WO2018228222A1 - 灯具 - Google Patents
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- WO2018228222A1 WO2018228222A1 PCT/CN2018/089581 CN2018089581W WO2018228222A1 WO 2018228222 A1 WO2018228222 A1 WO 2018228222A1 CN 2018089581 W CN2018089581 W CN 2018089581W WO 2018228222 A1 WO2018228222 A1 WO 2018228222A1
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- light
- fluorescent
- region
- sheet
- coating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
- F21V11/08—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
- F21V13/14—Combinations of only three kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements, reflectors and refractors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0083—Array of reflectors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
- F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
- F21V7/30—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0025—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source
- F21V7/0033—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source with successive reflections from one reflector to the next or following
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/06—Optical design with parabolic curvature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
- F21W2121/008—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for simulation of a starry sky or firmament
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/30—Semiconductor lasers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of illumination, in particular to the field of decorative lighting.
- Lamps belong to the traditional field, and a wide variety of lamps are available. When LEDs appear, the luminaires that use LEDs as the light source are also endless. However, with the improvement of people's living standards, there is an increasing demand for lighting, especially decorative lighting, and this demand has not yet been fully met.
- the invention provides a luminaire comprising a light source, the light source comprising a laser diode and a fluorescent sheet, the laser light emitted by the laser diode is focused on the fluorescent sheet and the fluorescent sheet is excited to emit fluorescence;
- the fluorescent sheet comprises a transparent heat conducting substrate and is attached to the surface of the substrate a fluorescent coating, the laser light emitted by the laser diode passes through the transparent heat conductive substrate and is focused on the fluorescent coating;
- the surface of the transparent heat conductive substrate is coated with an optical film that transmits laser light and at least partially reflects the fluorescent light, and the fluorescent coating is focused by the laser.
- the position of the spot is called the excitation region, and the region outside the excitation region is called the non-excitation region.
- the aperture plate placed at the rear end of the optical path of the fluorescent film and placed close to the fluorescent sheet.
- the aperture sheet includes the closely adjacent transparent region and the light shielding region.
- the luminaire also includes a light collimating element for receiving light from the aperture and directing it out.
- a laser light diode and a fluorescent sheet can be used to achieve a small illuminating spot, so that a collimated light collimating element can realize a highly collimated light beam.
- the diaphragm can at least partially block the illumination of the diffusing aura around the illuminating spot, thereby ensuring a better decorative effect of the final outgoing beam.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lamp according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5a is a schematic view showing the structure of a light source in a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5b is a schematic view showing the structure of a light source in a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6a shows the optical path of the fluorescence diffused in the transparent thermally conductive substrate in the embodiment of Figure 5a;
- Figure 6b shows a front view of the fluorescent coating in the embodiment of Figure 5a;
- Figure 7a is a schematic view showing the structure of a light source in a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7b is a schematic view showing the structure of a light source in a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7c is a front elevational view of a fluorescent coating and a diaphragm in a luminaire according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8a is a schematic view showing the structure of a light source in a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8b is a front elevational view of a fluorescent coating in a luminaire according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9a is a schematic view showing the structure of a lamp according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9b is a schematic view showing the structure of the light source in the lamp of the embodiment of Figure 9a;
- Figure 10a is a schematic view showing the structure of another light source in the lamp of the embodiment of Figure 9a;
- Figure 10b shows the evolution of the beam on both sides of the phosphor in the embodiment of Figure 10a;
- Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 15 is a view showing the structure of a lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the invention provides a lamp, and its structural schematic diagram is shown in FIG.
- the luminaire includes a light source 119 and a light collimating element 113, wherein the light source 119 includes a laser diode 111 and a fluorescent sheet 112, and the laser light 121 emitted from the laser diode 111 focuses on the fluorescent sheet 112 and excites the fluorescent sheet to emit fluorescence 122 and 123.
- the light collimating element 113 is configured to receive the light emitted by the light source 119 and collimate it to form the collimated light 124.
- the effective aperture of the light collimating element is opposite to the light emitting point of the light source by A, and A is not more than 60 degrees.
- the light collimating element 113 collects only the light 122 emitted by the light source 119 at an angle of less than 30 degrees with respect to the optical axis, and does not receive the light 123 having an angle of more than 30 degrees with the optical axis, which is sandwiched by the optical axis. Light energy with an angle greater than 30 degrees is wasted. For a Lambertian source (ie, a uniform illumination source), the energy of light within 30 degrees of the optical axis is only 25% of the total energy. For the luminaire of the present invention, the light collection of the light collimating element 113 The efficiency is very low.
- low light efficiency means low emission light energy in the art, it also means that the illumination effect is poor, so such low collection efficiency is not a conventional design in the art.
- the present invention is designed in such a manner that the inventors have found through experimentation that the smaller the effective aperture of the light collecting element is to the light-emitting point, the more the beam passing through the light collecting element is collimated, and the central light intensity is Not small. That is to say, the light lost by the angle of the light collimating element to the light-emitting point of the light source is reduced, and the light having a larger angle after passing through the light collimating element does not decrease the intensity of the center.
- the classical optics theory tells us that the degree of collimation of collimated light in an optical collimation system is inversely proportional to the size of the illuminating spot of the light source, that is, the larger the illuminating spot, the lower the degree of collimation.
- the laser light emitted from the laser diode is focused on the fluorescent sheet, and since the laser light is a coherent light emitted from a small light-emitting chip, a very small light-emitting spot can be formed, so that a highly collimated light beam can be formed according to optical theory.
- the opening angle of the light collimating element to the light-emitting point of the light source is controlled to be less than 60 degrees, which can further improve the collimation degree of the collimated beam.
- a highly collimated outgoing beam can be obtained, which does not become significantly diffuse and large in a few meters or even tens of meters.
- Such a beam has many uses in decorative lighting.
- the opening angle of the light collimating element to the light emitting point of the light source is less than 30 degrees, which can further improve the collimation degree of the collimated light beam.
- a curved mirror array 214 at the rear end of the optical path of the light collimating element is further included, including a plurality of planar mirrors 214a-214e arranged in an array along the arcuate surface.
- each of the plane mirrors 214a, 214b, 214c, 214d, 214e receives a small portion of the light and reflects it to form a plurality of sub- Beam 225, each of which is also a parallel beam.
- each of the mirrors Since a plurality of plane mirrors are arranged along one arc surface, the normal direction of each of the mirrors is slightly changed, so that the directions of the plurality of sub-beams reflected by them are also different. Also, since the collimated beam 224 is highly collimated, the plane mirror does not change the collimation of the light, so each sub-beam is also highly collimated. Such a plurality of highly collimated sub-beams will form a plurality of small spots at a distance (for example, a few meters away) to achieve a "Starlight" decorative lighting effect.
- the key to the "Stars" decorative effect is that each spot is sufficiently small and bright, which requires that the collimation of the collimated beam 224 is sufficiently high and that the center intensity is sufficiently large.
- the collimated beam produced by the embodiment of the present invention has the characteristics of high collimation and strong central light.
- the previous embodiment has a problem in that the light path from the light source to the light collimating element is long because the light collimating element has a small opening angle to the light emitting point of the light source, and the length of the light path is approximately equal to the light.
- the aperture of the collimating element is divided by the opening angle (radian), and the smaller the opening angle, the longer the optical path. This makes the entire system slim and inconvenient in the application.
- This problem is solved in the embodiment shown in FIG. Different from the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, two mirrors 316a and 316b are further included in this embodiment.
- the light 322 emitted from the light source is bent twice by the reflection of the mirrors 316a and 316b, and then incident on the light collimating element 313.
- the optical path can be effectively prevented from being too long in one direction, and the reflection of the mirror causes the overall optical path to exhibit a relatively equal length in both directions.
- two mirrors are used, and actually one or three or more mirrors are used, and the purpose of reducing the optical path length can also be achieved.
