WO2019042156A1 - 电子废弃物资源化回收*** - Google Patents

电子废弃物资源化回收*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042156A1
WO2019042156A1 PCT/CN2018/100981 CN2018100981W WO2019042156A1 WO 2019042156 A1 WO2019042156 A1 WO 2019042156A1 CN 2018100981 W CN2018100981 W CN 2018100981W WO 2019042156 A1 WO2019042156 A1 WO 2019042156A1
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conveyor
gas
outlet
plasma
flue gas
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PCT/CN2018/100981
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘静欣
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武汉丰盈长江生态科技研究总院有限公司
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Publication of WO2019042156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042156A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/022—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres, undulated fibres, fibres presenting a rough surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/20—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electronic waste recycling, in particular to an electronic waste resource recycling system.
  • Electronic waste commonly known as “electronic waste” refers to the waste generated in the production process of electronic and electrical products and the electronic and electrical equipment that is discarded and is no longer used. It has a wide variety, complex composition and structure, and involves various fields of industrial production and residents' life. . With the rapid development of the electronic information industry and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the speed of electronic product replacement is gradually increasing. The annual global electronic waste generation is as high as 40-50 million tons, and still grows by 5-10% annually. The increase in the rate poses a huge threat to the global ecological environment. Due to different application functions, working principles, and manufacturing processes, the structure of electronic products varies greatly. The composition and content of metals, plastics, ceramics, etc. contained in them are also different. The efficient recycling of electronic waste has become One of the difficult problems to be solved.
  • the common practice in industrial processing of electronic waste is to manually or semi-automatically disassemble plastic or metal casings, common parts, hazardous parts or materials, circuit boards, and the like.
  • Some ordinary parts are directly downgraded after passing the test; the outer casing and the non-recyclable ordinary parts can be obtained by mechanical crushing and sorting to obtain plastic, metal, ceramic and other pellets, which are recycled and reused after simple recycling; mobile phone batteries, Harmful parts such as printer ink cartridges and hazardous materials such as phosphors and liquid refrigerants are disposed of by specialized processing companies.
  • the circuit board with the highest recycling value does not currently have a wide range of applicable technologies, such as wide applicability, strong operation, and economical and environmentally friendly recycling technology. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electronic waste resource recycling system with full utilization of resources and no secondary pollution.
  • an electronic waste resource recovery system includes a pretreatment device, a plasma gasification smelting device, a flue gas resource utilization device, and a valuable metal extraction device;
  • the gas outlet is connected to the air vent of the plasma gasification smelting device, and the discharge port of the pretreatment device is connected to the feed port of the plasma gasification smelting device; the flue gas outlet and the flue gas resource of the plasma gasification smelting device.
  • the inlet of the apparatus is connected, and the melt outlet of the plasma gasification smelting apparatus is connected to the inlet of the valuable metal extraction apparatus.
  • the pretreatment device comprises a raw material silo, a first conveyor, a shear crusher, a second conveyor, a slag forming agent silo, a third conveyor, a binder silo, a fourth conveyor, Mixer, fifth conveyor, closed sintering machine, sixth conveyor, sintering furnace heating furnace, sintering exhaust gas collector, sintering exhaust gas pipeline, oxygen plant, oxygen-rich pipeline, gas mixing tank, intake pipeline, coke Silo and seventh conveyor;
  • the discharge port of the raw material silo, the first conveyor, the shear crusher and the second conveyor are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the slag agent silo is connected with the feeding end of the third conveyor.
  • the discharge port of the binder silo is connected to the feed end of the fourth conveyor, the discharge end of the second conveyor, the discharge end of the third conveyor, and the discharge end of the fourth conveyor are Connected to the feed port of the mixer;
  • the mixing machine, the fifth conveyor, the closed sintering machine, and the sixth conveyor are sequentially connected, and an inlet of the sintering exhaust gas collector is connected to an air outlet of the closed sintering machine, and the sintering exhaust gas collector is
  • the gas outlet is connected to the tail gas inlet of the gas mixing chamber through the sintering exhaust gas pipeline;
  • the oxygen inlet of the oxygen generating station is connected to the air inlet of the gas mixing chamber through the oxygen-rich pipeline, and the discharge port and the seventh conveying of the coke silo The feed ends of the machine are connected.
  • a first flow meter is disposed on the pipeline of the sintering exhaust gas pipeline; and a second flowmeter is disposed on the pipeline of the oxygen-rich pipeline.
  • the plasma gasification smelting apparatus includes a plasma furnace, a melt chute, and a flue gas duct;
  • the plasma furnace is provided with a feed port, a blast port, a melt outlet, and a flue gas outlet; the discharge end of the sixth conveyor and the discharge end of the seventh conveyor are connected to the feed port of the plasma furnace
  • the gas outlet of the gas mixing chamber is connected to the air outlet of the plasma furnace through an air inlet duct, and the melt outlet of the plasma furnace is connected to the liquid inlet of the melt chute, and the flue gas outlet and the flue gas of the plasma furnace
  • the air inlets of the pipes are connected.
  • the flue gas outlet is disposed at the top of the plasma furnace
  • the melt outlet is disposed at the bottom of the plasma furnace
  • the tuyere is disposed at a middle portion of the plasma furnace
  • the feed port is located at the flue gas outlet and the tuyere
  • the air vents are arranged in a single layer or a double layer along the longitudinal direction of the plasma furnace, and the number of each layer is 3 to 12; the number of the exhaust ports is 1 to 4, and is connected to the exhaust port.
