WO2019078184A1 - 電源システム - Google Patents
電源システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019078184A1 WO2019078184A1 PCT/JP2018/038421 JP2018038421W WO2019078184A1 WO 2019078184 A1 WO2019078184 A1 WO 2019078184A1 JP 2018038421 W JP2018038421 W JP 2018038421W WO 2019078184 A1 WO2019078184 A1 WO 2019078184A1
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- power
- generator
- wiring
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 215
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 102100024058 Flap endonuclease GEN homolog 1 Human genes 0.000 description 11
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/06—Control effected upon clutch or other mechanical power transmission means and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D47/00—Equipment not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/30—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for aircraft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/50—On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system.
- a power supply system used for an aircraft etc.
- a power supply system provided with a plurality of generators is known.
- the power supply capacity also tends to increase due to the increase in the electrification and electrification of equipment in aircraft (MEA: More Electric Aircraft).
- VF variable frequency
- the VF generator is connected to the main engine through a transmission with a fixed gear ratio, and the frequency of the generated power also changes according to the rotation speed of the main engine.
- a large-sized aircraft with advanced electrification adopts a variable-frequency power supply system equipped with multiple VF generators because the device is small and the capacity can be easily increased because there is no continuously variable transmission. Is increasing.
- variable frequency power supply system has a problem that power can not be switched without interruption.
- it is necessary to synchronize the voltage, frequency and phase, and temporarily run the generator in parallel, but the frequency of the VF generator follows the rotational speed of the main engine, so Can not make adjustments. Therefore, a momentary interruption (temporary power failure) occurs when switching the power supply.
- the controller adjusts the output frequency of the temporary power supply from the frequency of the first alternating current wiring unit to the frequency of the second alternating current wiring unit to perform switching of the power supply without a break.
- frequency adjustment can not be performed, and a momentary interruption occurs.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and in a power supply system in which a plurality of wiring parts including at least one generator are connected to each other, each wiring part even when an abnormality occurs in one generator.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system capable of continuing the power supply to the power supply.
- a power supply system is a power supply system including a plurality of generators, each of a plurality of AC wiring units connected to each of the plurality of generators, and each of the plurality of AC wiring units.
- a plurality of power conversion devices connected to each other, a DC wiring unit connecting the plurality of power conversion devices, an AC wiring unit corresponding to the plurality of power conversion devices by transmitting a drive signal, and the DC wiring unit Control device for performing power conversion control between the at least one of the plurality of generators, the generator output for the generator active power output by the generator to the corresponding first AC wiring portion
- It is a 1st generator comprised so that the relationship of a voltage had a predetermined 1st drop characteristic, and each of these power converters converts the alternating current power input through each alternating current wiring part into direct current power Do Both are configured to convert direct current power input through the direct current wiring unit into alternating current power, and the control device outputs the power conversion device to a first alternating current wiring unit corresponding to the first generator.
- the target value of the first control element is determined such that the relationship of the AC wiring portion voltage to the power conversion device active power has a predetermined second drooping characteristic, and the target value of the first control element is the DC wiring
- the driving signal for the power conversion device is generated by correcting according to the DC voltage in the unit.
- At least one of the plurality of generators has the first drop characteristic, and the first control element for AC / DC conversion in the power conversion device
- the target value is determined to have a second drooping characteristic in the relationship between the AC wiring section voltage and the power converter active power output from the power converter to the corresponding first AC wiring section.
- the control device receives an AC wiring portion voltage of the first AC wiring portion, and multiplies a value based on a deviation of the AC wiring portion voltage with respect to a predetermined voltage command value by a coefficient indicating the second drooping characteristic.
- An active power target value calculation unit may be provided that calculates an active power target value by an active power target value calculation process including an operation for obtaining an active power reference value.
- the control device receives a generator output voltage of the first generator and an AC wiring portion voltage in the first AC wiring portion corresponding to the first generator, and the first generator A phase calculation unit for calculating a phase target value of the first alternating current wiring unit corresponding to the first alternating current wiring unit, the control device receives the alternating current of the first alternating current wiring unit, and the active power target value and the predetermined value A pair of alternating current target values are generated using a reactive power command value, and a target value of alternating current output to the first alternating current wiring portion is set as the alternating current target value, and a phase of the alternating current is the phase target value It may be configured to generate a drive signal that conforms to the
- the active power target value calculation unit calculates an active power correction value obtained by multiplying a deviation of the DC voltage from a predetermined DC voltage command value by a predetermined correction coefficient, and sets the active power reference value to a predetermined active power command value. And the active power correction value may be added to calculate the active power target value.
- the phase calculation unit outputs a predetermined value as the phase target value when the first generator is stopped, and the first AC wiring unit corresponding to the first generator is resolved
- the phase target value is calculated using the generator voltage of the corresponding first generator, and the first generator and the corresponding first AC wiring unit are interconnected and connected.
- the phase target value may be calculated using an AC wiring portion voltage in the first AC wiring portion. According to this, even when the phase of the generator voltage and the phase of the AC wiring section voltage do not match, it is possible to calculate an appropriate phase target value according to the driving situation.
- the first generator may include a variable frequency generator connected to a rotating machine and having a frequency of generated power changed in accordance with a rotational speed of the rotating machine.
- At least one of the plurality of generators is configured such that the relationship of the frequency to the generator effective power output by the generator to the corresponding second AC wiring portion has a predetermined third drooping characteristic.
- the control device is configured to control the second AC wiring unit corresponding to the second generator to have a predetermined fourth frequency relationship with respect to the power conversion device active power output by the power conversion device.
- the power conversion device outputs the target value of the second control element for AC / DC conversion in the power conversion device to the corresponding second AC wiring portion It is determined that the relationship of the frequency to the power converter active power has a fourth drooping characteristic. Therefore, even between the variable frequency AC power supply system to which the first generator whose frequency is variably controlled is connected and the fixed frequency AC power supply system to which the second generator whose frequency is fixedly controlled is connected We can send and receive. Therefore, the power supply system can be selected in accordance with the characteristics of the load, and the device configuration can be made more efficient.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the phase calculation unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a vector diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage of the alternating current unit of the power conversion device in the present embodiment and the alternating current wiring portion voltage and the alternating current output from the power conversion device to the alternating current wiring portion.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the phase calculation unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a vector diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage of the alternating current unit
- FIG. 4B is a vector diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage of the alternating current unit of the power conversion device in the present embodiment and the alternating current wiring portion voltage and the alternating current output from the power conversion device to the alternating current wiring portion.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the active power and the AC wiring portion voltage in each of the two AC wiring portions.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the active power and the AC wiring portion voltage in each of the two AC wiring portions.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system of a power conversion device corresponding to a generator having the third drooping characteristic in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration example for simulation of the power supply system in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 1) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 1) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 1) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 2) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 2) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 2) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 2) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 3) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 3) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 3) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 4) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 4) in the power supply system shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 4) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration example for simulation of the power supply system in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 5) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 5) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 5) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the results of simulation (case 5) in the power supply system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram for explaining one application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram for explaining another application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram for explaining another application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram for explaining another application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- FIG. 32 is a block diagram for explaining one application example of the power supply system in the second embodiment to an aircraft.
- FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a phase calculation unit in the modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the power supply system 1 includes a plurality of AC wiring units (AC BUS) 3i connected to each of the plurality of generators 2i. That is, one generator 2i is connected to one AC wiring unit 3i, and supplies AC power to the load 5 connected to the AC wiring unit 3i.
- AC BUS AC wiring units
- each generator 2i is configured such that the relationship between the generator output voltage and the active power output by the corresponding generator 2i in the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i has a predetermined first drooping characteristic. .
- each generator 2i operates in the AC wiring unit 3i. It has the characteristic of increasing the active power (generator active power) to be output as the AC wiring section voltage decreases.
- the generator 2i is a prime mover generator, when the power consumption of the load 5 increases and the voltage of the AC wiring section in the AC wiring section 3i to which the load 5 is connected decreases, the output power of the generator 2i increases.
- the AC wiring portion voltage is controlled to be balanced at a value according to the first drop characteristic.
- the generator 2i is not particularly limited as long as it has such a first drop characteristic, and may be, for example, a motor generator or a fuel cell generator.
- the generator 2i having such a first drooping characteristic is connected to, for example, a rotating machine (not shown in FIG. 1. Main engines E1, E2, etc. in FIG. 9 described later), and the rotational speed of the rotating machine In accordance with the variable frequency generator (VF generator) in which the frequency of the generated power changes.
- the power supply system 1 may include, as the generator 2i having the first drop characteristic, a fixed frequency generator (CF generator) that operates by constant frequency control. .
- the power supply system 1 includes a plurality of power conversion devices 4i (with the AC unit 4ia) connected to each of the plurality of AC wiring units 3i, and a DC wiring unit for connecting DC units 4id of the plurality of power conversion devices 4i. (DC bus) 6 is provided.
- Each power conversion device 4i converts alternating current power input through each alternating current wiring unit 3i into direct current power, and converts direct current power input through the direct current wiring unit 6 into alternating current power.
- the power conversion device 41 converts AC power output from the generator 21 connected to the corresponding AC wiring portion 31 into DC power by the power conversion device 41, and the other power connected to the DC wiring portion 6
- the AC power is converted to AC power again by the converter 42, and the AC power is supplied to the other AC wiring portion 32, and the DC power supplied from the other AC wiring portion 32 via the power converter 42 is converted to electric power. It is possible to convert into alternating current power by the conversion device 41 and supply it to the corresponding alternating current wiring unit 31. Similar power transfer is possible in the power conversion device 42.
- Each power conversion device 4i is configured by, for example, a three-phase inverter or the like that outputs a three-phase AC voltage from a DC voltage and outputs a DC voltage from a three-phase AC voltage.
- Each power conversion device 4i receives a drive signal So such as a PWM signal determined based on a target value of a predetermined first control element transmitted from a control device 17i described later, and switches based on the drive signal So. By performing the operation, power conversion between AC power and DC power is performed.
- the direct current units 4 id of the plurality of power conversion devices 4 i are connected via the direct current BUS
- the direct current units 4 id of the plurality of power conversion devices 4 i are directly connected to each other It is good also as composition (a direct connected part is constituted as DC wiring section 6).
- the power supply system 1 includes a plurality of control devices 17i that perform power conversion control between the corresponding AC wiring unit 3i and the DC wiring unit 6 by transmitting the drive signal So to the plurality of power conversion devices 4i.
