一种气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备Pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisted impact rock breaking equipment
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备,最适用于普氏硬度系数高的岩石钻孔或破碎。The invention relates to a pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet auxiliary impact rock breaking device, which is most suitable for drilling or breaking rock with high hardness coefficient of Platts.
背景技术Background technique
2015年,《BP世界能源统计年鉴》指出:中国仍然是世界最大的能源消费国,占全球消费量的23%和全球净增长的61%;煤炭资源消耗占消费总量的66.03%,在未来很长一段时期内作为我国主体能源具有无法替代的地位。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006~2020)》明确指出:亟需大力加强煤炭资源安全高效开采和利用技术研究,明确要求重点研究深层和复杂地层矿体采矿技术。In 2015, the BP World Energy Statistics Yearbook pointed out that China is still the world's largest energy consumer, accounting for 23% of global consumption and 61% of global net growth; coal resource consumption accounts for 66.03% of total consumption in the future. For a long period of time, it has an irreplaceable position as China's main energy source. The National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020) clearly states that there is an urgent need to strengthen the research on the safe and efficient mining and utilization of coal resources, and explicitly require the focus on deep and complex formation ore mining technology.
目前,煤炭开采已经逐渐向深层和复杂地层发展,对深层、复杂地层煤炭资源安全高效开采技术和装备提出了更高的要求和新的挑战。由于地应力的增大,通常深层、复杂地层煤岩的弹性模量、硬度和破坏强度等随之增大,单轴抗压强度往往达到150MPa以上。煤岩钻孔是矿体***、卸压开采以及巷道支护等工程高效实施的前提,而坚硬煤岩钻孔效率低、粉尘量大等问题直接制约了深层、复杂地层煤炭等矿体资源的高效开发。井下煤岩钻孔主要采用机械切削和冲击两种方式:机械切削破岩时刀具磨损严重、消耗量大,主要用于切削破碎普氏硬度系数f≤8的煤岩;机械冲击可以破碎大部分煤岩,但在坚硬煤岩(f>15)中工作存在球齿磨损严重和脱落、破岩效率低以及粉尘量大等问题,大大降低了机械冲击破岩能力、效率以及设备使用寿命和可靠性,如何实现坚硬煤岩的安全高效破碎已经成为深层、复杂地层煤炭等矿体资源高效开发的关键问题和难点。At present, coal mining has gradually developed into deep and complex formations, and has put forward higher requirements and new challenges for safe and efficient mining technology and equipment for deep and complex formation coal resources. Due to the increase of ground stress, the elastic modulus, hardness and fracture strength of coal and rock in deep and complex formations generally increase, and the uniaxial compressive strength often reaches 150 MPa or more. Coal and rock drilling is the premise of efficient implementation of ore body blasting, pressure relief mining and roadway support. The problems of low drilling efficiency and large dust volume of hard coal rock directly restrict the ore body resources such as coal in deep and complex formations. Efficient development. The underground coal rock drilling mainly adopts two methods: mechanical cutting and impact: when the mechanical cutting breaks the rock, the tool wear is serious and the consumption is large. It is mainly used for cutting and breaking the coal rock with the hardness coefficient f≤8; the mechanical impact can break most of the coal. Coal rock, but working in hard coal rock (f>15), there are problems such as severe ball tooth wear and shedding, low rock breaking efficiency and large amount of dust, which greatly reduces the mechanical impact rock breaking ability, efficiency, equipment service life and reliability. Sex, how to achieve safe and efficient crushing of hard coal has become a key issue and difficulty in the efficient development of mineral resources such as coal in deep and complex formations.
高压水射流辅助作用已经被证实可以提高刀具破岩能力,延长刀具使用寿命,但连续高压水射流耗水量大会导致煤岩破碎机械作业场所产生大面积的积水,造成设备难以正常工作。常见的连续水射流辅助破岩仅产生单一的“水锤压力”,冲击破岩能力有限,而后续的“滞止压力”低难以加剧坚硬煤岩内部损伤和裂纹扩展,导致其未能在坚硬煤岩破碎装备中得到广泛地应用。脉冲射流冲击破碎煤岩能力远强于连续射流,利用脉冲射流的低温冲击和耗水量低特性,可以降低球齿磨损率和消耗量,延长球齿使用寿命,改善机械冲击破岩工作条件。The auxiliary action of high-pressure water jet has been proved to improve the rock breaking capacity of the tool and prolong the service life of the tool. However, the continuous high-pressure water jet water consumption meeting causes a large area of water to be generated in the coal rock crushing machine working place, which makes the equipment difficult to work normally. The common continuous water jet assisted rock breaking only produces a single "water hammer pressure", and the impact rock breaking ability is limited, and the subsequent "stagnation pressure" is difficult to aggravate the internal damage and crack propagation of the hard coal rock, resulting in its failure to be hard. Coal and rock crushing equipment is widely used. The impact of pulse jet on crushing coal rock is much stronger than continuous jet. The low temperature impact and low water consumption of pulse jet can reduce the wear rate and consumption of ball teeth, prolong the service life of ball teeth and improve the working conditions of mechanical impact rock breaking.