  • a lower portion of the plasma furnace is provided with a plasma torch along a circumferential direction thereof, and the plasma torch is located between the air blowing port and the melt outlet, and the number is 3 to 12.
  • the flue gas resourceizing device comprises a pure water tank, a quenching tower, a hot water pipeline, a filter, a waste heat boiler, a first gas pipeline, a cyclone dust collector, a second gas pipeline, a bag dust collector, and a third a gas pipeline, an alkali suction tower, a fourth gas pipeline, a water vapor reforming tower, a fifth gas pipeline, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower, a gas circulation pipeline, a primary oil pipeline, a refined distillation tower, and a refined oil output pipeline;
  • the water outlet of the pure water tank is connected to the cold water inlet of the upper part of the quenching tower, and the gas outlet of the flue gas duct is connected with the air inlet of the lower part of the quenching tower, and the hot water outlet of the bottom of the quenching tower passes through the hot water pipeline Connected to the filter and the waste heat boiler in sequence;
  • the fifth gas pipeline, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower, the primary oil pipeline, the refined distillation tower, and the refined oil output pipeline are connected in sequence; the gas outlet of the top of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower is connected to the inlet of the steam reforming tower through the gas circulation pipeline .
  • the flue gas resource utilization device further includes a sludge bin, a first-stage ash collection bin, and a second-stage ash collection bin, wherein the sludge bin is disposed at a bottom of the filter and disposed opposite to the sludge outlet;
  • the level ash collection bin is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector and is arranged opposite to the ash outlet;
  • the second ash collection bin is arranged at the bottom of the bag filter and directly arranged opposite to the ash outlet.
  • the valuable metal extraction device comprises a holding furnace, an alloy chute, a disc ingot casting machine, a transfer device, an electrolysis tank, a slag chute, and a glass drawing machine;
  • the liquid outlet of the melt chute is connected to the liquid inlet of the top of the holding furnace, and the alloy outlet at the bottom of the holding furnace is sequentially connected with the alloy chute and the disc ingot machine, and the transfer device is arranged in the disc casting machine.
  • the slag outlet of the upper part of the holding furnace is connected to the slag chute and the glass drawing machine in sequence.
  • the second conveyor, the third conveyor, the fourth conveyor, the sixth conveyor, and the seventh conveyor are all conveyors with weighing and weighing devices, and the closed sintering machine adopts N 2 A sintering machine for protecting indirect heating; a CO detecting device and an O 2 detecting device are disposed in the gas mixing chamber.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention provides a pretreatment device, a plasma gasification smelting device, a flue gas resource device, and a valuable metal extraction device in a short process flow, thereby realizing the harmlessness of the sintering gas and the waste heat recovery of the smelting flue gas.
  • the harmless, exhaust gas resources, comprehensive metal recycling, etc. the electronic waste is fully harmless, reduced, and resourced.
  • the system can promote the application of solid waste mixed with similar organic and metal materials. The field of resource recycling.
  • the medium ion gasification smelting temperature of the invention is high, and the organic matter in the electronic waste can be fully cracked, and the components such as metal, metal oxide, glass and ceramic are melted at the same time, and the composition requirements of the electronic waste are low.
  • the invention fully utilizes the non-metallic materials while recovering and extracting the metal in the electronic waste, and the organic matter plays a partial bonding role in the sintering process, wherein the carbon and hydrogen resources contained therein are recovered in the process of flue gas resource recycling.
  • Silica-containing materials such as ceramics and glass reduce the amount of slag-forming agent and are ultimately processed into valuable glass products.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of an electronic waste recycling system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic enlarged view of the pretreatment apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic enlarged plan view of the plasma furnace of the medium ion gasification smelting apparatus of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic enlarged structural view of the flue gas resourceizing device of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic enlarged view of the valuable metal extraction device of Figure 1.
  • the pretreatment apparatus 1 includes a raw material silo 101, a first conveyor 102, a shear crusher 103, a second conveyor 104, a slag forming agent silo 105, a third conveyor 106, a binder silo 107, and a Four conveyors 108, a mixer 109, a fifth conveyor 110, a closed sintering machine 111, a sixth conveyor 112, a sintering furnace heating furnace 113, a sintering exhaust gas collector 114, a sintering exhaust gas line 115, and a first flow meter 116
  • the plasma gasification smelting apparatus 2 includes a plasma furnace 201 (in which: a feed port a, a blast port b, a plasma torch c, a melt outlet d, a flue gas outlet e), a melt chute 202, and a flue gas duct 203.
  • a plasma furnace 201 in which: a feed port a, a blast port b, a plasma torch c, a melt outlet d, a flue gas outlet e), a melt chute 202, and a flue gas duct 203.
  • the flue gas resource generating device 3 includes a pure water tank 301, a quenching tower 302, a hot water pipe 303, a filter 304, a waste heat boiler 305, a sludge bin 306, a first gas pipe 307, a cyclone dust collector 308, and a primary ash.
  • the valuable metal extraction device 4 includes a holding furnace 401, an alloy chute 402, a disk ingot casting machine 403, a transfer device 404, an electrolytic cell 405, a slag chute 406, and a glass drawing machine 407.
