WO2021190666A1 - 灭弧装置 - Google Patents

灭弧装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021190666A1
WO2021190666A1 PCT/CN2021/085138 CN2021085138W WO2021190666A1 WO 2021190666 A1 WO2021190666 A1 WO 2021190666A1 CN 2021085138 W CN2021085138 W CN 2021085138W WO 2021190666 A1 WO2021190666 A1 WO 2021190666A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
arc
arc extinguishing
electrode
current
mechanical switch
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PCT/CN2021/085138
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭桥石
刘建德
贾宝华
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郭桥石
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Application filed by 郭桥石 filed Critical 郭桥石
Priority to CN202180018274.1A priority Critical patent/CN115210834A/zh
Publication of WO2021190666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021190666A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arc extinguishing device for mechanical switching arcs, in particular to an arc extinguishing device that is simple, high in safety and convenient to implement.
  • the mechanical switch in order to overcome the arc burning loss of the mechanical switch, the mechanical switch is usually connected in parallel with electronic components (capacitors, semiconductor switches and other components) for arc extinguishing, which has safety problems such as low withstand voltage and easy breakdown.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems and provide an arc extinguishing device that is simple, has high pressure resistance and safety, and is convenient to implement.
  • An arc extinguishing device includes an arc extinguishing electrode. During the breaking process of a mechanical switch that requires arc extinguishing, the arc between the contacts of the mechanical switch is connected to the arc extinguishing electrode, and the arc extinguishing electrode is used to input the arc extinguishing current (ie The current used for arc extinguishing).
  • the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simplicity, high pressure resistance, high safety, and convenient implementation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • the mechanical switch K of this embodiment is a bridge (double break point) structure, and the contact A1, the contact A2, and the contact bridge A3 are in the arc extinguishing chamber G (that is, the arc extinguishing cavity In ), the arc extinguishing object is between the contact A1 (the first contact, the first static contact) and the contact A2 (the second contact, the second static contact, which can be set to connect to the load end) of the mechanical switch K
  • the arc includes the first arc formed by the contact bridge A3 and the contact A1 and the second arc formed by the contact bridge A3 and the contact A2.
  • Electrode B1 provides electric pulse (arc extinguishing current) to the second arc to extinguish the arc.
  • the arc extinguishing piece G1 extinguishes the first arc, which is beneficial to reduce the influence of the arc on the insulation of the arc extinguishing chamber and improve the electrical life of the mechanical switch K.
  • the arc extinguishing electrode B1 of each mechanical switch K is the same node.
  • each arc extinguishing electrode B1 is connected through an uncontrollable device D1 (D2), and the uncontrollable device D1 (D2) is connected by a common cathode or (and) a common anode.
  • the node N1 or common cathode of the common anode The node N2 is used to input the current for arc extinguishing.
  • This embodiment is a bidirectional DC or AC arc extinguishing circuit.
  • it is used for unidirectional DC or AC synchronous arc extinguishing, you can choose one of the uncontrollable devices D1 or D2, the uncontrollable device and the controllable device Compared with the advantages of strong overload capacity and no need for control circuit control.
  • the above embodiments may also include a capacitor as a current source for providing arc extinguishing current.
  • One end of the capacitor is connected to N1 (N2, or the arc extinguishing electrode B1), and the other end of the capacitor is connected to A1 (or the power supply connected to the A1 end) or A2.
  • the capacitor can be connected to a discharge element (a resistor, or a discharge switch), and the capacitor can also form a series circuit (two-terminal circuit) with a voltage detection switch (a delay switch can be used).
  • One end of the series circuit is connected to N1 (N2, or arc extinguishing electrode B1) is connected, and the other end of the series circuit is connected to A1 (or the power supply connected to A1) or A2.
  • the current source U includes a first switch S1 (preferably a fully-controlled semiconductor switch, such as a field effect transistor, a triode IGBT and other devices, you can also choose a relay, or a contactor, or a mechanical switch such as a circuit breaker.
  • a first switch S1 preferably a fully-controlled semiconductor switch, such as a field effect transistor, a triode IGBT and other devices, you can also choose a relay, or a contactor, or a mechanical switch such as a circuit breaker.
  • a semi-controlled semiconductor device When a semi-controlled semiconductor device is used, a capacitor in series is required), control unit C, current limiting element R1 (option, resistance)
  • the first switch S1 and the current limiting element R1 are connected in series with the arc extinguishing electrode B1.
