WO 2008/132445 A2 beschreiben beispielhaft solche Fo- to-Thermogeneratoren aus Fotovoltaik- und Thermogeneratormodulen.  US 2012/0192920 A1 or WO 2008/132445 A2 describe by way of example such photo-thermal generators from photovoltaic and thermo-generator modules.
Die bekannten Fotovoltaik- und Thermogeneratormodule weisen hierbei einen typi- schen Aufbau auf: The known photovoltaic and thermal generator modules have a typical structure here:
Konventionelle Fotovoltaikmodule besitzen eine mit Kontaktelektroden versehene Halbleiterschicht. Zum Schutz vor Umwelteinflüssen ist die Halbleiterschicht mit einer Einbettungsfolie sowie einer Glasscheibe abgedeckt bzw. umhüllt. Conventional photovoltaic modules have a semiconductor layer provided with contact electrodes. For protection against environmental influences, the semiconductor layer is covered or encased with an embedding film and a glass pane.
Die als Thermogeneratoren betriebenen Peltierelemente sind in den handelsüblichen Ausführungen aus einer elektrisch kontaktierten Halbleiterlage zwischen zwei, meist aus Aluminiumoxid bestehenden keramischen Trägerplatten aufgebaut. Der Aufbau eine Peltierelements geht zum Beispiel aus US 2014/0041705 A1 hervor. The operated as thermal generators Peltier elements are constructed in the commercial versions of an electrically contacted semiconductor layer between two, usually consisting of alumina ceramic support plates. The construction of a Peltier element is evident, for example, from US 2014/0041705 A1.
Bei Kombination derartiger konventioneller Fotovoltaik- und Peltierelemente zu ei- nem integralen Foto-Thermogenerator kommt es an den Grenzflächen zwischen Fo- tovoltaik- und Peltierelement infolge der Schutzschichten zur Behinderung des Wär- meübergangs. Dies limitiert die Möglichkeit mittels des Peltierelements das Fotovol- taikelement passiv oder aktiv zu kühlen, um insbesondere der Überhitzung des Foto- voltaikelements bei hohen Außentemperaturen bzw. starker Solarstrahlung und dem damit verbundenen Wirkungsgradabfall, auch bekannt als„voltage drop“, entgegen- zuwirken. When such conventional photovoltaic and Peltier elements are combined to form an integral photo-thermal generator, the boundary surfaces between the photovoltaic element and the Peltier element due to the protective layers prevent the heat transfer. This limits the possibility of passive or active cooling of the photovoltaic element by means of the Peltier element in order, in particular, to overheat the photovoltaic element at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation and the associated efficiency drop, also known as "voltage drop" to counteract.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Foto-Thermogenerator, umfassend ein Fotovolta- ikelement und ein Peltierelement, bereitzustellen, der es ermöglicht, die im Fotovolta- ikelement entstehende Wärme ungehindert an das Peltierelement weiterzuleiten, um entweder die Abwärme des Fotovoltaikelements im Peltierelement in elektrische Energie zu wandeln und gleichzeitig das Fotovoltaikelement passiv zu kühlen oder alternativ das Peltierelement zur verlustarmen aktiven Kühlung des Fotovoltaikele- ments zu betreiben. The object of the invention is to provide a photo-thermal generator comprising a Fotovolta- ikelement and a Peltier element, which makes it possible to pass the heat generated in Fotovolta- ikelement unhindered to the Peltier element to either the waste heat of the photovoltaic element in the Peltier element into electrical energy while at the same time passively cooling the photovoltaic element or alternatively operating the Peltier element for low-loss active cooling of the photovoltaic element.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Foto-Thermogenerator mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen nach dem Anspruch 1 gelöst; zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfin- dung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 10 beschrieben. This object is achieved by a photo-thermal generator with the characterizing features of claim 1; Expedient developments of the invention are described in claims 2 to 10.
Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung umfasst der Foto-Thermogenerator zur Umwandlung von Solarstrahlung in elektrische Energie mindestens ein Fotovoltaikelement sowie mindestens ein, mit dem Fotovoltaikelement unmittelbar thermisch kontaktiertes Pel- tierelement. According to the invention, the photo-thermal generator for converting solar radiation into electrical energy comprises at least one photovoltaic element as well as at least one peltier element directly thermally contacted with the photovoltaic element.
Das Peltierelement besitzt einen Schicht- bzw. lagenartigen Aufbau, wobei eine De- ckenträgerplatte und eine Bodenträgerplatte eine Halbleiterlage aus mehreren Ein- zelhalbleiterelementen einschließen. Zwischen der Bodenträgerplatte und der Halb- leiterlage befindet sich eine Bodenelektrode und zwischen der elektrischen Decken- trägerplatte und der Halbleiterlage eine Deckenelektrode. Die Decken- und Boden- elektrode sind an den jeweils gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Halbleiterlage mit die- ser in allgemein bekannter Weise elektrisch leitend verbunden. Jede der Lagen des Peltierelements ist zu ihren jeweils benachbarten Lagen thermisch kontaktiert, so- dass die Wärme ungehindert von einer Lage in die unmittelbar benachbarten Lagen übergehen kann. The Peltier element has a layered or layered structure, wherein a cover carrier plate and a bottom support plate include a semiconductor layer of a plurality of individual semiconductor elements. Between the bottom support plate and the semiconductor layer there is a bottom electrode and between the electrical ceiling support plate and the semiconductor layer a ceiling electrode. The top and bottom electrodes are electrically conductively connected to the respective opposite sides of the semiconductor layer in a generally known manner. Each of the layers of the Peltier element is thermally contacted to their respective adjacent layers, so that the heat can pass unhindered from one layer into the immediately adjacent layers.
Das Fotovoltaikelement ist ebenfalls in bekannter Weise Schicht- bzw. lagenartig aufgebaut und umfasst eine Frontelektrode, die bei bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch der einfallenden Solarstrahlung zugewandt ist, und eine Rückseitenelektrode, wobei zwischen diesen Elektroden eine Halbleiterschicht, vorzugsweise aus dotiertem Sili- zium, angeordnet ist. The photovoltaic element is also constructed in a known manner layer or layer-like and comprises a front electrode, which faces the incident solar radiation when used as intended, and a rear side electrode, wherein a semiconductor layer, preferably of doped silicon, is arranged between these electrodes.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Halbleiterschicht des Fotovoltaikelements unmittelbar mit der Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierelements und/oder die Rückseitenelektrode des Fotovoltaikelements unmittelbar mit der Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierelements thermisch kontaktiert. According to the invention, the semiconductor layer of the photovoltaic element is directly thermally contacted directly with the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element and / or the rear side electrode of the photovoltaic element with the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element.
Durch diesen unmittelbaren thermischen Kontakt fließt die Wärme aus dem Fotovol- taikelement ungehindert zum Peltierelement ab, sodass ein Hitzestau an der Grenz- fläche zwischen Fotovoltaikelement und Peltierelement vermieden wird. Dies verbes- sert sowohl die Möglichkeit zur passiven als auch zur aktiven Kühlung des Fotovolta- ikelements im Vergleich zu einem als Kombination aus konventionellen Fotovoltaik- und Peltierelementen aufgebautem Foto-Thermogenerator. As a result of this direct thermal contact, the heat flows out of the photovoltaic element unhindered to the Peltier element, so that heat accumulation at the boundary surface between the photovoltaic element and the Peltier element is avoided. This improves both the possibility of passive and active cooling of the photovoltaic element in comparison to a photothermal generator constructed as a combination of conventional photovoltaic and Peltier elements.
