WO2019052458A1 - 直流灭弧装置 - Google Patents
直流灭弧装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019052458A1 WO2019052458A1 PCT/CN2018/105181 CN2018105181W WO2019052458A1 WO 2019052458 A1 WO2019052458 A1 WO 2019052458A1 CN 2018105181 W CN2018105181 W CN 2018105181W WO 2019052458 A1 WO2019052458 A1 WO 2019052458A1
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- capacitor
- thyristor
- mechanical switch
- arc extinguishing
- arc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
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- the invention relates to a DC arc extinguishing device, in particular to a DC arc extinguishing device suitable for rapidly extinguishing a mechanical contact such as a mechanical switch, and can also be used for other breakpoints (such as a fuse of a fuse, a plug and a socket) The arc of the breakpoint, the wire breakpoint.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the electrical life of the mechanical switch in the prior DC electric control system is short, and to provide a DC arc extinguishing device with good isolation, good arc extinguishing effect and simple circuit.
- a DC arc extinguishing device the first mechanical switch required to extinguish the arc is connected in series with the first load, and includes a first thyristor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor; a second capacitor, a trigger pole of the first thyristor, and a first thyristor
- the cathode constitutes a first series circuit, and the first series circuit is connected in parallel with the first mechanical switch.
- the first capacitor forms a discharge circuit through the first thyristor and the first load, and is used for breaking the first mechanical switch. arc.
- the invention has reasonable design and good advantages of good isolation, good arc extinguishing effect and simple circuit.
- Embodiment 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of a DC arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
- Embodiment 1 of the DC arc extinguishing device of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1:
- a DC arc extinguishing device the first mechanical switch K1 required to extinguish the arc is connected in series with the first load R1, and includes a first thyristor SCR1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2; a second capacitor C2, and a first thyristor SCR1
- the trigger pole, the cathode of the first thyristor SCR1 constitutes a first series circuit, the first series circuit is connected in parallel with the first mechanical switch K1;
- the second mechanical switch K2 required to extinguish the arc is connected in series with the second load R2, and further includes a third capacitor C3, the second thyristor SCR2, the third capacitor C3, the trigger pole of the second thyristor SCR2, the cathode of the second thyristor SCR2 constitute a second series circuit, the second series circuit is connected in parallel with the second mechanical switch K2, and the second mechanical switch K2 is disconnected.
- the first capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the second thyristor SCR2 and the second load R2 for the second mechanical switch K2 to break the arc extinguishing; further includes a control unit A for detecting the voltage of the first capacitor C1 After the first capacitor C1 is discharged through the first thyristor SCR1 until the first thyristor SCR1 is turned off, the control unit A is turned on, and the charging power source (input from the terminals P1 and P2) charges the first capacitor C1 through the control unit A.
- Control unit A It comprises a voltage detecting pulse signal generator B, a first transistor Q1 (which is a triode, or a FET, or a fully controlled device such as an IGBT), a resistor R3, and a voltage detecting pulse signal generator B.
- the voltage input terminal is connected to the first capacitor C1, and the output signal of the voltage detecting pulse signal generator B is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor Q1.
- the charging power source is connected to the first capacitor C1 through the first transistor Q1, and the charging power source passes through the resistor R3 ( The current through the resistor R3 is smaller than the first thyristor SCR1 and the second thyristor SCR2 minimum holding current) is connected to the first capacitor C1; the operating power of the voltage detecting pulse signal generator B is provided by the charging power source (which may also be provided by an external power source),
- the circuit of the voltage detecting pulse signal generator B can be composed of an integrated circuit such as 555 and related peripheral components.
- the resistor R3 is beneficial for keeping the first capacitor C1 in a fully charged state, and compensating for the first capacitor C1 when the mechanical switch is in the closed bounce and arc extinguishing.
- voltage detection pulse signal generator B can also use a built-in microcontroller circuit to facilitate the first capacitor C1
- the AD voltage is collected, and the capacity of the first capacitor C1, the load characteristics of the first load R1 and the second load R2 can be detected by the voltage change of the first capacitor C1, and the first thyristor SCR1, the second thyristor SCR2, and the first can be detected.
- the voltage detecting pulse signal generator B can also detect the voltage of the charging power source in the operating state (off, on, and breakdown states) of the transistor Q1.