发明内容Summary of the invention
发明目的:本发明的目的是克服已有技术存在的不足,提供一种气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备,该设备真正意义上将超高压挤压脉冲射流融入机械冲击破
岩过程,克服普氏硬度系数极高的岩石钻孔和破碎的难题。OBJECT OF THE INVENTION: The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisted impact rock breaking device, which truly integrates an ultrahigh pressure squeeze pulse jet into a mechanical shock.
The rock process overcomes the problem of rock drilling and crushing with extremely high hardness factor.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:一种气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备,包括空气压缩机、储气罐、低压给水泵、溢流阀、脉冲电磁阀、球阀、水气组合管、进水气接头、冲击活塞加速腔体、中部活塞腔体、前部压水腔体、单向阀、冲击钎头、弹簧、截止套、中部活塞、冲击活塞和冲击活塞缓冲垫;In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisted impact rock breaking device, including an air compressor, a gas storage tank, a low pressure feed water pump, a relief valve, a pulse solenoid valve Ball valve, water and gas combination pipe, inlet water connection, impact piston acceleration cavity, middle piston cavity, front pressurized water chamber, check valve, impact bit, spring, cut-off sleeve, middle piston, impact piston and Impact piston cushion;
前部压水腔体前端设有端盖,前部压水腔体尾端与中部活塞腔体前端相连,中部活塞腔体尾端与冲击活塞加速腔体前端相连,冲击活塞加速腔体尾端设有进水气接头,端盖中心开设有钎头装配孔,端盖圆周均布有若干过岩屑槽,端盖外侧端面交替布置数个合金喷嘴球齿和合金球齿,端盖内侧端面开设有压水槽,压水槽底部开设有超高压水道,超高压水道与合金喷嘴球齿连通,压水槽侧壁开设有连通水道,前部压水腔体内腔设有冲击钎头和弹簧,冲击钎头头部与钎头装配孔配合,冲击钎头中部与前部压水腔体内腔配合,弹簧设置在冲击钎头尾部,在前部压水腔体上开设有水道IV,水道IV与连通水道通过单向阀连通,中部活塞腔体内腔前端设有凹槽I,凹槽I内嵌入截止套,中部活塞腔体内腔中部设置中部活塞,中部活塞前端穿过截止套并与弹簧相接触,通过截止套防止中部活塞从中部活塞腔体内脱出,在中部活塞腔体上开设有水道III,水道III连通水道IV,冲击活塞加速腔体内腔设有冲击活塞,在冲击活塞加速腔体上开设有水道II,水道II连通水道III,进水气接头外侧端面设有进水口和进气口,进水气接头内侧端面设有凹槽II,凹槽II内嵌入冲击活塞缓冲垫,在进水气接头上开设有水道I和气道,水道I分别连通水道II和进水口,气道分别连通冲击活塞加速腔体内腔和进气口;The front end of the front pressure water chamber is provided with an end cover, the front end of the front pressure water chamber is connected with the front end of the middle piston chamber body, the tail end of the middle piston chamber body is connected with the front end of the impact piston acceleration chamber body, and the impact piston accelerates the end of the cavity body. The utility model is provided with a water inlet joint, and the center of the end cover is provided with a drill head assembly hole, and the end cover is evenly distributed with a plurality of overburden grooves, and the outer end faces of the end cover are alternately arranged with a plurality of alloy nozzle ball teeth and alloy ball teeth, and the inner end surface of the end cover A pressure water tank is opened, and an ultra-high pressure water channel is opened at the bottom of the pressure water tank. The ultra-high pressure water channel communicates with the alloy nozzle ball teeth, the connecting water channel side wall is provided with a connecting water channel, and the front pressure water chamber body cavity is provided with an impact bit and a spring, impact brazing The head is matched with the assembly hole of the bit, the middle part of the impact bit is matched with the inner cavity of the front pressure water chamber, the spring is arranged at the tail of the impact bit, and the water channel IV, the water channel IV and the connected water channel are opened on the front pressure water chamber. Through the one-way valve communication, the front end of the inner cavity of the middle piston cavity is