  • an electronic waste resource recovery system includes a pretreatment device 1, a plasma gasification smelting device 2, a flue gas resource device 3, and a valuable metal extraction device 4; an outlet port of the pretreatment device 1 and The blast port of the plasma gasification smelting device 2 is connected, the discharge port of the pretreatment device 1 is connected to the feed port of the plasma gasification smelting device 2; the flue gas outlet of the plasma gasification smelting device 2 and the flue gas resource device 3 The gas inlets are connected, and the melt outlet of the plasma gasification smelting apparatus 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the valuable metal extraction device 4.
  • the pretreatment apparatus 1 includes a raw material silo 101, a first conveyor 102, a shear crusher 103, a second conveyor 104, a slag forming agent silo 105, a third conveyor 106, an adhesive silo 107, and a fourth Conveyor 108, mixer 109, fifth conveyor 110, closed sintering machine 111, sixth conveyor 112, sintering furnace heating furnace 113, sintering exhaust gas collector 114, sintering exhaust gas pipeline 115, oxygen generating station 117, rich An oxygen conduit 118, a gas mixing chamber 120, an intake duct 121, a coke silo 122, and a seventh conveyor 123;
  • the raw material silo 101, the first conveyor 102, the shearing crusher 103, and the second conveyor 104 are sequentially connected, and the discharge port of the slag forming agent silo 105 is connected to the feeding end of the third conveyor 106, and the binder
  • the discharge port of the silo 107 is connected to the feed end of the fourth conveyor 108, the discharge end of the second conveyor 104, the discharge end of the third conveyor 106, and the discharge end of the fourth conveyor 108 are
  • the feed ports of the mixer 109 are connected; the second conveyor 104, the third conveyor 106, the fourth conveyor 108, the sixth conveyor 112, and the seventh conveyor 123 are all conveyors with weighing and weighing devices.
  • the sealed sintering machine 111 is a sintering machine that uses N 2 protection indirect heating; the gas mixing chamber 120 is provided with a CO detecting device and an O 2 detecting device.
  • the discharge port of the mixer 109, the fifth conveyor 110, the closed sintering machine 111, and the sixth conveyor 112 are sequentially connected, and the inlet of the sintering exhaust gas collector 114 is connected to the gas outlet of the closed sintering machine 111, and sintered.
  • the gas outlet of the exhaust gas collector 114 is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the gas mixing chamber 120 through the sintering exhaust gas pipe 115.
  • the first flow meter 116 is disposed on the pipeline of the sintering exhaust gas pipe 115; the gas outlet of the oxygen generating station 117 passes through the oxygen-rich pipe 118.
  • the oxygen inlet of the gas mixing tank 120 is connected, and the second flow meter 119 is disposed on the pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 118; the discharge port of the coke silo 122 is connected to the feeding end of the seventh conveyor 123.
  • the plasma gasification smelting device 2 includes a plasma furnace 201, a melt chute 202, and a flue gas duct 203; the plasma furnace 201 is provided with a feed port a, a blast port b, a melt outlet d, and a flue gas outlet. e; the discharge end of the sixth conveyor 112 and the discharge end of the seventh conveyor 123 are connected to the feed port a of the plasma furnace 201, and the gas outlet of the gas mixing chamber 120 passes through the intake pipe 121 and the plasma furnace 201.
  • the air blast opening b is connected, and the melt outlet d of the plasma furnace 201 is connected to the liquid inlet of the melt chute 202, and the flue gas outlet e of the plasma furnace 201 is connected to the air inlet of the flue gas duct 203.
  • the flue gas outlet e is disposed at the top of the plasma furnace 201
  • the melt outlet d is disposed at the bottom of the plasma furnace 201
  • the tuyere b is disposed at the middle of the plasma furnace 201
  • the feed port a is located at the flue gas outlet e and Between the tuyere b; the tuyere b is arranged in a single layer or a double layer along the longitudinal direction of the plasma furnace 201, the number of each layer is 3 to 12; the number of the exhaust ports e is 1 to 4, and the exhaust port There are 2 to 6 baffles in the front section of the e-connected exhaust pipe.
  • the lower portion of the plasma furnace 201 is provided with a plasma torch c along its circumferential direction, and the plasma torch c is located between the air blowing port b and the melt outlet d, and the number is 3 to 12.
  • the flue gas resourceizing device 3 includes a pure water tank 301, a quenching tower 302, a hot water pipe 303, a filter 304, a waste heat boiler 305, a first gas pipe 307, a cyclone dust collector 308, and a second gas pipe.
  • the water outlet of the pure water tank 301 is connected to the cold water inlet of the upper portion of the quenching tower 302, the air outlet of the flue gas duct 203 is connected to the air inlet of the lower portion of the quenching tower 302, and the hot water outlet at the bottom of the quenching tower 302 passes through the hot water pipe 303.
  • the exhaust port at the top of the quenching tower 302 and the first gas pipe 307, the cyclone dust collector 308, the second gas pipe 310, the bag filter 311, the third gas pipe 313, the alkali suction tower 314, and the fourth gas pipe 315 The steam reforming tower 316, the fifth gas pipeline 317, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower 318, the primary oil pipeline 320, the refined distillation tower 321, and the refined oil output pipeline 322 are sequentially connected; the gas outlet of the top of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower 318 passes through the gas circulation.
  • the conduit 319 is connected to the inlet of the steam reforming column 316.
  • the flue gas recycling device 3 further includes a sludge bin 306, a first-stage ash collecting bin 309, and a second-stage ash collecting bin 312, and the sludge bin 306 is disposed at the bottom of the filter machine 304 and is disposed opposite to the sludge outlet;
  • the magazine 309 is disposed at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 308 and disposed opposite to the ash outlet;
  • the second ash collection chamber 312 is disposed at the bottom of the bag filter 311 and disposed opposite to the ash outlet.
