WO2019085283A1 - 电池包存储装置及用于其的控制方法 - Google Patents

电池包存储装置及用于其的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085283A1
WO2019085283A1 PCT/CN2018/073418 CN2018073418W WO2019085283A1 WO 2019085283 A1 WO2019085283 A1 WO 2019085283A1 CN 2018073418 W CN2018073418 W CN 2018073418W WO 2019085283 A1 WO2019085283 A1 WO 2019085283A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
battery
fire extinguishing
storage device
fire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/073418
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张铁文
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18873518.7A priority Critical patent/EP3709386A4/en
Publication of WO2019085283A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085283A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery management technology; in particular, the present invention relates to a battery pack storage device, and further provides a control method for a battery pack storage device.
  • the battery that powers the vehicle is packaged in a rugged metal casing to form a battery pack, and the initial stage of the problem can only be monitored by the battery management system (BMS).
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery reacts and burns in the battery pack until it is burned through the casing.
  • the use of chemical inhibitors and water guns to inject water into the battery is inefficient and even endangers the safety of the safety personnel, and the use rate of the fire extinguishing agent is very low.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a battery pack storage device, wherein the battery pack storage device includes:
  • a battery compartment for storing a battery pack
  • a fire extinguishing box adjacent to the battery compartment, the fire extinguishing box having an opening lower than a storage position of the battery pack;
  • the battery compartment has a linkage mechanism, the linkage mechanism being adapted to move the battery pack and drop it from the opening into the fire extinguishing box,
  • the fire extinguishing box contains a fluid fire extinguishing agent
  • the fluid fire extinguishing agent is such that the battery pack is submerged in the fluid fire extinguishing agent after the battery pack falls into the fire extinguishing box, and the fluid fire extinguishing The agent will not overflow.
  • a buffer device is disposed on the bottom of the fire extinguishing box.
  • the buffer device is a rubber mat, a sponge pad, a spring or a spring piece.
  • the linkage mechanism is a conveyor belt, a transmission gear, a transmission rack or a push rod.
  • the opening of the fire extinguishing box is provided with a baffle that can be unidirectionally opened to the inside of the fire extinguishing box, and the baffle can be automatically closed.
  • the opening of the fire extinguishing box is provided with a breakable disposable baffle.
  • an air exhausting device is installed at the opening of the fire extinguishing box.
  • the battery pack storage device has a sensor for detecting whether or not each battery pack stored in the battery compartment has a fire hazard.
  • the battery compartment of the battery compartment is provided with a charging bit, and a limit stop for the battery pack is provided at the charging position.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a control method for a battery pack storage device according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
  • Step A collecting, by the battery management system, the operation data stored in the battery pack at the battery pack storage device, if the operation data is abnormal, proceeding to step B, if the data is normal, proceeding to step C;
  • Step B cooling the battery pack with abnormal operating data, if the running data returns to normal, issue an inspection notification for the battery pack, if the running data continues to be abnormal, proceed to step D;
  • Step C monitoring the smoke and/or temperature sense data outside the battery pack and determining whether the smoke and/or temperature sense data is normal, if yes, determining that the state of the battery pack is normal, otherwise proceeding to step D;
  • Step D Disconnect all connections of the battery pack and move the battery pack through the linkage mechanism and drop it into the fire extinguishing box.
  • the operational data comprises current and/or temperature inside the battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack storage device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the battery pack storage device of Figure 1, showing the battery pack that has been stored;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of the battery pack storage device of Figure 1, showing the battery pack to be dropped;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a control method for a battery pack storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery pack storage device in this embodiment may include a battery compartment 1 for storing the battery pack 3 (see FIG. 2) and a fire extinguishing box 2 disposed adjacent to the battery compartment 1.
  • the fire box 2 is disposed outside the battery compartment 1.
  • the fire box 2 may be disposed in a direction in which the battery pack enters and exits the battery compartment.
  • the battery compartment 1 may be in the form of a frame, or in the form of a box, a box, or the like.
  • the specific form or shape of the battery compartment 1 is not specifically limited herein, and may be designed as needed in alternative embodiments.
  • the three-tier shelf of the battery compartment 1 defines three battery compartments suitable for storing three battery packs 3, i.e., one battery pack 3 for each level of battery compartment. In an alternative embodiment, it is also conceivable to store a plurality of battery packs per layer.