Die Deckenelektrode des Peltierelements ist erfindungsgemäß unmittelbar mit der Rückseitenelektrode des Fotovoltaikelements elektrisch leitend verbunden. Durch die unmittelbare elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden der Halbleiterbauelemente kann ein elektrischer Leiter eingespart werden. Zudem erfolgt eine selbstregelnde The ceiling electrode of the Peltier element according to the invention is electrically connected directly to the rear side electrode of the photovoltaic element. By the direct electrical connection of the electrodes of the semiconductor devices, an electrical conductor can be saved. In addition, a self-regulating
Zwangskühlung des Fotovoltaikelements durch das Peltierelement, die sich je nach Stärke der auftreffenden Solarstrahlung einstellt. Forced cooling of the photovoltaic element by the Peltier element, which adjusts depending on the strength of the incident solar radiation.
Bei bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch sind das Fotovoltaikelement und die Decken- trägerplatte des Peltierelements der Solarstrahlung zugewandt. Vorzugsweise besitzt das Fotovoltaikelement eine geringere laterale Ausdehnung als die Deckenträger- platte des Peltierelements, sodass lediglich eine Teilfläche der Deckenträgerplatte durch das Fotovoltaikelement vor direkter Solarstrahlung abgedeckt ist. In den unab- gedeckten Bereichen der Deckenträgerplatte kann die solare Strahlung direkt das Peltierelement erwärmen. When used as intended, the photovoltaic element and the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element face the solar radiation. Preferably, the photovoltaic element has a smaller lateral extent than the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element, so that only a partial area of the ceiling support plate is covered by the photovoltaic element from direct solar radiation. In the uncovered areas of the ceiling support plate, the solar radiation can directly heat the Peltier element.
Zur Steuerung und Regelung der elektrischen Energieabgabe kann der Foto- Thermogenerator eine Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit umfassen, die zum einen die Abgabe der elektrischen Energie in Form von Gleichstrom regelt und zum ande- ren kann das Peltierelement durch elektrische Energiezufuhr zur aktiven Kühlung des Fotovoltaikelements betrieben werden. Insbesondere bei hohen Außentemperaturen bzw. starker Solarstrahlung eröffnet dies die Möglichkeit, durch aktive Kühlung des Fotovoltaikelements dem als„voltage drop“ bekannten Effekt entgegenzuwirken. In order to control and regulate the electrical energy output, the photothermal generator can comprise a control and regulation unit, which regulates the delivery of the electrical energy in the form of direct current, and the Peltier element can be supplied with electrical energy for actively cooling the energy Photovoltaic elements are operated. Especially at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation, this opens up the possibility of counteracting by active cooling of the photovoltaic element known as the "voltage drop" effect.
Die Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit ist über elektrische Leiter mit der Front- und Rückseitenelektrode des Fotovoltaikelements sowie der Boden- und Deckenelektro- de des Peltierelements verbunden. The control and regulation unit is connected via electrical conductors to the front and rear side electrodes of the photovoltaic element and to the bottom and top electrodes of the Peltier element.
In einer Ausgestaltung des Foto-Thermogenerators weist die Deckenträgerplatte eine flächige Einbuchtung auf, in die das Fotovoltaikelement eingesetzt ist. Ein Vorteil des in die Deckenträgerplatte integrierten Fotovoltaikelements ist die Intensivierung des Wärmeübergangs vom Fotovoltaikelement in die Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierele- ments, da zusätzlich zur Bodenfläche über die Seitenflächen des Fotovoltaikele- ments Wärme zum Peltierelement übertragbar ist. In one embodiment of the photo-thermal generator, the ceiling support plate has a two-dimensional indentation, into which the photovoltaic element is inserted. An advantage of the photovoltaic element integrated in the ceiling support plate is the intensification of the heat transfer from the photovoltaic element into the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element, since heat can be transferred to the Peltier element in addition to the floor surface via the side surfaces of the photovoltaic element.