- the present embodiment is further different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that it further includes apertures 315a and 315b between the light source and the optical path of the light collimating element 313.
- the aperture includes a light transmission hole 315c, and only 322 of the light emitted by the light source Part of the light energy passes through the aperture 315c of the aperture, which partially covers the effective aperture of the light collimating element. The remaining light 323 from the light source is blocked by the aperture. This can reduce the ineffective light 323 becoming stray light and affecting the decorative effect of the injected light.
- the light collimating elements are all one lens, and part of the light emitted by the light source is incident on the lens and refracted through the lens to be collimated and emitted.
- the lens may be spherical or aspherical, preferably an aspherical lens, which allows for better collimation. Since the refractive index of the transparent material varies with the wavelength of the light, the light emitted by the light source is refracted by the lens and chromatic dispersion occurs.
- the light collimating element can also reflect incident light to form collimated light using reflection, as shown in FIG.
- the light collimating element 413 is a curved reflecting plate, and the light 422 emitted by the light source is incident upon being reflected by it to form collimated light 424.
- the section of the reflector in the plane of the paper plane in FIG. 4 is a section of a parabola that focuses on the light-emitting point of the light source; the vertical plane of the reflector in FIG. 4, parallel incident light
- the section line on the plane of the shaft is a circular section, and the circle is centered on the light-emitting point of the light source.
- a parabola focusing on the light-emitting point of the light source is rotated by a section perpendicular to the axis RX of the light-emitting light axis and perpendicular to the light-emitting optical axis, and the reflecting plate of the embodiment is obtained.
- the curved reflector does not have a chromatic aberration due to the refraction of light, so the color uniformity of the emitted light is better. It will be appreciated that in addition to lenses and curved reflectors, other light collimating elements can be used in the present invention.
- the laser is focused on the fluorescent sheet and excites the fluorescent sheet to generate fluorescence, and the fluorescent light is isotropically emitted in all directions, so that about half of the light energy is emitted toward the light source to cause light loss.
- the following embodiments from Figures 5 to 10 are further optimized and explained for the structure of the light source and the phosphor.
- the fluorescent sheet comprises a transparent thermally conductive substrate 512a and a fluorescent coating 512b attached to the surface of the substrate.
- the laser 521 emitted from the laser diode 511 is focused on the fluorescent light after passing through the transparent thermally conductive substrate 512a.
- the transparent thermally conductive substrate can be made of a transparent, thermally conductive material such as sapphire, diamond or silicon carbide to help dissipate the fluorescent coating.
- the transparent thermally conductive substrate is coated with an optical film that transmits laser light and at least partially reflects fluorescence, so that the fluorescence emitted by the laser diode can be at least partially reflected by the optical film and emitted toward the light collimating element, thereby effectively improving the light emission of the light source. effectiveness.
- the optical film is plated on the surface of the transparent thermally conductive substrate 512a facing the fluorescent coating, that is, the optical film is located between the transparent thermally conductive substrate and the fluorescent coating. The light emitted by the fluorescent coating can be directly reflected by the optical film without passing through the transparent thermally conductive substrate, reducing lateral diffusion of light.
- FIG. 5b more preferably, further comprising a filter 517 placed at the rear end of the optical path of the fluorescent sheet against the fluorescent sheet for transmitting the fluorescent light having a half angle of less than or equal to A/2 and at least partially reflecting the light. Fluorescence with a half angle greater than A/2. As described above, since the light collimating element can only receive the fluorescence of the light source with a half angle of A/2 or less, the effective light will be directly transmitted through the filter 517, and the remaining invalid light will be reflected back to the fluorescent sheet.
- the light After the light is scattered and reflected by the fluorescent sheet, it will be emitted again, some of which will change direction due to scattering and will be emitted in the range of the light half angle less than or equal to A/2, and the rest of the light will be reflected back to the fluorescent light by the filter 517 again.
- the sheet is scattered and reflected. That is to say, the original invalid light is partially reused as effective light after being reflected by the filter 517, thereby enhancing the energy of the light source that can be incident on the light collimating element, that is, improving the system efficiency.
- the laser 621 passes through the transparent thermally conductive substrate 612a and is focused on the fluorescent coating 612b and excites it to emit fluorescence.
- the fluorescent lights 631 and 632 are indicated by solid arrows, and the remaining laser light 633 not absorbed by the fluorescent coating is indicated by a dotted arrow.
- the optical film described in the embodiment of Fig. 5a is present, the optical film does not completely block the fluorescence, so that in addition to the directly emitted fluorescent 631, a portion of the fluorescent light 632 still enters the transparent thermally conductive substrate.
- Fig. 6b is a front elevational view of the fluorescent sheet as seen toward the direction of light emission.
- the spot position of the laser focused incident fluorescent coating corresponds to the central spot 641, where is the highest and brightest part of the energy, and most of the light exits directly therefrom. This area is called the excitation area, that is, the area where the laser directly excites the light.
- the region outside the excitation region is referred to as a non-excitation region, that is, a region that is not directly excited by the laser light.
- the fluorescent 632 diffusing into the transparent thermally conductive substrate shown in FIG. 6a will form a diffusing halo 643 at a periphery away from the central spot 641; there is a presence between the central spot 641 and the diffusing aura 643
- the location of the junction of these two regions that is, the inner circle of the diffusing halo 643, is easily calculated. According to geometrical optics, this corresponds to the incident position of the fluorescence which is just able to be totally reflected on the lower surface of the transparent thermally conductive substrate.
- L is the feature distance.
- the distance from the junction of the annular dark region 642 and the diffusing halo 643 to the center of the excitation region is the characteristic distance.
- the characteristic distance is related to the material and thickness of the transparent thermally conductive substrate, for example, for a transparent thermally conductive substrate of sapphire material having a thickness of 0.3 mm, the characteristic distance is equal to 0.41 mm.
- the central spot (excitation zone) 641 is the main role for illumination or decorative illumination, and the diffused aperture 643 as a stray light will have a destructive effect on this illumination or decorative illumination, so the diffusion aperture 643 should be reduced.
- Luminous At least two technical means can be used for this purpose. This is illustrated in the following examples.
- the optical yoke 717 is disposed at the rear end of the optical path of the fluorescent sheet, and the optical slab 717 includes a light transmitting area 717a and a light shielding area, which are closely adjacent to each other.
- the light transmitting region 717a is aligned with the focus point at which the laser is focused on the fluorescent sheet.
- the laser 721 is transmitted through the transparent thermally conductive substrate 712a and then focused on the fluorescent coating 712b, while the aperture sheet 717 is placed against the fluorescent coating 712b and its light transmitting region 717a is aligned with the laser 721 focused on the fluorescent coating.
- the excitation region of 712b while at least one point on the edge of the light-transmitting region has a distance from the center of the excitation region that is less than the feature distance.
- the effective light emitted from the excitation region can at least partially pass through the light-transmitting region 717a and finally achieve the decorative illumination purpose, and at least the diffusing optical ring is at least partially outside the light-transmitting region, and the light emitted by the diffusing optical ring is at least partially covered by the light-shielding region. Reduce the effects of stray light.
- the diffusing halos are all outside the light transmitting region of the light diaphragm, and at this time, all the points on the edge of the light transmitting region are less than the characteristic distance from the center of the excitation region of the fluorescent sheet, so that the light emitted by the diffusing optical ring will be completely blocked.
- the area is occluded so as not to affect the decorative lighting effect.
- the diaphragm 717 is perforated with a sheet of opaque sheet to achieve a light transmissive region 717a.
- This is a manufacturing method of the diaphragm. The limitation of this method is that the aperture of the perforation is difficult to do, and the thickness of the opaque sheet itself also absorbs, reflects, etc. the light propagating in the transmissive region. influences.
