WO2018218607A1 - 激光焊接设备及其焊接方法 - Google Patents

激光焊接设备及其焊接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018218607A1
WO2018218607A1 PCT/CN2017/086842 CN2017086842W WO2018218607A1 WO 2018218607 A1 WO2018218607 A1 WO 2018218607A1 CN 2017086842 W CN2017086842 W CN 2017086842W WO 2018218607 A1 WO2018218607 A1 WO 2018218607A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
workpiece
laser
welding
welding apparatus
positioning plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/086842
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘昊
刘继国
冯伟贤
杨迅
李博
雷鹏飞
徐作斌
王瑾
高云峰
Original Assignee
大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司
Priority to CN201780001468.4A priority Critical patent/CN107690369A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/086842 priority patent/WO2018218607A1/zh
Publication of WO2018218607A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018218607A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser welding apparatus and a welding method therefor.
  • a laser welding head is usually driven by a three-axis motion platform to move along a preset path to weld a workpiece to be processed.
  • the three-axis motion platform includes a first motion platform, a second motion platform and a third motion platform.
  • the first motion platform drives the laser welding head to move along the first axis
  • the second motion platform drives the laser welding head to move along the second axis.
  • the motion platform drives the laser welding head to move along the third axis.
  • the preset path is rarely a straight line, and there are generally corners. Assuming that a certain corner is the boundary between the first axis and the second axis, when the first motion platform drives the laser welding head to move along the first axis to the corner, the first motion platform stops working, and then the second motion platform starts to drive. The laser welding head moves along the second axis. When welding the corner, if the first motion platform and the second motion platform still run at high speed, the first motion platform will be decelerated rapidly when the handover, and the second motion platform will accelerate rapidly. At this time, the second motion platform will Significant jitter occurs, which reduces the quality of the weld at the corners.
  • the worker in order to ensure that the weld quality meets the welding requirements, the worker often uses the method of limiting the moving speed of the three-axis moving platform to limit the welding speed of the laser welding head, that is, the worker usually uses a lower welding speed to weld the workpiece to be processed.
  • the workpiece while using a lower welding speed to weld the workpiece to be processed, will greatly reduce the processing efficiency of the workpiece.
  • a laser welding apparatus comprising:
  • a laser galvanometer welding head for emitting a laser beam to weld a workpiece, the laser galvanic welding head being coupled to the bracket and capable of deflecting the laser beam;
  • a translating assembly comprising a first motion platform capable of driving the movable plate to move in a first direction relative to the laser galvanometer welding head, and a movable plate extending in the first direction
  • the movable panel is provided with a plurality of mounting positions for fixing the workpiece, and the plurality of mounting positions are arranged along the first direction.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head is fixed during welding, and the workpiece is welded by the laser galvanometer welding head to deflect the laser beam.
  • the laser welding equipment removes the limitation of the welding speed of the conventional three-axis motion platform, and can realize high-speed welding, thereby improving the welding efficiency.
  • the translating assembly can realize the continuous operation of the pipeline type, the welding efficiency can be further improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a laser welding apparatus of an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a structural exploded view of the workpiece
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a welding path of a laser galvanometer welding head in the laser welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the laser welding apparatus shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a laser welding apparatus of another embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the jig of the laser welding apparatus shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of an imager and a laser galvanometer welding head in the laser welding apparatus shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the protective assembly of the laser welding apparatus shown in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing a laser welding method of an embodiment.
  • a laser welding apparatus 10 of an embodiment is used to emit a laser beam to weld a workpiece 20.
  • the workpiece 20 is an aluminum-shell lithium battery, and the laser welding apparatus 10 requires a battery cover 22 Soldered on the battery case 24.
  • the workpiece 20 can also be Other structures, such as bicycle or car parts, circuit boards, etc.
  • the laser welding apparatus 10 includes a bracket 100, a laser galvanometer welding head 200, and a translating assembly 300, wherein the laser galvanometer welding head 200 is coupled to a bracket 100 for deflecting a laser beam to change the exit of the laser beam
  • the direction changes the position of the spot of the laser beam formed on the surface of the workpiece 20.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head 200 can achieve welding within a certain range. That is, as long as the workpiece 20 is located within the welding range of the laser galvanometer welding head 200, even if the laser galvanic welding head 200 and the workpiece 20 are fixed, the laser galvanometer welding head 200 can weld the workpiece along a preset welding path. .
