WO2018228074A1 - 铜熔炼渣综合回收方法及装置 - Google Patents

铜熔炼渣综合回收方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018228074A1
WO2018228074A1 PCT/CN2018/085310 CN2018085310W WO2018228074A1 WO 2018228074 A1 WO2018228074 A1 WO 2018228074A1 CN 2018085310 W CN2018085310 W CN 2018085310W WO 2018228074 A1 WO2018228074 A1 WO 2018228074A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
copper
chamber
slag
reducing
reduction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/085310
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李东波
陆志方
李兵
梁帅表
尉克俭
刘诚
黎敏
茹洪顺
蒋继穆
曹珂菲
张海鑫
颜杰
李锋
陆金忠
周钢
刘恺
Original Assignee
中国恩菲工程技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710449064.3A external-priority patent/CN107227410A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710449049.9A external-priority patent/CN107326195A/zh
Application filed by 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司
Priority to PE2019002546A priority Critical patent/PE20200197A1/es
Priority to RU2020100799A priority patent/RU2741038C1/ru
Publication of WO2018228074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018228074A1/zh
Priority to ZA2020/00143A priority patent/ZA202000143B/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/16—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/04—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F27B7/04—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with longitudinal divisions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of copper smelting, and in particular to a method and a device for comprehensively recovering copper smelting slag.
  • the copper smelting slag is treated by slow slag, crushing, grinding, thickening and flotation slag beneficiation process, and the slag concentrate produced is returned to the smelting system, and the slag tailings are discarded or sold as building materials.
  • the process is tedious and covers a large area. What is more important is that valuable metals such as zinc, lead and antimony in the slag enter the slag tailings and are not recycled, resulting in huge waste of valuable resources;
  • the added ore dressing agents, as well as the various heavy metals present in the slag, can also cause potential environmental pollution hazards.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a method and a device for comprehensively recovering copper smelting slag, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the process of recovering copper smelting slag is complicated, the heavy metal cannot be effectively recovered, and the environmental pollution is serious.
  • a copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery method which uses a CR furnace to reduce smelting and sedimentation of a smelting slag to comprehensively recover valuable metals in the smelting slag, and to create The slag;
  • the valuable metal includes one or more of lead, zinc and antimony;
  • the CR furnace comprises a cavity, the cavity comprises a reducing smog chamber and a settling chamber; and the step of recovering the valuable metal in the smelting slag
  • the method comprises: reducing and smelting the smelting slag in the reducing smoulding chamber to obtain valuable metal soot and reducing slag; and, performing the sedimentation treatment of the reducing slag in the sedimentation chamber to obtain the copper ruthenium and the harmless slag; or
  • the smelting slag is subjected to sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation chamber to obtain copper ruthenium and sedimentation s
  • a partition wall is further disposed in the cavity to divide the cavity into a reduction smoulding cavity and a sedimentation cavity, and the smog reduction and reduction smog cavity and the sedimentation cavity are respectively located on two sides of the partition wall in a horizontal direction, and the reduction is smoked.
  • the communication passage between the chamber and the settling chamber is disposed near the bottom of the chamber.
  • the step of reducing the fuming treatment comprises: adding a reducing agent to the reducing fuming chamber for reductive fuming treatment; preferably, the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas, iron powder and solid carbon-based reducing agent.
  • the solid carbon-based reducing agent is selected from one or more of lump coal, pulverized coal, and coke.
  • the reducing agent is blasted into the reducing smoulding chamber by the side blasting gun.
  • the reducing flue gas chamber is further provided with a smoke outlet
  • the step of reducing the flue gas treatment further comprises: introducing a secondary air at the upper portion of the reduction flue gas chamber or at the flue gas outlet.
  • the reaction temperature is 1200 to 1400 °C.
  • the collector is added to the reduction flue gasification chamber while the reduction flue gas treatment treatment is performed; when the reduction flue gasification treatment step is located after the sedimentation treatment step, the sedimentation is performed At the same time as the treatment, a second vulcanizing agent and/or copper concentrate is added to the settling chamber.
  • the collector is selected from the group consisting of a first vulcanizing agent and/or a copper concentrate, preferably the first vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrite and/or pyrite; preferably the second vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrite and pyrite. And one or more of lead slag copper scum.
  • the step of the sedimentation treatment further comprises: injecting an inert gas and/or a sulfur dioxide gas into the settling chamber.
  • the sedimentation chamber is insulated while the sedimentation treatment is being performed.
  • a copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery apparatus comprising a CR furnace provided with a smelting slag inlet, and a CR furnace for reducing smelting and sedimentation of the smelting slag to recover the smelting slag
  • the CR furnace comprises a cavity, the cavity comprises a reducing smog chamber and a settling chamber connected, wherein the reducing smoulding chamber is used for reducing and smelting the smelting slag, the settling chamber It is used for sedimentation treatment of the reducing slag produced after the reduction smoulding treatment; or, the sedimentation chamber is used for sedimentation treatment of the smelting slag, and the reducing smoulding chamber is used for reducing and smoulding the slag generated after the sedimentation treatment.
  • a partition wall is further disposed in the cavity to divide the cavity into a reducing tobacco chamber and a sedimentation chamber, and the reducing tobacco chamber and the sedimentation chamber are respectively located on two sides of the partition wall in a horizontal direction, and the reducing tobacco chamber and the reducing chamber
  • the communication passage of the settling chamber is disposed near the bottom of the chamber.
  • the reduction smoulding chamber is further provided with: a spray gun disposed at a side of the reduction smoulding chamber for adding a reducing agent to the reduction smoulding chamber; and a feeding port disposed at the top of the reduction smoulding chamber for A collector is added to the reducing tobacco chamber.
  • the settling chamber is further provided with a heating device for holding or warming the sedimentation chamber.
  • the heating device is an immersion combustion nozzle or an electrode.
  • the reducing flue gas chamber is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the settling chamber is provided with a copper crucible outlet and a harmless slag discharge port; or, the settling chamber is provided with a copper crucible outlet, and the reducing flue gas chamber is provided with a flue gas outlet And harmless slag discharge.
  • the copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery device further includes: an inert gas supply device for bubbling an inert gas into the settling chamber.
  • the copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery device further includes: a sulfur dioxide gas supply device for blowing sulfur dioxide gas into the settling chamber.
  • the copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery method provided by the invention adopts a CR furnace to reduce and smelt and smelt the smelting slag to comprehensively recover valuable metals in the smelting slag and to make harmless slag; the valuable metals include lead, zinc and antimony.
  • the CR furnace includes a cavity, the cavity includes a reducing reduction chamber and a settling chamber; and the step of recovering the valuable metal in the smelting slag comprises: performing the smelting slag in the reducing smoulding chamber Reducting the fuming treatment to obtain valuable metal soot and reducing slag; and, the reducing slag is subjected to sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation chamber to obtain copper ruthenium and harmless slag; or, the smelting slag is subjected to sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation chamber to obtain copper ⁇ and sedimentation slag; and, the sedimentation slag is subjected to reduction and fuming treatment in the reduction smoulding chamber to obtain valuable metal soot and harmless slag.
  • the copper smelting slag is subjected to reduction smouldering and sedimentation treatment by an integrated device such as a CR furnace, which can effectively recover valuable metals such as metal zinc, lead, bismuth, and the like in the smelting slag.
  • an integrated device such as a CR furnace
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a CR furnace in a copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a short-flow copper smelting system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a short-flow copper smelting system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of a short-flow copper smelting system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a short-flow copper smelting system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present invention provides a copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery method, which uses a CR furnace to reduce smelting smelting and sedimentation to comprehensively recover valuable metals in the smelting slag, and to make harmless slag;
  • the metal includes one or more of lead, zinc and antimony;
  • the CR furnace comprises a cavity, the cavity comprises a reducing reduction chamber and a settling chamber connected;
  • the step of recovering the valuable metal in the molten residue comprises: melting the slag Reducting and smoulding treatment in the reducing smoulding chamber to obtain valuable metal soot and reducing slag; and, the reducing slag is subjected to sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation chamber to obtain copper ruthenium and harmless slag; or, the smelting slag is in the sedimentation chamber
  • the sedimentation treatment is carried out to obtain copper ruthenium and sedimentation slag; and the sedimentation slag is subjected to reduction and s
  • the copper smelting slag is subjected to reduction smouldering and sedimentation treatment by an integrated device such as a CR furnace, which can effectively recover valuable metals such as metal zinc, lead, bismuth, and the like in the smelting slag.
  • an integrated device such as a CR furnace
  • the above CR furnace is an integrated recovery furnace, which simultaneously includes a reduction smoulding chamber and a settling chamber.
  • the smelting slag is successively subjected to reduction smoulding treatment and sedimentation treatment.
  • the magnetic iron (ferric oxide) in the smelting slag can be reduced to ferrous oxide for slag formation, which can reduce the viscosity of the smelting slag, thereby improving the subsequent sedimentation separation effect and facilitating
  • the second copper ruthenium is separated from the reducing slag.
  • the valuable metal oxides such as zinc, lead and antimony are reduced to metal, they are separated into valuable metal fumes due to their volatility, thereby achieving the purpose of recovering valuable metals.
  • the reduced slag flowing dynamics
  • the reduced slag after the reduction smoulding treatment directly enters the sedimentation separation, on the one hand, the treatment efficiency can be greatly improved; on the other hand, since the reducing slag directly enters the sedimentation treatment, a more stable flow state can be maintained, and in the process There are only slight temperature changes or even no temperature changes. The two reasons make it have better sedimentation effect, which can further improve the recovery rate of the second copper matte.
  • the sedimentation treatment is set before the step of reducing the fuming treatment.
  • the copper ruthenium in the smelting slag can be separated first, and then subjected to reduction and smouldering treatment to further recover valuable metals such as zinc, lead, and antimony.
  • the present invention more preferably adopts a method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment, compared to the manner of reducing the fuming treatment after the sedimentation.
  • the advantage is that the higher the sedimentation separation temperature, the better the separation effect.
  • the temperature required for the reduction of flue gas is very high (1200 to 1400 ° C). Therefore, the temperature of the material after the first reduction of flue gas is high, and separation can be achieved in the sedimentation stage without additional heating.
  • this method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment can also replenish the sedimentation treatment.
  • the specific heating method can be as follows: the electrode can be heated or insulated in the settling section (for example, 3 to 6 electrodes can be set), and/or the submerged combustion nozzle can be provided (the submerged combustion nozzle ejects fuel and oxygen, and the amount of oxygen Control is in the state of incomplete combustion of the fuel).
  • the method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment has the following advantages: after the reducing slag stays in the settling chamber for a certain period of time, the sedimentation stratification of the dross can be more fully realized, the harmless slag is discharged from the upper part, and the second copper slag is discharged from the lower part. release.
  • the smelting slag may be successively subjected to a plurality of reduction smouldering and sedimentation steps, or the smelting slag may be divided into a plurality of parts for performing a reductive smouldering and sedimentation step.
  • a partition wall is further disposed in the cavity to divide the cavity into a reduction smoulding chamber and a sedimentation chamber, and the smog reduction and smog chamber and the sedimentation chamber are respectively located in the horizontal direction of the partition wall.
  • Side, and the communication channel connecting the reducing chamber and the settling chamber is disposed near the bottom of the chamber.
  • the step of reducing the fuming treatment comprises: adding a reducing agent to the reducing flue gas chamber for reductive fuming treatment; preferably, the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, gas, liquefied petroleum gas, iron powder and solids.
  • the carbon-based reducing agents more preferably the solid carbon-based reducing agent is selected from one or more of lump coal, pulverized coal, and coke. The reagent is selected for reduction and fuming treatment, and the recovery of valuable metals is more thorough.
  • the oxidant is injected into the reduction smoulding chamber to provide heat by combustion, and the oxidant may also react with the reducing agent to form a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide, and reduce the effect together with the added reducing agent.
  • a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide
  • the side of the reduction smoulding chamber is provided with a side blasting gun, and in the step of reducing the smoulding treatment, the reducing agent is blasted into the reducing smoulding chamber by a side blasting lance.
  • the reducing smoulding chamber is further provided with a venting port, and the step of reducing the smoulding treatment further comprises: introducing a secondary air at the upper portion of the reducing smoulding chamber or at the venting port. In this way, the valuable metal flue gas can be oxidized to a valuable metal oxide, and then the flue gas can be recovered.
  • the reaction temperature is 1200 to 1400 °C. More preferably, when the reduction flue gasification treatment step is located before the sedimentation treatment step, a collector is added to the reduction flue gas chamber while the reduction flue gas treatment is performed; preferably, the trap agent is selected from the first vulcanizing agent and/or copper Concentrate, more preferably the first vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrite and/or pyrite.
  • a second vulcanizing agent and/or copper concentrate is added to the sedimentation chamber while the sedimentation treatment is performed, and preferably the second vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrite, pyrite and One or more of lead slag copper scum.
  • a vulcanizing agent and/or a copper concentrate facilitates the reduction of the copper bismuth grade in the smelting slag and converts it into a low-grade copper ruthenium, which can reduce the copper content in the harmless slag and further increase the copper recovery rate.
  • a slag such as lead slag copper scum as a vulcanizing agent, wherein the lead is also It can be volatilized and recovered together with the lead in the sedimentation slag in the reduction fuming step, so that the refractory materials generated in some production processes can be fully utilized to realize comprehensive utilization of resources without adding additional equipment investment and process links.
  • the step of the sedimentation treatment further comprises: injecting an inert gas and/or a sulfur dioxide gas into the settling chamber. This creates a weak agitation which facilitates the separation of copper and slag. More preferably, the sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled in, which acts as a partial vulcanizing agent in addition to the agitation action, and is more advantageous for producing a low-grade copper beryllium in the sedimentation stage.
  • the settling chamber is insulated while the settling process is being performed.