Es kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass der Foto-Thermogenerator, zumindest auf der Seite, an der das Fotovoltaikelement angebracht ist, eine Schutzabdeckung zum Schutz vor umweltbedingten Einflüssen, wie zum Beispiel korrosiven und/oder me chanischen Beanspruchungen, aufweist. Die Schutzabdeckung besteht vorzugswei- se aus Glas oder Keramik und ist für sichtbares und infrarotes Licht durchlässig. Die Schutzabdeckung kann auch den gesamten Foto-Thermogenerator umschließen und wird in diesem Fall als Schutzumhüllung bezeichnet. Außerdem kann der Foto- Thermoreaktor einen Schutzrahmen, zum Beispiel aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, besitzen. It may further be provided that the photo-thermal generator, at least on the side on which the photovoltaic element is mounted, a protective cover to protect against environmental influences, such as corrosive and / or me mechanical stresses, has. The protective cover is preferably made of glass or ceramic and is transparent to visible and infrared light. The protective cover can also enclose the entire photo-thermal generator and is referred to in this case as a protective cover. In addition, the photo-thermal reactor can have a protective frame, for example of an aluminum alloy.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung besteht die Schutzabdeckung zumindest in dem das Fotovoltaikelement abdeckenden Bereich aus einer transparenten Spinellkera- mik, insbesondere aus Magnesium-Aluminium-Spinellen. Die transparente Spinellke- ramik zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Strahlungsdurchlässigkeit sowohl im ultraviolet- ten, im sichtbaren und im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich aus. Die Schutzabdeckung gewährleistet somit Schutz vor Umwelteinflüssen ohne den Zutritt der Solarstrahlung zu den Halbleiterbauteilen des Fotovoltaik- und Peltierelements zu behindern. In einer weiteren Ausführung der Schutzabdeckung besteht diese zumindest in dem die Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierelements abdeckenden Bereich aus einer LAS- Glaskeramik. Neben der Schutzwirkung gegen Umwelteinflüsse ist hierdurch eben- falls eine gute Strahlungsdurchlässigkeit, insbesondere für infrarote Strahlung, si- chergestellt. In a preferred embodiment, at least in the area covering the photovoltaic element, the protective covering consists of a transparent spinel ceramic, in particular magnesium-aluminum spinels. The transparent spinel ceramic is characterized by a high radiation transmittance both in the ultraviolet, in the visible and in the infrared wavelength range. The protective cover thus ensures protection against environmental influences without hindering the access of the solar radiation to the semiconductor components of the photovoltaic and Peltier element. In a further embodiment of the protective cover, it consists of a LAS glass ceramic, at least in the region covering the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element. In addition to the protective effect against environmental influences, this also ensures a good radiation permeability, in particular for infrared radiation.
Es kann zudem vorgesehen sein, die Deckenträgerplatte möglichst dünn auszufüh- ren, insbesondere mit einer Dicke von weniger als 0,25 mm. Die geringe Dicke er- möglicht einen guten Wärmetransport vom Fotovoltaikelement zur Halbleiterlage des Peltierelements. In addition, provision may be made for the ceiling support plate to be as thin as possible, in particular with a thickness of less than 0.25 mm. The small thickness allows a good heat transfer from the photovoltaic element to the semiconductor layer of the Peltier element.