  • the control signal of the first switch S1 is provided by the control unit C.
  • the control unit C is used to detect the voltage of the arc extinguishing electrode B1 (such as the first switch S1 in In the open or cut-off state, preferably the voltage of B1 relative to A2, or the voltage of B1 relative to the load ground) or current (for example, when the first switch S1 is in the closed or conducting state), the arc is detected, and the mechanical switch K is connected.
  • the voltage of the arc extinguishing electrode B1 such as the first switch S1 in In the open or cut-off state, preferably the voltage of B1 relative to A2, or the voltage of B1 relative to the load ground
  • current for example, when the first switch S1 is in the closed or conducting state
  • the power supply (a power supply with an output voltage greater than the working voltage of the load connected to the mechanical switch K can also be used, or a capacitor to provide the power) provides the arc extinguishing current of the arc extinguishing electrode B1 through the first switch S1 (that is, the first switch S1 is connected to A1 When an arc occurs between the contacts A1 and A2 of the mechanical switch K during the breaking process of the mechanical switch K, the current source U outputs a pulse current to the arc extinguishing electrode B1 (when the first switch S1 When in the closed or conducting state, the control unit C delays the control of the first switch S1 to open or cut off) to achieve arc extinguishing, and the current-limiting element R1 (option, resistor) is used for current-limiting protection.
  • the current-limiting element R1 optional, resistor
  • control signal of the mechanical switch K can also be provided by the control unit C, or (and) the control signal of the mechanical switch K (or synchronization signal, which can be provided by the auxiliary switch of the mechanical switch) is transmitted to the control unit C, Or (and) the voltage signal (the voltage at both ends of the load, or the voltage at both ends of the mechanical switch, or the voltage at the connection end relative to other nodes) between the mechanical switch K and the load is transmitted to the control unit C, which is beneficial to the control unit C.
  • the arc status of each path is effectively screened.
  • the control unit C preferably has a built-in microcontroller or programmable logic device and other programmable devices; the control unit C can perform real-time control or delay control on the first switch S1; J1 is the control port (option ), J2 is a communication port (option); the control unit is used to detect the voltage or current of the arc extinguishing electrode (add a corresponding current sensor), or the control unit is used to detect the voltage or current of the power supply ( Increase the corresponding current sensor).
  • uncontrollable devices can also be connected in series with each arc extinguishing electrode (refer to the circuit shown in Fig. 3).
  • the voltage of the current source of the arc extinguishing current input to the node N1 (N2) can be greater than the (same polarity) working voltage of the load connected to the mechanical switch K.
  • the above embodiment is used for AC (or AC synchronous arc extinguishing) Or DC arc extinguishing.
  • the arc includes the front arc (B1 and A1 section) that is extinguished first and the back arc (B1 and A2) that is extinguished later.
  • the distance between the arc extinguishing electrode B1 and the movable contact A1 (as shown in Figure 3) in the disconnected state is greater than the distance between the arc extinguishing electrode B1 and the static contact A2, which is beneficial to reduce the burning loss of the mechanical switch, and
  • the voltage of the arc extinguishing current is greater than the voltage of the power supply of the mechanical switch, it is beneficial to reduce the risk of the arc extinguishing current discharging the power supply of the mechanical switch through the arc.
  • the position of the arc extinguishing electrode B1 relative to the contact A1 or the contact A2 can be adjusted (in principle, the arc extinguishing electrode B1 should be close to the contact connected to the load), in order to adjust the arc ignition effect, the arc extinguishing connected to the arc Electrode B1 can flexibly adopt any shape (such as needle shape, ring shape, strip shape, U shape, Y shape, flat shape, etc.), and can also be used with magnetic blowing arc extinguishing devices to realize the connection between the arc and the arc extinguishing electrode, such as a mechanical
  • a permanent magnet can be placed at the end where the arc extinguishing electrode B1 is connected, so that the second arc can be connected to the arc extinguishing electrode B1 more quickly.
  • the magnetic blowing arc design has a smaller magnetic blowing force on the first arc than on the second arc, which is beneficial to reduce the impact
  • the mechanical switch K can be a relay, or a contactor, or a circuit breaker, or an isolating switch, or a manual switch, and the mechanical switch can be a non-sealed (non-air-filled, non-vacuum) switch;
  • the mechanical switch K can adopt single-breakpoint or double-breakpoint structure as required
  • the mechanical switch can be a mechanical switch that does not have the operating current (or voltage) to break or remove the original arc extinguishing grid of the mechanical switch, so as to reduce cost, volume and product weight.