  • a copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery apparatus comprising a CR furnace 30 provided with a smelting slag inlet for reducing smelting and sedimentation of the smelting slag Recovering valuable metals in the smelting slag and making harmless slag; as shown in FIG.
  • the CR furnace 30 includes a cavity including a reducing smog chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32, wherein the reducing smog chamber 31 is used for reducing and smelting the smelting slag, and the sedimentation chamber 32 is used for sedimentation treatment of the reducing slag generated after the reduction smoulding treatment; or, the sedimentation chamber 32 is used for sedimentation treatment of the smelting slag, and reducing the smoulding chamber 31 It is used for reducing and smoulding the sedimentation slag generated after the sedimentation treatment.
  • the above device comprises an integrated device of the CR furnace 30, which comprises a reducing flue gas chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32 which are connected to each other, and the copper smelting slag can be reduced and smelted and settled in the same equipment, which can effectively recover the smelting Valuable metals in slag, such as metal zinc, lead, antimony, etc., effectively solve the problem of waste of valuable metals in the existing copper smelting process, and avoid the pollution of these metals to the environment, completed in one go. Comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in the smelting slag and direct production of harmless slag by the CR furnace.
  • the reduction smelting and sedimentation of the smelting slag by the device replaces the traditional slag beneficiation process, which not only greatly reduces the factory footprint, but also makes the process simpler and fundamentally eliminates the slag beneficiation process. Contamination caused by the beneficiation agent.
  • the device has a good industrialized large-scale application prospect.
  • the above-mentioned CR furnace 30 can perform the reduction smelting treatment on the smelting slag first, and then settle the treatment.
  • the magnetic iron (ferric oxide) in the smelting slag can be reduced to ferrous oxide for slag formation, which can reduce the viscosity of the smelting slag and thereby improve the subsequent sedimentation separation effect.
  • the valuable metal oxides such as zinc, lead and antimony are reduced to metal, they are separated into valuable metal fumes due to their volatility, thereby achieving the purpose of recovering valuable metals.
  • the obtained reducing slag flowing dynamics
  • the smelting slag after reduction and smoulding treatment directly enters the sedimentation separation, which can greatly improve the treatment efficiency; on the other hand, the reducing slag directly enters the sedimentation treatment, and can maintain a more stable flow state. In the process, there is only a slight temperature change or even no temperature change. The two reasons make it have better sedimentation effect, which can further improve the recovery rate of the second copper matte.
  • the smelting slag When the copper smelting slag first enters the settling chamber 32 and then enters the reducing smoulding chamber 31, the smelting slag can be first settled and then subjected to reduction and smoulding treatment. In this way, the copper ruthenium in the smelting slag can be separated first, and then the reduction smoulding treatment stage can be carried out to further recover valuable metals such as zinc therein. It should be noted that the present invention more preferably adopts a method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment, compared to the manner of reducing the fuming treatment after the sedimentation.
  • the advantage is that the higher the sedimentation separation temperature, the better the separation effect.
  • the temperature required for the reduction of flue gas is very high (1200 to 1400 ° C). Therefore, the temperature of the material after the first reduction of flue gas is high, and separation can be achieved in the sedimentation stage without additional heating.
  • this method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment can also replenish the sedimentation treatment.
  • the method of reducing the flue gas after sedimentation and separation is inevitably required to replenish heat during the sedimentation process.
  • the specific heating method can be as follows: the electrode can be heated or insulated in the settling section (for example, 3 to 6 electrodes can be set), and/or the submerged combustion nozzle can be provided (the submerged combustion nozzle ejects fuel and oxygen, and the amount of oxygen Control is in the state of incomplete combustion of the fuel).
  • the method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment has the following advantages: after the reducing slag stays in the settling chamber for a certain period of time, the sedimentation stratification of the dregs can be more fully realized, the harmless slag is released from the upper part, and the copper plaque is discharged from the lower part.
  • a partition wall 33 is further disposed in the cavity to divide the cavity into a reduction smog chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32, and the reduction smoulding chamber 31 and the settling chamber 32 are respectively located in the horizontal direction. Both sides of the wall 33, and the communication passages of the reduction smoky chamber 31 and the settling chamber 32 are disposed near the bottom of the chamber.
  • a fluid melt which reacts in the reduction smoulding chamber 31 and a melt which is subjected to sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation chamber can achieve a smoother flow, and the partition wall can block the reduction smog chamber.
  • the agitation and the floating material on the surface further enhance the effect of the sedimentation treatment.
  • the partition wall 33 is a water-cooled partition wall.
  • the reduction smoulding chamber 31 is further provided with: a spray gun and a feeding port, the spray gun is disposed at a side of the reduction smoulding chamber 31 for adding a reducing agent to the reduction smoulding chamber 31; It is disposed at the top of the reduction smoulding chamber 31 for adding a collector to the reduction smoulding chamber 31.
  • a feeding method can further improve the effect of reducing the fuming treatment of the smelting slag.
  • the settling chamber 32 is also provided with a heating device for holding or warming the settling chamber 32.
  • the heating device is an immersion combustion nozzle or electrode (specifically as described above).
  • the reduction flue gas chamber 31 is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the settling chamber 32 is provided with a copper crucible outlet and a harmless slag discharge outlet; or, the settling chamber 32 is provided with a copper crucible outlet, and is reduced.
  • the flue gas chamber 31 is provided with a flue gas outlet and a harmless slag discharge port.
  • the reducing smoulding chamber 31 is provided with flue gas.
  • the outlet chamber 32 is provided with a copper raft outlet and a harmless slag discharge port; when the sedimentation chamber 32 is used for sedimentation treatment of the smelting slag, the reduction smoulding chamber 31 is used for reducing and smouldering the sediment slag generated after the settlement treatment During the treatment, the settling chamber 32 is provided with a copper sputum outlet, and the reducing smoulding chamber 31 is provided with a flue gas outlet and a harmless slag discharge port.
  • the copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery device further includes: an inert gas supply device for bubbling an inert gas into the settling chamber 32. More preferably, the copper smelting slag comprehensive recovery device further includes: a sulfur dioxide gas supply device for blowing sulfur dioxide gas into the settling chamber 32. This results in a weak agitation of the melt during the settling process, which facilitates the separation of copper and slag. More preferably, the sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled in, which acts as a partial vulcanizing agent in addition to the agitation action, and is more advantageous for producing a low-grade copper beryllium in the sedimentation stage.
  • the above apparatus further comprises a blower for introducing a secondary air to the flue gas outlet or the reduction flue gas chamber, so that the valuable metal flue gas can be oxidized to a valuable metal oxide, and then the flue gas recovery.
  • a blower for introducing a secondary air to the flue gas outlet or the reduction flue gas chamber, so that the valuable metal flue gas can be oxidized to a valuable metal oxide, and then the flue gas recovery.
  • the present application proposes a short-process copper smelting method, which comprises a smelting furnace, a copper-making furnace, a CR furnace, a first flow tank and a second flow tank; the smelting furnace is provided with a copper sputum outlet And the smelting slag outlet; the copper making furnace is provided with a copper crucible inlet, the copper crucible inlet is connected to the copper crucible outlet through the first laundering tank; the CR furnace is provided with a molten slag inlet, and the molten slag inlet is connected to the melting slag outlet through the second laundering;
  • the process copper smelting method comprises the steps of: smelting a copper concentrate in a smelting furnace to obtain a first copper slag and a smelting slag; and performing a copper-making reaction on the first copper bismuth in a copper-making furnace to generate an anode copper and a copper slag And
  • noise slag means: slag that does not cause heavy metal contamination.
  • the CR furnace is called a fully recycled furnace.
  • the copper smelting method of the present invention adopts a copper-plating device with a pick-up type, and the copper bismuth end of the smelting furnace is directly connected to the copper-making furnace through the launder, and the smelting furnace is discharged.
  • the slag end is directly connected to the CR furnace through the launder, which realizes short-process copper smelting.
  • the step of smelting the copper concentrate in the smelting furnace comprises: mixing the copper concentrate with the first flux to obtain a mixture; and feeding the mixture into the smelting furnace at the first oxidizing agent Melting is carried out under the action to obtain a first copper crucible and a smelting slag.
  • the bottom blowing smelting method or the side blowing smelting method is employed in the smelting process. The use of the bottom blowing smelting method or the side blowing smelting method can further improve the copper enamel grade.
  • the first flux is selected from quartz stone and/or limestone; the first oxidant is selected from one or more of oxygen, compressed air, and oxygen-enriched air.
  • oxygen-enriched air refers to a gas having a concentration of oxygen greater than the concentration of oxygen in the air, such as may be obtained by incorporating oxygen into the air.
  • the amount of first oxidant injected per ton of copper concentrate to correspond to 120Nm3 more O 2 content of the copper matte is first It is 70% by weight or more.
  • the injection amount of the first oxidant is controlled to correspond to 120 Nm 3 or more of O 2 per ton of copper concentrate, so that the copper content of the first copper ruthenium is 70% by weight or more, thereby avoiding the copper content of the first copper ruthenium being too low.
  • the problem of a large amount of copper slag is to prevent the problem of low copper yield due to it.
  • the first oxidizing agent is injected in an amount of 120 to 200 Nm 3 O 2 per ton of copper concentrate so that the copper content of the first copper cerium is 70 to 78 wt %, which can further avoid the copper content of the first copper bismuth being too high.
  • the smelting slag copper contains an excessively high problem and prevents the problem of low copper yield.
  • elements such as lead, zinc and bismuth enter the smelting slag in the form of oxides, which facilitates subsequent recovery of these elements from the CR furnace. If the copper bismuth contains low copper, such as 40-50%, some of these elements will remain in the copper bismuth, which is not conducive to subsequent recovery from the CR furnace.
  • the cooled copper-making slag is put into a melting furnace and smelted together with the copper concentrate.
  • the melting temperature in the smelting process is 1150 to 1300 ° C
  • the first flux is added in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the copper ore.
  • the step of performing a copper-making reaction on the first copper crucible in the copper-making furnace further comprises: simultaneously adding cold material to the copper-making furnace, and/or spraying water mist into the copper-making furnace, And/or providing a cooling element outside the furnace body of the coppermaking furnace; wherein the cold material comprises one or more of waste copper, electrolytic residual copper and solid copper.
  • CN103382528 proposes a two-step copper smelting process, which first melts copper concentrate into 65-78% copper-copper in a smelting furnace, and then directly produces an anode by oxidation-reduction reaction in a converting furnace. copper.
  • This method mainly has the problem of heat balance and the flue gas problem brought about by it: the redox reaction in the blowing furnace emits a large amount of heat, which must be carried away in some way to maintain the heat balance; the process regulates oxygen, air, The amount of nitrogen, the heat of reaction is carried away by the gas, so the total amount of gas injected must be more, and the relative oxygen concentration is necessarily lower, which makes the amount of flue gas large, and the sulfur dioxide content in the flue gas is very low. Therefore, the subsequent flue gas treatment system and the acid production system are large in scale, large in investment, and high in operating cost.
  • the patent does not indicate how to achieve a copper-copper grade of 65 to 78% in the melting furnace.
  • the present invention adopts the method of adding cold material to the copper making furnace, and/or spraying water mist into the copper making furnace, and/or cooling outside the furnace body of the copper making furnace.
  • the thermal balance of the components are as follows:
  • the added cold material may be one or more of waste copper, electrolytic residual copper, and solid copper.
  • waste copper electrolytic residual copper
  • solid copper waste copper, electrolytic residual copper, and solid copper.
  • copper smelting plants use separate metallurgical furnaces to melt and refine secondary copper materials such as waste copper and electrolytic residual copper. This requires not only additional fuel to heat the cold material, but more importantly, the purchase of separate equipment. The construction of separate workshops and the configuration of individual workers has greatly increased the operating costs of the plant.
  • a water jacket which is also for heat dissipation to achieve heat balance of the furnace body.
  • the injection of water mist has the following advantages: 1) Control the furnace temperature more effectively. Since the gasification of water can absorb a large amount of heat, a small change in the amount of water injected can cause a large change in heat, so that the furnace temperature can be controlled more accurately and effectively; 2) the life of the spray gun is extended.
  • the gas injected into the spray gun is less than the low oxygen enrichment concentration, the working strength of the spray gun is low, and the cooling effect of the water can also extend the life of the spray gun itself; 3) 40% rich
  • the oxygen concentration can be nearly 1 times higher than the low oxygen rich concentration (21% to 25%).
  • the high oxygen enrichment concentration (for example, 40%) can handle nearly twice as much material; 4) low energy consumption and low power consumption.
  • the power of the water spray device is much smaller than the size of the device that is blasted into the air.
  • the copper-making furnace of the present invention can be carried out under conditions of high oxygen-rich concentration blowing.
  • the first copper crucible is oxidized by injecting oxygen-enriched air into the copper-making furnace to perform a copper-making reaction, and the volume of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air The percentage is 30 to 80%.
  • the oxygen concentration of the converting furnace is 9 to 60%, since it relies on the gas to carry away heat, the actual oxygen concentration can only be maintained below 25%, and the high oxygen-rich concentration cannot be truly achieved.
  • the above-mentioned heat balance means can fully achieve an oxygen-enriched air concentration of 30 to 80%.
  • the metal copper and the copper-making slag are obtained; when the metal copper in the copper-making furnace contains less than 0.2% by weight of oxygen, The copper slag is discharged from the coppermaking furnace to obtain anode copper; when the oxygen in the metal copper in the coppermaking furnace is higher than 0.2 wt%, the copper slag is discharged into the coppermaking furnace, and the reducing agent is introduced into the coppermaking furnace.
  • the copper oxide impurities in the metallic copper are subjected to a reduction reaction to obtain an anode copper.
  • the purpose of the copper-making reaction is to remove the sulfur element and other impurities in the first copper crucible to obtain a qualified anode copper.
  • the impurity removal process mainly uses an oxidation reaction to oxidize impurities in copper to remove slag.
