WO2019034147A1 - 1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2019034147A1
WO2019034147A1 PCT/CN2018/101082 CN2018101082W WO2019034147A1 WO 2019034147 A1 WO2019034147 A1 WO 2019034147A1 CN 2018101082 W CN2018101082 W CN 2018101082W WO 2019034147 A1 WO2019034147 A1 WO 2019034147A1
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compound
formula
methyl
tryptophan
cancer
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PCT/CN2018/101082
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French (fr)
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张富尧
袁洪顺
神小明
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上海时莱生物技术有限公司
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A61K31/405Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/10Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • C07D209/18Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D209/20Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals substituted additionally by nitrogen atoms, e.g. tryptophane
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/05Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound and a preparation method and use thereof.
  • T cells are the main components of lymphocytes, and they have a variety of biological functions, the most important of which is immune function, which becomes an important tool for attacking tumor cells and fighting disease infections in the body.
  • Tryptophan is one of the important amino acids that maintain T cell growth and proliferation. In mammals, tryptophan is normally metabolized by a kynurenine-based pathway under the action of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).
  • IDO indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
  • tumor cells overexpress the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, causing the tryptophan to be rapidly and massively consumed, thus failing to provide nutrients to the T cells, leading to the stop growth and proliferation of T cells, and even the withering. It was cleared and died.
  • T cells can be activated to achieve tumor suppressing effects.
  • IDO1 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
  • Incyte's Epacadostat has now progressed to clinical phase III, and in combination with Merck's PD-1 antibody Keytruda, early data show that it can significantly improve overall disease control in advanced patients (73%), response to advanced melanoma The rate has also increased to 57%, and when using Keytruda alone, the response rate is only about 28%. In addition, the data also showed that the combination was well tolerated, and the incidence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher was low.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a class of 1-methyl-tryptophan compounds, and a preparation method and use thereof.
  • the present inventors have unexpectedly discovered that the deuterated 1-methyl-tryptophan compounds provided by the present invention have superior pharmacokinetic properties compared to corresponding non-deuterated compounds, specifically embodied in drugs in animals.
  • the amount of exposure in the body has been significantly improved, so it is more suitable as a guanamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor, which is more suitable for the treatment of guanamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor-related diseases. medicine.
  • a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound an isomer, a prodrug, a crystalline form, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a hydrate or a solvate thereof.
  • R a is hydrogen or a carboxylic acid protecting group
  • R b and R c are each independently a hydrogen or an amine protecting group
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are each independently hydrogen or deuterium, and at least one is deuterium.
  • R a is hydrogen or a carboxylic acid protecting group
  • R b and R c are each independently a hydrogen or an amine protecting group
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen or deuterium, and at least one is deuterium.
  • R a , R b and R c are hydrogen;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen or deuterium, and at least one is deuterium.
  • the absolute configuration of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound as shown in Formula I is in the R configuration or the S configuration.
  • the absolute configuration of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of formula I is in the R configuration.
  • the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of formula I is a compound of formula III:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are each independently hydrogen or deuterium, and at least one of them is deuterium.
  • R 1 is hydrazine
  • R 2 and R 3 are ⁇ ;
  • R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are deuterium.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are deuterium.
  • R 1 is hydrazine
  • R 2 and R 3 are deuterium.
  • R 4 is deuterium
  • R 5 is deuterium
  • R 6 is hydrazine
  • R 7 is hydrazine
  • R 8 is deuterium
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are deuterium.
  • R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are deuterium.
  • the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the formula I is selected from any of the following structures:
  • the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound represented by Formula I may be Compound 102, and the compound 102 may be obtained by subjecting Compound 101 to hydrolysis reaction in hydrochloric acid;
  • the retention time of the compound 101 under chiral detection conditions is 8.8 min or 9.6 min;
  • the chiral detection conditions include:
  • the chiral column is CHIRALPAK AD-H, 4.6mm x 250mm;
  • the column temperature is 40 ° C;
  • Mobile phase A is 0.1% TFA in Hexane, and the percent is volume percent;
  • Mobile phase B is ethanol
  • the flow rate is 0.5 mL/min
  • the detection wavelength was UV 210 nm.
  • the hydrochloric acid may be 2-3N hydrochloric acid.
  • the hydrolysis reaction may have a reaction temperature of 80 to 120 ° C (for example, 100 ° C).
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition, which comprises the steps of: a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound as shown in Formula I, an isomer thereof, a prodrug, The crystalline form, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are mixed to obtain the pharmaceutical composition.
  • a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the formula I an isomer thereof, a prodrug, a crystal form, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a hydrate or a solvent.
  • said pharmaceutical composition which is used as a guanamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor, or for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and prevention of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition The drug of the disease.
  • the disease may be selected from an immune disease, particularly a cancer, wherein the cancer includes breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, brain cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer.
  • an immune disease particularly a cancer
  • the cancer includes breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, brain cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be used in combination with another one or more anticancer agents selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, platinum complexes, metabolic antagonists, alkaloids, antibody drugs, hormones Anticancer, proteasome inhibitor, CDK kinase inhibitor, VEGFR or EGFR inhibitor, m-TOR inhibitor, PI3K kinase inhibitor, B-Raf inhibitor, PARP inhibitor, c-Met kinase inhibitor, ALK kinase Inhibitor, AKT inhibitor, ABL inhibitor, FLT3 inhibitor, PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor, and the like.
  • anticancer agents selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, platinum complexes, metabolic antagonists, alkaloids, antibody drugs, hormones Anticancer, proteasome inhibitor, CDK
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be an injection, a sachet, a tablet, a pill, a powder or a granule.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of treatment comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound, an isomer, a prodrug, a crystal thereof, of the formula I a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate, or a pharmaceutical composition as described.