  • a capacitor when a capacitor is used to provide the arc extinguishing electrode with the arc extinguishing electrode, when it is detected that the arc is connected to the arc extinguishing electrode, it is preferable to provide the arc extinguishing current with a delay, because the contact surface between the initial arc and the arc extinguishing electrode is relatively small , The output current of the capacitor has a slow rise rate, and the output arc extinguishing current is small;
  • the voltage of the current source of the arc extinguishing current connected to the arc extinguishing electrode may be greater than the working voltage of the load connected to the mechanical switch.
  • the arc extinguishing electrode can also be used as a detection electrode for the leakage current of the mechanical switch (between A1 and B1, between A2 and B1).
  • the arc extinguishing device of the present invention can be used for mechanical switches in vehicles, or aviation, or ships, or new energy, and automatic control;
  • the load and power supply connected by the mechanical switch are defined as references to each other.
  • the power supply is defined as a load
  • the load is defined as a power supply.
  • the loads connected by each mechanical switch can be a common load or independent loads.
  • the power supply connected to each mechanical switch can share one power supply, or it can be an independent power supply.
  • the present invention uses an arc extinguishing electrode to establish an electrical connection with the mechanical switch contact point, and has the following advantages:
  • the current source for arc extinguishing is well isolated from the load, and the safety is high;
  • a mechanical switch needs only one arc extinguishing electrode (that is, an arc connection point) to achieve arc extinguishing, which is beneficial to adjust the position of the arc extinguishing electrode relative to the two contacts of the mechanical switch to achieve the best arc extinguishing effect, and It has little effect on the original electrical performance (arc extinguishing performance) of the mechanical switch and is easy to implement;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种针对机械开关（K）电弧的灭弧装置，其包括一灭弧电极（B1），在所需灭弧的机械开关（K）分断过程中，机械开关（K）的触点（A1，A2）间的电弧与灭弧电极（B1）连接，所述灭弧电极（B1）用于输入灭弧的电流，该灭弧装置具有简单、安全性高且方便实施的优点。

Description

