WO2019063004A1 - Dna重组修复功能评分rds在癌症治疗中的用途 - Google Patents

Dna重组修复功能评分rds在癌症治疗中的用途 Download PDF

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WO2019063004A1
WO2019063004A1 PCT/CN2018/109006 CN2018109006W WO2019063004A1 WO 2019063004 A1 WO2019063004 A1 WO 2019063004A1 CN 2018109006 W CN2018109006 W CN 2018109006W WO 2019063004 A1 WO2019063004 A1 WO 2019063004A1
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seq
gene
dna repair
xrcc5
optionally
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French (fr)
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李兴民
潘伦
夏灿
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浙江数问生物技术有限公司
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Priority to CN201880063635.2A priority Critical patent/CN111868265B/zh
Priority to US16/652,080 priority patent/US20200354796A1/en
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of cancer therapy, and in particular to a method of treating cancer in a human comprising: predicting the sensitivity of tumor cells or tissues in a cancer patient to DNA damage therapy; and administering DNA damage therapy to a cancer patient. Furthermore, it relates to a kit for carrying out the above method.
  • HR Homologous recombination
  • NHEJ non-homologous end joining
  • HR also provides other functions, such as DNA damage drugs that promote cell tolerance that can disrupt DNA replication forks (Thompson, et al., 2001). Both HR and NHEJ can promote DNA repair by supplementing upstream induction/effector proteins.
  • the HR pathway catalyzes DSB repair by identifying a piece of homologous DNA and replicating from the homologous DNA template, while NHEJ repairs DSB by processing and reattaching the DSB ends.
  • NHEJ is the primary repair pathway, while HR usually occurs during the S and G 2 of the cell cycle.
  • the regulation of this repair is primarily determined by the BRCA1 and 53BP1 proteins, which compete for occupancy of the DSB site.
  • the stability of 53BP1 in synergy with Rif1 results in the exclusion of BRCA1 protein from the repair pathway and DSB repair through NHEJ.
  • the DSB is repaired by HR. In this case, the DSB terminus is processed into an HR substrate that is involved in 5' to 3' nuclease activity.
  • NHEJ non-homologous end joining
  • tumors carrying an inefficient, error-free DNA repair mechanism may exhibit greater genomic instability, which is expected to drive malignant progression and produce a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Since genetic instability may indicate a greater tendency for malignant phenotypes such as metastasis, the method of predicting the error-free repair ability of human tumor biopsies as a prognostic indicator may be widely used in clinical oncology. The cellular efficiency of these repair processes can also directly affect tumor response during treatment in cancer patients. In addition, methods for successfully quantifying repair function may have important applications in clinical oncology because it will predict the sensitivity of a tumor to a particular treatment.
  • TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer
  • ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology
  • CAP American College of Pathologists
  • IHC ER/PR immunohistochemistry
  • TNBC early TNBC is more prone to distant metastasis than other subtypes, and 5 years of survival is also worse.
  • the risk of recurrence of TNBC peaked at 3 years and decreased after 3 years.
  • the risk of recurrence of non-triple negative breast cancer was lower within 3 years, and the risk of recurrence was maintained thereafter.
  • the cause of early TNBC recurrence is largely due to the presence of residual disease, ie, pathologic complete response (pCR), and TNBC patients who achieve pCR have the same prognosis as other subtypes of breast cancer, so it is urgent to seek Effective treatment to increase pCR and improve prognosis.
  • pCR pathologic complete response
  • the existing TNBC neoadjuvant treatment regimen is similar to non-TNBC, including anthracyclines, taxanes, cyclophosphamide, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • RDS Recombination Ability Score
  • one aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a human comprising: predicting sensitivity of a tumor cell or tissue in a cancer patient to DNA damage therapy; and administering a DNA damage therapy to the cancer patient, wherein the predictive cancer
  • the sensitivity of a tumor cell or tissue in a patient to DNA damage therapy refers to obtaining a DNA recombination function score (RDS) value of the tumor cell or tissue, which is calculated based on determining the expression level of a DNA repair-related gene.
  • RDS DNA recombination function score
  • the DNA damage therapy is selected from at least one of a DNA damage radiotherapy method or a DNA damage radiotherapy method.
  • the DNA damage chemotherapeutic method refers to administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • the platinum compound is cisplatin or carboplatin.
  • the DNA crosslinking agent is cisplatin.
  • the topoisomerase inhibitor is irhibitor or topotecan.
  • the PARP inhibitor is olaparib.
  • the DNA damage radiotherapy method refers to the administration of medically tolerable radiation.
  • the DNA repair-related gene includes at least one of a homologous recombination (HR) gene or a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) gene.
  • HR homologous recombination
  • NHEJ non-homologous end joining
  • the DNA repair-related gene comprises at least one of RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, c-Met, and E2F1, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7, or 9, preferably 2, 3, 4, or 5.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is RAD51.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is XRCC5.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is PARPBP.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is PARP1.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51 and XRCC5.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are XRCC5 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5 and PRABP5.
  • the DNA repair related genes are RAD51, XRCC5 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1 and PARPBP.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PRABP5 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PRABP5, PARP1 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1, BRCA1 and c-Met.
  • the RDS value is calculated by the following steps:
  • the DNA repair related genes have a weight of one.
  • the weight of the DNA repair related gene is determined using a random forest model.
  • the resulting RDS is multiplied by -1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5 and BRCA1
  • the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 and Z BRCA1 , respectively
  • the corresponding weights are 1.2677725, -2.1358314 and 1.8680589, respectively.
  • the RDS value is:
  • RDS 1.8680589 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 2.1358314 ⁇ Z XRCC5 + 1.2677725 ⁇ Z RAD51 .
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5 and BRCA1
  • the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 and Z BRCA1 , respectively
  • the corresponding weights are 1.0862116, -1.3606527 and 1.2744411, respectively.
  • the RDS value is:
  • RDS 1.2744411 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 1.3606527 ⁇ Z XRCC5 + 1.0862116 ⁇ Z RAD51 .
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARPBP, PARP1 and BRCA1, and the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARPBP , Z PARP1 and Z BRCA1 , respectively.
  • the weights are -0.9410212, 1.9078423, 1.2744411, 0.5792162, and -1.4464863, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (1.9078423 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.4464863 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 0.9410212 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 0.9004490 ⁇ Z PARPBP + 0.5792162 ⁇ Z PARP1 ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARPBP, PARP1 and BRCA1, and the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARPBP , Z PARP1 and Z BRCA1 , respectively
  • the weights are -0.8562682, 1.8206667, 0.6713876, 0.5695937, and -1.2053798, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (1.8206667 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.20537983 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 0.8562682 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 0.6713876 ⁇ Z PARPBP + 0.5695937 ⁇ Z PARP1 ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARPBP, PARP1 and BRCA1, and the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARPBP , Z PARP1 and Z BRCA1 , respectively.
  • the weights are -0.8562682, 2.9992700, 1.8874888, 1.4543415, and -2.9277882, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (2.9992700 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 2.9277882 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 0.8562682 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.8874888 ⁇ Z PARPBP + 1.4543415 ⁇ Z PARP1 ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARPBP, PARP1 and BRCA1, and the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARPBP , Z PARP1 and Z BRCA1 , respectively.
  • the weights are -2.7960688, 3.4559578, 1.6877616, 1.7951636, and -3.1328142, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (3.4459578 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 3.1328142 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 2.7960688 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.6877616 ⁇ Z PARPBP + 1.7951636 ⁇ Z PARP1 ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARPBP, PARP1 and BRCA1, and the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARPBP , Z PARP1 and Z BRCA1 , respectively.
  • the weights are -1.5976511, 2.0106046, 1.1222873, 1.0772653 and -1.6125061, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (2.0106046 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.6125061 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 1.5976511 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.1222873 ⁇ Z PARPBP + 1.0772653 ⁇ Z PARP1 ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1, BRCA1 and c-Met
  • the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARP1 , Z BRCA1 and Z c- , respectively.
  • Met the corresponding weights are 1.5506891, -1.7869991, -1.3444708, 1.4939660 and 1.0868148, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (1.4939660 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 1.7869991 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.3444708 ⁇ Z PARP1 + 1.5506891 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.0868148 ⁇ Z c - Met ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1, BRCA1 and c-Met
  • the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARP1 , Z BRCA1 and Z c- , respectively.
  • Met the corresponding weights are 1.8668920, -2.1714242, -1.6861369, 1.6586976 and 1.3319715, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (1.6586976 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 2.1714242 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.6861369 ⁇ Z PARP1 + 1.8668920 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.3319715 ⁇ Z c - Met ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1, BRCA1 and c-Met
  • the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARP1 , Z BRCA1 and Z c- , respectively.
  • Met the corresponding weights are 1.3497325, -2.1128981, -1.4465384, 1.9931659 and 1.2165381, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (1.9931659 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 2.1128981 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.4465384 ⁇ Z PARP1 + 1.3497325 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.2165381 ⁇ Z c - Met ).
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1, BRCA1 and c-Met
  • the corresponding Z values are Z RAD51 , Z XRCC5 , Z PARP1 , Z BRCA1 and Z c- , respectively.
  • Met the corresponding weights are 1.3010898, -1.6731665, -1.1388590, 1.4318830 and 1.0790527, respectively.
  • the RDS values are:
  • RDS -1 ⁇ (1.4318830 ⁇ Z BRCA1 - 1.6731665 ⁇ Z XRCC5 - 1.1388590 ⁇ Z PARP1 + 1.3010898 ⁇ Z RAD51 + 1.0790527 ⁇ Z c - Met ).
  • the expression level of the DNA repair-related gene refers to a relative expression level relative to the expression level of the reference gene.
  • the relative expression level refers to the expression level of the DNA repair gene minus the expression level of the reference gene.
  • the expression level of the internal reference gene refers to the average of the expression levels of the internal reference genes.
  • the internal reference gene is selected from at least one of CALM2, B2M, TBP and GUSB.
  • the internal reference gene is selected from at least one of CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB.
  • the cancer is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer. At least one of them.
  • the DNA damage therapy is administered to the patient if the RDS value is below the preset domain value or falls within the pre-set interval.
  • the preset domain value or preset interval is obtained by using a group sample, specifically,
  • the n% confidence interval is a preset interval.
  • the N is at least 20, 30, 50, 100 or greater.
  • the m is from 1 to 50.
  • the m is one of 10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50.
  • the n is from 80 to 99.
  • the n is 95.
  • the expression level of the gene is obtained by a method of nucleic acid hybridization/amplification.
  • the expression level of the gene is obtained by FISH or CISH or RNA sequencing or microdisplay.
  • the expression level of the gene is obtained by a method of quantitative PCR.
  • the obtaining the RDS value is performed before or after the administration of the DNA damage therapy.
  • the expression level of the DNA repair-related gene refers to a protein level of DNA repair-related gene expression.
  • the expression level of the gene is obtained using an IHC or ELISA or Western blot or protein microarray method.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a diagnostic kit comprising a primer for amplifying a transcription product of a DNA repair-related gene or a probe for hybridizing with a transcription product of a DNA repair-related gene, or a gene related to DNA repair An antibody that expresses a protein selective immune response.
  • the DNA repair-related gene comprises at least one of RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET and E2F1.
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the RAD51 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the sequences shown in Figure 13, wherein the downstream primer is at least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 8, SEQ ID NO. 11, and SEQ ID NO. .
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the XRCC5 gene transcription product is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 16, SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 22, SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the sequences shown, the downstream primer is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 23, SEQ ID NO. 26, and SEQ ID NO. .
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the RIF1 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 37, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the downstream primers is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 32, SEQ ID NO. 35, SEQ ID NO. 38, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the PRRPBP gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 43, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the downstream primers is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 44, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 50, and SEQ ID NO.
  • a primer for amplifying an internal reference gene transcription product or a probe that hybridizes with an endogenous gene transcription product, or an antibody that selectively immunoreacts with a protein expressed by an internal reference gene is further included.
  • the internal reference gene is selected from at least one of CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the RAD51 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.6, SEQ ID NO.9, SEQ ID NO.12, SEQ ID NO At least one of the sequences shown in .15.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the XRCC5 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO.18, SEQ ID NO.21, SEQ ID NO.24, SEQ ID NO.26, SEQ ID NO At least one of the sequences shown in .
  • the probe that hybridizes to the RIF1 gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 36, SEQ ID NO. 39, and SEQ ID NO. One.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the PARPBP gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. At least one.
  • the kit comprises an antibody that selectively immunoreacts with a protein expressed by the RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET, and E2F1 genes.
  • the kit further comprises a probe that amplifies an internal reference gene transcript primer or hybridizes with an internal reference gene transcription product, or an antibody that selectively immunoreacts with a protein expressed by an internal reference gene.
  • the internal reference gene is selected from at least one of CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB.
  • the upstream primer that amplifies the CALM2 gene transcription product is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 58, and SEQ ID NO. 61, and the downstream primer At least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 59, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the B2M gene transcription product is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 64, SEQ ID NO. 67, and SEQ ID NO. 70, downstream primer At least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 65, SEQ ID NO. 68, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the TBP gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 73, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the downstream primers is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 80, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer that amplifies the GUSB gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 85, SEQ ID NO. 88, and SEQ ID NO. 91, and the downstream primer At least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 86, SEQ ID NO. 89, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the kit further comprises a probe that hybridizes to the internal reference genes CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB gene transcription products.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the CALM2 gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 60, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the B2M gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 66, SEQ ID NO. 69, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the TBP gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. At least one of them.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the GUSB gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 87, SEQ ID NO. 90, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the kit comprises an antibody that selectively immunoreacts with a protein expressed by the CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB genes.
  • the probe is bound to a solid support.
  • the primers or probes in the detection kit can be labeled with any suitable detection label, including but not limited to radioisotopes, fluorescein, biotin, enzymes (eg, alkaline phosphatase), enzyme substrates, Ligands and antibodies.
  • suitable detection label including but not limited to radioisotopes, fluorescein, biotin, enzymes (eg, alkaline phosphatase), enzyme substrates, Ligands and antibodies.
  • compositions and methods are used to “include”, “substantially contain”, or “include” any of the formulations and procedures disclosed in the specification. Any of the disclosed prescriptions or steps that are “substantially contained” by these compositions and methods are intended to limit the scope of the claims or the scope of the claims.
  • Figure 1 shows the relationship between different drug susceptibility and RDS values for different cell lines.