  • fire hazards are eliminated by dropping an abnormal battery pack into the fire box 2.
  • the battery compartment 1 may be provided with a linkage mechanism 4, which may be adapted to move the battery pack 3 and extinguish it from fire
  • the opening of the box 2 falls into the fire box.
  • the battery pack 3 will fall down due to gravity and fall into the fire box 2 when it is pushed to the edge of each frame of the battery compartment (see Fig. 3).
  • the linkage mechanism 4 in the figure is schematically shown, and its specific structure may be a conveyor belt, a transmission gear, a transmission rack, a push rod, etc., which is not exhaustive here.
  • the linkage can be driven by a motor; or otherwise driven.
  • the fire box 2 may be provided with an opening (not shown). According to the illustrated example, the opening can be located at the top of the fire box 2. It can be understood that the opening should be lower than the storage position of the battery pack 3 in the battery compartment, so that when the linkage mechanism 4 causes the battery pack 3 to move to the edge of the battery compartment, due to the action of gravity, the battery compartment 1 can be separated from the battery compartment 1 smoothly. It falls down and enters the fire box 2 from the opening. In an alternative embodiment, if the top of the fire box 2 is high, it is also conceivable to arrange the opening on its side to facilitate the dropping of the battery pack with a fire hazard.
  • the size of the opening may be appropriately larger than the size of the battery pack 3.
  • the size (and/or shape) of the fire extinguishing box can also be specifically determined according to the size of the specific battery pack, so that the battery pack can smoothly fall into the fire extinguishing box from the storage position of the battery compartment. .
  • the fire extinguishing box 2 may contain a fluid fire extinguishing agent such as, but not limited to, a liquid such as water, or a gas which is incombustible or incombustible and heavier than air.
  • a fluid fire extinguishing agent such as, but not limited to, a liquid such as water, or a gas which is incombustible or incombustible and heavier than air.
  • the amount of the fluid fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing box 3 is not excessive or too full, and a space may be reserved according to the size of the battery pack 3, so that the battery pack can be completely immersed after falling into the fire extinguishing box 3.
  • the fluid fire extinguishing agent does not overflow.
  • the battery compartment 1 may include a layered shelf to store the battery pack 3, forming a battery level on each shelf so that the battery pack 3 can be stored in layers on the battery In the warehouse 1, three layers are stored in the upper and lower sides in the illustration.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the battery pack storage device of FIG. 1, while showing the battery pack 3 that has been stored. It can be seen that, for the sake of clarity, several components are omitted from the schematic view of the battery compartment 1 of FIG. 2 with respect to FIG.
  • the battery compartment may include one, two or more shelves, thereby For storing a battery pack, two battery packs or more battery packs, and so on.
  • each battery level of the battery compartment may be provided with a charging position so that the battery in the battery pack can be charged during storage of the battery pack. It can be seen from the figure that each charging position of the battery compartment has a limit stop 8 for allowing the battery to accurately enter the charging position for charging and functioning as an instrument limit. It can be understood that an actuator is added to the limit stop 8 and can be opened under certain conditions by software programming.
  • a corresponding sensor 5 can be provided in each of the battery packs 3 in each of the battery compartments 1 to sense whether there is a fire hazard for each of the corresponding battery packs.
  • These sensors 5 may include, for example, but are not limited to, smoke detectors and/or temperature detectors, and the like. Other forms of detectors that help to monitor fire hazards may also be used in alternative embodiments, and are not listed here.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the battery pack storage device of FIG. 1 while showing the battery pack to be dropped.
  • the linkage mechanism in the battery compartment 1 can push the battery pack 3 out of the battery compartment 1 such that the battery pack 3 falls into the fire box from the opening of the fire box.
  • a battery pack 3 When a battery pack 3 is detected to have a fire hazard, it can be moved and dropped into the fire box 2. Since the fire extinguishing box 2 contains a fluid fire extinguishing agent, it is possible to drown the battery pack 3 falling therein.
  • a cushioning article or a buffering device may be disposed on the bottom of the fire extinguishing box, for example, a cushioning article or a buffering device. It can be, for example but not limited to, a rubber mat, a sponge mat, a spring or a shrapnel, and the like.