Vorzugsweise besteht die Deckenträgerplatte aus einem keramischen Material, wo- bei sich besonders keramische Werkstoffe mit einer hohen thermischen Leitfähigkeit, wie zum Beispiel Keramik auf Basis von Aluminiumnitrid oder Siliziumcarbid, eignen. Preferably, the ceiling support plate is made of a ceramic material, which are particularly suitable ceramic materials with a high thermal conductivity, such as ceramics based on aluminum nitride or silicon carbide.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die Bodenträgerplatte des Peltierelements mit ei- nem vorzugsweise plattenförmigen Wärmespeicher verbunden. Der Wärmespeicher ermöglicht die Energieerzeugung mittels des Peltierelements in Zeiträumen ohne di- rekte Solareinstrahlung durch Nutzung der Abwärme des Wärmespeichers. In a further embodiment, the bottom support plate of the Peltier element is connected to a preferably plate-shaped heat accumulator. The heat accumulator enables the generation of energy by means of the Peltier element in periods without direct solar irradiation by utilizing the waste heat of the heat accumulator.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Halbleiterschicht des Fotovoltaikelements mit der Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierelements und/oder die Rückseitenelektrode des Fotovoltaikelements mit der Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierelements mittels einer dünnen Keramikklebeschicht auf Basis von Aluminiumoxid und/oder Aluminiumnitrid verbunden sind. Die stoffschlüssige Verbindung mit einem keramischen Material ho- her Wärmeleitfähigkeit verbessert den Wärmeübergang an den Grenzflächen zwi- schen Peltier- und Fotovoltaikelement. Furthermore, provision can be made for the semiconductor layer of the photovoltaic element to be connected to the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element and / or the backside electrode of the photovoltaic element to be connected to the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element by means of a thin ceramic adhesive layer based on aluminum oxide and / or aluminum nitride. The cohesive connection with a ceramic material of high thermal conductivity improves the heat transfer at the interfaces between Peltier and Fotovoltaikelement.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Bezug auf die schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dazu zeigen The invention is explained in more detail by means of embodiments and with reference to the schematic drawings. Show this
Fig. 1 : den Foto-Thermogenerator in der Basisausführung in Perspektivansicht,1: the photo-thermal generator in the basic version in perspective view,
Fig. 2: den Foto-Thermogenerator in der Basisausführung im Diagonalschnitt, Fig. 3: den Foto-Thermogenerator mit einem in die Deckenträgerplatte des Peltie- relements eingesetzten Fotovoltaikelement in einer ersten Ausführung im Längsschnitt, und 2: the photo-thermal generator in the basic version in diagonal section, FIG. 3: the photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element inserted into the ceiling-support plate of the Peltier element in a first embodiment in longitudinal section, and FIG
Fig. 4: den Foto-Thermogenerator mit einem in die Deckenträgerplatte des Peltie- relements eingesetzten Fotovoltaikelement in einer zweiten Ausführung im Längsschnitt.  4 shows the photo-thermal generator with a photovoltaic element inserted into the ceiling support plate of the Peltier element in a second embodiment in longitudinal section.
Der Foto-Thermogenerator zur Umwandlung der Solarstrahlung 6 in elektrischen Gleichstrom besitzt in der Basisausführung gemäß der Fig. 1 jeweils das Peltierele- ment 2 und das Fotovoltaikelement 1 , wobei das Fotovoltaikelement 1 rautenförmig auf die rechteckige Grundform des Peltierelements 2 aufgebracht ist. Sowohl das Fo- tovoltaikelement 1 als auch das Peltierelements 2 weisen einen Schicht- bzw. lagen- artigen Aufbau auf, deren einzelne Schichten bzw. Lagen jeweils mit der benachbar- ten Lage bzw. Schicht thermisch kontaktiert sind. In the basic embodiment according to FIG. 1, the photothermal generator 6 for converting the solar radiation 6 into electrical direct current respectively has the Peltier element 2 and the photovoltaic element 1, wherein the photovoltaic element 1 is applied to the rectangular basic shape of the Peltier element 2 in a diamond shape. Both the photovoltaic element 1 and the Peltier element 2 have a layered or layered structure whose individual layers or layers are in each case thermally contacted with the adjacent layer or layer.
Das Peltierelement 2 umfasst die Deckenträgerplatte 2.1 aus einer Aluminium- nitridkeramik, an die sich die Deckenelektrode 2.2, die Halbleiterlage 2.3 aus ca. 80 Einzelhalbleiterelementen und die Bodenelektrode 2.4 anschließen. Den unteren Ab- schluss bildet die Bodenträgerplatte 2.5 aus Aluminiumoxidkeramik. The Peltier element 2 comprises the ceiling support plate 2.1 made of an aluminum nitride ceramic, to which the ceiling electrode 2.2, the semiconductor layer 2.3 of approximately 80 individual semiconductor elements and the bottom electrode 2.4 connect. The lower end is formed by the bottom support plate 2.5 made of alumina ceramics.
