WO2019077756A1 - Flake-ice making device and flake-ice making method - Google Patents

Flake-ice making device and flake-ice making method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019077756A1
WO2019077756A1 PCT/JP2017/038088 JP2017038088W WO2019077756A1 WO 2019077756 A1 WO2019077756 A1 WO 2019077756A1 JP 2017038088 W JP2017038088 W JP 2017038088W WO 2019077756 A1 WO2019077756 A1 WO 2019077756A1
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Prior art keywords
ice
metal plate
flake
scraper
manufacturing apparatus
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Application number
PCT/JP2017/038088
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
美雄 廣兼
伊朗 井筒
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ブランテック株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2017/038088 priority Critical patent/WO2019077756A1/en
Publication of WO2019077756A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019077756A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
    • F25C1/14—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
    • F25C1/142—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes from the outer walls of cooled bodies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flake ice production apparatus and a flake ice production method.
  • Patent Document 1 a cylindrical body having a refrigerant flow passage on its inner surface, a shaft disposed and rotated on a central axis of the cylindrical body, and a plurality of sheets attached to the shaft at intervals in the axial direction
  • a sherbet ice making apparatus with a plate-like scraper is described.
  • the sherbet ice producing apparatus produces ice from raw water supplied to the refrigerant flow path, and the ice is scraped off by a rotating shaft to produce flake ice.
  • the sherbet ice manufacturing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 can manufacture uniform flake ice by setting the clearance between the cylinder and the plate-like scraper at a constant interval. To do so, the cylinder must be machined into a true circle. However, it is difficult to manufacture a true circular cylinder. In addition, since the cylindrical body is provided with an internal space to the extent that the plate-like scraper rotates, the sherbet ice manufacturing apparatus becomes larger.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a flake ice manufacturing apparatus and a flake ice manufacturing method that can be miniaturized and can be easily manufactured.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus is With the rotation axis, One or more metal plates internally having a refrigerant flow path, A nozzle for injecting brine toward one or both surfaces of the metal plate; A scraper fixed to the rotating shaft and rotating; Equipped with Brine sprayed from the nozzle toward the surface of the metal plate freezes on the surface of the metal plate and scrapes off the generated ice by the scraper rotating to produce flaked ice.
  • the metal plate may be made of copper or copper alloy.
  • rotation axis may be in a horizontal position, and the metal plate may be in a standing position.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus may further include a pipe in which a plurality of the nozzles are formed and which is disposed in proximity to the metal plate.
  • a plurality of areas divided in the rotation direction of the scraper are set in the metal plate, and the nozzle is a brine on the metal plate in the area where ice is scraped off by the scraper among the plurality of areas. Is controlled to inject
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus further includes a rod-like blade for fixing the scraper to the rotation shaft, the blade including the scraper on the surface on the rotation direction side, and the opposite side to the rotation direction side
  • the nozzle may be provided on the surface of the nozzle.
  • a plurality of the blades may be arranged at equal intervals.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus may include a positioner that brings the scraper close to the metal plate with a predetermined clearance.
  • the metal plate may be in the form of a disk having a groove on the outer peripheral surface, and the positioner may be a hook that is bridged between the groove of the metal plate and the tip of the scraper.
  • the positioner holds a tip end portion of the scraper and is a block body sliding on the metal plate, or a block fixed on the metal plate and having a groove portion for loosely fitting the tip end portion of the scraper It may be the body.
  • the surface of the metal plate opposite to the movement path of the scraper may be plated with wear resistant metal.
  • the method for producing flake ice is Spraying brine towards the surface of the metal plate being cooled; Freezing the brine attached to the surface of the metal plate to form ice; Scraping ice attached to the metal plate with a rotating scraper; including.
  • FIG. 1 It is a section front view showing a flake ice manufacturing device concerning one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown, and it is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown, and it is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to a line VIII-VIII in FIG. 4 of an embodiment of a blade provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Ice Ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, which satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b).
  • “flake ice” means the ice processed into flake shape.
  • the temperature at the completion of melting is 0 ° C. or less
  • the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice in the melting process is within 30%
  • the cooling capacity of the object to be cooled should be higher than the ice made of pure water.
  • the inventors have found that the ice produced by the prior art does not have a sufficient ability to cool the object to be cooled, such as the temperature of the ice rising rapidly with time during cooling.
  • the present inventors examined the reason for this. Even if ice was produced from an aqueous solution containing a solute such as sodium chloride in the prior art, in fact, ice containing no solute is first produced before the aqueous solution is frozen. As a result, a mixture of solute-free ice and solute is produced, or ice with a reduced freezing point is generated only in a very small amount, so ice with high cooling capacity is not produced. I found out.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, the temperature of the freezing point is lower than that of fresh water (water containing no solute) ing. Therefore, it has a feature that the temperature at the completion of melting is 0 ° C. or less.
  • the “temperature at the time of completion of melting” means that melting of ice is started by placing the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention in an environment above the melting point (eg room temperature, atmospheric pressure). It refers to the temperature of the water when the ice melts and becomes water.
  • the temperature at the completion of melting is not particularly limited as long as it is 0 ° C. or less, and can be appropriately changed by adjusting the type and concentration of the solute.
  • the temperature at the completion of melting is preferably lower in view of higher cooling ability, and specifically, it is -1 ° C or less (-2 ° C or less, -3 ° C or less, -4 ° C or less, -5 ° C) ° C or less, -6 ° C or less, -7 ° C or less, -8 ° C or less, -9 ° C or less, -10 ° C or less, -11 ° C or less, -12 ° C or less, -13 ° C or less, -14 ° C or less, -15 ° C Or lower, -16 ° C or lower, -17 ° C or lower, -18 ° C or lower, -19 ° C or lower, -20 ° C or lower).
  • the freezing point close to the freezing point of the object to be cooled (for example, to prevent damage to fresh animals and plants, etc.).
  • -21 ° C or higher (-20 ° C or higher, -19 ° C or higher, -18 ° C or higher, -17 ° C or higher, -16 ° C or higher, -15 ° C or higher, -14 ° C or higher, -13 ° C or higher,- 12 ° C or more, -11 ° C or more, -10 ° C or more, -9 ° C or more, -8 ° C or more, -7 ° C or more, -6 ° C or more, -5 ° C or more, -4 ° C or more, -3 ° C or more,-
  • the temperature is preferably 2 ° C. or more, ⁇ 1 ° C. or more, ⁇ 0.5 ° C. or more, and the like.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a rate of change of solute concentration of an aqueous solution generated from ice during melting (hereinafter referred to as “rate of change of solute concentration” May be within 30%).
  • rate of change of solute concentration May be within 30%.
  • the prior art may also produce ice with a slightly reduced freezing point, but most of it is a mixture of water ice without crystals and crystals of solute, so the cooling capacity is not sufficient.
  • the dissolution rate of the solute accompanying the melting is unstable when the ice is placed under melting conditions, and the time point near the start of melting
  • the solute elutes the less the solute elutes with the progress of melting, and the closer the melting is to completion, the less the solute elutes.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is composed of liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, it has a feature that the change in elution rate of the solute in the melting process is small.
  • the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice in the melting process is 30%.
  • the term "the rate of change of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice in the melting process” means the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous solution at the completion of the melting to the solute concentration in the aqueous solution generated at any time of the melting process.
  • the "solute concentration” means the concentration of mass of the solute in the aqueous solution.
  • the rate of change of the solute concentration in the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is within 30%, but the smaller the rate of change, the higher the ice purity of the aqueous solution whose freezing point is lowered. That is, it means that the cooling capacity is high.
  • the change rate of solute concentration is within 25% (within 24%, within 23%, within 22%, within 21%, within 20%, within 19%, within 18%, within 17%, 16%) , 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3 %, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, etc.) is preferable.
  • the change rate of solute concentration is 0.1% or more (0.5% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8 %, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, 20% or more Etc.).
  • solute The type of solute contained in ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solute when water is used as a solvent, and depending on the desired freezing point, use of ice used, etc. It can be selected appropriately.
  • the solute include solid solutes and liquid solutes, and representative solid solutes include salts (inorganic salts, organic salts and the like).
  • sodium chloride NaCl
  • examples of liquid solutes include ethylene glycol and the like. The solute may be contained singly or in combination of two or more.
  • the concentration of the solute contained in the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type of solute, the desired freezing point, the use of the ice used, and the like.
  • the concentration of sodium chloride is 0.5% (w / v) or more (1% (w / v) in that the freezing point of the aqueous solution can be lowered to obtain high cooling capacity.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is used for cooling fresh animals and plants or parts thereof, it is preferable not to excessively lower the freezing point temperature, and in this respect w / v) or less (20% (w / v) or less, 19% (w / v) or less, 18% (w / v) or less, 17% (w / v) or less, 16% (w / v) or less 15% (w / v) or less, 14% (w / v) or less, 13% (w / v) or less, 12% (w / v) or less, 11% (w / v) or less, 10% (w) / V) 9% (w / v) or less, 8% (w / v) or less, 7% (w / v) or less, 6% (w / v) or less, 5% (w / v) or less It is preferably 4% (w / v) or
  • the ice produced by the apparatus for producing flaked ice according to the present invention is excellent in the cooling ability, and thus is suitable for use as a refrigerant for cooling a material to be stored.
  • a refrigerant for cooling a substance to be stored in addition to ice, an organic solvent used as an antifreeze liquid such as ethanol may be mentioned. Ice has higher heat conductivity and higher specific heat than these antifreeze liquids. Therefore, the ice whose melting point is lowered by dissolving the solute such as ice generated by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention has a cooling ability superior to that of other refrigerants of 0 ° C. or less such as antifreeze liquid. Are also useful.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may or may not contain components other than the above-mentioned solutes.
  • ice refers to a frozen liquid containing an aqueous solution.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is in a stable state at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water, that is, the state in which it does not separate can be maintained for a long time. Therefore, for example, as described later, when the liquid constituting the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a liquid further containing an oil, in addition to the aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned solute, the oil is The uniform state lasts, that is, the non-separation state can last for a long time.
  • the liquid constituting the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be an oil-containing liquid in addition to the aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned solute.
  • Such liquids include raw milk, industrial wastes including water and oil (waste milk etc).
  • the functionality when eating the ice is improved.
  • the reason why the functionality improves is presumed to be because the oil (fat) contained in the raw milk is trapped in ice.
  • generated by the flake ice manufacturing apparatus of this invention may be comprised only from what frozen the aqueous solution containing said solute.
  • the ratio of water to oil in the liquid is not particularly limited, and, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1 (10 : 90 to 90: 10, 20: 80 to 80: 20, 30: 80 to 80:30, 40 to 60: 40 to 60, etc.).
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be ice of an aqueous solution containing two or more kinds of solutes having different degrees of freezing point depression.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be a mixture of ice of an aqueous solution containing one solute and ice of an aqueous solution containing the other solute.
  • the ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol is delayed by adding ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol and sodium chloride as a solute having a freezing point depression degree to the ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol as a solute. it can.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be ice of an aqueous solution in which two or more kinds of solutes are dissolved in the same aqueous solution.
  • the melting point of ice in saline can be lowered by using together a solute (ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.) capable of lowering the melting point more than sodium chloride.
  • a solute ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.
  • the ratio of two or more kinds of solutes having different degrees of freezing point depression can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention can be used as a refrigerant for cooling a material to be stored.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is excellent in cooling ability, it is suitable as a refrigerant for cooling a material to be cooled.
  • the refrigerant for cooling the object to be stored is referred to as “ice slurry” below. Call it An ice slurry is a mixture of ice produced by the flake ice production apparatus of the present invention and a liquid containing an aqueous solution.
  • the ice-containing ice slurry produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may contain other components of the above-mentioned ice, for example, by containing water in addition to the above-mentioned ice, a mixture of ice and water It may be configured by For example, in the case of further including water containing the same solute as the solute contained in ice, the concentration of the solute in ice and the concentration of the solute in water are preferably close to each other. The reason is as follows.
  • the solute concentration of ice When the solute concentration of ice is higher than the solute concentration of water, the temperature of the ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of water, so that the water freezes immediately after mixing the water of low solute concentration.
  • the solute concentration of ice when the solute concentration of ice is lower than the solute concentration of water, the ice is melted because the saturated freezing point of water is lower than the saturated freezing point of ice, and the temperature of the ice slurry composed of ice and water mixture decreases Do. That is, in order not to change the state of the mixture of ice and water (the state of ice slurry), it is preferable to make the solute concentration of the mixed ice and water approximately the same as described above.
  • the water when it is in the state of a mixture of ice and water, the water may be one formed by melting the above ice, or may be separately prepared, but one formed by melting the above ice. Is preferred.
  • the ratio of the concentration of solute in ice to the concentration of solute in water is 75: 25 to 20: 80 is more preferable, 70:30 to 30: 70 is more preferable, 60: 40 to 40: 60 is still more preferable, 55: 45 to 45: Even more preferably 55, 52:48 to 48:52 are particularly preferred, and 50:50 is most preferred.
  • the ratio of the concentration of the solute in ice to the concentration of the solute in water be in the above range.
  • Water used as a raw material of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when salt is used as a solute, it is seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or diluted water of seawater Is preferred. Sea water, water obtained by adding salt to sea water, or dilution water of sea water is easy to procure, which also enables cost reduction.
  • the ice-containing ice slurry produced by the flake ice production apparatus of the present invention may further contain a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the ice produced by the above-described flake ice production apparatus of the present invention, although it does not need to contain, it is preferable to contain.
  • a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the ice produced by the above-described flake ice production apparatus of the present invention Although it does not need to contain, it is preferable to contain.
  • it In the case of trying to cool the object to be cooled in a short time, it can be achieved by using a solid with high thermal conductivity, but in this case the solid itself loses cold energy in a short time and the temperature tends to rise. It is unsuitable for long-term cooling.
  • it is suitable for cooling for a long time not to use a solid having high thermal conductivity, but it is not suitable to cool an object to be cooled in a short time.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention has a high cooling capacity as described above, it is possible to cool for a long time while obtaining a short cooling capacity by a solid having a high thermal conductivity. It is useful in point.
  • solids having a thermal conductivity higher than that of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention include metals (aluminum, silver, copper, gold, duralumin, antimony, cadmium, zinc, tin, bismuth, tungsten, titanium, etc.
  • a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention has a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W / m K or more (3 W / m K or more, 5 W / m K or more, 8 W / m K It is preferable that it is a solid of m K or more, and it is more preferable that its thermal conductivity is a solid of 10 W / m K or more (20 W / m K or more, 30 W / m K or more, 40 W / m K or more) It is further preferable that the thermal conductivity is a solid of 50 W / m K or more (60 W / m K or more, 75 W / m K or more, 90 W / m K or more, etc.), and the thermal conductivity is 100 W / m K or more (125 W It is still more preferable that the solid is at least 100 m / m K, at least 150 W / m K, at
  • the ice slurry containing ice produced by the flake ice production apparatus of the present invention contains a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the above-described ice of the present invention, as described above, even if it contains many solids, it may last a long time Of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention included in a solid mass / ice slurry having a thermal conductivity higher than that of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention.
  • the mass (or the total mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the ice slurry and the liquid containing the aqueous solution) is 1 / 10,000 or more (1/50000 or more, 1 / 10,000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/1000 or more, 1 / 500 or more, 1/100 or more, 1/50 or more, 1/10 or more, 1/5 or more, 1/4 or more, 1/3 or more, 1/2 or more, etc.).
  • the solid contained in the ice-containing ice slurry produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be in any shape, but is preferably in the form of particles. Also, the solid may be contained in the form of the inside of the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention, or may be contained in the form of the outside of the ice, The ability to be in direct contact with the object to be cooled makes it easier to contact the object to be cooled, so that the ability to cool is higher. From this, it is preferable to be contained in the form contained outside the ice.
  • generated by the flake ice manufacturing apparatus of this invention contains the said solid, you may mix with the said solid, after producing
  • ice may be produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention in a state of being mixed in advance with water as a raw material.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view showing a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view showing an embodiment including a scraper provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view showing a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a positioner provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a VV sectional view of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the positioner provided in the flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment in a state where ice is scraped by a scraper provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 includes a rotating shaft 110, a metal plate 120, a nozzle 130, and a scraper 141.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 further includes a positioner 150, a cover 160, and a cooler 170 for a refrigerant.
  • the rotation shaft 110 includes a drive shaft 111 in a horizontal posture, and a motor (for example, an inverter motor) 112 fixed to one end of the drive shaft 111, and rotates at an arbitrary rotation speed.
  • a drive shaft 111 excluding one end of a drive shaft 111 to which the motor 112 and the motor 112 are fixed, a metal plate 120, a nozzle 130, and a scraper 141 are covered by a cover 160.
  • the lower surface side of the cover 160 is open and serves as a flake ice outlet 161.
  • the cover 160 is made of heat insulating FRP so that the inside of the cover 160 is not affected by the outside air. Below the flake ice outlet 161, a flake ice storage tank (not shown) is placed below the flake ice outlet 161.
  • the metal plate 120 is a flat plate whose both surfaces are ice-making surfaces. As shown in FIG. 2, a coolant channel 121 (having an inner diameter of, for example, 10 mm) is provided inside the metal plate 120. At a central portion of the metal plate 120, a through hole 122 through which a drive shaft 111 (hereinafter, described as a rotating shaft 110) passes is formed. A plurality of metal plates 120 (two in FIG. 1) are arranged in parallel to face each other in a standing posture. The metal plate 120 is fixed so as not to rotate even when the rotating shaft 110 rotates.
  • Y f (x1) (1)
  • the metal plate 120 As a member which comprises the metal plate 120, copper and a copper alloy with high heat conductivity are employ
  • the surface of the metal plate 120 is plated with a wear resistant metal, such as chromium.
  • the metal plate 120 may be a polygon, such as a square, as long as it is not limited to the disk shape (diameter is, for example, 40 cm) as described later.
  • the metal plate 120 is a plate-like body whose front and back surfaces are parallel (plate thickness is 25 mm, for example), and can be formed simply by cutting from a large metal plate, so it is easy to process.
  • the coolant channel 121 is provided so as to meander independently on the upper side and the lower side of the through hole 122, for example.
  • the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant channel 121 slightly rises in temperature as it flows from the upstream side to the downstream side.
  • the refrigerant flows in independent refrigerant channels 121 on the upper side and the lower side, so that the flow distance is made shorter than in the case where the flow distances are not independent.
  • the refrigerant uniformly cools the metal plate 120 without raising the temperature above the allowable range.
  • Each of the refrigerant channels 121 is connected to the cooler 170 by pipes 171 and 172.
  • the refrigerant cooled by the cooler 170 flows so as to circulate in one pipe 171 ⁇ the refrigerant channel 121 ⁇ the other pipe 172.
  • the refrigerant for example, fluorocarbon (HCFC 22) or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) having a boiling temperature of -60.degree. C. is used.
  • the nozzle 130 jets brine towards the surface of both of the metal plates 120 (left and right in the figure). As described in detail later, since the metal plate 120 is cooled by the flow of the refrigerant into the refrigerant flow path 121, the brine attached to the metal plate 120 is rapidly frozen and becomes ice (hybrid ice).
  • the nozzles 130 are formed in large numbers in the pipes 131 spaced a short distance from the metal plate 120. In the pipe 131 disposed between the two metal plates 120, nozzles 130 are formed in two directions so that brine can be injected toward the two metal plates 120.
  • the scraper 141 is formed with a blade for scraping off the ice attached to the metal plate 120.
  • the scraper 141 is provided on the surface of the rod-like blade 140 fixed to the rotation shaft 110 in the rotation direction.
  • the blade 140 rotates between the surface of the metal plate 120 and the pipe 131.
  • two blades 140 are linearly arranged in opposite directions.
  • the scraper 141 is shaped so as not to be bent by an annular ring 142 whose diameter is the length of the linearly arranged blade 140.
  • the scraper 141 and the ring 142 are collectively referred to as a wiper (not numbered).