- the second capacitor C2 is discharged through the first mechanical switch K1.
- the charging current of the second capacitor C2 triggers the first thyristor SCR1 to be turned on, and the first capacitor C1 passes through the first thyristor SCR1.
- the first load R1 forms a discharge circuit, and the voltage between the two ends of the first load R1 rises, and the electric field strength between the contacts of the first mechanical switch K1 rapidly decreases, so as to achieve the purpose of bounce and extinguish the arc of the first mechanical switch K1, A capacitor C1 loses charge during the arc-extinguishing process of the first mechanical switch K1, and the charging power source maintains the charging state of the first capacitor C1 through the resistor R3, which satisfies the need to provide sufficient arc-extinguishing charge for the first mechanical switch K1 to break the arc extinguishing.
- the voltage detecting pulse signal generator B uses a circuit with a built-in microcontroller, the resistor R3 can be omitted. According to the data collected by the voltage AD of the first capacitor C1, the voltage detecting pulse signal generator B outputs a narrow pulse signal to control the first transistor. Q1 is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 is recharged;
- the working principle of the arc extinguishing process of the second mechanical switch K2 is the same as that of the first mechanical switch K1, and will not be repeated here.
- the charging signal connected to the first capacitor C1 is a pulse charging signal.
- the control unit A When the control unit A is omitted, the first capacitor C1 needs to be connected to the pulse charging signal;
- a semiconductor device such as a Zener diode or a Zener diode having a turn-on voltage greater than 5 volts may be connected in series between the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3.
- a semiconductor device such as a Zener diode or a Zener diode
- the first capacitor C1 starts to discharge, and the voltage of the charging power source of the first capacitor C1 can be simultaneously or separately increased, and the charging power source is charged.
- the voltage value is in the range of 1 to 1.5 times (more than 1 time less than 1.5 times) of the main circuit voltage of the first mechanical switch K1 (second mechanical switch K2), when the contacts of the first mechanical switch K1 (second mechanical switch K2)
- the first thyristor SCR1 second thyristor SCR2
- a reverse voltage greater than 5 volts
- the two mechanical switches K2) charged particles between the contacts, quickly adsorbed to the contacts, to achieve rapid arc extinguishing, to overcome the risk of arc re-ignition.
- the control unit A may increase the discharge circuit to the first capacitor C1, in the first thyristor SCR1 or During the conduction of the second thyristor SCR2, the first capacitor C1 is discharged, so that the first thyristor SCR1 or the second thyristor SCR2 is quickly turned off.
- the circuit shown in Figure 1 is a working principle diagram. In practical applications, technical components can be added, such as series resistor current limiting in the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3, and the trigger circuits of the first thyristor SCR1 and the second thyristor SCR2.
- the first thyristor SCR1 and the second thyristor SCR2 are unidirectional thyristors, and a bidirectional thyristor may also be used.
- the cathode defined in the present invention may also be represented as a bidirectional thyristor equivalent electrode.
- the mechanical switch (the first mechanical switch and the second mechanical switch) is a contactor (relay).
- any mechanical breakpoint as an arc extinguishing target can also be defined as a mechanical switch, such as a fuse body and a connector. Wait.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- the first thyristor is triggered by the second capacitive coupling, and the first capacitor stores energy to extinguish the arc.
- the DC arc extinguishing application there is almost no leakage current of the main circuit, and the electrical isolation is good.
- the control unit only needs to detect the voltage across the first capacitor to determine the working state of the first thyristor and the second thyristor, control the charging of the first capacitor, and provide a synchronization signal without a mechanical switch, and can have no control coil
- the manual control switch, the travel switch and other mechanical switches perform arc extinguishing, and the application range is wide; when the multi-way mechanical switch is extinguished, the first capacitor and the control unit can be multiplexed, and the utility model has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost and fast response speed. .
- the voltage breaking force and the current breaking force of the mechanical switch can be greatly improved, and the low cost, low current and low voltage breaking force and small volume mechanical switch can be used instead of high cost and high current. High voltage breaking force, large volume mechanical switch.
- the first capacitor discharges the first load through the first thyristor to extinguish the arc.
- the thyristor has the advantages of large overload capability, short conduction time, low cost, and no zero-breaking current.
