WO2019093987A2

WO2019093987A2 - A biomass disposal system and the process thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2019093987A2
Application number: PCT/TR2018/050560
Authority: WO
Inventors: Turgut Oruc Yilmaz; Erhancan CEBECI; Suleyman KENAR; Cengiz MERGEN
Original assignee: Gures Tavukculuk Teknolojisi Makina Sanayi Ve Dis Ticaret Limited Sirketi
Priority date: 2017-11-13
Filing date: 2018-10-05
Publication date: 2019-05-16
Also published as: WO2019093987A3

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biomass disposal process for the disposal of the biomass dried by the air heated by means of water circulated in a water line (11) in a biomass drying sub-system (10) and a fertilizer disposal system where said process is realized.

Description

A BIOMASS DISPOSAL SYSTEM AND THE PROCESS THEREOF

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates a biomass disposal process for the disposal of the biomass dried by the air heated by means of water circulated in a water line in a biomass drying subsystem.

PRIOR ART

Biomass fuels, particularly animal fertilizers are subjected to drying process due to their damages to the environment which occur when they are used in a humid form. After the drying process, the disposal thereof can be provided by means of burning. During drying of organic wastes or during burning of organic wastes without drying, additional fuel (natural gas, diesel oil, LNG) or specific energy is consumed, and after the organic waste is burnt, recovery cannot be provided from the burnt form thereof. Biomass fuels can be gasified and burnt by means of a method, however, they only partially contribute to electricity generation. Vapor is obtained as a result of gasifying and burning fuel and vapor is used in electricity generation by means of vapor turbines. Even if a part of the obtained energy may generate electricity, a big part of the obtained energy is released to the nature as waste heat.

As a result, because of all of the abovementioned problems, an improvement is required in the related technical field.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a biomass disposal system and the process thereof particularly for the disposal of poultry fertilizer, for eliminating the above mentioned disadvantages and for bringing new advantages to the related technical field. An object of the present invention is to provide a biomass disposal system and the process thereof where release of energy to the nature as waste in a re-circulated manner is minimized and where electricity generation is provided. Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass disposal system and the process thereof where the burnt final product damages the environment when the dried fertilizer is burnt. In order to realize all of the abovementioned objects and the objects which are to be deducted from the detailed description below, the present invention is a biomass disposal process for the disposal of biomass dried by the air heated by means of water circulated in a water line in a biomass drying sub-system. Accordingly, said improvement is characterized by comprising the steps of:

a) Burning the dried biomass in a biomass burning sub-system with at least one fluidized bed and forming the burning gas,

b) Transferring the heat of burning gas, occurring as a result of the burning process, to the thermal oil in a thermal oil economizer,

c) Transferring the thermal oil, of which the temperature is increased, to an energy production sub-system where Organic Rankin Cycle is used and transferring the heat of said thermal oil to the organic fluid and evaporating the organic fluid,

d) Rotating the turbine by the evaporated organic fluid and generating electricity by the turbine by means of a generator,

e) Re-circulating the water in the water line between the biomass drying sub-system and the energy production sub-system and receiving the heat of the organic fluid by the water and transferring the heat to the air to be transferred to the biomass in the biomass drying sub-system.

Thus, energy is recirculated continuously and the release of energy to the nature as waste is minimized.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (a), the biomass is gasified at a temperature between 800 and 900°C in a gasifying unit with fluidized bed and the burning gas is formed by means of burning in a burning unit at a temperature between 900 and 1000°C.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, between steps (a) and (b), the burning gas, wherein ash exists, is passed through a separator and at least a part of the solid particles existing in the ash is transferred back to the gasifying unit. Thus, the gas is cleaned from solid particles, in other words, the gas is cleaned from ash and the burning efficiency of the fertilizer is increased. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (b), the temperature of the burning gas is reduced to a temperature between 300-400°C.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (c), the thermal oil is transferred to the energy production sub-system by means of an oil transfer line and after the thermal oil transfers its heat to the organic fluid, the thermal oil is transferred back to the thermal oil economizer by means of an oil return line at a temperature between 230 and 250°C.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ash, having small sized particles which remain in the burning gas exiting the thermal oil economizer, is kept by the multi- cyclones.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the burning gas where the ash therein is kept by multi-cyclones is transferred to an air economizer and heats the fresh air. Thus, the amount of waste gas is minimized.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heated fresh air is transferred to the gasifying unit and to the burning unit by means of a burning air-line. Thus, the air provides the stability of the gasifying and burning reactions.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the burning gas which exits the air economizer as waste gas passes through wash cyclones and the powder therein is reduced.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (e), water is transferred from the biomass drying sub-system to the energy production sub-system by means of a water return line at a temperature between 55 and 65°C and the water is transferred back at a temperature between 80 and 100°C to the biomass drying sub-system by means of a water supply line.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ashes kept in multi-cyclones and separated from the burning gas exiting the burning unit are transferred to an ash silo by means of at least one ash collection line. Thus, wasting of the environment by the ash is prevented.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass is poultry fertilizer.