  • the method of treatment can achieve cancer treatment by inhibiting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
  • the subject is a human having a disease associated with immunosuppression.
  • a process 1 for producing a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the formula I which comprises the step of subjecting a compound of the formula II to methylation or sub- Methylation reaction;
  • R a , R b , R c , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are as defined above.
  • reaction solvent in the preparation method 1 of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the formula I, in the methylation reaction or the methyleneation reaction, the reaction solvent is conventional in the field.
  • a reaction solvent such as an ether solvent such as one or more of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and methyl tert-butyl ether.
  • the reaction temperature is conventional in the field.
  • the reaction temperature is, for example, -78 ° C to -30 ° C.
  • the methylation reagent in the preparation method 1 of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the formula I, is a reaction of the type in the art.
  • Conventional methylating agents such as methyl iodide, methyl bromide, deuterated methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate.
  • the methylation reaction or the methyleneation reaction is preferably carried out under basic conditions.
  • the basic conditions may be provided by conventional alkaline agents of this type in the art, for example, the alkaline agent may be one or more of lithium amide, sodium amide and potassium amide.
  • the compound II can be according to the literature (Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 10397-10404; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1008-1014; J. Label Compd. Radiopharm 2010, 53, 486-487; Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 1513-1516; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4286-4287; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 9381-9385; Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1976 , 446, 479-485; Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 2389-2392; Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26, 5891-5894).
  • the preparation method 1 of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound represented by Formula I includes the following steps:
  • the alkali metal is preferably one or more of lithium, sodium and potassium.
  • the organic solvent is preferably diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and methyl t-butyl.
  • the organic solvent is preferably diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and methyl t-butyl.
  • the methylating agent is preferably methyl iodide, methyl bromide, deuterated methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate. ester.
  • the present invention also provides a second preparation method of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the formula I, which comprises the steps of: subjecting the compound of the formula IA to a hydrogen/hydrazine exchange reaction;
  • R a , R b , R c , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are as defined above.
  • R a , R b , R c , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 Is hydrogen and R 5 is hydrazine.
  • R a , R b , R c , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 Is hydrogen, and R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are deuterium.
  • the conditions of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction may be conventional conditions for such a reaction in the art.
  • the present invention preferably has the following conditions: the reaction solvent of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction may be D 2 O.
  • the amount of the reaction solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the progress of the reaction.
  • the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction can be carried out in the presence of a deuteration reagent, preferably deuterated hydrochloric acid.
  • the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction may also be fed with other reagents such as sodium, acetic anhydride or thioglycolic acid.
  • the reaction temperature of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction is preferably from 20 ° C to 110 ° C.
  • the preparation method 2 of the 1-methyl-tryptophan compound represented by Formula I may comprise the following steps:
  • Dissolve compound IA in D 2 O add deuteration reagent (such as deuterated hydrochloric acid) and reaction reagent (such as sodium, acetic anhydride or thioglycolic acid) to the reaction equipment at 20 ° C ⁇ 110 ° C, continue stirring at this temperature for 30 min. ⁇ 24h, filtered and dried to give compound I.
  • deuteration reagent such as deuterated hydrochloric acid
  • reaction reagent such as sodium, acetic anhydride or thioglycolic acid
  • the reaction apparatus described in this scheme is preferably a conventional organic reaction flask, an oil bath, a 400 W high pressure mercury lamp or a heat resistant quartz glass apparatus.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of a 1-methyl-tryptophan compound represented by the formula ID, which comprises the following steps:
  • R a , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are each independently hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 12 is an amino protecting group, preferably a C 1-10 alkylcarbonyl group (e.g., acetyl).
  • reaction conditions of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction may be as described above.
  • the conditions of the deprotection reaction can be conventional conditions for such reactions in the art.
  • the present invention preferably performs a deprotection reaction in the presence of hydrochloric acid (e.g., 2-3N hydrochloric acid).
  • the reaction temperature of the deprotection reaction may be from 80 to 120 °C.
  • the invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula Ia or Ib comprising the steps of:
  • the compound represented by formula IAa may be in the R configuration and/or the S configuration (ie, the compound of formula IAa including the R configuration, the compound of formula IAa in the S configuration, and the compound of formula IAa in the R configuration and the S configuration. a mixture of compounds of the formula IAa).
  • the chiral HPLC resolution conditions can include:
  • the chiral column is CHIRALPAK AD 30mmx250mm, 5 ⁇ m;
  • the column temperature is 38 ° C;
  • Mobile phase A is CO 2 ;
  • Mobile phase B is methanol
  • the flow rate is 80 mL/min
  • the detection wavelength is UV 220 nm.
  • the invention also provides the following compounds:
  • the invention also provides the following compounds:
  • the retention time of the compound 101 under chiral detection conditions is 8.8 min or 9.6 min;
  • the chiral detection conditions include:
  • the chiral column is CHIRALPAK AD-H, 4.6mm x 250mm;
  • the column temperature is 40 ° C;
  • Mobile phase A is 0.1% TFA in Hexane, and the percent is volume percent;
  • Mobile phase B is ethanol
  • the flow rate is 0.5 mL/min
  • the detection wavelength was UV 210 nm.
  • the compound of formula I can also be prepared by the above-described route using commercially available deuterated compounds of formula II; for example, by purchasing the intermediates of formula II above, and then in accordance with the methods provided above. The procedure provides a compound of formula I.
  • the carboxylic acid protecting group of the present invention is a suitable group for carboxylic acid protection known in the art, see the carboxylic acid protecting group in the literature ("Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 5 Th Ed. TW Greene & P. GMWuts). .