  • the valuable metal extraction device 4 includes a holding furnace 401, an alloy chute 402, a disc ingot casting machine 403, a transfer device 404, an electrolysis tank 405, a slag chute 406, a glass drawing machine 407, and a melt chute 202.
  • the liquid outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the top of the holding furnace 401, and the alloy outlet at the bottom of the holding furnace 401 is sequentially connected with the alloy chute 402 and the disc ingot casting machine 403, and the transfer device 404 is disposed in the disc casting machine 403 and the electrolytic bath 405.
  • the anode plate produced by the disc casting machine 403 is transported to the electrolytic cell 405 through the transfer device 404, and the slag opening in the upper portion of the holding furnace 401 is sequentially connected to the slag chute 406 and the glass drawing machine 407.
  • the method for processing electronic waste by using the electronic waste resource recycling system of the present invention is as follows:
  • Pretreatment The waste computer mainframe is crushed into 5-10mm pellets by the crusher 103, and the material composition is analyzed. According to the plasma calcination furnace, the calorific value, acid-base, melt slurry fluidity and conductivity are included. And the demand for the drawing process of the molten glass, calculate the mass ratio of the slag forming agent (limestone, quartz sand), binder (saponite) and waste computer mainframe to 0.5:0.1:1, after mixing in the mixer 109, through the N
  • the 2 sealed sealed sintering machine 111 is sintered into a block at 600 ° C, and the sintered exhaust gas is collected and mixed with the oxygen-enriched air in the gas mixing chamber 120 to detect and regulate the CO and O 2 concentrations thereof to maintain the subsequent gasification and smelting process in the reducing property. Conducted in the atmosphere;
  • Plasma gasification smelting the sintering block is alternately introduced into the plasma furnace 201 by the sixth conveyor 112 and the coke through the seventh conveyor 123 at a mass ratio of 1:0.7 to form a column, and the column is preheated in sequence during the gradual lowering process.
  • Valuable metal extraction the molten metal is sedimented at 1000 ° C in the holding furnace 401, the furnace body is poured to pour the upper slag into the slag chute 406, the glass product is prepared by drawing, and the bottom molten alloy liquid is injected into the disc ingot through the alloy chute 402.