  • FIG. 4 is a front view showing a modified example of the blade 140. As shown in FIG. Three blades 140 shown in FIG. 4 are arranged at equal intervals of 120 ° from the center. Although not shown, a plurality of blades 140 may be arranged at equal intervals, such as four arranged at equal intervals of 90 °.
  • the scraper 141 is in the shape of a corrugated rod in which the pointed portions 141a and the concaved portions 141b are alternately formed. It is made easy to scrape ice by making point 141a interrupt ice and flow ice to concave part 141b.
  • the scraper 141 shown in FIG. 1 is not drawn in a wave shape, it is of course preferable that the scraper 141 is formed in a wave shape.
  • the scraper 141 should not come in contact with the metal plate 120.
  • the scraper 141 is separated from the metal plate 120 with, for example, a clearance of about 0.2 mm.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 is provided with a positioner 150 so as to maintain this clearance.
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the positioner 150 and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the positioner 150.
  • the positioner 150 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is configured by a block body 151. A plurality of block bodies 151 (four in the drawing) are provided. Each block 151 holds the ring 142 and slides on the metal plate 120. The positioner 150 circularly moves on the metal plate 120 integrally with the ring 142. Although not shown, it is preferable that the positioner 150 be provided with a ball or the like on the lower surface that hits the metal plate 120 to reduce the frictional force.
  • the block body 151 may be fixed to the metal plate 120 instead of sliding on the metal plate 120.
  • the groove 151a is formed in the block 151, and the outer peripheral edge of the ring 142 is loosely fitted in the groove 151a.
  • the positioner 150 shown in FIG. 6 is constituted by a hook 152 which is, for example, U-shaped.
  • the metal plate 120 is disc-shaped, and a groove 123 is formed on the outer peripheral surface.
  • One end of the hook 152 is fixed to the wiper.
  • the middle part of the hook 152 is folded back.
  • the other end of the hook 152 is loosely fitted in the groove 123 of the metal plate 120.
  • the metal plate 120 in the standing posture is cooled.
  • the metal plate 120 is also made of copper or a copper alloy having a high thermal conductivity, so that the metal plate 120 is also cooled to -60.degree. Since the metal plate 120 is covered by the cover 160, it maintains ⁇ 60 ° C. without being affected by the outside air.
  • brine is supplied into the pipe 131 and jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the ice making surface which is the surface of the metal plate 120.
  • the freezing point of saline solution (saturated state) is -21 ° C
  • the freezing point of magnesium chloride aqueous solution (saturated state) is -26.7 ° C. Therefore, when saline or aqueous magnesium solution is used as the brine, when the brine adheres to the metal plate 120, it is flash frozen and a film of ice (hybrid ice) is formed on the surface of the metal plate 120.
  • the metal plate 120 is covered by the cover 160, and is not affected by the outside air, so it remains cooled.
  • the scraper 141 When the scraper 141 is of two types shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as shown in FIG. 3, when the metal plate 120 is regarded as a coordinate plane, the first quadrant is a first area A, a second The quadrant is referred to as a second region B, the third quadrant is referred to as a third region C, and the fourth quadrant is referred to as a fourth region D.
  • brine is instantaneously jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the metal plate 120 in the first area A and the third area C immediately before the scraper 141 assumes the vertical posture as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the scraper 141 rotates in one direction (clockwise in the drawing) to enter the first area A and the third area C, and the ice Scrape
  • brine is instantaneously jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the metal plate 120 in the second area B and the fourth area D. Be done.
  • the scraper 141 rotates in one direction (clockwise in the drawing) and enters the second area B and the fourth area D to Scrape.
  • the scraper 141 rotates continuously in one direction, and brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 in the regions A, B, C, and D from which the ice generated on the metal plate 120 is scraped off, and instantaneously frozen and generated.
  • the operation of scraping off the collected ice by the scraper 141 is repeated.
  • the scraper 141 may be stopped each time it rotates 90 degrees.
  • the scraper 141 When the scraper 141 is of the three type shown in FIG. 4, six unassigned areas are provided. Even with the three scrapers 141, the stop and rotation are repeated similarly to the two scrapers 141, and the scrapers 141 scrape off the ice formed on the metal plate.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment in which the scraper 141 scrapes ice.
  • the scraper 141 scrapes off the ice generated on the surface of the metal plate 120 in the standing posture to produce flake ice.
  • the scraper 141 is spaced apart from the surface of the metal plate 120 with uniform clearance by the positioner 150 so that uniform flake ice is produced.
  • the scraper 141 does not rub the surface of the metal plate 120, the surface of the metal plate 120 is not damaged. Even if the scraper 141 scrapes the ice too much, the surface of the metal plate 120 is plated with wear resistant metal, so the surface of the metal plate 120 is not damaged.
  • flake ice generated by scraping off the metal plate 120 by the scraper 141 falls downward from the flake ice outlet 161 on the lower surface side of the cover 160 and is stored in the flake ice storage tank.
  • brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 onto the metal plate 120 in the standing posture in a cooled posture, and an ice film is formed on the surface of the metal plate 120 with a uniform thickness.
  • the scraper 141 rotates and repeats the action of scraping the ice, whereby flake ice is accumulated in the flake ice storage tank one after another.
  • the pipe 131 is provided with the nozzle 130 for injecting brine onto the surface of the metal plate 120, but a blade 140 as shown in FIG. 8 may be provided.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to line VIII-VIII in FIG.
  • the blade 140 has the scraper 141 on the front side (the side not visible in FIG. 8) in the traveling direction, and the nozzle 130 on the rear side (the side visible in FIG. 8) in the opposite direction.
  • brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the surface of the metal plate 120, and the brine is flash-frozen on the surface of the metal plate 120 to generate ice, and then the scraper 141 rotates. The ice frozen by the scraper 141 is scraped off.
  • the nozzle 130 is provided to track the scraper 141. After the scraper 141 scrapes the ice, brine is instantaneously jetted from the nozzle 130. It is instantaneously frozen until the next scraper 141 rotates, and an ice film is generated. However, instead of tracking the scraper 141, the nozzle 130 may be rotated prior to the scraper 141 so that the brine is jetted rearward of the scraper 141.
  • the number of scrapers 141 is two or three, but may be one.
  • the second area B and the third area C may be respectively divided in the lateral direction.
  • brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 in each area every 90 ° rotation of the scraper 141, and after the brine is flash-frozen to generate ice, the scraper 141 scrapes the ice.
  • the positioner 150 is the block body 151 or the hooking tool 152.
  • an annular ridge (not shown) may be provided on the metal plate 120 so that the tip of the scraper 141 contacts. .
  • the positioner 150 is not necessary.
  • the through holes 122 are formed in the metal plate 120.
  • the through holes 122 may be not the through holes 122, but the through holes 122 may be cut.
  • a plurality of metal plates 120 are provided, it may be one.
  • One metal plate 120 may be in a horizontal posture, and brine may be jetted from the nozzle 130 to the lower surface of the metal plate 120 facing the inside of the flake ice storage tank so that the scraper 141 rotates to drop ice under its own weight.
  • the metal plate 120 is plated with wear-resistant metal, it may be plated within the range in which the scraper 141 rotates.
  • the layout of the refrigerant flow path 121 and the pipe 131 in the above-described embodiment is merely an example, and the layout can be arbitrarily changed.
  • salt water sodium chloride aqueous solution
  • it is not specifically limited.
  • an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, ethylene glycol and the like can be employed. This makes it possible to prepare multiple types of brine having different freezing points depending on the difference in solute or concentration.
  • the object to be cooled In the step of cooling, cooling is performed such that a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the ice generated by the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 of the present invention is interposed between the ice contained in the ice slurry and the object to be cooled. Is preferred. As a result, it is possible to cool the object to be cooled for a long time while obtaining a short-time cooling capacity by a solid having a high thermal conductivity.
  • ice a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than ice, or another one may be interposed between the object to be cooled and the object to be cooled.
  • the ice slurry be in direct contact with the object to be cooled (for example, solid in which the thermal conductivity is higher than that of ice (a metal such as copper, etc.).
  • the bag may contain either the ice slurry or the object to be cooled, and the ice slurry may be cooled without direct contact with the object to be cooled.
  • the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus 101 can be used, for example, in the following applications as well as cooling the object to be cooled. That is, it can be used also for freezing industrial waste liquid, freezing manure and liquefying gas, and the like.
  • the metal plate 120 is not particularly limited as long as it can be maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution, for example.
  • the temperature of the metal plate 120 is not particularly limited as long as it is maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution, but it is an aqueous solution in that ice having high purity of ice satisfying the above conditions (a) and (b) can be produced.
  • the members constituting the metal plate 120 have different thermal conductivities. Therefore, the ice making speed differs depending on which member is used for the ice making surface. Specifically, for example, the thermal conductivity (W / m ⁇ K) of stainless steel is 16 when the temperature is 20 ° C. The thermal conductivity (W / m ⁇ K) of pure iron is 67 at a temperature of 20 ° C., which is higher than that of stainless steel. In addition, the thermal conductivity (W / m ⁇ K) of copper (normal product) is 372 at a temperature of 20 ° C., which is higher than that of pure iron.
  • the thermal conductivity (W / m ⁇ K) of silver is 418 when the temperature is 20 ° C., which is further higher than copper (ordinary goods). That is, the thermal conductivity of the member of the ice-making surface illustrated in FIG. 2 is high in the order of silver> copper (normal product)> pure iron> stainless steel under the same temperature condition. For this reason, the ice making speed also increases in the order of silver> copper (normal product)> pure iron> stainless steel.
  • the ice making speed can be increased by changing the metal plate 120 from copper to silver.
  • the ice making speed can be reduced by changing the metal plate 120 from copper to pure iron or stainless steel.
  • the flake ice producing apparatus 101 can adjust the ice making speed by arbitrarily changing the members constituting the metal plate 120.
  • a member having a high thermal conductivity such as silver or copper
  • a very low temperature refrigerant may be selected as a refrigerant for cooling the metal plate 120.
  • the enormous amount of cold energy supplied from the ultra low temperature refrigerant is efficiently transmitted to the brine by the member having a high thermal conductivity, so that more efficient ice can be realized.
  • the method of injection is not particularly limited, for example, injection can be performed by injection from an injection means provided with injection holes 13a like a nozzle 130 described later.
  • the water pressure at the time of injection is, for example, 0.001 MPa or more (0.002 MPa or more, 0.005 MPa or more, 0.01 MPa or more, 0.05 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, etc.) 1 MPa or less (0.8 MPa or less, 0.7 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.5 MPa or less, 0.3 MPa or less, 0.1 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, etc.) It may be.
  • the melting completion temperature is considered to be affected not only by the type and concentration of solute but also by the heat of ice making. Therefore, the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat of ice making heat remaining on ice.
  • the heat of ice making can be adjusted by adjusting the holding time of the ice on the wall in the process of collecting the ice.
  • a member having a thermal conductivity higher than that of stainless steel or iron is employed as a member constituting the metal plate 120, and more specifically, a member having a thermal conductivity of 70 W / mK or more at 20 ° C.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 can generate a large amount of ice in a short time as compared with the case where stainless steel or iron is adopted as a member constituting the metal plate 120.
  • the metal plate 120 is constituted by a member having high thermal conductivity. Since the production speed of ice is increased, it is not necessary to widen the metal plate 120, and as a result, it is possible to produce ice in a relatively narrow space.
  • a member having high thermal conductivity and more specifically, a member having a thermal conductivity of 100 W / mK or more at 20 ° C., more preferably 20 ° C.
  • Members with a thermal conductivity of 150 W / mK or more are more preferable, members with a thermal conductivity of 200 W / mK or more at 20 ° C are more preferable, and members with a thermal conductivity of 250 W / mK or more at 20 ° C are even more preferable
  • a member having a thermal conductivity of 300 W / mK or more at 20 ° C. is particularly preferable.
  • the upper limit of the thermal conductivity is not particularly limited, but for example, the thermal conductivity at 20 ° C.
  • the metal plate 120 is 1000 W / mK or less (900 W / mK or less, 800 W / mK or less, 700 W / mK or less, 600 W / mK or less, 500 W / mK or less, It may be 400 W / mK or less.
  • Specific examples of the members constituting the metal plate 120 include zinc, aluminum, germalmin, gold, silver, tungsten, copper, aluminum bronze, hepta brass, naval brass, nickel (99.9%), molybdenum, palladium, silicon Etc.
  • the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is suitable for production in a relatively narrow space, as described above, for example, a limited space such as the inside of a transport device (for example, a vehicle (truck, etc.), ship) It is suitable for manufacturing in places where there is only one.
  • a transport device for example, a vehicle (truck, etc.), ship
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas / Liquefied Natural Gas
  • HCFC 22 Freon
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbon
  • the exhaust cold heat of LNG When the exhaust cold heat of LNG is used for the above-mentioned application, it has the following merits compared with the conventional cooling method by electric power or an engine drive. That is, (1) the required power can be reduced, (2) the cold energy of underutilized LNG can be effectively used, (3) a large generator becomes unnecessary, and (4) the pollution factor is low. And (5) it has merits such as cost reduction.
  • the above-described disadvantages disappear. That is, by using LNG as a refrigerant of the flake ice producing apparatus 101, ultra-low temperature flake ice can be produced. For this reason, if the manufactured flake ice is transported to a remote place, it is possible to utilize the exhaust cold heat of LNG batchwise without transporting the LNG itself to a remote place.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 does not have to be fixed at a specific place, and can be mounted on a moving object such as a vehicle, a ship, or an aircraft, and therefore has mobility. Furthermore, due to the presence of the intermediate refrigerant flake ice, there is no risk of direct heat exchange between the LNG and the object to be cooled.
  • flake ice in which brine having a freezing point up to about -150 ° C is instantaneously frozen. That is, flake ice can be produced at -21.2 ° C. in the saturated state when the brine is brine (aqueous sodium chloride solution), and at -26.27 ° C. in the saturated state if the aqueous solution is magnesium chloride.
  • the freezing point is lower than that of glycol salt water and magnesium chloride aqueous solution, and substances which can not be used as brine as "antifreeze" can be used as flake ice by quick freezing. Specifically, for example, flake ice in which ethylene glycol is a brine can also be produced.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 can not only supply cold energy as a substitute for a conventional refrigerator, but also can utilize the cold energy of LNG to enhance energy efficiency. That is, it is also possible to construct a cogeneration system.
  • the flake ice producing apparatus 101 can produce a large amount of ice up to about -150 ° C. in a short time.
  • the solute concentration of the salt water which is the raw material of the ice slurry, is set much higher than before.
  • the theoretical saturation freezing point of the brine having a solute concentration of 13.6% is -9.8 ° C
  • the theoretical saturation freezing point of the brine having a solute concentration of 23.1% is -21.2 ° C.
  • the solute concentration of the salt water is less than 13.6%
  • the freezing rate of fresh seafood by the manufactured ice slurry is slow.
  • the solute concentration of the brine exceeds 23.1%, the salt content precipitates as crystals, and the saturated freezing point of the brine rises.
  • the surface of the fresh seafood is instantly frozen and frozen even if the solute concentration of the ice slurry is high, and therefore salt does not penetrate into the fresh seafood.
  • the solute concentrations of flake ice and brine mixed to produce an ice slurry be approximately the same (difference in concentration within a few percent). If the concentration of solute in flake ice is higher than the concentration of solute in brine, the temperature of flake ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of the brine, so water freezes immediately after mixing brine with a low solute concentration. On the other hand, when the concentration of solute in flake ice is lower than the concentration of solute in brine, flake ice melts and the temperature of the ice slurry decreases because the saturation freezing point of brine is lower than the saturation freezing point of flake ice. Therefore, in order to keep the state of the ice slurry from fluctuating, it is desirable to make the solute concentrations of the mixed flake ice and the salt water the same.
  • a clearance gap will generate
  • the mass ratio of ice is less than 20% by mass, it becomes difficult to instantaneously freeze fresh seafood by the manufactured ice slurry.
  • An ice slurry is prepared by mixing with -23.1% brine.
  • the temperature of the manufactured ice slurry is ⁇ 9.8 ° C. to ⁇ 21.2 ° C.
  • the temperature of the brine mixed with the flake ice produced is at normal temperature or below. The lower the temperature of the salt water, the higher the ice making efficiency.
  • the concentration of brine and the mass ratio of flake ice to brine to be mixed are adjusted so that the temperature of the ice slurry to be produced becomes the required temperature.
  • concentration of brine and the mass ratio of flake ice to brine to be mixed it is possible to produce ice slurries of different temperatures.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied is sufficient as long as it has the following configuration, and various various embodiments can be taken.
  • the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied is A rotating shaft 110, One or a plurality of metal plates 120 having a coolant channel 121 therein; A nozzle 130 for injecting brine toward one or both surfaces of the metal plate 120; A scraper 141 fixed to the rotating shaft 110 and rotating; Equipped with The brine jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the surface of the metal plate 120 is frozen on the surface of the metal plate 120 and scraped off by the scraper 141 rotating the generated ice to produce flaked ice.
  • the metal plate 120 can be easily manufactured, and scraped off by the scraper 141 the ice generated by freezing the brine jetted from the nozzle 130 on the metal plate 120. And flake ice can be easily manufactured.
  • the metal plate is made of copper or copper alloy. According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the metal plate 120 which satisfy
  • the rotation shaft 110 is in a horizontal position, and the metal plate 120 is in a standing position.
  • the flake ice scraped off the metal plate 120 can be dropped by its own weight.
  • a plurality of the nozzles 130 are further provided, and the nozzle 130 further includes a pipe 131 disposed in proximity to the metal plate 120. According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, brine can be instantaneously sprayed from the large number of nozzles 130 formed in the pipe 131 onto the surface of the metal plate 120 to produce thin ice.
  • a plurality of areas A, B, C, and D divided in the rotational direction of the scraper 141 are set in the metal plate 120, and the nozzle 130 is configured of the plurality of areas A, B, C, and D.
  • the scraper 141 is controlled to spray brine on the metal plate 120 in the area where the ice is scraped off.
  • brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 to the metal plate 120 for each of the divided areas A, B, C, D, and the ice generated on the metal plate 120 is scraped by the scraper 141. Can be taken.
  • a rod-like blade 140 for fixing the scraper 141 to the rotation shaft The blade 140 has the scraper 141 on the surface in the rotational direction, and the nozzle 130 on the surface on the opposite side to the rotational direction.
  • the rod-like blade 140 is provided with the scraper 141 on the front surface and the nozzle 130 on the rear surface, whereby the brine jetted from the nozzle 130 freezes on the surface of the metal plate 120, and the ice Once generated, the ice can be scraped off by the scraper 141.
  • a plurality of the blades 140 are arranged at equal intervals. According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, uniform flake ice can be manufactured by arranging a plurality of blades 140 at equal intervals.
  • the positioner 150 brings the scraper 141 into close proximity to the metal plate 120 with a predetermined clearance.
  • the scraper 141 maintains a predetermined clearance on the surface of the metal plate 120, whereby the thickness of the generated ice can be made uniform, and uniform flake ice can be manufactured.
  • the metal plate 120 has a disk shape having a groove 123 on the outer peripheral surface
  • the positioner 150 is a hook 152 which is bridged between the groove 123 of the metal plate 120 and the tip of the scraper 141. According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, one end of the hook 152 moves within the groove 123 of the metal plate 120, and the scraper 141 held by the other end of the hook 152 contacts the metal plate 120. Move with the specified clearance.
  • the positioner 150 holds the tip of the scraper 141 and is fixed on the block 151 sliding on the metal plate 120 or on the metal plate 120, and loosely fits the tip of the scraper 141.
  • It is a block body 151 having a groove 151a.
  • the block body 151 can be like a spacer, and the scraper 141 can maintain a predetermined clearance with respect to the metal plate 120.
  • the surface of the metal plate 120 opposite to the movement locus of the scraper 141 is plated with wear resistant metal. According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the wear resistant metal protects the surface of the metal plate 120, and the life of the metal plate 120 can be extended.