provided with a groove I, the groove I is embedded with a cut-off sleeve, and the central piston is provided with a middle piston in the middle of the inner cavity of the middle piston cavity, and the front end of the middle piston passes through the cut-off sleeve and is in contact with the spring. The cut-off sleeve prevents the central piston from coming out of the central piston chamber, and the water passage III is opened on the middle piston chamber, the water passage III is connected to the water passage IV, and the impact piston is provided with an impact piston in the inner cavity of the acceleration chamber, and is opened on the impact piston acceleration chamber. Water channel II, water channel II is connected to water channel III, water inlet port and air inlet port are provided on the outer end surface of the inlet water connection, groove II is arranged on the inner end surface of the inlet water connection, and the impact piston cushion is embedded in the groove II. A water channel I and an air passage are opened on the joint, and the water passage I is respectively connected with the water passage II and the water inlet, and the air passage respectively communicates with the impact piston to accelerate the inner cavity and the air inlet of the cavity;
水气组合管包括高压水管和气管,高压水管分别连通和进水口和球阀,球阀通过溢流阀与低压给水泵相连,气管分别连通进气口和脉冲电磁阀,脉冲电磁阀通过储气罐与空气压缩机相连。The water-gas combination pipe comprises a high-pressure water pipe and a gas pipe, and the high-pressure water pipe is respectively connected with the water inlet and the ball valve, and the ball valve is connected with the low-pressure feed water pump through the overflow valve, the gas pipe is respectively connected with the air inlet port and the pulse electromagnetic valve, and the pulse electromagnetic valve passes through the gas storage tank and The air compressor is connected.
进一步的,所述冲击钎头头部前端镶嵌有合金头体。Further, the front end of the impact bit is inlaid with an alloy body.
进一步的,所述冲击钎头头部外圆开设有密封圈槽IV,冲击钎头中部外圆开设有密封圈槽V。Further, the outer surface of the impact bit is provided with a sealing ring groove IV, and the outer ring of the impact bit is provided with a sealing ring groove V.
进一步的,所述端盖与前部压水腔体通过焊接固定,所述前部压水腔体、中部活塞腔体、冲击活塞加速腔体和进水气接头之间通过磁性螺栓联接。Further, the end cap and the front pressure water chamber are fixed by welding, and the front pressure water chamber, the middle piston chamber, the impact piston acceleration chamber and the water inlet joint are connected by magnetic bolts.
进一步的,所述冲击活塞加速腔体尾端端面设有密封圈槽I,所述中部活塞腔体尾端端面设有密封圈槽II,所述前部压水腔体尾端端面设有密封圈槽III。Further, the end surface of the end portion of the impact piston accelerating cavity is provided with a sealing ring groove I, the end surface of the end portion of the central piston cavity is provided with a sealing ring groove II, and the end surface of the front pressurized water chamber body is sealed. Circle slot III.
进一步的,所述冲击活塞内部设有深孔,以降低冲击活塞重量,冲击活塞材料为铝合金或铜。Further, the impact piston is internally provided with a deep hole to reduce the weight of the impact piston, and the impact piston material is aluminum alloy or copper.
进一步的,所述气管采用钢丝气管,气管的钢丝层数不少于2,在高压水管和气管
外部包裹弹性橡胶套。Further, the gas pipe adopts a steel pipe, and the number of steel wires of the gas pipe is not less than 2, in the high pressure water pipe and the gas pipe
Externally wrapped elastic rubber cover.