- the diaphragm 717 is made of a transparent material, wherein the light-shielding region 717b is formed by a light-shielding coating which absorbs or reflects incident light.
- a portion of the light-shielding coating on which the light-shielding region is required to be realized is a light-transmitting region 717a, and there are a plurality of advantages.
- the thickness of the opaque coating is negligible and therefore does not affect the propagation of light transmitted through the light-transmitting region.
- the opaque coating can be plated with a metal reflective or absorbing film or a non-metallic film, which is a very mature process.
- one side of the aperture sheet coated with the light-shielding coating is in close contact with the fluorescent coating layer 712b, so that there is no light propagation distance between the two, and the area where the aperture blocks the light is more accurate.
- the diaphragm is coated with a filter film for transmitting fluorescence having a half angle of A/2 or less and at least partially reflecting fluorescence having a half angle of greater than A/2, so that the half angle of the light is greater than A/.
- the ineffective fluorescence of 2 is reused so that more light is incident into the effective aperture of the light collimating element at the rear end of the optical path.
- the light collimating element can also be designed to collect a larger angle of light emitted by the light source, which obviously does not affect the function and beneficial effect of the diaphragm in the embodiment.
- the minimum size of the light transmitting region there is no limitation on the minimum size of the light transmitting region.
- the light transmitting region of the optical sheet is obviously larger than and completely covering the excitation region of the fluorescent sheet while being aligned with the excitation region of the fluorescent sheet. In order to ensure that all the light emitted by the excitation region can be emitted from the light-transmitting region.
- the shape of the light-transmitting region may be a circle, a pentagram, a cross star, A heart shape, a triangle, a square, a regular hexagon or an ellipse, and may be smaller than the excitation area of the fluorescent sheet to achieve a richer decorative effect.
- the shape of the light-transmitting region may be a circle, a pentagram, a cross star, A heart shape, a triangle, a square, a regular hexagon or an ellipse, and may be smaller than the excitation area of the fluorescent sheet to achieve a richer decorative effect.
- the light-transmissive area on the diaphragm 717 is a cross-shaped area 717a, the remaining area is a light-shielding area 717b, and the light-transmitting area 717a is aligned with the excitation area 741 of the fluorescent coating.
- the light-transmitting region 717a is also not limited to the inside of the excitation region of the fluorescent coating, and the tips of the four corners of the cross star extend beyond the excitation region 741 of the fluorescent coating to achieve the tip.
- both the light transmitting region and the excitation region of the fluorescent sheet must be aligned, but the size and specific positional relationship between the two are not fixed, and are designed and determined according to the actual decorative effect to be achieved.
- the light-transmissive area of the light-emitting sheet can also be smaller than the excitation area of the fluorescent coating. At this time, it can be ensured that the light emitted from the light-transmitting area is the brightest, and the edge of the formed light spot has an obvious boundary line between light and dark.
- FIG. 8a is a schematic view showing the structure of the light source in the embodiment
- Fig. 8b is a front view of the fluorescent coating surface facing the light emitting direction. In this embodiment, referring to FIG.
- the light absorbing coating is an oily coating, which has the advantage that for a hydrophilic fluorescent coating, the coating range of the oily coating is easily controlled and does not spread over a large area in the fluorescent coating.
- the portion of the fluorescent coating coated with the light absorbing coating should completely cover the diffusing halo.
- the portion 812c coated with the light absorbing coating should cover the fluorescent coating with the center of the excitation region as the center. And the portion outside the circular area having the radius of the feature distance, that is, the area covering 843 in FIG. 8b and its periphery.
- this portion may be coated with a light absorbing paint or a light absorbing paint because the portion of the region itself hardly emits light.
- the light absorbing coating has a process of diffusing in the fluorescent coating during the coating process
- the annular dark region can be used as a buffer for coating the light absorbing coating
- Fig. 8b is a front view of the fluorescent coating in this case.
- the diffusing halo 843 at the periphery of the annular dark region 842 is completely covered by the light absorbing paint, and the light absorbing paint 812c is inevitably partially diffused into the annular dark region 842 (buffer zone), and at the same time, due to the separation of the annular dark region 842, The diffused light absorbing coating does not diffuse to the central excitation region 841. Therefore, the annular dark region 842 is divided into two portions, the portion away from the excitation region is coated with a light absorbing paint, and the portion near the excitation region is not coated with a light absorbing paint.
- a filter (not shown) disposed at the rear end of the optical path of the fluorescent sheet is disposed adjacent to the fluorescent sheet, and is used for transmitting the fluorescent light having a half angle of less than or equal to A/2 and at least partially reflecting the light. Fluorescence with a half angle greater than A/2. In this way, the ineffective fluorescence having a half angle of illumination greater than A/2 can be reused, so that more light is incident into the effective aperture of the light collimating element at the rear end of the optical path.
- the light collimating element can also be designed to collect a larger angle of light emitted by the light source, which obviously does not affect the function and beneficial effect of the light absorbing paint in this embodiment.
- the fluorescent sheets are composed of a transparent thermally conductive substrate and a fluorescent coating applied to the surface thereof.
- a fluorescent coating applied to the surface thereof.
- the fluorescent sheet can be excited to emit fluorescence in a reflected form.
- the laser diode 911 emits a laser 921 which is incident on the fluorescent sheet 912 and excites it to emit fluorescence.
- the structure of the light source is as shown in FIG. 9b, and the fluorescent sheet includes a reflective substrate 912a and a fluorescent coating 912b coated on the surface of the reflective substrate, and the laser 921 emitted from the laser diode 911 is incident on the fluorescent coating 912b due to reflection.
- the fluorescent coating can only emit fluorescence in a direction away from the reflective substrate.
- the laser 921 is incident perpendicularly to the fluorescent coating 912b, the fluorescence emitted by the latter is directed toward the laser diode and cannot form a light output.
- the angle between the optical axis of the laser 921 and the plane normal of the fluorescent coating 912b is greater than A/2, and a beam 922 having a half angle larger than A/2 is leaked from the side, and the light collimating device 913 can collect and collimate it.
- there is no transparent light guiding layer and there is no possibility of lateral diffusion of fluorescence, and the light can be more concentrated.
- the angle between the laser optical axis and the plane normal of the fluorescent coating is 45 degrees.
- the optical axis of the laser 1021 is at an angle of 45 degrees to the reflective substrate 1012a and the fluorescent coating 1012b on the surface thereof.
- the circular beam of the laser beam 1021 is projected onto the plane of the fluorescent coating. It becomes an approximately elliptical excitation spot and excites the same shape of the fluorescent illuminating spot 1041, and the light collimating element at the rear end of the optical path receives the light emitted by the fluorescent illuminating spot 1041 from the direction of 45 degrees.
- the fluorescent light spot which is approximately elliptical in the direction in which the light collimating element is received is re-projected into a circular fluorescent light beam 1022, thereby finally forming a circular spot.
- the circular spot has a better device effect and is more easily accepted by people.
- the light source and the light collimating device are exemplified, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, how to use such a lighting device (including a light source and a light collimating device) to match a curved surface is illustrated.
- the mirror array achieves a "starry" decorative lighting effect.
- a plurality of planar mirrors are arranged along an irregular curved surface.
- the difference is that a plurality of plane mirrors 1114a and 1114b are distributed on a convex surface 1114x, and the normal direction of each plane mirror is the same as the normal direction of the convex surface at this position.
- the normal direction of each plane mirror is such that the direction of the plurality of sub-beams formed by the reflection is different.
- the concave mirror array at the rear end of the light path of the illuminating device includes a plurality of plane mirrors 1214a and 1214b and the like, the plurality of plane mirrors along a concave surface 1214x Arranged in an array, light emitted from the illumination device is reflected by the concave mirror array to form a plurality of converged sub-beams 1225.