  • the method for producing flaked ice according to the present invention is Injecting brine towards the surface of the metal plate 120 being cooled; Freezing the brine attached to the surface of the metal plate 120 to generate ice; Scraping off the ice attached to the metal plate 120 by a rotating scraper 141; Including.
  • flake ice can be efficiently produced by a miniaturized flake ice producing apparatus which can be easily produced.
  • 101 flake ice manufacturing apparatus, 110: rotating shaft, 120: metal plate, 121: refrigerant channel, 130: nozzle, 131: pipe, 140: wiper, 141: scraper, 150: positioner, 151a: groove, A: first 1 area, B: second area, C: third area, D: fourth area

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Confectionery (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a flake-ice making device that has an ice making surface with excellent thermal conductivity and a flake-ice making method for making flake ice from ice generated from an ice making surface with excellent thermal conductivity. A flake-ice making device 101 is provided with: a rotary shaft 110; one or a plurality of metal plates 120 that have refrigerant flow paths 121 therein; nozzles 130 that spray brine toward one or both surfaces of each metal plate 120; and scrapers 141 that are fixed to the rotary shaft 110 and that are rotated. Ice generated when the brine sprayed from the nozzles 130 toward the surface of each metal plate 120 freezes on the surface of each metal plate 120 is scraped by the scrapers 141, thus making flake ice. Each metal plate 120 is made of copper or copper alloy.

Description

フレークアイス製造装置、フレークアイス製造方法Flake ice manufacturing apparatus, flake ice manufacturing method
　本発明は、フレークアイス製造装置、フレークアイス製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a flake ice production apparatus and a flake ice production method.
　食品等の鮮度を保持したり、蓄冷剤を冷却したりするために、氷を薄片状に加工したフレークアイスが使用されている。従来より、フレークアイスを製造するための装置が種々提案されている。 DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART In order to maintain freshness, such as foodstuffs, or cool a cool storage agent, the flake ice which processed ice in the shape of flakes is used. Conventionally, various devices for producing flaked ice have been proposed.
　例えば、特許文献１には、内面に冷媒流路を設ける円筒体と、この円筒体の中心軸に配置されて回転するシャフトと、このシャフトに軸方向に間隔を空けて取り付けられた複数枚の板状のスクレーパとを備えたシャーベット氷製造装置が記載されている。このシャーベット氷製造装置は、冷媒流路に供給された原水から氷を生成し、この氷が回転するシャフトに掻き取られることで、フレークアイスを製造する。 For example, in Patent Document 1, a cylindrical body having a refrigerant flow passage on its inner surface, a shaft disposed and rotated on a central axis of the cylindrical body, and a plurality of sheets attached to the shaft at intervals in the axial direction A sherbet ice making apparatus with a plate-like scraper is described. The sherbet ice producing apparatus produces ice from raw water supplied to the refrigerant flow path, and the ice is scraped off by a rotating shaft to produce flake ice.
登録実用新案第３２０８２９６号公報Registered Utility Model No. 3208296
　特許文献１に開示されたシャーベット氷製造装置は、円筒体と板状のスクレーパとの間のクリアランスが一定間隔とされることで、均一なフレークアイスを製造することができる。そのためには、円筒体は真円に加工されていなければならない。しかし、真円の円筒体を製造することは、困難である。しかも、円筒体は、板状のスクレーパが回転するほどの内部空間を設けていることから、シャーベット氷製造装置が大型化する。 The sherbet ice manufacturing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 can manufacture uniform flake ice by setting the clearance between the cylinder and the plate-like scraper at a constant interval. To do so, the cylinder must be machined into a true circle. However, it is difficult to manufacture a true circular cylinder. In addition, since the cylindrical body is provided with an internal space to the extent that the plate-like scraper rotates, the sherbet ice manufacturing apparatus becomes larger.
　本発明は、小型化が可能であり、容易に製造することができる構造のフレークアイス製造装置及びフレークアイス製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a flake ice manufacturing apparatus and a flake ice manufacturing method that can be miniaturized and can be easily manufactured.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明の一態様のフレークアイス製造装置は、
　回転軸と、
　冷媒流路を内部に有する１枚又は複数枚の金属プレートと、
　前記金属プレートの一方又は両方の表面に向けてブラインを噴射するノズルと、
　前記回転軸に固定されて回転するスクレーパと、
　を備え、
　前記ノズルから前記金属プレートの表面に向けて噴射されたブラインが前記金属プレートの表面で凍結して生成された氷を回転する前記スクレーパによって掻き取ってフレークアイスを製造する。 In order to achieve the above object, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is
With the rotation axis,
One or more metal plates internally having a refrigerant flow path,
A nozzle for injecting brine toward one or both surfaces of the metal plate;
A scraper fixed to the rotating shaft and rotating;
Equipped with
Brine sprayed from the nozzle toward the surface of the metal plate freezes on the surface of the metal plate and scrapes off the generated ice by the scraper rotating to produce flaked ice.
　また、前記金属プレートは、単位時間当たりの前記氷の生成量を示す製氷速度をＹとし、前記金属プレートの熱伝導率をｘ１としたときに、次式（１）が成り立つように設計されている。
　Ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ１）　・・・（１） Further, the metal plate is designed so that the following equation (1) is satisfied, where Y is an ice making speed indicating the amount of ice generated per unit time, and the thermal conductivity of the metal plate is x1. There is.
Y = f (x1) (1)
　また、前記金属プレートは、銅製又は銅合金製であってよい。 Also, the metal plate may be made of copper or copper alloy.
　また、前記回転軸は、水平姿勢であり、前記金属プレートは、起立姿勢であってよい。 Further, the rotation axis may be in a horizontal position, and the metal plate may be in a standing position.
　また、本発明の一態様のフレークアイス製造装置は、前記ノズルが複数形成され、前記金属プレートに近接して配置されたパイプをさらに備えてよい。 Moreover, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention may further include a pipe in which a plurality of the nozzles are formed and which is disposed in proximity to the metal plate.
　また、前記金属プレートには、前記スクレーパの回転方向に分割された複数の領域が設定され、前記ノズルは、前記複数の領域のうち、前記スクレーパによって氷が掻き取られた領域の金属プレートにブラインを噴射するように制御される。 In addition, a plurality of areas divided in the rotation direction of the scraper are set in the metal plate, and the nozzle is a brine on the metal plate in the area where ice is scraped off by the scraper among the plurality of areas. Is controlled to inject
　また、本発明の一態様のフレークアイス製造装置は、前記スクレーパを前記回転軸に固定する棒状のブレードを備え、前記ブレードは、回転方向側の面に前記スクレーパを備え、回転方向側と反対側の面に前記ノズルを備えてよい。 The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention further includes a rod-like blade for fixing the scraper to the rotation shaft, the blade including the scraper on the surface on the rotation direction side, and the opposite side to the rotation direction side The nozzle may be provided on the surface of the nozzle.
　また、前記ブレードは、等間隔に複数配置されていてよい。 Further, a plurality of the blades may be arranged at equal intervals.
　また、本発明の一態様のフレークアイス製造装置は、所定のクリアランスをもって前記スクレーパを前記金属プレートに近接させるポジショナを備えていてよい。 Moreover, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention may include a positioner that brings the scraper close to the metal plate with a predetermined clearance.
　また、前記金属プレートは、外周面に溝部を有する円盤状であり、前記ポジショナは、前記金属プレートの溝部と前記スクレーパの先端部とに架け渡される掛止具であってよい。 The metal plate may be in the form of a disk having a groove on the outer peripheral surface, and the positioner may be a hook that is bridged between the groove of the metal plate and the tip of the scraper.
　また、前記ポジショナは、前記スクレーパの先端部を保持し、かつ、前記金属プレート上を摺動するブロック体、又は前記金属プレート上に固定され、前記スクレーパの先端部を遊嵌する溝部を有するブロック体であってよい。 Further, the positioner holds a tip end portion of the scraper and is a block body sliding on the metal plate, or a block fixed on the metal plate and having a groove portion for loosely fitting the tip end portion of the scraper It may be the body.
　フレークアイス製造装置は、前記スクレーパの移動軌跡に相対する前記金属プレートの表面は、耐摩耗性の金属によってメッキされていてよい。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus, the surface of the metal plate opposite to the movement path of the scraper may be plated with wear resistant metal.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明の一態様のフレークアイス製造方法は、
　冷却されている金属プレートの表面に向けてブラインを噴射する工程と、
　前記金属プレートの表面に付着したブラインを凍結させて氷を生成する工程と、
　前記金属プレートに付着した氷を回転するスクレーパによって掻き取る工程と、
　を含む。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing flake ice according to one aspect of the present invention is
Spraying brine towards the surface of the metal plate being cooled;
Freezing the brine attached to the surface of the metal plate to form ice;
Scraping ice attached to the metal plate with a rotating scraper;
including.
　本発明によれば、型化が可能であり、容易に製造することができる構造のフレークアイス製造装置及びフレークアイス製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a device for producing flake ice and a method for producing flake ice which can be molded and can be easily produced.
本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置を示す断面正面図である。It is a section front view showing a flake ice manufacturing device concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置を示し、図１のＩI－ＩＩ線断面図である。The flake ice manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown, and it is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置を示し、図１のＩＩＩ－ＩＩＩ線断面図である。The flake ice manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown, and it is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたスクレーパを含む一実施形態を示す正面図である。It is a front view showing one embodiment containing the scraper with which the flake ice manufacturing device concerning one embodiment of the present invention was equipped. 本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたポジショナの一実施形態であって、図４のＶ－Ｖ断面図である。It is one Embodiment of the positioner with which the flake ice manufacturing apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention was equipped, Comprising: It is VV sectional drawing of FIG. 本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたポジショナの他実施形態を示す要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of the positioner with which the flake ice manufacturing apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention was equipped. 本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたスクレーパによって氷を掻き取っている状態の一実施形態を示す要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the state which is scraping off ice by the scraper with which the flake ice manufacturing apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention was equipped. 本発明の他実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたブレードの一実施形態であって、図４のＶＩＩＩ－ＶＩＩＩ線に相当する断面図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to a line VIII-VIII in FIG. 4 of an embodiment of a blade provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
　＜氷＞
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、以下の（ａ）及び（ｂ）の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷である。なお、「フレークアイス」とは、薄片状に加工された氷のことをいう。
　（ａ）融解完了時の温度が０℃以下である
　（ｂ）融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が３０％以内である Ice
Ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, which satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b). In addition, "flake ice" means the ice processed into flake shape.
(A) the temperature at the completion of melting is 0 ° C. or less (b) the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice in the melting process is within 30%
　水に溶質を融解した場合、その水溶液の凝固点が低下するという凝固点降下が生じることが知られている。凝固点降下の作用により、食塩等の溶質が融解した水溶液は、その凝固点が低下している。つまり、そのような水溶液からなる氷は、真水からなる氷より低い温度で凝固した氷である。
　ここで、氷が水に変化するときに必要な熱を「潜熱」というが、この潜熱は温度変化を伴わない。このような潜熱の効果により、上記のような凝固点が低下した氷は、融解時に真水の凝固点以下の温度で安定な状態が続くため、冷熱エネルギーを蓄えた状態が持続することになる。
　よって、本来であれば、被冷却物の冷却能が真水からなる氷より高くなるはずである。しかし、従来の技術によって生成された氷は、冷却の際に自身の温度が経時的に早く上がる等、被冷却物を冷却する能力が十分なものではないことを本発明者らは発見した。その理由について本発明者らは検討したところ、従来の技術では食塩等の溶質を含有する水溶液から氷を製造したとしても、実際は、水溶液が凍る前に溶質を含まない氷が先に製造されてしまい、結果として製造されるのは溶質を含まない氷と溶質との混合物となってしまうか、あるいは、凝固点の低下した氷はほんの僅かしか生成されないため、冷却能の高い氷が製造されていなかったことがわかった。 It is known that when a solute is dissolved in water, freezing point depression occurs in which the freezing point of the aqueous solution is lowered. The freezing point of an aqueous solution in which a solute such as sodium chloride is melted is lowered due to the action of freezing point depression. That is, such an aqueous solution of ice is ice solidified at a temperature lower than that of fresh water.
Here, the heat required when ice changes to water is referred to as "latent heat", but this latent heat is not accompanied by a temperature change. Due to the effect of such latent heat, the ice whose freezing point is lowered as described above continues to be stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water at the time of melting, so that the state where cold energy is stored is sustained.
Therefore, originally, the cooling capacity of the object to be cooled should be higher than the ice made of pure water. However, the inventors have found that the ice produced by the prior art does not have a sufficient ability to cool the object to be cooled, such as the temperature of the ice rising rapidly with time during cooling. The present inventors examined the reason for this. Even if ice was produced from an aqueous solution containing a solute such as sodium chloride in the prior art, in fact, ice containing no solute is first produced before the aqueous solution is frozen. As a result, a mixture of solute-free ice and solute is produced, or ice with a reduced freezing point is generated only in a very small amount, so ice with high cooling capacity is not produced. I found out.
　容器に溜められた状態の水溶液を含む液体を外部から冷却しても、フレークアイス製造装置により生成される氷と同様の氷を生成することはできない。これは、冷却速度が十分でないことに起因すると考えられる。しかしながら、フレークアイス製造装置によれば、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体（以下「ブライン」と呼ぶ）を噴射することで霧状となった水溶液が凝固点以下の温度に保持された金属プレートに直接接することにより、従来なかった急速な冷却を可能としている。これにより、上記（ａ）及び（ｂ）の条件を満たす、冷却能の高い氷を生成することができると考えられる。 Even if the liquid containing the aqueous solution stored in the container is externally cooled, it is not possible to produce ice similar to the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus. This is considered to be due to the fact that the cooling rate is not sufficient. However, according to the flake ice manufacturing apparatus, the aqueous solution which is atomized by spraying a liquid (hereinafter referred to as "brine") containing an aqueous solution containing a solute is directly applied to the metal plate kept at a temperature below the freezing point. The contact makes it possible to achieve rapid cooling that has not been achieved before. Thereby, it is considered that ice having a high cooling capacity which satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b) can be generated.
　しかしながら、本発明者らは、所定の方法により（詳細は後述する）、凝固点が低下した水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成することができるフレークアイス製造装置の発明に成功した。このような本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、上述の（ａ）及び（ｂ）の条件を満たすものである。以下、上述の（ａ）及び（ｂ）の条件について説明する。 However, the inventors succeeded in the invention of a flake ice producing apparatus capable of producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution having a lowered freezing point by a predetermined method (details will be described later). The ice produced by such a flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b). Hereinafter, the conditions of the above-mentioned (a) and (b) are explained.
　（融解完了時の温度）
　上記（ａ）に関して、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、溶質を含む水溶液を含む液体の氷であるため、真水（溶質を含まない水）の凝固点より凝固点の温度が低下している。そのため、融解完了時の温度が０℃以下であるという特徴を有する。「融解完了時の温度」とは、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を融点以上の環境下（例えば、室温、大気圧下）に置くことで氷の融解を開始させ、全ての氷が融解して水になった時点におけるその水の温度のことを指す。 (Temperature at the completion of melting)
Regarding the above (a), since the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, the temperature of the freezing point is lower than that of fresh water (water containing no solute) ing. Therefore, it has a feature that the temperature at the completion of melting is 0 ° C. or less. The “temperature at the time of completion of melting” means that melting of ice is started by placing the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention in an environment above the melting point (eg room temperature, atmospheric pressure). It refers to the temperature of the water when the ice melts and becomes water.
　融解完了時の温度は０℃以下であれば特に限定されず、溶質の種類、濃度を調整することで適宜変更することができる。融解完了時の温度は、より冷却能が高いという点で、温度が低い方が好ましく、具体的には、－１℃以下（－２℃以下、－３℃以下、－４℃以下、－５℃以下、－６℃以下、－７℃以下、－８℃以下、－９℃以下、－１０℃以下、－１１℃以下、－１２℃以下、－１３℃以下、－１４℃以下、－１５℃以下、－１６℃以下、－１７℃以下、－１８℃以下、－１９℃以下、－２０℃以下等）であることが好ましい。他方、凝固点を、被冷却物の凍結点に近づけた方が好ましい場合もあり（例えば、生鮮動植物の損傷を防ぐため等）、このような場合は、融解完了時の温度が高すぎない方が好ましく、例えば、－２１℃以上（－２０℃以上、－１９℃以上、－１８℃以上、－１７℃以上、－１６℃以上、－１５℃以上、－１４℃以上、－１３℃以上、－１２℃以上、－１１℃以上、－１０℃以上、－９℃以上、－８℃以上、－７℃以上、－６℃以上、－５℃以上、－４℃以上、－３℃以上、－２℃以上、－１℃以上、－０．５℃以上等）であることが好ましい。 The temperature at the completion of melting is not particularly limited as long as it is 0 ° C. or less, and can be appropriately changed by adjusting the type and concentration of the solute. The temperature at the completion of melting is preferably lower in view of higher cooling ability, and specifically, it is -1 ° C or less (-2 ° C or less, -3 ° C or less, -4 ° C or less, -5 ° C) ° C or less, -6 ° C or less, -7 ° C or less, -8 ° C or less, -9 ° C or less, -10 ° C or less, -11 ° C or less, -12 ° C or less, -13 ° C or less, -14 ° C or less, -15 ° C Or lower, -16 ° C or lower, -17 ° C or lower, -18 ° C or lower, -19 ° C or lower, -20 ° C or lower). On the other hand, it may be preferable to bring the freezing point close to the freezing point of the object to be cooled (for example, to prevent damage to fresh animals and plants, etc.). Preferably, for example, -21 ° C or higher (-20 ° C or higher, -19 ° C or higher, -18 ° C or higher, -17 ° C or higher, -16 ° C or higher, -15 ° C or higher, -14 ° C or higher, -13 ° C or higher,- 12 ° C or more, -11 ° C or more, -10 ° C or more, -9 ° C or more, -8 ° C or more, -7 ° C or more, -6 ° C or more, -5 ° C or more, -4 ° C or more, -3 ° C or more,- The temperature is preferably 2 ° C. or more, −1 ° C. or more, −0.5 ° C. or more, and the like.
　（溶質濃度の変化率）
　上記（ｂ）に関して、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率（以下、本明細書において「溶質濃度の変化率」と略称する場合がある。）が３０％以内であるという特徴を有する。従来の技術によっても、わずかに凝固点の低下した氷が生じる場合もあるが、そのほとんどは溶質を含まない水の氷と溶質の結晶との混合物であるため、冷却能が十分なものでない。このように溶質を含まない水の氷と溶質の結晶との混合物が多く含まれる場合、氷を融解条件下においた場合、融解に伴う溶質の溶出速度が不安定であり、融解開始時に近い時点である程、溶質が多く溶出し、融解が進むとともに溶質の溶出する量が少なくなり、融解が完了時に近い時点程、溶質の溶出量が少なくなる。これに対し、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、溶質を含む水溶液を含む液体の氷からなるものであるため、融解過程における溶質の溶出速度の変化が少ないという特徴を有する。具体的には、融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が３０％である。なお、「融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率」とは、融解過程の任意の時点での発生する水溶液における溶質濃度に対する、融解完了時における水溶液の濃度の割合を意味する。なお、「溶質濃度」とは、水溶液中の溶質の質量の濃度を意味する。 (Change rate of solute concentration)
With regard to the above (b), the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a rate of change of solute concentration of an aqueous solution generated from ice during melting (hereinafter referred to as “rate of change of solute concentration” May be within 30%). The prior art may also produce ice with a slightly reduced freezing point, but most of it is a mixture of water ice without crystals and crystals of solute, so the cooling capacity is not sufficient. As described above, when a large amount of a mixture of ice and water containing crystals of solute free water is contained, the dissolution rate of the solute accompanying the melting is unstable when the ice is placed under melting conditions, and the time point near the start of melting The more the solute elutes, the less the solute elutes with the progress of melting, and the closer the melting is to completion, the less the solute elutes. On the other hand, since the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is composed of liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, it has a feature that the change in elution rate of the solute in the melting process is small. Specifically, the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice in the melting process is 30%. The term "the rate of change of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice in the melting process" means the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous solution at the completion of the melting to the solute concentration in the aqueous solution generated at any time of the melting process. The "solute concentration" means the concentration of mass of the solute in the aqueous solution.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷における溶質濃度の変化率は３０％以内であれば特に限定されないが、その変化率が少ない方が、凝固点の低下した水溶液の氷の純度が高いこと、つまり、冷却能が高いことを意味する。この観点から、溶質濃度の変化率は、２５％以内（２４％以内、２３％以内、２２％以内、２１％以内、２０％以内、１９％以内、１８％以内、１７％以内、１６％以内、１５％以内、１４％以内、１３％以内、１２％以内、１１％以内、１０％以内、９％以内、８％以内、７％以内、６％以内、５％以内、４％以内、３％以内、２％以内、１％以内、０．５％以内等）であることが好ましい。他方、溶質濃度の変化率は、０．１％以上（０．５％以上、１％以上、２％以上、３％以上、４％以上、５％以上、６％以上、７％以上、８％以上、９％以上、１０％以上、１１％以上、１２％以上、１３％以上、１４％以上、１５％以上、１６％以上、１７％以上、１８％以上、１９％以上、２０％以上等）であってもよい。 The rate of change of the solute concentration in the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is within 30%, but the smaller the rate of change, the higher the ice purity of the aqueous solution whose freezing point is lowered. That is, it means that the cooling capacity is high. From this point of view, the change rate of solute concentration is within 25% (within 24%, within 23%, within 22%, within 21%, within 20%, within 19%, within 18%, within 17%, 16%) , 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3 %, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, etc.) is preferable. On the other hand, the change rate of solute concentration is 0.1% or more (0.5% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8 %, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, 20% or more Etc.).