- a plurality of control devices 17i are provided corresponding to the number of power conversion devices 4i. That is, one control device 17i controls one power conversion device 4i. Instead of this, one control device 17i may control a plurality of power electronics devices 4i.
- a generator control unit Geneerator Control Unit
- that performs excitation control and protection control of the generator 2i may function as the control device 17i.
- Control device 17i is a power conversion device active power Pac (hereinafter may be simply referred to as active power Pac) which is output from power conversion device 4i to AC wiring portion 3i corresponding to generator 2i having the first drop characteristic.
- active power Pac The target value of the first control element is determined such that the relationship of the AC wiring portion voltage Vac with respect to V has a predetermined second drooping characteristic.
- control device 17i generates a drive signal So (for example, a PWM signal) for each power conversion device 4i by correcting the target value of the first control element according to DC voltage Vdc in DC wiring unit 6.
- the control device 17i can adopt a current control type control mode as described below as a more specific control mode for performing the control as described above. The details will be described below.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system in the power supply system shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, only one control device 17i for one power conversion device 4i is shown. Similar control is performed in the control device 17i for the other power conversion devices 4i.
- the current control type control device 17i controls the power conversion device 4i using alternating currents Id and Iq outputted to the AC wiring portion 3i to which the power conversion device 4i corresponds as a first control element.
- control device 17i receives AC wiring portion voltage Vac of AC wiring portion 3i corresponding to generator 2i having the first drooping characteristic, and controls AC wiring portion voltage Vac with respect to a prescribed voltage command value Vac_cmd.
- Target value calculating unit 77 for calculating an active power target value Pac_ref by an active power target value calculation process including an operation of obtaining an active power reference value .DELTA.Pac_ref by multiplying the second deviation characteristic by a coefficient 1 / Dr_p representing the second drooping characteristic.
- the controller 17i converts the active power target value Pac_ref into an alternating current target value Id_ref.
- control device 17i converts the reactive power command value Qac_cmd into an alternating current target value Iq_ref.
- the control device 17i controls the power conversion device 4i corresponding to the AC current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref as the target value of the first control element.
- the power supply system 1 detects an AC voltage (AC wiring section voltage) of the generator voltage measuring device 7 that detects an AC voltage (generator output voltage) output from the generator 2i and an AC portion 4ia of the power conversion device 4i.
- AC voltage measuring device 8 AC current measuring device 9 for detecting AC current output to AC wiring unit 4ia by power conversion device 4i, and DC voltage measuring device for detecting DC voltage Vdc of DC portion 4id of power conversion device 4i It has 10 and.
- a circuit breaker (GCB: Generator Circuit Breaker) 12 is provided between the connection point of the generator voltage measuring instrument 7 and the connection point of the AC voltage measuring instrument 8.
- a PT Pulsitive Transformer
- a CT Current Transformer
- DC voltage measuring instrument 10 for example, a detection circuit based on DCVT (DC Voltage Transducer) or resistance division is used.
- AC voltage measuring instrument 8 and AC current measuring instrument 9 detect instantaneous values va, vb, vc, ia, ib, and ic of each phase in the three-phase alternating current wiring, and the operation units 71 and 72 described later AC wiring portion voltage Vac and AC current Iac are calculated.
- the generator voltage measuring device 7 detects instantaneous values vga, vgb, vgc of the three-phase voltage output from the generator 2i.
- the wiring portion branched from the corresponding AC wiring portion (AC BUS) 3i is output from power conversion device 4i to AC wiring portion 3i by detecting an instantaneous value of each phase of AC current.
- the AC current measuring device 9 may be directly connected to the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i, or the DC voltage measuring device 10 may be directly connected to the DC wiring portion 6.
- the control device 17i includes control blocks of a phase calculation unit 70, a voltage calculation unit 71, a current calculation unit 72, an active power target value calculation unit 77, and a drive signal generation unit 79.
- phase calculation unit 70 calculates the phase target value ⁇ ref of each AC wiring unit 3i.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the phase calculation unit shown in FIG.
- the phase calculation unit 70 switches the calculation content of the phase target value ⁇ ref to be output according to the voltage phase difference between the corresponding generator 2i and the AC wiring unit 3i.
- phase operation unit 70 includes a selector 70a and an operation unit 70b.
- the selector 70a receives the selection instruction signal SR, and transmits the selection signal SS to the calculation unit 70b based thereon. As a result, the contents of the operation in the operation unit 70b are switched according to the selection signal from the selector 70a.
- a generator stop from the detector that detects a stop of the generator 2i in the generator 2i or the generator control device A signal or the like may be input as the selection instruction signal SR.
- the selection instruction signal SR is input to the selector 70a according to the state switching operation. Good.
- operation unit 70b includes three functional blocks 70b1, 70b2 and 70b3, and is configured to be able to execute one of the three functional blocks based on selection signal SS from selector 70a.
- the AC wiring section voltages (the instantaneous values va, vb, vc) used in the functional block 70b1 and the generator output voltages (the instantaneous values vga, vgb, vgc) used in the functional block 70b2 are input to the calculation unit 70b. Ru.
- the phase calculation unit 70 instantaneous values va and vb of the AC wiring unit voltage in the AC wiring unit 3i measured by the AC voltage measuring instrument 8 , Vc to calculate the phase target value ⁇ ref of the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i.
- the phase calculation unit 70 estimates the angular velocity ⁇ from the deviation between the phase ⁇ ac obtained from the measurement and the phase target value ⁇ ref that is the output of the PLL calculation, and determines the phase target value ⁇ ref by integrating the angular velocity ⁇ . ,Output.
- the computing unit 70b of the phase computing unit 70 executes the functional block 70b1.
- the functional block 70 b 1 calculates the phase target value ⁇ ref from the instantaneous values va, vb, vc of the AC wiring section voltage measured by the AC voltage measuring instrument 8.
- the functional block 70b1 includes an ⁇ conversion unit 701, a sine cosine operation unit 702, a deviation operation unit 703, a transfer function application unit 704, and an integration unit 705.
- the ⁇ conversion unit 701 performs ⁇ conversion on the instantaneous values va, vb and vc of the AC wiring section voltage, and outputs two-phase AC voltages v ⁇ and v ⁇ .
- the sine cosine operation unit 702 calculates a sine value sin ⁇ ac and a cosine value cos ⁇ ac of the phase ⁇ ac of the AC wiring unit 3i from the two-phase AC voltages v ⁇ and v ⁇ .
- the deviation ⁇ ac is given by the following approximate expression.
- the transfer function application unit 704 receives the deviation ⁇ ac as an input, and calculates the angular velocity ⁇ based on the transfer function G (s).
- the transfer function G (s) is given by the following equation.
- KP indicates a proportional gain
- TI indicates an integral time constant.
- the integrator 705 integrates the angular velocity ⁇ output from the transfer function application unit 704 to calculate the phase target value ⁇ ref. As described above, the output target phase value ⁇ ref is fed back to the deviation calculation unit 703, and the PLL calculation is continued as long as there is no change command of the functional block by the selector 70a.
- the phase calculation unit 70 When the corresponding generator 2i is stopped (when the generator 2i is disconnected from the AC wiring portion 3i by the circuit breaker 12) (when the generator 2i is disconnected), the phase calculation unit 70 And outputs a predetermined value as a phase target value ⁇ ref.
- the computing unit 70b of the phase computing unit 70 executes the functional block 70b3.
- the value ⁇ st is input to the angular velocity conversion unit 706.
- the output of the angular velocity conversion unit 706 is input to the integration unit 705 and integrated.
- the output of integration unit 705 is output as phase target value ⁇ ref.
- phase calculation unit 70 instantaneously generates the generator voltage measured by the generator voltage measuring instrument 7.
- the phase target value ⁇ ref of the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i is calculated by the well-known PLL (Phase Lock Loop) calculation using the values vga, vgb, and vgc.
- the phase calculation unit 70 estimates the angular velocity ⁇ from the deviation between the phase ⁇ gen obtained from the measurement and the phase target value ⁇ ref that is the output of the PLL calculation, and determines the phase target value ⁇ ref by integrating the angular velocity ⁇ . ,Output.
- Whether the generator 2i and the AC wiring portion 3i are interconnected or disconnected can be determined by detecting whether the circuit breaker 12 between them is closed or open. That is, when the circuit breaker 12 between the generator 2i and the AC wiring portion 3i is closed, all the wiring between the generator 2i, the AC wiring portion 3i and the load 5 connected thereto is electrically connected. There is. Therefore, no phase difference occurs in the wiring. On the other hand, when the circuit breaker 12 between the generator 2i and the AC wiring portion 3i is open, the wiring between the generator 2i, the AC wiring portion 3i and the load 5 connected thereto is electrically Not connected. Therefore, the generator voltage and the AC wiring section voltage generally have different voltage values and phases.
- the detection of whether the circuit breaker 12 is closed or open can be performed through an auxiliary contact provided on the circuit breaker 12.
- the circuit breaker 12 is switched from the open state (cut-off state) to the closed state (connected state) after the generator 2i is started and controlled so that the voltage value and phase of the two become equal (after synchronization) .
- the computing unit 70b of the phase computing unit 70 executes the functional block 70b2.
- the functional block 70 b 2 calculates the phase target value ⁇ ref from the instantaneous values vga, vgb, and vgc of the generator voltage measured by the generator voltage measuring device 7.
- the functional block 70b2 includes an ⁇ conversion unit 701, a sine cosine operation unit 702, a deviation calculation unit 703, a transfer function application unit 704, and an integration unit 705.
- the functional block 70 b 2 performs the same PLL operation as the functional block 70 b 1 except that the input is different.
- the sine and cosine operation unit 702 outputs a sine value sin ⁇ gen and a cosine value cos ⁇ gen of the phase ⁇ gen of the output voltage of the generator 2i.
- the deviation ⁇ ⁇ gen input to the transfer function application unit 703 is obtained by replacing ⁇ ac in the above equation (3) with ⁇ gen.
- the functional blocks 70b1 and 70b2 perform the PLL operation using the same transfer function G (s) only with different inputs, they may be shared.
- the functional block 70b3 can be realized by setting the deviation ⁇ to a fixed value, changing the transfer function G (s), and not performing the feedback operation in the PLL operation performed by the functional blocks 70b1 and 70b2. Therefore, the functional blocks 70b1, 70b2 and 70b3 may be shared.
- FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a phase calculation unit in the modification of the first embodiment. Similar to the phase calculating unit 70 in FIG. 3, the phase calculating unit 70B in this modification also includes an ⁇ converting unit 701, a sine cosine calculating unit 702, a deviation calculating unit 703, a transfer function applying unit 704, and an integrating unit 705. An arithmetic unit 70 b is provided.
- the ⁇ conversion unit 701 and the sine cosine operation unit 702 in the functional block 70b1 in FIG. 3 are the ⁇ conversion unit 701ac and the sine cosine operation unit 702ac, and the ⁇ conversion unit 701 in the functional block 70b2 in FIG.
- the sine cosine operation unit 702 is an ⁇ conversion unit 701 gen and a sine cosine operation unit 702 gen.
- the integration unit 705 is provided for each of the functional blocks 70b1, 70b2 and 70b3, when the selector 70a switches from one functional block to another functional block, the output of the integration unit 705 is not The integration unit 705 needs to be adjusted so as not to be continuous.
- the transfer function application unit 704 and the integration unit 705 are common regardless of the type of the deviation ⁇ selectively input by the selector 70a. Therefore, the output of the integrating unit 705 can be prevented from becoming discontinuous even without performing the adjustment of the integrating unit 705 as described above.
- the transfer function G (s) is made common, and the method of switching the input deviation ⁇ is adopted to switch the state of the generator 2i (states of stop, disconnection, and interconnection). It is possible to prevent the angular velocity ⁇ and the phase target value ⁇ ref from rapidly changing at time. Therefore, a smooth power interchange operation can be realized even when the state of the generator 2i is switched.
- the voltage calculation unit 71 calculates an AC wiring section voltage Vac from the instantaneous values va, vb, vc of the voltages of the respective phases detected by the AC voltage measuring instrument 8 according to the following equation.
- phase calculating unit 71 calculates the rotational coordinates (dq coordinates of the AC voltage) according to the following equation from instantaneous values va, vb and vc of voltages of respective phases of AC wiring unit 3i and phase target value .phi.ref calculated by phase calculating unit 71. Voltages (d-axis voltage Vd, q-axis voltage Vq) at each coordinate axis of the system) are calculated.
- Current calculation unit 72 calculates the current (d-axis current Id, current on each coordinate axis of the rotating coordinate system of the alternating current according to the following equation from instantaneous currents ia, ib, ic of each phase and phase target value .phi.ref calculated by phase calculation unit 71).
- the q-axis current Iq is calculated.
- the active power target value calculator 77 calculates an active power target value Pac_ref based on the AC wiring section voltage Vac calculated by the voltage calculator 71.
- the effective power target value calculation unit 77 is effective so that the relationship between the AC wiring portion voltage Vac and the active power Pac output from the power conversion device 4i to the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i has a predetermined second drooping characteristic.
- An electric power target value Pac_ref is calculated.
- active power target value calculation unit 77 multiplies the deviation of AC wiring portion voltage Vac from the predetermined AC wiring portion voltage command value Vac_cmd by the droop coefficient 1 / Dr_p according to the second drooping characteristic, and is effective.
- the power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref is calculated.
- Active power target value calculation unit 77 calculates active power target value Pac_ref based on calculated active power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref and a predetermined active power command value Pac_cmd.
- the active power target value calculation unit 77 corrects the active power target value Pac_ref according to the DC voltage Vdc in the DC wiring unit 6. More specifically, active power target value calculation unit 77 multiplies the deviation of DC voltage Vdc from the predetermined DC voltage command value Vdc_cmd by a predetermined correction coefficient (correction gain: -Kdc) to obtain active power correction value Pac_cmp. calculate. Active power target value calculation unit 77 adds active power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref and active power correction value Pac_cmp to active power command value Pac_cmd to calculate active power target value Pac_ref.
- the control device 17i generates a pair of alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref using the active power target value Pac_ref and the predetermined reactive power command value Qac_cmd. Specifically, control device 17i multiplies active power target value Pac_ref output from active power target value calculation unit 77 by predetermined gain Kac, and outputs the result from power conversion device 4i to corresponding AC wiring unit 3i. The target value Id_ref of the axis current is calculated. Further, control device 17i multiplies predetermined reactive power command value Qac_cmd by predetermined gain (-Kac) to calculate target value Iq_ref of the q-axis current output from power conversion device 4i to corresponding AC wiring portion 3i. Do.
- the control device 17i sets the target values of the alternating current output from the power conversion device 4i to the corresponding alternating current wiring unit 3i as the alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref, and drives the phase current of the alternating current to match the phase target value ⁇ ref. Configured to generate a signal. For this purpose, alternating current Id and Iq, phase target value ⁇ ref and alternating current target value Id_ref and Iq_ref to be output to the alternating current wiring unit 3i are input to the drive signal generation unit 79.
- the drive signal generation unit 79 obtains a drive signal So such that the alternating currents Id and Iq output to the alternating current wiring unit 3i become the alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref, and outputs the drive signal So to the power conversion device 4i. Specifically, the drive signal generation unit 79 calculates AC voltage target values Vd_ref and Vq_ref from the AC current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref according to the following equation.
- Kd and Kq represent predetermined gains
- Tid and Tiq represent predetermined time constants.
- the drive signal generation unit 79 calculates target values Va_ref, Vb_ref, Vc_ref of the instantaneous voltages Va, Vb, Vc of the AC wiring portion 3i which are three-phase AC from the AC voltage target values Vd_ref, Vq_ref according to the following equation.
- FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are vector diagrams showing the relationship between the output voltage of the AC unit of the power conversion device in the present embodiment and the AC wiring portion voltage and the AC current output from the power conversion device to the AC wiring portion.
- FIG. 4A shows a vector diagram when the corresponding generator 2i and AC wiring 3i are interconnected and
- FIG. 4B shows the case where the corresponding generator 2i and AC wiring 3i are disconnected.
- the vector diagram of (at the time of generator 2i disconnection) is shown.
- the voltage output from the AC unit 4ia of the power conversion device 4i is Einv
- the AC wiring portion voltage is Vac
- the AC current output from the power conversion device 4i to the AC wiring portion 3i is Iac.
- the filter reactance in the equivalent circuit of the AC unit 4ia is X.
- each value is shown in the unit system notation of the self capacity reference. That is, the voltage, the current, and the power of the power conversion device 4i have a rated voltage, a rated current, and a rated capacity of 1 [PU] (per unit), respectively.
- the active power Pac and the reactive power Qac output from the power conversion device 4i are represented by the following equations.
- control system of the power conversion device 4i a voltage is used as an operation amount, and therefore, if a voltage measurement value is included in the control loop of the control system, the control system may become unstable. That is, the control system in the present embodiment is configured to perform calculation with a fixed value without using the voltage measurement value in order to ensure the stability of the system.
- reactive power command value Qac_cmd is fixed at, for example, 0.
- the reactive power components of the load 5 are all borne by the generator 2i.
- the power converter 4i bears all load power (including reactive power) of the load 5 .
- the q-axis component Iq of the alternating current Iac output to the alternating current wiring portion 3i is controlled to be zero.
- the AC wiring section voltage Vac settles at a location off the d axis.
- phase operation unit 70 performs the PLL operation (if switching by selector 70a is not performed)
- the frequency (angular velocity ⁇ ) in AC wiring portion 3i is raised to match AC wiring portion voltage Vac with the d axis. .
- the frequency continues to rise at the time of disconnection of the generator 2i.
- the load 5 connected to the AC wiring portion 3i has an operating frequency range set in advance. For this reason, when the frequency of the AC wiring portion 3i exceeds the set frequency region, there is a possibility that the stable operation of the load 5 can not be secured. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the phase operation unit 70 is configured not to perform the PLL operation when the generator 2i is stopped by switching by the selector 70a, and to use a fixed value in the calculation of the command value. Thereby, the frequency of the AC wiring portion 3i can be prevented from rising excessively, and stable operation of the load 5 can be ensured.
- the generator 2i is configured such that the relationship between the generator output voltage and the active power output from each generator 2i to the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i has a predetermined first drooping characteristic.
- the control device 17i the relationship of the AC wiring portion voltage Vac with the power conversion device active power Pac output by each power conversion device 4i to the AC wiring portion 3i corresponding to the generator 2i has a predetermined second drooping characteristic.
- the target values of the first control element in the present embodiment, the instantaneous values Va_ref, Vb_ref, Vc_ref of the AC voltage target value) are determined.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are graphs showing the relationship between the active power and the AC wiring portion voltage in each of the two AC wiring portions.
- FIG. 5 shows the case where there is no correction by the DC voltage Vdc described later.
- the AC wiring section voltage in the AC wiring section 31 is V1ac
- the output effective power of the power conversion device 41 connected to the AC wiring section 31 is P1ac
- the generator 21 connected to the AC wiring section 31 is P1 gen
- the output active power is P1 gen
- the power supplied to the load 5 connected to the AC wiring portion 31 is P1, and the relationship between them is shown in the left graph.
- the AC wiring section voltage in the AC wiring section 32 is V2ac
- the output active power of the power conversion device 42 connected to the AC wiring section 32 is P2ac
- the output active power of the device 22 is P2gen
- the power supplied to the load 5 connected to the AC wiring section 32 is P2, and the relationship between them is shown in the graph on the right.
- the graph DC1 on the right of the vertical axis in each of the graphs of FIGS. 5 and 6 shows the first drop characteristic (the relationship of the AC wiring section voltage Viac to the active power Pigen output by the generator 2i).
- Graphs DC20 and DC2 indicate the second drop characteristics (the relationship between the AC wiring section voltage Viac and the power converter active power Piac).
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 the case where the generator 2i and alternating current wiring part 3i are carrying out interconnection connection is shown.
- the DC voltage Vdc decreases with the increase of the power conversion device active power P2ac.
- graph DC20 of the 2nd drooping characteristic in the graph regarding alternating current wiring part 32 shifts downward (broken line arrow A), and shifts to DC2.
- power is supplied from the AC wiring portion 31 mutually connected through the DC wiring portion 6 to the DC wiring portion 6 through the power conversion device 41.
- the second drooping characteristic of the AC wiring portion 31 also shifts.
- FIG. 6 it is shown that the graph DC20 of the second drooping characteristic in the graph related to the AC wiring portion 31 shifts downward by the same amount as the AC wiring portion 32 (broken line arrow A ') and shifts to DC2.