  • the carboxylic acid protecting group may be a C 1-10 alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a t-butyl group or the like;
  • the amine protecting group of the present invention is a suitable group for amine group protection known in the art, see the amine protecting group in the literature ("Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 5 Th Ed. TW Greene & P. GMWuts). .
  • the amine protecting group may be an amide protecting group, a carbamate protecting group or the like. For example: formyl, acetyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, etc.;
  • Alkyl means a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising straight and branched chain groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably including 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethyl Propyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-B 2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl , 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpent
  • the alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent may be substituted at any available point of attachment, preferably one or more of the following groups, independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, Alkynyl, alkyloxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyloxy , heterocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocycloalkylthio, oxo.
  • deuterated means that one or more hydrogens in the compound or group are replaced by deuterium.
  • Deuterated can be monosubstituted, disubstituted, polysubstituted or fully substituted.
  • the cerium isotope content of cerium at the cerium substitution site is greater than the natural strontium isotope content (0.015%), more preferably greater than 50%, more preferably greater than 75%, and even more preferably greater than 95%, more preferably The ground is greater than 97%, more preferably greater than 99%, and even more preferably greater than 99.5%.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means a salt of the compound of the present invention which is formed with an acid or a base and which is suitable for use as a medicament.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic and organic salts.
  • a preferred class of salts are the salts of the compounds of the invention with acids.
  • Suitable acids for forming salts include, but are not limited to, mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, Organic acids such as maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, picric acid, methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, and benzenesulfonic acid; and acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
  • Another preferred class of salts are the salts of the compounds of the invention with bases.
  • Bases suitable for salt formation include, but are not limited to, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, S-phenylethylamine, R-phenylethylamine, L-benzene. Glycinamide and the like.
  • enantiomer 1 and “enantiomer 2" as used in the present invention refer to two compounds having the same structural formula but different chiral configurations (i.e., R configuration or S configuration). The compounds are a pair of enantiomers to each other.
  • the reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
  • a positive progressive effect of the present invention is that the deuterated 1-methyl-tryptophan compound of the present invention has superior pharmacokinetic properties compared to the corresponding non-deuterated compound.
  • the racemic compound In was separated and separated by chiral column CHIRALPAK AD (30mmx250mm, 5 ⁇ m), the column temperature was 38 °C, the mobile phase A was CO 2 , the mobile phase B was methanol, the running time was 5 minutes, and the gradient was mobile phase.
  • A/mobile phase B (85/15, v/v), flow rate 80 mL/min, detection wavelength UV 220 nm, separation and collection at the peak RT of 1.96 minutes to obtain the first single configuration of the compound as a compound Io (enantiomer 1), detected by chiral column CHIRALPAK AD-H (4.6mm x 250mm), column temperature 40 ° C, mobile phase A is 0.1% TFA in Hexane (v / v), mobile phase B is ethanol The running time was 20 minutes, the gradient was mobile phase A/mobile phase B (70/30), the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min, the detection wavelength was UV 210 nm, RT 8.8 min, and the ee value was 97.6%.
  • the racemic compound In was separated and separated by chiral column CHIRALPAK AD (30mmx250mm, 5 ⁇ m), the column temperature was 38 °C, the mobile phase A was CO 2 , the mobile phase B was methanol, the running time was 5 minutes, and the gradient was mobile phase.
  • A/mobile phase B (85/15, v/v), flow rate of 80 mL/min, detection wavelength of UV 220 nm, separation and collection at peak RT of 2.40 minutes to obtain the first single configuration of the compound as a compound Ip (enantiomer 2), detected by chiral column CHIRALPAK AD-H (4.6mm x 250mm), column temperature 40 ° C, mobile phase A is 0.1% TFA in Hexane (v / v), mobile phase B is ethanol, run The time was 20 minutes, the gradient was mobile phase A/mobile phase B (70/30), the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min, the detection wavelength was UV 210 nm, RT was 9.6 min, and the ee value was 99.0%.
  • the compound Io (0.53 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (EtOAc) (EtOAc) After the compound Ia was derivatized by acetylation, it was detected according to the chromatographic conditions provided in Example 2, and the test result was the same as the compound Io, and the ee value was 96.6%.
  • the compound Ip (0.53 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 2N hydrochloric acid (20 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 6 hr. After the reaction was completed by TLC, the solid was concentrated to afford compound Ib (400 mg). After the compound Ib was derivatized by acetylation, it was detected according to the chromatographic conditions provided in Example 2, and the result was the same as the compound Ip, and the ee value was 97.6%.
  • the compound IAA (100 mg, 0.49 mmol) was dissolved in a heat-resistant quartz reactor containing D 2 O (50 mL), and irradiated with a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then the reaction solution was freeze-dried on a lyophilizer to obtain a compound Ie (100 mg). ). After the compound Ie was derivatized by acetylation, it was detected according to the chromatographic conditions provided in Example 2, and the ee value was 97.5%.
  • Plasma samples were collected and placed on ice, and plasma was separated by centrifugation (centrifugation conditions: 8000 rpm, 6 minutes, 2-8 ° C). The collected plasma was stored at -80 °C prior to analysis.
  • the pharmacokinetic parameters ANU 0-t , AUC 0- ⁇ , MRT 0- ⁇ , CL were calculated using the non-compartment model of the pharmacokinetic calculation software WinNonlin5.2. Parameters such as T 1/2 and Vd and their mean and standard deviation.
  • the deuterated compounds Ia, Id, Im of the present invention have a markedly improved exposure (AUC) of the drug in animals compared to the corresponding non-deuterated compound IAa.