　（溶質）
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷に含まれる溶質の種類は、水を溶媒としたときの溶質であれば特に限定されず、所望の凝固点、使用する氷の用途等に応じて、適宜選択することができる。溶質としては、固体状の溶質、液状の溶質等が挙げられるが、代表的な固体状の溶質としては、塩類（無機塩、有機塩等）が挙げられる。特に、塩類のうち、食塩（ＮａＣｌ）は、凝固点の温度を過度に下げすぎず、生鮮動植物又はその一部の冷却に適してことから好ましい。また、食塩は海水に含まれるものであるため、調達が容易であるという点でも好ましい。また、液状の溶質としては、エチレングリコール等が挙げられる。なお、溶質は１種単独で含まれてもよく、２種以上含まれてもよい。 (Solute)
The type of solute contained in ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solute when water is used as a solvent, and depending on the desired freezing point, use of ice used, etc. It can be selected appropriately. Examples of the solute include solid solutes and liquid solutes, and representative solid solutes include salts (inorganic salts, organic salts and the like). In particular, among the salts, sodium chloride (NaCl) is preferable because it does not excessively lower the freezing point temperature and is suitable for cooling fresh animals and plants or parts thereof. Moreover, since sodium chloride is contained in seawater, it is preferable also in terms of easy procurement. In addition, examples of liquid solutes include ethylene glycol and the like. The solute may be contained singly or in combination of two or more.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷に含まれる溶質の濃度は特に限定されず、溶質の種類、所望の凝固点、使用する氷の用途等に応じて、適宜選択することができる。例えば、溶質として食塩を用いた場合は、水溶液の凝固点をより下げて、高い冷却能を得ることができる点で、食塩の濃度は０．５％（ｗ／ｖ）以上（１％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、２％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、３％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、４％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、５％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、６％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、７％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、８％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、９％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１０％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１１％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１２％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１３％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１４％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１５％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１６％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１７％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１８％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、１９％（ｗ／ｖ）以上、２０％（ｗ／ｖ）以上等）であることが好ましい。他方、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を生鮮動植物又はその一部の冷却に用いる場合等においては、凝固点の温度を過度に下げすぎない方が好ましく、この観点で、２３％（ｗ／ｖ）以下（２０％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１９％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１８％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１７％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１６％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１５％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１４％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１３％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１２％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１１％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１０％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、９％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、８％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、７％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、６％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、５％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、４％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、３％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、２％（ｗ／ｖ）以下、１％（ｗ／ｖ）以下等）であることが好ましい。 The concentration of the solute contained in the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type of solute, the desired freezing point, the use of the ice used, and the like. For example, when sodium chloride is used as the solute, the concentration of sodium chloride is 0.5% (w / v) or more (1% (w / v) in that the freezing point of the aqueous solution can be lowered to obtain high cooling capacity. v) 2 or more, 2% (w / v) or more, 3% (w / v) or more, 4% (w / v) or more, 5% (w / v) or more, 6% (w / v) or more, 7 % (W / v) or more, 8% (w / v) or more, 9% (w / v) or more, 10% (w / v) or more, 11% (w / v) or more, 12% (w / v) ), 13% (w / v) or more, 14% (w / v) or more, 15% (w / v) or more, 16% (w / v) or more, 17% (w / v) or more, 18% (W / v) or more, 19% (w / v) or more, 20% (w / v) or the like is preferable. On the other hand, when the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is used for cooling fresh animals and plants or parts thereof, it is preferable not to excessively lower the freezing point temperature, and in this respect w / v) or less (20% (w / v) or less, 19% (w / v) or less, 18% (w / v) or less, 17% (w / v) or less, 16% (w / v) or less 15% (w / v) or less, 14% (w / v) or less, 13% (w / v) or less, 12% (w / v) or less, 11% (w / v) or less, 10% (w) / V) 9% (w / v) or less, 8% (w / v) or less, 7% (w / v) or less, 6% (w / v) or less, 5% (w / v) or less It is preferably 4% (w / v) or less, 3% (w / v) or less, 2% (w / v) or less, 1% (w / v) or less, and the like.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は冷却能に優れるため、被保冷物を冷却させる冷媒としての使用に適している。被保冷物を冷却させる低温の冷媒としては、氷以外に、エタノール等の不凍液として使用される有機溶媒が挙げられるが、これらの不凍液より氷の方が熱伝導率が高く、比熱が高い。そのため、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷のような溶質を溶解させて凝固点が低くなった氷は、不凍液のような他の０℃以下の冷媒より、冷却能が優れている点においても有用である。 The ice produced by the apparatus for producing flaked ice according to the present invention is excellent in the cooling ability, and thus is suitable for use as a refrigerant for cooling a material to be stored. As a low-temperature refrigerant for cooling a substance to be stored, in addition to ice, an organic solvent used as an antifreeze liquid such as ethanol may be mentioned. Ice has higher heat conductivity and higher specific heat than these antifreeze liquids. Therefore, the ice whose melting point is lowered by dissolving the solute such as ice generated by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention has a cooling ability superior to that of other refrigerants of 0 ° C. or less such as antifreeze liquid. Are also useful.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、上記の溶質以外の成分を含んでもよく、含まなくてもよい。 The ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may or may not contain components other than the above-mentioned solutes.
　本発明において、「氷」とは、水溶液を含む液体が凍ったものを指す。 In the present invention, "ice" refers to a frozen liquid containing an aqueous solution.
　また、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、真水の凝固点以下の温度で安定な状態が続くため、すなわち、分離しない状態を長く持続させることができる。そのため、例えば、後述のとおり、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を構成する液体が、上記の溶質を含有する水溶液に加え、さらに、油を含む液体であった場合、該油が均一な状態が長持ちし、つまり、分離しない状態を長く持続させることができる。 In addition, since the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is in a stable state at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water, that is, the state in which it does not separate can be maintained for a long time. Therefore, for example, as described later, when the liquid constituting the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is a liquid further containing an oil, in addition to the aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned solute, the oil is The uniform state lasts, that is, the non-separation state can last for a long time.
　上述のとおり、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を構成する液体は、上記の溶質を含有する水溶液に加え、さらに、油を含む液体であってもよい。そのような液体としては、生乳、水と油を含む産業廃棄物（廃棄乳等）が挙げられる。液体が生乳であった場合、その氷を食したときの官能性が向上する点で好ましい。このように、官能性が向上する理由は、生乳に含まれる油（脂肪）が氷の中に閉じ込められた状態であるからと推測される。なお、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、上記の溶質を含有する水溶液を凍結させたもののみから構成してもよい。 As described above, the liquid constituting the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be an oil-containing liquid in addition to the aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned solute. Such liquids include raw milk, industrial wastes including water and oil (waste milk etc). When the liquid is raw milk, it is preferable in that the functionality when eating the ice is improved. Thus, the reason why the functionality improves is presumed to be because the oil (fat) contained in the raw milk is trapped in ice. In addition, the ice produced | generated by the flake ice manufacturing apparatus of this invention may be comprised only from what frozen the aqueous solution containing said solute.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を構成する液体がさらに油を含む場合、液体中の水と油との比率は、特に限定されず、例えば、１：９９～９９：１（１０：９０～９０：１０、２０：８０～８０：２０、３０：８０～８０：３０、４０～６０：４０～６０等）の範囲で適宜選択してもよい。 When the liquid constituting the ice produced by the apparatus for producing flaked ice according to the present invention further contains oil, the ratio of water to oil in the liquid is not particularly limited, and, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1 (10 : 90 to 90: 10, 20: 80 to 80: 20, 30: 80 to 80:30, 40 to 60: 40 to 60, etc.).
　また、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、凝固点降下度の異なる２種以上の溶質を含む水溶液の氷であってもよい。この場合、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、一方の溶質を含む水溶液の氷と、他方の溶質を含む水溶液の氷との混合物であってもよい。かかる場合、例えば、溶質としてエチレングリコールを含む水溶液の氷に、エチレングリコールと凝固点降下度の異なる溶質として食塩を含む水溶液の氷を加えることで、エチレングリコールを含む水溶液の氷の融解を遅らせることができる。あるいは、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、２種以上の溶質を同一の水溶液に溶解した水溶液の氷であってもよい。また、凝固点降下度の異なる２種以上の溶質を併用する場合、対象となる溶質を含む水溶液の氷の融点を下げる場合においても有用である。例えば、溶質として食塩を用いる場合に、食塩よりさらに融点を下げることができる溶質（エチレングリコール、塩化カルシウム等）を併用することで、食塩水の氷の融点を下げることができ、例えば、食塩水の氷のみではなしえない－３０℃近辺での温度を実現できる。凝固点降下度の異なる２種以上の溶質の比率は、目的に応じて適宜変更することができる。 Furthermore, the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be ice of an aqueous solution containing two or more kinds of solutes having different degrees of freezing point depression. In this case, the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be a mixture of ice of an aqueous solution containing one solute and ice of an aqueous solution containing the other solute. In such a case, for example, the ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol is delayed by adding ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol and sodium chloride as a solute having a freezing point depression degree to the ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol as a solute. it can. Alternatively, the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be ice of an aqueous solution in which two or more kinds of solutes are dissolved in the same aqueous solution. Moreover, when using together 2 or more types of solute in which freezing point depression degree differs, it is useful also when lowering | hanging melting | fusing point of the ice of the aqueous solution containing the target solute. For example, in the case of using sodium chloride as a solute, the melting point of ice in saline can be lowered by using together a solute (ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.) capable of lowering the melting point more than sodium chloride. Can achieve temperatures around -30 ° C that can not be achieved with ice alone. The ratio of two or more kinds of solutes having different degrees of freezing point depression can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
　（被保冷物を冷却させる冷媒）
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、被保冷物を冷却させる冷媒とすることができる。上記のとおり、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は冷却能に優れるため、被保冷物を冷却させる冷媒に好適である。
　なお、被保冷物を冷却させるための冷媒と、金属プレート１２０（図１参照）を冷却させるための冷媒との混同を防ぐため、被保冷物を冷却させるための冷媒を、以下「氷スラリー」と呼ぶ。氷スラリーは、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷と、水溶液を含む液体との混合物である。 (Refrigerant that cools cold matter)
The ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention can be used as a refrigerant for cooling a material to be stored. As described above, since the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is excellent in cooling ability, it is suitable as a refrigerant for cooling a material to be cooled.
In addition, in order to prevent confusion between the refrigerant for cooling the object to be stored and the refrigerant for cooling the metal plate 120 (see FIG. 1), the refrigerant for cooling the object to be stored is referred to as “ice slurry” below. Call it An ice slurry is a mixture of ice produced by the flake ice production apparatus of the present invention and a liquid containing an aqueous solution.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を含有する氷スラリーは、上記の氷の他の成分を含んでもよく、例えば、上記の氷以外に水を含むことで、氷と水との混合物により構成してもよい。例えば、氷に含まれる溶質と同一の溶質を含有する水をさらに含む場合、氷における溶質の濃度と、水における溶質の濃度は近い方が好ましい。その理由は、以下のとおりである。 The ice-containing ice slurry produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may contain other components of the above-mentioned ice, for example, by containing water in addition to the above-mentioned ice, a mixture of ice and water It may be configured by For example, in the case of further including water containing the same solute as the solute contained in ice, the concentration of the solute in ice and the concentration of the solute in water are preferably close to each other. The reason is as follows.
　氷の溶質濃度が水の溶質濃度より高い場合、氷の温度が水の飽和凍結点より低いため、溶質濃度が低い水を混合した直後に水分が凍結する。一方、氷の溶質濃度が水の溶質濃度より低い場合、氷の飽和凍結点よりも水の飽和凍結点のほうが低いため氷が融解し、氷と水との混合物からなる氷スラリーの温度が低下する。つまり、氷と水との混合物の状態（氷スラリーの状態）を変動させないようにするためには、上述のとおり、混合する氷と水の溶質濃度を同程度とすることが好ましい。また、氷と水との混合物の状態である場合、水は、上記氷が融解してなるものであってもよく、別途調製したものであってもよいが、上記氷が融解してなるものであることが好ましい。 When the solute concentration of ice is higher than the solute concentration of water, the temperature of the ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of water, so that the water freezes immediately after mixing the water of low solute concentration. On the other hand, when the solute concentration of ice is lower than the solute concentration of water, the ice is melted because the saturated freezing point of water is lower than the saturated freezing point of ice, and the temperature of the ice slurry composed of ice and water mixture decreases Do. That is, in order not to change the state of the mixture of ice and water (the state of ice slurry), it is preferable to make the solute concentration of the mixed ice and water approximately the same as described above. Moreover, when it is in the state of a mixture of ice and water, the water may be one formed by melting the above ice, or may be separately prepared, but one formed by melting the above ice. Is preferred.
　具体的には、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を含有する氷スラリーを氷と水との混合物により構成する場合、氷における溶質の濃度と、水における溶質の濃度との比が、７５：２５～２０：８０であることがより好ましく、７０：３０～３０：７０であることがさらに好ましく、６０：４０～４０：６０であることがより一層好ましく、５５：４５～４５：５５であることがさらに一層好ましく、５２：４８～４８：５２であることが特に好ましく、５０：５０であることが最も好ましい。特に、溶質として食塩を用いる場合、氷における溶質の濃度と、水における溶質の濃度との比が上記範囲内にあることが好ましい。 Specifically, when an ice slurry containing ice generated by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is constituted of a mixture of ice and water, the ratio of the concentration of solute in ice to the concentration of solute in water is 75: 25 to 20: 80 is more preferable, 70:30 to 30: 70 is more preferable, 60: 40 to 40: 60 is still more preferable, 55: 45 to 45: Even more preferably 55, 52:48 to 48:52 are particularly preferred, and 50:50 is most preferred. In particular, when using sodium chloride as a solute, it is preferable that the ratio of the concentration of the solute in ice to the concentration of the solute in water be in the above range.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成される氷の原料となる水は、特に限定されないが、溶質として食塩を使用する場合、海水、海水に塩を追加した水、又は海水の希釈水、の氷であることが好ましい。海水、海水に塩を追加した水、又は海水の希釈水は、調達が容易であり、これによりコストの削減も可能となる。 Water used as a raw material of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when salt is used as a solute, it is seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or diluted water of seawater Is preferred. Sea water, water obtained by adding salt to sea water, or dilution water of sea water is easy to procure, which also enables cost reduction.
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を含有する氷スラリーは、さらに、上記の本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体を含有してもよく、含有さなくてもよいが、含有することが好ましい。短時間で冷却対象物を冷却しようとした場合、熱伝導率の高い固体を利用することにより達成可能であるが、この場合、その固体自身も短時間で冷熱エネルギーを失い温度が上がりやすいため、長時間の冷却には不適である。他方、熱伝導率の高い固体を利用しない方が長時間の冷却に適しているが、短時間で冷却対象物を冷却するのには不適である。しかしながら、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷は、上記のように冷却能が高いため、熱伝導率の高い固体による短時間の冷却能力を得つつ、長時間の冷却も可能としている点で有用である。本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体としては、例えば、金属（アルミニウム、銀、銅、金、ジュラルミン、アンチモン、カドミウム、亜鉛、すず、ビスマス、タングステン、チタン、鉄、鉛、ニッケル、白金、マグネシウム、モリブデン、ジルコニウム、ベリリウム、インジウム、ニオブ、クロム、コバルト、イリジウム、パラジウム）、合金（鋼（炭素鋼、クロム鋼、ニッケル鋼、クロムニッケル鋼、ケイ素鋼、タングステン鋼、マンガン鋼等）、ニッケルクロム合金、アルミ青銅、砲金、黄銅、マンガニン、洋銀、コンスタンタン、はんだ、アルメル、クロメル、モネルメタル、白金イリジウム等）、ケイ素、炭素、セラミックス（アルミナセラミックス、フォルステライトセラミックス、ステアタイトセラミックス等）、大理石、レンガ（マグネシアレンガ、コルハルトレンガ等）等であって、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有するものが挙げられる。また、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体は、熱伝導率が２．３Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上（３Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、５Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、８Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上等）の固体であることが好ましく、熱伝導率が１０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上（２０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、３０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、４０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上等）の固体であることがより好ましく、熱伝導率が５０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上（６０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、７５Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、９０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上等）の固体であることがさらに好ましく、熱伝導率が１００Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上（１２５Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、１５０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、１７５Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上等）の固体であることがより一層好ましく、熱伝導率が２００Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上（２５０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、３００Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上、３５０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上等）の固体であることがなお好ましく、熱伝導率が２００Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上の固体であることがなお好ましく、熱伝導率が４００Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上（４１０Ｗ／ｍ　Ｋ以上等）の固体であることが特に好ましい。 The ice-containing ice slurry produced by the flake ice production apparatus of the present invention may further contain a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the ice produced by the above-described flake ice production apparatus of the present invention, Although it does not need to contain, it is preferable to contain. In the case of trying to cool the object to be cooled in a short time, it can be achieved by using a solid with high thermal conductivity, but in this case the solid itself loses cold energy in a short time and the temperature tends to rise. It is unsuitable for long-term cooling. On the other hand, it is suitable for cooling for a long time not to use a solid having high thermal conductivity, but it is not suitable to cool an object to be cooled in a short time. However, since the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention has a high cooling capacity as described above, it is possible to cool for a long time while obtaining a short cooling capacity by a solid having a high thermal conductivity. It is useful in point. Examples of solids having a thermal conductivity higher than that of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention include metals (aluminum, silver, copper, gold, duralumin, antimony, cadmium, zinc, tin, bismuth, tungsten, titanium, etc. , Iron, lead, nickel, platinum, magnesium, molybdenum, zirconium, beryllium, indium, niobium, chromium, cobalt, iridium, palladium), alloy (steel (carbon steel, chromium steel, nickel steel, chromium nickel steel, silicon steel, Tungsten steel, manganese steel, etc.) Nickel-chromium alloy, aluminum bronze, gunmetal, brass, manganin, western silver, constantan, solder, alumel, chromel, monel metal, platinum iridium, etc., silicon, carbon, ceramics (alumina ceramics, forsterite ceramics Steatite ceramics), marble, brick (magnesia bricks, a Col Hult bricks, etc.) and the like, can be mentioned those having a higher thermal conductivity than generated ice by flake ice producing device of the present invention. In addition, a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention has a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W / m K or more (3 W / m K or more, 5 W / m K or more, 8 W / m K It is preferable that it is a solid of m K or more, and it is more preferable that its thermal conductivity is a solid of 10 W / m K or more (20 W / m K or more, 30 W / m K or more, 40 W / m K or more) It is further preferable that the thermal conductivity is a solid of 50 W / m K or more (60 W / m K or more, 75 W / m K or more, 90 W / m K or more, etc.), and the thermal conductivity is 100 W / m K or more (125 W It is still more preferable that the solid is at least 100 m / m K, at least 150 W / m K, at least 175 W / m K, etc., and the thermal conductivity is 200 W / m K or more (250 W / m K or more, 300 W / m K or more, 3 It is more preferable that the solid is 0 W / m K or more), further preferably a solid with a thermal conductivity of 200 W / m K or more, and a thermal conductivity of 400 W / m K or more (410 W / m K or more) It is particularly preferred that the solid).