  • Figure 2 shows a box plot of gene expression levels of candidate genes at different PM fractions: A: z-G1 (RAD51), B: z-G2 (XRCC5), C: z-G3 (RTF1), D: z- G4 (PARPBP), E: z-G5 (PARP1), F: z-G6 (BRCA1), G: z-G10 (c-Met), H: z-G11 (E2F1).
  • A z-G1 (RAD51), B: z-G2 (XRCC5), C: z-G3 (RTF1), D: z- G4 (PARPBP), E: z-G5 (PARP1), F: z-G6 (BRCA1), G: z-G10 (c-Met), H: z-G11 (E2F1).
  • Figure 3 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 1 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area AUC of 0.782.
  • Figure 4 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 2 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area under the curve AUC of 0.787.
  • Figure 5 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 3 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area AUC of 0.788.
  • Figure 6 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 4 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area AUC of 0.800.
  • Figure 7 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 5 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area AUC of 0.788.
  • Figure 8 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 6 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area under the curve AUC of 0.814.
  • Figure 9 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 7 regression predicting pCR-1 with an area AUC of 0.813.
  • Figure 10 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 8 regression predicting pCR-2 with an area under the curve AUC of 0.780.
  • Figure 11 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 9 regression predicting pCR-2 with an area under the curve AUC of 0.778.
  • Figure 12 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 10 regression predicting pCR-2 with an area under the curve AUC of 0.779.
  • Figure 13 shows a ROC plot of the risk of RDS 11 regression predicting pCR-2 with an area under the curve AUC of 0.779.
  • RDS DNA Recombination Repair Function Score
  • the RDS value can be obtained based on the level of expression of a DNA repair related gene.
  • the RDS value is calculated by the following steps:
  • the DNA repair related genes have a weight of one.
  • the weight of the DNA repair related gene is determined using a random forest model.
  • the resulting RDS is multiplied by -1.
  • the DNA repair-related gene comprises at least one of a homologous recombination (HR) gene or a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) gene.
  • HR homologous recombination
  • NHEJ non-homologous end joining
  • the DNA repair-related gene comprises at least one of RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, c-Met, and E2F1, for example, one, two, three, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, and c-Met, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 5 or 6, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is RAD51.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is XRCC5.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is PARPBP.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is PARP1.
  • the DNA repair-related gene is BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51 and XRCC5.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are XRCC5 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5 and PRABP5.
  • the DNA repair related genes are RAD51, XRCC5 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1 and PARPBP.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PRABP5 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PRABP5, PARP1 and BRCA1.
  • the DNA repair-related genes are RAD51, XRCC5, PARP1, BRCA1 and c-Met.
  • the expression level of the DNA repair-related gene refers to a relative expression level relative to the expression level of the reference gene.
  • the relative expression level refers to the expression level of the DNA repair gene minus the expression level of the reference gene.
  • the expression level of the internal reference gene refers to the average of the expression levels of the internal reference genes.
  • the internal reference gene is selected from at least one of CALM2, B2M, TBP and GUSB.
  • the internal reference gene is selected from at least one of CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB.
  • FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
  • CISH chromogenic in situ hybridization
  • real-time PCR PCR
  • gene expression is detected using real-time quantitative PCR or qPCR.
  • the target DNA to be assayed can be subjected to real-time PCR amplification by, for example, conventional techniques such as TaqMan, Scorpion, molecular labeling, and the amount of amplified DNA product can be passed through a non-sequence-specific fluorescent dye (for example, SybrGreen), or a labeled probe such as TaqMan probes, FRET probes and molecular markers were tested.
  • a non-sequence-specific fluorescent dye for example, SybrGreen
  • a labeled probe such as TaqMan probes, FRET probes and molecular markers were tested.
  • endogenous housekeeping genes can be used as a reference, as is known in the art.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR is particularly useful for determining mRNA levels of genes in a cell or tissue sample, in which case the mRNA is first reverse transcribed into cDNA and then PCR amplified by using specific oligonucleotide PCR primers. This qRT-PCR method is well known in the art.
  • any known method for measuring the level of protein in a cell or tissue sample can be used in the present invention.
  • methods include, but are not limited to, immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, Western blot, protein microarrays, and the like.
  • IHC immunohistochemistry
  • ELISA ELISA-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Western blot protein microarrays
  • an antibody that specifically immunoreacts with a protein is contacted with a cell or tissue sample under conditions of an immune response to the gene, and the amount of protein and bound antibody in the sample is measured.
  • FFPE tumor samples can usually be used.
  • the sample can be a FFPE sample or a fresh frozen sample, and is preferably homogenized and extracted prior to contact with the antibody, as is generally known in the art.
  • the RDS value in the cancer cells obtained from the patient is determined by in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis or real-time quantitative PCR.
  • FISH in situ hybridization
  • the RDS value in cancer cells obtained from the patient is determined by qRT-PCR.
  • an RDS can provide a method of treating cancer in a human, comprising: predicting sensitivity of a tumor cell or tissue in a cancer patient to DNA damage therapy; and administering a DNA damage therapy to the cancer patient, wherein the predictive cancer
  • the sensitivity of a tumor cell or tissue in a patient to DNA damage therapy refers to obtaining a DNA recombination function score (RDS) value of the tumor cell or tissue.
  • RDS DNA recombination function score
  • the size of the RDS value can be used to guide the treatment of cancer patients. Specifically, a therapeutically effective amount of the DNA damaging drug or administration of DNA damage therapy is administered only when the obtained RDS value is below the preset domain value or falls within a predetermined interval.
  • a method of treating a human cancer comprises identifying a patient having or diagnosed with cancer; obtaining an RDS value of a tumor cell or tissue in the cancer patient; and administering a DNA damage therapy to the patient.
  • DNA damage therapy is selected from at least one of a DNA damage radiotherapy method or a DNA damage radiotherapy method.
  • the DNA damage chemotherapeutic method refers to administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • the chemotherapeutic agent may be a platinum compound such as cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, satraplatin, picoplatin Nedaplatin, Triplatin, Lipoplatin, or cisplatin liposomes.
  • the chemotherapeutic agent may be a DNA crosslinker.
  • An alkylate preparation used for chemotherapy such as 1,3-bis(2-chloroform)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, magenta) and nitrogen mustard, can cross-link the N7 position of the guanine of the DNA complementary strand to form Crosslinking between chains.
  • BCNU 1,3-bis(2-chloroform)-1-nitrosourea
  • nitrogen mustard nitrogen mustard
  • Cisplatin (cis-diaminodichloroplatinum II) and its derivative form of DNA cross-linking act as a single-addition chain cross-linking, cross-linking or DNA protein cross-linking. Most of this effect forms a 1,2 chain crosslink at the N7 position of the guanine.
  • the chemotherapeutic agent may be a topoisomerase inhibitor.
  • Topoisomerase inhibitors are drugs that affect the activity of both enzymes: topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II.
  • topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II When the DNA double helix is unfolded, during DNA replication and transcription, for example, adjacent unexpanded DNA is entangled tightly (supercoiled), like a twisted strand in the middle. Part of the stress caused by this potency is assisted by topoisomerase. They cause single or double strand damage on DNA, reducing the tension of the DNA strand. This allows the DNA to unwind normally during replication and transcription. Inhibitors of topoisomerase I or II interfere with both processes.
  • topoisomerase II targeted drugs can be divided into two categories. Topoisomerase II toxicity results in increased levels of enzyme binding to DNA. It can interfere with DNA translation and transcription, causing DNA strand breaks, leading to programmed cell death (apoptosis). These formulations include etoposide, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and teniposide.
  • the second type, a catalytic inhibitor is a drug that inactivates topoisomerase II, thus hindering DNA synthesis and transcription because DNA cannot be normally untwisted.
  • Such drugs include novobiocin, thiobarbital aniline and arubicin, and there are other significant mechanisms of action.
  • the chemotherapeutic agent may be a PARP inhibitor.
  • the "PARP inhibitor” e.g., poly ADP polysaccharide polymerase
  • the PARP inhibitor should be a preparation that inhibits PARP over other polymerases.
  • the PARP inhibitor inhibits PARP at least twice as much as any other polymerase.
  • the PARP inhibitor inhibits PARP by at least ten times inhibition of any other polymerase.
  • the PARP inhibitor inhibits PARP more than inhibits any other enzyme.
  • the PARP inhibitors are olaparib, rucaparib, veliparib, CEP 9722, MK 4827, BMN-673, 3-aminobenzamide, tetracycline compound, 4-hydroxy quinazoline and Its derivatives, and carboxyamino-benzimidazole and its derivatives.
  • the chemotherapeutic agent is any (and selected from the formulations included in certain embodiments) alkylate formulations such as thiotepa and Cyclophosphamide, alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, propylene bromide and piperazine; aziridines such as benzozide, kappa, metopril and uridine; aziridine and Methyl melamines include hexamethylene melamine, triethylene melamine, triethylene sulfide phosphamide and trimethylol melamine; ⁇ -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (demonnamycin, ); ⁇ -parabenone; zipperol; betulinic acid; camptothecin (synthetic analogue topotecan) , cpt-11 (inhibitor, ), acetylcamptothecin, scutellarin, and 9-aminocamptothecin; total grass
  • daantimycin including daantimycin A; espiramycin; Carcincin chromophore, and related pigment proteins, two, chromophores) Aclarithromycin, actinomycin, aflatoxin, azaserine, bleomycin, actinomycin C, carbofurin, erythromycin, cancer, chromomycin, dactinomycin , daunorubicin, ditoxin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, Doxorubicin (including doxorubicin morpholine, cyanomorphomycin, pyrroline doxorubicin, deoxydoxonol), epirubicin, ebisperm, idarubicin, anthracycline Drugs such as mitomycin, mycophenolic acid, nogamycin, oligomycin, pingyangmycin, berberine, puromycin,
  • daantimycin including daantimycin A; espiramycin; Car
  • the method of the invention is applicable to all of these chemotherapeutic formulations.
  • cancer is also called malignant tumor, which means that under the action of various tumorigenic factors, the cells of the local tissue lose the normal regulation of the growth and differentiation caused by the normal regulation of the growth of the cells at the genetic level.
  • the cancer is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer. At least one of them.
  • a method of treating a human cancer comprises identifying a patient having or diagnosed with cancer; obtaining an RDS value of a tumor cell or tissue in the cancer patient; and obtaining an RDS value below a predetermined threshold value Or, when falling within a predetermined interval, the DNA damage therapy is administered to the patient.
  • the method includes administering DNA damage therapy to a patient diagnosed as having a cancer and having an RDS value below a predetermined threshold value or falling within a predetermined interval.
  • the preset domain value or preset interval is obtained by using a group sample, specifically,
  • the n% confidence interval is a preset interval.
  • the N is 22.
  • the m is 25.
  • the invention also provides kits for determining RDS values from cells obtained from a patient.
  • the kit can include a carrier for the various components of the kit.
  • the carrier may be a container or support in the form of a bag, box, tube, rack, and optionally each carrier is separated from one another.
  • the carrier can choose any form of packaging for security purposes during shipping and storage.
  • the kit also includes various components that can be used in the methods of determining cancer cell RDS values described above in accordance with the present invention.
  • the kit may further comprise reagents for labeling the mRNA of the gene to be detected.
  • the kit may also include a labeling reagent comprising at least one amino-modified nucleotide, poly(A) polymerase, and poly(A) polymerase buffer.
  • the labeling reagent can include a dye that reacts with an amino group.
  • the kit comprises primers that amplify transcripts of the RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET and E2F1 genes.
  • the primer length is minimal or at most 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 , 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 , 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 , 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 , 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 120, 130, 140,
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the RAD51 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the sequences shown in Figure 13, wherein the downstream primer is at least 1 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 8, SEQ ID NO. 11, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the XRCC5 gene transcription product is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 16, SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 22, SEQ ID NO. 25, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the downstream primer is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 23, SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 29; amplifying the RIF1
  • the upstream primer of the gene transcription product is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 37, and SEQ ID NO. 40, and the downstream primer is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer for amplifying the PRRPBP gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 43 and SEQ ID NO.
  • SEQ ID NO .49 at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 52, wherein the downstream primer is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 44, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 50, and SEQ ID NO. One.
  • the kit comprises a probe that hybridizes to the RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET, and E2F1 gene transcripts.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the RAD51 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.6, SEQ ID NO.9, SEQ ID NO.12, SEQ ID NO At least one of the sequences shown in .15; the probe that hybridizes to the XRCC5 gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 18, SEQ ID NO. 21, SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. At least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 30; the probe in which the RIF1 gene transcript hybridizes is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 36, SEQ ID NO. 39, SEQ ID NO.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the PARPBP gene transcript is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 51, and SEQ ID NO. At least one of the sequences.
  • the kit comprises an antibody that selectively immunoreacts with a protein expressed by the RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET, and E2F1 genes.
  • the kit further comprises primers that amplify the transcription products of the internal reference genes CALM2, B2M, TBP and GUSB genes.
  • the upstream primer that amplifies the CALM2 gene transcription product is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 58, and SEQ ID NO. 61, and the downstream primer At least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 59, and SEQ ID NO. 62; the upstream primer for amplifying the B2M gene transcription product is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 64, SEQ ID NO .67, at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 70, wherein the downstream primer is at least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 65, SEQ ID NO. 68, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the upstream primer of the TBP gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 73, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 79, and SEQ ID NO. 82, and the downstream primer is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 74. At least one of the sequences of SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 80, and SEQ ID NO. 83; the upstream primer for amplifying the GUSB gene transcription product is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 85, SEQ ID NO .88. At least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 91, wherein the downstream primer is at least one selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 86, SEQ ID NO. 89, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the kit further comprises a probe that hybridizes to the internal reference genes CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB gene transcription products.
  • the probe that hybridizes to the CALM2 gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 60, and SEQ ID NO. 63; Said probe for hybridization of said B2M gene transcript is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 66, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 72; said hybridizing to said TBP gene transcript
  • the probe is selected from at least one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 84; the probe selected to hybridize to the GUSB gene transcript At least one of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 87, SEQ ID NO. 90, and SEQ ID NO.
  • the kit comprises an antibody that selectively immunoreacts with a protein expressed by the CALM2, B2M, TBP, and GUSB genes.
  • the probe is bound to a solid support.
  • the primers or probes in the detection kit can be labeled with any suitable detection label, including but not limited to radioisotopes, fluorescein, biotin, enzymes (eg, alkaline phosphatase), enzyme substrates, Ligands and antibodies.
  • suitable detection label including but not limited to radioisotopes, fluorescein, biotin, enzymes (eg, alkaline phosphatase), enzyme substrates, Ligands and antibodies.