The present invention is moreover a biomass disposal system where the biomass disposal process is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 is a general schematic view of the subject matter biomass disposal system. Figure 2 and 3 are detailed schematic views of the subject matter biomass disposal system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In this detailed description, the subject matter biomass disposal system (1) and the process thereof are explained with references to examples without forming any restrictive effect only in order to make the subject more understandable.

With reference to Figure 1 , the biomass disposal system (1) essentially comprises a biomass drying sub-system (10), a biomass burning sub-system (20) where the biomass, dried in biomass drying sub-system (10), is burnt and an energy production sub-system (40) providing energy gain. In the preferred application, Organic Rankin Cycle is used in the energy production sub-system (40). In the biomass disposal system (1), the disposal of organic wastes like fertilizer, pomace is provided by means of the same process and hereafter, the biomass will be mentioned as poultry fertilizer and hereafter it will be shortly called fertilizer.

With reference to Figure 2, the biomass drying sub-system (10) functions with hot air by means of drying the fertilizer via heating the air with radiators. Therefore, biomass drying sub-system (10) has a water line (11) wherein hot water is circulated. The water line (11) has at least one water supply line (1 11) and at least one water return line (112).

With reference to Figure 2 and 3, the biomass burning sub-system (20) is a system with fluidized bed (222). The general principle of biomass burning sub-system (20) is based on gasifying and burning of the dried fertilizer and transferring the obtained energy to the thermal oil. Based on this principle, the biomass burning sub-system (20) essentially has at least one burning reactor (22) and thermal oil economizer (24). The burning reactor (22) comprises a gasifying unit (221) and a burning unit (223). The gasifying unit (221) is provided with fluidized bed (222). The fertilizer is transferred from a feeding silo (21) to the gasifying unit (221). In the biomass burning sub-system (20), a separator (23) is provided in a connected manner to the gasifying unit (221). In the preferred application, the separator (23) is a U-type separator (23). There is a thermal oil line (25) separated from the thermal oil economizer (24). The thermal oil line (25) has an oil transfer line (251) where thermal oil is transferred from the thermal oil economizer (24) to the energy production sub-system (40) and an oil return line (252) where oil is transferred at a lower temperature to the thermal oil economizer (24) after oil gives its energy to the energy production sub-system (40). There is at least one multi-cyclone (26) provided at the lower section of the thermal oil economizer (24). An air economizer (27), connected to the multi-cyclone (26), is positioned in the biomass burning sub-system (20). A burning air-line (28) is provided between the air economizer (27) and the burning reactor (22). The burning air-line (28) is separated into a primary air-line (281) where air is transferred to the gasifying unit (221) and into a secondary air-line (282) where air is transferred to the burning unit (223). Moreover, there is a funnel (29), at least one wash cyclone (30) provided under the funnel (29) and a precipitation pool (31). There is an ash collection unit (32) having an ash silo (322) and an ash collection line (321) which collects the ash, occurring after burning of the fertilizer, from the burning reactor (22) and from the multi-cyclones (26). The energy production sub-system (40) is provided in a connected manner both to the biomass drying sub-system (10) and to the biomass burning sub-system (20). The water line (1 1) of the biomass drying sub-system (10) also circulates through the energy production sub-system (40). The thermal oil line (25) in the biomass burning sub-system (20) passes through the energy production sub-system (40).

In the biomass disposal system (1) whose structural details are given above, the fertilizer disposal process and energy gain are realized as follows. The fertilizer dried in biomass drying sub-system (10) is transferred to the biomass burning sub-system (20). First of all, after the fertilizer is dried, it is transferred to the feeding silo (21). The humidity proportion of the dried fertilizer is approximately 15%. The fertilizer is fed from the feeding silo (21) to the gasifying unit (221) with fluidized bed (222) of the burning reactor (22) and it is gasified at a specific temperature. The gasifying process is realized between 800-900°C. In the preferred application, the temperature where the gasifying process takes place is 850°C. The fertilizer is gasified by means of the burning air coming from the primary air-line (281) in the gasifying unit (221). The gasifying efficiency of the fertilizer is at least 95%. Afterwards, in the burning unit (223), the gasified fertilizer is continued to be burnt at a specific temperature and the burning gas occurs. Burning air is fed through the secondary air-line (282) for burning in the burning unit (223). The burning process takes place between 900 and 1000°C. In the preferred application, the temperature where burning process takes place is 950°C. Since the ash proportion in the burning gas is high, the burning gas is sent to the separator (23) and the burning gas passes through the separator (23) and the solid particles are transferred back to the gasifying unit (221). Thereby, 95% part of the solid particles is transferred back to the gasifying unit (221). Thus, the gas is cleaned from solid particles, in other words, the gas is cleaned from ash and at the same time, the burning efficiency of the fertilizer is increased. Meanwhile, in the burning reactor (22), the ashes separated from the burning gas are transferred to the ash collection line (321).