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を含有する氷スラリーが、上記の本発明の氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体を含有する場合、上記のとおり、多くの固体を含んでも長時間の冷却に適しており、例えば、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体の質量／氷スラリーに含まれる本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷の質量（又は氷スラリーに含まれる本発明の氷と水溶液を含む液体との合計質量）は、１／１０００００以上（１／５００００以上、１／１００００以上、１／５０００以上、１／１０００以上、１／５００以上、１／１００以上、１／５０以上、１／１０以上、１／５以上、１／４以上、１／３以上、１／２以上等）であってもよい。 When the ice slurry containing ice produced by the flake ice production apparatus of the present invention contains a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the above-described ice of the present invention, as described above, even if it contains many solids, it may last a long time Of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention included in a solid mass / ice slurry having a thermal conductivity higher than that of ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention. The mass (or the total mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the ice slurry and the liquid containing the aqueous solution) is 1 / 10,000 or more (1/50000 or more, 1 / 10,000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/1000 or more, 1 / 500 or more, 1/100 or more, 1/50 or more, 1/10 or more, 1/5 or more, 1/4 or more, 1/3 or more, 1/2 or more, etc.).
　本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を含有する氷スラリーに含有される上記固体は、どのような形状であってもよいが、粒子状であることが好ましい。また、上記固体は、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷の内部に含まれた形態で含まれていてもよく、氷の外部に含まれた形態で含まれていてもよいが、氷の外部に含まれた形態で含まれていた方が冷却対象物に直接接しやすくなるため、冷却能が高くなる。このことから、氷の外部に含まれた形態で含まれていた方が好ましい。また、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により生成された氷を含有する氷スラリーが上記固体を含有する場合、後述の本発明のフレークアイス製造装置により氷を生成した後に上記固体と混合してもよく、あるいは、あらかじめ原料となる水に混合した状態で、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置によって氷を生成してもよい。 The solid contained in the ice-containing ice slurry produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention may be in any shape, but is preferably in the form of particles. Also, the solid may be contained in the form of the inside of the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention, or may be contained in the form of the outside of the ice, The ability to be in direct contact with the object to be cooled makes it easier to contact the object to be cooled, so that the ability to cool is higher. From this, it is preferable to be contained in the form contained outside the ice. Moreover, when the ice slurry containing the ice produced | generated by the flake ice manufacturing apparatus of this invention contains the said solid, you may mix with the said solid, after producing | generating ice with the flake ice manufacturing apparatus of the below-mentioned this invention. Alternatively, ice may be produced by the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention in a state of being mixed in advance with water as a raw material.
［フレークアイス製造装置］
　図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置１０１を示す断面正面図である。図２は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置１０１であって、図１のＩＩ－ＩＩ線断面図である。図３は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置１０１であって、図１のＩＩＩ－ＩＩＩ線断面図である。図４は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたスクレーパを含む一実施形態を示す正面図である。図５は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたポジショナの一実施形態であって、図４のＶ－Ｖ断面図である。図６は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたポジショナの他実施形態を示す要部断面図である。図７は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレークアイス製造装置に備えられたスクレーパによって氷を掻き取っている状態の一実施形態を示す要部断面図である。 [Flake ice manufacturing equipment]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view showing a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. FIG. 3 is a flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view showing an embodiment including a scraper provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a positioner provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a VV sectional view of FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the positioner provided in the flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment in a state where ice is scraped by a scraper provided in a flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
　図１に示すように、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、回転軸１１０と、金属プレート１２０と、ノズル１３０と、スクレーパ１４１とを備える。フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、さらに、ポジショナ１５０とカバー１６０と、冷媒の冷却機１７０を備える。 As shown in FIG. 1, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 includes a rotating shaft 110, a metal plate 120, a nozzle 130, and a scraper 141. The flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 further includes a positioner 150, a cover 160, and a cooler 170 for a refrigerant.
　回転軸１１０は、水平姿勢とされた駆動シャフト１１１と、この駆動シャフト１１１の一端部に固定されたモータ（例えばインバータモータ）１１２とを備え、任意の回転速度で回転する。モータ１１２及びモータ１１２を固定した駆動シャフト１１１の一端部を除いた駆動シャフト１１１と、金属プレート１２０と、ノズル１３０と、スクレーパ１４１がカバー１６０によって覆われている。カバー１６０の下面側は開口し、フレークアイス排出口１６１とされている。カバー１６０は、断熱性を有するＦＲＰ製とされ、カバー１６０内が外気の影響を受けないようにされている。フレークアイス排出口１６１の下方には、フレークアイス貯留タンク（図示せず）が置かれている。 The rotation shaft 110 includes a drive shaft 111 in a horizontal posture, and a motor (for example, an inverter motor) 112 fixed to one end of the drive shaft 111, and rotates at an arbitrary rotation speed. A drive shaft 111 excluding one end of a drive shaft 111 to which the motor 112 and the motor 112 are fixed, a metal plate 120, a nozzle 130, and a scraper 141 are covered by a cover 160. The lower surface side of the cover 160 is open and serves as a flake ice outlet 161. The cover 160 is made of heat insulating FRP so that the inside of the cover 160 is not affected by the outside air. Below the flake ice outlet 161, a flake ice storage tank (not shown) is placed.
　金属プレート１２０は、両表面を製氷面とした平板である。図２に示すように、金属プレート１２０の内部には、冷媒流路１２１（内径は例えば１０ｍｍ）が設けられている。金属プレート１２０の中心部には、駆動シャフト１１１（以下、回転軸１１０として説明する）が貫通する貫通穴１２２が形成されている。金属プレート１２０は、起立姿勢で複数枚（図１では２枚）、平行に向き合って並べられている。金属プレート１２０は、回転軸１１０が回転しても、回転しないように固定されている。 The metal plate 120 is a flat plate whose both surfaces are ice-making surfaces. As shown in FIG. 2, a coolant channel 121 (having an inner diameter of, for example, 10 mm) is provided inside the metal plate 120. At a central portion of the metal plate 120, a through hole 122 through which a drive shaft 111 (hereinafter, described as a rotating shaft 110) passes is formed. A plurality of metal plates 120 (two in FIG. 1) are arranged in parallel to face each other in a standing posture. The metal plate 120 is fixed so as not to rotate even when the rotating shaft 110 rotates.
　このような金属プレート１２０は、単位時間当たりの氷の生成量を示す製氷速度をＹとし、金属プレートの熱伝導率をｘ１としたときに、次式（１）が成り立つように設計されている（ｆは関数（ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ）を意味する）。
　Ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ１）　・・・（１）
　金属プレート１２０を構成する部材を熱伝導率の高い部材とすることにより、製氷速度を上げることができる。また、反対に、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材を熱伝導率の低い部材とすることにより、製氷速度を下げることができる。
　なお、要求される製氷速度によっては、式（１）が成り立たなくてもよい場合もあり得る。この場合、要求される製氷速度を満たす精度の熱伝導率を有する金属プレート１２０が使用される。 Such a metal plate 120 is designed such that the following equation (1) holds, where Y is the ice making speed indicating the amount of ice formation per unit time, and x1 is the thermal conductivity of the metal plate. (F means function).
Y = f (x1) (1)
By making the member constituting the metal plate 120 a member having a high thermal conductivity, it is possible to increase the ice making speed. Also, conversely, by making the member forming the metal plate 120 a member with low thermal conductivity, it is possible to reduce the ice making speed.
Depending on the required ice making speed, it may not be necessary to satisfy the equation (1). In this case, a metal plate 120 is used which has a thermal conductivity with an accuracy that meets the required ice making speed.
　金属プレート１２０を構成する部材としては、熱伝導率が高い銅や銅合金が採用される。金属プレート１２０の表面は、耐摩耗性の金属、例えばクロムによってメッキされている。金属プレート１２０は、後述するような円盤形状（直径は例えば４０ｃｍ）に限定されない限り、正方形等の多角形であってもよい。いずれにしても、金属プレート１２０は、表面と裏面が平行な板状体で（板厚は例えば２５ｍｍ）、大きな金属板から切断するだけで成形できるため、加工しやすいものとなっている。 As a member which comprises the metal plate 120, copper and a copper alloy with high heat conductivity are employ | adopted. The surface of the metal plate 120 is plated with a wear resistant metal, such as chromium. The metal plate 120 may be a polygon, such as a square, as long as it is not limited to the disk shape (diameter is, for example, 40 cm) as described later. In any case, the metal plate 120 is a plate-like body whose front and back surfaces are parallel (plate thickness is 25 mm, for example), and can be formed simply by cutting from a large metal plate, so it is easy to process.
　冷媒流路１２１は、例えば、貫通穴１２２の上側と下側とで独立して蛇行するように設けられている。冷媒流路１２１内を流れる冷媒は、上流側から下流側へ流れるにつれて若干、昇温する。しかし、冷媒は、上側と下側とで独立した冷媒流路１２１内を流れることで、流れる距離が独立していないときよりも短くされている。冷媒は、許容範囲以上に昇温することなく、金属プレート１２０を均等に冷却する。 The coolant channel 121 is provided so as to meander independently on the upper side and the lower side of the through hole 122, for example. The refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant channel 121 slightly rises in temperature as it flows from the upstream side to the downstream side. However, the refrigerant flows in independent refrigerant channels 121 on the upper side and the lower side, so that the flow distance is made shorter than in the case where the flow distances are not independent. The refrigerant uniformly cools the metal plate 120 without raising the temperature above the allowable range.
　各冷媒流路１２１は、配管１７１，１７２によって冷却機１７０に接続されている。冷却機１７０によって冷却された冷媒は、一方の配管１７１→冷媒流路１２１→他方の配管１７２というように循環するように流れる。冷媒としては、沸騰温度が例えば－６０℃のフロン（ＨＣＦＣ２２）やハイドロフルオロカーボン（ＨＦＣ）等が使用される。 Each of the refrigerant channels 121 is connected to the cooler 170 by pipes 171 and 172. The refrigerant cooled by the cooler 170 flows so as to circulate in one pipe 171 → the refrigerant channel 121 → the other pipe 172. As the refrigerant, for example, fluorocarbon (HCFC 22) or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) having a boiling temperature of -60.degree. C. is used.
　図１に示すように、ノズル１３０は、ブラインを金属プレート１２０の両方（図面において左面と右面）の表面に向けて噴射する。詳しくは後述するが、金属プレート１２０は、冷媒流路１２１内に冷媒が流れて冷却されているため、金属プレート１２０に付着したブラインは急速冷凍されて氷（ハイブリッドアイス）となる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the nozzle 130 jets brine towards the surface of both of the metal plates 120 (left and right in the figure). As described in detail later, since the metal plate 120 is cooled by the flow of the refrigerant into the refrigerant flow path 121, the brine attached to the metal plate 120 is rapidly frozen and becomes ice (hybrid ice).
　ノズル１３０は、金属プレート１２０から少しの間隔をあけて配置されたパイプ１３１に多数形成される。２枚の金属プレート１２０の間に配置されたパイプ１３１には、両金属プレート１２０に向けてブラインを噴射できるようにノズル１３０が二方向に形成されている。 The nozzles 130 are formed in large numbers in the pipes 131 spaced a short distance from the metal plate 120. In the pipe 131 disposed between the two metal plates 120, nozzles 130 are formed in two directions so that brine can be injected toward the two metal plates 120.
　スクレーパ１４１には、金属プレート１２０に付着した氷を掻き取るための刃部が形成されている。スクレーパ１４１は、回転軸１１０に固定された棒状のブレード１４０の回転方向側の面に備えられる。ブレード１４０は、金属プレート１２０の表面とパイプ１３１との間で回転する。ブレード１４０は、図２に示すように２本が反対方向に向けて直線状に配置されている。直線状に配置されたブレード１４０の長さを直径とする円環状のリング１４２によって、スクレーパ１４１が撓むことがないように保形される。スクレーパ１４１とリング１４２とを合わせてワイパー（採番せず）と呼ぶ。 The scraper 141 is formed with a blade for scraping off the ice attached to the metal plate 120. The scraper 141 is provided on the surface of the rod-like blade 140 fixed to the rotation shaft 110 in the rotation direction. The blade 140 rotates between the surface of the metal plate 120 and the pipe 131. As shown in FIG. 2, two blades 140 are linearly arranged in opposite directions. The scraper 141 is shaped so as not to be bent by an annular ring 142 whose diameter is the length of the linearly arranged blade 140. The scraper 141 and the ring 142 are collectively referred to as a wiper (not numbered).
　図４は、ブレード１４０の変形例を示す正面図である。図４に示すブレード１４０は、中心から１２０°の等間隔で３本配置されている。ブレード１４０は、図示しないが、９０°の等間隔で４本配置されている等、等間隔で複数本配置されてもよい。 FIG. 4 is a front view showing a modified example of the blade 140. As shown in FIG. Three blades 140 shown in FIG. 4 are arranged at equal intervals of 120 ° from the center. Although not shown, a plurality of blades 140 may be arranged at equal intervals, such as four arranged at equal intervals of 90 °.
　いずれにしても、スクレーパ１４１は、尖端部１４１ａと凹曲部１４１ｂとを交互に形成した波形状の棒状とされる。尖端部１４１ａが氷に割り込み、氷を凹曲部１４１ｂへ流すようにすることで、氷を掻き取りやすくされている。なお、図１に示したスクレーパ１４１は、波形状に描かれていないが、当然ながら、波形状に形成されていることが好ましい。 In any case, the scraper 141 is in the shape of a corrugated rod in which the pointed portions 141a and the concaved portions 141b are alternately formed. It is made easy to scrape ice by making point 141a interrupt ice and flow ice to concave part 141b. Although the scraper 141 shown in FIG. 1 is not drawn in a wave shape, it is of course preferable that the scraper 141 is formed in a wave shape.
　スクレーパ１４１は、金属プレート１２０に接触しない方がよい。スクレーパ１４１は、例えば、０．２ｍｍ程度のクリアランスをもって金属プレート１２０から離れている。フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、このクリアランスを維持するように、ポジショナ１５０を備えている。 The scraper 141 should not come in contact with the metal plate 120. The scraper 141 is separated from the metal plate 120 with, for example, a clearance of about 0.2 mm. The flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 is provided with a positioner 150 so as to maintain this clearance.
　図５は、ポジショナ１５０の一実施形態であって、図４のＶ－Ｖ線断面図である。図６は、ポジショナ１５０の他実施形態を示す要部断面図である。図４、図５に示すポジショナ１５０は、ブロック体１５１によって構成されている。ブロック体１５１は、複数個（図面では４個）備えられている。各ブロック体１５１は、リング１４２を保持し、かつ、金属プレート１２０上を摺動する。このポジショナ１５０は、リング１４２と一体となって金属プレート１２０上を円運動する。図示しないが、ポジショナ１５０は、金属プレート１２０に当たる下面にボールなどを備え、摩擦力を軽減することが好ましい。 FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the positioner 150 and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the positioner 150. As shown in FIG. The positioner 150 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is configured by a block body 151. A plurality of block bodies 151 (four in the drawing) are provided. Each block 151 holds the ring 142 and slides on the metal plate 120. The positioner 150 circularly moves on the metal plate 120 integrally with the ring 142. Although not shown, it is preferable that the positioner 150 be provided with a ball or the like on the lower surface that hits the metal plate 120 to reduce the frictional force.
　ブロック体１５１は、金属プレート１２０上を摺動するのではなく、金属プレート１２０に固定されてもよい。この場合は、ブロック体１５１に溝部１５１ａが形成され、この溝部１５１ａにリング１４２の外周縁が遊嵌される。 The block body 151 may be fixed to the metal plate 120 instead of sliding on the metal plate 120. In this case, the groove 151a is formed in the block 151, and the outer peripheral edge of the ring 142 is loosely fitted in the groove 151a.
　図６に示すポジショナ１５０は、例えばコ字形に成形された掛止具１５２によって構成されている。この掛止具１５２を採用する場合は、金属プレート１２０は、円盤状とされ、外周面に溝部１２３が形成されている。掛止具１５２の一端部は、ワイパーに固定されている。掛止具１５２の中間部は折り返されている。掛止具１５２の他端部は、金属プレート１２０の溝部１２３に遊嵌される。金属プレート１２０が円盤状とされることで、ブレード１４０が回転すると、掛止具１５２も金属プレート１２０の溝部１２３に規制されながら回転する。 The positioner 150 shown in FIG. 6 is constituted by a hook 152 which is, for example, U-shaped. When this hook 152 is employed, the metal plate 120 is disc-shaped, and a groove 123 is formed on the outer peripheral surface. One end of the hook 152 is fixed to the wiper. The middle part of the hook 152 is folded back. The other end of the hook 152 is loosely fitted in the groove 123 of the metal plate 120. By making the metal plate 120 into a disk shape, when the blade 140 rotates, the hooking tool 152 also rotates while being restricted by the groove portion 123 of the metal plate 120.
　ここで、このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によってフレークアイスを製造する方法について説明する。 Here, a method of producing flake ice by the flake ice producing apparatus 101 will be described.
　冷媒を冷媒流路１２１内に流すことで、起立姿勢の金属プレート１２０が冷却される。冷媒が－６０℃であると、金属プレート１２０が熱伝導率が高い銅製又は銅合金とされていることで、金属プレート１２０も－６０℃に冷却される。金属プレート１２０は、カバー１６０で覆われていることから、外気の影響を受けることなく、－６０℃を維持する。 By flowing the refrigerant into the refrigerant channel 121, the metal plate 120 in the standing posture is cooled. When the coolant has a temperature of -60.degree. C., the metal plate 120 is also made of copper or a copper alloy having a high thermal conductivity, so that the metal plate 120 is also cooled to -60.degree. Since the metal plate 120 is covered by the cover 160, it maintains −60 ° C. without being affected by the outside air.
　そして、ブラインがパイプ１３１内に供給され、ノズル１３０から金属プレート１２０の表面である製氷面に向けて噴射される。食塩水（飽和状態）の凝固点は－２１℃であり、塩化マグネシウム水溶液（飽和状態）の凝固点は－２６．７℃である。したがって、食塩水やマグネシウム水溶液をブラインとして使用した場合は、ブラインが金属プレート１２０に付着すると、急速冷凍され、氷（ハイブリッドアイス）の膜が金属プレート１２０の表面に生成される。しかも、金属プレート１２０は、カバー１６０によって覆われ、外気の影響を受けないため、冷却された状態を維持する。 Then, brine is supplied into the pipe 131 and jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the ice making surface which is the surface of the metal plate 120. The freezing point of saline solution (saturated state) is -21 ° C, and the freezing point of magnesium chloride aqueous solution (saturated state) is -26.7 ° C. Therefore, when saline or aqueous magnesium solution is used as the brine, when the brine adheres to the metal plate 120, it is flash frozen and a film of ice (hybrid ice) is formed on the surface of the metal plate 120. In addition, the metal plate 120 is covered by the cover 160, and is not affected by the outside air, so it remains cooled.