- the power conversion device active power P1ac in the AC wiring unit 31 has a negative value. That is, the effective power for the P 1 ac is supplied from the AC wiring unit 31 to the AC wiring unit 32 through the DC wiring unit 6.
- the balance is established at the point where the supply and demand balance of the DC wiring unit 6 is established.
- the interchange of the power between the AC wiring portions 31 and 32 is realized by the mutual action of the series of characteristics possessed by the generator 2i and the power conversion device 4i. Such accommodation of power is realized not only between the two AC wiring parts 31 and 32 but also when three or more AC wiring parts 3i are connected via the DC wiring part 6.
- the target value of the first control element for AC / DC conversion in the power conversion device 4i corresponds to the corresponding AC wiring portion 3i for each power conversion device 4i. Is determined so as to have a second drooping characteristic in the relationship between the AC wiring section voltage Vac and the power conversion device active power Pac output by the.
- the target value of the first control element is corrected according to the DC voltage Vdc in the DC wiring unit 6.
- phase target value is obtained for the case where the generator 2i and the AC wiring unit 3i are interconnected and connected, the case where the generator 2i is disconnected, and the case where the generator 2i is stopped.
- the operation mode of ⁇ ref is switched. According to this, even when the phase ⁇ gen of the generator voltage V gen and the phase ⁇ ac of the AC wiring section voltage Vac do not match, it is possible to calculate the appropriate phase target value ⁇ ref according to the operating condition. .
- the power supply system 1 according to the present embodiment has the following effects as a more specific effect. That is, first, in the power supply system 1 according to the present embodiment, even if the generator 2i is stopped, the power conversion device 4i continues the power supply, so that no momentary interruption occurs. In particular, according to the present embodiment, no instantaneous interruption occurs even when the generator 2i is suddenly stopped due to a failure or the like.
- power can be mutually exchanged among the plurality of AC wiring sections 3i via the power conversion device 4i interconnected by the DC wiring section 6.
- the amount of interchange of power is configured to be calculated from the first drooping characteristic of the generator 2i, the second drooping characteristic of the power converter 4i, and the correction amount of the output active power by the DC voltage Vdc.
- the control of the generator 2i and the power converter 4i is independent in principle. Therefore, although the generator 2i and the power conversion device 4i operate independently, appropriate power interchange is performed.
- the operation rate of the generator 2i can be increased compared to the conventional variable frequency power supply system.
- the conventional variable frequency power supply system has a problem that the operating rate of the generator can not be increased.
- a method of connecting generators in a power supply system a plurality of generators are connected to independent wiring units (power supply BUS), and one generator supplies electric power to a load connected to each wiring unit.
- power supply BUS independent wiring units
- each wiring section is provided with a bypass circuit from another generator, and when one generator stops, the wiring section of the stopped generator is connected through the bypass circuit. It is configured to receive supply of power from one other generator. Therefore, when one of the three generators stops, one of the remaining two generators is bypassed to the wiring corresponding to the stopped generator. Thus, for example, if one generator outputting 50% of the power for the corresponding load is shut down, the other generators bypassed to this load will be 50% before bypassing. It is limited to the generator that is outputting the following power.
- the share of generator 2i at which the remaining two generators 2i are stopped is equally shared. Do. Therefore, for example, when one generator outputting 50% of the power to the corresponding load is stopped, the sharing ratio flexibly according to the load status of the remaining two generators with respect to this load. Can be changed (the powers output from the three generators 2i are approximately equalized). Therefore, the operation rate of each generator 2i can be increased.
- the power supply system 1 can suppress voltage fluctuation at the time of sudden load change.
- voltage fluctuation occurs due to a sudden change in the load 5 connected to the AC wiring portion 3i
- power interchange is performed among the plurality of AC wiring portions 3i according to the fluctuation, so that the AC where the load fluctuation has occurred Voltage fluctuation of the generator 2i connected to the wiring portion 3i can be suppressed.
- the failure even if a failure occurs on one AC wiring portion 3i, the failure hardly affects the other AC wiring portions 3i. Since the plurality of AC wiring portions 3i are mutually connected via the power conversion device 4i, even if a fault such as a failure occurs in a certain AC wiring portion 3i, the protection function (for example, current) of the plurality of power conversion devices 4i Since the limiter, the over current, and the stop due to the under voltage are activated, it is possible to suppress the spread of the problem to the other AC wiring portion 3i.
- the protection function for example, current
- all control devices 17i connected to DC wiring unit 6 are targets of the first control element of power conversion device 4i according to DC voltage Vdc of DC wiring unit 6 By correcting the value, the amount of charge and discharge of the DC wiring portion 6 is adjusted to be properly maintained. Therefore, the control methods of the plurality of power conversion devices 4i connected to one DC wiring unit 6 can all be made the same, and even if any power conversion device 4i is stopped, the remaining power conversion devices 4i Thus, the DC voltage Vdc is properly maintained.
- the present embodiment it is possible to connect a plurality of power conversion devices 4i to one DC wiring unit 6, and to control each power conversion device 4i independently. it can.
- the control system between the generator 2i and the power conversion device 4i is also independent in principle, and each operates autonomously. That is, in order to realize the power interchange among the plurality of power conversion devices 4i, it is not necessary to adjust the control system in each power conversion device 4i and each generator 2i. Therefore, dynamically changing the power supply configuration can be easily realized.
- wiring can be simplified as compared with the conventional variable frequency power supply system.
- the conventional split type power supply system as described above, when one generator is stopped, the corresponding wiring section is provided with a bypass circuit for receiving electric power supply from the other generator.
- the number of generators provided in the power supply system increases, the number of bypass circuits also increases, and the wiring becomes complicated. Also, the determination of which generator to bypass is complicated.
- the generator is stopped as required in the conventional split type power supply system. Bypass circuit can be eliminated. Further, in the present embodiment, when one generator 2i is stopped, it is not necessary to determine which generator 2i should be bypassed to the AC wiring portion 3i corresponding to the stopped generator 2i. Can.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Power supply system 1B according to the second embodiment differs from power supply system 1 according to the first embodiment in that at least one of a plurality of generators (generator 20; second generator) corresponds to corresponding AC wiring portion 31.
- the relationship of the frequency fac to the generator effective power Pac output from the generator 20 is configured to have a predetermined third drooping characteristic.
- the generator 20 having the third drooping characteristic is, for example, a fixed frequency generator (CF generator) operated by constant frequency control.
- CF generator fixed frequency generator
- control device 170 of the power conversion device 41 connected to the AC wiring unit (second AC wiring unit) 31 to which the generator 20 is connected is an AC corresponding to the generator 20 having the third drooping characteristic.
- the target value of the second control element is determined so that the relationship of the frequency fac to the power conversion device active power Pac output by the power conversion device 41 to the wiring unit 31 has a predetermined fourth drooping characteristic, and the second control By correcting the target value of the element in accordance with the DC voltage Vdc in the DC wiring unit 6, a drive signal So for the power conversion device 41 is generated.
- power generator 22 has the first drooping characteristic as power generator 2i in the first embodiment, and is a power conversion device connected to AC wiring portion 32 to which generator 22 is connected.
- the control device 172 performs control similar to that of the control device 17i (FIG. 2) in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system of power conversion device 41 corresponding to generator 20 having the third drooping characteristic in power supply system 1B shown in FIG.
- the control devices 170A and 170B in FIG. 7 are collectively referred to as a control device 170.
- the control device 170 of the power conversion device 41 also controls the power conversion device 41 using the alternating current Id and Iq output from the power conversion device 41 to the corresponding AC wiring unit 3i as the second control element. More specifically, control device 170 multiplies the deviation of frequency fac with respect to predetermined frequency command value fac_cmd by coefficient 1 / Dr_p indicating the fourth drop characteristic to obtain active power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref.
- An active power target value calculation unit 770 that calculates an active power target value Pac_ref according to
- Control device 170 converts active power target value Pac_ref to alternating current target value Id_ref, and controls corresponding power conversion device 4i as one of target values of the second control element.
- the control device 170 and the control device 172 (the configuration of FIG. 2) of the power conversion device 42 connected to the AC wiring unit 32 to which the generator 22 is connected may be configured independently of each other. , And may be configured as a plurality of functional blocks in one control device.
- Control device 170 includes voltage / frequency / phase operation unit 710, current operation unit 720, active / reactive power operation unit 730, active power target value operation unit 770, reactive power target value operation unit 780, and drive signal generation unit 790. It has a control block.
- the voltage / frequency / phase operation unit 710 like the voltage operation unit 71 of the control device 17i, uses the instantaneous values va, vb, vc of the voltages of the respective phases detected by the AC voltage measuring instrument 8 according to equation (5)
- the wiring section voltage Vac is calculated.
- the voltage / frequency / phase operation unit 71 calculates the frequency fac and the phase ⁇ ac of the corresponding AC wiring unit 3i by the well-known PLL (Phase Lock Loop) operation.
- PLL Phase Lock Loop
- voltage / frequency / phase operation unit 710 generates voltage (d-axis voltage Vd, q) at each coordinate axis of a rotational coordinate (dq coordinate) system of AC voltage from instantaneous values va, vb, vc of voltage of each phase and phase ⁇ ac.
- the axis voltage Vq) is calculated.
- the arithmetic expression is obtained by replacing ⁇ ref in the equation (6) with ⁇ ac.
- Current operation unit 720 calculates the current (d-axis current Id, q) on each coordinate axis of the rotational coordinate system of the alternating current from instantaneous current ia, ib, ic of each phase and phase ⁇ ac calculated by voltage / frequency / phase operation unit 710.
- the axis current Iq) is calculated.
- the arithmetic expression is obtained by replacing ⁇ ref in the expression (7) with ⁇ ac.
- Active / reactive power computing unit 730 generates a power conversion device active power Pac according to the following equation from voltages Vd and Vq computed by voltage / frequency / phase computing unit 710 and currents Id and Iq computed by current computing unit 720. And calculate the power converter reactive power Qac.
- Active power target value calculation unit 770 calculates active power target value Pac_ref based on frequency fac calculated by voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 710.
- the active power target value calculation unit 770 is configured to set the active power target value such that the relationship between the frequency fac and the active power Pac output from the power conversion device 41 to the corresponding AC wiring unit 31 has a predetermined fourth droop characteristic. Calculate Pac_ref.
- active power target value calculation unit 770 calculates the active power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref by multiplying the deviation of frequency fac from the predetermined frequency command value fac_cmd by the Droop coefficient 1 / Dr_p according to the fourth drop characteristic. Do. Active power target value calculation unit 770 calculates active power target value Pac_ref based on calculated active power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref and predetermined active power command value Pac_cmd.