  • the probes and primers contained in the kit are not labeled, but one or more markers are provided in the kit so that the user can mark them at the time of use.
  • the kit can include an antibody that is capable of selective immunoreactivity with a protein that is involved in DNA repair related gene expression. It can also be used for immunohistochemical analysis of proteins expressed in cancer tissues or cells in a patient with DNA repair-related genes.
  • the detection kit preferably includes obtaining the RDS value of the tumor cells or tissue on the patient using the kit according to the above detailed description.
  • the results can be delivered in a deliverable form that can be communicated to other researchers or doctors or genetic counselors or patients.
  • This form can vary and can be tangible or intangible.
  • the results regarding the tested RDS values can be embodied in descriptive statements, charts, photographs, charts, images or any other visual form.
  • the statements and visual forms may be recorded on tangible media such as paper, computer readable media (eg, floppy disks, optical disks, etc.), or on intangible media, such as electronic media in the form of an e-mail or a website or intranet on the Internet.
  • test results can be received and/or input into a computer system and processed by a computer program product in the computer system, such as in a hospital or clinic.
  • RDS accurately predicts the sensitivity of DNA damage therapy, which is related to the degree of tumor cell genome instability and provides valuable information that is not available with existing diagnostic methods.
  • RDS is a novel scoring system that predicts the choice of DSB repair pathways by quantifying the expression levels of four genes.
  • the mRNA expression level of a DNA repair-related gene in a cancer cell line is compared with the sensitivity of a DNA damage agent.
  • This identified gene expression scoring system is called RDS and is inversely related to the level of DNA repair gene expression.
  • Low RDS scores identify HR-deficient tumors while being hypersensitive to specific DNA damage therapies.
  • DMEM medium Hyclone
  • MEM medium Gibco
  • F12-K medium Gibco
  • DMEM/F12 medium Gibco
  • L-15 medium Hyclone
  • IMDM culture Hyclone non-essential amino acid (Gibco), sodium pyruvate (Gibco), insulin-transferrin-selenium additive (ITS-G, Shanghai Yuanpei), fetal bovine serum (Sijiqing), trypsin digest (Jiangsu Kaiji Bio), CellTiter AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega), 96-well cell culture plate (Corning, Cat. No.
  • Cisplatin Sigma, Cat. No. P4394
  • Olaparib Selleck, Cat. No. S1060
  • Topotecan hydrochloride hydrate Sigma, Cat. No. T2705
  • Paclitaxel Dalian Meilun, item number MB1178.
  • the 96-well plates were placed in a CO 2 incubator for 72 hours, and the morphology and density of the cells were observed.
  • the tonic treatment was required.
  • the culture time is between 72h and 216h, and most of the cell culture time is between 144h and 168h.
  • the 96-well plate is removed, and 90 ⁇ L of the medium and 10 ⁇ L of CellTiter are added to each well.
  • AQueous One Solution Reagent after incubation for 1-4 h in a CO 2 incubator, the 96-well plate was placed on a microplate reader, and the absorbance (OD) value of each well was measured at 492 nm.
  • DNA repair-related genes namely RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET and E2F1 genes.
  • RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET and E2F1 genes were selected.
  • RIF1, PARPBP, PARP1, BRCA1, C-MET and E2F1 genes were selected.
  • CALM2, B2M, TBP and GUSB genes were selected.
  • AxyPrep total RNA miniprep kit (axygen, article number: AP-MN-MS-RNA-50G);
  • RT-qPCR kit TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (thermo fisher, Cat. No. 4444432)
  • RNA samples were obtained from cell lines that were simultaneously tested for drug susceptibility, and total cellular RNA was extracted using the axygen kit.
  • Target gene and internal reference gene Two different types of fluorescent probes, FAM and VIC, were used to construct a double RT-qPCR reaction system;
  • test samples correspond to cell lines that have undergone drug susceptibility testing, and each gene is tested using the same reagents and instruments between different samples, and the set thresholds are also consistent.
  • the experimental results are listed below:
  • the average of the CT values of the four internal reference genes was first calculated, and then the average value was subtracted from the CT values of the RAD51, XRCC5, RIF1, and PARPBP genes to obtain the ⁇ CT values of the four genes.
  • the same method yielded ⁇ CT values for 4 genes in all cell lines.
  • the Z value of each gene (the ⁇ CT value of the gene - the average of the gene ⁇ CT) / the variance of the gene ⁇ CT value
  • the cell RDS value is the sum of the Z values of all four genes Negative.
  • the cell line sensitive to DNA damage drugs had a lower RDS value.
  • the RDS value of the tumor cell line was not significantly different whether it was sensitive or not, further confirming that the RDS value can guide Treatment of cancer.
  • the inventors collected 300 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue specimens from patients with invasive breast cancer.
  • ER/PR IHC test was 0 and HER2IHC 0-1 or FISH ⁇ 2.0 breast cancer.
  • 150 patients included platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 50 patients with complete pathological remission (pCR or Miller-Payne grade 5); 150 patients with ACT neoadjuvant chemotherapy, of which 50 patients achieved complete pathological remission .
  • Wax blocks were derived from invasive breast cancer patients who underwent total mastectomy, did not receive radiotherapy, and had complete pathology diagnostic data, including HE and IHC4 staining results and 5 years of complete follow-up data.
  • the wax block should not be sliced too many times, and at least 6 pieces of 10 ⁇ m thick slices can be produced.
  • Wax samples have IHC test results and FISH results (for HER2IHC 2)
  • Wax block storage time is too long (>10 years)
  • the tumor tissue content was too small (20%).
  • the collection range was determined according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, and patient information, pathological diagnosis, and survival data were collected. Finally, 128 samples were selected.
  • RNA samples were subjected to RNA extraction purification and assayed for RNA concentration and purity. If the quality of the RNA meets the criteria, proceed to the next step, otherwise the sample will be rejected. If the test is performed on the same day, the RNA sample can be stored at 2-8 ° C, otherwise the RNA sample needs to be stored at -80 ° C.
  • Primers and probes were designed based on the gene sequence using primer design tools, and RNA samples were detected by real-time PCR to calculate the Z value of each candidate gene.
  • Breast cancer RDS score predicts pCR:RDS/breast cancer RDS as a continuous variable and performs linear regression analysis to assess its association with pCR.
  • pCR-1 P-M grade 5
  • pCR-2 P-M grade 5 + lymph node-free tumor cells.
  • Figure 2 shows the genes z-G1 (RAD51), z-G2 (XRCC5), z-G3 (RTF1), z-G4 (PARPBP), z-G5 (PARP1), z-G6 (BRCA1), z- Box plot of G10 (c-Met), z-G11 (E2F1) gene expression levels at different PM fractions.
  • z-G1, z-G2, z-G3, z-G5, and z-G6 gene levels were statistically different under different P-M grades (Table 16).
  • the variables originally included in the model were: z-G1 (RAD51), z-G2 (XRCC5), z-G3 (RTF1), z-G4 (PARPBP), z-G5 (PARP1), z-G6 (BRCA1) , z-G10 (c-Met), z-G11 (E2F1), age.
  • z-G1 RAD51
  • z-G2 XRCC5
  • RDF1 z-G4
  • PARPBP z-G5
  • PARP1 z-G6
  • BRCA1 z-G10
  • E2F1 z-G11
  • age Considering other pathological features, such as TNM staging, Grade grading, pathological type and other defects are more serious, limited by the sample size, not included in the model; at the same time, this experiment is only for triple-negative breast cancer, ER, PR, and HER2 state is fixed, Therefore, only the age and the expression level of each gene are included.
  • the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the model are the highest. If the variable with the standardized importance score ⁇ 20 is removed, the variable that is finally included in the random forest model has only 3 genes: z.G1, z.G2, z.G6. In order to increase the prediction accuracy, the variables with the importance score ⁇ 10 can be removed, and the variables included in the random forest model are z.G1, z.G2, z.G4, z.G5, and z.G6.
  • the model accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, etc. are higher at various scales of the training set and the test set, so the gene weight coefficients under each model can be calculated.
  • the calculation principle of the weight coefficient is: according to the model, the importance score of each variable is obtained (unscaled, if normalized, the lowest importance variable score is 0, the weight coefficient cannot be calculated), and the final weight is made according to the importance ratio.
  • the coefficient sum is 1, and considering that the genes of G2, G5, and G4 are positively correlated with the PM classification, and the weight coefficient needs to be changed to a negative number.
  • the split ratio of the training set and the test set is 5:5 and 7:3, the sensitivity of the model is higher, so the gene weight coefficient under the model can be calculated.
  • the calculation principle of the weight coefficient is consistent with the above. In general, the prediction accuracy, sensitivity, etc. of models incorporating only three gene levels are lower than those of the five gene levels.
  • the established RDS needs to be multiplied by -1 to ensure that the RDS and each gene are negatively correlated with PM, and vice versa.
  • Test Set 5:5
  • RDS 1 -1*(1.9078423*z.G2-1.4464863*z.G6-0.9410212*z.G1+0.9004490*z.G4+0.5792162*z.G5)
  • Test Set 6:4
  • RDS 2 -1*(1.8206667*z.G2-1.2053798*z.G6-0.8562682*z.G1+0.6713876*z.G4+0.5695937*z.G5)
  • Test Set 7:3
  • RDS 3 -1*(2.9992700*z.G2-2.9277882*z.G6-2.4133121*z.G1+1.8874888*z.G4+1.4543415*z.G5)
  • Test Set 8:2
  • RDS 4 -1*(3.4459578*z.G2-3.1328142*z.G6-2.7960688*z.G1+1.6877616*z.G4+1.7951636*z.G5)
  • Test Set 9:1
  • RDS 5 -1*(2.0106046*z.G2-1.6125061*z.G6-1.5976511*z.G1+1.1222873*z.G4+1.0772653*z.G5)
  • Test Set 5:5
  • RDS 6 1.8680589*z.G6-2.1358314*z.G2+1.2677725*z.G1
  • Test Set 7:3
  • RDS 7 1.2744411*z.G6-1.3606527*z.G2+1.0862116*z.G1
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 1 1.503 (1.262-1.789) ⁇ 0.001 70.3 5.183 (0.738) Age 1.009 (0.973-1.045) 0.635
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 2 1.586 (1.306-1.926) ⁇ 0.001 71.1 8.171 (0.417) Age 1.008 (0.973-1.045) 0.644
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 3 1.586 (1.306-1.926) ⁇ 0.001 71.1 11.002 (0.202) Age 1.008 (0.973-1.045) 0.644
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 4 1.244 (1.136-1.362) ⁇ 0.001 71.9 8.152 (0.419) Age 1.010 (0.974-1.047) 0.594
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 5 1.433 (1.232-1.668) ⁇ 0.001 69.5 6.623 (0.578) Age 1.010 (0.974-1.047) 0.594
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 6 1.565 (1.300-1.883) ⁇ 0.001 72.7 12.278 (0.139) Age 1.004 (0.968-1.041) 0.849
  • variable Advantage rate (95% CI)
  • P Accuracy Hosmer-Lemeshow test [ ⁇ 2(P)] RDS 7 1.917 (1.465-2.509) ⁇ 0.001 73.4 6.034 (0.643)
  • variable Mean Standard deviation P 50 (P 25 , P 75 ) RDS 1 -0.008615738 -0.702159416 -0.702 (-2.488, 2060) RDS 2 -0.007996746 -0.605954413 -0.606 (-2.300, 1.845) RDS 3 -0.012426881 -1.257691228 -1.258 (-4.577, 3.727) RDS 4 -0.012284822 -1.624126638 -1.624 (-5.049, 4.157) RDS 5 -0.009779668 -0.865191444 -0.865 (-3.038, 2.385) RPS 6 0.002971957 -0.660292689 -0.660 (-2.721, 1.678) RPS 7 0.003286237 -0.541729238 -0.542 (-1.897, 0.955)
  • the variables initially included in the random forest model are still z-G1, z-G2, z-G3, z-G4, z-G5, z-G6, z-G10, z-G11, age.
  • the gene weight coefficients under each model can be calculated.
  • the calculation principle of the weight coefficient is: according to the model, the importance score of each variable is obtained (unscaled, if normalized, the lowest importance variable score is 0, the weight coefficient cannot be calculated), and the final weight is made according to the importance ratio.
  • the coefficient sum is 1, and considering that the G2 and G5 genes are positively correlated with the PM grading, the weight coefficient needs to be changed to a negative number to ensure that all genes are negatively correlated with the PM grading.
  • the established RDS needs to be multiplied by -1 to ensure that the RDS and each gene are negatively correlated with P-M, and vice versa.
  • Test Set 5:5
  • RDS 8 1.4939660*z.G6-1.7869991*z.G2-1.3444708*z.G5+1.5506891*z.G1+1.0868148*z.G10
  • Test Set 6:4
  • RDS 9 1.6586976*z.G6-2.1714242*z.G2-1.6861369*z.G5+1.8668920*z.G1+ 1.3319715*z.G10
  • Test Set 8:2
  • RDS 10 1.9931659*z.G6-2.1128981*z.G2-1.4465384*z.G5+1.3497325*z.G1+1.2165381*z.G10
  • Test Set 9:1
  • RDS 11 1.4318830*z.G6-1.6731665*z.G2+1.3010898*z.G1-1.1388590*z.G5+1.0790527*z.G10
  • the RDS 9 and RDS 11 models have the highest accuracy, and the area under the RDS 8 curve has the largest AUC.