灭弧装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种针对机械开关电弧的灭弧装置，特别是一种简单、安全性高且方便实施的灭弧装置。
背景技术
目前在电控***中，为克服机械开关的电弧烧损，通常在机械开关并联电子元器件(电容，半导体开关等元器件)进行灭弧，其存在耐压低容易击穿等安全问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决前面所述的问题，提供一种简单、耐压及安全性高，且方便实施的灭弧装置。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种灭弧装置，其包括一灭弧电极，在所需灭弧的机械开关分断过程中，机械开关的触点间的电弧与灭弧电极连接，灭弧电极用于输入灭弧电流(即用于灭弧的电流)。
工作原理：如图1所示，包括灭弧电极B1，当机械开关K的触点A1(第一触点)、A2(第二触点)断开时，触点A1与触点A2之间的电弧与灭弧电极B1连接，可设触点A2用于连接负载，灭弧电极B1通过B1与A2之间的电弧提供一脉冲电流给负载，实现对B1与A1之间的电弧(前段电弧)灭弧，脉冲电流过后，B1与A2之间的电弧(后段电弧)熄灭，完成整个灭弧过程，机械开关K数量为一，或一以上。
本发明设计合理，具有简单、耐压及安全性高且方便实施的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明灭弧装置原理图。
图2是本发明灭弧装置实施例一原理图。
图3是本发明灭弧装置实施例二原理图。
图4是本发明灭弧装置实施例三原理图。
具体实施方式
本发明灭弧装置实施例一：
如图2所示，包括灭弧电极B1，本实施例的机械开关K为桥接(双断点)结构，触点A1、触点A2、触桥A3在灭弧室G(即灭弧腔体)中，灭弧对象为机械开关K的触点A1(第一触点，第一静触点)、触点A2(第二触点，第二静触点，可设为连接负载端)间的电弧，电弧包括触桥A3与触点A1形成的第一电弧及触桥A3与触点A2形成的第二电弧，机械开关 K分断过程中，第二电弧与灭弧电极B1连接，灭弧电极B1对第二电弧提供电脉冲(灭弧电流)灭弧，当灭弧电极B1灭弧失败时，第一电弧与灭弧片G1(为灭弧腔体的壁，或为灭弧栅等等同装置)连接，灭弧片G1对第一电弧灭弧，这样有利于减少电弧对灭弧室绝缘的影响，提高机械开关K的电寿命。
本实施例，各机械开关K的灭弧电极B1为同一节点。
本发明灭弧装置实施例二：
如图3所示，包括灭弧电极B1、不可控型器件D1(D2，不可控半导体开关，优选二极管)，所需灭弧的机械开关K，不可控型器件D1(D2)用于对各机械开关之间隔离，各灭弧电极B1通过不可控型器件D1(D2)相连接，不可控型器件D1(D2)采用共阴或(和)共阳连接，共阳的节点N1或共阴的节点N2用于输入用于灭弧的电流。
本实施例为一双向直流或交流的灭弧电路，当用于单向直流或交流同步灭弧时，可以在不可控型器件D1或D2中二选一，不可控型器件与可控型器件相比具有过载能力强、无需控制电路控制的优点。
以上实施例，还可以包括一电容作为提供灭弧电流的电流源，电容的一端与N1(N2，或灭弧电极B1)连接，电容的另一端与A1(或A1端连接的电源)或A2端连接，电容可以连接一放电元件(一电阻，或一放电开关)，电容也可以与一电压检测开关(可采用一延时开关)组成串联电路(二端电路)，串联电路的一端与N1(N2，或灭弧电极B1)连接，串联电路的另一端与A1(或A1端连接的电源)或A2端连接。
本发明灭弧装置实施例三：
在以上实施例的基础上，还包括提供灭弧电流的电流源U，如图4所示，电流源U包括第一开关S1(优选为一全控型半导体开关，如场效应管，三极管，IGBT等器件，也可以选一继电器，或一接触器，或一断路器等机械开关，当采用半控型半导体器件时需要串联一电容)、控制单元C、限流元件R1(选项，电阻)组成，第一开关S1、限流元件R1与灭弧电极B1串联，第一开关S1的控制信号由控制单元C提供，控制单元C用于检测灭弧电极B1的电压(如第一开关S1处于断开或截止状态时，优选B1相对于A2的电压，或B1相对于负载地的电压)或电流(如第一开关S1处于闭合或导通状态时)，实现检测电弧，机械开关K连接的电源(也可采用一输出电压大于机械开关K连接负载的工作电压的电源，或由一电容提供该电源)通过第一开关S1提供灭弧电极B1的灭弧电流(即第一开关S1对A1与B1之间的电弧旁路)，在机械开关K分断过程中，当机械开关K触点A1、A2间出现电弧时，电流源U输出一脉冲电流给灭弧电极B1(当第一开关S1处于闭合或导通状态时，为控制单元C延时 控制第一开关S1断开或截止)，实现灭弧，限流元件R1(选项，电阻)用于限流保护。
实施例三，机械开关K的控制信号也可以由控制单元C提供，或(和)机械开关K的控制信号(或同步信号，该同步信号可由机械开关的辅助开关提供)传递至控制单元C，或(和)机械开关K与负载连接端的电压信号(负载两端的电压，或机械开关两端的电压，或该连接端相对于其它节点的电压)传递至控制单元C，这样有利于控制单元C对各路电弧状态进行有效甄别，控制单元C优选内置微控制器，或可编程逻辑器件等可编程器件；控制单元C可以对第一开关S1进行实时控制或延时控制；J1为控制端口(选项)，J2为通信口(选项)；所述控制单元用于检测所述灭弧电极的电压或电流(增加相应的电流传感器)，或所述控制单元用于检测所述电源的电压或电流(增加相应的电流传感器)。
实施例一、三，根据需求，也可在各灭弧电极串联不可控型器件(参考如图3所示电路)。
以上实施例，节点N1(N2)输入的灭弧电流的电流源的电压可以大于(同极性)机械开关K连接的负载的工作电压，以上实施例，用于交流(或交流同步灭弧)或直流灭弧。