  • AUC amount of exposure of compound Ia in animals

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的结构如式I所示。本发明的氘代1-甲基-色氨酸化合物与相应的非氘代的化合物相比,具有更优异的药物动力学性能。(I)

Description

1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物及其制备方法和用途
本申请要求申请日为2017年8月17日的中国专利申请CN201710709533.0的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
T细胞是淋巴细胞的主要组分,它具有多种生物学功能,其中最主要的作用是免疫作用,从而成为身体中攻击肿瘤细胞、抵御疾病感染的重要工具。色氨酸是维持T细胞生长和增殖的重要氨基酸之一。在哺乳动物体内,色氨酸会在吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)等的作用下通过犬尿氨酸为主的途径进行正常的代谢。然而,很多肿瘤细胞却过度表达了吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶,导致色氨酸被迅速大量地消耗,从而无法为T细胞提供养分,导致T细胞停止生长和增殖,甚至发生凋亡而被清除。另一方面,色氨酸循犬尿氨酸途径代谢产生的3-羟基邻氨基苯甲酸、喹啉酸、吡啶甲酸等有毒产物又反过来抑制T细胞的活化。这些因素导致了人体内缺乏足够的T细胞来对肿瘤细胞的特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原进行识别和抑制,从而导致了肿瘤细胞的继续生长、扩大和迁移,造成了肿瘤的免疫逃逸。因此,通过开发合适的药物来抑制吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶的过度表达,可以激活T细胞,进而达到抑制肿瘤的作用。
吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1(IDO1)在1967年于兔小肠中首次被发现,2006年确定了人体中IDO1的晶体结构,生化功能清晰。此外,实验表明,被敲除了IDO1的小鼠依然可以健康地生活。因此,抑制IDO1的安全程度高,IDO1抑制剂对人体的毒副作用风险也被大大降低。IDO抑制剂的开发分为 直接作用于IDO1的小分子药物和通过多种协同途径实现IDO抑制并激活T细胞的小分子药物两大类。
对IDO抑制剂临床研究进展较快的两个化合物分别来自于Incyte公司和NewLink公司。Incyte公司旗下的Epacadostat目前已经进展到临床三期,通过与默沙东的PD-1抗体Keytruda联合使用,早期数据显示其可以显著提高晚期患者的总疾病控制率(73%),对晚期黑色素瘤的应答率也提高到57%,而单独使用Keytruda时,应答率只有28%左右。另外,数据也表明联合用药的耐受性良好,3级或以上的不良事件发生率较低。在另一项二期的临床试验中,当Keytruda与Newlink公司的IDO抑制剂Indoximod联用时,52%的患者会出现肿瘤明显缩小或者完全消失,73%的患者病情得到控制。这种联用方式同样也表现了很好的耐受性和较低的不良反应发生率。
现有数据表明,IDO抑制剂的开发具有非常广阔的前景,但目前为止尚未有批准上市的IDO抑制剂药物。仍然亟需开发具有更好药物动力学性能的IDO抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一类1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明意外地发现,本发明所提供的氘代1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物与相应的非氘代的化合物相比,具有更优异的药物动力学性能,具体地体现在药物在动物体内的暴露量有了非常显著的提高,因此更适合作为吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶抑制剂,进而更适用制备治疗吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶抑制剂类相关疾病的药物。
本发明第一方面提供了一种如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000001
其中,R a为氢或羧酸保护基;
R b和R c各自独立地为氢或胺基保护基;
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物中,R a为氢或羧酸保护基;
R b和R c各自独立地为氢或胺基保护基;
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物中,R a、R b和R c为氢;
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的绝对构型为R构型或S构型。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的绝对构型为R构型。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物为如式III所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000002
其中,R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 1为氘;
和/或,R 2和R 3为氘;
和/或,R 9、R 10和R 11为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 1、R 2和R 3为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 1为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 2和R 3中有一个氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 2和R 3为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 4为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 5为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 6为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 7为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 8为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式III所示的化合物中,R 9、R 10和R 11为氘。
在另一优选例中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物选自以下任一结构:
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000003
在本发明的一个优选例中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物可以为化合物102,所述的化合物102可以为化合物101在盐酸中进行水解反应得到;
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000004
所述的化合物101在手性检测条件下的保留时间为8.8min或9.6min;
所述的手性检测条件包括:
手性柱为CHIRALPAK AD-H,4.6mmx250mm;
柱温为40℃;
流动相A为0.1%TFA in Hexane,百分号为体积百分比;
流动相B为乙醇;
梯度为流动相A/流动相B=70/30,比例为体积比;
流速为0.5mL/min;
检测波长为UV 210nm。
所述的水解反应中,所述的盐酸可以为2-3N盐酸。所述的水解反应的反应温度可以为80-120℃(如100℃)。
即使采用其他手性拆分、纯化方法或检测方法,只要能在本发明所记载的手性分离或检测方法下相应保留时间下得到手性单一的化合物即落入本发明的保护范围内。
本发明第二方面提供了一种药物组合物,其含有:
(1)所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物;
(2)药学上可接受的载体。
本发明第三方面提供了一种所述的药物组合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:将如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物和药学上可接受的载体进行混合,得到所述的药物组合物即可。
本发明第四方面提供了所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,或者所述的药物组合物的应用,其被用作吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶抑制剂,或用于制备治疗和预防吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶抑制有关疾病的药物。
所述的应用中,所述的疾病可选自免疫性疾病,特别是癌症,其中所述的癌症包括乳腺癌、卵巢癌、***癌、黑色素癌、脑癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、结肠直肠癌、肺癌、肾癌、皮肤癌、成胶质细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、骨软骨瘤、骨癌、骨肉瘤、***瘤、 睾丸肿瘤、子宫瘤、头颈肿瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、真性红细胞增多症、白血病、甲状腺肿瘤、输尿管肿瘤、***、胆囊癌、胆管癌、绒毛膜上皮癌或儿科肿瘤。