　ここで、スクレーパ１４１を備えたブレード１４０（以下、「スクレーパ１４１」として説明する）の動作について説明する。スクレーパ１４１が図２及び図３に示した２本のタイプである場合は、図３に示すように、金属プレート１２０を座標面に見立てたときに、第１象限を第１領域Ａ、第２象限を第２領域Ｂ、第３象限を第３の領域Ｃ、第４象限を第４領域Ｄと呼ぶ。 Here, an operation of the blade 140 provided with the scraper 141 (hereinafter, described as “the scraper 141”) will be described. When the scraper 141 is of two types shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as shown in FIG. 3, when the metal plate 120 is regarded as a coordinate plane, the first quadrant is a first area A, a second The quadrant is referred to as a second region B, the third quadrant is referred to as a third region C, and the fourth quadrant is referred to as a fourth region D.
　スクレーパ１４１は、図２及び図３に示すような縦向きの姿勢になる直前に、第１領域Ａと第３領域Ｃにノズル１３０から金属プレート１２０に向けてブラインが瞬間的に噴射される。このブラインが瞬間冷凍され、均一な厚さの氷が生成された状態で、スクレーパ１４１が一方向（図面では時計方向）に回転して第１領域Ａと第３の領域Ｃに進入し、氷を掻き取る。このようにスクレーパ１４１が第１領域Ａと第３の領域Ｃ内を回転している間に、第２領域Ｂと第４領域Ｄにノズル１３０から金属プレート１２０に向けてブラインが瞬間的に噴射される。このブラインが瞬間冷凍され、均一な厚さの氷が生成された状態で、スクレーパ１４１が一方向（図面では時計方向）に回転し、第２領域Ｂと第４領域Ｄに進入し、氷を掻き取る。 In the scraper 141, brine is instantaneously jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the metal plate 120 in the first area A and the third area C immediately before the scraper 141 assumes the vertical posture as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. After the brine is flash frozen and ice of uniform thickness is generated, the scraper 141 rotates in one direction (clockwise in the drawing) to enter the first area A and the third area C, and the ice Scrape Thus, while the scraper 141 rotates in the first area A and the third area C, brine is instantaneously jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the metal plate 120 in the second area B and the fourth area D. Be done. As the brine is flash frozen and ice of uniform thickness is generated, the scraper 141 rotates in one direction (clockwise in the drawing) and enters the second area B and the fourth area D to Scrape.
　このようにスクレーパ１４１が一方向に連続して回転し、金属プレート１２０に生成された氷を掻き取られた領域Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄにノズル１３０からブラインが噴射され、瞬間冷凍されて生成された氷がスクレーパ１４１によって掻き取られる動作が繰り返される。ただし、スクレーパ１４１は、９０°回転するたびに停止するようにしてもよい。 In this manner, the scraper 141 rotates continuously in one direction, and brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 in the regions A, B, C, and D from which the ice generated on the metal plate 120 is scraped off, and instantaneously frozen and generated. The operation of scraping off the collected ice by the scraper 141 is repeated. However, the scraper 141 may be stopped each time it rotates 90 degrees.
　スクレーパ１４１が図４に示した３本のタイプである場合は、採番しない領域が６つ設けられる。３本のスクレーパ１４１であっても、２本のスクレーパ１４１と同様に停止と回転を繰り返し、スクレーパ１４１が金属プレートに生成された氷を掻き取る。 When the scraper 141 is of the three type shown in FIG. 4, six unassigned areas are provided. Even with the three scrapers 141, the stop and rotation are repeated similarly to the two scrapers 141, and the scrapers 141 scrape off the ice formed on the metal plate.
　図７は、スクレーパ１４１によって氷を掻き取っている状態の一実施形態を示す要部断面図である。スクレーパ１４１が、起立姿勢の金属プレート１２０の表面に生成された氷を掻き取ることで、フレークアイスが製造される。スクレーパ１４１は、ポジショナ１５０によって全長が均等なクリアランスをもって金属プレート１２０の表面から離間しているため、均一なフレークアイスが製造される。 FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment in which the scraper 141 scrapes ice. The scraper 141 scrapes off the ice generated on the surface of the metal plate 120 in the standing posture to produce flake ice. The scraper 141 is spaced apart from the surface of the metal plate 120 with uniform clearance by the positioner 150 so that uniform flake ice is produced.
　しかも、スクレーパ１４１は、金属プレート１２０の表面を擦らないため、金属プレート１２０の表面を損傷させることがない。スクレーパ１４１が氷を掻き取りすぎることがあったとしても、金属プレート１２０の表面は、耐摩耗性の金属によってメッキされていることから、金属プレート１２０の表面を損傷させることがない。 Moreover, since the scraper 141 does not rub the surface of the metal plate 120, the surface of the metal plate 120 is not damaged. Even if the scraper 141 scrapes the ice too much, the surface of the metal plate 120 is plated with wear resistant metal, so the surface of the metal plate 120 is not damaged.
　このようにしてスクレーパ１４１によって金属プレート１２０から掻き取られることで生成されたフレークアイスは、カバー１６０の下面側のフレークアイス排出口１６１から下方に落下し、フレークアイス貯留タンク内に溜められる。まとめると、スクレーパ１４１が停止している状態において、冷却されている起立姿勢の金属プレート１２０にノズル１３０からブラインが噴射され、金属プレート１２０の表面に氷の膜が均一な厚さで成形された後、スクレーパ１４１が回転し、氷を掻き取るという動作を繰り返すことで、フレークアイスが次々とフレークアイス貯留タンク内に溜められる。 Thus, flake ice generated by scraping off the metal plate 120 by the scraper 141 falls downward from the flake ice outlet 161 on the lower surface side of the cover 160 and is stored in the flake ice storage tank. In summary, when the scraper 141 is stopped, brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 onto the metal plate 120 in the standing posture in a cooled posture, and an ice film is formed on the surface of the metal plate 120 with a uniform thickness. After that, the scraper 141 rotates and repeats the action of scraping the ice, whereby flake ice is accumulated in the flake ice storage tank one after another.
［フレークアイス製造装置の他の実施形態］
　以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明してきたが、本発明は何ら上記した実施の形態に記載の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載されている事項の範囲内で考えられるその他の実施の形態や変形例も含むものである。また本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内であれば種々の変更や上記実施の形態の組み合わせを施してもよい。 [Another embodiment of the flake ice manufacturing apparatus]
The embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration described in the above-described embodiment, and considered within the scope of the matters described in the claims. And other embodiments and modifications. Further, various modifications and combinations of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
　上述した実施形態のフレークアイス製造装置１０１では、ブラインを金属プレート１２０の表面に噴射するためのノズル１３０をパイプ１３１に備えたが、図８に示すようなブレード１４０を備えてもよい。
　図８は、図４のＶＩＩＩ－ＶＩＩＩ線に相当する断面図である。このブレード１４０は、進行方向の前面（図８において見えいていない側）に前記スクレーパ１４１を備え、反対方向の後面（図８において見えている側）に前記ノズル１３０を備えている。この場合は、ノズル１３０から金属プレート１２０の表面に向けてブラインが噴射され、このブラインが金属プレート１２０の表面で瞬間冷凍されることで氷が生成された後、スクレーパ１４１が回転してくる。スクレーパ１４１によって瞬間冷凍された氷が掻き取られる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 of the above-described embodiment, the pipe 131 is provided with the nozzle 130 for injecting brine onto the surface of the metal plate 120, but a blade 140 as shown in FIG. 8 may be provided.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to line VIII-VIII in FIG. The blade 140 has the scraper 141 on the front side (the side not visible in FIG. 8) in the traveling direction, and the nozzle 130 on the rear side (the side visible in FIG. 8) in the opposite direction. In this case, brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the surface of the metal plate 120, and the brine is flash-frozen on the surface of the metal plate 120 to generate ice, and then the scraper 141 rotates. The ice frozen by the scraper 141 is scraped off.
　したがって、この場合は、ノズル１３０がスクレーパ１４１に追尾するように設けられる。スクレーパ１４１が氷を掻き取った後にノズル１３０からブラインが瞬間的に噴射される。次のスクレーパ１４１が回転してくるまでの間に瞬間冷凍され、氷の膜が生成される。ただし、ノズル１３０は、スクレーパ１４１に追尾するのではなく、スクレーパ１４１に先行して回転し、ブラインがスクレーパ１４１の後方に向けて噴射されるようにしてもよい。 Therefore, in this case, the nozzle 130 is provided to track the scraper 141. After the scraper 141 scrapes the ice, brine is instantaneously jetted from the nozzle 130. It is instantaneously frozen until the next scraper 141 rotates, and an ice film is generated. However, instead of tracking the scraper 141, the nozzle 130 may be rotated prior to the scraper 141 so that the brine is jetted rearward of the scraper 141.
　上述した実施形態では、スクレーパ１４１は、２本又は３本としたが、１本でもよい。１本のスクレーパ１４１の場合は、第２の領域Ｂと第３の領域Ｃもそれぞれ横方向に分割された領域としてもよい。この場合は、スクレーパ１４１が９０°回転するごとに各領域にノズル１３０からブラインが噴射され、ブラインが瞬間冷凍されて氷が生成された後にスクレーパ１４１がこの氷を削り取る。 In the embodiment described above, the number of scrapers 141 is two or three, but may be one. In the case of one scraper 141, the second area B and the third area C may be respectively divided in the lateral direction. In this case, brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 in each area every 90 ° rotation of the scraper 141, and after the brine is flash-frozen to generate ice, the scraper 141 scrapes the ice.
　上述した実施形態では、ポジショナ１５０は、ブロック体１５１や掛止具１５２としたが、スクレーパ１４１の先端部が当たるような円環状の凸条（図示せず）を金属プレート１２０に設けてもよい。あるいは、スクレーパ１４１が金属プレート１２０に対して所定のクリアランスを維持するように保持されるときは、ポジショナ１５０は不要である。 In the above-described embodiment, the positioner 150 is the block body 151 or the hooking tool 152. However, an annular ridge (not shown) may be provided on the metal plate 120 so that the tip of the scraper 141 contacts. . Alternatively, when the scraper 141 is held to maintain a predetermined clearance with the metal plate 120, the positioner 150 is not necessary.
　上述した実施形態では、金属プレート１２０は、貫通穴１２２を形成したが、貫通穴１２２でなく、切込みであってもよく、さらに、上下２枚に分離したものであってもよい。金属プレート１２０は、複数枚備えられるとしたが、１枚でもよい。１枚の金属プレート１２０は、水平姿勢とし、フレークアイス貯留タンク内と向き合う金属プレート１２０の下面にノズル１３０からブラインを噴射し、スクレーパ１４１が回転して氷が自重で落下するようにしてもよい。金属プレート１２０には、耐摩耗性の金属でメッキするとしたが、スクレーパ１４１が回転する範囲でメッキしてもよい。 In the embodiment described above, the through holes 122 are formed in the metal plate 120. However, the through holes 122 may be not the through holes 122, but the through holes 122 may be cut. Although a plurality of metal plates 120 are provided, it may be one. One metal plate 120 may be in a horizontal posture, and brine may be jetted from the nozzle 130 to the lower surface of the metal plate 120 facing the inside of the flake ice storage tank so that the scraper 141 rotates to drop ice under its own weight. . Although the metal plate 120 is plated with wear-resistant metal, it may be plated within the range in which the scraper 141 rotates.
　上述した実施形態における冷媒流路１２１やパイプ１３１のレイアウトは、一例を図示しただけであり、そのレイアウトは、任意に変更できる。 The layout of the refrigerant flow path 121 and the pipe 131 in the above-described embodiment is merely an example, and the layout can be arbitrarily changed.
　また、ブラインは、上述した実施形態では塩水（塩化ナトリウム水溶液）としたが、特に限定されない。具体的には、例えば塩化カルシウム水溶液、塩化マグネシウム水溶液、エチレングリコール等を採用することができる。これにより、溶質又は濃度の違いに応じた凍結点の異なる複数種類のブラインを用意することができる。 Moreover, although it was set as salt water (sodium chloride aqueous solution) in embodiment mentioned above, it is not specifically limited. Specifically, for example, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, ethylene glycol and the like can be employed. This makes it possible to prepare multiple types of brine having different freezing points depending on the difference in solute or concentration.
　また、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置１０１により生成された氷を含む氷スラリーが、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置１０１により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体を含有する場合、被冷却物を冷却する工程において、氷スラリーに含まれる氷と被冷却物との間に、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置１０１により生成された氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体が介在するように冷却を行うことが好ましい。これにより、熱伝導率の高い固体による短時間の冷却能力を得つつ、被冷却物の長時間の冷却も可能となる。かかる場合、目的に応じて、氷、氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体、被冷却物とのぞれぞれの間に、別のものが介在していてもよい。例えば、氷スラリーの中に被冷却物と直接接するのが好ましくないもの（例えば、安全性の観点で被冷却物と接するのが好ましくない、氷より熱伝導率が高い固体（銅などの金属等）等）が含まれる場合、袋に氷スラリー又は被冷却物のいずれか一方を収容して、氷スラリーと被冷却物とが直接接しないようにして冷却してもよい。 Further, when the ice slurry containing ice produced by the flake ice production apparatus 101 of the present invention contains a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than the ice produced by the flake ice production apparatus 101 of the present invention, the object to be cooled In the step of cooling, cooling is performed such that a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the ice generated by the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 of the present invention is interposed between the ice contained in the ice slurry and the object to be cooled. Is preferred. As a result, it is possible to cool the object to be cooled for a long time while obtaining a short-time cooling capacity by a solid having a high thermal conductivity. In such a case, depending on the purpose, ice, a solid having a thermal conductivity higher than ice, or another one may be interposed between the object to be cooled and the object to be cooled. For example, it is not preferable that the ice slurry be in direct contact with the object to be cooled (for example, solid in which the thermal conductivity is higher than that of ice (a metal such as copper, etc.). Or the like), the bag may contain either the ice slurry or the object to be cooled, and the ice slurry may be cooled without direct contact with the object to be cooled.
　このように、フレークアイス製造装置１０１により生成される氷は、被冷却物を冷却させる他に、例えば以下のような用途にも利用することができる。即ち、産業廃棄液の凍結、糞尿の凍結、気体の液体化等にも利用することができる。 Thus, the ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus 101 can be used, for example, in the following applications as well as cooling the object to be cooled. That is, it can be used also for freezing industrial waste liquid, freezing manure and liquefying gas, and the like.
　金属プレート１２０は、例えば、水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持できれば特に限定されない。金属プレート１２０の温度は、水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持されていれば特に限定されないが、上記（ａ）及び（ｂ）の条件を満たす氷の純度が高い氷を製造できる点で、水溶液の凝固点より１℃以上低い温度（２℃以上低い温度、３℃以上低い温度、４℃以上低い温度、５℃以上低い温度、６℃以上低い温度、７℃以上低い温度、８℃以上低い温度、９℃以上低い温度、１０℃以上低い温度、１１℃以上低い温度、１２℃以上低い温度、１３℃以上低い温度、１４℃以上低い温度、１５℃以上低い温度、１６℃以上低い温度、１７℃以上低い温度、１８℃以上低い温度、１９℃以上低い温度、２０℃以上低い温度、２１℃以上低い温度、２２℃以上低い温度、２３℃以上低い温度、２４℃以上低い温度、２５℃以上低い温度等）に保持されることが好ましい。 The metal plate 120 is not particularly limited as long as it can be maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution, for example. The temperature of the metal plate 120 is not particularly limited as long as it is maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution, but it is an aqueous solution in that ice having high purity of ice satisfying the above conditions (a) and (b) can be produced. 1 ° C or more lower than freezing point (2 ° C or more lower temperature, 3 ° C or more lower temperature, 4 ° C or more lower temperature, 5 ° C or more lower temperature, 6 ° C or more lower temperature, 7 ° C or more lower temperature, 8 ° C or more lower temperature, Temperature lower by 9 ° C, temperature lower by 10 ° C, temperature lower by 11 ° C, temperature lower by 12 ° C or more, temperature lower by 13 ° C or more, temperature lower by 14 ° C or more, temperature lower by 15 ° C or more, temperature lower by 16 ° C or more Lower temperature, lower than 18 ° C, lower than 19 ° C, lower than 20 ° C, lower than 21 ° C, lower than 22 ° C, lower than 23 ° C, lower than 24 ° C, lower than 25 ° C Temperature etc) It is preferable.
　金属プレート１２０を構成する部材は、夫々熱伝導率が異なる。このため、製氷面にどの部材を採用するかにより製氷速度が異なってくる。具体的には例えば、ステンレスの熱伝導率（Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ）は、温度が２０℃のときに１６である。また、純鉄の熱伝導率（Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ）は、温度が２０℃のときに６７であり、ステンレスよりも高い。また、銅（普通品）の熱伝導率（Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ）は、温度が２０℃のときが３７２であり、純鉄よりもさらに高い。また、銀の熱伝導率（Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ）は、温度が２０℃のときが４１８であり、銅（普通品）よりもさらに高い。即ち、図２に例示した製氷面の部材の熱伝導率は、同一の温度条件の下、銀＞銅（普通品）＞純鉄＞ステンレスの順で高くなっている。このため、製氷速度も、銀＞銅（普通品）＞純鉄＞ステンレスの順に高くなる。 The members constituting the metal plate 120 have different thermal conductivities. Therefore, the ice making speed differs depending on which member is used for the ice making surface. Specifically, for example, the thermal conductivity (W / m · K) of stainless steel is 16 when the temperature is 20 ° C. The thermal conductivity (W / m · K) of pure iron is 67 at a temperature of 20 ° C., which is higher than that of stainless steel. In addition, the thermal conductivity (W / m · K) of copper (normal product) is 372 at a temperature of 20 ° C., which is higher than that of pure iron. In addition, the thermal conductivity (W / m · K) of silver is 418 when the temperature is 20 ° C., which is further higher than copper (ordinary goods). That is, the thermal conductivity of the member of the ice-making surface illustrated in FIG. 2 is high in the order of silver> copper (normal product)> pure iron> stainless steel under the same temperature condition. For this reason, the ice making speed also increases in the order of silver> copper (normal product)> pure iron> stainless steel.
　具体的には例えば、金属プレート１２０が銅で構成されている場合、金属プレート１２０を銅から銀に変更することにより、製氷速度を速くすることができる。一方、金属プレート１２０を銅から純鉄やステンレスに変更することにより、製氷速度を遅くすることができる。
　このように、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材を任意に変更することにより、製氷速度を調節することができる。 Specifically, for example, when the metal plate 120 is made of copper, the ice making speed can be increased by changing the metal plate 120 from copper to silver. On the other hand, the ice making speed can be reduced by changing the metal plate 120 from copper to pure iron or stainless steel.
Thus, the flake ice producing apparatus 101 can adjust the ice making speed by arbitrarily changing the members constituting the metal plate 120.
　このとき、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材として銀や銅等の熱伝導率が高い部材が選択され、かつ、金属プレート１２０を冷却するための冷媒として超低温の冷媒が選択される場合がある。このような場合には、超低温の冷媒から供給される膨大な冷熱エネルギーが、熱伝導率が高い部材によって効率良くブラインに伝わるため、より効率の良い氷の生成を実現させることができる。 At this time, a member having a high thermal conductivity, such as silver or copper, may be selected as a member constituting the metal plate 120, and a very low temperature refrigerant may be selected as a refrigerant for cooling the metal plate 120. In such a case, the enormous amount of cold energy supplied from the ultra low temperature refrigerant is efficiently transmitted to the brine by the member having a high thermal conductivity, so that more efficient ice can be realized.
　噴射の方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、後述するノズル１３０のように、噴射孔１３ａを備える噴射手段から、噴射することにより、噴射をすることができる。この場合において、噴射する際の水圧は、例えば、０．００１ＭＰａ以上（０．００２ＭＰａ以上、０．００５ＭＰａ以上、０．０１ＭＰａ以上、０．０５ＭＰａ以上、０．１ＭＰａ以上、０．２ＭＰａ以上等）であってもよく、１ＭＰａ以下（０．８ＭＰａ以下、０．７ＭＰａ以下、０．６ＭＰａ以下、０．５ＭＰａ以下、０．３ＭＰａ以下、０．１ＭＰａ以下、０．０５ＭＰａ以下、０．０１ＭＰａ以下等）であってもよい。 Although the method of injection is not particularly limited, for example, injection can be performed by injection from an injection means provided with injection holes 13a like a nozzle 130 described later. In this case, the water pressure at the time of injection is, for example, 0.001 MPa or more (0.002 MPa or more, 0.005 MPa or more, 0.01 MPa or more, 0.05 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, etc.) 1 MPa or less (0.8 MPa or less, 0.7 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.5 MPa or less, 0.3 MPa or less, 0.1 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, etc.) It may be.