  • the welding range of the laser galvanometer welding head 200 is greater than or equal to 160 mm * 120 mm.
  • the translating assembly 300 includes a first motion platform 310 and a movable plate 320.
  • the first motion platform 310 is a structure of a servo motor driving a screw nut or a push rod motor structure.
  • the first motion platform 310 can drive the movable plate 320 relative to the laser galvanometer.
  • the welding head 200 moves in a first direction, which is the X-axis in FIG.
  • the movable plate 320 extends in the first direction.
  • the movable plate 320 is provided with a plurality of mounting positions 322 for fixing the workpiece 20, and the plurality of mounting positions 322 are arranged at intervals in the first direction. That is, a plurality of workpieces 20 can be mounted on the movable plate 320.
  • the first motion platform 310 drives the movable plate 320 to move a predetermined distance in the first direction, so that the next workpiece 20 to be welded is located at the laser.
  • the galvanometer welding head 200 is within the welding range.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head 200 is fixed at the time of welding, and the welding of the workpiece 20 is realized by the laser galvanometer welding head 200 deflecting the laser beam.
  • the laser welding apparatus 10 removes the limitation of the welding speed of the laser galvanometer welding head 200 by the conventional three-axis motion platform, and can realize 150-500 mm/s. High-speed welding (traditional welding speed of only 50-200mm / s), which can improve welding efficiency.
  • the pipelined continuous operation can be further implemented. Improve welding efficiency.
  • the mounting position of the laser galvanometer welding head 200 can be manually adjusted, and the mounting position is mainly determined by the galvanometer focal length.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head 200 enables the spot formed by the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece 20 to swing in a circular shape along a predetermined welding path. That is, when the spot is moving, a ring 32 is formed first, and then moved along the axis 34 to form a plurality of rings 32.
  • This method of stirring the metal bath by high speed can reduce the generation of pores and improve the welding yield.
  • the gap between the battery cover 22 and the battery case 24 is different, and due to the swing of the spot, the formed weld is wider, and the battery cover 22 can be better joined to the battery case 24.
  • the translating assembly 300 is provided with two groups, and the two sets of translating assemblies 300 are arranged along the second direction, the second direction is the Y axis in FIG. 1, and the second direction is The first direction is vertical. Moreover, the moving directions of the two movable panels 320 are opposite.
  • two movable panels are defined herein as a movable panel 320a and a movable panel 320b.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head 200 first welds the workpiece 20 on the movable plate 320a, at the same time, the worker or the robot will mount the workpiece 20 on the other movable plate 320b, and the first moving platform 310 and the movable plate 320b. The upper workpiece 20 is moved into the welding range of the laser galvanic welding head 200.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head 200 After the laser galvanometer welding head 200 completes the welding work on all the workpieces 20 on the movable plate 320a, the laser galvanometer welding head 200 deflects the laser beam so that the laser beam is incident on the workpiece 20 of the movable plate 320b. Next, the laser galvanometer welding head 200 starts welding the workpiece 20 on the movable plate 320b. This cycle operation greatly improves the welding efficiency.
  • the translation component 300 can also be set only one set (as shown in FIG. 5), or only one first motion platform 310 can be set, and one movable platform 310 drives two movable panels 320. Move to.
  • the laser welding apparatus 10 further includes a plurality of clips for gripping the workpiece 20.
  • a plurality of clamps 400 are fixedly coupled to the movable plate 320.
  • Each clamp 400 corresponds to a mounting location 322.
  • the clamp 400 includes a base 410, a first positioning plate 420, and a first clamping assembly 430.
  • the base 410 is disposed on the mounting position 322, and the first positioning plate 420 is disposed on the base 410.
  • the first clamping assembly The 430 is disposed opposite to the first positioning plate 420.
  • the first clamping component 430 includes a first driving component 432 and a first clamping block 434.
  • the first driving component 432 is coupled to the base 410 and the first clamping block 434.
  • the first driving component 432 can drive the first clamping block 434 to be adjacent to the first clamping block 434.
  • a positioning plate 420 is positioned to clamp the workpiece 20 between the first clamping block 434 and the first positioning plate 420.