  • the metal copper in the coppermaking furnace contains less than 0.2% by weight of oxygen, on the one hand, it is indicated that the impurities are more sufficiently oxidized and enter the copper slag, and on the other hand, the copper is substantially not subjected to peroxidation.
  • the process of the copper-making reaction in the process of the copper-making reaction, the process of oxidizing only does not reduce, and the anode copper can be directly obtained.
  • the oxygen contained in the metallic copper in the copper-making furnace is higher than 0.2% by weight, it is indicated that part of the copper is oxidized while removing impurities.
  • a reducing agent may be further added to carry out a reduction reaction of these copper oxide impurities.
  • the reduction reaction is carried out after the copper-making slag is discharged from the copper-making furnace, and it is also possible to prevent the impurities previously oxidized and slag from being dissolved back into the metallic copper, thereby further ensuring the grade of the anode copper.
  • the second flux is added from the top of the copper making furnace; meanwhile, the bottom blowing method is used in the copper making furnace.
  • the oxygen-enriched air is sprayed for oxidation treatment, or alternatively, the first reducing agent is sprayed for reduction.
  • the second flux is selected from the group consisting of quartz stone and/or limestone.
  • the first reducing agent is selected from one or more of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and solid carbon-based reducing agent.
  • the solid carbon-based reducing agent is a pulverized coal and/or a solid carbonaceous reducing agent.
  • the function of the above CR furnace is to recover valuable metals in the smelting slag by reducing fuming and sedimentation, and to make harmless slag.
  • the CR furnace includes a cavity including a reducing reduction chamber and a settling chamber; and the step of recovering the valuable metal in the smelting slag includes: smelting the slag in the reducing smoulding chamber Performing reduction and smoulding treatment to obtain valuable metal flue gas and reducing slag, and sedimenting the reducing slag in the sedimentation chamber to obtain second copper ruthenium and harmless slag; or sedimenting the smelting slag in the sedimentation chamber, The second copper ruthenium and the sedimentation slag are obtained, and the sedimentation slag is subjected to reduction and smoulding treatment in the reduction smoulding cavity to obtain a valuable metal smog and a harmless slag.
  • the above CR furnace is an integrated recovery furnace, which simultaneously includes a reduction smoulding chamber and a settling chamber.
  • the smelting slag is successively subjected to reduction smoulding treatment and sedimentation treatment.
  • the magnetic iron (ferric oxide) in the smelting slag can be reduced to ferrous oxide for slag formation, which can reduce the viscosity of the smelting slag, thereby improving the subsequent sedimentation separation effect and facilitating
  • the second copper ruthenium is separated from the reducing slag.
  • the valuable metal oxides such as zinc, lead and antimony are reduced to metal, they are separated into valuable metal fumes due to their volatility, thereby achieving the purpose of recovering valuable metals.
  • the reduced slag flowing dynamics
  • the reduced slag after the reduction smoulding treatment directly enters the sedimentation separation, on the one hand, the treatment efficiency can be greatly improved; on the other hand, since the reducing slag directly enters the sedimentation treatment, a more stable flow state can be maintained, and in the process There are only slight temperature changes or even no temperature changes. The two reasons make it have better sedimentation effect, which can further improve the recovery rate of the second copper matte.
  • the sedimentation treatment is set before the step of reducing the fuming treatment.
  • the copper ruthenium in the smelting slag can be separated first, and then subjected to reduction and smouldering treatment to further recover valuable metals such as zinc, lead, and antimony.
  • the present invention more preferably adopts a method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment, compared to the manner of reducing the fuming treatment after the sedimentation.
  • the advantage is that the higher the sedimentation separation temperature, the better the separation effect.
  • the temperature required for the reduction of flue gas is very high (1200 to 1400 ° C). Therefore, the temperature of the material after the first reduction of flue gas is high, and separation can be achieved in the sedimentation stage without additional heating.
  • this method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment can also replenish the sedimentation treatment.
  • the specific heating method can be as follows: the electrode can be heated or insulated in the settling section (for example, 3 to 6 electrodes can be set), and/or the submerged combustion nozzle can be provided (the submerged combustion nozzle ejects fuel and oxygen, and the amount of oxygen Control is in the state of incomplete combustion of the fuel).
  • the method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment has the following advantages: after the reducing slag stays in the settling chamber for a certain period of time, the sedimentation stratification of the dross can be more fully realized, the harmless slag is discharged from the upper part, and the second copper slag is discharged from the lower part. release.
  • the smelting slag may be successively subjected to a plurality of reduction smouldering and sedimentation steps, or the smelting slag may be divided into a plurality of parts for performing a reductive smouldering and sedimentation step.
  • a partition wall is further disposed in the cavity to divide the cavity into a reduction smoulding chamber and a sedimentation chamber, and the smog reduction and smog chamber and the sedimentation chamber are respectively located in the horizontal direction of the partition wall.
  • Side, and the communication channel connecting the reducing chamber and the settling chamber is disposed near the bottom of the chamber.
  • the step of reducing the fuming treatment comprises: adding a second reducing agent to the reducing nicotizing chamber for reductive fuming treatment; preferably, the second reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, gas, liquefied petroleum gas, One or more of the iron powder and the solid carbon-based reducing agent, more preferably the solid carbon-based reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of lump coal and/or pulverized coal.
  • the reagent is selected for reduction and fuming treatment, and the recovery of valuable metals is more thorough.
  • the oxidant is injected into the reduction smoulding chamber to provide heat by combustion, and the oxidant may also react with the reducing agent to form a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide, and reduce the effect together with the added reducing agent.
  • a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide
  • a side blowing lance is disposed in the reducing smoulding chamber, and in the step of reducing the smoulding treatment, the second reducing agent is blasted into the reducing smoulding chamber by a side blasting gun.
  • the reducing smoulding chamber is further provided with a venting port, and the step of reducing the smoulding treatment further comprises: introducing a secondary air at the upper portion of the reducing smoulding chamber or at the venting port. In this way, the valuable metal flue gas can be oxidized to a valuable metal oxide, and then the flue gas can be recovered.
  • the reaction temperature is 1200 to 1400 °C. More preferably, when the reduction flue gasification treatment step is located before the sedimentation treatment step, a collector is added to the reduction flue gas chamber while the reduction flue gas treatment is performed; preferably, the trap agent is selected from the first vulcanizing agent and/or copper Concentrate, more preferably the first vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrite and/or pyrite.
  • a second vulcanizing agent and/or copper concentrate is added to the sedimentation chamber while the sedimentation treatment is performed, and preferably the second vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrite, pyrite and One or more of lead slag copper scum.
  • a vulcanizing agent and/or a copper concentrate facilitates the reduction of the copper bismuth grade in the smelting slag to be converted into a low-grade copper ruthenium (second copper ruthenium), which can reduce the copper content in the harmless slag and further increase the copper content. Recovery rate.
  • a slag such as lead slag copper scum as a vulcanizing agent, wherein the lead is also It can be volatilized and recovered together with the lead in the sedimentation slag in the reduction fuming step, so that the refractory materials generated in some production processes can be fully utilized to realize comprehensive utilization of resources without adding additional equipment investment and process links.
  • the step of the sedimentation treatment further comprises: injecting an inert gas and/or a sulfur dioxide gas into the settling chamber. This creates a weak agitation which facilitates the separation of copper and slag. More preferably, the sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled in, which acts as a partial vulcanizing agent in addition to the agitation action, and is more advantageous for producing a low-grade copper beryllium in the sedimentation stage.
  • the copper smelting method further comprises the step of returning the second copper crucible to the melting furnace for melting. This can increase the utilization of copper.
  • the copper smelting method further comprises the step of returning the second copper crucible to the copper making furnace for copper making.
  • This can increase the utilization of copper. Since the second copper crucible is generally added in a cooled state (and a solid second copper crucible), it can also function as a heat balance.
  • the obtained copper is a copper melt; after the step of the copper-making reaction, the copper smelting method further comprises casting the copper melt.
  • the step of molding This allows the copper melt to be further cast into a product such as a copper anode plate.
  • the copper smelting system comprises a smelting furnace 10, a copper making furnace 20, and a CR furnace 30 (the CR furnace 30 is as shown in Fig. 1).
  • the melting furnace 10 is used for melting the copper concentrate to produce the first copper crucible and the molten slag; the melting furnace 10 is provided with the first copper crucible outlet and the smelting slag outlet;
  • the furnace 20 is provided with a copper crucible inlet, and the copper crucible inlet and the first copper crucible outlet are communicated through the first launder, and the copper making furnace 20 is used for copper-making reaction of the first copper crucible to generate anode copper and copper-making slag;
  • a smelting slag inlet is provided, which is in communication with the smelting slag outlet through the second launder for reducting fuming and sedimentation of the smelting slag to recover valuable metals in the smelting slag.
  • the copper ore can be smelted by the melting furnace 10 to obtain a first copper crucible and a smelting slag.
  • the smelting slag can be reduced and smelted and settled by the CR furnace 30, and the valuable metals in the smelting slag such as metal zinc, lead, bismuth, and the like can be recovered.
  • the valuable metals in the smelting slag such as metal zinc, lead, bismuth, and the like can be recovered.
  • the beneficiation process not only greatly reduces the factory floor space, but also makes the process more simple. It also fundamentally eliminates the pollution caused by the beneficiation agent added in the slag beneficiation process.
  • the CR furnace 30 communicates with the slag end of the melting furnace 10, and the copper making furnace 20 communicates with the copper rim end of the melting furnace 10.
  • the first copper crucible is subjected to a copper-making reaction to form a higher-grade anode copper, and on the other hand, the molten slag produced in the smelting process is obtained.
  • the recycling process that is, the use of a pick-up copper smelting device, greatly shortens the steps of copper smelting, and has a good industrialized large-scale application prospect.
  • the CR furnaces 30 are a plurality of units arranged in parallel or in series.
  • the plurality of CR furnaces 30 can produce the second copper crucible, the valuable metal, and the water-damaged harmless slag by continuous operation or alternate operation, thereby improving the processing efficiency.
  • the copper making furnace 20 is a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel. This also improves the capabilities of the device.
  • the copper making furnace 20 is two in parallel, and the CR furnace is one; or
  • the copper making furnace 20 is one, and the CR furnace is two in parallel; or
  • two copper-making furnaces 20 are arranged in parallel, and the CR furnaces are also two disposed in parallel.
  • the CR furnace 30 includes a cavity including a reduced reduction smoulding chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32, and the reducing smoulding chamber 31 is in communication with the smelting slag outlet for reducing the smelting slag.
  • the reducing smog chamber 31 is provided with a flue gas outlet
  • the settling chamber 32 is connected with the reducing smoating chamber 31 for sedimentation treatment of the reducing slag after the reduction and the smoulding treatment
  • the settling chamber 32 is provided with a first The second copper bismuth outlet and the slag discharge port (shown in FIG.
  • the CR furnace 30 includes a cavity including a reducing smog chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32, and the settling chamber 32 is connected to the smelting slag outlet. It is used for sedimentation treatment of the smelting slag, and the sedimentation chamber 32 is provided with a second copper sputum outlet, and the reduction smoulding chamber 31 is connected with the sedimentation chamber 32 for reducing and smoulding the sedimentation slag after the settlement treatment, and reducing the smoke
  • the chemistry chamber 31 is provided with a flue gas outlet and a slag discharge port.
  • the CR furnace 30 provided by the present invention is an integrated device, which includes a reducing flue gas chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32, and a connection relationship between the reduction flue gas chamber 31 and the sedimentation chamber 32, which can be determined to reduce the flue gas. , post-settling; or settle first, then reduce the fuming.
  • the smelting slag can be first subjected to reduction and smouldering treatment, and then subjected to sedimentation treatment.
  • the magnetic iron (ferric oxide) in the smelting slag can be reduced to ferrous oxide for slag formation, which can reduce the viscosity of the smelting slag and thereby improve the subsequent sedimentation separation effect. It is convenient to separate the second copper crucible from the reducing slag.
  • the valuable metal oxides such as zinc, lead and antimony are reduced to metal, they are separated into valuable metal fumes due to their volatility, thereby achieving the purpose of recovering valuable metals.
  • the obtained reducing slag flowing dynamics
  • the smelting slag after reduction and smoulding treatment directly enters the sedimentation separation, which can greatly improve the treatment efficiency; on the other hand, the reducing slag directly enters the sedimentation treatment, and can maintain a more stable flow state. In the process, there is only a slight temperature change or even no temperature change. The two reasons make it have better sedimentation effect, which can further improve the recovery rate of the second copper matte.
  • the smelting slag can be first subjected to sedimentation treatment and then subjected to reduction smoulding treatment.
  • the copper ruthenium in the smelting slag can be separated first, and then the reduction smoulding treatment stage can be further carried out to further recover valuable metals such as zinc, lead and bismuth therein.
  • the present invention more preferably adopts a method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment, compared to the manner of reducing the post-settling post-settling treatment.
  • the advantage is that the higher the sedimentation separation temperature, the better the separation effect.
  • the temperature required for the reduction of flue gas is very high (1200 to 1400 ° C). Therefore, the temperature of the material after the first reduction of flue gas is high, and separation can be achieved in the sedimentation stage without additional heating.
  • this method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment can also replenish the sedimentation treatment.
  • the method of reducing the flue gas after sedimentation and separation is inevitably required to replenish heat during the sedimentation process.
  • the specific heating method can be as follows: the electrode can be heated or insulated in the settling section (for example, 3 to 6 electrodes can be set), and/or the submerged combustion nozzle can be provided (the submerged combustion nozzle ejects fuel and oxygen, and the amount of oxygen Control is in the state of incomplete combustion of the fuel).
  • the method of first reducing the post-smoothing sedimentation treatment has the following advantages: after the reducing slag stays in the settling chamber for a certain period of time, the sedimentation stratification of the dross can be more fully realized, the harmless slag is discharged from the upper part, and the second copper slag is discharged from the lower part. release.