  • variable Mean Standard deviation P50 P25, P75
  • RDS 8 0.023608545 4.308 -0.652 (-2.679, 1.604)
  • RDS 9 0.026666982 5.139 -0.791 (-3.104, 1.743)
  • RDS 10 0.027362254 4.932 -1.066 (-3.130, 1.912)
  • RDS 11 0.021913723 3.989 -0.696 (-2.427, 1.438)

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Abstract

提供一种治疗人类癌症的方法,其包括预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性;以及向癌症患者施用DNA损伤疗法。此外,还提供了用于实施上述方法的试剂盒。

Description

DNA重组修复功能评分RDS在癌症治疗中的用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种癌症治疗领域,具体地,涉及一种治疗人类癌症的方法,包括:预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性;以及向癌症患者施用DNA损伤疗法。此外,还涉及一种用于实施上述方法的试剂盒。
背景技术
同源重组(HR)和非同源末端连接(NHEJ)是修复某些癌症治疗方式产生的双链DNA断裂(DSB)的竞争途径。HR还提供其他功能,例如促进细胞耐受可以破坏DNA复制叉的DNA损伤药物(Thompson,et al.,2001)。HR和NHEJ都可以通过补充上游感应/效应蛋白来促进DNA修复。HR途径通过鉴定一段同源DNA并通过从该同源DNA模板复制来催化DSB修复,而NHEJ通过对DSB末端进行加工和重新连接来修复DSB。
当面对DSB,细胞决定是否使用HR或NHEJ受到细胞周期阶段的影响。在细胞周期的G O-G 1阶段,NHEJ是主要的修复途径,而HR通常在细胞周期的S和G 2期间发生。这种修复的调节主要由BRCA1和53BP1蛋白质决定,这些蛋白质竞争DSB位置的占用。与Rif1协同的53BP1的稳定性导致BRCA1蛋白被排斥在修复途径之外,DSB则通过NHEJ进行修复。相反,如果53BP1被排斥在修复途径之外,则DSB通过HR修复。在这种情况下,DSB末端被处理成HR底物,其涉及5'至3'核酸酶活性。该末端处理过程被包含如CtIP,BRCA1和MRN(Mre11/RAD50/NBS1)复合物的若干个蛋白促进。核酸酶活性也由Mre11和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2的相互作用特异性引发,从而优先在处于S-G 2周期的细胞中促进CtIP的磷酸化。类似的,在DNA复制前,如果干扰复制的损伤不能妥善地修复,突变可能会出现。在这种情况下,这些损伤可能促使同源-介导聚合酶模板转换(Malkova,et al.,2012)。
这些修复过程的机能对致癌和恶性肿瘤进展有着重要的意义。和同源重组(HR)一样,非同源末端连接(NHEJ)的标准途径被认为能高保真地修复DNA (Arlt,et al.,2012;Guirouilh-Barbat,et al.,2004)。然而,一些双链DNA断裂(DSBs)在微同源-介导末端连接或者单链退火加工重连前经历了大量地降解,这都将导致缺失突变(Guirouilh-Barbat,et al.,2004;Bennardo,et al.,2008)。
在癌症患者治疗过程中,这些修复进程的细胞机能将直接影响肿瘤的响应能力。最典型的例子是HR-缺陷的肿瘤对PARP抑制剂(Bryant,et al.,2004;Farmer,et al.,2004;O’Shaughnessy,et al.,2011)或铂类化疗(Edwards,et al.,2008;Sakai,et al.,2008)超敏。但目前,能从人体肿瘤活检样本中测试同源重组(HR)能力的可行方法是有限的(Willers,et al.,2009;Birkelbach,et al.,2013)。从临床样本中检测非同源末端连接(NHEJ)的方法也是有限的。一些研究显示,肿瘤中双链DNA断裂重连率已经可以测量(例如H2AX磷酸化动力),并且快速双链DNA断裂重连可能预测出人类肿瘤对放射治疗和一些化疗药物的耐受性(reviewed in Redon,et al.,2012)。但是,单一一种能成功预测同源重组(HR)和非同源末端连接(NHEJ)相关效能的方法仍被需要。
因此,携带无效的无错误的DNA修复机制的肿瘤可能表现出更大的基因组不稳定性,其预期将驱动恶性进展并产生更具侵略性的肿瘤表型。由于遗传不稳定性可能表明恶性表型如转移性的倾向更大,因此,将预测人类肿瘤活检组织无差错修复能力作为预后指标的方法可能在临床肿瘤学中具有广泛的应用。这些修复过程的细胞效率也可以直接影响癌症患者治疗期间的肿瘤反应性。另外,成功量化修复功能的方法可能在临床肿瘤学中具有重要应用,因为它将预测肿瘤对特定治疗方法的敏感性。
三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)是乳腺癌中一个独特的亚型,约占所有乳腺癌的15%-20%。根据美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)/美国病理医师协会(CAP)指南,目前TNBC的定义为ER/PR免疫组化(IHC)检测为0且HER2IHC 0-1或FISH<2.0。
早期TNBC相比其他亚型更容易出现远处转移,5年生存也更差。TNBC的复发风险在3年时达到峰值,3年后下降,而非三阴性乳腺癌的复发风险在3年内较低,并在此后保持这一复发风险。早期TNBC复发的原因很大程度上是由于残留疾病的存在,即无法达到病理完全缓解(pathologic complete response, pCR),而达到pCR的TNBC患者与其他亚型乳腺癌患者预后相当,因此亟需寻求有效的治疗来提高pCR并改善预后。
现有的TNBC新辅助治疗方案与非TNBC相似,包括蒽环类、紫杉类、环磷酰胺等及其组合。在CALGB 40603研究中,联合卡铂能够提高乳腺pCR率(60%vs 44%,P=0.0018)和乳腺/腋窝pCR率(54%vs 41%,P=0.0029)。表明铂类等DNA损伤类药物有可能是TNBC患者新辅助治疗的一种新选择,但尚需选择合适的患者。
发明内容
发明人意外地发现,重组能力评分(RDS)与对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性有关,RDS越低,癌症者细胞对DNA损伤疗法越敏感,相反,RDS越高,癌症者细胞对DNA损伤疗法越不敏感。
因此,本发明一方面提供了一种治疗人类癌症的方法,包括:预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性;以及向癌症患者施用DNA损伤疗法,其中,所述预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性是指获得所述肿瘤细胞或组织的DNA重组功能评分(RDS)值,所述RDS值是基于测定DNA修复相关基因的表达水平计算得到的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述DNA损伤疗法选自DNA损伤放疗方法或DNA损伤放疗方法中的至少1个。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述DNA损伤化疗方法是指施用治疗有效量的化疗制剂。
在本文明的具体实施方案中,所述铂类化合物为顺氯氨铂(cisplatin)或顺羧酸铂(carboplatin)。
在本文明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA交联剂为顺铂。
在本文明的具体实施方案中,所述拓扑异构酶抑制剂为伊立替康(irhibitor)或拓扑替康(topotecan)。
在本文明的具体实施方案中,PARP抑制剂是奥拉帕尼。
在本文明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA损伤放疗方法是指施用医学上可承受的放射线。
在本发明中,所述DNA修复相关基因包括同源重组(HR)基因或非同源末端连接(NHEJ)基因中的至少1个。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、c-Met和E2F1中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或9个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARPBP。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARP1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51和XRCC5。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和PRABP5。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1和PARPBP。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5、PARP1和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met。
在本发明中,所述RDS值是通过以下步骤计算得到的:
(1)将DNA修复相关基因的表达水平减去该基因在群体中表达水平的平 均值,再除以该基因在群体中表达水平的标准差,得到该基因的Z值;
(2)重复步骤(1),得到所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值。
(3)将所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值乘以各自的权重然后相加,即得到RDS值。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,DNA修复相关基因的权重均为1。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,DNA修复相关基因的权重利用随机森林模型确定。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,优选地,得到的RDS乘以-1。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为1.2677725、-2.1358314和1.8680589,RDS值为:
RDS=1.8680589×Z BRCA1-2.1358314×Z XRCC5+1.2677725×Z RAD51
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为1.0862116、-1.3606527和1.2744411,RDS值为:
RDS=1.2744411×Z BRCA1-1.3606527×Z XRCC5+1.0862116×Z RAD51
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARPBP、PARP1和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARPBP、Z PARP1和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为-0.9410212、1.9078423、1.2744411、0.5792162和-1.4464863,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(1.9078423×Z XRCC5-1.4464863×Z BRCA1-0.9410212×Z RAD51+0.9004490×Z PARPBP+0.5792162×Z PARP1)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARPBP、PARP1和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARPBP、Z PARP1和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为-0.8562682、1.8206667、0.6713876、0.5695937和-1.2053798,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(1.8206667×Z XRCC5-1.20537983×Z BRCA1-0.8562682×Z RAD51+0.6713876×Z PARPBP+0.5695937×Z PARP1)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARPBP、PARP1和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARPBP、Z PARP1和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为-0.8562682、2.9992700、1.8874888、1.4543415和-2.9277882,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(2.9992700×Z XRCC5-2.9277882×Z BRCA1-0.8562682×Z RAD51+1.8874888×Z PARPBP+1.4543415×Z PARP1)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARPBP、PARP1和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARPBP、Z PARP1和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为-2.7960688、3.4459578、1.6877616、1.7951636和-3.1328142,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(3.4459578×Z XRCC5-3.1328142×Z BRCA1-2.7960688×Z RAD51+1.6877616×Z PARPBP+1.7951636×Z PARP1)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARPBP、PARP1和BRCA1,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARPBP、Z PARP1和Z BRCA1,相应的权重分别为-1.5976511、2.0106046、1.1222873、1.0772653和-1.6125061,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(2.0106046×Z XRCC5-1.6125061×Z BRCA1-1.5976511×Z RAD51+1.1222873×Z PARPBP+1.0772653×Z PARP1)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARP1、Z BRCA1和Z c-Met,相应的权重分别为1.5506891、-1.7869991、-1.3444708、1.4939660和1.0868148,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(1.4939660×Z BRCA1-1.7869991×Z XRCC5-1.3444708×Z PARP1+1.5506891×Z RAD51+1.0868148×Z c-Met)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARP1、Z BRCA1和Z c-Met,相应的权重分别为1.8668920、-2.1714242、-1.6861369、1.6586976和1.3319715,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(1.6586976×Z BRCA1-2.1714242×Z XRCC5-1.6861369×Z PARP1+1.8668920×Z RAD51+1.3319715×Z c-Met)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARP1、Z BRCA1和Z c-Met,相应的权重分别为1.3497325、-2.1128981、-1.4465384、1.9931659和1.2165381,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(1.9931659×Z BRCA1-2.1128981×Z XRCC5-1.4465384×Z PARP1+1.3497325×Z RAD51+1.2165381×Z c-Met)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met,相应的Z值分别为Z RAD51、Z XRCC5、Z PARP1、Z BRCA1和Z c-Met,相应的权重分别为1.3010898、-1.6731665、-1.1388590、1.4318830和1.0790527,RDS值为:
RDS=-1×(1.4318830×Z BRCA1-1.6731665×Z XRCC5-1.1388590×Z PARP1+1.3010898×Z RAD51+1.0790527×Z c-Met)。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因的表达水平是指相对于内参基因的表达水平的相对表达水平。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述相对表达水平是指DNA修复基因的表达水平减去内参基因的表达水平。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,所述内参基因的表达水平是指各内参基因表达水平的平均值。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述癌症为选自胰腺癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、非小细胞肺鳞癌、食道癌、***癌中的至少1个。
在本发明的其它优选实施方案中,如果在RDS值低于预设域值或者落入预 设区间时,向患者施用DNA损伤疗法。
在本发明中,所述预设域值或预设区间是通过群体样本获得的,具体地,
(1)鉴定出N个患有癌症的患者;
(2)测定癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对特定DNA损伤疗法的敏感性,敏感性最高的m%的样本被认为是敏感样本;
(3)获得经过敏感性测定的肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值,敏感样本中RDS值的最高值或平均值或中值或其他具有区分意义的值作为预设域值,敏感样本中RDS值的n%置信区间为预设区间。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述N为至少20、30、50、100或更大。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述m为1-50。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述m为10、15、25、30、40、50中的一种。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述n为80-99。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述n为95。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述基因的表达水平是利用核酸杂交/扩增的方法得到的。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述基因的表达水平是利用FISH或CISH或RNA测序或微陈列的方法得到的。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述基因的表达水平是利用定量PCR的方法得到的。
在本发明的实施方案中,在所述施用DNA损伤疗法之前或之后进行所述获得RDS值。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因的表达水平是指DNA修复相关基因表达的蛋白水平。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述基因的表达水平是利用IHC或ELISA或蛋白质印迹或蛋白质微阵列的方法得到的。
本发明的另一方面还提供一种诊断试剂盒,其特征在于,包含扩增DNA修复相关基因的转录产物的引物或与DNA修复相关基因的转录产物杂交的探针,或与DNA修复相关基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1中的至少1个。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,扩增所述RAD51基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.4、SEQ ID NO.7、SEQ ID NO.10、SEQ ID NO.13所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.5、SEQ IDNO.8、SEQ ID NO.11、SEQ ID NO.14所示序列中的至少1个。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,扩增所述XRCC5基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.16、SEQ ID NO.19、SEQ ID NO.22、SEQ ID NO.25、SEQ IDNO.28所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.17、SEQ ID NO.20、SEQ ID NO.23、SEQ ID NO.26、SEQ ID NO.29所示序列中的至少1个。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,扩增所述RIF1基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.31、SEQ ID NO.34、SEQ ID NO.37、SEQ ID NO.40所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.32、SEQ ID NO.35、SEQ ID NO.38、SEQ ID NO.41所示序列中的至少1个。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,扩增所述PARPBP基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.43、SEQ ID NO.46、SEQ ID NO.49、SEQ ID NO.52所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.44、SEQ ID NO.47、SEQ ID NO.50、SEQ ID NO.53所示序列中的至少1个。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,还包括扩增内参基因转录产物的引物或与内能基因转录产物杂交的探针,或与内参基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在另一实施方案中,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