  • the clamp 400 further includes a second positioning plate 440 and a second clamping assembly 450.
  • the second positioning plate 440 is disposed on the base 410 and perpendicular to the first positioning plate 420.
  • the second clamping component 450 is disposed opposite to the second positioning plate 440.
  • the second clamping component 450 includes a second driving component 452 and a second clamping block 454.
  • the second driving component 452 is connected to the base 410 and the second clamping block 454.
  • the second driving member 452 can drive the second clamping block 454 to be adjacent to the second positioning plate 440 to clamp the second clamping block 454 and the second positioning plate 440 to the workpiece 20.
  • first positioning plate 420 and the second positioning plate 440 are integrally formed. In other embodiments, the first positioning plate 420 and the second positioning plate 440 can also be disposed separately. In addition, the second positioning plate 440 and the second clamping assembly 450 may also be omitted.
  • the base 410 includes a fixing plate 412 for placing the workpiece 20, and the fixing plate 412 is spaced apart from the movable plate 320.
  • the first positioning plate 420 and the first driving member 432 are both mounted on the fixing plate 412.
  • the fixing plate 412 is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is located between the first positioning plate 420 and the first driving member 432.
  • the jig 400 further includes a third driving member 460 that can pass through the through hole and can drive the workpiece 20 to move in the third direction to move the workpiece 20 away from the fixing plate 412.
  • the third direction is In the Z axis of Figure 1, the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction. After the workpiece 20 is welded, the third driving member 460 can drive the workpiece up a distance, thereby facilitating the removal of the workpiece 20 by a worker or a robot.
  • the laser welding apparatus 10 further includes an imager 500 coupled to the bracket 100.
  • the imager 500 is configured to acquire the position coordinates of the workpiece 20 and transmit the position coordinates to the laser galvanometer welding.
  • the head 200 whereby the laser galvanometer welding head 200 is capable of adjusting the deflection direction of the laser beam in accordance with the position coordinates.
  • the imager 500 includes an image sensor 510 and a calculation module 520 for acquiring a contour image of a preset portion on the workpiece 20.
  • the image sensor 510 is coupled to the calculation module 520 and can transmit the contour image to the calculation module 520.
  • the calculation module 520 can acquire the position coordinates according to the contour image and can transmit the position coordinates to the laser galvanometer welding head 200.
  • the image sensor 510 takes a picture of the battery cover 22 to obtain a contour image of a preset portion (such as an explosion-proof valve or a pole) on the battery cover 22, and the calculation module 520 can determine the contour image according to the contour image.
  • the geometric center is sent to the laser galvanometer welding head 200 as the position coordinate of the battery.
  • the laser galvanometer welding head 200 adjusts the deflection direction of the laser beam according to the received position coordinates, so that the laser beam is The position of the spot formed on the battery cover 22 is more precise.
  • the welding path is constant, that is, the welding path input into the laser galvanometer welding head 200 in advance does not change.
  • the position of the part to be welded may be slightly deviated.
  • the laser welding apparatus 10 further includes a second motion platform 600, the second motion
  • the platform 600 is a structure in which a servo motor drives a screw nut or a push rod motor structure.
  • the second motion platform 600 is coupled to the bracket 100 and the imager 500.
  • the second motion platform 600 is capable of driving the imager 500 to move in the second direction.
  • the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the position of the imager 500 does not need to be changed (as shown in FIG. 5), but after replacing the workpieces of different specifications, it is necessary to adjust the imager 500 through the second motion platform 600.
  • the laser apparatus of the present embodiment is provided with two sets of translation assemblies 300, and the imager 500 can also be moved in the second direction to correspond to workpieces on different translation assemblies 300.
  • the imager 500 can also be provided with two corresponding to the two sets of translation components 300.
  • the second motion platform 600 can also be provided with two.
  • the laser welding apparatus 10 further includes a guard assembly 700 that is coupled to the bracket 100 for outputting a shielding gas to the surface of the workpiece 20 to prevent oxidation of the surface of the workpiece 20, so that the weld is welded.
  • the appearance is brighter.
  • the guard assembly 700 is also used to eliminate soot generated when the workpiece 20 is welded to prevent the soot from shielding the laser beam.