- Geometric optics tells us that any concave mirror can reflect the collimated beam into a concentrated beam, and in the present embodiment, the normal direction of each of the planar mirrors 1214a and 1214b and the concave surface at which it is located are at this position.
- a housing 1218 is further included.
- the concave mirror array is located in the housing 1218.
- the surface of the housing 1218 includes a light transmissive region 1218a.
- the plurality of sub-beams converge in the transparent region 1218a and pass through the transparent region. Wear out to the outside of the housing.
- the area of the convergence position of the sub-beams is obviously smaller than the size of the concave mirror array, so that the light-transmissive area can also be relatively small to allow the sub-beams to pass through, specifically, the light-transmitting area is at least The dimension in one direction dimension is smaller than the dimension of the concave mirror array in the dimension dimension. From the product point of view, the small light transmission area can give people the feeling that all the sub-beams are emitted from one point, and it is not easy to see through all the structures inside the casing 1218 from the light-transmitting area, and the appearance effect is good.
- the shape of the light-transmissive region 1218a of the surface of the casing is circumscribed by the envelope of the total spot formed when the plurality of sub-beams pass through the light-transmitting region, so that the light-transmitting region can ensure that all the sub-beams can pass through the light-transmitting region. It also ensures that the area of the light transmitting area is minimized.
- the light transmissive area of the surface of the casing is circular, pentagonal, teardrop, elliptical, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, heart-shaped, regular hexagon or triangular to achieve a better appearance.
- the concave surface 1214x is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the concave surface 1214x may also have different curvatures in two mutually perpendicular dimensions to achieve different light spot distributions after reflection.
- the luminaire in this embodiment further includes a motor (not shown) for driving the rotation of the curved mirror array.
- the rotation is circumferentially rotated along the normal direction AX of the center of the concave surface 1214x.
- the motor can also drive the arc mirror array for other periodic motions to achieve other visual effects.
- the light-emitting device does not have to adopt the structure of the light source and the light collimating element shown in FIG. 1, and the advantageous effects of the embodiment can be achieved as long as the light-emitting device can emit the collimated light beam.
- the concave mirror array located at the rear end of the light path of the illuminating device includes a plurality of plane mirrors arranged in an array along a concave surface through which the light emitted from the illuminating device passes After the reflection, a plurality of sub-beams 1325u, 1325v, 1325w, and the like are formed, and the plurality of sub-beams are irradiated onto the target surface 1351 to form a plurality of sub-spots.
- the incident angle of the sub-beam 1325u incident on the target surface 1351 (the angle between the incident ray and the target surface at the normal of the incident point) is greater than the incident angle at which the sub-beam 1325w is incident on the target surface 1351.
- the number of planar mirrors per unit area ie, the density of the planar mirror
- the spot formed by the sub-beam 1325u at the target surface 1351 to the adjacent sub-beam is due to the influence of the projection angle.
- the distance of the spot formed by the target surface 1351 is necessarily greater than the distance of the spot formed by the sub-beam 1325w at the target face 1351 to the spot formed by the adjacent sub-beam at the target face 1351.
- the array of light spots formed on the target surface 1351 is uneven: the spot density of the region 1352u where the sub-beam 1325u is incident is smaller than the spot density of the region 1352w where the sub-beam 1325w is incident.
- the sub-beam 1325u is formed by reflection of the region 1314u on the concave mirror array, and the sub-beam 1325w is formed by the region 1314w, so that the plane mirror of the unit area on the region 1314u is made.
- the number density of the planar mirror
- the number is greater than the number of planar mirrors per unit area of the region 1314w, and the difference in distance between adjacent spots caused by the projection angle can be at least partially compensated.
- the incident angles of the two incident on the target surface 1351 are similar, so that the density of the planar mirrors on the corresponding regions 1314v and 1314w can be set to be close.
- the concave mirror array includes a dense area and a sparse area, the number of plane mirrors per unit area of the dense area is larger than the number of plane mirrors per unit area of the sparse area, and the sub-area of the plane mirror
- the average incident angle at which the beam is incident on the target surface is greater than the average incident angle at which the sub-beam emerging from the planar mirror in the sparse region is incident on the target surface.
- Such a dense region relies on a higher density of the planar mirror to compensate for the influence of the large distance of the incident sub-beam on the target surface caused by the large incident angle, so that the dense region and the sparse region are formed on the target surface. The distance between adjacent spots is closer.
- the area 1314u on the concave mirror array is a dense area, and the area 1314u is a sparse area.
- the dense area is located at one end of the concave surface near the light emission direction, and the sparse area is located at one end of the concave surface away from the light emission direction. It will be appreciated that there may be multiple pairs of dense and sparse zones on the concave mirror array.
- the concave mirror array is exemplified. It is obvious that the arrangement of the dense area and the sparse area can also be applied to the convex mirror array (see the embodiment shown in FIG. 11) and other types of curved mirror arrays, and the mode of action and the law are not related to the specific form of the curved surface.
- the light-emitting device does not have to adopt the structure of the light source and the light collimating element shown in FIG. 1, and the advantageous effects of the embodiment can be achieved as long as the light-emitting device can emit the collimated light beam.
- the rear end of the light path of the light emitting device may further include a reflecting plate and a motor, and the motor drives the reflecting plate to rotate or periodically move, and the structure thereof
- the schematic is shown in Figure 14.
- the reflecting plate 1414 reflects the collimated light emitted by the light emitting device, and the motor drives the reflecting plate to rotate, so that the scanning of the reflected spot can be controlled to form a visual effect of the moving spot.
- the motor can also drive the reflector for other periodic motions to create other ways of spot motion.
- the rear end of the optical path of the illuminating device that emits the collimated beam includes a micromirror array 1514, and the micromirror array 1514 includes a plurality of micromirrors 1514a, 1514b, etc., and the light beam emitted by the illuminating device is incident. Reflecting behind the micromirror array forms a plurality of sub-beams.
- the micromirrors 1514a and 1514b in the micromirror array can be flipped independently, which corresponds to the direction in which the propagation directions of the plurality of sub-beams can be independently controlled, and the array of spots formed on the target surface (not shown) Each point in the space can be independently controlled to move, creating a unique visual effect.
- the luminaire in this embodiment further includes a motor 1519 for driving the micromirror array to rotate or periodically. In this way, the array of light spots formed on the target surface can be rotated integrally or periodically, and the independent control motion of each light spot can be simultaneously performed to form a unique visual effect.
- the light-emitting device does not have to adopt the structure of the light source and the light collimating element shown in FIG. 1, and the advantageous effects of the embodiment can be achieved as long as the light-emitting device can emit the collimated light beam.