  • a partition wall 33 is further disposed in the cavity to divide the cavity into a reduction smoulding chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32, and a reduction smoulding chamber 31 and a settling chamber 32.
  • the two sides of the partition wall 33 are respectively located in the horizontal direction, and the communication passages of the reduction tobacco chamber 31 and the sedimentation chamber 32 are disposed near the bottom of the chamber.
  • a fluid melt which reacts in the reduction smoulding chamber 31 and a melt which is subjected to sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation chamber can achieve a smoother flow, and the partition wall can block the reduction smog chamber.
  • the agitation and the floating material on the surface further enhance the effect of the sedimentation treatment.
  • the partition wall 33 is a water-cooled partition wall.
  • the reduction smoulding chamber 31 is further provided with a side lance, which is disposed at the side or bottom of the reduction smoulding chamber 31 for injecting a reducing agent into the reduction smoulding chamber 31.
  • the reducing tobacco chamber is further provided with a smoke outlet for discharging valuable metal smoke.
  • the reduction smoulding chamber is further provided with a feed port for adding a collector to the reduction smoulding chamber 31.
  • the settling chamber 32 is also provided with a heating device for performing the settling chamber 32. Keep warm or warm. This can prevent the sedimentation chamber 32 from cooling down, further ensuring the sedimentation separation effect.
  • the heating device is an immersion combustion nozzle or electrode.
  • the copper making furnace 20 is further provided with a second spray gun and a flux inlet, and the second spray gun is disposed at the side or the bottom of the copper making furnace 20 for alternately adding oxidizing agent to the copper making furnace 20 or Reducing agent; the flux inlet is used to pass the flux.
  • the furnace body of the copper making furnace 20 is a horizontal cylindrical furnace body.
  • a plurality of copper-making furnaces 20 may be arranged in parallel to perform alternate operations or simultaneous operations.
  • an appropriate amount of water mist can be sprayed into the second spray gun to absorb excess heat generated during the copper making process, reduce the amount of smoke, and prolong the life of the spray gun.
  • the coppermaking furnace 20 is also provided with a copper melt outlet; the copper smelting system further includes a casting apparatus 40 in communication with the copper melt outlet for casting the copper melt.
  • the obtained anode copper is a copper melt.
  • the copper melt can be further cast by forming the casting apparatus 40 to form a product such as an anode copper plate. More preferably, the casting apparatus 40 is a double disc casting machine.
  • the copper making furnace 20 is further provided with a copper slag outlet for discharging copper slag; the smelting furnace 10 is further provided with a copper slag inlet for introducing the cooled copper slag.
  • the melting furnace 10 is further provided with a copper slag outlet for discharging copper slag; the smelting furnace 10 is further provided with a copper slag inlet for introducing the cooled copper slag.
  • the melting furnace 10 is further provided with a second copper crucible inlet for introducing the cooled second copper sulfur into the melting furnace 10. This can further improve the utilization of copper.
  • the copper making furnace 20 is further provided with a cold material inlet for adding one or more of electrolytic copper residual, waste copper and solid copper to the copper making furnace 20.
  • a cold material inlet for adding one or more of electrolytic copper residual, waste copper and solid copper to the copper making furnace 20.
  • the residual electrolytic copper residual in the later electrolysis process and the purchased waste copper and solid copper crucible can be passed into the copper making furnace as a cold material to better realize the heat balance in the copper making furnace. Injecting oxygen into the conditions creates conditions.
  • the copper making system further includes a cooling device for cooling the copper making furnace 20.
  • a cooling device for cooling the copper making furnace 20. This ensures that the copper-making furnace 20 maintains thermal equilibrium during the copper-making reaction stage, creating conditions for injecting oxygen into the copper-making furnace, and further extending the furnace life.
  • Cooling equipment includes, but is not limited to, a negative pressure water jacket device or a spray cooling device
  • the melting furnace 10 is a top-blowing smelting furnace, a flash smelting furnace, a bottom-blowing smelting furnace or a side-blown smelting furnace.
  • the copper smelting apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is used for copper smelting, and the process conditions of each apparatus are as follows:
  • Melting furnace melting temperature is 1300 ° C; flux is quartz stone, the amount of addition is 10% of the total weight of copper ore; oxidant is oxygen, the amount of addition is 150Nm 3 O 2 per ton of copper ore;
  • the flux is quartz stone, which is added in an amount of 20% of the total weight of the first copper crucible; the oxidant is oxygen-enriched air having a volumetric oxygen content of 40%, and the addition amount is 200Nm 3 O per ton of the first copper crucible. 2 ; using a spray gun to spray oxidant into the coppermaking furnace, also spray water mist; at the same time add cold waste copper to the coppermaking furnace; the reducing agent is pulverized coal, before the reducing agent is sprayed, the copper slag is firstly sprayed After the discharge, the copper slag is cooled and returned to the smelting furnace.
  • CR furnace first reduction of fuming, post-sedimentation; in the step of reducing fuming treatment, the reaction temperature is 1200 ° C; the reducing agent is pulverized coal, the amount of addition is 10% of the total weight of the smelting slag; a small amount of oxygen is supplied to provide combustion-supporting Heat; sulfur dioxide gas is introduced into the settling chamber, and the vulcanizing agent pyrite is added to make low-grade copper bismuth; the low-grade copper bismuth obtained is returned to the melting furnace.
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 250,000 tons of copper, 75% copper, 650,000 tons of smelting, 3% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.77% zinc; the copper-making furnace produces 235,000 tons of anode copper, 99.3% copper, and 0.05% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.3% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.28%.
  • the copper recovery rate of the entire system is about 99%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 80%.
  • the treatment method is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the copper ore raw materials are different, as follows:
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • Melting furnace melting temperature is 1300 ° C; flux is quartz stone, the amount of addition is 20% of the total weight of copper ore; oxidant is oxygen, the amount of addition is 200Nm 3 O 2 per ton of copper ore;
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; 260,000 tons of copper smelting, 78% copper, 620,000 tons of smelting slag, 4% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.05% zinc; the copper-making furnace produces 236,000 tons of anode copper, 99.5% copper, 0.03% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.2% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.26%.
  • the copper recovery rate of the entire system is about 99%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 82%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the melting temperature is 1150 ° C;
  • the flux is quartz stone, the amount of addition is 1% of the total weight of the copper ore;
  • the oxidant is oxygen, the amount of addition is 120Nm 3 O 2 per ton of copper ore;
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; 260,000 tons of copper smelting, 70% copper, 700,000 tons of smelting, 2.5% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 3.25% zinc; the copper making furnace produces 231,000 tons of anode copper, containing 99.1% copper and 0.03% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated by CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.3% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.27%.
  • the copper recovery rate of the entire system is about 99%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 80%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the melting temperature is 1100 ° C;
  • the flux is quartz stone, the amount of addition is 0.8% of the total weight of the copper ore;
  • the oxidant is oxygen, the amount of addition is 90Nm 3 O 2 per ton of copper ore;
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 200,000 tons of copper, 65% copper, 780,000 tons of smelting, 5% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 4.71% zinc; the copper making furnace produces 228,000 tons of anode copper, 98.0% copper, and 0.1% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.6% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.49%.
  • the overall system copper recovery rate is about 95%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 78%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the flux is quartz stone, which is added in an amount of 20% of the total weight of the first copper crucible; the oxidant is oxygen-enriched air having an oxygen volume content of 80%, and the addition amount is 120Nm 3 O per ton of the first copper crucible. 2 ; using a spray gun to spray oxidant into the copper making furnace, also spray water mist; at the same time, add cold waste copper to the copper making furnace; the reducing agent is pulverized coal; before the reducing agent is sprayed, the copper slag is firstly sprayed Drain, cool and return to the melting furnace.
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 250,000 tons of copper, 75% copper, 650,000 tons of smelting, 3% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.77% zinc; the copper-making furnace produces 246,000 tons of anode copper, 99.5% copper, 0.03% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.4% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.32%.
  • the copper recovery rate of the whole system is about 99.6%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 80%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the flux is quartz stone, which is added in an amount of 20% of the total weight of the first copper crucible; the oxidant is oxygen-enriched air having an oxygen volume content of 30%, and the addition amount is 140Nm 3 O per ton of the first copper crucible. 2 ; using a spray gun to spray oxidant into the copper making furnace, also spray water mist, while adding cold waste copper to the copper making furnace; reducing agent is pulverized coal; before spraying the reducing agent, first make copper slag Drain, cool and return to the melting furnace.
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 250,000 tons of copper, 75% copper, 650,000 tons of smelting, 3% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.77% zinc; the copper-making furnace produces 220,000 tons of anode copper, 98.8% copper, 0.03% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.5% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.34%.
  • the overall system copper recovery rate is about 98.7%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 75%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the flux is quartz stone, which is added in an amount of 20% of the total weight of the first copper crucible;
  • the oxidant is oxygen-enriched air having a volume content of 25% oxygen, and the addition amount is 140Nm 3 O per ton of the first copper crucible. 2 ;
  • the reducing agent is pulverized coal; no water mist is sprayed, and no cold material is added;
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 250,000 tons of copper, 75% copper, 650,000 tons of smelting, 3% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.77% zinc; the copper-making furnace produces 182,000 tons of anode copper, 97.6% copper, and 0.12% sulfur.
  • the slag contains 0.41% copper and the slag contains zinc 0.50. %.
  • the copper recovery rate of the entire system is about 95%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 70%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • CR furnace first reduction of fuming, post-sedimentation; in the step of reducing fuming treatment, the reaction temperature is 1350 ° C; the reducing agent is pulverized coal, the amount of addition is 10% of the total weight of the smelting slag; a small amount of oxygen is supplied to provide heat;
  • the low-grade copper bismuth is formed by adding a vulcanizing agent pyrite; sulfur dioxide gas is introduced into the sedimentation chamber, and the low-grade copper bismuth is returned to the melting furnace.
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 250,000 tons of copper, 75% copper, 650,000 tons of smelting, 3% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.77% zinc; the copper-making furnace produces 235,000 tons of anode copper, 99.3% copper, and 0.05% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.1% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.19%.
  • the overall system copper recovery rate is about 99%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 85%.
  • the processing method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:
  • CR furnace first settling, then reducing fuming; in the step of reducing fuming treatment, the reaction temperature is 1350 ° C; the reducing agent is pulverized coal, the amount of addition is 10% of the total weight of the smelting slag; a small amount of oxygen is supplied to provide heat; The settling chamber performs electrode heating.
  • Treatment results 1 million tons of copper concentrate per year, 20% copper in concentrate, 2% zinc; smelting output 250,000 tons of copper, 72% copper, 630,000 tons of smelting, 3.5% copper, smelting
  • the slag contains 2.63% zinc; the copper making furnace produces 240,000 tons of anode copper, 99.3% copper, and 0.05% sulfur; the smelting slag is treated with CR furnace (reduction ashing and sedimentation), the slag contains 0.6% copper, and the slag contains zinc. 0.54%.
  • the overall system copper recovery rate is about 98.5%, and the zinc recovery rate is about 68%.
  • the annual processing amount is large, and the anode copper (refers to the copper product whose purity can reach the electrolytic anode copper) has large output, and the recovery rate of the valuable metal is high.
  • the method of adding cold material and spraying water mist into the copper-making furnace greatly improves the oxygen content of the oxidant in the copper-making reaction, so that the reaction can complete the copper-making reaction under the condition of high oxygen-rich concentration without generating overheating.
  • the phenomenon also effectively improves the copper-sulfur production efficiency and the copper content of the anode copper.
  • the technical solution in the eighth embodiment of the present invention also uses the short-flow copper smelting process to effectively recover the valuable metal in the smelting slag, and directly produces the anode.
  • the incorporation of copper into harmless slag is also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the present invention effectively recovers valuable metals in the smelting slag during the smelting process by reducing fuming and sedimentation, thereby realizing resource recovery and reducing environmental pollution.
  • the invention takes the melting furnace as the core and simultaneously shortens the product end and the slag end, thereby greatly simplifying the copper smelting process. It is estimated that the average zinc content in the slag is calculated according to 3%, the recovery rate is calculated according to 80%, and the copper smelting enterprise with 200,000 t/a can recover 19,000 t/a of zinc, which greatly improves the economic benefits of the enterprise and greatly simplifies.
  • the process of slag treatment has greatly reduced the footprint and solved the potential pollution risk of slag tailings.