- the first thyristor When the voltage fluctuates in the state after the first mechanical opening and closing, the first thyristor is not turned on, the first thyristor has no temperature rise, and the first capacitor has a long electrical life.
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种直流灭弧装置特别是一种适合于对机械开关等机械触点灭弧的直流灭弧装置，所需灭弧的第一机械开关与第一负载串联，其包括第一晶闸管、第一电容、第二电容；第二电容、第一晶闸管的触发极、第一晶闸管的阴极组成第一串联电路，第一串联电路与第一机械开关并联，第一机械开关分断过程中，第一电容通过第一晶闸管、第一负载形成放电回路，用于第一机械开关分断灭弧。本发明设计合理，具有隔离性好、灭弧效果佳、电路简单的优点。
Description
本发明涉及一种直流灭弧装置特别是一种适合于对机械开关等机械触点快速灭弧的直流灭弧装置，也可以用于其它断点(如熔断体的熔断、插头与插座之间的断点、导线断点)的灭弧。
目前在新能源汽车、轨道交通、舰船、自动化控制等直流电控***中，普遍使用接触器(继电器)等机械开关对负载进行接通和分断控制，由于直流电没有零点，其分断电弧大，存在机械开关的电寿命短的缺点，随着机械开关的分断电压越大，其电寿命将大幅度降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有直流电控***中机械开关的电寿命短的问题，提供一种隔离性好、灭弧效果佳、电路简单的直流灭弧装置。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种直流灭弧装置，所需灭弧的第一机械开关与第一负载串联，其包括第一晶闸管、第一电容、第二电容；第二电容、第一晶闸管的触发极、第一晶闸管的阴极组成第一串联电路，第一串联电路与第一机械开关并联，第一机械开关分断过程中，第一电容通过第一晶闸管、第一负载形成放电回路，用于第一机械开关分断灭弧。
工作原理：第一机械开关分断过程中，第二电容的充电电流触发第一晶闸管导通，第一电容通过第一晶闸管、第一负载形成放电回路，第一负载两端之间的电压上升，第一机械开关的触点间电场强度快速下降，达到对第一机械开关快速灭弧的目的(即达到无电弧分断，或燃弧时间极短分断的目的)。
本发明设计合理，具有隔离性好、灭弧效果佳、电路简单的优点。
图1是本发明直流灭弧装置实施例一电路原理图。
本发明直流灭弧装置的实施例一，如图1所示：
一种直流灭弧装置，所需灭弧的第一机械开关K1与第一负载R1串联，其包括第一晶闸管SCR1、第一电容C1、第二电容C2；第二电容C2、第一晶闸管SCR1的触发极、第一晶闸管SCR1的阴极组成第一串联电路，第一串联电路与第一机械开关K1并联；所需灭弧的第二机械开关K2与第二负载R2串联，还包括第三电容C3、第二晶闸管SCR2，第三电容C3、第二晶闸管SCR2的触发极、第二晶闸管SCR2的阴极组成第二串联电路，第二串联电路与第二机械开关K2并联，第二机械开关K2分断过程中，第一电容C1通过第二晶闸管SCR2、第二负载R2形成放电回路，用于第二机械开关K2分断灭弧；还包括控制单元A，控制单元A用于检测第一电容C1的电压，第一电容C1通过第一晶闸管SCR1放电至第一晶闸管SCR1截止后，控制单元A导通，充电电源(由P1、P2端输入)通过控制单元A对第一电容C1充电。
控制单元A：其包括电压检测脉冲信号发生器B、第一晶体管Q1(为三极管，也可以为场效应管，或IGBT等全控型器件)、电阻R3组成，电压检测脉冲信号发生器B的电压输入端与第一电容C1连接，电压检测脉冲信号发生器B的输出信号连接至第一晶体管Q1的控制端，充电电源通过第一晶体管Q1与第一电容C1连接，充电电源通过电阻R3(通过电阻R3的电流要小于第一晶闸管SCR1、第二晶闸管SCR2最小维持电流)与第一电容C1连接；电压检测脉冲信号发生器B的工作电源由充电电源提供(也可以采用外部电源提供)，电压检测脉冲信号发生器B的电路可以采用555等集成电路配相关***元件组成，电阻R3有利于保持第一电容C1保持充满电状态，及弥补在机械开关在闭合弹跳灭弧时第一电容C1存储电荷的损失；电压检测脉冲信号发生器B也可采用内置微控制器的电路，方便对第一电容C1进行AD电压采集，通过第一电容C1的电压变化，可检测第一电容C1的容量、第一负载R1和第二负载R2的负载特性，可检测第一晶闸管SCR1、第二晶闸管SCR2、第一晶体管Q1的工作状态(截止、导通、击穿状态)，电压检测脉冲信号发生器B也可检测充电电源的电压。