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Abstract
一种灯具,包括光源(119),该光源(119)包括激光二极管(111,511,911)和荧光片(112),激光二极管(111,511,911)发出的激光(121,521,621,721,921)聚焦于荧光片(112)并激发荧光片(112)发出荧光(123,323);荧光片(112)包括透明导热衬底(512a,612a,712a,912a,1012a)和依附于该衬底表面的荧光涂层(512b,612b,712b,912b,1012b),还包括位于荧光片(112)光路后端紧贴荧光片(112)放置的光阑片(717),光阑片(717)包括紧密相邻的透光区(717a)和遮光区(717b)。光阑片(717)可以至少部分的遮挡发光光斑***的扩散光环的发光,保证最终出射光束更好的装饰效果。
Description
本发明涉及照明领域,特别是装饰照明领域。
灯具属于传统领域,各种灯具种类繁多。当LED出现后,以LED为光源的灯具也是层出不穷。然而随着人们生活水平的提高,对照明、尤其是装饰照明有了越来越高的需求,而这种需求目前还没有得到完全满足。
发明内容
本发明提出一种灯具,包括光源,该光源包括激光二极管和荧光片,激光二极管发出的激光聚焦于荧光片并激发荧光片发出荧光;荧光片包括透明导热衬底和依附于该衬底表面的荧光涂层,激光二极管发出的激光穿过该透明导热衬底后聚焦于荧光涂层;透明导热衬底表面上镀有透射激光并至少部分反射荧光的光学薄膜,荧光涂层被激光聚焦入射的光斑位置称为激发区,激发区以外的区域称为非激发区;还包括位于荧光片光路后端紧贴荧光片放置的光阑片,光阑片包括紧密相邻的透光区和遮光区,透光区对准激光聚焦于荧光片的激发区,且透光区的边缘上至少存在一个点到激发区中心的距离小于特征距离,特征距离L等于L=2dtgθ,其中θ=arcsin(1/n),d和n分别是透明导热衬底的厚度和折射率。灯具还包括光准直元件,用于接收从光阑片出射的光并将其准直出射。
利用激光激光二极管和荧光片可以实现很小的发光光斑,从而经过光准直元件准直后可以实现高度准直光的光束。而光阑片可以至少部分的遮挡发光光斑***的扩散光环的发光,保证最终出射光束更好的装饰效果。
图1表示了本发明第一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图2表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图3表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图4表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图5a表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中光源的结构示意图;
图5b表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中光源的结构示意图;
图6a表示了图5a所示实施例中荧光在透明导热衬底中扩散的光路;
图6b表示了图5a所示实施例中荧光涂层的正视图;
图7a表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中光源的结构示意图;
图7b表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中光源的结构示意图;
图7c表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中荧光涂层和光阑片的正视图;
图8a表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中光源的结构示意图;
图8b表示了本发明另一实施例灯具中荧光涂层的正视图;
图9a表示了本发明第一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图9b表示了图9a实施例的灯具中光源结构示意图;
图10a表示了图9a实施例灯具中另一种光源的结构示意图;
图10b表示了图10a实施例中光束的在荧光片两侧的演变;
图11表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图12表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图13表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图14表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图;
图15表示了本发明另一实施例的灯具的结构示意图。
本发明提出一种灯具,其结构示意图如图1所示。该灯具包括光源119和光准直元件113,其中光源119包括激光二极管111和荧光片112,激光二极管111发出的激光121聚焦于荧光片112并激发荧光片发出荧光122和123。光准直元件113用于接收光源119发出的光并将其准直形成准直光124出射,该光准直元件的有效口径相对光源发光点的张角为A,A不大于60度。也就是说,光准直元件113只收集了光源119发出的与光轴夹角在30度以内的光线122,而没有接收与光轴夹角大于30度的光线123,这部分与光轴夹角大于30度的光能量浪费掉了。对于朗伯光源(即均匀发光光源)来说,与光轴夹角在30度以内的光的能量只占总能量的25%,对于本发明的灯具来说,光准直元件113的光收集效率是很低的。由于在本领域中,光效低意味着出射光能量低,也意味着照明效果差,因此这样低的收集效率不是本领域的常规设计。然而本发明之所以这样设计,是因为发明人通过实验发现,光收集元件的有效口径对光源发光点的张角越小,经过光收集元件的光束就越准直,而同时中心光强是并不变小的。也就是说减少了光准直元件对光源发光点的张角所损失的光,都是经过光准直元件后角度较大的光,而中心的光强并没有降低。这显然与光学教科书上的结论并不相同,因为在光学教科书上所讲只要光源放置在透镜的焦点上无论多大角度的光线都可以得到准直,因此减小收集角度也会减小中心光强。
对于以上实验发现发明人并没有很好的理论解释,但在实践中确实发现只收集利用光源中心角度的光能量并不降低中心光强,同时准直光束的角度可以变小。
经典光学理论告诉我们,在光准直***中准直光的准直程度与光源的发光光斑尺寸成反比,即发光光斑越大,准直程度越低。在本发明中,激光二极管发出的激光聚焦于荧光片,由于激光是由很小的发光芯片发出的相干光,可以形成非常小的发光光斑,这样根据光学理论就可以形成高度准直的光束。同时利用发明人所发现的实验结论,控制光准直元件对光源发光点的张角小于60度,这样可以进一步的提高准直光束的准直度。这样就可以得到高度准直的出射光束,在几米甚至几十米外都不会明显扩散变大。这样的光束在装饰照明中有很多用处。
优选的,光准直元件对光源发光点的张角小于30度,这样可以进一步的提高准直光束的准直度。
图2所示的实施例中就举例了一个在装置照明中的应用。在该实施例的灯具中,还包括位于光准直元件光路后端的弧面反射镜阵列214,包括多个平面反射镜214a-214e,该多个平面反射镜沿弧面排列成阵列。从光准直元件出射的准直光束224入射到该弧面反射镜阵列214后,各个平面反射镜214a、214b、214c、214d、214e分别接收了一小部分光并将其反射而形成多个子光束225,每一个子光束也都是平行光束。由于多个平面反射镜沿一个弧面排列,因此每一个反射镜的法线方向都略有变化,这样由其反射出的多个子光束的方向也不同。又由于准直光束224是高度准直的,平面镜不改变光的准直度,因此每一个子光束也是高度准直的。这样多个高度准直的子光束会在远处(例如几米外)形成多个小光点,实现“满天星”的装饰照明效果。在本实施例中,“满天星”装饰效果的关键在于每一个光点要足够小而且亮,这就要求准直光束224的准直度要足够高,而且中心光强足够大。而正是因为前述的原因,本发明图1所示实施例所产生准直光束同时具有准直度高和中心光强大的特点。