- active power target value calculation unit 770 corrects active power target value Pac_ref in accordance with DC voltage Vdc in DC wiring unit 6. More specifically, active power target value calculation unit 770 multiplies the deviation of DC voltage Vdc from the predetermined DC voltage command value Vdc_cmd by a predetermined correction factor (correction gain) (-Kdc) to obtain active power correction value Pac_cmp.
- Active power target value calculation unit 770 adds active power reference value ⁇ Pac_ref and active power correction value Pac_cmp to active power command value Pac_cmd to calculate active power target value Pac_ref.
- control device 170 sets the target value of reactive power Qac such that the relationship between power converter reactive power Qac and AC wiring section voltage Vac corresponding to power converter 41 has a predetermined fifth drooping characteristic. It is configured to determine Qac_ref.
- the reactive power target value calculator 780 calculates a reactive power target value Qac_ref based on the AC wiring section voltage Vac calculated by the voltage / frequency / phase calculator 71.
- the reactive power target value computing unit 780 is invalidated such that the relationship of the AC wiring section voltage Vac with the reactive power Qac output by the power conversion device 41 to the corresponding AC wiring section 31 has a predetermined fifth drooping characteristic.
- An electric power target value Qac_ref is calculated.
- reactive power target value calculation unit 780 multiplies the deviation of AC wiring portion voltage Vac from the predetermined AC voltage command value Vac_cmd by the droop coefficient 1 / Dr_q according to the fifth drooping characteristic to refer to reactive power. Calculate the value ⁇ Qac_ref.
- the reactive power target value calculation unit 780 adds the calculated reactive power reference value ⁇ Qac_ref to a predetermined reactive power command value Qac_cmd to calculate a reactive power target value Qac_ref.
- Control device 170 generates a pair of alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref using active power target value Pac_ref and reactive power target value Qac_ref. Specifically, control device 170 multiplies active power target value Pac_ref output from active power target value calculation unit 770 by predetermined gain Kac, and outputs the result from power conversion device 41 to corresponding AC wiring unit 31 d. The target value Id_ref of the axis current is calculated. Further, control device 170 multiplies reactive power target value Qac_ref output from reactive power target value calculation unit 780 by a predetermined gain (-Kac), and outputs the result from power conversion device 41 to corresponding AC wiring unit 31. The target value Iq_ref of the q-axis current is calculated.
- the control device 170 is configured to generate a drive signal having the target values of the alternating current output from the power conversion device 41 to the corresponding alternating current wiring portion 31 as the alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref and the phase ⁇ ac of the alternating current. Ru.
- AC signals Id and Iq, phase target value ⁇ ac and AC current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref to be output to the AC wiring section 3i are input to the drive signal generation section 790.
- the drive signal generation unit 790 obtains a drive signal So such that the alternating currents Id and Iq output to the alternating current wiring unit 31 become the alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref, and outputs the drive signal So to the power conversion device 41. Specifically, the drive signal generation unit 790 calculates AC voltage target values Vd_ref and Vq_ref from the AC current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref according to the following equation.
- Kd and Kq represent predetermined gains
- Tid and Tiq represent predetermined time constants.
- the drive signal generation unit 790 calculates target values Va_ref, Vb_ref, Vc_ref of the instantaneous voltages Va, Vb, Vc of the AC wiring portion 31 which are three-phase AC from the AC voltage target values Vd_ref, Vq_ref according to the following equation.
- the relationship between the output voltage of the alternating current unit of the power conversion device 41 and the alternating current output from the alternating current wiring unit and the alternating current wiring unit 31 from the power conversion device 41 is the same as the relationship shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the AC wiring portion voltage Vac coincides with the d axis by the PLL operation.
- a fixed value Kac, -Kac ).
- control system of the power conversion device 41 a voltage is used as an operation amount, and therefore, if a voltage measurement value is included in the control loop of the control system, the control system may become unstable. That is, the control system in the present embodiment is configured to perform calculation with a fixed value without using the voltage measurement value in order to ensure the stability of the system.
- the drive signal generation unit 790 obtains a drive signal So such that the alternating currents Id and Iq of the alternating current wiring unit 31 become the alternating current target values Id_ref and Iq_ref, and outputs the drive signal So to the power conversion device 41.
- the drive signal generation unit 790 similarly to the drive signal generation unit 79 of the control device 17i, sets target values Va_ref, Vb_ref, of the instantaneous voltages Va, Vb, Vc of the AC wiring unit 31 which are three-phase AC. Calculate Vc_ref.
- the arithmetic expression is obtained by replacing ⁇ ref with ⁇ ac in the equations (8) and (9).
- the target value of the second control element for AC / DC conversion in the power conversion device 41 outputs the power output from the power conversion device 41 to the corresponding AC wiring portion 31. It is determined that the relationship of frequency fac to converter active power Pac has a fourth dropping characteristic. Therefore, power can be exchanged between the AC power supply system to which the generator 22 whose frequency fac is variably controlled is connected and the AC power supply system to which the generator 20 whose frequency fac is fixed is connected is connected. it can. Even in this case, the power conversion devices 41 and 42 can be controlled independently. Therefore, the power supply system can be selected in accordance with the characteristics of the load, and the device configuration can be made more efficient.
- the power supply system 1B in the present embodiment it is possible to perform the exchange of power between the VF generator 22 and the CF generator 20.
- an AC power supply system of variable frequency AC wiring section 32
- an AC power supply system of fixed frequency AC wiring section 31
- a DC power supply system DC wiring section 6, application example 2 and FIG. Since application example 5 of (1) becomes available, it becomes possible to select the power supply BUS to be connected according to the characteristics of the loads 5 and 5D. Thus, more efficient device configuration can be achieved.
- a load 5 requiring a fixed frequency power supply such as a motor is connected to an AC power supply system of fixed frequency.
- the load 5 which does not depend on frequencies, such as resistive load, is connected to the alternating current power supply system of a variable frequency.
- a load 5D requiring a DC power supply such as an inverter, an actuator, and a control circuit is connected to a DC power supply system. This makes it possible to omit the extra power conversion circuit on the side of the loads 5 and 5D.
- control mode of the power conversion device 41 connected to the CF generator 20 is exemplified to be performed in the above control mode different from the power conversion device 42 connected to the VF generator 22.
- the control mode of the power conversion device 41 connected to the CF generator 20 may be controlled in the same manner as the power conversion device 42 connected to the VF generator 22. That is, similarly to power conversion device 41 in the first embodiment, power conversion device 41 in the present embodiment also has a second drop characteristic in which the relationship of AC wiring portion voltage Vac to power conversion device effective power Pac is predetermined. Control may be performed using a target value of one control element.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration example for simulation of the power supply system in the first embodiment.
- the same components as in FIG. 1 will be assigned the same reference numerals and descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- one VF generator (first generator) 21 to one for each of the four AC wiring parts (first AC wiring parts) 31 to 34 The power supply system 1S to which 24 is connected is used.
- the four AC wiring parts 31 to 34 are mutually connected via one DC wiring part 6.
- Four generators 21 to 24 are provided two for each of the two main engines E1 and E2.
- the generators 21 and 22 generate electric power based on the rotational power of the main engine E1
- the electric generators 23 and 24 generate electric power based on the rotational power of the main engine E2.
- the capacities and rated voltages (line voltages) of the generators 21 to 24 and the power converters 41 to 44 are 150 kVA and 400 Vrms, respectively.
- FIG. 10 shows the power conversion device active power CNV1 output to the AC wiring unit 31 (AC BUS 1) by the power conversion device 41 in case 1, the generator active power GEN1 output from the corresponding generator 21 and the load 5 effective. It is a graph which shows the time change of electric power LOAD1.
- FIG. 11 shows the power conversion device active power CNV2 that the power conversion device 42 outputs to the AC wiring unit 32 (AC BUS 2) in Case 1, the generator active power GEN2 that the corresponding generator 22 outputs, and the load 5. It is a graph which shows the time change of active power LOAD2 of.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the time change of the direct current voltage (DC BUS) of the direct current wiring portion 6 in Case 1. In FIG. 12, the unit voltage (Per Unit) is used with the rated voltage being 1.
- the load 5 of the AC wiring portion 31 rises from 50% (75 kW) to 100% (150 kW) one second after the start of the simulation.
- the power conversion device active power CNV1 of the AC wiring unit 31 changes from 0 to 50 kW, and the generator active power GEN1 of the corresponding generator 21 is increased by 25 kW and changed to 100 kW. That is, of the increase of 75kW of the effective power LOAD1 of the load 5, 50kW of active power obtained by subtracting the increase of 25kW of the generator effective power GEN1 of the generator 21 from the other AC wiring units 32 to 34 It can be seen that the signal is supplied to the alternating current wiring portion 31 via the same.
- the generator effective power GEN2 of the generator 22 corresponding to the AC wiring portion 32 is increased by about 17 kW to about 92 kW in FIG. 11, and the power conversion device active power CNV2 of the AC wiring portion 32 is about It can be understood from the fact that it is 17 kW. That is, when the generator effective power of the generators 22 to 24 corresponding to the other AC wiring units 32 to 34 is increased by about 17 kW, a total of 50 kW of active power from the other AC wiring units 32 to 34 is AC wiring. It is supplied to the unit 31. At this time, as shown in FIG. 12, the DC voltage is also maintained in the appropriate range.
- the generator active power GEN1 of the corresponding generator 21 is increased by 25 kW, and a generator corresponding to the other AC wiring portions 32 to 34 22-24 generator active power GEN2 has risen by about 17 kW.
- the load sharing of the generators 21 to 24 is substantially equalized by the power interchange through the power conversion devices 41 to 44. Therefore, it is shown that parallel operation by a plurality of generators which can not be realized by the conventional variable frequency power supply system can be equivalently realized.
- Case 2 simulates the operation in the case where the load 5 of each of the AC wiring portions 31 to 34 is changed stepwise from the initial state similar to the case 1.
- 13 to 16 are graphs showing the results of simulation (case 2) in the power supply system 1S shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the time change of the active powers LOAD1 to LOAD4 for each of the loads 5 connected to each of the AC wiring parts 31 to 34 in Case 2.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the time change of the power conversion device active powers CNV1 to CNV4 outputted to the AC wiring parts 31 to corresponding to the power conversion devices 41 to 44 in Case 2.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing time changes of the generator effective powers GEN1 to GEN4 of the generators 21 to 24 in Case 2.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the time change of the direct current voltage (DC BUS) of the direct current wiring portion 6 in case 2 in unit notation.