所述的应用中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,或者所述的药物组合物可以与另外一种或多种抗癌剂联合使用,所述的抗癌剂选自烷化剂、铂络合物、代谢拮抗剂、生物碱、抗体药物、激素抗癌剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、CDK激酶抑制剂、VEGFR或EGFR抑制剂、m-TOR抑制剂、PI3K激酶抑制剂、B-Raf抑制剂、PARP抑制剂、c-Met激酶抑制剂、ALK激酶抑制剂、AKT抑制剂、ABL抑制剂、FLT3抑制剂、PD-1抑制剂或PD-L1抑制剂等。
在另一优选例中,所述的药物组合物可以为注射剂、囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂或颗粒剂。
本发明第五方面提供了一种治疗方法,其包括向需要治疗的对象,施用所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,或所述的药物组合物。
所述的治疗方法可以通过抑制吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶实现治疗癌症。
在另一优选例中,所述的对象为患有与免疫抑制有关疾病的人。
本发明第六方面提供了一种如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1,其包括如下步骤:将如式II所示的化合物进行甲基化反应或亚甲基化反应;
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000005
其中,R a、R b、R c、R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11 的定义如上所述。
所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1中,所述的甲基化反应或亚甲基化反应中,反应溶剂为本领域该类反应常规的反应溶剂,如醚类溶剂(如***、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃和甲基叔丁基醚中的一种或多种)。
所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1中,所述的甲基化反应或亚甲基化反应中,反应温度为本领域该类反应常规的反应温度,如-78℃至-30℃。
所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1中,所述的甲基化反应或亚甲基化反应中,甲基化试剂为本领域该类反应常规的甲基化试剂,如碘甲烷、溴甲烷、氘代碘甲烷或硫酸二甲酯。
所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1中,所述的甲基化反应或亚甲基化反应优选在碱性条件下进行。所述的碱性条件可以由本领域该类反应常规的碱性试剂提供,例如所述的碱性试剂可为氨基锂、氨基钠和氨基钾中的一种或多种。
其中,化合物II可根据文献(Chem.Eur.J.2009,15,10397–10404;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2000,122,1008-1014;J.Label Compd.Radiopharm 2010,53,486–487;Org.Lett.2007,9,1513-1516;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1984,106,4286-4287;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,9381–9385;Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1976,446,479-485;Tetrahedron Lett.2002,43,2389–2392;Tetrahedron Lett.1985,26,5891-5894)制得。
本发明一个优选的实施方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1包括如下步骤:
-78℃,向硝酸铁的液氨溶液中加入碱金属,然后加入化合物II的有机溶液,继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入甲基化试剂,反应在-78℃~30℃下搅拌15min~6h,TLC显示反应完全,淬灭,调节pH为4~6,过滤、打 浆得到化合物I。
上述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1的优选的实施方案中,所述的碱金属优选锂、钠和钾中的一种或多种。
上述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1的优选的实施方案中,所述的有机溶剂优选***、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃和甲基叔丁基醚中的一种或多种。
上述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法1的优选的实施方案中,所述的甲基化试剂优选碘甲烷、溴甲烷、氘代碘甲烷或硫酸二甲酯。
本发明还提供了另一种如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法2,其包括如下步骤:将如式IA所示的化合物进行氢/氘交换反应;
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000006
其中,R a、R b、R c、R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11的定义如上所述。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法2中,R a、R b、R c、R 9、R 10和R 11为氢,R 5为氘。
在本发明的一个方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法2中,R a、R b、R c、R 9、R 10和R 11为氢,R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8为氘。
所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法2中,所述的氢/氘交换反应的条件可以是本领域该类反应的常规条件。本发明优选下列条件:所述的氢/氘交换反应的反应溶剂可以为D 2O。反应溶剂的用量可不作具体限定,只要不影响反应进行,即可。所述的氢/氘交换反应可在氘代试剂的 存在下进行,所述的氘代试剂优选为氘代盐酸。所述的氢/氘交换反应还可以加入其它反应试剂,如钠、乙酸酐或巯基乙酸。所述的氢/氘交换反应的反应温度优选20℃~110℃。
本发明一个优选的实施方案中,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法2可以包含如下步骤:
溶解化合物IA于D 2O中,20℃~110℃下在反应设备中加入氘代试剂(如氘代盐酸)和反应试剂(如钠、乙酸酐或巯基乙酸),继续在该温度下搅拌30min~24h,过滤干燥得到化合物I。
该方案所述反应设备优选常规有机反应烧瓶、油浴锅、400W高压汞灯或耐热石英玻璃设备。
本发明还提供了一种如式ID所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)将式IB所示的化合物在氘代溶剂中进行氢/氘交换反应得到如式IC所示的化合物;
(2)将式IC所示的化合物进行脱保护反应得到如式ID所示的化合物;
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000007
其中,R a、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11各自独立地为氢或氘;
R 12为胺基保护基,优选为C 1-10烷基羰基(如乙酰基)。
所述的如式ID所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法中,所述的氢/氘交换反应的反应条件可以如上所述。
所述的脱保护反应的条件可以为本领域该类反应的常规条件。本发明优选在盐酸(如2-3N盐酸)的存在下进行脱保护反应。所述的脱保护反应的 反应温度可以为80-120℃。
本发明还提供了一种如式Ia或Ib所示的化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)将如式IAa所示的化合物在D 2O中在金属钠和醋酸酐的存在下进行反应得到如式In所示的化合物;
(2)将如式In所示的化合物进行手性HPLC拆分得到如式Io或Ip所示的化合物;
(3)分别将如式Io或Ip所示的化合物在盐酸中进行水解反应得到如式Ia或Ib所示的化合物;
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000008
其中,如式IAa所示的化合物可以为R构型和/或S构型(即包括R构型的式IAa化合物、S构型的式IAa化合物、以及R构型的式IAa化合物与S构型的式IAa化合物的混合物)。
所述的手性HPLC拆分条件可以包括:
手性柱为CHIRALPAK AD 30mmx250mm,5μm;
柱温为38℃;
流动相A为CO 2
流动相B为甲醇;
梯度为流动相A/流动相B=85/15,比例为体积比;
流速为80mL/min;
检测波长为UV 220nm。
本发明还提供了如下化合物:
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000009
本发明还提供了如下化合物:
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000010
所述的化合物101在手性检测条件下的保留时间为8.8min或9.6min;
所述的手性检测条件包括:
手性柱为CHIRALPAK AD-H,4.6mmx250mm;