  • Machine 403 the obtained anode plate was electrolyzed to obtain a cathode copper product, the Cu recovery rate was 98.20%, the Au recovery rate in the anode mud was 99.98%, the Ag recovery rate was 99.87%, and the platinum group metal recovery rate was 99.65%.

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Abstract

一种电子废弃物资源化回收***，该***包括预处理装置（1）、等离子气化熔炼装置（2）、烟气资源化装置（3）、以及有价金属提取装置（4）；所述预处理装置的出气口与等离子气化熔炼装置的鼓风口相连，所述预处理装置的出料口与等离子气化熔炼装置的进料口相连；所述等离子气化熔炼装置的烟气出口与烟气资源化装置的进气口相连，所述等离子气化熔炼装置的熔液出口与有价金属提取装置的进液口相连。上述***在较短的工艺流程内设置了烧结气无害化、熔炼烟气余热回收与无害化、尾气资源化、金属综合回收等装置，实现了电子废弃物的充分无害化、减量化、资源化利用。

Description

电子废弃物资源化回收*** 技术领域
本发明涉及电子废弃物回收的技术领域，具体地指一种电子废弃物资源化回收***。
背景技术
电子废弃物，俗称“电子垃圾”，是指电子电器产品生产过程中产生的废弃物以及被废弃不再使用的电子电器设备，种类繁多，成分、结构复杂，涉及工业生产和居民生活的各个领域。随着电子信息产业的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提升，电子产品的更新换代速度逐渐加快，全球每年的电子废弃物产生量高达4000至5000万吨，并仍以5～10％的年增长率增加，给全球的生态环境造成了巨大的威胁。由于应用功能、工作原理、制造工艺的不同，电子产品结构差别很大，其中所蕴含的金属、塑料、陶瓷等材料的组成及含量差异也较大，电子废弃物的高效资源化回收利用已成为亟待解决的难题之一。
目前，工业上处理电子废弃物的通用做法是将其进行手工或半自动化拆解得到塑料或金属外壳、普通零部件、有害零部件或材料、电路板等。部分普通零部件经检测合格后，直接降级使用；外壳及不可回用的普通零部件通过机械破碎、分选可得塑料、金属、陶瓷等粒料，经过简单的再生处理回收利用；手机电池、打印机墨盒等有害零部件和荧光粉、液态冷媒等有害材料交由专门的处理企业进行处置；而回收价值最高的电路板目前还没有一套适用性广、操作性强、经济环保的回收利用技术。比利时Umicore、加拿大Xstrata、瑞典Boliden等公司分别研究开发了高温熔炼技术处理电子废弃物及其它含贵金属的固体废弃物，根据熔炼装备设计的不同，原料配伍方案、熔炼条件、渣型选择及产物组成、烟气后处理***设计等差别显著，但其基本原理类似，利用重金属对贵金属的捕集作用实现贵金属的高效回收，电子废弃物中的有机材料在高温条件中燃烧，为熔炼过程提供热量和还原性气氛。高温熔炼技术虽然已有较为成功的工业化实施范例，但其投资成本巨大，且受限于传统火法冶金熔炉的温度要求，对原料成分有严格限制。
基于此，迫切需要一种全新的电子废弃物资源化处理装备***，以应对快速增长的电子废弃物带来的资源、环境压力。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要提供一种资源充分利用、无二次污染的电子废弃物资源化回收***。
为实现上述目的，本发明所提供的一种电子废弃物资源化回收***，包括预处理装置、等离子气化熔炼装置、烟气资源化装置、以及有价金属提取装置；所述预处理装置的出气口与等离子气化熔炼装置的鼓风口相连，所述预处理装置的出料口与等离子气化熔炼装置的进料口相连；所述等离子气化熔炼装置的烟气出口与烟气资源化装置的进气口相连，所述等离子气化熔炼装置的熔液出口与有价金属提取装置的进液口相连。
进一步地，所述预处理装置包括原料料仓、第一输送机、剪切破碎机、第二输送机、造渣剂料仓、第三输送机、粘结剂料仓、第四输送机、混料机、第五输送机、密闭式烧结机、第六输送机、烧结机加热炉、烧结尾气收集器，烧结尾气管道、制氧站、富氧管道、气体混合仓、进气管道、焦炭料仓、以及第七输送机；
所述原料料仓的出料口、第一输送机、剪切破碎机、第二输送机依次相连，所述造渣剂料仓的出料口与第三输送机的进料端相连，所述粘结剂料仓的出料口与第四输送机的进料端相连，所述第二输送机的出料端、第三输送机的出料端、第四输送机的出料端均与混料机的进料口相连；
所述混料机、第五输送机、密闭式烧结机、第六输送机依次相连，所述烧结尾气收集器的进气口与密闭式烧结机的出气口相连，所述烧结尾气收集器的出气口通过烧结尾气管道与气体混合仓的尾气进口相连；所述制氧站的氧气进口通过富氧管道与气体混合仓的进气口相连，所述焦炭料仓的出料口与第七输送机的进料端相连。
进一步地，所述烧结尾气管道的管路上设置有第一流量计；所述富氧管道的管路上设置有第二流量计。
进一步地，所述等离子气化熔炼装置包括等离子炉、熔液溜槽、以及烟气管道；
所述等离子炉上设置有进料口、鼓风口、熔液出口、烟气出口；所述第六输送机的出料端、第七输送机的出料端均与等离子炉的进料口相连，所述气体混合仓的出气口通过进气管道与等离子炉的鼓风口相连，所述等离子炉的熔液出口与熔液溜槽的进液口相连，所述等离子炉的烟气出口与烟气管道的进气口相连。
进一步地，所述烟气出口设置在等离子炉的顶部，所述熔液出口设置在等离子炉的 底部，所述鼓风口设置在等离子炉的中部，所述进料口位于烟气出口与鼓风口之间；所述鼓风口沿等离子炉的纵向呈单层或双层排布，每层数量为3～12个；所述排气口的数量为1～4个，且与排气口相连的排气管前段设置有2～6级挡板。
进一步地，所述等离子炉的下部沿其周向设置有等离子体火炬，所述等离子体火炬位于鼓风口与熔液出口之间，且数量为3～12支。
进一步地，所述烟气资源化装置包括纯水槽、骤冷塔、热水管道、过滤机、余热锅炉、第一气体管道、旋风收尘器、第二气体管道、布袋收尘器、第三气体管道、碱吸塔、第四气体管道、水汽重整塔、第五气体管道、费托合成塔、气体循环管道、初级油品管道、精制蒸馏塔、以及成品油输出管道；
所述纯水槽的出水口与骤冷塔上部的冷水入口相连，所述烟气管道的出气口与骤冷塔下部的进气口相连，所述骤冷塔底部的热水出口通过热水管道与过滤机、余热锅炉依次相连；