- DC BUS direct current voltage
- FIGS. 17 to 19 are graphs showing the results of simulation (case 3) in the power supply system 1S shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 shows the power conversion device active power CNV1 that the power conversion device 41 outputs to the AC wiring unit 31 (AC BUS 1) in Case 3, the generator active power GEN1 of the corresponding generator 21 and the active power LOAD1 of the load 5. It is a graph which shows the time change of.
- FIG. 18 shows that the power conversion device active power CNV2 output to the AC wiring unit 32 (AC BUS 2) by the power conversion device 42 in Case 3, the generator active power GEN2 of the corresponding generator 22 and the load 5 are effective. It is a graph which shows the time change of electric power LOAD2.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the time change of the frequency of the AC wiring section 31 (AC BUS 1) in Case 3.
- the generator 21 is disconnected one second after the start of the simulation, and the generator active power GEN1 becomes zero. Instead, the power conversion device active power CNV1 output from the power conversion device 41 to the AC wiring unit 31 is increased from 0 to 75 kW so as to compensate for the corresponding active power LOAD1 of the load 5. As a result, the active power LOAD1 to the load 5 receives continuous power supply without interruption. At this time, the other AC wiring units 32 to 34 supply power to the AC wiring unit 31 via the power conversion device 41.
- the generator active power GEN2 of the generator 22 is increased by 25 kW and changed to 100 kW, and the power converter active power CNV2 output from the power converter 42 to the AC wiring unit 32 is 0 Changes to -25kW.
- the same 75 kW of power conversion device active power as the load 5 connected to the AC wiring unit 31 as a whole is supplied to the AC wiring unit 31. Ru.
- the frequency of the AC wiring portion 31 hardly changes before and after the disconnection of the generator 21.
- the phase deviation ⁇ of the PLL is controlled to be fixed to 0 0.1 second after the generator 21 is disconnected.
- FIG. 19 shows that such control prevents the frequency of the corresponding AC wiring section 31 from becoming unstable.
- FIGS. 20 to 22 are graphs showing the results of simulation (case 4) in the power supply system 1S shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 shows the power conversion device active power CNV1 output to the AC wiring unit 31 (AC BUS 1) by the power conversion device 41, the generator active power GEN1 of the corresponding generator 21 and the active power LOAD1 of the load 5 in Case 4. It is a graph which shows the time change of. Further, FIG. 21 shows that the power conversion device active power CNV2 that the power conversion device 42 outputs to the AC wiring unit 32 (AC BUS 2) in Case 4, the generator active power GEN2 of the corresponding generator 22 and the load 5 are effective. It is a graph which shows the time change of electric power LOAD2. In addition, since the time change of each value of other alternating current wiring parts 33 and 34 is a result similar to FIG. 21, it is abbreviate
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the time change of the frequency of the AC wiring section 31 (AC BUS 1) in Case 4.
- the load 5 of the AC wiring portion 31 changes from 50% to 100% one second after the start of the simulation. Then, three seconds after the start of the simulation, the generator 21 is disconnected. Furthermore, 0.1 second after the parallel-out of the generator 21, in the phase calculation unit 70 of the control device 171 of the corresponding power conversion device 41, the value corresponding to the phase deviation ⁇ of PLL is changed to the fixed value 0 .
- Case 4 is a condition that does not hold in the conventional method in which it is necessary to bypass the other AC wiring section when the generator is stopped. That is, in the conventional method, when attempting to bypass any one of the generators 22 to 24 connected to the other AC wiring units 32 to 34 to the AC wiring unit 31, the load on the generator is 100%. And become overloaded.
- the power conversion device is output to AC wiring portion 32 (and AC wiring portions 33 and 34 as well) even after the power generator 21 is disconnected.
- Active power CNV1 is less than 150 kW (100%). That is, it can be seen that power interchange from the other AC wiring sections 32 to 34 to the AC wiring section 31 occurs immediately after disconnection of the generator 21 and load sharing by the plurality of generators 22 to 24 can be realized. .
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration example for simulation of the power supply system in the second embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 1 and 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the fixed frequency generator (CF power generation) is provided in each of two AC wiring sections (second AC wiring sections) 32 and 33 among four AC wiring sections 31 to 34.
- Second generator 20B, 20A are connected one by one, and variable frequency generators (VF generator, first) are respectively connected to the remaining two AC wiring parts (first AC wiring parts) 31, 34.
- the power supply system 1T is used in which the generators 21 and 24 are connected one by one.
- the four AC wiring parts 31 to 34 are mutually connected via one DC wiring part 6.
- one CF generator 20B and one VF generator 21 and one VF generator 24 are provided for each of the engines E1 and E2. That is, a CF generator 20B and a VF generator 21 are provided in the engine E1, and a CF generator 20A and a VF generator 24 are provided in the engine E2.
- FIGS. 24 to 27 are graphs showing the results of simulation (case 5) in the power supply system 1T shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing time change of active power (VF BUS LOAD1, VF BUS LOAD2, CF BUS LOAD1, CF BUS LOAD2) for each load 5 connected to each of the AC wiring portions 31 to 34 in Case 5; is there.
- VF BUS LOAD1 shows the active power of the load 5 connected to AC wiring part
- VF BUS LOAD2 shows the active power of the load 5 connected to AC wiring part 34
- CF BUS LOAD1 is AC
- the active power of the load 5 connected to the wiring unit 33 is shown
- CF BUS LOAD 2 indicates the active power of the load 5 connected to the AC wiring unit 32.
- FIG. 25 shows the power conversion device active power (VF BUS CNV1, VF BUS CNV2, CF BUS CNV1, CF BUS CNV2) output to the AC wiring sections 31 to 34 corresponding to the power conversion devices 41 to 44 in Case 5, respectively.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing the time change of the generator effective power (VF BUS GEN1, VF BUS GEN2, CF BUS GEN1, CF BUS GEN2) of the VF generators 21 and 24 and the CF generators 20B and 20A in Case 5 is there.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the time change of the direct current voltage (DC BUS) of the direct current wiring portion 6 in case 5 in unit notation.
- DC BUS direct current voltage
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram for explaining one application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- the power supply system 1C in FIG. 28 includes six generators 21 to 26 each connected to the respective AC wiring sections 31 to 36.
- the generators 21 to 24 are configured as variable frequency generators (VF generators) in which the frequency of the generated power changes in accordance with the rotational speeds of the main engines E1, E2.
- VF generators variable frequency generators
- the remaining generators 25 and 26 are configured as a transmission built-in generator (IDG: Integrated Drive Generator) that generates electric power based on rotational power of an auxiliary power unit (APU: Auxiliary Power Unit, not shown). That is, the generators 25 and 26 are configured as fixed frequency generators (CF generators).
- the load 5 is not connected to the generators 25 and 26.
- the CF generators 25 and 26 also operate as a generator (first generator) having a first drop characteristic. That is, the control devices 175 and 176 of the power conversion devices 45 and 46 corresponding to the CF generators 25 and 26 also have the relationship of the AC wiring portion voltage Vac to the power conversion device active power Pac, similarly to the other control devices 171 to 174.
- the target value of the first control element is determined so as to have a predetermined second drooping characteristic, and the target value of the first control element is corrected according to the DC voltage Vdc in the DC wiring portions 61 and 62.
- DC wiring part 61 is connected to the direct current
- a direct current wiring unit 62 is connected to the direct current unit of the devices 43, 44 and 46.
- the bypass circuit 63 is provided with the circuit breaker 110.
- circuit breakers 111 to 116 are provided between the DC wiring units 61 and 62 and the power conversion devices 41 to 46, respectively.
- the loads 5 of the six AC wiring sections 31 to 34 can be shared by the maximum of six generators 21 to 26.
- voltage and frequency fluctuations at the time of sudden load change are suppressed.
- one AC wiring part 3i It is possible to easily change the configuration of the power supply system 1C, such as whether the load 5 connected thereto is borne by one generator 2i or by a plurality of generators 2i.
- the generators 21 and 22 that generate electric power based on the rotational power of one engine E1 are connected to the power converters 41 and 42 connected to one DC wiring portion 61, and the other engine
- the generators 23, 24 that generate electric power based on the rotational power of E2 are connected to the power conversion devices 43, 44 connected to the other DC wiring portion 62.
- the power conversion device 41 in which the generators 21 and 22 that generate electric power based on the rotational power of one engine E1 are connected to the DC wiring portion 61 and the power conversion device 43 connected to the DC wiring portion 62.
- Connected to the power conversion device 42 connected to the DC wiring portion 61 and the power conversion device 44 connected to the DC wiring portion 62 are connected and connected to the DC wiring portion 61.
- the configuration may be
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram for explaining another application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- the control devices 171 to 176 of the AC wiring sections 31 to 36 are not shown.
- the same components as in FIG. 28 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will be omitted.
- the VF generators 21 to 24 are connected to the AC wiring units 31 to 34
- the CF generators 25 and 26 are connected to the AC wiring units 35 and 36. .
- the DC wiring portion 61 is connected to the DC portions of the power conversion devices 41, 43, 45 to which the AC wiring portions 31, 33, 35 are connected, and the AC wiring portions 32, 34, 36
- the DC wiring unit 62 is connected to the DC unit of the power conversion devices 42, 44, and 46 to which is connected.
- one DC wiring portion 61 and power conversion devices 41, 43, 45 connected thereto are disposed on the first power distribution portion S1, and the other DC wiring portion 62 and the other are connected.
- Power converters 42, 44 and 46 are disposed on the second power distribution unit S2.
- the DC wiring portions 61 and 62 are connected to each other via a bypass circuit 63.
- circuit breakers 110A and 110B are provided on the power distribution units S1 and S2, respectively.
- the first power distribution unit S1 is disposed in front of the aircraft, and the second power distribution unit S2 is disposed behind the aircraft.
- distribution of power distribution units S1 and S2 is divided, so that the distance between load 5 and power distribution units S1 and S2 is optimized.
- the wiring amount can be reduced because it is only necessary to connect the portions S1 and S2 by one bypass circuit 63.