有益效果:本发明采用气压驱动,整体尺寸小,结构简单紧凑,安装、拆卸方便,动力大,高压水密封简单、可靠,超高压脉冲射流辅助机械冲击可以实现普氏硬度系数极高的岩石钻孔或破碎。超高压脉冲射流可以很大程度地超前损伤岩石,降低岩石强度,最大限度地降低坚硬岩石的抗破碎能力,降低机械冲击破碎坚硬岩石的难度,提高冲击破岩设备钻进坚硬岩石的能力和效率。超高压脉冲射流不仅可以很好地抑制岩石破碎产生的粉尘,还能实现机械球齿破碎坚硬岩石,延长机械球齿的使用寿命,提高了能源资源的安全、高效开发,对我国矿山的可持续发展有重要的社会意义。Advantageous Effects: The invention adopts air pressure driving, has small overall size, simple and compact structure, convenient installation and disassembly, large power, simple and reliable high-pressure water sealing, and ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisting mechanical impact to realize rock drill with high Platts hardness coefficient. Hole or broken. The ultra-high pressure pulse jet can greatly damage the rock, reduce the rock strength, minimize the fracture resistance of the hard rock, reduce the difficulty of mechanical impact to break the hard rock, and improve the ability and efficiency of the impact rock breaking equipment to drill hard rock. . Ultra-high pressure pulse jet can not only suppress the dust generated by rock fragmentation, but also realize the mechanical ball tooth breaking hard rock, prolong the service life of mechanical ball teeth, improve the safe and efficient development of energy resources, and sustainable for mines in China. Development has important social significance.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明一种气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备剖视图;1 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisted impact rock breaking device of the present invention;
图2是本发明前部压水腔体主视图;Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the front pressurized water chamber of the present invention;
图3是本发明前部压水腔体左视图;Figure 3 is a left side view of the front pressurized water chamber of the present invention;
图4是本发明冲击钎头剖视图。Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the impact bit of the present invention.
图5是本发明中部活塞腔体剖视图;Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the central piston chamber of the present invention;
图6是本发明冲击活塞加速腔体剖视图;Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the impact piston accelerating cavity of the present invention;
图7是本发明进水气接头剖视图;Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the water inlet joint of the present invention;
图8是本发明水气组合管主视图;Figure 8 is a front view of the water and gas combination pipe of the present invention;
图中:1—空气压缩机;2—储气罐;3—低压给水泵;4—溢流阀;5—脉冲电磁阀;6-球阀;7—水气组合管;8—进水气接头;9—冲击活塞加速腔体;10—中部活塞腔体;11—前部压水腔体;12—单向阀;13—冲击钎头;14—弹簧;15—截止套;16—中部活塞;17—磁性螺栓;18—冲击活塞;19—冲击活塞缓冲垫;7-1—高压水管;7-2—弹性橡胶套;7-3—气管;8-1—进水口;8-2—进气口;8-3—水道I;8-4—凹槽II;8-5—气道;8-6—螺纹孔I;9-1—密封圈槽I;9-2—水道II;9-3—螺纹孔II;10-1—密封圈槽II;10-2—水道III;10-3—凹槽I;10-4—螺纹孔III;11-1—密封圈槽III;11-2—水道IV;11-3—孔槽;11-4—连通水道;11-5—螺纹孔IV;11-6—超高压水道;11-7—合金喷嘴球齿;11-8—合金球齿;11-9—过岩屑槽;11-10-端盖;11-11-压水槽;11-12—钎头装配孔;13-1—合金头体;13-2—钎头杆;13-3—密封圈槽IV;13-4—密封圈槽V;18-1—深孔。In the figure: 1—air compressor; 2—gas storage tank; 3—low pressure feed pump; 4—relieving valve; 5—pulse solenoid valve; 6-ball valve; 7—water and gas combination pipe; 8—inlet water connection ; 9 - impact piston acceleration cavity; 10 - middle piston cavity; 11 - front pressure water cavity; 12 - check valve; 13 - impact bit; 14 - spring; 15 - cutoff; ; 17 - magnetic bolt; 18 - impact piston; 19 - impact piston cushion; 7-1 - high pressure water pipe; 7-2 - elastic rubber cover; 7-3 - air pipe; 8-1 - water inlet; 8-2 - Air inlet; 8-3 - water channel I; 8-4 - groove II; 8-5 - air passage; 8-6 - threaded hole I; 9-1 - sealing ring groove I; 9-2 - water channel II; 9-3—Threaded hole II; 10-1—sealing ring groove II; 10-2—water channel III; 10-3—groove I; 10-4—threaded hole III; 11-1—seal ring groove III; -2 - water channel IV; 11-3 - hole trough; 11-4 - connecting water channel; 11-5 - threaded hole IV; 11-6 - ultra high pressure water channel; 11-7 - alloy nozzle ball teeth; 11-8 - alloy Ball teeth; 11-9-over-crushing trough; 11-10-end cover; 11-11-pressure trough; 11-12-bit assembly hole; 13-1-alloy head; 13-2-bit ; 13-3- ring groove IV; 13-4- ring groove V; 18-1- deep.
具体实施方式:detailed description:
下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。The invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings.