　また、氷が生成される際に、製氷熱が発生するが、この製氷熱を帯びることで、実際の融解完了温度に影響を与える可能性がある。このように、融解完了温度は、溶質の種類、濃度のみでなく、製氷熱の影響を受けると考えられる。そのため、氷に残存する製氷熱の熱量を調整することで、実際の融解完了温度を調整することができる。製氷熱を調整するためには、氷を回収する工程において、氷を壁面上の保持時間を調整することで行うことができる。 In addition, when ice is generated, ice making heat is generated, but taking this ice making heat may affect the actual melting completion temperature. Thus, the melting completion temperature is considered to be affected not only by the type and concentration of solute but also by the heat of ice making. Therefore, the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat of ice making heat remaining on ice. The heat of ice making can be adjusted by adjusting the holding time of the ice on the wall in the process of collecting the ice.
　ブラインが付着する金属プレート１２０は、熱伝導率が高い程、金属プレート１２０を冷却する冷媒の温度が速くブラインに伝わるため、短時間で多くの氷が生成される。
　このため、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材を熱伝導率の高い部材とすることにより、製氷速度を上げることができる。また、反対に、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材を熱伝導率の低い部材とすることにより、製氷速度を下げることができる。
　本実施形態では、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材として、ステンレスや鉄よりも熱伝導率が高い部材が採用されており、より具体的には、２０℃における熱伝導率が７０Ｗ／ｍＫ以上の部材（例えば、銅）が採用されている。このため、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材にステンレスや鉄を採用した場合に比べて、短時間で多くの氷を生成することができる。一般に大量に氷を製造しようとした場合、短時間で効率的に氷を製造するためには金属プレート１２０の表面積を広くする必要があるが、金属プレート１２０を熱伝導理が高い部材により構成することで氷の製造速度が上がるため、金属プレート１２０を広くする必要がなくなり、結果として比較的狭いスペースでの氷の製造も可能となる。この観点で、金属プレート１２０を構成する部材は、熱伝導率が高い部材を採用することが好ましく、より具体的には２０℃における熱伝導率が１００Ｗ／ｍＫ以上の部材がより好ましく、２０℃における熱伝導率が１５０Ｗ／ｍＫ以上の部材がより一層好ましく、２０℃における熱伝導率が２００Ｗ／ｍＫ以上の部材がさらに好ましく、２０℃における熱伝導率が２５０Ｗ／ｍＫ以上の部材がさらに一層好ましく、２０℃における熱伝導率が３００Ｗ／ｍＫ以上の部材が特に好ましい。熱伝導率の上限は特に制限されないが、例えば、２０℃における熱伝導率が１０００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下（９００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下、８００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下、７００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下、６００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下、５００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下、４００Ｗ／ｍＫ以下等）であってもよい。金属プレート１２０を構成する部材の具体例としては、亜鉛、アルミニウム、ジェラルミン、金、銀、タングステン、銅、アルミ青銅、七三黄銅、ネーバル黄銅、ニッケル（９９．９％）、モリブデン、パラジウム、ケイ素等が挙げられる。また、本発明のフレークアイス製造装置は、上述のとおり、比較的狭いスペースでの製造に適しており、例えば、輸送機器（例えば、車両（トラック等）、船）内部のような限られたスペースしかないような場所における製造に適している。 The higher the thermal conductivity of the metal plate 120 to which the brine adheres, the faster the temperature of the refrigerant that cools the metal plate 120 is transferred to the brine, so more ice is generated in a short time.
For this reason, by making the member which comprises the metal plate 120 into a member with high heat conductivity, it is possible to raise the ice making speed. Also, conversely, by making the member forming the metal plate 120 a member with low thermal conductivity, it is possible to reduce the ice making speed.
In the present embodiment, a member having a thermal conductivity higher than that of stainless steel or iron is employed as a member constituting the metal plate 120, and more specifically, a member having a thermal conductivity of 70 W / mK or more at 20 ° C. (For example, copper) is employed. For this reason, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 can generate a large amount of ice in a short time as compared with the case where stainless steel or iron is adopted as a member constituting the metal plate 120. Generally, when it is intended to produce a large amount of ice, it is necessary to widen the surface area of the metal plate 120 in order to efficiently produce ice in a short time, but the metal plate 120 is constituted by a member having high thermal conductivity. Since the production speed of ice is increased, it is not necessary to widen the metal plate 120, and as a result, it is possible to produce ice in a relatively narrow space. From this point of view, it is preferable to use a member having high thermal conductivity, and more specifically, a member having a thermal conductivity of 100 W / mK or more at 20 ° C., more preferably 20 ° C. Members with a thermal conductivity of 150 W / mK or more are more preferable, members with a thermal conductivity of 200 W / mK or more at 20 ° C are more preferable, and members with a thermal conductivity of 250 W / mK or more at 20 ° C are even more preferable A member having a thermal conductivity of 300 W / mK or more at 20 ° C. is particularly preferable. The upper limit of the thermal conductivity is not particularly limited, but for example, the thermal conductivity at 20 ° C. is 1000 W / mK or less (900 W / mK or less, 800 W / mK or less, 700 W / mK or less, 600 W / mK or less, 500 W / mK or less, It may be 400 W / mK or less. Specific examples of the members constituting the metal plate 120 include zinc, aluminum, germalmin, gold, silver, tungsten, copper, aluminum bronze, hepta brass, naval brass, nickel (99.9%), molybdenum, palladium, silicon Etc. In addition, the flake ice producing apparatus of the present invention is suitable for production in a relatively narrow space, as described above, for example, a limited space such as the inside of a transport device (for example, a vehicle (truck, etc.), ship) It is suitable for manufacturing in places where there is only one.
　また、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、製氷速度をＹとし、金属プレート１２０のうちブラインが付着される可能性がある部分の面積をｘ２としたときに、次式（２）が成り立つように設計されている。
　Ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ２）　・・・（２）
　即ち、金属プレート１２０のうちブラインを付着させることができる部分の面積を大きくすれば、それだけ金属プレート１２０に付着することができるブラインの量が増える。このため、結果的に金属プレート１２０に生成される氷の量も増える。反対に、金属プレート１２０うちブラインを付着させることができる部分の面積を小さくければ、それだけ金属プレート１２０に付着することができるブラインの量が減る。このため、結果的に金属プレート１２０に生成される氷の量も減る。
　このように、金属プレート１２０のうちブラインを付着させることができる部分の面積が調節されることにより製氷速度が調節される。 The flake ice producing apparatus 101 is also designed such that the following equation (2) holds, where Y is the ice making speed and x2 is the area of the portion of the metal plate 120 to which brine may be attached. ing.
Y = f (x2) (2)
That is, the larger the area of the portion of the metal plate 120 where the brine can be deposited, the more the amount of brine that can be deposited on the metal plate 120. As a result, the amount of ice generated on the metal plate 120 also increases. Conversely, the smaller the area of the metal plate 120 where the brine can be deposited, the less the amount of brine that can be deposited on the metal plate 120. As a result, the amount of ice generated on the metal plate 120 also decreases.
Thus, the ice making speed is adjusted by adjusting the area of the portion of the metal plate 120 to which the brine can be attached.
　金属プレート１２０を冷却させる冷媒は、フロン（ＨＣＦＣ２２）やハイドロフルオロカーボン（ＨＦＣ）以外に、例えば、冷媒として、ＬＮＧ（Ｌｉｑｕｅｆｉｅｄ　Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ　Ｇａｓ／液化天然ガス）を採用することができる。 As the refrigerant for cooling the metal plate 120, for example, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas / Liquefied Natural Gas) can be adopted as a refrigerant other than Freon (HCFC 22) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC).
　従来より、輸入されたＬＮＧは、－１６０℃の液体の状態でＬＮＧ貯蔵タンクに格納されており、この－１６０℃のＬＮＧは、常温になるまで気化させられ、熱量調整、付臭が施されて、都市ガスまたはＧＴ発電用に供給される。例えば、ＬＮＧの排冷熱を有効活用する手法として、ＬＮＧ基地では、－１６０℃のＬＮＧが常温になるまでの排冷熱を、液体酸素や液体窒素の製造、冷凍倉庫、冷熱発電、海水を熱源としたＬＮＧの気化（ＯＲＶ式）に利用する手法がとられている。 Conventionally, imported LNG is stored in the LNG storage tank in a liquid state of -160 ° C, and this -160 ° C LNG is vaporized to normal temperature, and the amount of heat is adjusted and odorized. Supply for city gas or GT power generation. For example, as a method to effectively utilize the exhaust cold energy of LNG, in the LNG terminal, the cold energy until LNG at -160 ° C reaches normal temperature is used as a heat source for producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, freezer storage, cold energy generation, and seawater. A method has been taken to use for the gasification of LNG (ORV type).
　上述した用途にＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用した場合、電力又はエンジン駆動による従来の冷却方法と比較して以下のようなメリットを有する。即ち、（１）所要動力が少なくて済む、（２）活用されていないＬＮＧの冷熱エネルギーを有効利用することができる、（３）大型の発電機が不要となる、（４）公害要因が低くなる、（５）コストが安くなる、等のメリットを有する。
　その一方で、ＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用しようとする場合には、以下のようなデメリットもあった。即ち、ＬＮＧの排冷熱の利用は、通常、ＬＮＧ基地周辺の場所での連続的な利用に限定されていた。これは、ＬＮＧは輸送時に燃焼の危険性が伴うためである。つまり、ＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用する場合、ＬＮＧの排冷熱の供給を受ける側は、ＬＮＧ基地から配管によってＬＮＧの供給を受け、ＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用した後にガスを返送する必要があった。このため、ＬＮＧ自体を遠隔地に輸送し、そこでバッチ的にＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用できるようにすることは困難であった。
　また、ＬＮＧ基地周辺の場所で連続的にＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用するためには固定化された設備が必要となるため、長期安定的なプロジェクトでないと対応できないというデメリットもあった。さらに、ＬＮＧと被冷却物との間における直接の熱交換は危険性を伴うというデメリットもあった。 When the exhaust cold heat of LNG is used for the above-mentioned application, it has the following merits compared with the conventional cooling method by electric power or an engine drive. That is, (1) the required power can be reduced, (2) the cold energy of underutilized LNG can be effectively used, (3) a large generator becomes unnecessary, and (4) the pollution factor is low. And (5) it has merits such as cost reduction.
On the other hand, there are the following disadvantages when trying to utilize the exhaust heat of LNG. That is, utilization of the exhaust heat of LNG was usually limited to continuous utilization at a location around the LNG terminal. This is because LNG involves the risk of combustion during transportation. That is, in the case of utilizing the exhaust cold of LNG, the side receiving the supply of the exhaust cold of LNG needs to receive the supply of the LNG from the LNG base by piping and needs to return the gas after utilizing the exhaust cold of LNG. For this reason, it has been difficult to transport the LNG itself to a remote place where it is possible to utilize the exhaust heat of LNG batchwise.
In addition, there is also a disadvantage that it can only be coped with for a long-term stable project because fixed facilities are required to use the exhaust heat of LNG continuously at a location around the LNG terminal. Furthermore, the direct heat exchange between the LNG and the object to be cooled has the disadvantage of being dangerous.
　しかしながら、上述したフレークアイス製造装置１０１の冷媒としてＬＮＧを利用した場合、上述したデメリットはなくなる。即ち、ＬＮＧをフレークアイス製造装置１０１の冷媒として利用することにより、超低温のフレークアイスを製造することができる。このため、製造されたフレークアイスを遠隔地に輸送すれば、ＬＮＧ自体を遠隔地に輸送することなく、そこでバッチ的にＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用することができる。
　また、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、特定の場所に固定させる必要はなく、車両、船舶、航空機等の移動体に搭載させることもできるため機動性を有する。さらに、フレークアイスという中間冷媒が存在するため、危険性を伴う、ＬＮＧと被冷却物との間における直接の熱交換は行われない。 However, when LNG is used as a refrigerant of the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 described above, the above-described disadvantages disappear. That is, by using LNG as a refrigerant of the flake ice producing apparatus 101, ultra-low temperature flake ice can be produced. For this reason, if the manufactured flake ice is transported to a remote place, it is possible to utilize the exhaust cold heat of LNG batchwise without transporting the LNG itself to a remote place.
In addition, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 does not have to be fixed at a specific place, and can be mounted on a moving object such as a vehicle, a ship, or an aircraft, and therefore has mobility. Furthermore, due to the presence of the intermediate refrigerant flake ice, there is no risk of direct heat exchange between the LNG and the object to be cooled.
　また、－１６０℃のＬＮＧをフレークアイス製造装置１０１の冷媒として利用することにより、凍結点が－１５０℃程度までのブラインを瞬間凍結させた超低温のフレークアイスを製造することできる。即ち、ブラインが塩水（塩化ナトリウム水溶液）の場合には飽和状態で－２１．２℃、塩化マグネシウム水溶液の場合には飽和状態で－２６．２７℃のフレークアイスを製造することができるが、エチレングリコール塩水や塩化マグネシウム水溶液よりも凍結点が低く、従来より「不凍液」としてブラインに利用することができなかった物質についても瞬間凍結させることによりフレークアイスとして利用することができる。具体的には例えば、エチレングリコールをブラインとするフレークアイスを製造することもできる。 Further, by utilizing LNG at -160 ° C as a refrigerant of the flake ice producing apparatus 101, it is possible to produce ultra-low temperature flake ice in which brine having a freezing point up to about -150 ° C is instantaneously frozen. That is, flake ice can be produced at -21.2 ° C. in the saturated state when the brine is brine (aqueous sodium chloride solution), and at -26.27 ° C. in the saturated state if the aqueous solution is magnesium chloride. The freezing point is lower than that of glycol salt water and magnesium chloride aqueous solution, and substances which can not be used as brine as "antifreeze" can be used as flake ice by quick freezing. Specifically, for example, flake ice in which ethylene glycol is a brine can also be produced.
　即ち、－１６０℃のＬＮＧという超低温の冷媒をフレークアイス製造装置１０１の冷媒として利用することにより、－１５０℃程度の超低温のフレークアイスを製造することが可能となる。換言すると、要求される保冷温度は、被保冷物の種類に応じて個別に異なるものであり、例えば－１℃が適するものもあれば－１５０℃が適するものもある。つまり、金属プレート１２０を冷却させる際に、－１６０℃のＬＮＧという超低温の冷媒を利用することにより、幅広く要求される保冷温度にマッチさせたフレークアイスを容易に製造することができる。
　このように、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、従来の冷凍機の代替として冷熱を供給することができるだけでなく、ＬＮＧの排冷熱を利用してエネルギー効率を高めることもできる。即ち、コージェネレーション（ｃｏｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）システムを構築することも可能となる。 That is, by using an ultra low temperature refrigerant of -160 ° C. LNG as a refrigerant of the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, it becomes possible to produce ultra low temperature flake ice of about -150 ° C. In other words, the required cold storage temperature is different depending on the type of the material to be stored, and for example, some are suitable for -1 ° C and others are suitable for -150 ° C. That is, when the metal plate 120 is cooled, it is possible to easily manufacture flake ice matched to a widely required cooling temperature by using an ultra-low temperature refrigerant called -160 ° C. LNG.
As described above, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 can not only supply cold energy as a substitute for a conventional refrigerator, but also can utilize the cold energy of LNG to enhance energy efficiency. That is, it is also possible to construct a cogeneration system.
　また、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、製氷速度をＹとし、冷媒クリアランス２４に対し供給される冷媒の温度をｘ３としたときに、次式（３）が成り立つように設計されている。
　Ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ３）　・・・（３）
　即ち、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、冷媒供給部２９により冷媒クリアランス２４に対し供給される冷媒の温度に応じて製氷速度が変化するように設計されている。
　即ち、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、金属プレート１２０の温度が低い程、金属プレート１２０に付着させたブラインをより速く凍結させることができる。つまり、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、冷媒クリアランス２４に供給される冷媒の温度が低い程、短時間で多くの氷を生成することができる。
　具体的には例えば、冷媒クリアランス２４に対し－１６０℃のＬＮＧが供給された場合、金属プレート１２０の壁面の温度は急激に低下する。このため、フレークアイス製造装置１０１は、－１５０℃程度までの氷を短時間で大量に生成することができる。 Further, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 is designed such that the following equation (3) holds, where Y is the ice making speed and x3 is the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant clearance 24.
Y = f (x3) (3)
That is, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 is designed such that the ice making speed changes according to the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant clearance 24 by the refrigerant supply unit 29.
That is, the lower the temperature of the metal plate 120, the faster the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 can freeze the brine deposited on the metal plate 120. That is, as the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant clearance 24 is lower, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 can generate more ice in a short time.
Specifically, for example, when LNG of -160 ° C. is supplied to the refrigerant clearance 24, the temperature of the wall surface of the metal plate 120 is rapidly reduced. Therefore, the flake ice producing apparatus 101 can produce a large amount of ice up to about -150 ° C. in a short time.
［氷スラリー製造手法］
　次に、上述したブラインとフレークアイスとを材料とする氷スラリーを製造する手法の一例を説明する。氷スラリーについては、予め用意された複数種類のブラインを材料とすることにより、要求される保冷温度と保冷時間とに対応させたもの製造することができる。
　なお、ブラインは塩水であり、被保冷物は生鮮海産物であることとし、また、氷スラリーの中に直接被保冷物である生鮮海産物を入れることにより瞬間凍結することを想定して説明する。 [Ice slurry production method]
Next, an example of the method of producing the ice slurry which uses brine and flake ice as described above will be described. About an ice slurry, what was made to respond | correspond to the required cold storage temperature and cold storage time can be manufactured by using multiple types of pre-prepared brine as a material.
In addition, it is assumed that brine is a salt water, and a stored matter is a fresh seafood, and it is assumed on the assumption that the frozen material is put directly into the ice slurry and the fresh seafood is put into the ice slurry.
　生鮮海産物を瞬間凍結させるためには、氷スラリーの原料である塩水の溶質濃度を従来に比べて大幅に高く設定する。なお、溶質濃度が１３．６％である塩水の理論飽和凍結点は－９．８℃となり、溶質濃度が２３．１％である塩水の理論飽和凍結点は－２１．２℃となる。
　塩水の溶質濃度が１３．６％未満の場合、製造した氷スラリーによる生鮮海産物の凍結速度は遅くなる。一方、塩水の溶質濃度が２３．１％を超える場合、塩分が結晶として析出するため、塩水の飽和凍結点が上昇する。
　なお、生鮮海産物を直接氷スラリーに入れた場合、氷スラリーの溶質濃度が高くても、生鮮海産物の表面が瞬間凍結して氷結するため、生鮮海産物中に塩分が侵入することはない。 In order to flash-freeze fresh seafood, the solute concentration of the salt water, which is the raw material of the ice slurry, is set much higher than before. The theoretical saturation freezing point of the brine having a solute concentration of 13.6% is -9.8 ° C, and the theoretical saturation freezing point of the brine having a solute concentration of 23.1% is -21.2 ° C.
When the solute concentration of the salt water is less than 13.6%, the freezing rate of fresh seafood by the manufactured ice slurry is slow. On the other hand, when the solute concentration of the brine exceeds 23.1%, the salt content precipitates as crystals, and the saturated freezing point of the brine rises.
In addition, when fresh seafood is put directly into an ice slurry, the surface of the fresh seafood is instantly frozen and frozen even if the solute concentration of the ice slurry is high, and therefore salt does not penetrate into the fresh seafood.