Das Fotovoltaikelement 1 besitzt zwischen der Frontelektrode 1.1 und der Rücksei- tenelektrode 1.3 die Halbleiterschicht 1.2 aus dotiertem Silizium. The photovoltaic element 1 has the semiconductor layer 1.2 of doped silicon between the front electrode 1.1 and the backside electrode 1.3.
Die Rückseitenelektrode 1.3 des Fotovoltaikelements 1 ist flächig thermisch kontak- tierend mit der Deckenträgerplatte 2.1 des Peltierelements 2 mittels einer dünnen Aluminiumnitridkeramikklebeschicht verbunden. The rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 is connected in a thermally contacting manner to the ceiling support plate 2.1 of the Peltier element 2 by means of a thin aluminum nitride ceramic adhesive layer.
Die Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 3 ist über die elektrische Leiter 5 mit der Frontelektrode 1.1 und Rückseitenelektrode 1.3 des Fotovoltaikelements 1 sowie der Deckenelektrode 2.2 und Bodenelektrode 2.4 des Peltierelements 2 verbunden. Sie dient zur Regelung des abgegeben Gleichstrom ebenso wie zur Steuerung des Pel- tierelements 2, zum Beispiel zur aktiven Kühlung des Fotovoltaikelements 1 , um der Überhitzung des Fotovoltaikelements 1 bei hohen Außentemperaturen bzw. starker Solarstrahlung 6 entgegenzuwirken. Der Foto-Thermogenerator der Basisausführung entsprechend der Diagonalschnitt- darstellung in der Fig. 2 entspricht im Aufbau dem nach der Fig. 1. Zusätzlich ist die Schutzabdeckung bzw. -hülle 4 dargestellt. An der der Solarstrahlung 6 zugewandten Seite des Foto-Thermogenerator besteht die Schutzabdeckung 4 aus einer transpa- renten Magnesium-Aluminium-Spinellkeramik. The control and regulation unit 3 is connected via the electrical conductors 5 to the front electrode 1.1 and rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 and to the ceiling electrode 2.2 and bottom electrode 2.4 of the Peltier element 2. It serves to regulate the DC output as well as to control the pelletizing element 2, for example for the active cooling of the photovoltaic element 1, in order to counteract the overheating of the photovoltaic element 1 at high outside temperatures or strong solar radiation 6. The photo-thermal generator of the basic version according to the Diagonalschnitt- representation in FIG. 2 corresponds in structure to that of FIG. 1. In addition, the protective cover or cover 4 is shown. At the solar radiation 6 side facing the photo-thermal generator, the protective cover 4 consists of a transparent magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic.
Die Ausführungen des Foto-Thermogenerator nach der Fig. 3 und der Fig. 4 besitzen die gleichen Bauelemente bzw. den gleichen strukturellen Aufbau der Bauelemente wie die der Basisausführung gemäß der Fig. 1 bzw. der Fig. 2. Im Unterschied zur Basisausführung ist das Fotovoltaikelement 1 in den Ausführungen nach Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 innerhalb einer Einbuchtung in die Deckenträgerplatte 2.1 des Peltierele- ments 2 eingesetzt. In der Ausführung nach der Fig. 3 ist die Rückseitenelektrode 1.3 des Fotovoltai- kelements 1 unmittelbar elektrisch und auch thermisch mit der Deckenelektrode 2.2 des Peltierelements 2 verbunden; die Ausführung nach der Fig. 4 dagegen besitzt eine dünne elektrisch isolierende Restschicht der Deckenträgerplatte 2.1 zwischen der Rückseitenelektrode 1.3 des Fotovoltaikelements 1 und der Deckenelektrode 2.2 des Peltierelements 2. The embodiments of the photo-thermal generator of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 have the same components or the same structural structure of the components as those of the basic version according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In contrast to the basic version is Photovoltaic element 1 in the embodiments according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is inserted within a recess in the ceiling support plate 2.1 of the Peltier element 2. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 is electrically connected directly and also thermally to the ceiling electrode 2.2 of the Peltier element 2; 4, in contrast, has a thin electrically insulating residual layer of the ceiling support plate 2.1 between the rear side electrode 1.3 of the photovoltaic element 1 and the ceiling electrode 2.2 of the Peltier element 2.