  • the opening of the fire extinguishing box 2 may be provided with a shutter 6 that can be unidirectionally opened to the inside of the fire extinguishing box, and the shutter 6 can automatically return to the closed position.
  • the baffle 6 can be automatically closed to close the opening of the fire extinguishing box, so that the splashing fire extinguishing agent is blocked by the baffle inside the fire extinguishing box. Will be spilled.
  • the baffles may be only one, or may be two of the splits, or other numbers and arrangements may be employed.
  • Disposable baffles of rupturable material may also be employed in alternative embodiments. This disposable baffle will be shattered when the battery falls into the fire box, and will not prevent the battery pack with a fire hazard from falling into the fire box. It will be appreciated that it is not excluded herein that in some embodiments a baffle that is unidirectionally open to the interior and a disposable baffle of such frangible material may be provided at the same time. In an alternative embodiment, the aforementioned one-way open baffle and the easily breakable disposable baffle may also be arranged in a stacked manner at the opening of the fire extinguishing box.
  • an air discharge device 7 can be installed at the opening of the fire box 2.
  • it may be a fan or a fan or the like provided at the opening thereof.
  • control method for a battery pack storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be understood that in order to effectively monitor the state of the battery pack, the control method can be continuously operated, or can be cycled at predetermined time intervals to ensure that possible fire hazards can be detected in time and eliminated as early as possible. Hidden dangers.
  • control method of the battery pack storage device may include the following steps.
  • step A operational data stored in a battery pack stored at the battery pack storage device is collected by a battery management system (BMS).
  • BMS battery management system
  • these operational data may include temperature and current data within the battery, etc., as well as other data that can be conceived to represent battery performance.
  • the battery temperature and current data as an example, when the battery temperature rises or the current intensity suddenly becomes strong, it can be judged that the operation data is abnormal, indicating that the corresponding battery or battery pack may have a safety hazard. If the operation data is abnormal, proceed to step B to perform preliminary processing on the corresponding battery; if the data is normal, proceed to step C for further monitoring.
  • step B since an abnormality has occurred in the operation data of the corresponding battery or battery pack, it is initially processed in the step B, for example, the battery pack in which the operation data is abnormal may be cooled. If the operating data of the battery or battery pack returns to normal after cooling, the battery or battery pack is considered to have no safety hazard temporarily, and the battery or battery pack can be recovered by inspection; at this time, an inspection notice for the battery pack can be issued. However, if it is found that the operation data of the battery or the battery pack continues to be abnormal after cooling, the battery or the battery pack is considered to have a safety hazard or a fire risk, and it is necessary to proceed to step D to perform decisive processing.
  • step C the external data of the battery pack can be judged, for example, by the usual smoke/temperature sense detection. Once the smoke and/or high temperature is detected, it is determined that the corresponding battery pack has a fire hazard, and it is necessary to proceed to step D to perform the determination. deal with. If the smoke or high temperature outside the battery pack is not detected, it can be determined that the battery pack is normal.
  • step D since it has been determined that there is a serious safety hazard or fire hazard in the battery pack, all connections of the battery pack are disconnected, and the battery pack is removed from the battery compartment through the linkage mechanism and dropped into the fire extinguishing box to achieve effective fire extinguishing. Measures.
  • step A it is only the end of one control loop.
  • the control method needs to be repeated continuously or periodically, and the loop control is continuously performed to achieve the pair. Monitoring of the entire system.
  • control of the battery here can be basically divided into two cases of battery burning and non-burning.
  • the system turns on the water cooling device to cool the battery pack. This process will continuously monitor the battery current and temperature changes. If it returns to normal, it will notify the system that the battery in the battery pack has abnormality and should be taken out of operation and repaired. At this time, the battery was not found to be burning. If the water cooling system is turned on and the battery is not cooled successfully, the BMS will signal the system that all connections to the battery pack are disconnected by the system.
  • the smoke exhaust device of the fire extinguisher box and the mechanical limit stop of the battery pack on the battery compartment of the battery compartment are opened, and the conveyor belt for transporting the battery starts to rotate, and the battery is sent out of the battery compartment.
  • the battery naturally falls into the fire box at the lower part of the battery compartment under the action of gravity. At this time, it was determined that the battery was found to be burning.