在另一具体实施方案中,与所述RAD51基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.6、SEQ ID NO.9、SEQ ID NO.12、SEQ ID NO.15所示序列中的至少1个。
在另一具体实施方案中,与所述XRCC5基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.18、SEQ ID NO.21、SEQ ID NO.24、SEQ ID NO.26、SEQ ID NO. 30所示序列中的至少1个。
在另一具体实施方案中,所述RIF1基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.36、SEQ ID NO.39、SEQ ID NO.42所示序列中的至少1个。
在另一具体实施方案中,与所述PARPBP基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.45、SEQ ID NO.48、SEQ ID NO.51、SEQ ID NO.54所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它具体实施方案中,所述试剂盒包括与RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在其它实施方案中,所述试剂盒还包括扩增内参基因转录产物引物或与内参基因转录产物杂交的探针,或与内参基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在其它实施方案中,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,扩增所述CALM2基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.55、SEQ ID NO.58、SEQ ID NO.61所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.56、SEQ ID NO.59、SEQ ID NO.62所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,扩增所述B2M基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.64、SEQ ID NO.67、SEQ ID NO.70所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.65、SEQ ID NO.68、SEQ ID NO.71所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,扩增所述TBP基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.73、SEQ ID NO.76、SEQ ID NO.79、SEQ ID NO.82所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.74、SEQ ID NO.77、SEQ ID NO.80、SEQID NO.83所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,扩增所述GUSB基因转录产物的上游引物选 自SEQ ID NO.85、SEQ ID NO.88、SEQ ID NO.91所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.86、SEQ ID NO.89、SEQ ID NO.92所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它实施方案中,所述试剂盒还包括与内参基因CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB基因转录产物杂交的探针。
在其它具体实施方案中,与所述CALM2基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.57、SEQ ID NO.60、SEQ ID NO.63所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,与所述B2M基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.66、SEQ ID NO.69、SEQ ID NO.72所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,与所述TBP基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.75、SEQ ID NO.78、SEQ ID NO.81、SEQ ID NO.84所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,与所述GUSB基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.87、SEQ ID NO.90、SEQ ID NO.93所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它具体实施方案中,所述试剂盒包括与CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在其它实施方案中,探针结合在固体支持物上。
在上述实施方案中,检测试剂盒中的引物或探针可用任何合适的检测标记进行标记,包括但不限于放射性同位素,荧光素,生物素,酶(例如碱性磷酸酶),酶底物,配体和抗体等。
在本申请中,术语“关于”被用于表示一些数值包括检测或定量方法的内在误差。
在与术语“包括”连接用词“一”或“一个”可能表示的“一”,但也可能表示‘一或更多’,‘至少一’,或者‘一及一以上’。
用词“包括”(任何形式的包括,例如“包含”和“涵盖”),“有”(任何形式的有,例如“含”,“涵”),“包含”(任何形式的包含,例如“涉及”,“包括”)或者“包涵”(和任何形式的包涵,例如“包涵”,“涵盖”)都是涵盖其中或者是无限制的,不排除另外未详尽的因素或方式步骤。
这些组合物和方法用于“包含”,“基本上含有”,或“包括”任何在说明书中公开的处方和步骤。这些组合物和方法“基本含有”的任何一种公开的处方或步骤,限制实质上不影响发明权利的实用性和新颖性的,指定材料或者步骤的权利要求范围。
在说明书中讨论的任何实施案例,可根据本发明的任何方法和化合物进行实施,反之亦然。另外,发明的组合物能被用于获取发明方法。
通过结合下面附图对本发明进行的详细描述,本发明的前述和其它优点和特征以及其实现方式将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1显示了对不同细胞系对不同药物敏感性与RDS值的关系。
图2显示了候选基因在不同P-M分级下基因表达水平的箱线图:A:z-G1(RAD51)、B:z-G2(XRCC5)、C:z-G3(RTF1)、D:z-G4(PARPBP)、E:z-G5(PARP1)、F:z-G6(BRCA1)、G:z-G10(c-Met)、H:z-G11(E2F1)。
图3显示了RDS 1回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.782。
图4显示了RDS 2回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.787。
图5显示了RDS 3回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.788。
图6显示了RDS 4回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.800。
图7显示了RDS 5回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.788。
图8显示了RDS 6回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.814。
图9显示了RDS 7回归预测pCR-1的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.813。
图10显示了RDS 8回归预测pCR-2的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.780。
图11显示了RDS 9回归预测pCR-2的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.778。
图12显示了RDS 10回归预测pCR-2的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.779。
图13显示了RDS 11回归预测pCR-2的风险的ROC曲线图,曲线下面积AUC为0.779。
具体实施方式
迄今为止,癌症中仍然缺少合适的“可药用”靶标,并且对于特定癌症的某个亚型缺少有效的靶向治疗。发明人通过建立DNA重组修复功能评分(RDS)***,惊奇地发现,一些癌症细胞的RDS值较低,而另外一些癌症细胞的RDS值较高。发明人进一步惊奇地发现,RDS值较低的细胞对DNA损伤疗法更敏感,而RDS值较高的细胞对DNA损伤疗法不敏感。
1.RDS值
在一些实施方案中,RDS值可以根据DNA修复相关基因的表达水平来获得。
在具体实施方案中,RDS值是通过以下步骤计算得到的:
(1)将DNA修复相关基因的表达水平减去该基因在群体中表达水平的平均值,再除以该基因在群体中表达水平的标准差,得到该基因的Z值;
(2)重复步骤(1),得到所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值。
(3)将所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值乘以各自的权重然后相加,即得到RDS值。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,DNA修复相关基因的权重均为1。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,DNA修复相关基因的权重利用随机森林模型确定。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,优选地,得到的RDS乘以-1。
在一些实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因包括同源重组(HR)基因或非同源末端连接(NHEJ)基因中的至少1种。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、c-Met和E2F1中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为选自RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met中的至少一个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARPBP。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARP1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51和XRCC5。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和PRABP5。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1和PARPBP。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5、PARP1和BRCA1。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述DNA修复相关基因的表达水平是指相对于内参基因的表达水平的相对表达水平。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述相对表达水平是指DNA修复基因的表达水平减去内参基因的表达水平。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,所述内参基因的表达水平是指各内参基因表达水平的平均值。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
适用于检测细胞样品中基因表达水平的各种技术是已知的,如荧光原位杂交(FISH)、显色原位杂交(CISH)和实时定量PCR(real-time PCR)。
在本发明的实施方案中,利用实时定量PCR或qPCR对基因表达进行检测。待测定的目标DNA可以通过例如常规技术如TaqMan,Scorpion,分子标记进行实时PCR扩增,并且扩增的DNA产物的量可以通过非序列特异性荧光染料(例如SybrGreen),或标记的探针如TaqMan探针、FRET探针和分子标记进行检测。对于表达量分析,如本领域已知的,内源持家基因可用作参考。定量实时PCR特别适用于测定细胞或组织样品中的基因的mRNA水平,在这种情况下,mRNA首先被逆转录成cDNA,然后通过使用特异性寡核苷酸PCR引物进行PCR扩增。该qRT-PCR方法是本领域公知的。
为了检测癌细胞或组织样品中的基因的蛋白表达,可以将用于测量细胞或组织样品中的蛋白质水平的任何已知方法用于本发明。这些方法的实例包括但不限于免疫组化(IHC),ELISA,蛋白质印迹,蛋白质微阵列等。通常,在与基因的免疫反应的条件下,将与蛋白特异性免疫反应的抗体与细胞或组织样品接触,测量样品中的蛋白质和结合的抗体的量。在IHC分析中,通常可以使用FFPE肿瘤样品。对于ELISA,Western印迹和蛋白质微阵列分析,样品可以是FFPE样品或新鲜冷冻样品,并且优选在与抗体接触之前均质化并提取,如本领域通常已知的。
在优选实施方案中,通过原位杂交(FISH)分析或实时定量PCR测定从患者获得癌细胞中的RDS值。
在其它优选实施方案中,通过qRT-PCR测定从患者获得的癌细胞中的RDS值。
2.RDS功能
本发明一方面,RDS可以提供一种治疗人类癌症的方法,包括:预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性;以及向癌症患者施用DNA损伤疗法,其中,所述预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性是指获得所述肿瘤细胞或组织的DNA重组功能评分(RDS)值。RDS值的大小可以用于指导癌症患者的治疗。具体而言,仅在获得的RDS值低于预设域值或者落入预设区间时施用治疗有效量的DNA损伤药物或者施用DNA损伤疗法。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,治疗人类癌症的方法包括鉴定患有或诊断患有癌症的患者;获得癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值;以及向患者施用DNA损伤疗法。
本领域已知DNA损伤疗法选自DNA损伤放疗方法或DNA损伤放疗方法中的至少1个。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述DNA损伤化疗方法是指施用治疗有效量的化疗制剂。
在具体实施方案中,化疗制剂可能是铂类化合物,如顺氯氨铂(cisplatin)、顺羧酸铂(carboplatin)、奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)、沙铂(satraplatin)、吡铂(picoplatin)、奈达铂(nedaplatin)、Triplatin、Lipoplatin、或者顺氯氨铂脂质体。
在具体实施方案中,化疗制剂可能是一种DNA交联剂。被用于化疗的烷化物制剂如1,3-二(2-氯仿)-1-亚硝基脲(BCNU,洋红))和氮芥,能交叉连接DNA互补链的鸟嘌呤的N7位,形成链间交联。顺铂(顺二氨二氯铂II)和其衍生形式DNA交联作为一种单加成链间交联,间交联或DNA蛋白交联。大部分这作用在鸟嘌呤邻N7位形成1,2链间交联。
在进一步实施方案中,化疗制剂可能是拓扑异构酶抑制剂。拓扑异构酶抑制剂是影响两种酶活性的药物:拓扑异构酶I和拓扑异构酶II。当DNA双螺旋被展开,在DNA复制和转录过程中,例如,相邻未展开的DNA缠绕紧密(超螺旋),像打开中部的扭曲链。这种效力引起的压力一部分是拓扑异构酶协助完成的。 它们使DNA上产生单链或双链损伤,减少DNA链的张力。这使DNA在复制和转录过程中正常地发生解旋。拓扑异构酶I或II的抑制剂干扰了这两个进程。两种拓扑异构酶I抑制剂,伊立替康和托泊替康,是从喜树碱中半合成地衍生来的,从中国观赏树喜树得来的。拓扑异构酶II靶向药品可分为两类。拓扑异构酶II毒性导致结合DNA的酶水平增加。它能妨碍DNA翻译和转录,引起DNA链断裂,导致细胞程序性死亡(细胞凋亡)。这些制剂包括依托泊苷,多柔比星,米托蒽醌,替尼泊苷。第二类,催化抑制剂,是使拓扑异构酶II失活的药物,因此阻碍DNA合成和转录因为DNA不能正常解旋。这类药物包括新生霉素,硫巴比妥苯胺和阿柔比星,另有别的显著作用机制。
在进一步实施方案中,化疗制剂可能是PARP抑制剂。在此被用于“PARP抑制剂”(例如聚ADP多糖聚合酶)应为一种抑制PARP多于其他聚合酶的制剂。在一个实施案例中,PARP抑制剂抑制PARP至少两倍于其他任何聚合酶。在另一些实施方案中,PARP抑制剂抑制PARP至少十倍于抑制其他任何聚合酶。在第三种实施方案中,PARP抑制剂抑制PARP多于抑制任何其他酶。在一个特殊实施案例中,PARP抑制剂是奥拉帕尼、rucaparib、veliparib、CEP 9722、MK 4827、BMN-673、3-氨基苯甲酰胺、四环素化合物、4所述-氢氧喹唑啉及其衍生物、和羧基氨基-苯并咪唑及其衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,化疗制剂是任何一种(和选自某些实施方案中包含的制剂)烷基化物制剂例如硫替派和
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000001
环磷酰胺、烷基磺酸盐例如白消安、英丙舒凡和哌泊舒凡;氮丙啶类例如苯佐替派、卡巴、美妥替哌和乌瑞替派;氮丙啶和甲基蜜胺类包括六甲蜜胺、三乙撑密胺、三乙撑硫化磷酰胺和三羟甲基三聚氰胺;δ-9-四氢***酚(屈***酚,
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000002
);β-帕拉酮;拉伯醇;白桦脂酸;喜树碱(合成类似物托泊替康
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000003
,cpt-11(抑制剂,
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000004
),乙酰喜树碱,东莨菪素,和9-氨基喜树碱);总草苔;海绵他汀;CC-1065(包括他的阿多来新,卡折来新和比折来新合成类似物);鬼臼青素;鬼曰毒酸;替尼泊苷;卡着来新(尤其是卡着来新1和卡着来新8);多拉斯他汀;多卡米星(包括合成类似物:KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素;水鬼蕉碱;匍枝珊瑚醇;海绵抑制素;氮芥例如苯丁酸氮芥,萘氮芥,癌德 星錠,雌莫司汀,异环磷酰胺,氮芥,盐酸氧氮芥,美法仑,新氮芥,苯芥胆甾醇,泼尼莫司汀,氯乙环磷酰胺,芥菜;亚硝基脲类例如卡莫司汀,氯脲霉素,福莫司汀,洛莫司汀,尼莫司汀,和雷莫司汀;抗体例如二抗(如卡奇霉素,特别是卡奇霉素gammall,omegal(详见,例如,Agnew,Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.,33:183-186(1994));达内霉素包括达内霉素A;埃斯培拉霉素;还有新制癌菌素发色团,和相关色素蛋白,二,生色团),阿克拉霉素,放线菌素,安曲霉素,重氮丝氨酸,博莱霉素,放线菌素C,卡柔比星,洋红霉素,嗜癌素,色霉素,更生霉素,柔红霉素,地托比星,6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸,
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000005
多柔比星(包括阿霉素吗啉,氰基吗啉阿霉素,吡咯啉阿霉素,脱氧多柔比星),表柔比星,依索比星,伊达比星,蒽环类药物例如丝裂霉素,霉酚酸,诺加霉素,橄榄霉素,平阳霉素,泊非霄素,嘌呤霉素,三铁阿霉素,罗多比星,链黑菌素,链脲菌素,杀结核菌素,乌苯美司,新制癌菌素,佐柔比星;抗代谢物例如氨甲喋呤和5-氟尿嘧(5-FU);枸橼酸类似物例如二甲叶酸,氨甲喋呤,蝶罗呤,三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物例如氟达拉滨,6-巯基嘌呤,硫唑嘌呤胺,硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物例如环胞苷,阿扎胞苷,6-氮尿苷,卡莫氟,阿糖胞苷,脫氧尿苷,去氧氟尿苷,散瘤星,氟尿苷;雄激素例如卡鲁睾酮,屈他雄酮丙酸,腹腔注射,美雄烷,睾内酯;抗肾上腺例如氨鲁米特,米托坦,曲罗斯坦;枸橼酸补充剂例如亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基果糖酸;恩尿嘧啶;安吖啶;阿莫司汀;比生群;依达曲沙;地磷酉先胺;秋水仙碱;地吖醌;依氟鸟氨酸;依利醋铵;埃博霉素;乙环氧啶;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明;美登素例如美登素和安丝菌素;丙脒腙;米托蒽醌;莫喊达酉享;尼曲口丫唆;喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;洛索蒽醌;2-乙基酰肼;甲基苄肼;PSK多糖复合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,Oreg.);雷佐生;根瘤菌素;西佐糖;螺锗;细交链孢菌酮酸;三亚胺醌;三(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸盐;单端孢霉烯族毒素类(尤其是T-2毒素,varracuin A,杆苞菌素A和蛇形菌素);氨基甲酸乙酯;长春地辛(ELDISINE,FILDESIN);氮烯咪胺;甘露醇;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;哌泊溴烧;加西托新(gacytosine);阿糖胞苷(“Ara-C”);塞替派;紫杉烷类化 合物如