所述骤冷塔顶部的排气口与第一气体管道、旋风收尘器、第二气体管道、布袋收尘器、第三气体管道、碱吸塔、第四气体管道、水汽重整塔、第五气体管道、费托合成塔、初级油品管道、精制蒸馏塔、成品油输出管道依次相连；所述费托合成塔顶部的出气口通过气体循环管道与水汽重整塔的进气口相连。
进一步地，所述烟气资源化装置还包括污泥仓、一级灰收集仓、以及二级灰收集仓，所述污泥仓设置在过滤机底部与其污泥出口正对布置；所述一级灰收集仓设置在旋风收尘器的底部与其出灰口正对布置；所述二级灰收集仓设置在布袋收尘器的底部与其出灰口正对布置。
再进一步地，所述有价金属提取装置包括保温炉、合金溜槽、圆盘铸锭机、转运装置、电解槽、熔渣溜槽、玻璃拉丝机；
所述熔液溜槽的出液口与保温炉顶部的进液口相连，所述保温炉底部的合金出口与合金溜槽、圆盘铸锭机依次相连，所述转运装置设置在圆盘铸锭机与电解槽之间；转运装置所述保温炉上部的出渣口与熔渣溜槽、玻璃拉丝机依次相连。
更进一步地，所述第二输送机、第三输送机、第四输送机、第六输送机、第七输送机均为具有称重计量装置的输送机，所述密闭式烧结机为采用N 2保护间接加热的烧结机；所述气体混合仓内设置有CO检测装置和O 2检测装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
其一，本发明在较短的工艺流程内设置了预处理装置、等离子气化熔炼装置、烟气资源化装置、以及有价金属提取装置，实现了烧结气无害化、熔炼烟气余热回收与无害化、尾气资源化、金属综合回收等，使得电子废弃物得到了充分无害化、减量化、资源化利用，该***可推广应用与类似的有机质与金属材料混合的固体废弃物的资源化回收领域。
其二，本发明中等离子气化熔炼温度较高，可充***解电子废弃物中有机质，同时熔化金属、金属氧化物、玻璃、陶瓷等组分，对电子废弃物成分组成要求较低。
其三，本发明在回收提取电子废弃物中金属的同时，充分利用了各非金属材料，有机质在烧结过程中发挥部分粘结作用，其中所含碳、氢资源在烟气资源化过程得以回收，陶瓷、玻璃等含二氧化硅材料减少了造渣剂的用量，并最终被加工为有价值的玻璃制品。
附图说明
图1为一种电子废弃物资源化回收***的连接结构示意图；
图2为图1中预处理装置的放大结构示意图；
图3为图1中等离子气化熔炼装置的等离子炉的放大结构示意图；
图4为图1中烟气资源化装置的放大结构示意图；
图5为图1中有价金属提取装置的放大结构示意图。
图中各装置或部件标号如下：
预处理装置1，包括原料料仓101、第一输送机102、剪切破碎机103、第二输送机104、造渣剂料仓105、第三输送机106、粘结剂料仓107、第四输送机108、混料机109、第五输送机110、密闭式烧结机111、第六输送机112、烧结机加热炉113、烧结尾气收集器114，烧结尾气管道115、第一流量计116、制氧站117、富氧管道118、第二流量计119、气体混合仓120、进气管道121、焦炭料仓122、第七输送机123。
等离子气化熔炼装置2，包括等离子炉201(其中：进料口a、鼓风口b、等离子体火炬c、熔液出口d、烟气出口e)、熔液溜槽202、烟气管道203。
烟气资源化装置3，包括纯水槽301、骤冷塔302、热水管道303、过滤机304、余热锅炉305、污泥仓306、第一气体管道307、旋风收尘器308、一级灰收集仓309、第 二气体管道310、布袋收尘器311、二级灰收集仓312、第三气体管道313、碱吸塔314、第四气体管道315、水汽重整塔316、第五气体管道317、费托合成塔318、气体循环管道319、初级油品管道320、精制蒸馏塔321、成品油输出管道322。
有价金属提取装置4，包括保温炉401、合金溜槽402、圆盘铸锭机403、转运装置404、电解槽405、熔渣溜槽406、玻璃拉丝机407。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例及附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图所示一种电子废弃物资源化回收***，包括预处理装置1、等离子气化熔炼装置2、烟气资源化装置3、以及有价金属提取装置4；预处理装置1的出气口与等离子气化熔炼装置2的鼓风口相连，预处理装置1的出料口与等离子气化熔炼装置2的进料口相连；等离子气化熔炼装置2的烟气出口与烟气资源化装置3的进气口相连，等离子气化熔炼装置2的熔液出口与有价金属提取装置4的进液口相连。
预处理装置1包括原料料仓101、第一输送机102、剪切破碎机103、第二输送机104、造渣剂料仓105、第三输送机106、粘结剂料仓107、第四输送机108、混料机109、第五输送机110、密闭式烧结机111、第六输送机112、烧结机加热炉113、烧结尾气收集器114，烧结尾气管道115、制氧站117、富氧管道118、气体混合仓120、进气管道121、焦炭料仓122、以及第七输送机123；
原料料仓101、第一输送机102、剪切破碎机103、第二输送机104依次相连，造渣剂料仓105的出料口与第三输送机106的进料端相连，粘结剂料仓107的出料口与第四输送机108的进料端相连，第二输送机104的出料端、第三输送机106的出料端、第四输送机108的出料端均与混料机109的进料口相连；第二输送机104、第三输送机106、第四输送机108、第六输送机112、第七输送机123均为具有称重计量装置的输送机，密闭式烧结机111为采用N 2保护间接加热的烧结机；气体混合仓120内设置有CO检测装置和O 2检测装置。
混料机109的出料口、第五输送机110、密闭式烧结机111、第六输送机112依次相连，烧结尾气收集器114的进气口与密闭式烧结机111的出气口相连，烧结尾气收集器114的出气口通过烧结尾气管道115与气体混合仓120的尾气进口相连，烧结尾气管道 115的管路上设置有第一流量计116；制氧站117的出气口通过富氧管道118与气体混合仓120的氧气进口相连，富氧管道118的管路上设置有第二流量计119；焦炭料仓122的出料口与第七输送机123的进料端相连。