前述的实施例存在一个问题,就是从光源到光准直元件的光路径很长,这是由于光准直元件对光源发光点的张角小所决定的,这段光路径的长度约等于光准直元件的口径除以张角(弧度),张角越小则这段光路径越长。这就使得整个***变得细长,在应用中不太方便。在图3所示的实施例中解决了这个问题。与图1所示实施例不同的是,在本实施例中还包括两片反射镜316a和316b。从光源发出的光322先后经过反射镜316a和316b的反射而弯折两次,再入射于光准直元件313。这样就可以有效的避免光路在 一个方向上过长,而是经过反射镜的反射后使得总体光路在两个方向上呈现比较均衡的长度。在本实施例中使用了两片反射镜,而实际上使用一片或者三片或更多反射镜,也可以实现减少光路长度的目的。
本实施例与图1所示实施例另一个不同点在于,还包括位于光源和光准直元件313光路之间的光阑315a和315b,光阑包括透光孔315c,光源发出的光中只有322部分光能通过该光阑的透光孔315c,这部分光完全覆盖光准直元件的有效口径。而光源发出的其余光323则被光阑挡住。这样可以减少无效的光323变成杂散光而影响注射光的装饰效果。
在以上实施例中,光准直元件都是一片透镜,光源发出的部分光入射于该透镜并经过其折射后准直出射。透镜可以是球面或非球面的,优选的为非球面的透镜,这样可以实现更佳的准直度。由于透明材料的折射率随光波长变化,因此光源发出的光经过透镜折射后会出现色散现象。在另一个实施例中,光准直元件还可以使用反射的方式将入射光反射形成准直光,如图4所示。
在图4所示的实施例中,光准直元件413是一片弧形反射板,光源发出的光422入射后被其反射形成准直光424出射。具体而言,该反射板在图4中的纸面平面上的截线是抛物线的一段,该抛物线以光源的发光点为焦点;该反射板在图4中的垂直纸面、平行入射光光轴的平面上的截线是圆形的一段,且该圆形以光源的发光点为圆心。也可以理解为,以光源发光点为焦点的一段抛物线,以过光源发光点且垂直于光源发光光轴的轴线RX为对称轴旋转一段,得到本实施例的反射板。
与使用透镜不同的是,弧形反射板不存在由于光的折射而形成的色差,因此出射光的颜色均匀性更好。可以理解,除了透镜和弧形反射板,其他光准直元件在本发明中也都是可以使用的。
在前述实施例中,激光聚焦于荧光片并激发荧光片产生荧光,而荧光会向各方向各向同性的发射,因此会有一半左右的光能量面向光源发射从而造成光损失。以下从图5到图10的实施例针对光源和荧光片结构做了进一步的优化和解释。
在图5a所示的实施例中,荧光片包括透明导热衬底512a和依附于该衬底表面的荧光涂层512b,激光二极管511发出的激光521穿过该透明导热衬底512a后聚焦于荧光涂层512b。透明导热衬底可以由蓝宝石、金刚石或碳化硅这样的透明的导热材质制作,可以帮助荧光涂层散热。透明导热衬底表面上镀有透射激光并至少部分反射荧光的光学薄膜,这样面向激光二极管发射的荧光至少部分的可以被该光学薄膜反射而面向光准直元件发射,从而有效提升了光源的发光效率。优选的,该光学薄膜镀在透明导热衬底512a面向荧光涂层的表面上,即光学薄膜位于透明导热衬底和荧光涂层之间。这样荧光涂层发出的光不用穿过透明导热衬底就可以被光学薄膜直接反射,减少了光的横向扩散。
在图5b所示的实施例中,更优选的,还包括位于荧光片光路后端紧贴荧光片放置的滤光片517,用于透射发光半角小于等于A/2的荧光并至少部分反射发光半角大于A/2的荧光。如前所述的,由于光准直元件只能接收光源发出的发光半角小于等于A/2的荧光,这部分有效光会直接透射滤光片517,而其余的无效光将被反射回荧光片,这部分光经过荧光片散射和反射后会再次出射,其中部分会由于散射作用改变方向并在发光半角小于等于A/2的范围内得以出射,其余光则再次被滤光片517反射返回荧光片进行散射和反射。也就是说,原本的无效光经过滤光片517的反射后会部分得到再利用成为有效光,从而提升光源的能够入射到光准直元件上光的能量,也就是提升了***效率。
在图5a和图5b所示的实施例中,存在光在透明导热衬底中扩散的问题,如图6a所示。激光621穿过透明导热衬底612a后聚焦于荧光涂层612b并激发其发射荧光。在图6a中荧光631和632以实线箭头表示,而剩余的没有被荧光涂层吸收的激光633用虚线箭头表示。即使存在图5a实施例中所述的光学薄膜,该光学薄膜也不能完全阻挡住荧光,因此除了直接出射的荧光631之外,仍然会有部分荧光632进入到透明导热衬底中。这部分荧光632中入射角较大的部分会在透明导热衬底612a的另一个相对的表面上发生全反射并再次回到荧光涂层所在的表面,并至少部分出射。这样,在荧光涂层表面就会形成如图6b所示的光能量分布。图6b是荧光片面向发光方向看过去的正视图。其中激光聚焦入射荧光涂层的光斑位置对应于中心光斑641,这里是能量最高也是最亮的部分,大部分光从这里直接出射,这个区域称为激发区,即激光直接激发发光的区域。激发区以外的区域称为非激发区,即没有被激光直接激发发光的区域。在非激发区内,图6a中所示的进入透明导热衬底中扩散的荧光632会在远离中心光斑641一段距离 后在***形成扩散光环643;在中心光斑641和扩散光环643之间在存在暗环642,以及在扩散光环643之外存在的暗区域644。可见在非激发区内至少又包括两个区,围绕激发区641并与激发区相邻的环形暗区域642,和与激发区不相邻的***区域。这两个区域的交界处——也就是扩散光环643的内圆处的位置容易计算得到。根据几何光学可知,这里对应于刚好能在透明导热衬底下表面发生全反射的荧光的入射位置。发生全反射的荧光的最小入射角θ等于:θ=arcsin(1/n),其中n是透明导热衬底的折射率。例如对于蓝宝石材质的透明导热衬底,n=1.765,那么容易计算得到θ=34.5度。参考图6a,入射角为θ的荧光在透明导热衬底中反射一次所传播距离L等于L=2dtgθ,其中d是透明导热衬底的厚度。为了后面叙述方便,定义L为特征距离。环形暗区域642与扩散光环643的交界处到激发区中心的距离是特征距离。特征距离与透明导热衬底的材质和厚度有关,例如对于0.3mm厚度的蓝宝石材质的透明导热衬底,特征距离等于0.41mm。
可以理解,中心光斑(激发区)641是用于照明或装饰照明的主要作用者,而扩散光环643作为杂散光则会对这个照明或装饰照明起到破坏效果的作用,因此应该减少扩散光环643的发光。为了达到这个目的可以使用至少两种技术手段。在下面的实施例中予以说明。
在图7a所示的实施例的灯具中,还包括位于荧光片光路后端紧贴荧光片放置的光阑片717,光阑片717包括透光区717a和遮光区,两者紧密相邻,透光区717a对准激光聚焦于荧光片的聚焦点。在该实施例中,激光721透射透明导热衬底712a后聚焦于荧光涂层712b,而光阑片717紧贴荧光涂层712b放置且其透光区717a对准了激光721聚焦于荧光涂层712b的激发区,同时透光区的边缘上至少存在一个点到激发区中心的距离小于特征距离。这样激发区发出的有效光至少部分可以透过透光区717a并最终实现装饰照明目的,同时扩散光环至少部分在透光区以外,扩散光环发出的光会至少部分的被遮光区遮住,达到减少杂散光的作用。优选的,扩散光环全部在光阑片的透光区以外,此时透光区的边缘上所有的点到荧光片激发区中心的距离都小于特征距离,这样扩散光环发出的光将全部被遮光区遮挡从而不会影响装饰照明效果。
图7a所示的实施例中光阑片717使用了一片不透明的片材上打孔以实现透光区717a。这是光阑片的一种制造方法,这种方法的局限在于打孔的孔径很难做的很小,而不透明片材本身的厚度也会对透光区内传播的光形成吸收、反射等影响。更加优选的,如图7b所示,光阑片717由透明材质制成,其中遮光区717b由遮光镀膜形成,该镀膜吸收或反射入射光。用于制作光阑片的透明材质可以有多种选择,玻璃、石英、蓝宝石等都可以。在其上需要实现遮光区的部分镀遮光镀膜,没有镀膜的部分就是透光区717a,这样的好处有多个。首先可以使用半导体工艺实现,透光区的尺寸、形状几乎没有限制,而且成本低廉。其次是遮光镀膜的厚度可以忽略不计,因此也不会影响透光区内透射的光的传播。遮光镀膜可以镀金属反射膜或吸收膜,也可以镀非金属膜,这是非常成熟的工艺。优选的,光阑片镀有遮光镀膜的一面紧贴荧光涂层712b,这样两者之间没有光线的传播距离,光阑遮挡光的区域就更准确。
优选的,光阑片镀有滤光膜,该滤光膜用于透射发光半角小于等于A/2的荧光并至少部分反射发光半角大于A/2的荧光,这样就可以将发光半角大于A/2的无效荧光进行再利用,使更多的光入射到光路后端的光准直元件的有效口径内。当然在本实施例中,光准直元件也可以设计成收集光源发出的更大角度的光,这显然并不影响本实施例中光阑片所起的作用和有益效果。