如图1所示,本发明的一种气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备,包括空气压缩机1、储气罐2、低压给水泵3、溢流阀4、脉冲电磁阀5、球阀6、水气组合管7、
进水气接头8、冲击活塞加速腔体9、中部活塞腔体10、前部压水腔体11、单向阀12、冲击钎头13、弹簧14、截止套15、中部活塞16、冲击活塞18、冲击活塞缓冲垫19。前部压水腔体11前端设有端盖11-10,前部压水腔体11尾端与中部活塞腔体10前端相连,中部活塞腔体10尾端与冲击活塞加速腔体9前端相连,冲击活塞加速腔体9尾端设有进水气接头8。As shown in FIG. 1 , a pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisted impact rock breaking device comprises an air compressor 1, a gas storage tank 2, a low pressure feed water pump 3, an overflow valve 4, and a pulse solenoid valve 5. , ball valve 6, water and gas combination pipe 7,
Inlet water connection 8, impact piston acceleration chamber 9, middle piston chamber 10, front pressurized water chamber 11, check valve 12, impact bit 13, spring 14, cut sleeve 15, middle piston 16, impact piston 18. Impact piston cushion 19. The front end of the front pressurized water chamber 11 is provided with an end cover 11-10, the rear end of the front pressurized water chamber 11 is connected to the front end of the central piston chamber 10, and the rear end of the central piston chamber 10 is connected to the front end of the impact piston accelerating chamber 9. The inlet end of the impact piston accelerating chamber 9 is provided with a water inlet joint 8.
如图1、2、5、6、7所示,所述端盖11-10与前部压水腔体11通过焊接固定。在前部压水腔体11尾端端面开设有螺纹孔IV11-5,在中部活塞腔体10前端及尾端端面开设有螺纹孔III10-4,在冲击活塞加速腔体9前端及尾端端面开设有螺纹孔II9-3,在进水气接头8前端端面开设有螺纹孔I8-6,进而将前部压水腔体11、中部活塞腔体10、冲击活塞加速腔体9和进水气接头8之间通过磁性螺栓17固定。为了保证前部压水腔体11、中部活塞腔体10、冲击活塞加速腔体9和进水气接头8之间连接处的密封性,所述冲击活塞加速腔体9尾端端面设有密封圈槽I9-1,所述中部活塞腔体10尾端端面设有密封圈槽II10-1,所述前部压水腔体尾端端面设有密封圈槽III11-1,在上述密封圈槽内安装有密封圈。As shown in Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, the end cap 11-10 and the front pressurized water chamber 11 are fixed by welding. A threaded hole IV11-5 is formed in the end surface of the front end of the pressurized water chamber 11, and a threaded hole III10-4 is formed at the front end and the end end of the central piston chamber 10, and the front end and the end end of the impact piston 9 are at the end of the impact piston. A threaded hole II9-3 is opened, and a threaded hole I8-6 is opened at the front end surface of the inlet water joint 8, and the front pressurized water chamber 11, the middle piston chamber 10, the impact piston accelerating chamber 9 and the water inlet gas are opened. The joints 8 are fixed by magnetic bolts 17. In order to ensure the tightness of the joint between the front pressurized water chamber 11, the middle piston chamber 10, the impact piston accelerating chamber 9 and the inlet water connection 8, the end surface of the impact piston accelerating chamber 9 is sealed. a ring groove I9-1, a rear end end face of the middle piston cavity 10 is provided with a seal ring groove 110-1, and a front end end face of the front pressurized water chamber is provided with a seal ring groove III11-1, in the above seal ring groove A sealing ring is installed inside.