  • the BMS fails, the current and temperature changes in the battery cannot be detected at the beginning. At this time, the smoke and warmth of the outside of the battery pack are likely to be burned if the abnormality is detected, and the battery pack pressure relief valve is physically opened to release heat and a small amount of smoke, and the smoke or temperature at this time.
  • the sensor will send a signal to the system (this process can be set independently of the fire engine or embedded in the power station operating system), at this time the system will still disconnect all connections to the battery pack.
  • the smoke exhaust device of the fire extinguisher box and the mechanical limit stop of the battery pack on the battery compartment of the battery compartment are opened, and the conveyor belt for transporting the battery starts to rotate, and the battery is sent out of the battery compartment.
  • the battery naturally falls into the fire box at the lower part of the battery compartment under the action of gravity. At this time, it was still determined that the battery was found to be burning.
  • the battery pack storage device and the control method of the invention can be widely applied to a place where a lithium ion battery pack is stored, and is an effective method for solving a fire of a lithium ion battery pack.
  • the battery pack storage device in each embodiment can be applied to a power station of a new energy vehicle.
  • the BMS can accurately detect the change of the battery, or it can be arranged near the battery pack.
  • the smoke detector, temperature detector and other equipment are monitored, and the software is programmed to send a signal to the fire control host or the power station system control center. The system will disconnect all the connections of the battery pack.
  • the host activates the linkage mechanism, pushes the battery pack out of the battery compartment, and falls into the fire extinguisher box outside the battery compartment, so that a large amount of water can extinguish the lithium-ion battery fire. It can be understood that the essence of the method is to let the battery pack fall into the fire extinguishing box below under the action of gravity, and use a large amount of fluid fire extinguishing agent to soak the fire hazard of the battery pack.