工作原理：第一机械开关K1分断过程中，第二电容C2的充电电流触发第一晶闸管SCR1导通，第一电容C1通过第一晶闸管SCR1、第一负载R1形成放电回路，第一负载R1两端之间的电压上升，第一机械开关K1的触点间电场强度快速下降，达到对第一机械开关K1快速灭弧的目的(即达到无电弧分断，或燃弧时间极短分断的目的)，第一电容C1通过第一晶闸管SCR1放电至第一晶闸管SCR1截止后，控制单元A导通(为防止第一晶闸管SCR1再次导通，电压检测脉冲信号发生器B在第一晶闸管SCR1截止后，至少延时10微秒控制第一晶体管Q1导通)，充电电源(可采用直流电源，该直流电源也可以直接由第一 机械开关K1的主回路电源提供)通过控制单元A的第一晶体管Q1对第一电容C1充电，在电压检测脉冲信号发生器B输出的脉冲信号的脉宽内第一电容C1快速充满电，准备下个灭弧过程；
第一机械开关K1闭合过程中，第二电容C2通过第一机械开关K1放电，当出现弹跳时，第二电容C2的充电电流触发第一晶闸管SCR1导通，第一电容C1通过第一晶闸管SCR1、第一负载R1形成放电回路，第一负载R1两端之间的电压上升，第一机械开关K1的触点间电场强度快速下降，达到对第一机械开关K1闭合弹跳灭弧的目的，第一电容C1在第一机械开关K1闭后灭弧过程中电荷有损失，充电电源通过电阻R3对第一电容C1保持充电状态，满足对第一机械开关K1分断灭弧提供足够灭弧电荷，当电压检测脉冲信号发生器B采用内置微控制器的电路时，电阻R3可省略，根据对第一电容C1的电压AD采集的数据，电压检测脉冲信号发生器B输出一窄脉冲信号控制第一晶体管Q1导通，对第一电容C1补充充电；
第二机械开关K2的灭弧过程的工作原理与第一机械开关K1相同，在此就不一一赘述。
本实施例，第一电容C1连接的充电信号为脉冲充电信号，当控制单元A省略时，第一电容C1需连接脉冲充电信号；
为了减少第一电容C1的容量，提高灭弧响应速度，可以在第二电容C2、第三电容C3各串联一开启电压大于5伏特的半导体器件(如稳压二极管，或稳压二极管的等同器件)，使得第一机械开关K1(第二机械开关K2)的触点间产生间距时，第一电容C1才开始放电，也可同时或单独提高第一电容C1的充电电源的电压，充电电源的电压值在第一机械开关K1(第二机械开关K2)主回路电压的1到1.5倍区间(大于1倍小于1.5倍)，当第一机械开关K1(第二机械开关K2)的触点间产生电弧时，第一晶闸管SCR1(第二晶闸管SCR2)导通，第一机械开关K1(第二机械开关K2)的触点间产生反向电压(大于5伏特)，第一机械开关K1(第二机械开关K2)触点间的带电粒子，快速吸附到触点上，达到快速灭弧、克服电弧重燃的风险的目的。
本实施例，当第一负载R1或第二负载R2的阻抗较大时，为提升灭弧的二次响应速度，控制单元A可增加对第一电容C1的放电电路，在第一晶闸管SCR1或第二晶闸管SCR2导通期间，对第一电容C1放电，使得第一晶闸管SCR1或第二晶闸管SCR2快速截止。
图1所示的电路为工作原理图，在实际应用时，可增加技术性元件，如在第二电容C2、第三电容C3串联电阻限流，第一晶闸管SCR1、第二晶闸管SCR2的触发回路两个电极(触发极、阴极)反向并联二极管，第一晶闸管SCR1、第二晶闸管SCR2串联一二极管克 服闭合弹跳灭弧反向电压对第一晶闸管SCR1、第二晶闸管SCR2的影响；图1所示的第一晶闸管SCR1、第二晶闸管SCR2为单向晶闸管，也可以采用双向晶闸管，在本发明定义的阴极也可表示为双向晶闸管等同电极。
以上实施例中机械开关(第一机械开关、第二机械开关)为接触器(继电器)，本发明中，任何作为灭弧目标的机械断点也可定义为机械开关，如熔断体、接插件等。
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
1、第一晶闸管采用第二电容耦合触发，第一电容储能灭弧，在直流灭弧应用中几乎不存在主回路泄漏电流，电气隔离性好。
2、控制单元仅需对第一电容两端电压进行检测，即可判断出第一晶闸管、第二晶闸管的工作状态，控制对第一电容充电，无需机械开关提供同步信号，可以对没有控制线圈的手动控制的开关、行程开关等机械开关进行灭弧，适用范围广；对多路机械开关灭弧时，可以复用第一电容和控制单元，具有电路简单、成本低、响应速度快的优点。
3、采用本发明直流灭弧装置，可大幅度提高机械开关的电压分断力和电流分断力，可采用低成本、低电流和低电压分断力、小体积的机械开关替代成本高昂、高电流和高电压分断力、大体积的机械开关。