如图1至4所示,端盖11-10中心开设有钎头装配孔11-12,端盖11-10圆周均布有若干过岩屑槽11-9,端盖11-10外侧端面交替布置数个合金喷嘴球齿11-7和合金球齿11-8,端盖11-10内侧端面开设有压水槽11-11,压水槽11-11底部开设有超高压水道11-6,超高压水道11-6与合金喷嘴球齿11-7连通,压水槽11-11侧壁开设有连通水道11-4,前部压水腔体11内腔设有冲击钎头13和弹簧14,冲击钎头13头部与钎头装配孔11-12配合,冲击钎头13头部前端镶嵌有合金头体13-1,冲击钎头13中部与前部压水腔体11内腔配合,弹簧14设置在冲击钎头13尾部,为保证冲击钎头13与端盖11-10以及前部压水腔体11之间的密封性,冲击钎头13头部外圆开设有密封圈槽IV13-3,冲击钎头13中部外圆开设有密封圈槽V13-4,在上述密封密封圈槽内安装有密封圈。在前部压水腔体11上开设有水道IV11-2,水道IV11-2与连通水道11-4通过单向阀12连通,单向阀12安装在水道IV11-2端部的孔槽11-3内,用于防止前部压水腔体11内部水流回流。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the end caps 11-10 are provided with a bit fitting hole 11-12 at the center, and the end caps 11-10 are evenly distributed with a plurality of cuttings grooves 11-9, and the outer end faces of the end caps 11-10 are alternately arranged. A plurality of alloy nozzle ball teeth 11-7 and alloy ball teeth 11-8 are arranged, and the inner end surface of the end cover 11-10 is provided with a pressure water tank 11-11, and the bottom of the pressure water tank 11-11 is provided with an ultrahigh pressure water channel 11-6, and an ultrahigh pressure The water channel 11-6 is in communication with the alloy nozzle ball 11-7, the side wall of the pressure water tank 11-11 is provided with a communication water channel 11-4, and the inner cavity of the front pressure water chamber 11 is provided with an impact bit 13 and a spring 14, impact brazing The head of the head 13 is matched with the mounting hole 11-12 of the bit. The front end of the head of the impact bit 13 is inlaid with the alloy head body 13-1. The middle portion of the impact bit 13 is matched with the inner cavity of the front pressurized water chamber 11, and the spring 14 is disposed. In order to ensure the tightness between the impact bit 13 and the end cap 11-10 and the front pressurized water chamber 11 at the end of the impact bit 13, the outer ring of the impact bit 13 is provided with a seal ring groove IV13-3. A seal ring groove V13-4 is formed in the outer circumference of the impact bit 13 in the middle of the periphery, and a seal ring is installed in the seal seal groove. A water passage IV11-2 is opened in the front pressurized water chamber 11, and the water passage IV11-2 is communicated with the communication water passage 11-4 through the check valve 12, and the check valve 12 is installed in the hole 11 at the end of the water passage IV11-2. 3, for preventing backflow of water inside the front pressurized water chamber 11.
如图1和5所示,中部活塞腔体10内腔前端设有凹槽I10-3,凹槽I10-3内嵌入截止套15,中部活塞腔体10内腔中部设置中部活塞16,中部活塞16前端穿过截止套15并与弹簧14相接触,通过截止套15防止中部活塞16从中部活塞腔体10内脱出,在中部活塞腔体10上开设有水道III10-2,水道III10-2连通水道IV11-2。本实施例中,所述凹槽I10-3断面为非圆形,这样可以防止截止套15与水道III10-2发生干涉,便于截止套15的安装,而且可以减少水道密封件的数量。
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the front end of the inner cavity of the central piston chamber 10 is provided with a groove I10-3, a recessed sleeve 15 is embedded in the recess I10-3, and a central piston 16 is disposed in the middle of the inner cavity of the central piston chamber 10. The front end of the 16 passes through the cut-off sleeve 15 and is in contact with the spring 14, and the middle piston 16 is prevented from coming out of the middle piston cavity 10 through the cut-off sleeve 15, and the water passage III10-2 is opened on the middle piston chamber 10, and the water passage III10-2 is connected. Waterway IV11-2. In the embodiment, the groove I10-3 has a non-circular cross section, which can prevent the cut sleeve 15 from interfering with the water channel III10-2, facilitate the installation of the cut sleeve 15, and reduce the number of water passage seals.
如图1和6所示,冲击活塞加速腔体9内腔设有冲击活塞18,所述冲击活塞18内部设有深孔18-1,以降低冲击活塞18重量,冲击活塞18材料为铝合金或铜。在冲击活塞加速腔体9上开设有水道II9-2,水道II9-2连通水道III10-2和水道I8-3。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the inner cavity of the impact piston accelerating cavity 9 is provided with an impact piston 18, and the impact piston 18 is internally provided with a deep hole 18-1 to reduce the weight of the impact piston 18. The material of the impact piston 18 is an aluminum alloy. Or copper. A water channel II9-2 is opened on the impact piston accelerating cavity 9, and a water channel II9-2 is connected to the water channel III10-2 and the water channel I8-3.