  • battery pack storage devices and control methods are equally applicable to storage locations for other types of batteries or battery packs (non-lithium ion batteries or battery packs) in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • the burning battery pack is directly put into a fluid fire extinguishing agent (for example, water, etc.), which belongs to the first application of the fire fighting battery fire.
  • a fluid fire extinguishing agent for example, water, etc.
  • the method is not only efficient, practical and simple, but also does not require additional fire water, no water stain loss, no open flame, heat radiation and a large amount of smoke, no fire spread, secondary explosion, high fire extinguishing efficiency, low cost and small impact. More importantly, the method directly sends out the faulty battery pack, does not affect the normal charging of other batteries, does not need to power off the entire power station, and will not affect the operation of the entire power station.
  • the method relies on the equipment of the battery compartment itself, and can realize automatic fire extinguishing by increasing the mechanical limit of the actuator and software programming, which is simple and easy to implement, and can be realized without increasing investment.
  • the fire extinguishing agent such as water

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Abstract

电池包(3)存储装置及用于其的控制方法，所述电池包(3)存储装置包括：用于存放电池包(3)的电池仓(1)；邻近所述电池仓(1)的灭火箱(2)，所述灭火箱(2)具有低于所述电池包(3)的存放位置的开口；其中，所述电池仓(1)具有联动机构(4)，所述联动机构(4)适于移动所述电池包(3)并使其从所述开口落入所述灭火箱(2)，所述灭火箱(2)内盛有流体灭火剂，所述流体灭火剂的量使得当所述电池包(3)落入所述灭火箱(2)后所述电池包(3)被浸没在所述流体灭火剂内，并且所述流体灭火剂不至于溢出。

Description

电池包存储装置及用于其的控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电池管理技术领域；具体地说，本发明涉及电池包存储装置，并进一步提供了用于电池包存储装置的控制方法。
背景技术
近年来，迫于能源短缺和环境污染的压力，电动汽车迅猛发展。为电动汽车提供动力的锂离子电池燃烧造成的事故也越来越被公众关注。
作为为车辆提供动力的电池被封装在坚固的金属外壳之内构成电池包，其出现问题的初始阶段只能由电池管理***(BMS)监测得知。当BMS监测失效时，电池便会在电池包内反应、燃烧，直至烧穿外壳时才被发现。此时采用化学抑制剂和水枪向电池射水都存在效率低甚至危及安全员的风险，并且灭火剂的使用率非常低。
发明内容
本发明的一方面的目的是提供改进的电池包存储装置。
本发明的另一方面的目的是提供用于电池包存储装置的控制方法。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第一方面提供了一种电池包存储装置，其中，所述电池包存储装置包括：
用于存放电池包的电池仓；
邻近所述电池仓的灭火箱，所述灭火箱具有低于所述电池包的存放位置的开口；
其中，所述电池仓具有联动机构，所述联动机构适于移动所述电池包并使其从所述开口落入所述灭火箱，
所述灭火箱内盛有流体灭火剂，所述流体灭火剂的量使得当所述电池包落入所述灭火箱后所述电池包被浸没在所述流体灭火剂内，并且所述流体灭火剂不至于溢出。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，所述灭火箱内的底部上布置有缓冲装置。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，所述缓冲装置为橡胶垫、海绵垫、弹簧或弹片。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，所述联动机构为传送带、传送齿轮、传送齿条或推杆。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，所述灭火箱的所述开口处设置有能向所 述灭火箱的内部单向开启的挡板，并且所述挡板能够自动关闭，和/或，所述灭火箱的开口处设置有易破裂的一次性挡板。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，在所述灭火箱的所述开口处安装有排风设备。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，所述电池包存储装置具有用于检测存放在所述电池仓内的每个电池包是否有火灾隐患的传感器。