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Abstract

一种铜熔炼渣综合回收方法及装置。该方法采用CR炉对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以综合回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；CR炉（30）包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔（31）和沉降腔（32）；回收熔炼渣中的有价金属的步骤包括：将熔炼渣在还原烟化腔（31）中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和还原渣，以及将还原渣在沉降腔（32）中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和无害渣；或者将熔炼渣在沉降腔（32）中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和沉降渣，以及将沉降渣在还原烟化腔（31）中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和无害渣。

Description

铜熔炼渣综合回收方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及炼铜领域，具体而言，涉及一种铜熔炼渣综合回收方法及装置。
背景技术
目前铜熔炼渣都采用缓冷、破碎、磨矿、浓密以及浮选的渣选矿工艺处理，产出的渣精矿返回熔炼***，渣尾矿则丢弃或作为建材原料外卖。该工艺流程冗长、占地面积大，更重要的是渣中的锌、铅、锑等有价金属进入渣尾矿，没有得到回收利用，造成了有价资源的巨大浪费；而渣选矿过程中加入的选矿药剂，以及渣中本身存在的各种重金属还会造成环境潜在污染隐患。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种铜熔炼渣综合回收方法及装置，以解决现有技术中回收铜熔炼渣时存在的工艺复杂、重金属无法有效回收、环境污染严重的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种铜熔炼渣综合回收方法，其采用CR炉对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以综合回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；有价金属包括铅、锌及锑中的一种或多种；CR炉包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔和沉降腔；回收熔炼渣中的有价金属的步骤包括：将熔炼渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和还原渣；以及，将还原渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和无害渣；或者，将熔炼渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和沉降渣；以及，将沉降渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和无害渣。
进一步地，腔体中还设置有隔墙，以将腔体分为还原烟化腔和沉降腔，烟化还原烟化腔和沉降腔沿水平方向分别位于隔墙的两侧，且还原烟化腔和沉降腔的连通通道靠近腔体底部设置。
进一步地，还原烟化处理的步骤包括：向还原烟化腔中加入还原剂以进行还原烟化处理；优选还原剂选自天然气、煤气、液化石油气、铁粉及固体碳基还原剂中的一种或多种，更优选固体碳基还原剂选自为块煤、粉煤及焦炭中的一种或多种。
进一步地，还原烟化腔中设置有侧吹喷枪，还原烟化处理的步骤中，利用侧吹喷枪将还原剂鼓入还原烟化腔中。
进一步地，还原烟化腔中还设置有出烟口，还原烟化处理的步骤还包括：在还原烟化腔的上部或者出烟口处引入二次风。
进一步地，还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1200～1400℃。
进一步地，当还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之前时，在还原烟化处理的同时，向还原烟化腔中加入捕集剂；当还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之后时，在沉降处理的同时，向沉降腔中加入第二硫化剂和/或铜精矿。
进一步地，捕集剂选自第一硫化剂和/或铜精矿，优选第一硫化剂选自硫铁矿和/或黄铁矿；优选第二硫化剂选自硫铁矿、黄铁矿及炼铅铜浮渣中的一种或多种。
进一步地，沉降处理的步骤还包括：向沉降腔中鼓入惰性气体和/或二氧化硫气体。
进一步地，沉降处理的同时对沉降腔进行保温处理。
根据本发明的另一方面个，还提供了一种铜熔炼渣综合回收装置，其包括CR炉，设置有熔炼渣入口，CR炉用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；CR炉包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔和沉降腔，其中，还原烟化腔用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理，沉降腔用于对还原烟化处理后产生的还原渣进行沉降处理；或者，沉降腔用于对熔炼渣进行沉降处理，还原烟化腔用于对沉降处理后产生的沉降渣进行还原烟化处理。
进一步地，腔体中还设置有隔墙，以将腔体分为还原烟化腔和沉降腔，还原烟化腔和沉降腔沿水平方向分别位于隔墙的两侧，且还原烟化腔和沉降腔的连通通道靠近腔体底部设置。
进一步地，还原烟化腔还设置有：喷枪，设置在还原烟化腔的侧部，用于向还原烟化腔中加入还原剂；加料口，设置在还原烟化腔的顶部，用于向还原烟化腔中加入捕集剂。
进一步地，沉降腔还设置有供热装置，用于对沉降腔进行保温或升温。
进一步地，供热装置为浸没式燃烧喷嘴或电极。
进一步地，还原烟化腔上设置有烟气出口，且沉降腔设置有铜锍出口和无害渣排出口；或者，沉降腔设置有铜锍出口，且还原烟化腔上设置有烟气出口及无害渣排出口。
进一步地，铜熔炼渣综合回收装置还包括：惰性气体供应装置，用于向沉降腔中鼓入惰性气体。
进一步地，铜熔炼渣综合回收装置还包括：二氧化硫气体供应装置，用于向沉降腔中鼓入二氧化硫气体。
本发明提供的铜熔炼渣综合回收方法，其采用CR炉对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以综合回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；有价金属包括铅、锌及锑中的一种或多种；CR炉包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔和沉降腔；回收熔炼渣中的有价金属的步骤包括：将熔炼渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和还原渣；以及，将还原渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和无害渣；或者，将熔炼渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和沉降渣；以及，将沉降渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和无害渣。
上述方法中，通过CR炉这种一体化设备，对铜熔炼渣进行了还原烟化和沉降处理，这能够有效回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，比如金属锌、铅、锑等。这就有效解决了现有的炼铜工艺中有价金属流失浪费的问题，并避免了这些流失金属对环境的污染问题，一次性完成了熔炼渣中有价金属综合回收以及CR炉直接产出无害渣。另一方面，对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降取代了原来的渣选矿流程，不但大大缩减了工厂占地面积，使工艺流程更加简单，还从根本上消除了渣选矿流程中加入的选矿药剂造成的污染。该方法具有很好的工业化大规模应用前景。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本申请的一种实施例提供的铜熔炼渣综合回收装置中CR炉的结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本申请的一种实施例提供的短流程炼铜***的结构示意图；
图3示出了根据本申请的一种实施例提供的短流程炼铜***的结构示意图；
图4示出了根据本申请的一种实施例提供的短流程炼铜***的结构示意图；以及
图5示出了根据本申请的一种实施例提供的短流程炼铜***的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、熔炼炉；20、造铜炉；30、CR炉；31、还原烟化腔；32、沉降腔；33、隔墙；40、浇铸设备。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中回收铜熔炼渣时存在工艺复杂、重金属无法有效回收、环境污染严重的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种铜熔炼渣综合回收方法，其采用CR炉对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以综合回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；有价金属包括铅、锌及锑中的一种或多种；CR炉包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔和沉降腔；回收熔炼渣中的有价金属的步骤包括：将熔炼渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和还原渣；以及，将还原渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和无害渣；或者，将熔炼渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和沉降渣；以及，将沉降渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和无害渣。
上述方法中，通过CR炉这种一体化设备，对铜熔炼渣进行了还原烟化和沉降处理，这能够有效回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，比如金属锌、铅、锑等。这就有效解决了现有的炼铜工艺中有价金属流失浪费的问题，并避免了这些流失金属对环境的污染问题，一次性完成了熔炼渣中有价金属综合回收以及CR炉直接产出无害渣。另一方面，对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降取代了原来的渣选矿流程，不但大大缩减了工厂占地面积，使工艺流程更加简单，还从根本上消除了渣选矿流程中加入的选矿药剂造成的污染。该方法具有很好的工业化大规模应用前景。
上述CR炉为一体化回收炉，其同时包括还原烟化腔和沉降腔。在第一种处理方式中，对熔炼渣先后进行了还原烟化处理、沉降处理。将熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理时，能够将熔炼渣中的磁性铁(四氧化三铁)还原为氧化亚铁进行造渣，这样能够减少熔炼渣的粘度，从而提高后续的沉降分离效果，便于第二铜锍从还原渣中分离。同时，锌、铅、锑等有价金属氧化物被还原为金属后，因其具有易挥发性而转化为有价金属烟气被分离出来，从而达到了回收有价金属的目的。还原烟化处理后，得到还原渣(呈流动态)进入沉降腔中进行沉降分离，得到第二铜锍与无害渣。更重要地，经还原烟化处理后的还原渣直接进入沉降分离，一方面能够极大地改善处理效率；另一方面由于还原渣直接进入沉降处理，能够保持更稳定地流态，且在此过程中仅有微小的温度变化甚至没有温度变化，两方面的原因使其具有更好的沉降效果，能够进一步提高第二铜锍的回收率。
对于第二种处理方式，是将沉降处理设置在了还原烟化处理的步骤之前。这样，可以先将熔炼渣中的铜锍分离出来后，再进行还原及烟化处理，进一步回收其中的锌、铅、锑等有价金属。
需要说明的是，相比于先沉降后还原烟化处理的方式，本发明更优选采用先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式。对于先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，其优点在于：沉降分离的温度越高，分离效果越好。而还原烟化需要的温度很高(1200～1400℃)，因此，先还原烟化后的物料本身温度很高，不需额外加热就可在沉降阶段实现分离。当然，这种先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，也可以对沉降处理进行补热。然而，先沉降分离后还原烟化的方式，则必然要在沉降处理的过程中进行补热。具体的补热方式可以如下：可以在沉降段用电极(比如可以设置3～6根电极)加热或保温，和/或设浸没式燃烧喷嘴(浸没式燃烧喷嘴喷出燃料和氧气，氧气的量控制在使燃料不完全燃烧状态)。此外，先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式还具有如下优点：还原 渣在沉降腔停留一定时间后，可以更充分实现渣锍的沉降分层，无害渣从上部放出，第二铜锍从下部放出。
在具体的操作中，可以先后对熔炼渣进行多次还原烟化及沉降步骤，也可以将熔炼渣分为多部分分别进行还原烟化及沉降步骤。这是本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导能够想到的，在此不再赘述。
在一种优选的实施方式中，腔体中还设置有隔墙，以将腔体分为还原烟化腔和沉降腔，烟化还原烟化腔和沉降腔沿水平方向分别位于隔墙的两侧，且还原烟化腔和沉降腔的连通通道靠近腔体底部设置。这样设置，在还原烟化腔中进行反应的具有流动性的熔体和沉降腔中进行沉降处理的熔体之间，能够实现更平稳的流动，且隔墙能够阻断还原烟化腔中的搅动和表面的浮料，从而进一步提高沉降处理的效果。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化处理的步骤包括：向还原烟化腔中加入还原剂以进行还原烟化处理；优选还原剂选自天然气、煤气、液化石油气、铁粉及固体碳基还原剂中的一种或多种，更优选固体碳基还原剂选自为块煤、粉煤及焦炭中的一种或多种。选用该试剂进行还原烟化处理，对于有价金属的回收更为彻底。在实际操作过程中，同时向还原烟化腔中喷入氧化剂，以通过燃烧提供热量，同时氧化剂还可能与还原剂反应生成一氧化碳等还原气体，与加入的还原剂一并起还原作用。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化腔中设置有侧吹喷枪，还原烟化处理的步骤中，利用侧吹喷枪将还原剂鼓入还原烟化腔中。更优选地，还原烟化腔中还设置有出烟口，还原烟化处理的步骤还包括：在还原烟化腔的上部或者出烟口处引入二次风。这样可以将有价金属烟气氧化为有价金属氧化物，后进行烟气回收。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1200～1400℃。更优选地，当还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之前时，在还原烟化处理的同时，向还原烟化腔中加入捕集剂；优选捕集剂选自第一硫化剂和/或铜精矿，更优选第一硫化剂选自硫铁矿和/或黄铁矿。当还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之后时，在沉降处理的同时，向沉降腔中加入第二硫化剂和/或铜精矿，优选第二硫化剂选自硫铁矿、黄铁矿及炼铅铜浮渣中的一种或多种。