如图1和7所示,进水气接头8外侧端面设有进水口8-1和进气口8-2,进水气接头8内侧端面设有凹槽II8-4,凹槽II8-4内嵌入冲击活塞缓冲垫19,在进水气接头8上开设有水道I8-3和气道8-5,水道I8-3分别连通水道II9-2和进水口8-1,气道8-5分别连通冲击活塞加速腔体9内腔和进气口8-2。As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the outer end surface of the inlet water connection 8 is provided with a water inlet 8-1 and an air inlet 8-2, and the inner end surface of the inlet water connection 8 is provided with a groove II8-4, and the groove II8-4 The impact piston cushion 19 is embedded therein, and the water channel I8-3 and the air passage 8-5 are opened on the inlet water joint 8, and the water channel I8-3 is connected to the water channel II9-2 and the water inlet 8-1, respectively, and the air passage 8-5 respectively The connecting impact piston accelerates the cavity 9 and the intake port 8-2.
如图1和8所示,水气组合管7包括高压水管7-1和气管7-3,高压水管7-1分别连通进水口8-1和球阀6,球阀6通过溢流阀4与低压给水泵3相连,气管7-3分别连通进气口8-2和脉冲电磁阀5,脉冲电磁阀5通过储气罐2与空气压缩机1相连。本实施例中,所述气管7-3采用钢丝气管,气管7-3的钢丝层数不少于2,在高压水管7-1和气管7-3外部包裹弹性橡胶套7-2。As shown in Figures 1 and 8, the water-gas combination pipe 7 includes a high-pressure water pipe 7-1 and a gas pipe 7-3, respectively, and the high-pressure water pipe 7-1 communicates with the water inlet 8-1 and the ball valve 6, respectively, and the ball valve 6 passes through the relief valve 4 and the low pressure. The feed water pump 3 is connected, and the air pipes 7-3 are respectively connected to the intake port 8-2 and the pulse solenoid valve 5, and the pulse solenoid valve 5 is connected to the air compressor 1 through the air tank 2. In the present embodiment, the air pipe 7-3 is a steel pipe, and the number of the steel layers of the air pipe 7-3 is not less than 2, and the elastic rubber sleeve 7-2 is wrapped around the high pressure water pipe 7-1 and the air pipe 7-3.
空气压缩机1工作时,空气压缩机1形成压缩空气注入储气罐2形成压力稳定的压缩空气,压力稳定的压缩空气通过脉冲电磁阀5形成断续的压缩空气通入水气组合管7的气管7-3、进水气接头8的气道8-5,进而注入冲击活塞加速腔体9内作用于冲击活塞18,冲击活塞18受到压缩空气作用运动而冲击中部活塞16,中部活塞16冲击弹簧14和冲击钎头13,而使冲击钎头13破岩。低压给水泵3工作时,具有一定压力的水依次通入溢流阀4、球阀6、水气组合管7的高压水管7-1、进水气接头8的水道I8-3、冲击活塞加速腔体9的水道II9-2、中部活塞腔体10的水道III10-2、前部压水腔体11的水道IV11-2、单向阀12、连通水道11-4,进而引入端盖11-10的压水槽11-11内。空气压缩机1和低压给水泵3同时工作时,冲击钎头13受到冲击力的同时对压水槽11-11内的水瞬时增压通过合金喷嘴球齿11-7形成超高压脉冲射流冲击破岩。压水槽11-11内的水被瞬时增压的同时,相互联接的端盖11-10、前部压水腔体11、中部活塞腔体10、冲击活塞加速腔体9等受到向前的作用力而具有进给速度,使安装在端盖11-10的合金喷嘴球齿11-7和合金球齿11-8冲击破岩。When the air compressor 1 is in operation, the air compressor 1 forms compressed air to be injected into the gas storage tank 2 to form compressed air of stable pressure, and the compressed air of pressure stability forms intermittent gas flow through the pulse electromagnetic valve 5 to the gas pipe of the water and gas combination pipe 7. 7-3, the air passage 8-5 of the inlet water connection 8 is further injected into the impact piston acceleration chamber 9 to act on the impact piston 18, and the impact piston 18 is subjected to the action of compressed air to impact the middle piston 16, and the middle piston 16 impacts the spring. 14 and impact the bit 13 to break the rock. When the low-pressure feed water pump 3 is working, the water with a certain pressure flows into the overflow valve 4, the ball valve 6, the high-pressure water pipe 7-1 of the water-gas combination pipe 7, the water channel I8-3 of the water-intake joint 8, and the impact piston acceleration chamber. The water channel II9-2 of the body 9, the water channel III10-2 of the middle piston cavity 10, the water channel IV11-2 of the front pressurized water chamber 11, the check valve 12, the communication water channel 11-4, and the end cover 11-10 Inside the pressure tank 11-11. When the air compressor 1 and the low pressure feed pump 3 are working at the same time, the impact bit 13 is subjected to the impact force while instantaneously pressurizing the water in the press water tank 11-11 to form an ultrahigh pressure pulse jet impact rock breaking through the alloy nozzle ball 11-7. . While the water in the pressure water tank 11-11 is instantaneously pressurized, the interconnecting end caps 11-10, the front pressurized water chamber 11, the middle piston chamber 10, the impact piston accelerating chamber 9 and the like are subjected to the forward action. The force has a feed speed such that the alloy nozzle ball teeth 11-7 and the alloy ball teeth 11-8 mounted on the end caps 11-10 impact the rock.