可选地，在如前所述的电池包存储装置中，所述电池仓的电池位设置有充电位，并且在所述充电位处设置有用于所述电池包的限位挡块。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第二方面提供了一种用于如前述第一方面中任一项所述的电池包存储装置的控制方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A：由电池管理***收集存放于所述电池包存储装置处的电池包内的运行数据，如果所述运行数据出现异常则前进至步骤B，如果数据正常则前进至步骤C；
步骤B：对运行数据出现异常的电池包进行冷却，如果运行数据恢复正常则发出针对所述电池包的检修通知，如果运行数据持续异常则前进到步骤D；
步骤C：监测所述电池包外部的烟感和/或温感数据并判断所述烟感和/或温感数据是否正常，是则判定所述电池包的状态正常，否则前进至步骤D；
步骤D：断开所述电池包的所有连接，并且通过所述联动机构移动所述电池包并使其落入所述灭火箱。
可选地，在如前所述的控制方法中，所述运行数据包括所述电池包内部的电流和/或温度。
附图说明
参照附图，本发明的公开内容将更加显然。应当了解，这些附图仅仅用于说明的目的，而并非意在对本发明的保护范围构成限制。图中：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的电池包存储装置的示意图；
图2是图1的电池包存储装置的示意图，同时示出了已存放好的电池包；
图3是图1的电池包存储装置的示意图，同时示出了将要掉落的电池包；以及
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于电池包存储装置的控制方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。在各附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的技术特征。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的电池包存储装置的示意图。从图1可以看出，该实施方式中的电池包存储装置可以包括有用于存放电池包3(见图2)的电池仓1及邻近该电池仓1设置的灭火箱2。在图示示例中，灭火箱2布置在电池仓1的外侧。具体地，灭火箱2可以布置在电池包进出电池仓的方向处。
在可选的实施方式中，电池仓1可以呈框架的形式、或者呈箱体、盒状的形式等。此处并不对电池仓1的具体的形式或形状作具体限制，在可选的实施方式中可以根据需要进行设计。在图示的实施方式中，电池仓1的三层式搁架限定了三个电池位，适于存放三个电池包3，即每层的电池位存放一个电池包3。在可选的实施方式中也可以考虑在每层存放多个电池包。
本发明的可选实施方式中是通过使异常的电池包落入到灭火箱2内而消除火灾隐患的。为了使有火灾隐患的电池包3移向电池仓1的边缘并落到灭火箱2内，电池仓1可以设置有联动机构4，该联动机构4可以适于移动电池包3并使其从灭火箱2的开口落入灭火箱。在图示示例中，电池包3在被推移到电池仓每层框架的边缘处时会由于重力的作用翻落并掉进灭火箱2内(见图3)。图中的联动机构4是示意性地示出的，其具体的结构可以为传送带、传送齿轮、传送齿条、推杆等，此处不进行穷举。该联动机构可以是由电机驱动的；或者以其它方式驱动。
灭火箱2可以设置有开口(未图示)。根据图示的示例，该开口可以位于灭火箱2的顶部。可以了解，该开口应该低于电池包3在电池仓内的存放位置，这样，当联动机构4使得电池包3移动到电池仓边缘时，由于重力的作用，可以脱离电池仓1而顺利地向下掉落并从该开口进入到灭火箱2内。在可选的实施方式中，如果灭火箱2的顶部较高，也可以考虑将开口设置在其侧面以便于具有火灾隐患的电池包的掉落。
根据本发明的一个方面，为了便于电池包3从灭火箱2的开口顺利地落入灭火箱2内，该开口的尺寸可以适当地大于电池包3的尺寸。在具体的实施方式中，灭火箱的尺寸(和/或形状)也可以根据具体的电池包的大小进行具体的设计确定，以使得电池包能够顺利地从电池仓的存放位置落入灭火箱内。
为了有效地消除落入灭火箱内的电池包的火灾隐患，灭火箱2内可以盛有流体灭火剂，例如但不限于水等液体，也可以是不能燃烧或不能助燃且比空气重的气体。在可选的实施方式中，灭火箱3内流体灭火剂的量不宜过多或过满，可以根据电池包3的大小预留出空间，使得当电池包落入灭火箱3后能够被完全浸没在流体灭火剂内，并且流体灭火剂不至于溢出。可以想到，如果流体灭火剂的量过少，则有可能不足以淹灭电池包的火灾隐患；如果 流体灭火剂的量过多，则有可能溢出又影响或污染周围环境或设施等，这是不期望的。
如前所述，在图示的实施方式中，电池仓1可以包括分层的搁架以存放电池包3，在每层搁架上形成电池位，使得电池包3可以分层地存放在电池仓1内，在图示中上下共存放了三层。此处可以参考图2，图2是图1的电池包存储装置的示意图，同时示出了已存放好的电池包3。可以看出，为了更清楚起见，相对于图1而言，图2中的电池仓1的示意图中略去了若干部件。