以上实施例，电弧包括先熄灭的前段电弧(B1与A1段)和后熄灭的后段电弧(B1与A2段)，优选为前段电弧的长度大于后段电弧的长度，或当机械开关为单断点结构时，断开状态下灭弧电极B1与动触点A1(如图3所示)的距离大于灭弧电极B1与静触点A2的距离，有利于减少机械开关的烧损，且灭弧电流的电压大于机械开关的电源的电压时，有利于减少灭弧电流通过电弧对机械开关的电源放电的风险。
以上实施例，可通过调整灭弧电极B1相对于触点A1或触点A2的位置(原则上灭弧电极B1要接近负载连接的触点)，为调整引弧效果，与电弧连接的灭弧电极B1可以灵活采用任意形状(如针状、环状、条形、U形、Y型、平板形等)，也可以配合磁吹灭弧等装置，实现电弧与灭弧电极连接，如当机械开关K采用桥接结构时，可在连接有灭弧电极B1端放一块永磁体，使得第二电弧更快与灭弧电极B1建立连接。磁吹灭弧设计对第一电弧的磁吹力小于对第二电弧的磁吹力，有利于减少第一电弧对机械开关电寿命的影响。
以上实施例，机械开关K可以为继电器，或为接触器，或为断路器，或为隔离开关，或为手动开关，机械开关可选非密封(非充气、非真空)开关；
机械开关K可以根据需要采用单断点或双断点结构；
机械开关可以采用不具备分断工作电流(或电压)的机械开关或去掉机械开关原来的灭弧栅，以便减低成本、减少体积及产品重量。
以上实施例，当采用电容为灭弧电极提供灭弧电流时，当检测到电弧连接到灭弧电极时，优选为延时提供灭弧电流，因为起始电弧与灭弧电极的接触面比较小，电容的输出电流上升 速率也慢，输出灭弧电流较小；
以上实施例，灭弧电极连接的灭弧电流的电流源的电压可以大于机械开关连接的负载的工作电压。
以上实施例，灭弧电极也可以作为机械开关(A1与B1之间，A2与B1之间)的漏电流的检测电极。
本发明灭弧装置可用于车载，或航空，或舰船，或新能源，及自动化控制等场合的机械开关；
本发明对机械开关连接的负载和电源是以相互作为参照物进行定义，当电源定义为负载时，负载定义为电源，各机械开关连接的负载可以为共用一个负载，也可以采用各自独立的负载，各机械开关连接的电源可以共用一个电源，也可以为各自独立电源。
综上所述，本发明利用一灭弧电极与机械开关触点间的电弧建立电气连接，具有以下优点：
1、简单、无泄漏电流，耐压高；
2、灭弧用的电流源与负载的隔离好，安全性高；
3、一个机械开关只要一个灭弧电极(即为一电弧连接点)即可实现灭弧，有利于调整灭弧电极相对于机械开关的两个触点的位置，实现最佳灭弧效果，且对机械开关原有电气性能(灭弧性能)影响小，容易实施；
4、当采用多个机械开关的组网共用一个电流源时，无需可控开关作为切换，电路简单、隔离性好、成本低。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种灭弧装置，其特征是：其包括一灭弧电极，在所需灭弧的机械开关分断过程中，所述机械开关的触点间的电弧与所述灭弧电极连接，所述灭弧电极用于输入用于灭弧的电流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述电弧包括先熄灭的前段电弧和后熄灭的后段电弧，所述前段电弧的长度大于所述后段电弧的长度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述机械开关为单断点结构，所述机械开关断开状态下，所述灭弧电极与所述动触点的距离大于所述灭弧电极与所述静触点的距离。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所需灭弧的机械开关数量至少为二，与各所述电弧连接的所述灭弧电极为同一节点，所述节点用于输入所述电流；或还包括不可控型器件，各所述灭弧电极通过所述不可控型器件相连接，所述不可控型器件采用共阳或共阴连接，所述共阳的节点或所述共阴的节点用于输入所述电流。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述灭弧电极作为所述机械开关的漏电流的检测电极。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述机械开关包括一触桥、第一触点、第二触点，所述电弧包括所述触桥与所述第一触点形成的第一电弧及所述触桥与所述第二触点形成的第二电弧，所述机械开关分断过程中，所述第二电弧与所述灭弧电极连接，当所述灭弧电极灭弧失败时，利用一灭弧片对所述第一电弧灭弧。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括提供所述电流的电流源，所述电流源包括第一开关、一控制单元，所述第一开关的控制信号由所述控制单元提供，一电源通过所述第一开关提供所述电流。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述电源为所述机械开关连接的电源。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一开关为一全控型半导体开关，或为一半控型半导体开关，或为一机械开关。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元用于检测所述灭弧电极的电压或电流，或所述控制单元用于检测所述电源的电压或电流。
PCT/CN2021/085138 2020-04-03 2021-04-01 灭弧装置 WO2021190666A1 (zh)

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