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000006
紫杉醇(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.),ABRAXANETM Cremophor-free,紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒制剂(美国制药合作伙伴,Schaumberg,I11.),和
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000007
多西他赛(Rhone-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France);chloranbucil;吉西他滨(GEMZAR);6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;氨甲喋呤;铂类似物例如顺铂和卡铂;长春花碱
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000008
;铂;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000009
;奥沙利铂;亚叶酸钙;长春瑞滨
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000010
;盐酸米托蒽醌;依达曲沙;柔红霉素;氨基蝶呤;伊班膦酸钠;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);维甲酸例如维甲酸;卡培他滨
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000011
;药学上适用的盐,酸或者以上任何一种的衍生物;还有以上两者或更多的结合物例如CHOP,一种环磷酰胺,阿霉素,长春新碱,强的松结合治疗的缩写,和FOLFOX,一种使用奥沙利铂(ELOXATINTM)结合5-FU和亚叶酸钙的治疗方案的缩写。此外化疗制剂包括细胞毒素制剂与抗体药物轭合物一样有用,例如美登素(DM1,例如)和auristatins MMAE和MMAF。
本发明的方法适用于所有这些化疗制剂。
在本发明中,癌症是又称恶性肿瘤,是指机体在各种致瘤因素作用下,局部组织的细胞在基因水平上失去对其生长的正常调控导致异常增生与分化而形成的新生物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述癌症为选自胰腺癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、非小细胞肺鳞癌、食道癌、***癌中的至少1个。
在本发明的其它优选实施方案中,治疗人类癌症的方法包括鉴定患有或诊断患有癌症的患者;获得癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值;以及在RDS值低于预设域值或者落入预设区间时,向患者施用DNA损伤疗法。换句话说,该方法包括向诊断为癌症并且RDS值低于预设域值或者落入预设区间的患者施用DNA损伤疗法。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述预设域值或预设区间是通过群体样本获得的,具体地,
(1)鉴定出N个患有癌症的患者;
(2)测定癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对特定DNA损伤疗法的敏感性,敏感性最高的m%的样本被认为是敏感样本;
(3)获得经过敏感性测定的肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值,敏感样本中RDS值的最高值或平均值或中值或其他具有区分意义的值作为预设域值,敏感样本中RDS值的n%置信区间为预设区间。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述N为22。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述m为25。
3.试剂盒
本发明还提供了用于从患者获得的细胞测定RDS值的试剂盒。试剂盒可以包括用于试剂盒的各种组分的载体。载体可以是袋,盒,管,齿条的形式的容器或支撑件,可选地,各载体互相分隔。承运人可以在出货和存储期间为安全目的选择任意形式的包装。试剂盒还包括可用于根据本发明上述测定癌症细胞RDS值的方法的各种成分。
该试剂盒可进一步包括用于标记要想检测的基因mRNA的试剂。该试剂盒可以也包括标记试剂,包含至少一个氨基修饰的核苷酸、poly(A)聚合酶、和poly(A)聚合酶缓冲剂。标记试剂可以包括一种与氨基反应的染料。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述试剂盒包括扩增RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1基因转录产物的引物。
在发明的具体的实施方案中,引物长度为最少或者最多3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、101、102、103、104、105、106、107、108、109、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、210、220、230、240、250、260、270、280、290或300个核苷酸。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,扩增所述RAD51基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.4、SEQ ID NO.7、SEQ ID NO.10、SEQ ID NO.13所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.5、SEQ ID NO.8、SEQ ID NO.11、SEQ ID NO.14所示序列中的至少1个;扩增所述XRCC5基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.16、SEQ ID NO.19、SEQ ID NO.22、SEQ ID NO.25、SEQ ID NO.28所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.17、SEQ ID NO.20、SEQ ID NO.23、SEQ ID NO.26、SEQ ID NO.29所示序列中的至少1个;扩增所述RIF1基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.31、SEQ ID NO.34、SEQ ID NO.37、SEQ ID NO.40所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.32、SEQ ID NO.35、SEQ ID NO.38、SEQ ID NO.41所示序列中的至少1个;扩增所述PARPBP基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.43、SEQ ID NO.46、SEQ ID NO.49、SEQ ID NO.52所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.44、SEQ ID NO.47、SEQ ID NO.50、SEQ ID NO.53所示序列中的至少1个。
在另一实施方案中,所述的试剂盒包括与RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1基因转录产物杂交的探针。
在另一具体实施方案中,与所述RAD51基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.6、SEQ ID NO.9、SEQ ID NO.12、SEQ ID NO.15所示序列中的至少1个;与所述XRCC5基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.18、SEQ ID NO.21、SEQ ID NO.24、SEQ ID NO.26、SEQ ID NO.30所示序列中的至少1个;所述RIF1基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.36、SEQ ID NO.39、SEQ ID NO.42所示序列中的至少1个;与所述PARPBP基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.45、SEQ ID NO.48、SEQ ID NO.51、SEQ ID NO.54所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它具体实施方案中,所述试剂盒包括与RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在其它实施方案中,所述试剂盒还包括扩增内参基因CALM2、B2M、TBP 和GUSB基因转录产物的引物。
在其它另一具体实施方案中,扩增所述CALM2基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.55、SEQ ID NO.58、SEQ ID NO.61所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.56、SEQ ID NO.59、SEQ ID NO.62所示序列中的至少1个;扩增所述B2M基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.64、SEQ ID NO.67、SEQ ID NO.70所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.65、SEQ ID NO.68、SEQ ID NO.71所示序列中的至少1个;扩增所述TBP基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.73、SEQ ID NO.76、SEQ ID NO.79、SEQ ID NO.82所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.74、SEQ ID NO.77、SEQ ID NO.80、SEQ ID NO.83所示序列中的至少1个;扩增所述GUSB基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.85、SEQ ID NO.88、SEQ ID NO.91所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.86、SEQ ID NO.89、SEQ ID NO.92所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它实施方案中,所述试剂盒还包括与内参基因CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB基因转录产物杂交的探针。
在其它具体实施方案中,与所述CALM2基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.57、SEQ ID NO.60、SEQ ID NO.63所示序列中的至少1个;与所述B2M基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.66、SEQ ID NO.69、SEQ ID NO.72所示序列中的至少1个;与所述TBP基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.75、SEQ ID NO.78、SEQ ID NO.81、SEQ ID NO.84所示序列中的至少1个;与所述GUSB基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.87、SEQ ID NO.90、SEQ ID NO.93所示序列中的至少1个。
在其它具体实施方案中,所述试剂盒包括与CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
在其它实施方案中,探针结合在固体支持物上。
在上述实施方案中,检测试剂盒中的引物或探针可用任何合适的检测标记进行标记,包括但不限于放射性同位素,荧光素,生物素,酶(例如碱性磷酸酶),酶底物,配体和抗体等。
可选地,试剂盒中包含的探针和引物没有标记,而是在试剂盒中提供一个或多个标记,以便用户可以在使用时标记。
在其它实施方案中,试剂盒可以包括能够与DNA修复相关基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。并且可用于与患者身上的癌症组织或细胞中DNA修复相关基因表达的蛋白进行免疫组织化学分析。
此外,检测试剂盒优选包括根据上述详细描述,使用该试剂盒获得患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值。
通常,一旦在实验室中分析RDS值低于预设域值或者落入预设区间,医生或患者或其他研究人员可能会被告知结果。具体来说,结果可以以可传递的形式进行投递,可以传达给其他研究人员或医生或遗传咨询者或患者。这种形式可以变化,可以是有形的或无形的。关于所测试RDS值的结果可以体现在描述性陈述,图表,照片,图表,图像或任何其他视觉形式中。语句和视觉形式可以记录在诸如纸张,计算机可读介质(例如软盘,光盘等)的有形介质上,或者在无形介质上,例如电子邮件形式的电子媒体或互联网上的网站或内部网。此外,测试结果可以被接收和/或输入到计算机***中并且由计算机***中的计算机程序产品处理,例如在医院或诊所中。
本发明的有益效果
RDS能准确预测DNA损伤疗法的敏感性,它与肿瘤细胞基因组不稳定程度相关,能够提供现有诊断方法无法获取的宝贵信息。RDS是一种新型的评分***,通过定量4个基因的表达量来预测DSB修复途径选择。尤其是将癌症细胞系中DNA修复相关基因的mRNA表达量与DNA损伤药剂的敏感性相比较。这种经鉴定的基因表达评分***称之为RDS,它与DNA修复基因表达水平呈负相关。低RDS分值能识别HR缺失的肿瘤,同时对特定DNA损伤疗法超敏。
实施例
以下例子在此用于示范本发明的优选实施方案。本领域内的技术人员会明白,下述例子中披露的技术代表发明人发现的可以用于实施本发明的技术,因 此可以视为实施本发明的优选方案。但是本领域内的技术人员根据本说明书应该明白,这里所公开的特定实施例可以做很多修改,仍然能得到相同的或者类似的结果,而非背离本发明的精神或范围。
除非另有定义,所有在此使用的技术和科学的术语,和本发明所属领域内的技术人员所通常理解的意思相同,在此公开引用及他们引用的材料都将以引用的方式被并入。
那些本领域内的技术人员将意识到或者通过常规试验就能了解许多这里所描述的发明的特定实施方案的许多等同技术。这些等同将被包含在权利要求书中。
实施例1
癌细胞对DNA损伤药物的敏感性
1.试剂
1640培养基(Gibco)、DMEM培养基(Hyclone)、MEM培养基(Gibco)、F12-K培养基(Gibco)、DMEM/F12培养基(Gibco)、L-15培养基(Hyclone)、IMDM培养基(Hyclone)、非必需氨基酸(Gibco)、丙酮酸钠(Gibco)、胰岛素-转铁蛋白-硒添加剂(ITS-G,上海源培生物)、胎牛血清(四季青)、胰酶消化液(江苏凯基生物)、CellTiter
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000012
AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay(Promega)、96孔细胞培养板(Corning,货号3599)、Cisplatin(sigma,货号P4394)、Olaparib(Selleck,货号S1060)、Topotecan hydrochloride hydrate(Sigma,货号T2705)、Paclitaxel(大连美仑,货号MB1178)。
2.细胞系
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000014
3.体外细胞药物敏感性实验---MTS方法
待培养瓶中细胞密度达到80-90%时,收集细胞,调整细胞悬液浓度为1×10 4/mL,每孔加入100ul,即每孔1000-2000个细胞,5%CO 2,37℃孵育过夜。次日,待96孔板孔底细胞贴壁后,加入不同浓度梯度的各种药物:Olaparib(2.5μM,5μM,10μM,20μM,40μM,80μM,160μM),Cisplatin(0.0625μM,0.125μM,0.25μM,0.5μM,1μM,2μM,4μM,8μM,16μM),Topotecan(0.0078125μM,0.015625μM,0.3125μM,0.0625μM,0.125μM,0.25μM,0.5μM,1μM),Paclitaxel(0.001953125μM,0.00390625μM,0.0078125μM,0.015625μM,0.3125μM,0.0625μM,0.125μM)。将96孔板放入CO 2培养箱中分别培养72h后,观察各孔细胞形态与密度,针对生长缓慢的细胞,需要进行补药处理。对于不同细胞,培养时间介于72h-216h,绝大多数细胞培养时间处于144h-168h。待达到预定培养时间时,将96孔板取出,每孔加入90μL的培养基和10μL CellTiter
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000015
AQueous One Solution Reagent,CO 2培养箱中培养1-4h后,将96孔板置于酶标仪上,在492nm测定各孔的吸光度(OD)值。由公式计算Cell Viability:
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000016
4.结果
表1 22株细胞系的药物IC50
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000018
结果显示,对于任一DNA损伤药物,如顺铂、奥拉帕尼或拓扑替康,不同的细胞系显示出不同的IC50,表明其对同一DNA损伤药物的敏感性具有差异性。而对于非DNA损伤药物紫杉醇,不同细胞系表现出的敏感性差异不大。
对于第一种药物实验,选择敏感性最高(即IC50最小的)25%的样本(5个)作为敏感性样本,选择敏感性最低(即IC50最高)的25%的样本(5个)作为非敏感性样本。具体如下:
表2测试得到的各药物敏感细胞系群体和非敏感细胞系群体
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000019
实施例2
测定细胞系中RDS值
为了获得细胞系的RDS值,选择4个DNA修复相关基因,即RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1基因。为了获得这4个基因的相对表达水平,选择4个内参基因,即CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB基因。
1.材料
AxyPrep总RNA小量制备试剂盒(axygen,货号:AP-MN-MS-RNA-50G);
细胞系细胞:
表3用于敏感性测试的细胞系参数
Cell Line Date CONC(ng/ul) Cells(10E6)
HCC1937 160803 455 2.564
H358 160819 355 10
HCC1937 160822 455 3.37
CAPON1 160829 478 4.264
H1299 160913 650 7.12
A549 160913 482 6.8
HT29 160913 877 9.78
H1975 160923 325 2.912
H1650 161013 640 2.668
MCF-7 161013 690 7.92
H3122 161017 475 5.4
HCC95 161017 370 7.02
H2228 161024 680 8.685
H520 161024 660 9.768
HCC827 161024 500 2.375
KYSE450 161024 280 10.8
H2444 161031 770 3.52
H4006 161031 640 3.126
CAL-120 161103 480 4.488
KYSE450 161107 425 8
HCC827 161110 755 6.02
H2444 161114 827 5.135
MDA-MB-436 161117 820 7
T84 161117 440 6.9
CAMA-1 161121 377 7.308
CAL-120 161121 405 0.556
CALU-3 161121 420 7.6
MDA-MB-436 161128 1050 10.35
MDA-MB-436 161201 1250 5.922
HEK293 161205 2086 10.122
PC-3 161205 560 8.01
SW-48 161205 1220 10.78
H358 161208 790 5.664
引物及探针:
表4 RAD51基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000020
表5 XRCC5基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000021
表6 RIF1基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000023
表7 PARPBP基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000024
表8 CALM2基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000025
表9 B2M基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000026
表10 TBP基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000028
表11 GUSB基因相关的引物与探针
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000029
一步法RT-qPCR试剂盒:TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix(thermo fisher,货号:4444432)