上述技术方案中，等离子气化熔炼装置2包括等离子炉201、熔液溜槽202、以及烟气管道203；等离子炉201上设置有进料口a、鼓风口b、熔液出口d、烟气出口e；第六输送机112的出料端、第七输送机123的出料端均与等离子炉201的进料口a相连，气体混合仓120的出气口通过进气管道121与等离子炉201的鼓风口b相连，等离子炉201的熔液出口d与熔液溜槽202的进液口相连，等离子炉201的烟气出口e与烟气管道203的进气口相连。
上述技术方案中，烟气出口e设置在等离子炉201的顶部，熔液出口d设置在等离子炉201的底部，鼓风口b设置在等离子炉201的中部，进料口a位于烟气出口e与鼓风口b之间；鼓风口b沿等离子炉201的纵向呈单层或双层排布，每层数量为3～12个；排气口e的数量为1～4个，且与排气口e相连的排气管前段设置有2～6级挡板。等离子炉201的下部沿其周向设置有等离子体火炬c，等离子体火炬c位于鼓风口b与熔液出口d之间，且数量为3～12支。
上述技术方案中，烟气资源化装置3包括纯水槽301、骤冷塔302、热水管道303、过滤机304、余热锅炉305、第一气体管道307、旋风收尘器308、第二气体管道310、布袋收尘器311、第三气体管道313、碱吸塔314、第四气体管道315、水汽重整塔316、第五气体管道317、费托合成塔318、气体循环管道319、初级油品管道320、精制蒸馏塔321、以及成品油输出管道322；
纯水槽301的出水口与骤冷塔302上部的冷水入口相连，烟气管道203的出气口与骤冷塔302下部的进气口相连，骤冷塔302底部的热水出口通过热水管道303与过滤机304、余热锅炉305依次相连；
骤冷塔302顶部的排气口与第一气体管道307、旋风收尘器308、第二气体管道310、布袋收尘器311、第三气体管道313、碱吸塔314、第四气体管道315、水汽重整塔316、第五气体管道317、费托合成塔318、初级油品管道320、精制蒸馏塔321、成品油输出管道322依次相连；费托合成塔318顶部的出气口通过气体循环管道319与水汽重整塔316的进气口相连。
烟气资源化装置3还包括污泥仓306、一级灰收集仓309、以及二级灰收集仓312，污泥仓306设置在过滤机304底部与其污泥出口正对布置；一级灰收集仓309设置在旋风收尘器308的底部与其出灰口正对布置；二级灰收集仓312设置在布袋收尘器311的底部与其出灰口正对布置。
上述技术方案中，有价金属提取装置4包括保温炉401、合金溜槽402、圆盘铸锭机403、转运装置404、电解槽405、熔渣溜槽406、玻璃拉丝机407；熔液溜槽202的出液口与保温炉401顶部的进液口相连，保温炉401底部的合金出口与合金溜槽402、圆盘铸锭机403依次相连，转运装置404设置在圆盘铸锭机403与电解槽405之间；圆盘铸锭机403所产的阳极板通过转运装置404运输至电解槽405，保温炉401上部的出渣口与熔渣溜槽406、玻璃拉丝机407依次相连。
利用本发明的电子废弃物资源化回收***处理电子废弃物的方法，具体过程如下：
1)预处理：将废旧电脑主机经破碎机103破碎成5～10mm的粒料，分析物料组成，根据等离子气化炉入炉物料热值、酸碱性、熔融浆液流动性、导电性等特性及熔融玻璃拉丝工艺需求，计算造渣剂(石灰石、石英砂)、粘结剂(皂土)与废旧电脑主机粒料质量比0.5:0.1:1，在混料机109混匀后，经N 2保护的密闭烧结机111在600℃烧结成块状，烧结尾气收集后与富氧空气在气体混合仓120中混合，检测并调控其中CO、O2浓度，以保持后续气化熔炼过程在还原性气氛中进行；
2)等离子气化熔炼：烧结块经第六输送机112、焦炭经第七输送机123按质量比1:0.7交替投入等离子体炉201形成料柱，料柱在逐渐下降过程中依次经过预热、软熔、气化熔炼等过程，调节等离子体火炬c的输入功率，控制熔炼带温度在1450～1500℃，原料中的金属、玻璃、陶瓷及造渣剂熔化形成熔液，聚集于炉底，并从熔液出口d排出，有机质被气化后夹杂部分烟尘从炉顶的烟气出口e排出，烟气出口e的处烟气温度为924℃；
3)烟气资源化：烟气经骤冷塔急速冷却至180℃，所得热水经过滤机304过滤后用于余热发电，冷却后的烟气进一步通过旋风收尘器308、布袋收尘器311除去固体颗粒，所产烟灰、滤泥中含有铅、锡、氧化铅、氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化锡等挥发性金属及氧化物，需进行综合回收提取，净化后的合成气通过碱吸塔314除去氯化氢、溴化氢、氯气等酸性气体后，进行水汽重整，调节合成气中H 2:CO体积比约2:1，用于制备合成油；
4)有价金属提取：熔液在保温炉401内1000℃保温沉降，转动炉体倾倒上层熔渣 至熔渣溜槽406，拉丝制备玻璃制品，底部熔融合金液经合金溜槽402注入圆盘铸锭机403，所得阳极板经电解得到阴极铜产品，Cu回收率为98.20％，阳极泥中Au回收率为99.98％，Ag回收率为99.87％，铂族金属回收率为99.65％。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭示的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电子废弃物资源化回收***，包括预处理装置(1)、等离子气化熔炼装置(2)、烟气资源化装置(3)、以及有价金属提取装置(4)，其特征在于：
    所述预处理装置(1)的出气口与等离子气化熔炼装置(2)的鼓风口相连，所述预处理装置(1)的出料口与等离子气化熔炼装置(2)的进料口相连；所述等离子气化熔炼装置(2)的烟气出口与烟气资源化装置(3)的进气口相连，所述等离子气化熔炼装置(2)的熔液出口与有价金属提取装置(4)的进液口相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述预处理装置(1)包括原料料仓(101)、第一输送机(102)、剪切破碎机(103)、第二输送机(104)、造渣剂料仓(105)、第三输送机(106)、粘结剂料仓(107)、第四输送机(108)、混料机(109)、第五输送机(110)、密闭式烧结机(111)、第六输送机(112)、烧结机加热炉(113)、烧结尾气收集器(114)，烧结尾气管道(115)、制氧站(117)、富氧管道(118)、气体混合仓(120)、进气管道(121)、焦炭料仓(122)、以及第七输送机(123)；