利用本发明气动自进式超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击破岩设备岩石钻孔时,在压缩空气作用下,冲击活塞18瞬时加速而具有直线速度,冲击活塞18冲击中部活塞16使其具有一定的冲击力和速度。中部活塞16冲击弹簧14和冲击钎头13,进而使冲击钎头13破岩。低压给水泵3形成一定压力的水,通过水气组合管7的高压水管7-1、进水气接头8的水道I8-3、冲击活塞加速腔体9的水道II9-2、中部活塞腔体10的水道III10-2、前部压水腔体11的水道IV11-2、单向阀12,进而引入端盖11-10的压水槽11-11内。机械冲击破岩时,中部活塞16冲击弹簧14和冲击钎头13同时,冲击钎头13受到冲击
力的同时对压水槽11-11内的水瞬时增压通过超高压水道11-6,利用合金喷嘴球齿11-7形成瞬时超高压脉冲射流,超高压脉冲射流能够超前损伤冲击钎头13作用范围外的岩石。冲击钎头13对压水槽11-11内的水瞬时增压时,相互联接的端盖11-10、前部压水腔体11、中部活塞腔体10、冲击活塞加速腔体9等具有向前的作用力,使合金喷嘴球齿11-7和合金球齿11-8冲击破岩。When the pneumatic self-propelled ultra-high pressure pulse jet is used to assist the rock drilling of the rock breaking device, the impact piston 18 instantaneously accelerates under the action of compressed air and has a linear speed, and the impact piston 18 impacts the central piston 16 to have a certain impact. Force and speed. The central piston 16 strikes the spring 14 and the impact bit 13 to cause the impact bit 13 to break. The low pressure feed water pump 3 forms a certain pressure of water, passes through the high pressure water pipe 7-1 of the water gas combination pipe 7, the water channel I8-3 of the water inlet joint 8, the water channel II9-2 of the impact piston acceleration chamber 9, and the middle piston cavity The water channel III10-2 of 10, the water channel IV11-2 of the front pressurized water chamber 11, the check valve 12, and the like, are introduced into the pressure water tank 11-11 of the end cap 11-10. When the mechanical impact breaks the rock, the middle piston 16 impacts the spring 14 and the impact bit 13 simultaneously, and the impact bit 13 is impacted.
At the same time, the water in the pressure water tank 11-11 is instantaneously pressurized through the ultra-high pressure water channel 11-6, and the instantaneous ultra-high pressure pulse jet is formed by the alloy nozzle ball 11-7, and the ultra-high pressure pulse jet can advance the impact of the impact bit 13 Rocks outside the range. When the impact bit 13 instantaneously pressurizes the water in the water pressure tank 11-11, the end cap 11-10, the front pressurized water chamber 11, the middle piston chamber 10, the impact piston accelerating chamber 9, and the like are coupled to each other. The front force causes the alloy nozzle ball teeth 11-7 and the alloy ball teeth 11-8 to impact the rock.
利用弹簧14释放压缩弹性势能反向作用中部活塞16、冲击活塞18,当脉冲电磁阀5切断压缩空气供给时,冲击活塞18反向运动。当脉冲电磁阀5打开压缩空气供给时,冲击活塞18再一次作正向冲击运动,进而实现连续的超高压脉冲射流辅助冲击钎头13、合金喷嘴球齿11-7和合金球齿11-8冲击破岩。The release of the compressive elastic potential energy by the spring 14 adversely affects the central piston 16, the impact piston 18, and when the pulsed solenoid valve 5 cuts off the supply of compressed air, the impact piston 18 moves in the opposite direction. When the pulse solenoid valve 5 opens the supply of compressed air, the impact piston 18 performs a forward impact movement again, thereby achieving continuous ultra-high pressure pulse jet assisting impact bit 13, alloy nozzle ball teeth 11-7 and alloy ball teeth 11-8. Impact breaking rock.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can also make several improvements and retouchings without departing from the principles of the present invention. It should be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.