质粒:由南京金斯瑞合成
2.方法
一、RNA提取方法
RNA样本来自于同步进行药物敏感性试验的细胞系,使用axygen试剂盒提取细胞总RNA。
二、RT-PCR方法
2.1设计8组特异性引物及探针,并委托南京金斯瑞合成;
2.2委托构建8个基因的质粒,并通过体外转录方式(IVT)获得对应mRNA作为标准品;
2.3以十倍梯度稀释IVT RNA对每个基因分别进行标准曲线测试,测算扩增效率;
2.4目标基因和内参基因分别使用FAM和VIC两种不同类型的荧光探针, 两两组合,构建二重RT-qPCR反应体系;
2.5在RT-qPCR反应结果中设置不同的阈值,就会获得相对应的CT值,计算ΔCT;
2.6ΔCT=CT (sample)-CT (reference)
2.7实验结果的数据分析包括了8个基因的CT值和4组二重RT-qPCR内的ΔCT,有助于分析样本在各个基因上不同的表达水平,对样本来源的DNA修复能力作出评估。
三、RT-qPCR试验结果
试验样本分别对应于已进行药物敏感性试验的细胞系,每个基因在不同样本间使用同样的试剂和仪器进行实验,设置的阈值也保持一致。实验结果列表如下:
表12 8个基因定量得到的CT值
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000030
四RDS值计算
对于任一细胞系,首先计算4个内参基因CT值的平均值,然后分别用RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP基因的CT值减去该平均值,得到4个基因各自的ΔCT值。同样的方法得到所有细胞系中4个基因的ΔCT值。
对于所有22样本,分别对每个基因的全部ΔCT值进行统计学分析,得到该基因ΔCT值的平均值和方差。
则对于任一细胞系,其每个基因的Z值=(该基因的ΔCT值-该基因ΔCT的平均值)/该基因ΔCT值的方差,该细胞RDS值为所有4个基因Z值之和的负数。如此,得到下列结果。
表13各细胞系的Z值及RDS值
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000031
对每个药物敏感样本和非敏感样本的RDS值进行分析,结果表14和图1所示。
表14敏感细胞系及非敏感细胞系RDS值比较
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000033
*数据取平均值±标准误。
结果可知,对DNA损伤药物敏感的细胞系有着更低的RDS值,对紫杉醇,一种非DNA损伤药物,无论敏感与否,肿瘤细胞系的RDS值无显著差异,进一步证实了RDS值可以指导癌症的治疗。
实施例3
1.实验设计
发明人收集300例来源于浸润型乳腺癌患者的***固定石蜡包埋的肿瘤组织标本。
入选标准:
全部为三阴性(ER/PR IHC检测为0且HER2IHC 0-1或FISH<2.0)乳腺癌。经包含铂类新辅化疗的患者150例,其中达到病理完全缓解(pCR或Miller-Payne分级为5级)的50例;经ACT新辅化疗的患者150例,其中达到病理完全缓解的50例。
所有研究对象:蜡块来源于浸润型乳腺癌患者,患者接受全乳切除术,未接受过放疗,并有完整病理学诊断数据,包括HE和IHC4染色结果及5年的完整随访数据。
蜡块应未经太多次切片,至少还能产生6片10μm厚的切片。
蜡块样本有IHC检测结果及FISH结果(HER2IHC 2时)
排除标准:
蜡块保存时间过久(>10年)
蜡块样本切片后,肿瘤组织含量过少(20%)。
根据入组标准和排除标准确定收集范围,收集病人信息、病理学诊断、生存数据。最后入选128例样本。
收集人乳腺癌蜡块样本并进行切片,每个样本需要6片×10μm的卷片。
乳腺癌RDS检测
对切片进行RNA抽提纯化并检测RNA浓度和纯度。如果RNA的质量符合标准则进行到下一步,否则将该样本剔除。如果当天进行检测,RNA样本可以保存在2-8℃,否则RNA样本需要保存在-80℃。
根据基因序列利用引物设计工具设计引物和探针,利用荧光定量PCR对RNA样本进行检测,计算各候选基因的Z值。
根据检测结果进行分析,得出RDS/乳腺癌RDS评分。
进行统计学分析,评估乳腺癌RDS评分对TNBC患者pCR的预测价值。
预测pCR:
乳腺癌RDS评分预测pCR:RDS/乳腺癌RDS作为连续变量,进行线性回归分析,评估其与pCR的相关性。
表15数据基本情况
临床资料 样本(N=128) 无转移样本(N=119) 转移样本(N=9)
TNM N(%) N N
1 7(5.5) 7 0
2 21(16.4) 21 0
3 15(11.7) 13 2
4 2(1.6) 0 2
不明确 2(1.6) 2 0
丢失数据 81(63.2) 76 5
Grade      
1 0(0) 0 0
2 15(11.7) 14 1
3 24(18.7) 21 3
不能分级 45(35.2) 42 3
丢失数据 44(34.4) 42 2
病理类型      
导管原位癌 2(1.6) 2 0
浸润性导管癌 63(49.2) 56 7
其他 7(5.5) 7 0
丢失数据 56(43.7) 54 2
P-M 分级    
1 5(3.9) 5 0
2 19(14.8) 15 4
3 28(21.9) 26 2
4 19(14.8) 18 1
5 57(44.6) 55 2
pCR-1      
pCR 57(44.5) 55 2
非pCR 71(55.5) 64 7
***有无癌细胞      
36(28.1) 31 5
87(68.0) 83 4
丢失数据 5(3.9) 5 0
pCR-2      
pCR 48(37.5) 46 2
非pCR 79(61.7) 72 7
丢失数据 1(0.8) 1 0
年龄 48.3±11.6 48.2±11.6 48.6±11.8
pCR-1:P-M分级5级;pCR-2:P-M分级5级+***无肿瘤细胞。
2.不同P-M分级下的基因表达水平差异
图2示出了基因z-G1(RAD51)、z-G2(XRCC5)、z-G3(RTF1)、z-G4(PARPBP)、z-G5(PARP1)、z-G6(BRCA1)、z-G10(c-Met)、z-G11(E2F1)在不同P-M分级下基因表达水平的箱线图。单因素方差分析结果显示,z-G1,z-G2,z-G3,z-G5,z-G6基因水平在不同P-M分级下存在统计学差异(表16)。
表16不同P-M分级下基因水平的差异
基因 P-M1(n=5) P-M2(n=19) P-M3(n=28) P-M4(n=19) P-M5(n=57) P
z-G1 0.625±1.335 0.237±0.896 0.476±1.511 -0.083±0.752 -0.333±0.577 abc 0.003
z-G2 -0.084±1.308 -0.581±0.850 -0.118±1.108 -0.549±0.808 0.455±0.827 bcd <0.001
z-G3 0.836±1.128 -0.029±1.170 0.368±1.184 -0.208±0.758 a -0.163±0.844 ac 0.045
z-G4 0.756±1.370 -0.222±0.952 0.218±1.519 -0.202±0.879 -0.014±0.611 0.206
z-G5 1.118±0.945 -0.091±1.123 a -0.160±0.908 a -0.325±1.121 a 0.128±0.906 a 0.037
z-G6 0.574±1.241 0.526±1.163 0.345±1.132 0.084±1.236 -0.410±0.516 abcd <0.001
z-G10 -0.098±0.686 0.480±1.189 0.153±1.440 -0.211±0.873 b -0.153±0.650 b 0.124
z-G11 0.494±1.377 -0.200±1.094 0.151±1.091 -0.119±0.876 0.007±0.934 0.584
a示与PM1比较,p<0.05;b示与PM2比较,p<0.05;c示与PM3比较,p<0.05; d示与PM4比较,p<0.05。
2.3 P-M与基因表达水平的相关性
Spearman相关性分析显示,z-G1、z-G2、z-G6基因水平与P-M分级相关性存在统计学意义,其中z-G2、z-G4、z-G5基因水平与P-M呈正相关。
表17 P-M分级与基因水平相关性
基因 相关系数 P
z-G1 -0.299 0.001
z-G2 0.357 <0.001
z-G6 -0.408 <0.001
z-G10 -0.160 0.071
z-G3 -0.137 0.124
z-G5 0.067 0.454
z-G4 0.006 0.948
z-G11 -0.001 0.991
3.确定基因权重系数的随机森林模型建立
本实验最初纳入模型的变量为:z-G1(RAD51)、z-G2(XRCC5)、z-G3(RTF1)、z-G4(PARPBP)、z-G5(PARP1)、z-G6(BRCA1)、z-G10(c-Met)、z-G11(E2F1)、age。考虑到其他病理特征因素,如TNM分期,Grade分级、病理类型等缺失较严重,受样本量限制,未纳入模型;同时,本实验仅针对三阴性乳腺癌,ER,PR,以及HER2状态固定,故最终仅纳入年龄以及各基因表达水平变量。
3.1pCR-1预测模型建立初步结果:
在训练集与测试集的分割比例为6:4时,模型准确度、灵敏度、特异度最高,若去除标化重要性分数<20的变量,最终纳入随机森林模型的变量仅有3个基因:z.G1、z.G2、z.G6。为增加预测准确度,可将重要性分数<10的变量去除,纳入随机森林模型的变量为z.G1、z.G2、z.G4、z.G5、z.G6。
表18
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000036
3.2模型建立最终结果
3.2.1纳入5个基因水平模型结果
训练集和测试集的各种比例下,模型准确度、灵敏度、特异度等都较高,故均可计算各模型下的基因权重系数。权重系数的计算原则为:根据模型得到各变量的重要性分数(未标化,若标化,重要性最低的变量分数则为0,无法计算其权重系数),按其重要性比例使得最终权重系数和为1,同时考虑到G2、G5、G4的基因与PM分级呈正相关,需要将其权重系数更改为负数。
举例:训练集和测试集比例为5:5时,z.G2的权重系数为:
[1÷(-10.442756+7.917480+5.150769-4.928693-3.170395)]*-10.442756=1.9078423
表19
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000038
3.2.2纳入3个基因水平模型结果
在训练集与测试集的分割比例为5:5和7:3时,模型灵敏度较高,故可计算该模型下基因权重系数。权重系数的计算原则与上述一致。总的来说,仅纳入3个基因水平的模型预测准确度、灵敏度等要低于纳入5个基因水平的模型。
表20
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000040
4.RDS评分***的建立
若基因的权重系数仍然与PM呈正相关,则建立的RDS需要再乘以-1,保证RDS及各基因与PM呈负相关,反之则不乘。
4.1纳入5个基因水平模型
训练集:测试集=5:5
RDS 1=-1*(1.9078423*z.G2-1.4464863*z.G6-0.9410212*z.G1+0.9004490*z.G4+0.5792162*z.G5)
训练集:测试集=6:4
RDS 2=-1*(1.8206667*z.G2-1.2053798*z.G6-0.8562682*z.G1+0.6713876*z.G4+0.5695937*z.G5)
训练集:测试集=7:3
RDS 3=-1*(2.9992700*z.G2-2.9277882*z.G6-2.4133121*z.G1+1.8874888*z.G4+1.4543415*z.G5)
训练集:测试集=8:2
RDS 4=-1*(3.4459578*z.G2-3.1328142*z.G6-2.7960688*z.G1+1.6877616*z.G4+1.7951636*z.G5)
训练集:测试集=9:1
RDS 5=-1*(2.0106046*z.G2-1.6125061*z.G6-1.5976511*z.G1+1.1222873*z.G4+1.0772653*z.G5)
4.2纳入3个基因水平模型
训练集:测试集=5:5
RDS 6=1.8680589*z.G6-2.1358314*z.G2+1.2677725*z.G1
训练集:测试集=7:3
RDS 7=1.2744411*z.G6-1.3606527*z.G2+1.0862116*z.G1
5.RDS预测pCR-logistic回归
5.1logistic回归预测pCR的风险
logistic回归发现RDS评分与pCR-1的发生概率明显关联,且RDS评分减少可增加pCR的发生概率。RDS 4模型准确度最高,RDS 6的AUC最大。 表21 RDS 1与pCR-1的风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 1 1.503(1.262-1.789) <0.001 70.3 5.183(0.738)
age 1.009(0.973-1.045) 0.635    
表22 RDS 2与pCR-1的风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 2 1.586(1.306-1.926) <0.001 71.1 8.171(0.417)
age 1.008(0.973-1.045) 0.644    
表23 RDS 3与pCR-1的风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 3 1.586(1.306-1.926) <0.001 71.1 11.002(0.202)
age 1.008(0.973-1.045) 0.644    
表24 RDS 4与pCR-1的风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 4 1.244(1.136-1.362) <0.001 71.9 8.152(0.419)
age 1.010(0.974-1.047) 0.594    
表25 RDS 5与pCR-1的风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 5 1.433(1.232-1.668) <0.001 69.5 6.623(0.578)
age 1.010(0.974-1.047) 0.594    
表26 RDS 6与pCR的-1风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 6 1.565(1.300-1.883) <0.001 72.7 12.278(0.139)
age 1.004(0.968-1.041) 0.849    
表27 RDS 7与pCR-1的风险分析
变量 优势率(95%CI) P 准确率 Hosmer-Lemeshow检验[χ2(P)]
RDS 7 1.917(1.465-2.509) <0.001 73.4 6.034(0.643)
age 1.003(0.967-1.040) 0.870    
表28 7种评分***分布
变量 均值 标准差 P 50(P 25,P 75)
RDS 1 -0.008615738 -0.702159416 -0.702(-2.488,2060)
RDS 2 -0.007996746 -0.605954413 -0.606(-2.300,1.845)
RDS 3 -0.012426881 -1.257691228 -1.258(-4.577,3.727)
RDS 4 -0.012284822 -1.624126638 -1.624(-5.049,4.157)
RDS 5 -0.009779668 -0.865191444 -0.865(-3.038,2.385)
RPS 6 0.002971957 -0.660292689 -0.660(-2.721,1.678)
RPS 7 0.003286237 -0.541729238 -0.542(-1.897,0.955)
6.单因素方差分析不同PM分级下RDS评分的差异
表29
变量 PM1(n=5) PM2(n=19) PM3(n=28) PM4(n=19) PM5(n=57) P
RDS 1 0.251±3.871 2.344±3.440 1.069±4.107 1.460±3.059 -1.835±2.444 bcd <0.001
RDS 2 0.236±3.398 2.095±3.082 0.983±3.651 1.350±2.679 -1.670±2.225 bcd <0.001
RDS 3 0.389±6.908 4.405±6.692 2.335±7.939 2.545±5.804 -3.526±4.538 bcd <0.001
RDS 4 0.553±7.362 4.850±7.439 2.738±8.683 2.846±6.252 -3.986±5.040 bcd <0.001
RDS 5 0.041±4.098 2.742±4.197 1.482±5.004 1.683±3.533 -2.228±2.939 bcd <0.001
RDS 6 2.045±4.763 2.523±3.918 1.500±4.438 1.224±3.612 -2.159±2.421 abcd <0.001
RDS 7 1.526±3.293 1.718±2.743 1.117±3.163 0.764±2.500 -1.503±1.640 abcd <0.001
a示与PM1比较,p<0.05;b示与PM2比较,p<0.05;c示与PM3比较,p<0.05;d示与PM4比较,p<0.05。
7.pCR-2预测模型的建立
7.1确定基因权重系数的随机森林模型建立
初纳入随机森林模型的变量仍为z-G1、z-G2、z-G3、z-G4、z-G5、z-G6、z-G10、z-G11、age。
7.2模型建立初步结果
7.2.1在训练集与测试集的分割比例为7:3和8:2时,模型准确度、灵敏度、特异度较高,将重要性分数<15的变量去除,纳入随机森林模型的变量为z.G1、z.G2、z.G5、z.G6、z.G10。
表30
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000042
7.2.2将年龄处理为分类变量,划分为<48以及≥48岁,建立随机森林模型,各变量标化重要性分数差距较小,不易筛选。
表31
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000044
7.3模型建立最终结果
纳入5个基因,发现训练集和测试集在8:2,9:1的分割比例下,模型准确度、灵敏度、特异度等较高,故均可计算各模型下的基因权重系数。权重系数的计算原则为:根据模型得到各变量的重要性分数(未标化,若标化,重要性最低的变量分数则为0,无法计算其权重系数),按其重要性比例使得最终权重系数和为1,同时考虑到G2、G5的基因与P-M分级呈正相关,需要将其权重系数更改为负数,保证所有基因与P-M分级均呈负相关。
表32
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000046
7.4 RDS评分***的建立
若基因的权重系数仍然与P-M呈正相关,则建立的RDS需要再乘以-1,保证RDS及各基因与P-M呈负相关,反之则不乘。
7.4.1纳入5个基因水平模型
训练集:测试集=5:5
RDS 8=1.4939660*z.G6-1.7869991*z.G2-1.3444708*z.G5+1.5506891*z.G1+1.0868148*z.G10
训练集:测试集=6:4
RDS 9=1.6586976*z.G6-2.1714242*z.G2-1.6861369*z.G5+1.8668920*z.G1+ 1.3319715*z.G10
训练集:测试集=8:2
RDS 10=1.9931659*z.G6-2.1128981*z.G2-1.4465384*z.G5+1.3497325*z.G1+1.2165381*z.G10
训练集:测试集=9:1
RDS 11=1.4318830*z.G6-1.6731665*z.G2+1.3010898*z.G1-1.1388590*z.G5+1.0790527*z.G10
7.5.RDS预测pCR-logistic回归
7.5.1 logistic回归预测pCR-2的风险
logistic回归发现所有RDS评分与pCR-2的发生概率均有明显关联,且RDS评分减少可增加pCR的发生概率。
RDS 9和RDS 11模型准确度最高,RDS 8曲线下面积AUC最大。
表33 RDS 8与pCR-2的风险分析
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000047
表34 RDS 9与pCR-2的风险分析
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000048
表35 RDS 10与pCR-2的风险分析
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000049
表36 RDS11与pCR-2的风险分析
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2018109006-appb-000051
表37 4种评分***分布
变量 均值 标准差 P50(P25,P75)
RDS 8 0.023608545 4.308 -0.652(-2.679,1.604)
RDS 9 0.026666982 5.139 -0.791(-3.104,1.743)
RDS 10 0.027362254 4.932 -1.066(-3.130,1.912)
RDS 11 0.021913723 3.989 -0.696(-2.427,1.438)
4.单因素方差分析不同P-M分级下RDS评分的差异
表38
Variable PM1(n=5) PM2(n=19) PM3(n=28) PM4(n=19) PM5(n=56) P
RDS 8 0.368±3.836 2.836±4.768 1.845±5.163 1.185±3.306 -2.266±2.667bcd <0.001
RDS 9 0.286±4.478 3.370±5.673 2.190±6.172 1.443±3.870 -2.693±3.231bcd <0.001
RDS 10 0.429±4.519 3.312±5.550 1.996±5.786 1.428±3.944 -2.582±3.050bcd <0.001
RDS 11 0.397±3.644 2.655±4.447 1.657±4.784 1.073±3.129 -2.079±2.436bc <0.001
a示与PM1比较,p<0.05;b示与PM2比较,p<0.05;c示与PM3比较,p<0.05;d示与PM4比较,p<0.05。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (66)