4、第一电容通过第一晶闸管对第一负载放电灭弧，晶闸管具有过载能力大、导通时间短、成本低、电流过零截止不产生分断过电压的优点。
5、第一机械开关闭后状态下电压波动时，第一晶闸管不导通，第一晶闸管无温升，第一电容电寿命长。
Claims (15)
- 一种直流灭弧装置，所需灭弧的第一机械开关与第一负载串联，其特征是：其包括第一晶闸管、第一电容、第二电容；所述第二电容、所述第一晶闸管的触发极、所述第一晶闸管的阴极组成第一串联电路，所述第一串联电路与所述第一机械开关并联，所述第一机械开关分断过程中，所述第一电容通过所述第一晶闸管、所述第一负载形成放电回路，用于所述第一机械开关分断灭弧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一电容连接脉冲充电信号。
- 根据权利要求1所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第二电容串联一开启电压大于5伏特的半导体器件。
- 根据权利要求3所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述半导体器件为稳压二极管，或为稳压二极管的等同器件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一控制单元，所述控制单元检测所述第一电容的电压，所述第一电容通过所述第一晶闸管放电至所述第一晶闸管截止后，所述控制单元导通，充电电源通过所述控制单元对所述第一电容充电。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一电容通过所述第一晶闸管放电至所述第一晶闸管截止后，所述控制单元至少延时10微秒导通，所述充电电源通过所述控制单元对所述第一电容充电。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元的工作电源由所述充电电源提供。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述充电电源为直流电源。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述充电电源的电压值在所述第一机械开关的主回路电压的1到1.5倍区间。
- 根据权利要求9所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一机械开关的触点间产生电弧时，所述第一晶闸管导通，所述第一机械开关的触点间反向电压大于5伏特。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，所需灭弧的第二机械开关与第二负载串联，其特征是：还包括第三电容、第二晶闸管，所述第三电容、所述第二晶闸管的触发极、所述第二晶闸管的阴极组成第二串联电路，所述第二串联电路与所述第二机械开关并联，所述第二机械开关分断过程中，所述第一电容通过所述第二晶闸管、所述第二负载形成放电回路，用于所述第二机械开关分断灭弧。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一晶闸管导通期间，所述控制单元对所述第一电容放电。
- 根据权利要求5所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元由电压检测脉冲信号发生器和第一晶体管组成，所述电压检测脉冲信号发生器的电压输入端与所述第一电容连接，所述电压检测脉冲信号发生器的输出信号连接至所述第一晶体管的控制端，所述充电电源通过所述第一晶体管与所述第一电容连接。
- 根据权利要求13所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一电阻，所述充电电源通过所述电阻与所述第一电容连接。
- 根据权利要求13所述的直流灭弧装置，其特征是：所述电压检测脉冲信号发生器内置微控制器。
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| CN106783297A (zh) * | 2016-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 广州市金矢电子有限公司 | 直流灭弧功率器件驱动装置及灭弧装置 |
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