- the power conversion devices 45 and 46 corresponding to the generators 25 and 26 are also connected to the DC wiring parts 61 and 62, thereby allowing the power of the generators 25 and 26 to be supplied to any of the AC wiring parts 31 without increasing the bypass circuit. It becomes possible to supply the load 5 connected to.
- circuit breakers 110A and 110B are provided at both ends (the power distribution units S1 and S2) of the bypass circuit 63.
- the bypass circuit 63 is disconnected from both of the power distribution units S1 and S2.
- power interchange can not be performed between the power distribution units S1 and S2, but each of the AC wiring units 31 to 34 is still one VF generator 21 or 23 or 22 or 24 respectively. Since the power can be supplied from the CF generator 25 or 26 of the above, it can be said that sufficient safety is ensured.
- the power distribution units S1 and S2 are distributed at the front and back of the aircraft, even if a malfunction of the aircraft occurs in either one of the front and rear of the fuselage, the power distribution disposed at the other Power supply to each load 5 can be continued in the unit. Therefore, the influence on the power supply system 1D due to the failure can be reduced.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram for explaining another application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- the same components as in FIG. 1 will be assigned the same reference numerals and descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- the power supply system 1E in this application example not only the load 5 is connected to the AC wiring portion 3i (31, 32), but also a load (DC load) 5D is connected to the DC wiring portion 6.
- the active power supplied to the DC load 5D connected to the DC wiring unit 6 is equally shared by the AC wiring unit 3i connected to the DC wiring unit 6. Even in the state where the DC load 5D is connected to the DC wiring portion 6, power interchange among the plurality of AC wiring portions 3i is appropriately performed as described above.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram for explaining another application example of the power supply system in the first embodiment to an aircraft.
- the same components as in FIG. 1 will be assigned the same reference numerals and descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- a storage facility 13 is connected to the DC wiring unit 6.
- the storage battery 13a of the storage facility 13 is connected to the DC wiring unit 6 via a rectifier circuit 13b including a rectifier such as a diode.
- the voltage of the storage battery 13a (storage battery voltage) is set to be lower than the voltage fluctuation range during normal operation of the DC wiring unit 6 (a state in which power interchange is performed between the plurality of AC wiring units 3i). Thus, no power is supplied from the storage battery 13a to the DC wiring unit 6 during the normal operation.
- the storage battery 13 a is charged by the charging device 13 c connected to the DC wiring unit 6.
- the power storage facility 13 can continue the power supply to the loads 5. Moreover, the storage battery 13a of the storage facility 13 is charged from the generator 2i during the normal operation of the generator 2i. Therefore, the power supply backup function can be provided with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 show that the generator 2i is a VF generator
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the configurations of the application example 3 and the application example 4 are the second embodiment and the following application. As in the example 5, it is also applicable to a configuration in which the AC wiring portion 3i corresponding to the CF generator and the AC wiring portion 3i corresponding to the VF generator are connected via the DC wiring portion 6.
- FIG. 32 is a block diagram for explaining one application example of the power supply system in the second embodiment to an aircraft.
- the control devices 171 to 176 of the AC wiring sections 31 to 36 are not shown.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 23 and 29 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description will be omitted.
- CF generators (second generators) 20B and 20A are used as AC wiring units (second AC wiring units) 32 and 33. It is connected.
- the power conversion devices 42 and 43 connected to the AC wiring units 32 and 33 have the relationship of the frequency fac of the AC wiring units 32 and 33 with respect to the power conversion device active power Pac as described in the second embodiment. Control is performed using the target value of the second control element having the drooping characteristic of four.
- the DC loads 5D are connected to the DC wiring portions 61 and 62, respectively.
- the operation of the power supply system 1G by connecting the DC load 5D is similar to that of the power supply system 1E in the application example 3.
- variable frequency AC power supply systems AC wiring sections 31, 34
- fixed frequency AC power supply systems AC wiring sections 32, 33
- DC power supply systems DC wiring sections 61, 62
- the power conversion devices 41 and 44 corresponding to the VF generators 21 and 24 and the power conversion devices 43 and 42 corresponding to the CF generators 20A and 20B are provided in one of the distribution units S1 and S2. It is arranged one by one. Thus, even if a problem occurs in one of the power distribution units S1 and S2, power supply to the loads 5 and 5D having different characteristics can be continued. However, instead of this, the VF generators 21 and 24 and the corresponding power conversion devices 41 and 44 are disposed in one distribution unit, and the other distribution units correspond to the CF generators 20A and 20B.
- the power conversion devices 43 and 42 may be arranged.
- AC wiring section 3i to which a power supply system was applied was a three phase system
- AC wiring unit 3i is a single-phase two-wire system or a single-phase three-wire system
- a similar power supply system can be constructed except that the method of various operations differs depending on the system.
- the control aspect the same control aspect as the VF generator as shown in FIG. 2 or the control aspect as shown in FIG. 8 different therefrom
- Various modes can be adopted as the number of DC wiring parts 6 or the like.
- application examples described above may not only be configured independently of one another, but may be combined with a plurality of application examples as appropriate to configure a power supply system.
- the present invention can be mainly applied to an aircraft or a hybrid propulsion ship, but the power supply system of the above embodiment is suitably applicable as long as it is a power supply system provided with a plurality of generators. is there.
- the power supply system of the above embodiment can be applied to a mobile power supply system such as a normal ship, a private power generation system, and the like.
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- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[システム構成]
以下、本発明の実施の形態1について説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る電源システムの概略構成を示すブロック図である。本実施の形態における電源システム1は、複数(図1の例では2つ)の発電機2i(i=1,2,…)を備えている。電源システム1は、複数の発電機2iのそれぞれに接続される複数の交流配線部(交流BUS)3iを備えている。すなわち、一の発電機2iは、一の交流配線部3iに接続され、当該交流配線部3iに接続される負荷5に交流電力を供給する。
位相演算部70は、各交流配線部3iの位相目標値φrefを演算する。図3は、図2に示す位相演算部の概略構成を示すブロック図である。位相演算部70は、対応する発電機2iと交流配線部3iとの間の電圧位相差に応じて出力する位相目標値φrefの演算内容を切り替える。本実施の形態において、位相演算部70は、セレクタ70aと、演算部70bとを含んでいる。セレクタ70aは、選択指示信号SRが入力され、それに基づいて演算部70bに選択信号SSを送信する。これにより、セレクタ70aからの選択信号に応じて演算部70bにおける演算内容が切り替えられる。
電圧演算部71は、交流電圧計測器8で検出された各相の電圧の瞬時値va,vb,vcから次式により交流配線部電圧Vacを算出する。
電流演算部72は、各相の瞬時電流ia,ib,icおよび位相演算部71で演算された位相目標値φrefから次式により交流電流の回転座標系の各座標軸における電流(d軸電流Id、q軸電流Iq)を算出する。