加入硫化剂和/或铜精矿，有利于降低熔炼渣中的铜锍品位，使其转变为低品位铜锍，这样可以降低无害渣中的铜含量，进一步提高铜的回收率。而在还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之后的方式中，因为沉降渣还会进行后续的还原烟化步骤进行回收，因而可以采用炼铅铜浮渣这样的废渣作为硫化剂，其中的铅还可以在还原烟化步骤中与沉降渣中的铅一并挥发并回收，这样可以充分利用一些生产过程中产生的难处理杂料，实现资源综合利用，且不增添额外的设备投资和工艺环节。
更优选地，沉降处理的步骤还包括：向沉降腔中鼓入惰性气体和/或二氧化硫气体。这样可以形成微弱的搅动，这有利于铜和渣的分离。更优选鼓入二氧化硫气体，其除了搅动作用外，还充当了部分硫化剂的作用，更有利于在沉降阶段造低品位铜锍。
在一种优选的实施方式中，沉降处理的同时对沉降腔进行保温处理。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种铜熔炼渣综合回收装置，其包括CR炉30，CR炉30设置有熔炼渣入口，CR炉30用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；如图1所示，CR炉30包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，其中，还原烟化腔31用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理，沉降腔32用于对还原烟化处理后产生的还原渣进行沉降处理；或者，沉降腔32用于对熔炼渣进行沉降处理，还原烟化腔31用于对沉降处理后产生的沉降渣进行还原烟化处理。
上述装置中包括CR炉30一体化设备，其同时包括相连通的还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，可以在同一设备中对铜熔炼渣进行了还原烟化和沉降处理，这能够有效回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，比如金属锌、铅、锑等，有效解决了现有的炼铜工艺中有价金属流失浪费的问题，并避免了这些流失金属对环境的污染问题，一次性完成了熔炼渣中有价金属综合回收以及CR炉直接产出无害渣。另一方面，利用该装置对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降取代了传统的渣选矿流程，不但大大缩减了工厂占地面积，使工艺流程更加简单，还从根本上消除了渣选矿流程中加入的选矿药剂造成的污染。该装置具有很好的工业化大规模应用前景。
当铜熔炼渣先进入还原烟化腔31，后进入沉降腔32，上述CR炉30能够对熔炼渣先进行还原烟化处理，后进行沉降处理。将熔炼渣进行还原及烟化处理时，能够将熔炼渣中的磁性铁(四氧化三铁)还原为氧化亚铁进行造渣，这样能够减少熔炼渣的粘度，从而提高后续的沉降分离效果，便于铜锍从还原渣中分离。同时，锌、铅、锑等有价金属氧化物被还原为金属后，因其具有易挥发性而转化为有价金属烟气被分离出来，从而达到了回收有价金属的目的。还原烟化处理后，得到的还原渣(呈流动态)进入沉降腔32中进行沉降分离，进一步得到铜锍与无害渣。更重要地，采用一体化设备，经还原烟化处理后的熔炼渣直接进入沉降分离，一方面能够极大地改善处理效率；另一方面由于还原渣直接进入沉降处理，能够保持更稳定地流态，且在此过程中仅有微小的温度变化甚至没有温度变化，两方面的原因使其具有更好的沉降效果，能够进一步提高第二铜锍的回收率。
当铜熔炼渣先进入沉降腔32，后进入还原烟化腔31时，能够对熔炼渣先进行沉降处理，后进行还原烟化处理。这样，可以先将熔炼渣中的铜锍分离出来后，再进行还原烟化处理阶段，进一步回收其中的锌等有价金属。需要说明的是，相比于先沉降后还原烟化处理的方式，本发明更优选采用先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式。对于先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，其优点在于：沉降分离的温度越高，分离效果越好。而还原烟化需要的温度很高(1200～1400℃)，因此，先还原烟化后的物料本身温度很高，不需额外加热就可在沉降阶段实现分离。当然，这种先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，也可以对沉降处理进行补热。然而，先沉降分离后还原烟化的方式，则必然要在沉降处理的过程中进行补热。具体的补热方式可以如下：可以在沉降段用电极(比如可以设置3～6根电极)加热或保温，和/或设浸没式燃烧喷嘴(浸没式燃烧喷嘴喷出燃料和氧气，氧气的量控制在使燃料不完全燃烧状态)。此外，先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式还具有如下优点：还原渣在沉降腔停留一定时间后，可以更充分实现渣锍的沉降分层，无害渣从上部放出，铜锍从下部放出。
在一种优选的实施方式中，腔体中还设置有隔墙33，以将腔体分为还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32沿水平方向分别位于隔墙33的两侧，且还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32的连通通道靠近腔体底部设置。这样设置，在还原烟化腔31中进行反应的具有流动性的熔体和沉降腔中进行沉降处理的熔体之间，能够实现更平稳的流动，且隔墙能够阻断还原烟化腔中的搅动和表面的浮料，从而进一步提高沉降处理的效果。优选地，上述隔墙33为水冷隔墙。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化腔31还设置有：喷枪和加料口，喷枪设置在还原烟化腔31的侧部，用于向还原烟化腔31中加入还原剂；加料口设置在还原烟化腔31的顶部，用于向还原烟化腔31中加入捕集剂。这样的加料方式能够进一步提高熔炼渣的还原烟化处理效果。
在一种优选的实施例中，沉降腔32还设置有供热装置，用于对沉降腔32进行保温或升温。供热装置为浸没式燃烧喷嘴或电极(具体可如前文所述)。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化腔31上设置有烟气出口，且沉降腔32设置有铜锍出口和无害渣排出口；或者，沉降腔32设置有铜锍出口，且还原烟化腔31上设置有烟气出口及无害渣排出口。具体地，当还原烟化腔31用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理，沉降腔32用于对还原烟化处理后产生的还原渣进行沉降处理时，还原烟化腔31上设置有烟气出口，且沉降腔32设置有铜锍出口和无害渣排出口；当沉降腔32用于对熔炼渣进行沉降处理，还原烟化腔31用于对沉降处理后产生的沉降渣进行还原烟化处理时，沉降腔32设置有铜锍出口，且还原烟化腔31上设置有烟气出口及无害渣排出口。
在一种优选的实施方式中，铜熔炼渣综合回收装置还包括：惰性气体供应装置，用于向沉降腔32中鼓入惰性气体。更优选地，铜熔炼渣综合回收装置还包括：二氧化硫气体供应装置，用于向沉降腔32中鼓入二氧化硫气体。这样在沉降处理时可以对熔体形成微弱的搅动，这有利于铜和渣的分离。更优选鼓入二氧化硫气体，其除了搅动作用外，还充当了部分硫化剂的作用，更有利于在沉降阶段造低品位铜锍。
优选地，上述装置还包括鼓风机，用于向烟气出口处或还原烟化腔的上方引入二次风，这样可以将有价金属烟气氧化为有价金属氧化物，后进行烟气回收。
现有技术中除了对熔炼渣的处理需要大面积渣缓冷场和复杂的渣选矿环节，增加了建设成本和技术复杂度，且存在有价金属流失浪费、污染环境的问题，整个炼铜方法也存在流程冗长的问题。为了解决如上问题，本申请提出了一种短流程炼铜方法，其采用的炼铜装置包括熔炼炉、造铜炉、CR炉、第一流槽及第二流槽；熔炼炉设置有铜锍出口和熔炼渣出口；造铜炉设置有铜锍入口，铜锍入口通过第一流槽与铜锍出口连通；CR炉设置有熔炼渣入口，熔炼渣入口通过第二流槽与熔炼渣出口连通；短流程炼铜方法包括以下步骤：将铜精矿在熔炼炉中进行熔炼，得到第一铜锍和熔炼渣；在造铜炉中对第一铜锍进行造铜反应，生成阳极铜和造铜渣；以及在CR炉中对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以综合回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；有价金属包括铅、锌及锑中的一种或多种；短流程炼铜方法同时完成了产出阳极铜、 熔炼渣中有价金属综合回收以及CR炉直接产出无害渣。上述方法相比现有技术，总流程大大缩短，有利于缩减建设成本，降低技术复杂度，且实现了资源综合回收并消除了环保隐患。
此处所述“无害渣”是指：不会造成重金属污染的渣。
CR炉全称为全面回收(completely recycle)炉。
上述方法中，在得到熔炼渣后，通过对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降能够回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，比如金属锌、铅、锑等。这就有效解决了现有的炼铜工艺中有价金属流失浪费的问题，并避免了这些流失金属对环境的污染问题；另一方面，对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降取代了原来的渣选矿流程，不但大大缩减了工厂占地面积，使工艺流程更加简单，还从根本上消除了渣选矿流程中加入的选矿药剂造成的污染。与此同时，需要说明的是，本发明的上述炼铜方法，采用了一担挑式的炼铜装置，将熔炼炉的铜锍端直接通过流槽与造铜炉连通，将熔炼炉的出渣端直接通过流槽与CR炉连通，实现了短流程炼铜，同时完成了产出阳极铜、熔炼渣中有价金属综合回收以及CR炉直接产出无害渣，具有很好的工业化大规模应用前景。
在一种优选的实施方式中，将铜精矿在熔炼炉中进行熔炼的步骤包括：将铜精矿与第一熔剂混合，得到混合料；将混合料投入熔炼炉中，在第一氧化剂的作用下进行熔炼，得到第一铜锍和熔炼渣。优选地，熔炼过程中采用底吹熔炼法或侧吹熔炼法。利用底吹熔炼法或侧吹熔炼法，能够进一步提高铜锍品位。更优选地，第一熔剂选自石英石和/或石灰石；第一氧化剂选自氧气、压缩空气及富氧空气中的一种或多种。
此处所述“富氧空气”是指氧气浓度大于空气中氧气浓度的气体，比如可以通过在空气中掺入氧气获得。
在一种优选的实施方式中，将铜精矿在熔炼炉中进行熔炼的步骤中，第一氧化剂的喷入量为每吨铜精矿对应120Nm3以上O 2以使第一铜锍的铜含量为大于等于70wt％。将第一氧化剂的喷入量控制为每吨铜精矿对应120Nm3以上O 2，可以使第一铜锍的铜含量为大于等于70wt％，这样可以避免因第一铜锍的铜含量过低造成的造铜炉渣量偏大的问题，防止因其带来的铜直收率低的问题。更优选第一氧化剂的喷入量为每吨铜精矿对应120～200Nm3O 2以使第一铜锍的铜含量为70～78wt％，这可以进一步避免因第一铜锍的铜含量过高导致的熔炼渣铜含过高的问题，防止因此带来的铜直收率低的问题。此外，铜锍含铜在70～78％时，铅锌锑等元素以氧化物形式进入熔炼渣，有利于后续从CR炉回收这些元素。若铜锍含铜低，如40～50％时，这些元素的一部分会留在铜锍中，不利于后续从CR炉回收。
在一种优选的实施方式中，将铜精矿在熔炼炉中进行熔炼的步骤中，将冷却后的造铜渣投入熔炼炉中与铜精矿一起进行熔炼处理。通过加入冷却后的造铜渣，可以缓解熔炼过程中的过热问题，可以使熔炼过程更容易在较高的富氧浓度下进行，并因此减少产生的烟气量。
除此以外，优选熔炼过程中的熔炼温度为1150～1300℃，第一熔剂的加入量为所述铜矿总重量的1～20％。
上述造铜反应用以直接产出阳极铜。在一种优选的实施方式中，在造铜炉中对第一铜锍进行造铜反应的步骤还包括：同时向造铜炉中加入冷料，和/或向造铜炉中喷入水雾，和/或在造铜炉的炉体外部设置冷却元件；其中冷料包括废杂铜、电解残极铜和固态铜锍中的一种或多种。
为缩短流程，CN103382528提出一种两步炼铜工艺，该工艺首先在熔炼炉中将铜精矿熔炼成含铜65～78％的冰铜，然后在吹炼炉中进行氧化还原反应直接生产阳极铜。该方法主要存在热平衡问题，以及由其带来的烟气问题：吹炼炉中的氧化还原反应放出大量热，这些热必须通过某种方式带走以维持热平衡；该工艺通过调节氧气、空气、氮气的量，通过气体带走反应热，因此喷入的气体总量必须更多，相对的氧气浓度必然较低，这就使得烟气量很大，而烟气中二氧化硫含量很低。因此，后续烟气处理***和制酸***规模大、投资大、运行成本高。同时，喷入的气量大，还会导致整个熔体搅动较剧烈，熔体冲刷炉衬的动能大，炉寿短。此外，该专利也没有指出如何使熔炼炉中的冰铜品位达到65～78％。
与上述专利中的热平衡方式不同的是，本发明中采用了向造铜炉中加入冷料，和/或向造铜炉中喷入水雾，和/或在造铜炉的炉体外部设置冷却元件的热平衡方式。各方式的优势如下：
对于加入冷料的方式：由于造铜炉中发生的反应是放热反应，加入冷料有利于实现热平衡，同时利用反应放出的热量熔化冷料，充分利用热量。加入的冷料可以是废杂铜、电解残极铜和固态铜锍中的一种或多种。目前炼铜工厂中，都采用单独的冶金炉熔化、精炼废杂铜、电解残极铜等二次铜物料，这不但需要额外的燃料来加热冷料，更重要的是需要购置单独的设备、建设单独的车间、配置单独的工人，大大增加了工厂运行成本。而采用本发明上述实施方式，在不额外增加设备、厂房、人员的情况下，不但处理了废杂铜、电解残极铜等物料，还节省了熔化物料需要的能源、资源，经济效益十分显著。总之，利用造铜炉的富裕热量熔化杂铜，降低了杂铜的处理成本。
对于设置炉体冷却元件的方式：优选采用水套，这也是为了散热，实现炉体热平衡。
对于喷入水雾的方式：由于水在气化时吸收大量热，因此可以在最终气量较小的情况下带走更多热量，使造铜反应可以在高富氧吹炼条件下进行，而高富氧浓度吹炼正好解决了CN103382528等专利中采用低富氧浓度吹炼导致的上述问题。此外，喷入水雾还有如下优点：1)更有效地控制炉温。由于水的气化能够吸收大量热，喷入水量的较小变化能够引起热量的较大变化，因此能够更加准确有效地控制炉温；2)延长喷枪寿命。由于高富氧吹炼的效率高，喷枪喷入的气量比低富氧浓度吹炼要少，喷枪的工作强度低，而且水的冷却作用也可以延长喷枪本身的寿命；3)以40％的富氧浓度为例，其熔炼强度可以比低富氧浓度(21％～25％)高近1倍。在烟气量相同的情况下，高富氧浓度(例如40％)能够处理的物料量要高近1倍；4)能耗低，动力消耗低。喷水雾装置的功率比鼓入空气的装置规模小很多。
正因为本发明上述的热平衡方式，使得本发明中的造铜炉可以在高富氧浓度吹炼的条件下进行。在一种优选的实施方式中，进行造铜反应的步骤中，在造铜炉中喷入富氧空气对第一铜锍进行氧化处理，以进行造铜反应，且富氧空气中氧气的体积百分比为30～80％。尽管 CN103382528提到吹炼炉氧浓度9～60％，但由于其是依靠气体带走热量，实际氧浓度只能维持在25％以下，无法真正实现高富氧浓度。而本发明中依靠上述热平衡手段，完全能够达到30～80％的富氧空气浓度。
在一种优选的实施方式中，造铜反应的步骤中，在进行氧化处理的步骤之后，得到金属铜和造铜渣；当造铜炉中的金属铜中含氧低于0.2wt％时，将造铜渣排出造铜炉，得到阳极铜；当造铜炉中的金属铜中含氧高于0.2wt％时，将造铜渣排出造铜炉后，向造铜炉中通入还原剂以对金属铜中的铜氧化物杂质进行还原反应，进而得到阳极铜。
造铜反应的目的是将第一铜锍中的硫元素和其他杂质去除，得到合格的阳极铜。而除杂过程主要是利用氧化反应将铜中的杂质氧化造渣除去。当造铜炉中的金属铜中含氧低于0.2wt％时，一方面表明杂质被较充分氧化并进入到造铜渣中，另一方面表明铜基本没有被过氧化。此时，本发明中在造铜反应过程中采用只氧化不还原的工艺，即可直接得到阳极铜。当造铜炉中的金属铜中含氧高于0.2wt％时，表明在除杂的同时，有部分铜被氧化。此时可以进一步加入还原剂，将这些铜氧化物杂质进行还原反应。且本发明在将造铜渣排出造铜炉以后进行还原反应，还能够防止之前被氧化造渣的杂质返溶回金属铜中，从而能够进一步保证阳极铜的品位。
在一种优选的实施方式中，在造铜炉中对第一铜锍进行氧化处理的步骤中，将第二熔剂从造铜炉的顶部加入；同时，采用底吹的方式向造铜炉中喷入富氧空气进行氧化处理，或可选地喷入第一还原剂进行还原反应。优选地，第二熔剂选自石英石和/或石灰石。优选地，第一还原剂选自天然气、液化石油气及固体碳基还原剂中的一种或多种，优选固体碳基还原剂为粉煤和/或固体含碳还原剂。以上工艺和试剂，能够进一步提高造铜反应的效果。