在前述的图7a和图7b所示的实施例中,并没有对透光区的最小尺寸给出限制。一般来说为了达到最大化的将荧光片上的激发区发出的光出射的目的,光阑片的透光区显然在对准荧光片的激发区的同时,应大于并完全覆盖荧光片的激发区,以保证激发区发出的所有光都得以从透光区出射。然而在另外一些装饰照明的场合,考虑到从光阑片透光区出射的光会在最终形成装饰照明效果的区域上成像,因此透光区形状可以为圆形、五角星形、十字星、心形、三角形、正方形、正六边形或椭圆形,并且可能小于荧光片的激发区,以实现更加丰富的装饰效果。例如图7c所示的情况,光阑片717上的透光区是十字星形的区域717a,其余区域为遮光区717b,透光区717a对准了荧光涂层的激发区741。这样虽然激发区741 发出的光有很大的部分被遮光区遮挡了而不能出射,但是在最终的装饰照明区域会呈现一个明亮的十字星形,实现了特殊的装饰效果。在这个实施例中,透光区717a也并没有局限于荧光涂层的激发区内部,其十字星的四个角的尖部也伸出了荧光涂层的激发区741以外,以实现在尖部变暗的效果。由这个例子可见,透光区与荧光片的激发区两者必须对准,但是两者的大小和具***置关系并不是固定的,要根据实际所要实现的装饰效果来设计和决定。例如,光阑片的透光区也可以小于荧光涂层的激发区,这时就可以保证透光区出射的光都是最亮的,所形成的光斑边缘会有一个明显的明暗分界线。
上述图7a到图7c所示实施例中描述了减少扩散光环发光的一类方法,下面以图8a和图8b所示的实施例说明另一类方法。图8a是该实施例中光源的结构示意图,图8b是荧光涂层的面向发光方向看过去的正视图。在该实施例中,参考图8b,在荧光涂层812b的非激发区中至少部分涂有吸光涂料812c,该涂有吸光涂料的部分中至少包括一个区域,该区域中心到激发区中心的距离等于特征距离,那么这个区域必然至少部分覆盖扩散光环643,也就达到了减少扩散光环发光的目的。优选的,吸光涂料为油性涂料,其好处是对于亲水的荧光涂层来说,油性涂料的涂覆范围容易控制,不会在荧光涂层中大面积的扩散。
显然,为了完全去除扩散光环的影响,荧光涂层上涂有吸光涂料的部分应完全覆盖扩散光环,在实际操作中就是涂有吸光涂料的部分812c应覆盖荧光涂层上以激发区中心为圆心并以特征距离为半径的圆形区域以外的部分,也就是覆盖图8b中843以及其***的区域。
而对于与激发区相邻的环形暗区,这部分可以涂吸光涂料也可以不涂吸光涂料,因为本身这部分区域也几乎不发光。考虑到吸光涂料在涂覆过程中有在荧光涂层中扩散的过程,因此该环形暗区刚好可以作为涂覆吸光涂料的缓冲区,图8b就是这种情况下荧光涂层的正视图。在本实施例中,环形暗区842***的扩散光环843被吸光涂料完全覆盖,吸光涂料812c必然会部分的扩散进入该环形暗区842(缓冲区),同时由于该环形暗区842的分隔,扩散的吸光涂料又不会扩散到中心的激发区841。因此该环形暗区842会分成两部分,远离激发区的部分会涂有吸光涂料,而靠近激发区的部分不会涂有吸光涂料。
优选的,在本实施例中还包括位于荧光片光路后端紧贴荧光片放置的滤光片(图中未画出),用于透射发光半角小于等于A/2的荧光并至少部分反射发光半角大于A/2的荧光。这样就可以将发光半角大于A/2的无效荧光进行再利用,使更多的光入射到光路后端的光准直元件的有效口径内。当然在本实施例中,光准直元件也可以设计成收集光源发出的更大角度的光,这显然并不影响本实施例中吸光涂料所起的作用和有益效果。
在以上实施例中,荧光片都是由透明导热衬底和涂覆在其表面的荧光涂层构成。如图6a和相关说明所述的,这种情况下存在部分荧光在透明导热衬底中传导并扩散的问题。实际上,还有另一种方式实现荧光片。下面的实施例对此予以说明,其结构示意图如图9a所示。
在本实施例的灯具中,荧光片可以以反射的形式受激发射荧光。激光二极管911发射激光921,该激光921聚焦入射于荧光片912并激发其发射荧光。具体而言,光源的结构如图9b所示,荧光片包括反射衬底912a和涂覆于反射衬底表面的荧光涂层912b,激光二极管911发出的激光921入射于荧光涂层912b,由于反射衬底的作用,荧光涂层只能背向反射衬底的方向发射荧光。可以理解,如果激光921垂直的入射于荧光涂层912b,则后者发射的荧光就正对着激光二极管出射,不能形成光输出。在本实施例中,设置激光921的光轴与荧光涂层912b平面法线的夹角大于A/2,这时就会有半角大于A/2的光束922从侧面泄露出来,光准直装置913就可以对其进行收集和准直。这种方法中不存在透明导光层,也就不可能存在荧光的横向扩散,光可以更加集中。
优选的,激光光轴与荧光涂层平面法线的夹角为45度。如图10a所示,激光1021的光轴与反射衬底1012a和其表面的荧光涂层1012b的夹角为45度,参考图10b,那么圆形截面的激光束1021投射到荧光涂层平面时就变成了近似椭圆形的激发光斑,并激发出同样形状的荧光发光光斑1041,而光路后端的光准直元件接收该荧光发光光斑1041发出的光时也是从45度的方向上接收的,因此在光准直元件接收方向看去近似椭圆的荧光发光光斑又会重新投影成为圆形的荧光光束1022,从而最终形成圆形的光斑。圆形光斑具有比较好的装置效果,且比较容易被人们所接受。
在前述实施例中,举例说明了光源和光准直装置的几种实现形式,在图2所示的实施例中则说明了 如何利用这样的发光装置(包括光源和光准直装置)配合一个弧面反射镜阵列实现“满天星”的装饰照明效果。在该实施例中多个平面反射镜沿一个不规则的曲面排列。在图11所示的实施例中,区别在于,多个平面反射镜1114a和1114b等分布在一个凸面1114x表面,每个平面反射镜的法线方向与其所在的凸面在这个位置的法线方向相同,显然每个平面反射镜的法线方向,以使得其反射形成的多个子光束的方向不同。
图12所示的实施例的灯具中,位于发光装置(包括和光准直元件)光路后端的凹面反射镜阵列,包括多个平面反射镜1214a和1214b等,该多个平面反射镜沿一个凹面1214x排列成阵列,从发光装置出射的光经过凹面反射镜阵列反射后形成多个汇聚的子光束1225。几何光学告诉我们,任何凹面反射镜都可以将准直的光束反射成为汇聚的光束,而在本实施例中,每个平面反射镜1214a和1214b的法线方向与其所在的凹面在这个位置的法线方向相同,因此多个平面反射镜1214a和1214b等将凹面连续变化的法线方向变成离散变化的,多个平面反射镜1214a和1214b等所反射形成的多个子光束则是汇聚的。在本实施例的灯具中,还包括壳体1218,凹面反射镜阵列位于该壳体1218内,壳体1218表面包括一个透光区1218a,多个子光束汇聚于透光区1218a并从透光区穿出到壳体外。由于子光束是汇聚的,这些子光束的汇聚位置的面积显然会小于凹面反射镜阵列的尺寸,因此透光区也可以比较小就能够允许子光束全部透过,具体来说透光区至少在一个方向维度上的尺寸小于凹面反射镜阵列在该方向维度上的尺寸。从产品角度,小的透光区可以给人感觉所有的子光束都是从一个点出射出来,而且从该透光区向内不容易看穿壳体1218内部的所有构造,外观效果好。
优选的,壳体表面的透光区1218a的形状外接于多个子光束穿过透光区时形成的总光斑的包络,这样透光区既可以保证所有子光束都能够穿过透光区,又能够保证透光区的面积最小化。优选的,壳体表面的透光区呈圆形、五角星形、水滴形、椭圆形、正方形、长方形、梯形、心形、正六边形或三角形,以实现更好的外观效果。在本实施例中,凹面1214x为球面或椭球面,凹面1214x也可能在两个相互垂直的维度上的曲率不同,以实现反射后不同的光点分布。
进一步的,本实施例中的灯具还包括马达(图中未画出),用于驱动弧面反射镜阵列转动。该转动是沿着凹面1214x中心的法线方向AX圆周转动的,随着凹面的转动和每一个平面反射镜1214a和1214b等的转动,经过凹面反射镜阵列反射形成的子光束也会跟着转动,形成转动的多个小光点,构成更丰富的视觉效果。当然,马达也可以驱动弧面反射镜阵列进行其它周期性运动,以实现其它视觉效果。
显然在此实施例中,发光装置不一定要采用图1所示的光源和光准直元件的结构,只要发光装置能够发射准直光束,就可以实现本实施例的有益效果。
图13所示的实施例是在图12的实施例中的进一步改进。在本实施例的灯具中,位于发光装置光路后端的凹面反射镜阵列包括多个平面反射镜,该多个平面反射镜沿一个凹面排列成阵列,从发光装置出射的光经过该凹面反射镜阵列反射后形成多个子光束1325u、1325v和1325w等,该多个子光束照射于目标面1351形成多个子光斑。