  1. 一种治疗人类癌症的方法,其特征在于,包括:预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性;以及向癌症患者施用DNA损伤疗法,其中,所述预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性是指获得所述肿瘤细胞或组织的DNA重组功能评分(RDS)值,所述RDS值是基于测定DNA修复相关基因的表达水平计算得到的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA损伤疗法选自DNA损伤放疗方法或DNA损伤放疗方法中的至少1个。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA损伤化疗方法是指施用治疗有效量的化学制剂。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化学制剂选自铂类化合物、DNA交联剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、PARP抑制剂中的至少1个。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铂类化合物为顺氯氨铂(cisplatin)或顺羧酸铂(carboplatin)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA交联剂为顺铂。
    根据权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述拓扑异构酶抑制剂为伊立替康(irhibitor)或拓扑替康(topotecan)。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,PARP抑制剂是奥拉帕尼。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA损伤放疗方法是指施用医学上可承受的放射线。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因包括同源重组(HR)基因或非同源末端连接(NHEJ)基因中的至少1种。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、c-Met和E2F1中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因为 选自RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met中的至少一个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARP1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51和XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和PRABP5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1和PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5、PARP1和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述RDS值是通过以下步骤计算得到的:
    (1)将DNA修复相关基因的表达水平减去该基因在群体中表达水平的平均值,再除以该基因在群体中表达水平的标准差,得到该基因的Z值;
    (2)重复步骤(1),得到所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值。
    (3)将所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值乘以各自的权重然后相加,即得到RDS值,
    优选地,DNA修复相关基因的权重均为1,
    优选地,DNA修复相关基因的权重利用随机森林模型确定,
    优选地,得到的RDS乘以-1。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因的表达水平是指相对于内参基因的表达水平的相对表达水平。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述相对表达水平是指DNA修复基因的表达水平减去内参基因的表达水平。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内参基因的表达水平是指各内参基因表达水平的平均值。
  16. 根据权利要求14-15任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,如果所述的RDS值低于预设域值或者落入预设区间,向癌症患者施用DNA损伤疗法。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症选自胰腺癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、非小细胞肺鳞癌、食道癌、***癌中的至少1个,优选地,所述癌症为乳腺癌,更优选地,为三阴性乳腺癌。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预设域值或预设区间是通过群体样本获得的,具体地,
    (1)鉴定出N个患有癌症的患者;
    (2)测定癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对特定DNA损伤疗法的敏感性,敏感性最高的m%的样本被认为是敏感样本;
    (3)获得经过敏感性测定的肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值,敏感样本中RDS值的最高值或平均值或中值或其他具有区分意义的值作为预设域值,敏感样本中RDS值的n%置信区间为预设区间。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述N为至少20、30、50、100或更大。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述m为1-50。
  22. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述m为10、15、25、30、40、50中的一种。
  23. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述n为80-99。
  24. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述n为95。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基因的表达水平是利用核酸杂交/扩增的方法得到的。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基因的表达水平是利用FISH或CISH或RNA测序或微陈列的方法得到的。
  27. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基因的表达水平是利用定量PCR的方法得到的。
  28. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述施用DNA损伤疗法之前或之后进行所述获得RDS值。
  29. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因的表达水平是指DNA修复相关基因表达的蛋白水平。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基因的表达水平是利用IHC或ELISA或蛋白质印迹或蛋白质微阵列的方法得到的。
  31. 一种诊断试剂盒,其特征在于,包含扩增DNA修复相关基因的转录产物的引物或与DNA修复相关基因的转录产物杂交的探针,或与DNA修复相关基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的试剂盒,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因为选自RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARP1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51和XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和PRABP5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1和PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5、PARP1和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met。
  34. 根据权利要求32-33任一所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述RAD51基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.4、SEQ ID NO.7、SEQ ID NO.10、SEQ ID NO.13所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.5、SEQ ID NO.8、SEQ ID NO.11、SEQ ID NO.14所示序列中的至少1个。
  35. 根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述XRCC5基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.16、SEQ ID NO.19、SEQ ID NO.22、SEQ ID NO.25、SEQ ID NO.28所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.17、SEQ ID NO.20、SEQ ID NO.23、SEQ ID NO.26、SEQ ID NO.29所示序列中的至少1个。
  36. [根据细则26改正26.11.2018] 
    根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述RIF1基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.31、SEQ ID NO.34、SEQ ID NO.37、SEQ ID NO.40所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.32、SEQ ID NO.35、SEQ ID NO.38、SEQ ID NO.41所示序列中的至少1个。
  37. 根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述PARPBP基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.43、SEQ ID NO.46、SEQ ID NO.49、 SEQ ID NO.52所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.44、SEQ ID NO.47、SEQ ID NO.50、SEQ ID NO.53所示序列中的至少1个。
  38. 根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述RAD51基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.6、SEQ ID NO.9、SEQ ID NO.12、SEQ ID NO.15所示序列中的至少1个。
  39. 根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述XRCC5基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.18、SEQ ID NO.21、SEQ ID NO.24、SEQ ID NO.26、SEQ ID NO.30所示序列中的至少1个。
  40. 根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述RIF1基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.36、SEQ ID NO.39、SEQ ID NO.42所示序列中的至少1个。
  41. 根据权利要求32-33所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述PARPBP基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.45、SEQ ID NO.48、SEQ ID NO.51、SEQ ID NO.54所示序列中的至少1个。
  42. 根据权利要求31所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,还包括扩增内参基因转录产物引物或与内参基因转录产物杂交的探针,或与内参基因表达的蛋白选择性免疫反应的抗体。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述CALM2基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.55、SEQ ID NO.58、SEQ ID NO.61所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.56、SEQ ID NO.59、SEQ ID NO.62所示序列中的至少1个。
  45. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述B2M基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.64、SEQ ID NO.67、SEQ ID NO.70所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.65、SEQ ID NO.68、SEQ ID NO.71所示序列中的至少1个。
  46. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述TBP基因转录 产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.73、SEQ ID NO.76、SEQ ID NO.79、SEQ ID NO.82所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.74、SEQ ID NO.77、SEQ ID NO.80、SEQ ID NO.83所示序列中的至少1个。
  47. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,扩增所述GUSB基因转录产物的上游引物选自SEQ ID NO.85、SEQ ID NO.88、SEQ ID NO.91所示序列中的至少1个,下游引物选自SEQ ID NO.86、SEQ ID NO.89、SEQ ID NO.92所示序列中的至少1个。
  48. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述CALM2基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.57、SEQ ID NO.60、SEQ ID NO.63所示序列中的至少1个。
  49. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述B2M基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.66、SEQ ID NO.69、SEQ ID NO.72所示序列中的至少1个。
  50. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述TBP基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.75、SEQ ID NO.78、SEQ ID NO.81、SEQ ID NO.84所示序列中的至少1个。
  51. 根据权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述GUSB基因转录产物杂交的所述探针选自SEQ ID NO.87、SEQ ID NO.90、SEQ ID NO.93所示序列中的至少1个。
  52. 根据权利要求31-51所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述探针可以用标签标记。
  53. 根据权利要求52所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,利用放射性同位素,荧光素,生物素,酶(例如碱性磷酸酶),酶底物,配体和抗体进行标记。
  54. 根据权利要求52-53所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述探针结合在固体支持物上。
  55. 一种预测癌症患者身上的肿瘤细胞或组织对DNA损伤疗法的敏感性的装置,其特征在于,包括:
    (1)检测部件,用于测定所述肿瘤细胞或组织中DNA修复相关基因的表达水平;
    (2)计算部件,用于获得所述肿瘤细胞或组织的DNA重组功能评分(RDS)值。
  56. 根据权利要求55所述的装置,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
  57. 根据权利要求56所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因为选自RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARP1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51和XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和PRABP5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1和PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5和BRCA1,任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5、PARP1和BRCA1。
  58. 根据权利要求55-57任一所述的装置,其特征在于,所述RDS值是通过以下步骤计算得到的:
    (1)将DNA修复相关基因的表达水平减去该基因在群体中表达水平的平 均值,再除以该基因在群体中表达水平的标准差,得到该基因的Z值;
    (2)重复步骤(1),得到所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值。
    (3)将所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值乘以各自的权重然后相加,即得到RDS值,
    优选地,DNA修复相关基因的权重均为1,
    优选地,DNA修复相关基因的权重利用随机森林模型确定,
    优选地,得到的RDS乘以-1。
  59. 权利要求58所述的装置,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因的表达水平是指相对于内参基因的表达水平的相对表达水平。
  60. 根据权利要求59所述的装置,其特征在于,所述相对表达水平是指DNA修复基因的表达水平减去内参基因的表达水平。
  61. 根据权利要求60所述的装置,其特征在于,所述内参基因的表达水平是指各内参基因表达水平的平均值。
  62. 根据权利要求60-61所述的装置,其特征在于,所述内参基因选自CALM2、B2M、TBP和GUSB中的至少1个。
  63. 一种预测癌症患者在接受新辅助治疗后pCR的方法,其特征在于,获得所述患者肿瘤细胞或组织的RDS值,所述RDS值是基于测定DNA修复相关基因的表达水平计算得到的,所述DNA修复相关基因包括RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1、C-MET和E2F1中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个。
  64. 根据权利要求63所述的方法,其特征在于,所述DNA修复相关基因为选自RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1、PARPBP、PARP1、BRCA1和c-Met中的至少1个,例如为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个,优选地为2个、3个、4个或5个,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为PARP1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51和XRCC5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和PRABP5,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、RIF1和PARPBP,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PARP1和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5和BRCA1,
    任选地,所述DNA修复相关基因为RAD51、XRCC5、PRABP5、PARP1和BRCA1。
  65. 根据权利要求63所述的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症选自胰腺癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、非小细胞肺鳞癌、食道癌、***癌中的至少1个,优选地,所述癌症为乳腺癌,更优选地,为三阴性乳腺癌。
  66. 根据权利要求63-65所述的方法,其特征在于,所述RDS值是通过以下步骤计算得到的:
    (1)将DNA修复相关基因的表达水平减去该基因在群体中表达水平的平均值,再除以该基因在群体中表达水平的标准差,得到该基因的Z值;
    (2)重复步骤(1),得到所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值。
    (3)将所有DNA修复相关基因的Z值乘以各自的权重然后相加,即得到RDS值,
    优选地,DNA修复相关基因的权重均为1,
    优选地,DNA修复相关基因的权重利用随机森林模型确定,
    优选地,得到的RDS乘以-1。
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