需要指出的是，在可选的实施方式中，完全可以根据实用空间情况或其它条件需要而设置不同的层数，例如电池仓可以包括一层、两层或者更多层的搁置架，从而用于存放一层电池包、两层电池包或者更多层的电池包，等等。在可选的实施方式中，电池仓的每个电池位都可以设置有充电位，这样，在电池包的存放过程中可以对电池包内的电池进行充电。从图中可以看出，电池仓的每个充电位都有使电池准确的进入充电位进行充电、起到器械限位作用的限位挡块8。可以了解，为该限位挡块8增加执行机构，通过软件编程，可以在特定条件下打开。
如图中所示，在电池仓1内可以为每层中的每个电池包3提供相应的传感器5，以感测相应的每个电池包是否存在火灾隐患。这些传感器5可以包括例如但不限于烟感探测器和/或温感探测器，等。在可选的实施方式中也可以选用其它形式的有助于监测火灾隐患的探测器，此处不再一一列举。
图3是图1的电池包存储装置的示意图，同时示出了将要掉落的电池包。结合图3可以看出，电池仓1中的联动机构可以将电池包3从电池仓1向外推出，从而使得电池包3从灭火箱的开口落入灭火箱内。在某个电池包3被探测到具有火灾隐患时，其能够被移动并落入到灭火箱2内。由于灭火箱2内盛有流体灭火剂，所以能够淹灭落入其内的电池包3。在可选的实施方式中，为了防止电池包3落入灭火箱内时的不利冲击，灭火箱内的底部上可以布置有缓冲物品或缓冲装置(未图示)，例如，缓冲物品或缓冲装置可以为例如但不限于橡胶垫、海绵垫、弹簧或弹片等。
另外，为了防止在电池包落入时流体灭火剂的飞溅，灭火箱2的开口处可以设置有能向灭火箱的内部单向开启的挡板6，并且挡板6能够自动回复到关闭位置。这样，在电池包落入到灭火箱内后淹没在灭火剂内后，挡板6能够自动闭合从而关闭灭火箱的开口，这样，溅起的灭火剂会被挡板挡在灭火箱内部而不会被溅出。可以了解，该挡板可以为仅一个，或者可以是对开的两个，或者也可以采用其它数量和布置。
在可选的实施方式中还可以采用易破裂材料的一次性挡板。这种一次性挡板在电池 落入灭火箱时会被击碎，不会妨碍有火灾隐患的电池包落入灭火箱内。可以了解，此处并不排除在某些实施方式中可以同时设置有向内部单向开启的挡板以及这种易破裂材料的一次性挡板。在可选的实施方式中，也可以在灭火箱的开口处同时层叠地布置有前述的单向打开的挡板以及易于破裂的一次性挡板。
在可选的实施方式中，在灭火箱2的开口处可以安装有排风设备7。例如可以是设置在其开口处的风机或风扇等。
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于电池包存储装置的控制方法的示意性流程图。可以了解，为了对电池包状态的有效监控，该控制方法可以是持续运行的，或者可以是以预定的时间间隔循环运行，以保证能够及时发现可能出现的火灾隐患、并尽可能早地消灭这些隐患。
从图中可以看出，该电池包存储装置的控制方法可以包括以下步骤。
在步骤A中，由电池管理***(BMS)收集存放于电池包存储装置处的电池包内的运行数据。可选地，这些运行数据可以包括电池内的温度和电流数据等，也可以包括能想到的其它能够表示电池性能的数据。以电池温度和电流数据为例，当电池温度升高或电流强度突然变强的情况下，可以判断为运行数据出现异常，表明相应的电池或电池包有可能存在安全隐患。如果运行数据出现异常则前进至步骤B，对相应的电池进行初步处理；如果数据正常则前进至步骤C，进行进一步的监测。
在步骤B中，由于已经检测到相应的电池或电池包的运行数据出现异常，所以先在该步骤B中对其进行初步处理，例如可以对运行数据出现异常的电池包进行冷却。如果经过冷却后显示电池或电池包的运行数据恢复正常，则认为该电池或电池包暂时并未有安全隐患，可以通过检修来恢复电池或电池包；此时可以发出针对电池包的检修通知。但是，如果在经过冷却之后发现电池或电池包的运行数据仍然持续异常，则认为该电池或电池包存在安全隐患或火灾风险，需要前进到步骤D，进行果断处理。
在步骤C中可以判断电池包外部数据，例如通过通常烟感/温感检测，一旦检测到烟气和/或高温，则判定为相应的电池包出现火灾隐患，需要前进到步骤D，进行果断处理。如果并未监测到电池包外部的烟气或高温，则可判定电池包正常。
在步骤D中，由于已经判定电池包存在严重的安全隐患或火灾隐患，则断开电池包的所有连接，并且通过联动机构从电池仓移出电池包并使其落入灭火箱，实现有效的灭火措施。
可以了解，在完成步骤A至步骤D后仅是一个控制循环的结束，为了确保电池包及 电池包存储装置的长期安全，需要持续或周期性地重复该控制方法，不断地循环控制以实现对整个***的监控。
下面结合前述控制过程进一步详细分析，此处对电池的控制基本上可以分为电池燃烧和未燃烧两种情况。
可以了解，在由BMS收集电流与温度变化数据，若速率超过正常值，***开启水冷装置对电池包进行冷却。此过程会持续监测电池的电流与温度变化，若恢复正常，则通知***该电池包内电池出现过异常应退出运行，对其进行检修。此时并未发现电池发生燃烧。如果开启水冷***并没有成功将电池降温，则BMS会向***发出信号，由***断开电池包的所有连接。当电池包被断开连接后，会打开灭火箱的排烟设备和电池仓电池架上保护电池包的机械限位挡块，运输电池的传送带开始转动，将电池送出电池仓。电池在重力的作用下自然坠入电池仓外侧下部的灭火箱之中。此时判定为发现了电池发生燃烧。
如果BMS故障，则一开始并不能检测出电池内的电流和温度变化。此时，布置在电池包外侧的烟感和温感如果检测到异常则极有可能是电解液发生了燃烧，电池包泄压阀被物理打开，释放热量和少量烟尘，此时烟感或温感便会发送信号给***(此过程可以独立设置消防主机也可嵌入换电站换电操作***)，此时***依然会断开与电池包的所有连接。当电池包被断开连接后，会打开灭火箱的排烟设备和电池仓电池架上保护电池包的机械限位挡块，运输电池的传送带开始转动，将电池送出电池仓。电池在重力的作用下自然坠入电池仓外侧下部的灭火箱之中。此时仍然判定为发现了电池发生燃烧。