很明显,子光束1325u入射于目标面1351的入射角(入射光线与目标面在入射点法线的夹角),大于子光束1325w入射于目标面1351的入射角。假设凹面反射镜阵列中,单位面积的平面反射镜个数(即平面反射镜的密度)是均匀,那么由于投射角度的影响,子光束1325u在目标面1351形成的光点到相邻子光束在目标面1351形成的光点的距离,就必然大于子光束1325w在目标面1351形成的光点到相邻子光束在目标面1351形成的光点的距离。这样在目标面1351上形成的光点阵列就是不均匀的:子光束1325u入射的区域1352u的光点密度小于子光束1325w入射的区域1352w的光点密度。
然而,均匀的光点密度可以实现更好的视觉效果。为了实现更加均匀的光点密度,在本实施例中,考虑到凹面反射镜阵列上的区域1314u反射形成子光束1325u,区域1314w反射形成子光束1325w,那么使区域1314u上单位面积平面反射镜的数量(平面反射镜的密度)大于区域1314w的单位面积平面反射镜的数量,就可以至少部分的补偿投射角度带来的相邻光点之间的距离差异。对于子光束1325v和子光束1325w,两者入射于目标面1351的入射角相近,因此可以设置其对应的区域1314v和1314w上平面反射镜的密度相近。
概括来说,凹面反射镜阵列上包括密集区和稀疏区,密集区的单位面积平面反射镜的数量大于稀疏区的单位面积平面反射镜的数量,且密集区内的平面反射镜上出射的子光束入射于目标面的平均入射角大于稀疏区内的平面反射镜上出射的子光束入射于目标面的平均入射角。这样密集区依靠更高的平面反射镜密度,来补偿其反射的子光束在目标面上入射角较大带来的光点距离拉大的影响,使得密集区和稀疏区在目标面上形成的相邻光点距离更接近。在本实施例中,凹面反射镜阵列上区域1314u就是密集区,区域1314u就是稀疏区。在本实施例中,密集区位于凹面上靠近光出射方向的一端,稀疏区位于凹面上远离光出射方向的一端。可以理解,凹面反射镜阵列上可以存在多对密集区和稀疏区。
在本实施例中,采凹面反射镜阵列进行举例。而显然密集区和稀疏区的设置同样可以适用于凸面反射镜阵列(参见图11所示的实施例)以及其他类型的曲面反射镜阵列,其作用方式和规律与曲面的具体形式没有关系。
显然在此实施例中,发光装置不一定要采用图1所示的光源和光准直元件的结构,只要发光装置能够发射准直光束,就可以实现本实施例的有益效果。
除了上述实施例中所描述的曲面反射镜阵列之外,在发光装置(包括光源和光准直元件)的光路后端还可以包括反射板和马达,马达驱动反射板转动或周期性运动,其结构示意图如图14所示。反射板1414将发光装置发出的准直光反射出去,马达驱动反射板转动,就可以控制反射光斑的扫描,形成运动光斑的视觉效果。而马达也可以驱动反射板做其它周期性运动,以形成其它的光斑运动方式。
如图15所示的实施例的灯具中,在发射准直光束的发光装置的光路后端包括微镜阵列1514,微镜阵列1514包括多个微镜1514a、1514b等,发光装置发出的光束入射于微镜阵列后反射形成多个子光束。微镜阵列中的微镜1514a和1514b可以被独立控制的进行翻转,这对应于多个子光束的传播方向可以被独立的控制,在目标面(图中未画出)上所形成的光点阵列中的每个点都可以独立的被控制移动,形成独特的视觉效果。进一步的,本实施例中的灯具还包括马达1519,用于驱动微镜阵列转动或周期性运动。这样在目标面上所形成的光点阵列就可以整体的转动或周期性的运动,与每个光点的独立控制运动可以同时进行,形成独特的视觉效果。显然在此实施例中,发光装置不一定要采用图1所示的光源和光准直元件的结构,只要发光装置能够发射准直光束,就可以实现本实施例的有益效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种灯具,其特征在于,包括:光源,包括激光二极管和荧光片,激光二极管发出的激光聚焦于荧光片并激发荧光片发出荧光;所述荧光片包括透明导热衬底和依附于该衬底表面的荧光涂层,所述激光二极管发出的激光穿过该透明导热衬底后聚焦于荧光涂层;透明导热衬底表面上镀有透射激光并至少部分反射荧光的光学薄膜,所述荧光涂层被激光聚焦入射的光斑位置称为激发区,激发区以外的区域称为非激发区;还包括位于荧光片光路后端紧贴荧光片放置的光阑片,光阑片包括紧密相邻的透光区和遮光区,透光区对准激光聚焦于荧光片的激发区,且透光区的边缘上至少存在一个点到激发区中心的距离小于特征距离,特征距离L等于L=2dtgθ,其中θ=arcsin(1/n),d和n分别是透明导热衬底的厚度和折射率;光准直元件,用于接收从光阑片出射的光并将其准直出射。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灯具,其特征在于,还包括位于光准直元件光路后端的弧面反射镜阵列,包括多个平面反射镜,该多个平面反射镜沿弧面排列成阵列。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灯具,其特征在于,光准直元件是一片透镜,光源发出的部分光入射于该透镜并经过其折射后准直出射;或者光准直元件是一片弧形反射板,该反射板的反射面在两个相互正交的维度上分别呈圆形的一段和抛物线的一段,且该圆形以光源的发光点为圆心,该抛物线以光源的发光点为焦点。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灯具,其特征在于,所述遮光区由在透明材质上的遮光镀膜形成,该镀膜吸收或反射入射光。
- 根据权利要求4所述的灯具,其特征在于,所述光阑片镀有遮光镀膜的一面紧贴荧光片。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灯具,其特征在于,透光区的边缘上所有的点到荧光涂层激发区中心的距离都小于特征距离。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灯具,其特征在于,所述光准直元件的有效口径相对光源发光点的张角为A;所述光阑片镀有滤光膜,该滤光膜用于透射发光半角小于等于A/2的荧光并至少部分反射发光半角大于A/2的荧光。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灯具,其特征在于,所述透光区形状为圆形、五角星形、十字星、心形、三角形、正方形、正六边形或椭圆形。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灯具,其特征在于,还包括马达,用于驱动弧面反射镜阵列转动或周期性运动。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的灯具,其特征在于,所述透光区小于荧光涂层的激发区。
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CN106773484A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 广东威创视讯科技股份有限公司 | 一种能快速调节和对准dmd光斑的投影机 |
CN107166179A (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-15 | 杨毅 | 灯具 |
CN207145988U (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-03-27 | 杨毅 | 灯具 |
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CN112503416A (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-16 | 杨毅 | 一种消色差的准直发光装置及一种灯具 |
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US20200208787A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
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