柱温为40℃;
流动相A为0.1%TFA in Hexane,百分号为体积百分比;
流动相B为乙醇;
梯度为流动相A/流动相B=70/30,比例为体积比;
流速为0.5mL/min;
检测波长为UV 210nm。
如果可以购得,也可使用商品化的如式II所示氘代化合物依上述路线制得式I所示化合物;例如可通过购买前述式II所示的中间体,而后依照上述方法中提供的步骤制得式I所示的化合物。
本发明所使用的术语,除有相反的表述外,具有如下的含义:
本发明的羧酸保护基是本领域已知的适当的用于羧酸保护的基团,参见文献(“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,5 Th Ed.T.W.Greene&P.G.M.Wuts)中的羧酸保护基团。作为示例,优选地,所述的羧酸保护基可以是C 1-10烷基,例如:甲基,乙基,叔丁基等;
本发明的胺基保护基是本领域已知的适当的用于胺基保护的基团,参见文献(“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,5 Th Ed.T.W.Greene&P.G.M.Wuts)中的胺基保护基团。作为示例,优选地,所述的胺基保护基可以是酰胺保护基团,氨基甲酸酯保护基团等。例如:甲酰基,乙酰基,叔丁氧羰基,苄氧羰基等;
“烷基”指饱和的脂族烃基团,包括1至10个碳原子的直链和支链基团,优选包括1至6个碳原子。非限制性实施例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基等。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基氧基、杂环烷基氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代。
在本发明中,“氘代”指化合物或基团中的一个或多个氢被氘所取代。氘代可以是一取代、二取代、多取代或全取代。
在另一优选例中,氘在氘取代位置的氘同位素含量是大于天然氘同位素含量(0.015%),更佳地大于50%,更佳地大于75%,更佳地大于95%,更佳地大于97%,更佳地大于99%,更佳地大于99.5%。
在本发明中,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物与酸或碱所形 成的适合用作药物的盐。药学上可接受的盐包括无机盐和有机盐。一类优选的盐是本发明化合物与酸形成的盐。适合形成盐的酸包括但并不限于:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸等有机酸;以及天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等酸性氨基酸。另一类优选的盐是本发明化合物与碱形成的盐。适合形成盐的碱包括但并不限于:氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钾、三乙胺、二异丙基乙基胺、S-苯乙胺、R-苯乙胺、L-苯甘氨酰胺等。
本发明中所述的“对映异构体1”和“对映异构体2”指同一结构式但是手性构型(即R构型或S构型)不同的两个化合物,这两个化合物互为一对对映异构体。
缩写表:
缩写 全称
D 2O 重水
在不违背本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明的氘代1-甲基-色氨酸化合物与相应的非氘代的化合物相比,具有更优异的药物动力学性能。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实例详细地解释本发明,使得本领域普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明,具体实例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并不以任何方式限定本发明。
下表为实施例中所涉及的化合物的结构式
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000013
实施例1:制备化合物In
20℃下,溶解化合物IAa(1.0g,4.6mmol)于D 2O(10mL)中,依次加入金属钠(0.6g)和乙酸酐(3mL),反应继续搅拌18小时,过滤收集固体,水洗后真空干燥得化合物In(0.67g)。
MS(ESI)m/z:262(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.15(s,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.14(dd,1H),7.11(s,1H),7.02(dd,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.13(d,1H),2.98(d,1H), 1.81(s,3H)。
实施例2:制备化合物Io
将消旋体化合物In用手性柱CHIRALPAK AD(30mmx250mm,5μm)进行拆分分离,柱温38℃,流动相A为CO 2,流动相B为甲醇,运行时间为5分钟,梯度为流动相A/流动相B(85/15,v/v),流速为80mL/min,检测波长为UV 220nm,在出峰RT为1.96分钟时进行分离收集得到第一个单一构型的化合物,为化合物Io(对映异构体1),经手性柱CHIRALPAK AD-H(4.6mm x 250mm)检测,柱温40℃,流动相A为0.1%TFA in Hexane(v/v),流动相B为乙醇,运行时间为20分钟,梯度为流动相A/流动相B(70/30),流速为0.5mL/min,检测波长为UV 210nm,RT 8.8min,ee值97.6%。
MS(ESI)m/z:262(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.15(s,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.14(dd,1H),7.11(s,1H),7.02(dd,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.13(d,1H),2.98(d,1H),1.81(s,3H)。
实施例3:制备化合物Ip
将消旋体化合物In用手性柱CHIRALPAK AD(30mmx250mm,5μm)进行拆分分离,柱温38℃,流动相A为CO 2,流动相B为甲醇,运行时间为5分钟,梯度为流动相A/流动相B(85/15,v/v),流速为80mL/min,检测波长为UV 220nm,在出峰RT为2.40分钟时进行分离收集得到第一个单一构型的化合物,为化合物Ip(对映异构体2),经手性柱CHIRALPAK AD-H(4.6mmx250mm)检测,柱温40℃,流动相A为0.1%TFA in Hexane(v/v),流动相B为乙醇,运行时间为20分钟,梯度为流动相A/流动相B(70/30),流速为0.5mL/min,检测波长为UV 210nm,RT 9.6min,ee值99.0%。
MS(ESI)m/z:262(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.15(s,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.14(dd,1H),7.11(s,1H),7.02(dd,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.13(d,1H),2.98(d,1H),1.81(s,3H)。
实施例4:制备化合物Ia
20℃下溶解化合物Io(0.53g,2mmol)于2N盐酸(20mL)中,反应在100度下搅拌6小时,TLC显示反应完全后,浓缩得固体,用四氢呋喃打浆得化合物Ia(410mg)。化合物Ia经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,检测结果同化合物Io,ee值为96.6%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.61(d,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(d,1H),3.33(d,1H)。
实施例5:制备化合物Ib
20℃下溶解化合物Ip(0.53g,2mmol)于2N盐酸(20mL)中,反应在100度下搅拌6小时,TLC显示反应完全后,浓缩得固体,用四氢呋喃打浆得化合物Ib(400mg)。化合物Ib经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,检测结果同化合物Ip,ee值为97.6%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.61(d,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(d,1H),3.33(d,1H)。
实施例6:制备化合物Ic
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钠(120mg),然后加入化合物IIc(200mg,0.98mmol)的***(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入碘甲烷(180mg),反应在-78℃下搅拌6h, TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Ic(181mg)。化合物Ic经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为97.3%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.61(d,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H),4.23(d,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.46(d,1H)。
实施例7:制备化合物Id