Liste der verwendeten Bezugszeichen List of reference numbers used
1 Fotovoltaikelement 1 photovoltaic element
1.1 Frontelektrode des Fotovoltaikelement 1.2 Halbleiterschicht des Fotovoltaikelement 1.1 Front electrode of the photovoltaic element 1.2 Semiconductor layer of the photovoltaic element
1.3 Rückseitenelektrode des Fotovoltaikelement1.3 Rear side electrode of the photovoltaic element
2 Peltierelement 2 Peltier element
2.1 Deckenträgerplatte des Peltierelements 2.1 Ceiling support plate of the Peltier element
2.2 Deckenelektrode des Peltierelements 2.3 Halbleiterlage des Peltierelements 2.2 Ceiling electrode of the Peltier element 2.3 Semiconductor layer of the Peltier element
2.4 Bodenelektrode des Peltierelements  2.4 bottom electrode of the Peltier element
2.5 Bodenträgerplatte des Peltierelements 2.5 Bottom support plate of the Peltier element
3 Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 3 control unit
4 Schutzabdeckung, Schutzhülle  4 protective cover, protective cover
5 elektrischer Leiter 5 electrical conductors
6 Solarstrahlung  6 solar radiation

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Foto-Thermogenerator zur Umwandlung von Solarstrahlung (6) in elektrische Energie, aufweisend ein Peltierelement (2) mit einer, eine Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) thermisch kontaktierenden Deckenelektrode (2.2), einer, eine Bodenträgerplatte (2.5) thermisch kontaktierenden Bodenelektrode (2.4) und einer zwischen Deckenträger- platte (2.1 ) und Bodenträgerplatte (2.5) angeordneten, über die Deckenelektro- de (2.2) und die Bodenelektrode (2.4) elektrisch und thermisch kontaktierten Halb- leiterlage (2.3), sowie einem Fotovoltaikelement (1 ) mit einer über eine Frontelektro- de (1.1 ) und eine Rückseitenelektrode (1.3) elektrisch angeschlossenen Halbleiter- schicht (1.2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halbleiterschicht (1.2) des Fotovolta- ikelements (1 ) unmittelbar mit der Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) und/oder die Rückseitenelektrode (1.3) des Fotovoltaikelements (1 ) unmittelbar mit der Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) thermisch kontaktiert sind, wo- bei die Deckenelektrode (2.2) des Peltierelements (2) unmittelbar mit der Rücksei- tenelektrode (1.3) des Fotovoltaikelements (1 ) elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. 1. photo-thermal generator for converting solar radiation (6) into electrical energy, comprising a Peltier element (2) with a ceiling support plate (2.1) thermally contacting ceiling electrode (2.2), one, a bottom support plate (2.5) thermally contacting bottom electrode (2.4) and a semi-conductor layer (2.3) arranged electrically and thermally over the ceiling electrode (2.2) and the bottom electrode (2.4) between the ceiling-support plate (2.1) and the base support plate (2.5), and a photovoltaic element (1) having an over a front electrode (1.1) and a rear side electrode (1.3) electrically connected semiconductor layer (1.2), characterized in that the semiconductor layer (1.2) of the Fotovolta- ikelements (1) directly with the ceiling support plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) and / or the backside electrode (1.3) of the photovoltaic element (1) makes direct thermal contact with the ceiling support plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) are, wherein the ceiling electrode (2.2) of the Peltier element (2) is directly electrically connected to the rear side electrode (1.3) of the photovoltaic element (1).