有効電力目標値演算部77は、電圧演算部71で算出された交流配線部電圧Vacに基づいて有効電力目標値Pac_refを算出する。ここで、有効電力目標値演算部77は、対応する交流配線部3iに電力変換装置4iが出力する有効電力Pacに対する交流配線部電圧Vacの関係が所定の第2の垂下特性を有するように有効電力目標値Pac_refを算出する。
制御装置17iは、電力変換装置4iから対応する交流配線部3iに出力する交流電流の目標値を交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refとし、当該交流電流の位相φacを位相目標値φrefにあわせるような駆動信号を生成するよう構成される。このために、駆動信号生成部79には、交流配線部3iに出力する交流電流Id,Iq、位相目標値φrefおよび交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refが入力される。駆動信号生成部79は、交流配線部3iに出力する交流電流Id,Iqが交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refになるような駆動信号Soを求め、電力変換装置4iに出力する。具体的には、駆動信号生成部79は、下記式により交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refから交流電圧目標値Vd_ref,Vq_refを算出する。ここで、Kd,Kqは所定のゲインを表し、Tid,Tiqは、所定の時定数を表す。
上述した通り、発電機2iは、対応する交流配線部3iに各発電機2iが出力する有効電力に対する発電機出力電圧の関係が所定の第1の垂下特性を有するよう構成されている。一方、制御装置17iは、発電機2iに対応する交流配線部3iに各電力変換装置4iが出力する電力変換装置有効電力Pacに対する交流配線部電圧Vacの関係が所定の第2の垂下特性を有するように第1の制御要素の目標値(本実施の形態においては交流電圧目標値の瞬時値Va_ref,Vb_ref,Vc_ref)を決定する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について説明する。図7は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る電源システムの概略構成を示すブロック図である。実施の形態2において実施の形態1と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。実施の形態2における電源システム1Bが実施の形態1の電源システム1と異なる点は、複数の発電機の少なくとも1つ(発電機20;第2の発電機)は、対応する交流配線部31に発電機20が出力する発電機有効電力Pacに対する周波数facの関係が所定の第3の垂下特性を有するよう構成されていることである。第3の垂下特性を有する発電機20は、例えば、周波数一定制御によって動作する固定周波数発電機(CF発電機)である。
電圧・周波数・位相演算部710は、制御装置17iの電圧演算部71と同様に、交流電圧計測器8で検出された各相の電圧の瞬時値va,vb,vcから(5)式により交流配線部電圧Vacを算出する。また、電圧・周波数・位相演算部71は、公知のPLL(Phase Lock Loop)演算により、対応する交流配線部3iの周波数facおよび位相φacを算出する。また、電圧・周波数・位相演算部710は、各相の電圧の瞬時値va,vb,vcおよび位相φacから交流電圧の回転座標(dq座標)系の各座標軸における電圧(d軸電圧Vd、q軸電圧Vq)を算出する。演算式は、(6)式におけるφrefをφacに置き換えたものとなる。
電流演算部720は、各相の瞬時電流ia,ib,icおよび電圧・周波数・位相演算部710で演算された位相φacから交流電流の回転座標系の各座標軸における電流(d軸電流Id、q軸電流Iq)を算出する。演算式は、(7)式におけるφrefをφacに置き換えたものとなる。
有効・無効電力演算部730は、電圧・周波数・位相演算部710で算出された電圧Vd,Vqおよび電流演算部720で算出された電流Id,Iqから次式により対応する電力変換装置有効電力Pacおよび電力変換装置無効電力Qacを算出する。
有効電力目標値演算部770は、電圧・周波数・位相演算部710で算出された周波数facに基づいて有効電力目標値Pac_refを算出する。ここで、有効電力目標値演算部770は、対応する交流配線部31に電力変換装置41が出力する有効電力Pacに対する周波数facの関係が所定の第4の垂下特性を有するように有効電力目標値Pac_refを算出する。
本実施の形態において、制御装置170は、電力変換装置41に対応する交流配線部電圧Vacに対する電力変換装置無効電力Qacの関係が所定の第5の垂下特性を有するように無効電力Qacの目標値Qac_refを決定するよう構成されている。
制御装置170は、電力変換装置41から対応する交流配線部31に出力する交流電流の目標値を交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refとし、当該交流電流の位相φacとする駆動信号を生成するよう構成される。このために、駆動信号生成部790には、交流配線部3iに出力する交流電流Id,Iq、位相目標値φacおよび交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refが入力される。駆動信号生成部790は、交流配線部31に出力する交流電流Id,Iqが交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refになるような駆動信号Soを求め、電力変換装置41に出力する。具体的には、駆動信号生成部790は、下記式により交流電流目標値Id_ref,Iq_refから交流電圧目標値Vd_ref,Vq_refを算出する。ここで、Kd,Kqは所定のゲインを表し、Tid,Tiqは、所定の時定数を表す。
上記実施の形態の電源システムにおけるシミュレーション結果を以下に示す。図9は、実施の形態1における電源システムのシミュレーションのための構成例を示すブロック図である。図9において、図1と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。以下のケース1~4のシミュレーションでは、図9に示すように、4つの交流配線部(第1の交流配線部)31~34のそれぞれに1つのVF発電機(第1の発電機)21~24が接続されている電源システム1Sを用いている。4つの交流配線部31~34は、1つの直流配線部6を介して相互に接続されている。4つの発電機21~24は、2つの主エンジンE1,E2のそれぞれに2つずつ設けられる。すなわち、主エンジンE1の回転動力に基づいて発電機21,22が発電を行い、主エンジンE2の回転動力に基づいて発電機23,24が発電を行うように構成されている。各発電機21~24および各電力変換装置41~44の容量、定格電圧(線間電圧)はそれぞれ150kVA、400Vrmsである。
ケース1では、4つの交流配線部31~34にそれぞれ50%(75kW)の負荷がかかった状態を初期状態とし、交流配線部31の負荷が50%から100%(150kW)に変化した場合の動作をシミュレートした。図10から図12は、図9に示す電源システム1Sにおけるシミュレーション(ケース1)の結果を示すグラフである。
ケース2では、ケース1と同様の初期状態から、各交流配線部31~34の負荷5をステップ状に変化させた場合の動作をシミュレートした。図13から図16は、図9に示す電源システム1Sにおけるシミュレーション(ケース2)の結果を示すグラフである。
ケース3では、ケース1と同様の初期状態から、交流配線部31に接続されている発電機21が解列された(発電機21が停止した)場合の動作をシミュレートした。図17から図19は、図9に示す電源システム1Sにおけるシミュレーション(ケース3)の結果を示すグラフである。
ケース4では、ケース1と同様の初期状態から、交流配線部31の負荷が50%から100%(150kW)に変化し、その後、交流配線部31の発電機21が解列された場合の動作をシミュレートした。図20から図22は、図9に示す電源システム1Sにおけるシミュレーション(ケース4)の結果を示すグラフである。
図23は、実施の形態2における電源システムのシミュレーションのための構成例を示すブロック図である。図23において、図1および図9と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。以下のケース5では、図23に示すように、4つの交流配線部31~34のうちの2つの交流配線部(第2の交流配線部)32,33のそれぞれに固定周波数発電機(CF発電機、第2の発電機)20B,20Aが1つずつ接続され、残りの2つの交流配線部(第1の交流配線部)31,34のそれぞれに可変周波数発電機(VF発電機、第1の発電機)21,24が1つずつ接続されている電源システム1Tを用いている。4つの交流配線部31~34は、1つの直流配線部6を介して相互に接続されている。また、エンジンE1,E2ごとにCF発電機20B,20AおよびVF発電機21,24が1つずつ設けられる。すなわち、エンジンE1には、CF発電機20BおよびVF発電機21が設けられ、エンジンE2には、CF発電機20AおよびVF発電機24が設けられる。
以下、上記実施の形態における電源システム1,1Bの適用例についていくつか例示する。
図29は、実施の形態1における電源システムの航空機への適用例の他の1つを説明するブロック図である。なお、図29においては、各交流配線部31~36の制御装置171~176は図示を省略している。また、図29において、図28と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。図29における電源システム1Dは、適用例1と同様に、VF発電機21~24が交流配線部31~34に接続され、CF発電機25,26が交流配線部35,36に接続されている。ただし、本適用例においては、交流配線部31,33,35が接続される電力変換装置41,43,45の直流部に直流配線部61が接続されるとともに、交流配線部32,34,36が接続される電力変換装置42,44,46の直流部に直流配線部62が接続されている。
図30は、実施の形態1における電源システムの航空機への適用例の他の1つを説明するブロック図である。なお、図30において、図1と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。本適用例における電源システム1Eは、交流配線部3i(31,32)に負荷5が接続されるだけでなく、直流配線部6にも負荷(直流負荷)5Dが接続されている。
図31は、実施の形態1における電源システムの航空機への適用例の他の1つを説明するブロック図である。なお、図31において、図1と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。本適用例における電源システム1Fは、直流配線部6に蓄電設備13が接続されている。
図32は、実施の形態2における電源システムの航空機への適用例の1つを説明するブロック図である。なお、図32においては、各交流配線部31~36の制御装置171~176は図示を省略している。また、図32において、図23および図29と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。図32における電源システム1Gは、適用例1におけるVF発電機22,23の代わりにCF発電機(第2の発電機)20B,20Aが交流配線部(第2の交流配線部)32,33に接続されている。交流配線部32,33に接続される電力変換装置42,43は、実施の形態2で示したように、電力変換装置有効電力Pacに対する交流配線部32,33の周波数facの関係が所定の第4の垂下特性を有する第2の制御要素の目標値を用いて制御される。
以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々の改良、変更、修正が可能である。
2i(i=1,2,…) 発電機
3i 交流配線部
4i 電力変換装置
6,61,62 直流配線部
17i,170,170A,170B 制御装置
20,20A,20B 固定周波数発電機(CF発電機)
70 位相演算部
77 有効電力目標値演算部
Claims (7)
- 複数の発電機を備えた電源システムであって、
前記複数の発電機のそれぞれに接続される複数の交流配線部と、
前記複数の交流配線部のそれぞれに接続される複数の電力変換装置と、
前記複数の電力変換装置同士を接続する直流配線部と、
前記複数の電力変換装置に駆動信号を送信することにより対応する交流配線部と前記直流配線部との間の電力変換制御を行う制御装置と、を備え、
前記複数の発電機の少なくとも1つは、対応する第1の交流配線部に当該発電機が出力する発電機有効電力に対する発電機出力電圧の関係が所定の第1の垂下特性を有するよう構成された第1の発電機であり、
前記複数の電力変換装置のそれぞれは、各交流配線部を通じて入力される交流電力を直流電力に変換するとともに、前記直流配線部を通じて入力される直流電力を交流電力に変換するよう構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記第1の発電機に対応する第1の交流配線部に、前記電力変換装置が出力する電力変換装置有効電力に対する交流配線部電圧の関係が所定の第2の垂下特性を有するように第1の制御要素の目標値を決定し、前記第1の制御要素の目標値を前記直流配線部における直流電圧に応じて補正することにより、前記電力変換装置のための前記駆動信号を生成するよう構成される、電源システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第1の交流配線部の交流配線部電圧が入力され、所定の電圧指令値に対する前記交流配線部電圧の偏差に基づく値に、前記第2の垂下特性を示す係数を掛けた有効電力参照値を求める演算を含む有効電力目標値演算処理によって有効電力目標値を算出する有効電力目標値演算部を備えた、請求項1に記載の電源システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第1の発電機の発電機出力電圧と、当該第1の発電機に対応する前記第1の交流配線部における交流配線部電圧とが入力され、当該第1の発電機に対応する前記第1の交流配線部の位相目標値を演算する位相演算部を備え、
前記制御装置は、当該第1の交流配線部の交流電流が入力され、前記有効電力目標値および所定の無効電力指令値を用いて一対の交流電流目標値を生成し、前記第1の交流配線部に出力する交流電流の目標値を前記交流電流目標値とし、当該交流電流の位相を前記位相目標値にあわせるような駆動信号を生成するよう構成される、請求項2に記載の電源システム。 - 前記有効電力目標値演算部は、所定の直流電圧指令値に対する前記直流電圧の偏差に所定の補正係数を掛けた有効電力補正値を算出し、所定の有効電力指令値に、前記有効電力参照値および前記有効電力補正値を加えて前記有効電力目標値を算出するよう構成される、請求項2または3に記載の電源システム。
- 前記位相演算部は、前記第1の発電機が停止している場合、所定の値を前記位相目標値として出力し、前記第1の発電機と対応する前記第1の交流配線部とが解列している場合、対応する第1の発電機の発電機電圧を用いて前記位相目標値を演算し、前記第1の発電機と対応する前記第1の交流配線部とが連系接続している場合、前記第1の交流配線部における交流配線部電圧を用いて前記位相目標値を演算するよう構成される、請求項3に記載の電源システム。
- 前記第1の発電機は、回転機に接続され、当該回転機の回転速度に応じて発電電力の周波数が変化する可変周波数発電機を含む、請求項1から5の何れかに記載の電源システム。
- 前記複数の発電機の少なくとも1つは、対応する第2の交流配線部に当該発電機が出力する発電機有効電力に対する周波数の関係が所定の第3の垂下特性を有するよう構成された第2の発電機であり、
前記制御装置は、前記第2の発電機に対応する前記第2の交流配線部に、前記電力変換装置が出力する電力変換装置有効電力に対する周波数の関係が所定の第4の垂下特性を有するように第2の制御要素の目標値を決定し、前記第2の制御要素の目標値を前記直流配線部における直流電圧に応じて補正することにより、前記電力変換装置のための前記駆動信号を生成するよう構成される、請求項1から6の何れかに記載の電源システム。
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EP3700075A1 (en) | 2020-08-26 |
CN111247733A (zh) | 2020-06-05 |
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CA3076805C (en) | 2022-05-31 |
BR112020007535A2 (pt) | 2020-10-20 |
CA3076805A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
JP2019080373A (ja) | 2019-05-23 |
JP6894821B2 (ja) | 2021-06-30 |
US20210203258A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
CN111247733B (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
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