本发明的电池包存储装置和控制方法可以广泛应用于锂离子电池包存放的场所，是解决锂离子电池包火灾的有效方法。例如，各实施方式中的电池包存储装置可以应用于新能源汽车的换电站中。在新能源汽车的换电站应用中，电池仓内锂离子电池出现无论是短路、过充、过放还是其它原因燃烧时，可以由BMS准确检测到电池的变化，也可以由布置在电池包附近的烟感、温感探测器等设备监测到，通过软件编程向消防控制主机或者换电站***控制中心发出信号。***会断开电池包的所有连接，主机启动联动机构，将电池包从电池仓内推出，落入电池仓外侧的灭火箱之中，让大量的水灭掉锂离子电池火灾。可以了解，该方法的实质是让电池包在重力的作用下落入下方的灭火箱之中，采用大量流体灭火剂浸泡的方式，灭掉电池包的火灾隐患。
进一步地，根据本发明的教示可以想到相应的电池包存储装置和控制方法同样能够适用于其它类型的电池或电池包(非锂离子电池或电池包)的存放场所。
本发明中将燃烧的电池包直接投入流体灭火剂(例如水等)中，属于扑救电池火灾 首例应用。本方法不仅高效、实用、简单，而且不需要额外消防用水、没有水渍损失，同时没有明火、热辐射和大量烟尘，不会造成火势蔓延、二次***，灭火效率高、成本低、影响小；更重要的是，本方法直接送出故障电池包、不影响其它电池正常充电，不必对整个换电站进行断电、不会影响整个换电站的运行。
进一步地，本方法依托电池仓本身设备，通过增加机械限位的执行机构和软件编程便可实现自动灭火，简单易行，基本不需增加投入便可实现。将电池包直接投入灭火箱中，灭火剂(例如水等)进入电池包，直接冷却电池，电池包被烧穿后，进入电池包的灭火剂可直接稀释反应物，使反应速率急速降低。效率高，造价低，可广泛使用于换电站和各种电池仓库内。
本发明的技术范围不仅仅局限于上述说明中的内容，本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明技术思想的前提下，对上述实施方式进行多种变形和修改，而这些变形和修改均应当属于本发明的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池包存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池包存储装置包括：
    用于存放电池包的电池仓；
    邻近所述电池仓的灭火箱，所述灭火箱具有低于所述电池包的存放位置的开口；
    其中，所述电池仓具有联动机构，所述联动机构适于移动所述电池包并使其从所述开口落入所述灭火箱，
    所述灭火箱内盛有流体灭火剂，所述流体灭火剂的量使得当所述电池包落入所述灭火箱后所述电池包被浸没在所述流体灭火剂内，并且所述流体灭火剂不至于溢出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包存储装置，其中，所述灭火箱内的底部上布置有缓冲装置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池包存储装置，其中，所述缓冲装置为橡胶垫、海绵垫、弹簧或弹片。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池包存储装置，其中，所述联动机构为传送带、传送齿轮、传送齿条或推杆。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电池包存储装置，其中，所述灭火箱的所述开口处设置有能向所述灭火箱的内部单向开启的挡板，所述挡板能够自动关闭，和/或，所述灭火箱的开口处设置有易破裂的一次性挡板。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电池包存储装置，其中，在所述灭火箱的所述开口处安装有排风设备。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池包存储装置，其中，所述电池包存储装置具有用于检测存放在所述电池仓内的每个电池包是否有火灾隐患的传感器。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电池包存储装置，其中，所述电池仓的电池位设置有充电位，并且在所述充电位处设置有用于所述电池包的限位挡块。
  9. 一种用于如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池包存储装置的控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤A：由电池管理***收集存放于所述电池包存储装置处的电池包内的运行数据，如果所述运行数据出现异常则前进至步骤B，如果数据正常则前进至步骤C；
    步骤B：对运行数据出现异常的电池包进行冷却，如果运行数据恢复正常则发出针对所述电池包的检修通知，如果运行数据持续异常则前进到步骤D；
    步骤C：监测所述电池包外部的烟感和/或温感数据并判断所述烟感和/或温感数据是否正常，是则判定所述电池包的状态正常，否则前进至步骤D；
    步骤D：断开所述电池包的所有连接，并且通过所述联动机构移动所述电池包并使其落入所述灭火箱。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其中，所述运行数据包括所述电池包内部的电流和/或温度。
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