上述CR炉的作用是通过还原烟化和沉降回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣。在一种优选的实施方式中，CR炉包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔和沉降腔；回收熔炼渣中的有价金属的步骤包括：将熔炼渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟气和还原渣，以及将还原渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到第二铜锍和无害渣；或者将熔炼渣在沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到第二铜锍和沉降渣，以及将沉降渣在还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟气和无害渣。
上述CR炉为一体化回收炉，其同时包括还原烟化腔和沉降腔。在第一种处理方式中，对熔炼渣先后进行了还原烟化处理、沉降处理。将熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理时，能够将熔炼渣中的磁性铁(四氧化三铁)还原为氧化亚铁进行造渣，这样能够减少熔炼渣的粘度，从而提高后续的沉降分离效果，便于第二铜锍从还原渣中分离。同时，锌、铅、锑等有价金属氧化物被还原为金属后，因其具有易挥发性而转化为有价金属烟气被分离出来，从而达到了回收有价金属的目的。还原烟化处理后，得到还原渣(呈流动态)进入沉降腔中进行沉降分离，得到第二铜锍与无害渣。更重要地，经还原烟化处理后的还原渣直接进入沉降分离，一方面能够极大地改善处理效率；另一方面由于还原渣直接进入沉降处理，能够保持更稳定地流态，且在此过程中仅有微小的温度变化甚至没有温度变化，两方面的原因使其具有更好的沉降效果，能够进一步提高第二铜锍的回收率。
对于第二种处理方式，是将沉降处理设置在了还原烟化处理的步骤之前。这样，可以先将熔炼渣中的铜锍分离出来后，再进行还原及烟化处理，进一步回收其中的锌、铅、锑等有价金属。
需要说明的是，相比于先沉降后还原烟化处理的方式，本发明更优选采用先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式。对于先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，其优点在于：沉降分离的温度越高，分离效果越好。而还原烟化需要的温度很高(1200～1400℃)，因此，先还原烟化后的物料本身温度很高，不需额外加热就可在沉降阶段实现分离。当然，这种先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，也可以对沉降处理进行补热。然而，先沉降分离后还原烟化的方式，则必然要在沉降处理的过程中进行补热。具体的补热方式可以如下：可以在沉降段用电极(比如可以设置3～6根电极)加热或保温，和/或设浸没式燃烧喷嘴(浸没式燃烧喷嘴喷出燃料和氧气，氧气的量控制在使燃料不完全燃烧状态)。此外，先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式还具有如下优点：还原渣在沉降腔停留一定时间后，可以更充分实现渣锍的沉降分层，无害渣从上部放出，第二铜锍从下部放出。
在具体的操作中，可以先后对熔炼渣进行多次还原烟化及沉降步骤，也可以将熔炼渣分为多部分分别进行还原烟化及沉降步骤。这是本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导能够想到的，在此不再赘述。
在一种优选的实施方式中，腔体中还设置有隔墙，以将腔体分为还原烟化腔和沉降腔，烟化还原烟化腔和沉降腔沿水平方向分别位于隔墙的两侧，且还原烟化腔和沉降腔的连通通道靠近腔体底部设置。这样设置，在还原烟化腔中进行反应的具有流动性的熔体和沉降腔中进行沉降处理的熔体之间，能够实现更平稳的流动，且隔墙能够阻断还原烟化腔中的搅动和表面的浮料，从而进一步提高沉降处理的效果。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化处理的步骤包括：向还原烟化腔中加入第二还原剂以进行还原烟化处理；优选第二还原剂选自天然气、煤气、液化石油气、铁粉及固体碳基还原剂中的一种或多种，更优选固体碳基还原剂选自为块煤和/或粉煤。选用该试剂进行还原烟化处理，对于有价金属的回收更为彻底。在实际操作过程中，同时向还原烟化腔中喷入氧化剂，以通过燃烧提供热量，同时氧化剂还可能与还原剂反应生成一氧化碳等还原气体，与加入的还原剂一并起还原作用。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化腔中设置有侧吹喷枪，还原烟化处理的步骤中，利用侧吹喷枪将第二还原剂鼓入还原烟化腔中。更优选地，还原烟化腔中还设置有出烟口，还原烟化处理的步骤还包括：在还原烟化腔的上部或者出烟口处引入二次风。这样可以将有价金属烟气氧化为有价金属氧化物，后进行烟气回收。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1200～1400℃。更优选地，当还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之前时，在还原烟化处理的同时，向还原烟化腔中加入捕集剂；优选捕集剂选自第一硫化剂和/或铜精矿，更优选第一硫化剂选自硫铁矿和/或黄铁 矿。当还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之后时，在沉降处理的同时，向沉降腔中加入第二硫化剂和/或铜精矿，优选第二硫化剂选自硫铁矿、黄铁矿及炼铅铜浮渣中的一种或多种。
加入硫化剂和/或铜精矿，有利于降低熔炼渣中的铜锍品位，使其转变为低品位铜锍(第二铜锍)，这样可以降低无害渣中的铜含量，进一步提高铜的回收率。而在还原烟化处理步骤位于沉降处理步骤之后的方式中，因为沉降渣还会进行后续的还原烟化步骤进行回收，因而可以采用炼铅铜浮渣这样的废渣作为硫化剂，其中的铅还可以在还原烟化步骤中与沉降渣中的铅一并挥发并回收，这样可以充分利用一些生产过程中产生的难处理杂料，实现资源综合利用，且不增添额外的设备投资和工艺环节。
更优选地，沉降处理的步骤还包括：向沉降腔中鼓入惰性气体和/或二氧化硫气体。这样可以形成微弱的搅动，这有利于铜和渣的分离。更优选鼓入二氧化硫气体，其除了搅动作用外，还充当了部分硫化剂的作用，更有利于在沉降阶段造低品位铜锍。
在一种优选的实施方式中，在得到第二铜锍的步骤之后，炼铜方法还包括将第二铜锍返回熔炼炉进行熔炼的步骤。这样能够提高铜的利用率。
在一种优选的实施方式中，在得到第二铜锍的步骤之后，炼铜方法还包括将第二铜锍返回造铜炉进行造铜的步骤。这样能够提高铜的利用率。由于第二铜锍一般是以冷却状态(及固态第二铜锍)加入，因此还能起到热平衡的作用。
在一种优选的实施方式中，对第一铜锍进行造铜反应的步骤中，得到的铜为铜熔体；在造铜反应的步骤之后，上述炼铜方法还包括对铜熔体进行浇铸成型的步骤。这样可以进一步将铜熔体浇铸形成铜阳极板等产品。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种炼铜***，如图2所示，该炼铜***包括熔炼炉10，造铜炉20，CR炉30(CR炉30如图1所示)、第一流槽及第二流槽；其中熔炼炉10用于对铜精矿进行熔炼以产出第一铜锍与熔炼渣；熔炼炉10设置有第一铜锍出口和熔炼渣出口；造铜炉20设置有铜锍入口，铜锍入口与第一铜锍出口通过第一流槽连通，造铜炉20用于对第一铜锍进行造铜反应，生成阳极铜和造铜渣；CR炉30设置有熔炼渣入口，其与熔炼渣出口通过第二流槽连通，用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以回收熔炼渣中的有价金属。
上述装置中，利用熔炼炉10能够对铜矿进行熔炼，得到第一铜锍和熔炼渣。在得到熔炼渣后，利用CR炉30能够对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降，进而能够回收熔炼渣中的有价金属，比如金属锌、铅、锑等。这就有效解决了现有的炼铜工艺中有价金属流失浪费的问题，并避免了这些流失金属对环境的污染问题；另一方面，对熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降取代了原来的渣选矿流程，不但大大缩减了工厂占地面积，使工艺流程更加简单，还从根本上消除了渣选矿流程中加入的选矿药剂造成的污染。与此同时，需要说明的是，本发明的上述炼铜装置，CR炉30与熔炼炉10的出渣端连通，造铜炉20与熔炼炉10的铜锍端连通。这样在将铜矿进行熔炼得到第一铜锍和熔炼渣后，一方面将第一铜锍进行造铜反应处理生成了品位较高的阳极铜，一方面又将熔炼过程中产出的熔炼渣进行了回收处理，即采用的一担挑式的炼铜装置，极大地缩短了铜冶炼的步骤，具有很好的工业化大规模应用前景。
在一种优选的实施方式中，CR炉30为并联或串联设置的多个。这样，多个CR炉30采用连续作业或交替作业方式产出第二铜锍、有价金属和水碎无害渣，能够提高处理效率。当然，也可以利用多个CR炉30串联式处理熔炼渣，以进一步提高处理效果。在此不再赘述。
在本发明一种优选的实施例中，造铜炉20为并联设置的多个。这样同样可以提高设备的能力。
在本发明一种典型的实施例中，如图3所示，造铜炉20为并联设置的两个，CR炉为一个；或者，
在本发明另一种典型的实施例中，如图4所示，造铜炉20为一个，CR炉为并联设置的两个；或者，
在本发明又一种典型的实施例中，如图5所示，造铜炉20并联设置的两个，CR炉也为并联设置的两个。
在一种优选的实施方式中，CR炉30包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，还原烟化腔31与熔炼渣出口连通，用于对熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理，还原烟化腔31上设置有烟气出口，沉降腔32与还原烟化腔31连通，用于对还原及烟化处理后的还原渣进行沉降处理，且沉降腔32设置有第二铜锍出口和排渣口(如图1所示)；或者，CR炉30包括腔体，腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，沉降腔32与熔炼渣出口连通，用于对熔炼渣进行沉降处理，且沉降腔32设置有第二铜锍出口，还原烟化腔31与沉降腔32连通，用于对沉降处理后的沉降渣进行还原及烟化处理，还原烟化腔31上设置有烟气出口及排渣口。
这样，本发明提供的CR炉30为一体化设备，其同时包括相连通的还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，选择还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32的连接关系，可以决定先还原烟化，后沉降；或者先沉降，后还原烟化。
当还原烟化腔31与熔炼渣出口连通，沉降腔32与还原烟化腔31连通时，能够对熔炼渣先进行还原烟化处理，后进行沉降处理。将熔炼渣进行还原及烟化处理时，能够将熔炼渣中的磁性铁(四氧化三铁)还原为氧化亚铁进行造渣，这样能够减少熔炼渣的粘度，从而提高后续的沉降分离效果，便于第二铜锍从还原渣中分离。同时，锌、铅、锑等有价金属氧化物被还原为金属后，因其具有易挥发性而转化为有价金属烟气被分离出来，从而达到了回收有价金属的目的。还原烟化处理后，得到的还原渣(呈流动态)进入沉降腔中进行沉降分离，进一步得到第二铜锍与无害渣。更重要地，采用一体化设备，经还原烟化处理后的熔炼渣直接进入沉降分离，一方面能够极大地改善处理效率；另一方面由于还原渣直接进入沉降处理，能够保持更稳定地流态，且在此过程中仅有微小的温度变化甚至没有温度变化，两方面的原因使其具有更好的沉降效果，能够进一步提高第二铜锍的回收率。
当还原烟化腔31与熔炼渣出口连通，沉降腔32与还原烟化腔31连通时，能够对熔炼渣先进行沉降处理，后进行还原烟化处理。这样，可以先将熔炼渣中的铜锍分离出来后，再进行还原烟化处理阶段，进一步回收其中的锌、铅、锑等有价金属。需要说明的是，相比于先 沉降后还原烟化处理的方式，本发明更优选采用先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式。对于先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，其优点在于：沉降分离的温度越高，分离效果越好。而还原烟化需要的温度很高(1200～1400℃)，因此，先还原烟化后的物料本身温度很高，不需额外加热就可在沉降阶段实现分离。当然，这种先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式，也可以对沉降处理进行补热。然而，先沉降分离后还原烟化的方式，则必然要在沉降处理的过程中进行补热。具体的补热方式可以如下：可以在沉降段用电极(比如可以设置3～6根电极)加热或保温，和/或设浸没式燃烧喷嘴(浸没式燃烧喷嘴喷出燃料和氧气，氧气的量控制在使燃料不完全燃烧状态)。此外，先还原烟化后沉降处理的方式还具有如下优点：还原渣在沉降腔停留一定时间后，可以更充分实现渣锍的沉降分层，无害渣从上部放出，第二铜锍从下部放出。
在一种优选的实施方式中，如图1所示，腔体中还设置有隔墙33，以将腔体分为还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32，还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32沿水平方向分别位于隔墙33的两侧，且还原烟化腔31和沉降腔32的连通通道靠近腔体底部设置。这样设置，在还原烟化腔31中进行反应的具有流动性的熔体和沉降腔中进行沉降处理的熔体之间，能够实现更平稳的流动，且隔墙能够阻断还原烟化腔中的搅动和表面的浮料，从而进一步提高沉降处理的效果。优选地，上述隔墙33为水冷隔墙。
在一种优选的实施方式中，还原烟化腔31还设置有侧吹喷枪，第一喷枪设置在还原烟化腔31的侧部或底部，用于向还原烟化腔31中喷入还原剂。更优选地，还原烟化腔中还设置有出烟口，用以排出有价金属烟气。进一步优选地，还原烟化腔中还设置有加料口，用于向还原烟化腔31中加入捕集剂。
在一种优选的实施方式中，当还原烟化腔31与熔炼渣出口连通，沉降腔32与还原烟化腔31连通时，沉降腔32还设置有供热装置，用于对沉降腔32进行保温或升温。这样能够防止沉降腔32降温，进一步保证沉降分离效果。优选地，供热装置为浸没式燃烧喷嘴或电极。
在一种优选的实施方式中，造铜炉20还设置有第二喷枪和熔剂入口，第二喷枪设置在造铜炉20的侧部或底部，用于向造铜炉20内交替加入氧化剂或还原剂；熔剂入口用于通入熔剂。这样，能够在造铜炉一个设备中完成对铜锍的精炼，将其品位提高到电解阳极铜的品位。优选地，造铜炉20的炉体为卧式圆筒型炉体。在实际操作中，可以并联设置多台造铜炉20，进行交替作业或者同时作业的方式。优选地，第二喷枪中可喷入适量水雾以吸收造铜过程中产生的过剩热量，减少烟气量，延长喷枪寿命。
在一种优选的实施方式中，造铜炉20还设置有铜熔体出口；炼铜***还包括浇铸设备40，浇铸设备40与铜熔体出口连通，用于对铜熔体进行浇铸处理。对第一铜锍进行造铜反应的步骤中，得到的阳极铜为铜熔体。通过设置浇铸设备40可以进一步将铜熔体浇铸形成阳极铜板等产品。更优选地，浇铸设备40为双圆盘浇铸机。
在一种优选的实施方式中，造铜炉20还设置有造铜渣出口，用以排出造铜渣；熔炼炉10还设置有造铜渣入口，用以将冷却后的造铜渣通入熔炼炉10中。
在一种优选的实施方式中，熔炼炉10还设置有第二铜锍入口，用以将冷却后的第二铜硫通入至熔炼炉10中。这样能够进一步提高铜的利用率。
在一种优选的实施方式中，造铜炉20还设置有冷料入口，用以向造铜炉20中加入电解铜残极、废杂铜及固态铜锍中的一种或多种。这样可以将后期电解过程中残余的电解铜残极和外购的废杂铜、固态铜锍作为冷料通入造铜炉中，更好地实现造铜炉中的热平衡，为向造铜炉中喷入富氧创造条件。
在一种优选的实施方式中，造铜***还包括冷却设备，冷却设备用于对造铜炉20进行降温。这样能够保证造铜炉20在造铜反应阶段维持热平衡，为向造铜炉中喷入富氧创造条件，此外还能延长炉寿。冷却设备包括但不限于负压水套装置或喷雾冷却装置
在一种优选的实施方式中，熔炼炉10为顶吹熔炼炉、闪速熔炼炉、底吹熔炼炉或侧吹熔炼炉。
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明的有益效果：
实施例1
利用图2所示炼铜装置进行炼铜，各装置工艺条件如下：