The burning gas exits the separator (23) and the burning gas transfers its heat to the thermal oil existing in the thermal oil economizer (24) and the temperature of the thermal oil increases and the thermal oil becomes very hot. In the preferred application, the temperature of the burning gas decreases from approximately 950°C to approximately between 300°C and 400°C. In practice, the temperature of the burning gas decreases to 350°C. The temperature in between is transferred to thermal oil. The thermal oil, whose temperature increases, is transferred to the energy production sub-system (40) by means of the oil transfer line (251) of the thermal oil line (25). The thermal oil transfers its energy to the energy production sub-system (40) and afterwards, the thermal oil is transferred to the thermal oil economizer (24) by means of the oil return line (252) at a lower temperature. In the energy production sub-system (40), the temperature of the thermal oil decreases approximately to between 230°C-250°C. In practice, the temperature of the thermal oil decreases to 240°C. Meanwhile, the ash, having small sized particles which remain in the burning gas, is kept by the multi-cyclones (26) and the kept ash is introduced to the ash collection line (321). Afterwards, the burning gas is transferred to the air economizer (27) and facilitates heating of the fresh air arriving at the air economizer (27). Thus, the amount of the waste gas is minimized. The heated air is transferred to the burning air-line (28) and afterwards, the heated air is separated to the first air-line and to the secondary air-line (282) and reaches the gasifying unit (221) and the burning unit (223). Air provides stability of the gasifying and burning reactions. The waste gas exiting the air economizer (27) passes through the wash cyclones (30) positioned under the funnel (29) and the amount of powder therein is reduced. After the powder in the waste gas passes through the wash cyclones (30), it decreases to a value which is under 50 mg/Nm³. The washing water of the wash cyclones (30) is circulated by means of the precipitation pool (31).

The ash collection line (321), where ashes are transferred from the burning reactor (22) and from the multi-cyclones (26), operates by means of high pressured air. The ashes collected by means of the ash collection line (321) are finally collected in the ash silo (322). After the thermal oil separated from the biomass burning sub-system (20) is transferred to the energy production sub-system (40) by means of the oil transfer line (251) of the thermal oil line (25), electricity is generated by utilizing the temperature of the thermal oil as the basic principle. In details, there is low temperature organic fluid in the energy production sub- system (40) where Organic Rankin Cycle is used. The temperature of the thermal oil is transferred to the organic fluid and thus, the organic fluid is evaporated and the pressure of said organic fluid increases. The pressure of the organic fluid increases to 60 bars. As the organic fluid rotates the turbine and as the turbine rotates the generator, electrical energy is produced. The water which receives the heat on the organic fluid is connected to the biomass drying sub-system (10). Water is essentially re-circulated continuously between biomass drying sub-system (10) and the energy production sub-system (40). The water, which receives heat from the organic fluid, is transferred to the biomass drying sub-system (10) by means of the water supply line (1 11). The water with temperature between approximately 80 and 100°C facilitates drying of fertilizer and afterwards, it is transferred to the energy production sub-system (40) by means of the water return line (1 12) having relatively lower temperature. In the preferred application, the temperature of water used in drying of the fertilizer is 90°C. The temperature of water is approximately between 55-65°C when the water exits the biomass drying sub-system (10). In the preferred application, the temperature of water in the water return line (1 12) is 60°C. The cooled water cools the organic fluid again and therefore, the water becomes hot. Approximately 19% of the energy of thermal oil in the energy production sub-system (40) is consumed for generation of electricity and 81 % of the energy of the thermal oil is transferred to water which is transferred to the biomass drying sub-system (10). Thanks to the fertilizer disposal realized in the biomass disposal system (1) which has the abovementioned characteristics, energy is continuously re-circulated and thereby, the losses are minimized. The fertilizer is dried and at the same time, electricity is generated. For these, extra energy consumption is not needed and the energy, which circulates inside the biomass disposal system (1), is utilized. Moreover, thanks to the abovementioned units and process characteristics of the biomass burning sub-system (20), waste gas is minimized and the final output ash is substantially purified in terms of the damage thereof to the environment. The total efficiency of the biomass disposal system (1) can be determined as approximately 84%. Electricity generation efficiency with proportion of approximately 23% is provided.