    所述原料料仓(101)、第一输送机(102)、剪切破碎机(103)、第二输送机(104)依次相连，所述造渣剂料仓(105)的出料口与所述第三输送机(106)的进料端相连，所述粘结剂料仓(107)的出料口与所述第四输送机(108)的进料端相连，所述第二输送机(104)的出料端、所述第三输送机(106)的出料端、所述第四输送机(108)的出料端均与所述混料机(109)的进料口相连；
    所述混料机(109)的出料口、第五输送机(110)、密闭式烧结机(111)、第六输送机(112)依次相连，所述烧结尾气收集器(114)的进气口与所述密闭式烧结机(111)的出气口相连，所述烧结尾气收集器(114)的出气口通过烧结尾气管道(115)与所述气体混合仓(120)的尾气进口相连；所述制氧站(117)的出气口通过富氧管道(118)与所述气体混合仓(120)的氧气进口相连，所述焦炭料仓(122)的出料口与所述第七输送机(123)的进料端相连。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述烧结尾气管道(115)的管路上设置有第一流量计(116)；所述富氧管道(118)的管路上设置有第二流量计(119)。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述 等离子气化熔炼装置(2)包括等离子炉(201)、熔液溜槽(202)、以及烟气管道(203)；
    所述等离子炉(201)上设置有进料口(a)、鼓风口(b)、熔液出口(d)、烟气出口(e)；所述第六输送机(112)的出料端、所述第七输送机(123)的出料端均与所述等离子炉(201)的进料口(a)相连，所述气体混合仓(120)的出气口通过进气管道(121)与所述等离子炉(201)的鼓风口(b)相连，所述等离子炉(201)的熔液出口(d)与所述熔液溜槽(202)的进液口相连，所述等离子炉(201)的烟气出口(e)与所述烟气管道(203)的进气口相连。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述烟气出口(e)设置在等离子炉(201)的顶部，所述熔液出口(d)设置在等离子炉(201)的底部，所述鼓风口(b)设置在等离子炉(201)的中部，所述进料口(a)位于烟气出口(e)与鼓风口(b)之间；所述鼓风口(b)沿等离子炉(201)的纵向呈单层或双层排布，每层数量为3～12个；所述排气口(e)的数量为1～4个，且与排气口(e)相连的排气管前段设置有2～6级挡板。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述等离子炉(201)的下部沿其周向设置有若干支等离子体火炬(c)，所述等离子体火炬(c)位于鼓风口(b)与熔液出口(d)之间，且数量为3～12支。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述烟气资源化装置(3)包括纯水槽(301)、骤冷塔(302)、热水管道(303)、过滤机(304)、余热锅炉(305)、第一气体管道(307)、旋风收尘器(308)、第二气体管道(310)、布袋收尘器(311)、第三气体管道(313)、碱吸塔(314)、第四气体管道(315)、水汽重整塔(316)、第五气体管道(317)、费托合成塔(318)、气体循环管道(319)、初级油品管道(320)、精制蒸馏塔(321)、以及成品油输出管道(322)；
    所述纯水槽(301)的出水口与所述骤冷塔(302)上部的冷水入口相连，所述烟气管道(203)的出气口与所述骤冷塔(302)下部的进气口相连，所述骤冷塔(302)底部的热水出口通过热水管道(303)与过滤机(304)、余热锅炉(305)依次相连；
    所述骤冷塔(302)顶部的排气口与第一气体管道(307)、旋风收尘器(308)、第二气体管道(310)、布袋收尘器(311)、第三气体管道(313)、碱吸塔(314)、第四气体管道(315)、水汽重整塔(316)、第五气体管道(317)、费托合成塔(318)、初级油品 管道(320)、精制蒸馏塔(321)、成品油输出管道(322)依次相连；所述费托合成塔(318)顶部的出气口通过气体循环管道(319)与所述水汽重整塔(316)的进气口相连。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述烟气资源化装置(3)还包括污泥仓(306)、一级灰收集仓(309)、以及二级灰收集仓(312)，所述污泥仓(306)设置在过滤机(304)的底部与其污泥出口正对布置；所述一级灰收集仓(309)设置在旋风收尘器(308)的底部与其出灰口正对布置；所述二级灰收集仓(312)设置在布袋收尘器(311)的底部与其出灰口正对布置。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述有价金属提取装置(4)包括保温炉(401)、合金溜槽(402)、圆盘铸锭机(403)、转运装置(404)、电解槽(405)、熔渣溜槽(406)、玻璃拉丝机(407)；
    所述熔液溜槽(202)的出液口与所述保温炉(401)顶部的进液口相连，所述保温炉(401)底部的合金出口与合金溜槽(402)、圆盘铸锭机(403)依次相连，所述转运装置(404)设置在圆盘铸锭机(403)与电解槽(405)之间；所述保温炉(401)上部的出渣口与所述熔渣溜槽(406)、玻璃拉丝机(407)依次相连。
  10. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电子废弃物资源化回收***，其特征在于：所述第二输送机(104)、第三输送机(106)、第四输送机(108)、第六输送机(112)、第七输送机(123)均为具有称重计量装置的输送机；所述密闭式烧结机(111)为采用N2保护间接加热的烧结机；所述气体混合仓(120)内设置有CO检测装置和O2检测装置。
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