2. Foto-Thermogenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die De- ckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) eine flächige Einbuchtung aufweist, in die das Fotovoltaikelement (1 ) eingesetzt ist. 2. Photo-thermal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover backing plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) has a flat indentation, in which the photovoltaic element (1) is inserted.
3. Foto-Thermogenerator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser eine Schutzabdeckung (4) zumindest auf der Seite, an der das Fotovoltai- kelement (1 ) angebracht ist, aufweist, wobei die Schutzabdeckung (4) aus Glas oder Keramik besteht und für sichtbares und infrarotes Licht durchlässig ist. 3. Photo-thermal generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a protective cover (4) at least on the side on which the Fotovoltai- kelement (1) is mounted, wherein the protective cover (4) made of glass or ceramic exists and is transparent for visible and infrared light.
4. Foto-Thermogenerator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzabdeckung zumindest in dem das Fotovoltaikelement (1 ) abdeckenden Be- reich aus einer transparenten Spinellkeramik besteht. 4. Photo-thermal generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the protective cover at least in which the photovoltaic element (1) covering the area consists of a transparent spinel ceramic.
5. Foto-Thermogenerator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzabdeckung zumindest in dem die Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierele- ments (2) abdeckenden Bereich aus einer LAS-Glaskeramik besteht. 5. Photo-thermal generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the protective cover at least in the ceiling support plate (2.1) of the Peltierele- element (2) covering area consists of a LAS glass ceramic.
6. Foto-Thermogenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) eine Dicke von weni- ger als 0,25 mm aufweist. 6. Photo-thermal generator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized marked, that the ceiling support plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) has a thickness of less than 0.25 mm.
7. Foto-Thermogenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) aus einem kerami- schen Material hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit besteht. 7. Photo-thermal generator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized marked, that the ceiling support plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) consists of a ceramic material of high thermal conductivity.
8. Foto-Thermogenerator nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die De- ckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) aus einer Keramik auf Basis von Alu- miniumnitrid oder Siliziumcarbid besteht. 8. Photo-thermal generator according to claim 7, characterized in that the cover carrier plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) consists of a ceramic based on aluminum nitride or silicon carbide.
9. Foto-Thermogenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Bodenträgerplatte (2.5) des Peltierelements (2) mit einem plattenförmi- gen Wärmespeicher verbunden ist. 9. Photo-thermal generator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized marked, that the bottom support plate (2.5) of the Peltier element (2) is connected to a plate-shaped heat storage.
10. Foto-Thermogenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass die Halbleiterschicht (1.2) des Fotovoltaikelements (1 ) mit der De- ckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) und/oder die Rückseitenelektrode (1.3) des Fotovoltaikelements (1 ) mit der Deckenträgerplatte (2.1 ) des Peltierelements (2) mittels einer dünnen Keramikklebeschicht auf Basis von Aluminiumoxid und/oder Aluminiumnitrid verbunden ist. 10. Photo-thermal generator according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the semiconductor layer (1.2) of the photovoltaic element (1) with the cover backing plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) and / or the backside electrode (1.3) of the photovoltaic element (1) is connected to the ceiling support plate (2.1) of the Peltier element (2) by means of a thin ceramic adhesive layer based on aluminum oxide and / or aluminum nitride.
- Flierzu zwei Blatt Zeichnung - - Flierzu two sheets drawing -
PCT/DE2018/100835 2017-11-20 2018-10-11 Photo-thermogenerator WO2019096343A1 (en)

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Citations (6)

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DE102011051507A1 (en) 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Bpe E.K. solar device
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