The protection scope of the present invention is set forth in the annexed claims and cannot be restricted to the illustrative disclosures given above, under the detailed description. It is because a person skilled in the relevant art can obviously produce similar embodiments under the light of the foregoing disclosures, without departing from the main principles of the present invention.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 Biomass disposal system 10 Biomass drying sub-system 1 1 Water line

1 Water supply line

1 12 Water return line

20 Biomass burning sub-system

21 Feeding silo

22 Burning reactor

221 Gasifying unit

222 Fluidized bed

223 Burning unit

23 Separator

24 Thermal oil economizer

25 Thermal oil line

251 Oil transfer line

252 Oil return line

26 Multi-cyclone

27 Air economizer

28 Burning air-line

281 Primary air-line

282 Secondary air-line

29 Funnel

30 Wash cyclone

31 Precipitation pool

32 Ash collection unit

321 Ash collection line

322 Ash silo

40 Energy production sub-system

Claims

A biomass disposal process for the disposal of biomass dried by the air heated by means of water circulated in a water line (1 1) in a biomass drying sub-system (10), characterized by comprising the steps of:

a) Burning the dried biomass in a biomass burning sub-system (20) with at least one fluidized bed (222) and forming the burning gas,

b) Transferring the heat of burning gas, occurring as a result of the burning process, to the thermal oil in a thermal oil economizer (24),

c) Transferring the thermal oil, of which the temperature is increased, to an energy production sub-system (40) where Organic Rankin Cycle is used and transferring the heat of said thermal oil to the organic fluid and evaporating the organic fluid, d) Rotating the turbine by the evaporated organic fluid and generating electricity by the turbine by means of a generator,

e) Re-circulating the water in the water line (11) between the biomass drying subsystem (10) and the energy production sub-system (40) and receiving the heat of the organic fluid by the water and transferring the heat to the air to be transferred to the biomass in the biomass drying sub-system (10).

A biomass disposal process according to claim 1 , wherein in step (a), the biomass is gasified at a temperature between 800 and 900°C in a gasifying unit (221) with fluidized bed (222) and the burning gas is formed by means of burning in a burning unit (223) at a temperature between 900 and 1000°C.

A biomass disposal process according to claim 1 , wherein between steps (a) and (b), the burning gas, wherein ash exists, is passed through a separator (23) and at least a part of the solid particles existing in the ash is transferred back to the gasifying unit (221).

A biomass disposal process according to claim 2, wherein in step (b), the temperature of the burning gas is reduced to a temperature between 300-400°C.

A biomass disposal process according to claim 1 , wherein in step (c), the thermal oil is transferred to the energy production sub-system (40) by means of an oil transfer line (251) and after the thermal oil transfers its heat to the organic fluid, the thermal oil is transferred back to the thermal oil economizer (24) by means of an oil return line (252) at a temperature between 230 and 250°C.

6. A biomass disposal process according to claim 1 , wherein the ash, having small sized particles which remain in the burning gas exiting the thermal oil economizer (24), is kept by the multi-cyclones (26).

7. A biomass disposal process according to claim 6, wherein the burning gas where the ash therein is kept by multi-cyclones (26) is transferred to an air economizer (27) and heats the fresh air.

8. A biomass disposal process according to claim 7, wherein the heated fresh air is transferred to the gasifying unit (221) and to the burning unit (223) by means of a burning air-line (28).

9. A biomass disposal process according to claim 6, wherein the burning gas which exits the air economizer (27) as waste gas passes through wash cyclones (30) and the powder therein is reduced.

10. A biomass disposal process according to claim 1 , wherein in step (e), water is transferred from the biomass drying sub-system (10) to the energy production subsystem (40) by means of a water return line (1 12) at a temperature between 55 and 65°C and the water is transferred back at a temperature between 80 and 100°C to the biomass drying sub-system (10) by means of a water supply line (1 11).

11. A biomass disposal process according to claim 6, wherein the ashes kept in multi- cyclones (26) and separated from the burning gas exiting the burning unit (23) are transferred to an ash silo (322) by means of at least one ash collection line (321).

12. The biomass according to claim 1 is poultry fertilizer.

13. A biomass disposal system (1) where the biomass disposal process, given in claim 1 , is realized.