熔炼炉：熔炼温度为1300℃；熔剂为石英石，其加入量为铜矿总重量的10％；氧化剂为氧气，其加入量为每吨铜矿加入150Nm 3O 2；
造铜炉：熔剂为石英石，其加入量为第一铜锍总重量的20％；氧化剂为氧气体积含量40％的富氧空气，其加入量为每吨第一铜锍中加入200Nm 3O 2；使用喷枪向造铜炉中喷入氧化剂的同时，还喷入水雾；同时向造铜炉中加入冷料废杂铜；还原剂为粉煤，喷入还原剂之前，先将造铜渣排出，造铜渣冷却后返回熔炼炉。
CR炉：先还原烟化，后沉降；还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1200℃；还原剂为粉煤，其加入量为熔炼渣总重量的10％；少量通入氧气提供助燃补热；沉降腔中通入二氧化硫气体，并加入硫化剂黄铁矿造低品位铜锍；所得低品位铜锍返回熔炼炉。
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍25万吨，含铜75％，熔炼渣65万吨，含铜3％，熔炼渣含锌2.77％；造铜炉产出阳极铜23.5万吨，含铜99.3％，含硫0.05％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.3％，渣含锌0.28％。整个***铜回收率约99％，锌回收率约为80％。
实施例2
处理方法同实施例1相同，不同之处在于铜矿原料不同，具体如下：
年处理150万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜25％，含锌1.5％，含锑0.5％；熔炼产出铜锍40万吨，含铜75％，熔炼渣100万吨，含铜2％，熔炼渣含锌2.03％；造铜炉产出阳极铜45万吨，含铜99.2％，含硫0.03％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理后渣含铜0.3％，渣含锌0.20％。整个***铜回收 率约99％，锌回收率约为80％。
实施例3
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
熔炼炉：熔炼温度为1300℃；熔剂为石英石，其加入量为铜矿总重量的20％；氧化剂为氧气，其加入量为每吨铜矿加入200Nm 3O 2；
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍26万吨，含铜78％，熔炼渣62万吨，含铜4％，熔炼渣含锌2.05％；造铜炉产出阳极铜23.6万吨，含铜99.5％，含硫0.03％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.2％，渣含锌0.26％。整个***铜回收率约99％，锌回收率约为82％。
实施例4
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
熔炼炉：熔炼温度为1150℃；熔剂为石英石，其加入量为铜矿总重量的1％；氧化剂为氧气，其加入量为每吨铜矿加入120Nm 3O 2；
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍26万吨，含铜70％，熔炼渣70万吨，含铜2.5％，熔炼渣含锌3.25％；造铜炉产出阳极铜23.1万吨，含铜99.1％，含硫0.03％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.3％，渣含锌0.27％。整个***铜回收率约99％，锌回收率约为80％。
实施例5
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
熔炼炉：熔炼温度为1100℃；熔剂为石英石，其加入量为铜矿总重量的0.8％；氧化剂为氧气，其加入量为每吨铜矿加入90Nm 3O 2；
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍20万吨，含铜65％，熔炼渣78万吨，含铜5％，熔炼渣含锌4.71％；造铜炉产出阳极铜22.8万吨，含铜98.0％，含硫0.1％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.6％，渣含锌0.49％。整个***铜回收率约95％，锌回收率约为78％。
实施例6
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
造铜炉：熔剂为石英石，其加入量为第一铜锍总重量的20％；氧化剂为氧气体积含量80％的富氧空气，其加入量为每吨第一铜锍中加入120Nm 3O 2；使用喷枪向造铜炉中喷入氧化剂的同时，还喷入水雾；同时向造铜炉中加入冷料废杂铜；还原剂为粉煤；喷入还原剂之前，先将造铜渣排出，冷却后返回熔炼炉。
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍25万吨，含铜75％，熔炼渣65万吨，含铜3％，熔炼渣含锌2.77％；造铜炉产出阳极铜24.6万吨，含铜99.5％，含硫0.03％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.4％，渣含锌0.32％。整个***铜回收率约99.6％，锌回收率约为80％。
实施例7
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
造铜炉：熔剂为石英石，其加入量为第一铜锍总重量的20％；氧化剂为氧气体积含量30％的富氧空气，其加入量为每吨第一铜锍中加入140Nm 3O 2；使用喷枪向造铜炉中喷入氧化剂的同时，还喷入水雾，同时向造铜炉中加入冷料废杂铜；还原剂为粉煤；喷入还原剂之前，先将造铜渣排出，冷却后返回熔炼炉。
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍25万吨，含铜75％，熔炼渣65万吨，含铜3％，熔炼渣含锌2.77％；造铜炉产出阳极铜22.0万吨，含铜98.8％，含硫0.03％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.5％，渣含锌0.34％。整个***铜回收率约98.7％，锌回收率约为75％。
实施例8
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
造铜炉：熔剂为石英石，其加入量为第一铜锍总重量的20％；氧化剂为氧气体积含量25％的富氧空气，其加入量为每吨第一铜锍中加入140Nm 3O 2；还原剂为粉煤；不喷入水雾，不加入冷料；
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍25万吨，含铜75％，熔炼渣65万吨，含铜3％，熔炼渣含锌2.77％；造铜炉产出阳极铜18.2万吨，含铜97.6％，含硫0.12％；熔炼渣还原贫化(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.41％，渣含锌0.50％。整个***铜回收率约95％，锌回收率约为70％。
实施例9
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
CR炉：先还原烟化，后沉降；还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1350℃；还原剂为粉煤，其加入量为熔炼渣总重量的10％；少量通入氧气提供热量；加入硫化剂黄铁矿造低品位铜锍；沉降腔中通入二氧化硫气体，所得低品位铜锍返回熔炼炉。
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍25万吨，含铜75％，熔炼渣65万吨，含铜3％，熔炼渣含锌2.77％；造铜炉产出阳极铜23.5万吨，含铜99.3％，含硫0.05％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.1％，渣含锌0.19％。整个***铜回收率约99％，锌回收率约为85％。
实施例10
处理方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：
CR炉：先沉降，后还原烟化；还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1350℃；还原剂为粉煤，其加入量为熔炼渣总重量的10％；少量通入氧气提供热量；沉降腔进行电极补热。
处理结果：年处理100万吨铜精矿，精矿含铜20％，含锌2％；熔炼产出铜锍25万吨，含铜72％，熔炼渣63万吨，含铜3.5％，熔炼渣含锌2.63％；造铜炉产出阳极铜24万吨，含铜99.3％，含硫0.05％；熔炼渣经CR炉处理(还原烟化及沉降)后渣含铜0.6％，渣含锌0.54％。整个***铜回收率约98.5％，锌回收率约为68％。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本申请上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
采用本发明提供的炼铜工艺，年处理量大，阳极铜(指纯度能够达到电解阳极铜的铜产品)产量大，有价金属回收率较高。特别地，由实施例1、实施例5至8中的数据可知，相较于实施例8中未在造铜炉中加入冷料或喷入水雾的技术方案而言，实施例1、5至7中采用在造铜炉中加入冷料和喷入水雾的方式，极大地提高了造铜反应中氧化剂的含氧量，使反应能够在高富氧浓度的条件下完成造铜反应而不产生过热现象，也有效提高了铜硫产出效率和阳极铜的含铜率。当然，尽管未在造铜炉中加入冷料和喷入水雾，本发明实施例8中的技术方案同样采用短流程炼铜工艺有效回收了熔炼渣中的有价金属，同时直接产出了阳极铜并造无害渣，也属于本发明的保护范围。
总之，本发明通过还原烟化及沉降有效回收了熔炼过程中熔炼渣里的有价金属，实现了资源回收，减轻了环境污染。另，本发明以熔炼炉为核心，从产品端和渣端同时缩短，大大简化了炼铜工艺。初步估算，渣中平均含锌按照3％计算，回收率按照80％计算，20万t/a的铜冶炼企业可回收锌1.9万t/a，对企业的经济效益有大幅提高，同时大大简化了渣处理的工艺流程，占地面积大大减少，也解决了渣尾矿的潜在污染风险。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种铜熔炼渣综合回收方法，其特征在于，采用CR炉对所述熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以综合回收所述熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；所述有价金属包括铅、锌及锑中的一种或多种；所述CR炉包括腔体，所述腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔和沉降腔；回收所述熔炼渣中的有价金属的步骤包括：
    将所述熔炼渣在所述还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和还原渣；以及，将所述还原渣在所述沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和所述无害渣；或者
    将所述熔炼渣在所述沉降腔中进行沉降处理，得到铜锍和沉降渣；以及，将所述沉降渣在所述还原烟化腔中进行还原烟化处理，得到有价金属烟尘和所述无害渣。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述腔体中还设置有隔墙，以将所述腔体分为所述还原烟化腔和所述沉降腔，所述烟化还原烟化腔和所述沉降腔沿水平方向分别位于所述隔墙的两侧，且所述还原烟化腔和所述沉降腔的连通通道靠近所述腔体底部设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原烟化处理的步骤包括：向所述还原烟化腔中加入还原剂以进行所述还原烟化处理；优选所述还原剂选自天然气、煤气、液化石油气、铁粉及固体碳基还原剂中的一种或多种，更优选所述固体碳基还原剂选自为块煤、粉煤及焦炭中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原烟化腔中设置有侧吹喷枪，所述还原烟化处理的步骤中，利用所述侧吹喷枪将所述还原剂鼓入所述还原烟化腔中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原烟化腔中还设置有出烟口，所述还原烟化处理的步骤还包括：在所述还原烟化腔的上部或者所述出烟口处引入二次风。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原烟化处理的步骤中，反应温度为1200～1400℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    当所述还原烟化处理步骤位于所述沉降处理步骤之前时，在所述还原烟化处理的同时，向所述还原烟化腔中加入捕集剂；
    当所述还原烟化处理步骤位于所述沉降处理步骤之后时，在所述沉降处理的同时，向所述沉降腔中加入第二硫化剂和/或铜精矿。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述捕集剂选自第一硫化剂和/或铜精矿，优选所述第一硫化剂选自硫铁矿和/或黄铁矿；优选所述第二硫化剂选自硫铁矿、黄铁矿及炼铅铜浮渣中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述沉降处理的步骤还包括：向所述沉降腔中鼓入惰性气体和/或二氧化硫气体。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述沉降处理的同时对所述沉降腔进行保温处理。
  11. 一种铜熔炼渣综合回收装置，其特征在于，包括CR炉(30)，设置有熔炼渣入口，所述CR炉(30)用于对所述熔炼渣进行还原烟化和沉降以回收所述熔炼渣中的有价金属，并造无害渣；所述CR炉(30)包括腔体，所述腔体包括相连通的还原烟化腔(31)和沉降腔(32)，其中，
    所述还原烟化腔(31)用于对所述熔炼渣进行还原烟化处理，所述沉降腔(32)用于对还原烟化处理后产生的还原渣进行沉降处理；或者，
    所述沉降腔(32)用于对所述熔炼渣进行沉降处理，所述还原烟化腔(31)用于对沉降处理后产生的沉降渣进行还原烟化处理。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述腔体中还设置有隔墙(33)，以将所述腔体分为所述还原烟化腔(31)和所述沉降腔(32)，所述还原烟化腔(31)和所述沉降腔(32)沿水平方向分别位于所述隔墙(33)的两侧，且所述还原烟化腔(31)和所述沉降腔(32)的连通通道靠近所述腔体底部设置。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述还原烟化腔(31)还设置有：
    喷枪，设置在所述还原烟化腔(31)的侧部，用于向所述还原烟化腔(31)中加入还原剂；
    加料口，设置在所述还原烟化腔(31)的顶部，用于向所述还原烟化腔(31)中加入捕集剂。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述沉降腔(32)还设置有供热装置，用于对所述沉降腔(32)进行保温或升温。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述供热装置为浸没式燃烧喷嘴或电极。
  16. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述还原烟化腔(31)上设置有烟气出口，且所述沉降腔(32)设置有铜锍出口和无害渣排出口；或者，所述沉降腔(32)设置有铜锍出口，且所述还原烟化腔(31)上设置有烟气出口及无害渣排出口。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述铜熔炼渣综合回收装置还包括：惰性气体供应装置，用于向所述沉降腔(32)中鼓入惰性气体。
  18. 根据权利要求13或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述铜熔炼渣综合回收装置还包括：二氧化硫气体供应装置，用于向所述沉降腔(32)中鼓入二氧化硫气体。
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