　氷スラリーを製造するために混合するフレークアイスと塩水との溶質濃度は、同程度（数％以内の濃度差）であることを好適とする。フレークアイスの溶質濃度が塩水の溶質濃度より高い場合、フレークアイスの温度が塩水の飽和凍結点より低いため、溶質濃度が低い塩水を混合した直後に水分が凍結する。一方、フレークアイスの溶質濃度が塩水の溶質濃度より低い場合、フレークアイスの飽和凍結点よりも塩水の飽和凍結点のほうが低いため、フレークアイスが融解し、氷スラリーの温度が低下する。
　従って、氷スラリーの状態を変動させないようにするためには、混合するフレークアイスと塩水の溶質濃度を同程度とすることが望ましい。 It is preferable that the solute concentrations of flake ice and brine mixed to produce an ice slurry be approximately the same (difference in concentration within a few percent). If the concentration of solute in flake ice is higher than the concentration of solute in brine, the temperature of flake ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of the brine, so water freezes immediately after mixing brine with a low solute concentration. On the other hand, when the concentration of solute in flake ice is lower than the concentration of solute in brine, flake ice melts and the temperature of the ice slurry decreases because the saturation freezing point of brine is lower than the saturation freezing point of flake ice.
Therefore, in order to keep the state of the ice slurry from fluctuating, it is desirable to make the solute concentrations of the mixed flake ice and the salt water the same.
　混合するフレークアイスと塩水の質量比は、フレークアイス：塩水＝７５：２５～２０：８０、好ましくはフレークアイス：塩水＝６０：４０～５０：５０とする。なお、フレークアイスの質量比が７５質量％を超えると、固形分の比率が高くなるため、生鮮海産物と氷スラリーとの間に隙間が発生し、生鮮海産物に氷スラリーが密着しなくなる。一方、氷の質量比が２０質量％未満であると、製造した氷スラリーによって生鮮海産物を瞬間凍結し難くなるからである。 The mass ratio of flake ice to brine to be mixed is flake ice: brine = 75: 25 to 20:80, preferably flake ice: brine = 60: 40 to 50:50. In addition, since the ratio of solid content will become high when the mass ratio of flake ice exceeds 75 mass%, a clearance gap will generate | occur | produce between fresh seafood and ice slurry, and ice slurry will not stick to fresh seafood. On the other hand, if the mass ratio of ice is less than 20% by mass, it becomes difficult to instantaneously freeze fresh seafood by the manufactured ice slurry.
　即ち、ブラインが塩水の場合、溶質濃度（ブラインの濃度）を１３．６％～２３．１％とした塩水を用いてフレークアイス製造装置１０１により生成したフレークアイスと、溶質濃度が１３．６％～２３．１％である塩水とを混合して氷スラリーを製造する。
　本実施形態では、製造された氷スラリーの温度は－９．８℃～－２１．２℃となる。製造されたフレークアイスと混合する塩水の温度は、常温もしくはそれを下回る温度とする。なお、塩水の温度が低い程、製氷効率は高くなる。 That is, when the brine is brine, the flake ice produced by the flake ice producing apparatus 101 using a brine having a solute concentration (concentration of brine) of 13.6% to 23.1%, and a solute concentration of 13.6% An ice slurry is prepared by mixing with -23.1% brine.
In the present embodiment, the temperature of the manufactured ice slurry is −9.8 ° C. to −21.2 ° C. The temperature of the brine mixed with the flake ice produced is at normal temperature or below. The lower the temperature of the salt water, the higher the ice making efficiency.
　なお、ブラインが塩水以外の場合は、製造される氷スラリーの温度が、必要とされる温度となるように、ブラインの濃度や、混合するフレークアイスとブラインの質量比を調整する。
　このように、ブラインの濃度や、混合するフレークアイスとブラインの質量比を調整することにより、複数種類の温度の氷スラリーを製造することができる。 When the brine is other than brine, the concentration of brine and the mass ratio of flake ice to brine to be mixed are adjusted so that the temperature of the ice slurry to be produced becomes the required temperature.
Thus, by adjusting the concentration of brine and the mass ratio of flake ice to brine to be mixed, it is possible to produce ice slurries of different temperatures.
［まとめ］
　以上まとめると、本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１は、次のような構成を取れば足り、各種各様な実施形態を取ることができる。 [Summary]
In summary, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied is sufficient as long as it has the following configuration, and various various embodiments can be taken.
　即ち、本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１は、
　回転軸１１０と、
　冷媒流路１２１を内部に有する１枚又は複数枚の金属プレート１２０と、
　前記金属プレート１２０の一方又は両方の表面に向けてブラインを噴射するノズル１３０と、
　前記回転軸１１０に固定されて回転するスクレーパ１４１と、
　を備え、
　前記ノズル１３０から前記金属プレート１２０の表面に向けて噴射されたブラインが前記金属プレート１２０の表面で凍結して生成された氷を回転する前記スクレーパ１４１によって掻き取ってフレークアイスを製造する。 That is, the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied is
A rotating shaft 110,
One or a plurality of metal plates 120 having a coolant channel 121 therein;
A nozzle 130 for injecting brine toward one or both surfaces of the metal plate 120;
A scraper 141 fixed to the rotating shaft 110 and rotating;
Equipped with
The brine jetted from the nozzle 130 toward the surface of the metal plate 120 is frozen on the surface of the metal plate 120 and scraped off by the scraper 141 rotating the generated ice to produce flaked ice.
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、金属プレート１２０を容易に製造することができ、金属プレート１２０にノズル１３０から噴射されたブラインが凍結することで生成された氷をスクレーパ１４１によって掻き取ることで、フレークアイスを容易に製造することができる。 According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the metal plate 120 can be easily manufactured, and scraped off by the scraper 141 the ice generated by freezing the brine jetted from the nozzle 130 on the metal plate 120. And flake ice can be easily manufactured.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記金属プレート１２０は、単位時間当たりの前記氷の生成量を示す製氷速度をＹとし、前記金属プレート１２０の熱伝導率をｘ１としたときに、次式（１）が成り立つように設計されている。
　Ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ１）　・・・（１）
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、金属プレート１２０が式（１）により設計されることで、より効率良く氷を生成し、フレークアイスを製造することができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The metal plate 120 is designed so that the following equation (1) is satisfied, where Y is the ice making speed indicating the amount of ice generated per unit time, and the thermal conductivity of the metal plate 120 is x1. There is.
Y = f (x1) (1)
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the metal plate 120 is designed by Formula (1), whereby ice can be generated more efficiently and flake ice can be manufactured.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記金属プレートは、銅製又は銅合金製である。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、式（１）を満たす金属プレート１２０を廉価に製造することができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The metal plate is made of copper or copper alloy.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the metal plate 120 which satisfy | fills Formula (1) can be manufactured inexpensively.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記回転軸１１０は、水平姿勢であり、前記金属プレート１２０は、起立姿勢である。
　金属プレート１２０から掻き取られるフレークアイスを自重で落下させることができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The rotation shaft 110 is in a horizontal position, and the metal plate 120 is in a standing position.
The flake ice scraped off the metal plate 120 can be dropped by its own weight.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記ノズル１３０が複数形成され、前記金属プレート１２０に近接して配置されたパイプ１３１をさらに備える。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、パイプ１３１に形成された多数のノズル１３０から金属プレート１２０の表面にブラインを瞬間に噴射し、薄い氷を生成することができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
A plurality of the nozzles 130 are further provided, and the nozzle 130 further includes a pipe 131 disposed in proximity to the metal plate 120.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, brine can be instantaneously sprayed from the large number of nozzles 130 formed in the pipe 131 onto the surface of the metal plate 120 to produce thin ice.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記金属プレート１２０には、前記スクレーパ１４１の回転方向に分割された複数の領域Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄが設定され、前記ノズル１３０は、前記複数の領域Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄのうち、前記スクレーパ１４１によって氷が掻き取られた領域の金属プレート１２０にブラインを噴射するように制御される。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、金属プレート１２０には、分割された領域Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄごとにノズル１３０からブラインが噴射され、金属プレート１２０に生成された氷をスクレーパ１４１によって掻き取ることができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
A plurality of areas A, B, C, and D divided in the rotational direction of the scraper 141 are set in the metal plate 120, and the nozzle 130 is configured of the plurality of areas A, B, C, and D. The scraper 141 is controlled to spray brine on the metal plate 120 in the area where the ice is scraped off.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, brine is jetted from the nozzle 130 to the metal plate 120 for each of the divided areas A, B, C, D, and the ice generated on the metal plate 120 is scraped by the scraper 141. Can be taken.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記スクレーパ１４１を前記回転軸に固定する棒状のブレード１４０を備え、
　前記ブレード１４０は、回転方向の面に前記スクレーパ１４１を備え、回転方向側と反対側の面に前記ノズル１３０を備えている。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、棒状のブレード１４０が前面にスクレーパ１４１を備え、後面にノズル１３０を備えることにより、ノズル１３０から噴射されたブラインが金属プレート１２０の表面で凍結し、氷が生成された状態で、その氷をスクレーパ１４１が掻き取るようにすることができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
A rod-like blade 140 for fixing the scraper 141 to the rotation shaft;
The blade 140 has the scraper 141 on the surface in the rotational direction, and the nozzle 130 on the surface on the opposite side to the rotational direction.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the rod-like blade 140 is provided with the scraper 141 on the front surface and the nozzle 130 on the rear surface, whereby the brine jetted from the nozzle 130 freezes on the surface of the metal plate 120, and the ice Once generated, the ice can be scraped off by the scraper 141.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記ブレード１４０は、等間隔に複数配置されている。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、ブレード１４０が等間隔に複数配置されていることにより、均一なフレークアイスを製造することができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
A plurality of the blades 140 are arranged at equal intervals.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, uniform flake ice can be manufactured by arranging a plurality of blades 140 at equal intervals.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　所定のクリアランスをもって前記スクレーパ１４１を前記金属プレート１２０に近接させるポジショナ１５０を備えている。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、スクレーパ１４１が金属プレート１２０の表面に所定のクリアランスを維持することで、生成される氷の厚さを均一にし、均一なフレークアイスを製造することができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The positioner 150 brings the scraper 141 into close proximity to the metal plate 120 with a predetermined clearance.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the scraper 141 maintains a predetermined clearance on the surface of the metal plate 120, whereby the thickness of the generated ice can be made uniform, and uniform flake ice can be manufactured.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記金属プレート１２０は、外周面に溝部１２３を有する円盤状であり、
　前記ポジショナ１５０は、前記金属プレート１２０の溝部１２３と前記スクレーパ１４１の先端部とに架け渡される掛止具１５２である。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、掛止具１５２の一端部が金属プレート１２０の溝部１２３内で移動し、掛止具１５２の他端部に保持されたスクレーパ１４１が金属プレート１２０に対して所定のクリアランスをもって移動する。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The metal plate 120 has a disk shape having a groove 123 on the outer peripheral surface,
The positioner 150 is a hook 152 which is bridged between the groove 123 of the metal plate 120 and the tip of the scraper 141.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, one end of the hook 152 moves within the groove 123 of the metal plate 120, and the scraper 141 held by the other end of the hook 152 contacts the metal plate 120. Move with the specified clearance.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記ポジショナ１５０は、前記スクレーパ１４１の先端部を保持し、かつ、前記金属プレート１２０上を摺動するブロック体１５１、又は前記金属プレート１２０上に固定され、前記スクレーパ１４１の先端部を遊嵌する溝部１５１ａを有するブロック体１５１である。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、ブロック体１５１がスペーサのようになってスクレーパ１４１が金属プレート１２０に対して所定のクリアランスを維持することができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The positioner 150 holds the tip of the scraper 141 and is fixed on the block 151 sliding on the metal plate 120 or on the metal plate 120, and loosely fits the tip of the scraper 141. It is a block body 151 having a groove 151a.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the block body 151 can be like a spacer, and the scraper 141 can maintain a predetermined clearance with respect to the metal plate 120.
　本発明が適用されるフレークアイス製造装置１０１において、
　前記スクレーパ１４１の移動軌跡に相対する前記金属プレート１２０の表面は、耐摩耗性の金属によってメッキされている。
　このフレークアイス製造装置１０１によれば、耐摩耗性の金属が金属プレート１２０の表面を保護し、金属プレート１２０の長寿命化を図ることができる。 In the flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101 to which the present invention is applied,
The surface of the metal plate 120 opposite to the movement locus of the scraper 141 is plated with wear resistant metal.
According to this flake ice manufacturing apparatus 101, the wear resistant metal protects the surface of the metal plate 120, and the life of the metal plate 120 can be extended.
　本発明に係るフレークアイスの製造方法は、
　冷却されている金属プレート１２０の表面に向けてブラインを噴射する工程と、
　前記金属プレート１２０の表面に付着したブラインを凍結させて氷を生成する工程と、
　前記金属プレート１２０に付着した氷を回転するスクレーパ１４１によって掻き取る工程と、
　含む。 The method for producing flaked ice according to the present invention is
Injecting brine towards the surface of the metal plate 120 being cooled;
Freezing the brine attached to the surface of the metal plate 120 to generate ice;
Scraping off the ice attached to the metal plate 120 by a rotating scraper 141;
Including.
　このフレークアイス製造方法によれば、容易に製造することができ、小型化されたフレークアイス製造装置によってフレークアイスを効率よく生成することができる。 According to this method for producing flake ice, flake ice can be efficiently produced by a miniaturized flake ice producing apparatus which can be easily produced.
１０１：フレークアイス製造装置、１１０：回転軸、１２０：金属プレート、１２１：冷媒流路、１３０：ノズル、１３１：パイプ、１４０：ワイパー、１４１：スクレーパ、１５０：ポジショナ、１５１ａ：溝部、Ａ：第１の領域、Ｂ：第２の領域、Ｃ：第３の領域、Ｄ：第４の領域
 
  101: flake ice manufacturing apparatus, 110: rotating shaft, 120: metal plate, 121: refrigerant channel, 130: nozzle, 131: pipe, 140: wiper, 141: scraper, 150: positioner, 151a: groove, A: first 1 area, B: second area, C: third area, D: fourth area

Claims (13)

  1. 　回転軸と、
    　冷媒流路を内部に有する１枚又は複数枚の金属プレートと、
    　前記金属プレートの一方又は両方の表面に向けてブラインを噴射するノズルと、
    　前記回転軸に固定されて回転するスクレーパと、
    　を備え、
    　前記ノズルから前記金属プレートの表面に向けて噴射されたブラインが前記金属プレートの表面で凍結して生成された氷を回転する前記スクレーパによって掻き取ってフレークアイスを製造する、
    　フレークアイス製造装置。     With the rotation axis,
    One or more metal plates internally having a refrigerant flow path,
    A nozzle for injecting brine toward one or both surfaces of the metal plate;
    A scraper fixed to the rotating shaft and rotating;
    Equipped with
    Brine sprayed from the nozzle toward the surface of the metal plate freezes on the surface of the metal plate and scrapes off the generated ice by the scraper rotating to produce flake ice.
    Flakes ice making equipment.
  2. 　前記金属プレートは、単位時間当たりの前記氷の生成量を示す製氷速度をＹとし、前記金属プレートの熱伝導率をｘ１としたときに、次式（１）が成り立つように設計されている、
    　請求項１に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。
    　Ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ１）　・・・（１）     The metal plate is designed such that the following equation (1) is satisfied, where Y is an ice making speed indicating the amount of generated ice per unit time, and x1 is the thermal conductivity of the metal plate.
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1.
    Y = f (x1) (1)
  3. 　前記金属プレートは、銅製又は銅合金製である、
    　請求項１又は２に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The metal plate is made of copper or copper alloy.
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.
  4. 　前記回転軸は、水平姿勢であり、前記金属プレートは、起立姿勢である、
    　請求項１乃至３のうちいずれか１項に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The rotation axis is in a horizontal position, and the metal plate is in a standing position.
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. 　前記ノズルが複数形成され、前記金属プレートに近接して配置されたパイプをさらに備える、
    　請求項１乃至４のうちいずれか１項に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The nozzle is formed in a plurality, and further comprising a pipe disposed in proximity to the metal plate,
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
  6. 　前記金属プレートには、前記スクレーパの回転方向に分割された複数の領域が設定され、前記ノズルは、前記複数の領域のうち、前記スクレーパによって氷が掻き取られた領域の金属プレートにブラインを噴射するように制御される、
    　請求項１乃至５のうちいずれか１項に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     A plurality of areas divided in the rotation direction of the scraper are set in the metal plate, and the nozzle sprays brine to the metal plate in the area where the scraper scraps ice out of the plurality of areas. Be controlled to
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. 　前記スクレーパを前記回転軸に固定する棒状のブレードを備え、
    　前記ブレードは、回転方向側の面に前記スクレーパを備え、回転方向側と反対側の面に前記ノズルを備えている、
    　請求項１乃至６のうちいずれか１項に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     A rod-like blade for fixing the scraper to the rotating shaft;
    The blade is provided with the scraper on the surface on the rotation direction side and the nozzle on the surface on the opposite side to the rotation direction side.
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
  8. 　前記ブレードは、等間隔に複数配置されている、
    　請求項７に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The plurality of blades are arranged at equal intervals,
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to claim 7.
  9. 　所定のクリアランスをもって前記スクレーパを前記金属プレートに近接させるポジショナを備えている、
    　請求項１乃至８のうちいずれか１項に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     And a positioner for bringing the scraper close to the metal plate with a predetermined clearance.
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. 　前記金属プレートは、外周面に溝部を有する円盤状であり、
    　前記ポジショナは、前記金属プレートの溝部と前記スクレーパの先端部とに架け渡される掛止具である、
    　請求項９に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The metal plate is in a disk shape having a groove on the outer peripheral surface,
    The positioner is a hook that spans the groove of the metal plate and the tip of the scraper.
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to claim 9.
  11. 　前記ポジショナは、前記スクレーパの先端部を保持し、かつ、前記金属プレート上を摺動するブロック体、又は前記金属プレート上に固定され、前記スクレーパの先端部を遊嵌する溝部を有するブロック体である、
    　請求項９に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The positioner is a block that holds the tip of the scraper and slides on the metal plate, or a block that is fixed on the metal plate and has a groove that loosely fits the tip of the scraper. is there,
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to claim 9.
  12. 　前記スクレーパの移動軌跡に相対する前記金属プレートの表面は、耐摩耗性の金属によってメッキされている、
    　請求項１乃至１１のうちいずれか１項に記載のフレークアイス製造装置。     The surface of the metal plate opposite to the movement path of the scraper is plated with a wear resistant metal,
    The flake ice manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
  13. 　冷却されている金属プレートの表面に向けてブラインを噴射する工程と、
    　前記金属プレートの表面に付着したブラインを凍結させて氷を生成する工程と、
    　前記金属プレートに付着した氷を回転するスクレーパによって掻き取る工程と、
    　を含む、
    　フレークアイス製造方法。
     
          Spraying brine towards the surface of the metal plate being cooled;
    Freezing the brine attached to the surface of the metal plate to form ice;
    Scraping ice attached to the metal plate with a rotating scraper;
    including,
    How to make flaked ice.

PCT/JP2017/038088 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Flake-ice making device and flake-ice making method WO2019077756A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01234770A (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-20 Tetsuo Yotsuda Artificial snow making device
JP2007057205A (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-08 Hoshizaki Electric Co Ltd Auger type ice making machine
JP2007322079A (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-13 Hiroshi Matsuda Flaking type icemaker using functional ice detaching blade
JP2008503706A (en) * 2004-06-23 2008-02-07 ガーバー， ライオネル Heat exchanger for use in liquid cooling

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01234770A (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-20 Tetsuo Yotsuda Artificial snow making device
JP2008503706A (en) * 2004-06-23 2008-02-07 ガーバー， ライオネル Heat exchanger for use in liquid cooling
JP2007057205A (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-08 Hoshizaki Electric Co Ltd Auger type ice making machine
JP2007322079A (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-13 Hiroshi Matsuda Flaking type icemaker using functional ice detaching blade

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