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属锂(100mg),然后加入化合物IId(200mg,0.98mmol)的四氢呋喃(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入硫酸二甲酯(260mg),反应在-60℃下搅拌4h,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Id(172mg)。化合物Id经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.2%。
MS(ESI)m/z:221(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.60(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H),4.25(s,1H),3.79(s,3H)。
实施例8:制备化合物Ie
溶解化合物IAa(100mg,0.49mmol)于装有D 2O(50mL)的耐热石英反应器中,室温下用400W高压汞灯照射30min后,反应液在冻干机上冻干得到化合物Ie(100mg)。化合物Ie经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为97.5%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.38(d,1H),7.18(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.10(d,1H),4.25(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.49(dd,1H),3.35(dd,1H)。
实施例9:制备化合物If
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钾(150mg),然后加入化合物IIf(200mg,0.98mmol)的2-甲基四氢呋喃(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入溴甲烷(150mg),反应在-50℃下搅拌3h,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物If(163mg)。化合物If经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.0%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.60(s,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.20(d,1H),7.13(s,1H),4.25(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(dd,1H),3.35(dd,1H)。
实施例10:制备化合物Ig
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钠(150mg),然后加入化合物IIg(200mg,0.98mmol)的甲基叔丁基醚(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入碘甲烷(180mg),反应在-40℃下搅拌2h,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Ig(156mg)。化合物Ig经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.5%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.61(d,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.10(d,1H),4.25(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(dd,1H),3.36(dd,1H)。
实施例11:制备化合物Ih
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钠(150mg),然后加入化合物IIh(200mg,0.98mmol)的***(5mL)溶液,反应继续 在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入碘甲烷(180mg),反应在-30℃下搅拌2h,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Ih(177mg)。化合物Ih经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.8%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.60(d,1H),7.19(d,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H),4.26(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(dd,1H),3.35(dd,1H)。
实施例12:制备化合物Ii
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钠(150mg),然后加入化合物IIi(200mg,0.98mmol)的***(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入碘甲烷(180mg),反应在-10℃下搅拌1h,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Ii(177mg)。化合物Ii经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.3%。
MS(ESI)m/z:220(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.61(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.09(dd,1H),4.25(dd,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.47(dd,1H),3.35(dd,1H)。
实施例13:制备化合物Ij
溶解化合物IAa(300mg,1.38mmol)于D 2O(2mL)和氘代盐酸(0.4mL)中,加入巯基乙酸(0.1mL),反应在110℃下搅拌8h。反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取后,水相在冻干机上冻干得到化合物Ij(290mg)。化合物Ij经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.5%。
MS(ESI)m/z:224(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ4.23(dd,1H),3.45(dd,1H),3.32(dd,1H)。
实施例14:制备化合物Ik
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钠(150mg),然后加入化合物IIk(200mg,0.98mmol)的***(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入碘甲烷(180mg),反应在30℃下搅拌15min,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Ik(149mg)。化合物Ik经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为97.9%。
MS(ESI)m/z:222(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.61(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.10(dd,1H),3.79(s,3H)。
实施例15:制备化合物Im
-78℃下,向硝酸铁(5mg)的液氨(10mL)溶液中加入金属钠(150mg),然后加入化合物IIm(200mg,0.98mmol)的***(5mL)溶液,反应继续在该温度下搅拌30min后,加入氘代碘甲烷(180mg),反应在-78℃下搅拌3h,TLC显示反应完全,用水淬灭,调节pH为4-6,静置得固体,过滤后,在四氢呋喃中打浆得到化合物Im(178mg)。化合物Ia经过乙酰化衍生后,按照实施例2提供的色谱分析条件检测,ee值为98.6%。
MS(ESI)m/z:222(M+H +)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.60(d,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.18(dd,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H),4.25(dd,1H),3.48(dd,1H),3.35(dd,1H)。
实施例16:大鼠的药代动力学评价
从上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司购入雄性SPF级体检合格、无异常的健康SD大鼠。化合物IAa、Ia、Ib、Id、Im通过静脉注射给药(剂量 12.5mg/kg)。经颈静脉穿刺采血,每个样品采集约0.2mL,肝素钠抗凝,采血时间点如下:
给药前,给药后5min,15min,30min,1h,2h,4h,6h,8h,24h和48h。
血液样本采集后置于冰上,离心分离血浆(离心条件:8000转/分钟,6分钟,2-8℃)。收集的血浆分析前存放于-80℃。
血液样品由实验机构分析部门采用LC-MS/MS进行分析。
根据药物的血药浓度数据,使用药代动力学计算软件WinNonlin5.2非房室模型分别计算供试品的药代动力学参数AUC 0-t、AUC 0-∞、MRT 0-∞、CL、T 1/2和Vd等参数及其平均值和标准差。
Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-000014
氘代化合物和非氘代化合物的药代动力学参数如上表所示。根据实验结果可知,本发明的氘代化合物Ia、Id、Im,与相应的非氘代化合物IAa相比,药物在动物体内的暴露量(AUC)有非常明显的提高。其中化合物Ia在动物体内暴露量(AUC)提高了70%以上。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这些仅是举例说明,在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此,本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100001
    其中,R a为氢或羧酸保护基;
    R b和R c各自独立地为氢或胺基保护基;
    R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,
    R a为氢或羧酸保护基;
    R b和R c各自独立地为氢或胺基保护基;
    R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,
    R a、R b和R c为氢;
    R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
  4. 如权利要求1或3所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于, 所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的绝对构型为R构型或S构型。
  5. 如权利要求1或3所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的绝对构型为R构型。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的结构如式III所示:
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100002
    其中,R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11各自独立地为氢或氘,且至少有一个为氘。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,R 1为氘;
    和/或,R 2和R 3为氘;
    和/或,R 9、R 10和R 11为氘。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物选自以下任一结构:
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100003
  9. 如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其特征在于,所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物为化合物102,所述的化合物102为化合物101在盐酸中进行水解反应制得;
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100004
    所述的化合物101在手性检测条件下的保留时间为8.8min或9.6min;
    所述的手性检测条件包括:
    手性柱为CHIRALPAK AD-H,4.6mm x 250mm;
    柱温为40℃;
    流动相A为0.1%TFA in Hexane,百分号为体积百分比;
    流动相B为乙醇;
    梯度为流动相A/流动相B=70/30,比例为体积比;
    流速为0.5mL/min;
    检测波长为UV 210nm。
  10. 一种药物组合物,其特征在于,其含有:
    (1)如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物;
    (2)药学上可接受的载体。
  11. 一种如权利要求10所述的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:将如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物和药学上可接受的载体进行混合,得到所述的药物组合物即可。
  12. 一种通过抑制吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶实现治疗癌症的方法,其包括向需要此治疗的患者施用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,或如权利要求10所述的药物组合物。
  13. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,或如权利要求10所述的药物组合物在制备治疗免疫性疾病的药物中的应用,特别是在制备治疗癌症的药物中的应用,其中所述的癌症为乳腺癌、卵巢癌、***癌、黑色素癌、脑癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、结肠直肠癌、肺癌、肾癌、皮肤癌、成胶质细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、骨软骨瘤、骨癌、骨肉瘤、***瘤、睾丸肿瘤、子宫瘤、头颈肿瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、真性红细胞增多症、白血病、甲状腺肿瘤、输尿管肿瘤、***、胆囊癌、胆管癌、绒毛膜上皮癌或儿科肿瘤。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物、其异构体、前药、晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合 物或溶剂合物,或者所述的药物组合物与另外一种或多种抗癌剂联合使用,所述的抗癌剂选自烷化剂、铂络合物、代谢拮抗剂、生物碱、抗体药物、激素抗癌剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、CDK激酶抑制剂、VEGFR或EGFR抑制剂、m-TOR抑制剂、PI3K激酶抑制剂、B-Raf抑制剂、PARP抑制剂、c-Met激酶抑制剂、ALK激酶抑制剂、AKT抑制剂、ABL抑制剂、FLT3抑制剂、PD-1抑制剂或PD-L1抑制剂。
  15. 一种如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:将如式II所示的化合物进行甲基化反应或氘甲基化反应;
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100005
    其中,R a、R b、R c、R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11的定义如权利要求1-9中任一项所述。
  16. 一种如式I所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:将如式IA所示的化合物进行氢/氘交换反应;
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100006
    其中,R a、R b、R c、R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11的定义如权利要求1-9中任一项所述。
  17. 一种如式ID所示的1-甲基-色氨酸类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:
    (1)将如式IB所示的化合物在氘代溶剂中进行氢/氘交换反应得到如式IC所示的化合物;
    (2)将如式IC所示的化合物进行脱保护反应得到如式ID所示的化合物;
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100007
    其中,R a、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10和R 11各自独立地为氢或氘;
    R 12为胺基保护基,优选为C 1-10烷基羰基。
  18. 一种如式Ia或Ib所示的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:
    (1)将如式IAa所示的化合物在氘代溶剂中进行氢/氘交换反应得到如式In所示的化合物;
    (2)将如式In所示的化合物进行手性HPLC拆分得到如式Io或Ip所示的化合物;
    (3)分别将如式Io或Ip所示的化合物在盐酸中进行水解反应得到如式Ia或Ib所示的化合物;
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100008
    其中,如式IAa所示的化合物为R构型和/或S构型。
  19. 一种如下任一结构的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100009
  20. 一种如下结构的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2018101082-appb-100010
    所述的化合物101在手性检测条件下的保留时间为8.8min或9.6min;
    所述的手性检测条件包括:
    手性柱为CHIRALPAK AD-H,4.6mm x 250mm;
    柱温为40℃;
    流动相A为0.1%TFA in Hexane,百分号为体积百分比;
    流动相B为乙醇;
    梯度为流动相A/流动相B=70/30,比例为体积比;
    流速为0.5mL/min;
    检测波长为UV 210nm。
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