  • the protection component 700 includes a protection driving component 710 and a protective cover 720.
  • the shielding driving component 710 is mounted on the bracket 100 and connected to the protective cover 720.
  • the shielding driving component 710 can drive the protective cover 720 to approach or away from the workpiece in the third direction. 20.
  • the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the protective cover 720 is used for an external blowing device to output a shielding gas to the surface of the workpiece 20, and the protective cover 720 is also used for an external suction device to eliminate the smoke generated when the workpiece 20 is welded.
  • the protective cover 720 also functions to protect the human eye.
  • the shield driving member 710 drives the protective cover 720 to descend, so that the protective cover 720 is disposed on the workpiece 20.
  • the protective cover 720 starts to evacuate while outputting the shielding gas to the surface of the workpiece, and after one second, the laser galvanometer welding head 200 starts welding the workpiece 20.
  • the shield drive member 710 will drive the boot 720 to rise.
  • the first motion platform 310 transfers the next workpiece to the welding range of the laser galvanic welding head 200, and thus circulates.
  • the guard assembly 700 is also provided with two groups, which respectively correspond to the two sets of translation assemblies 300.
  • the protective cover 720 includes a first frame body 722, a second frame body 724 and a third frame body 726 which are stacked, and the third frame body 726 is used for the workpiece 20 to be pierced.
  • the air blowing device outputs a shielding gas to the cavity enclosed by the first frame body 722 and the second frame body 724, and the air suction device evacuates the cavity surrounded by the second frame body 724 and the third frame body 726.
  • the protection assembly 700 further includes a guide rail 730 and a connecting portion 740.
  • the guide rail 730 is connected to the bracket 100.
  • One end of the connecting portion 740 is slidably disposed on the rail 730, and the other end of the connecting portion 740 is connected to the protective cover 720.
  • the protective driving member 710 is connected by driving.
  • the portion 740 moves to drive the protective cover 720 to move.
  • the guide rail 730 can make the protective cover 720 more stable when it is moved.
  • the laser welding method includes the following steps:
  • step S100 the workpiece 20 is fixed on the mounting position 322. This can be done manually or by a robot.
  • step S200 the imager 500 acquires the position coordinates of the workpiece 20 and transmits the position coordinates to the laser galvanometer welding head 200.
  • step S300 the first motion platform 310 drives the movable plate 320 to move so that the workpiece 20 is located within the welding range of the laser galvanometer welding head 200.
  • step S400 the shield assembly 700 outputs a shielding gas to the surface of the workpiece 20 and performs a pumping process.
  • Step S500 the laser galvanometer welding head 200 deflects the laser beam and welds along the preset welding path. Item 20.
  • step S400 the external blowing device or the air suction device may be directly aligned with the surface of the workpiece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种激光焊接设备(10)包括支架(100)、激光振镜焊接头(200)及平移组件(300)。激光振镜焊接头(200)设于支架(100)上，且能够偏转激光束。平移组件(300)包括第一运动平台(310)及活动板(320)，第一运动平台(310)能驱动活动板(320)相对于激光振镜焊接头(200)沿第一方向移动。活动板(320)上设有多个用于固定工件的安装位(322)，多个安装位(322)沿第一方向间隔排布。该激光焊接设备解除了传统三轴运动平台对焊接速度的限制，能够实现高速焊接，从而提高焊接效率。

Description

激光焊接设备及其焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光焊接设备及其焊接方法。
背景技术
在激光焊接技术领域，激光焊接头通常由三轴运动平台带动而沿预设路径移动，以焊接待加工的工件。三轴运动平台包括第一运动平台、第二运动平台及第三运动平台，第一运动平台带动激光焊接头沿第一轴移动，第二运动平台带动激光焊接头沿第二轴移动，第三运动平台带动激光焊接头沿第三轴移动。
预设路径很少为直线，一般都存在拐角。假设某个拐角为第一轴与第二轴的交界，当第一运动平台带动激光焊接头沿第一轴移动至拐角处时，第一运动平台停止工作，紧接着，第二运动平台开始带动激光焊接头沿第二轴移动。在焊接拐角处时，若第一运动平台与第二运动平台仍以高速运行，在交接时，第一运动平台会急减速，第二运动平台则会急加速，此时，第二运动平台会发生明显的抖动，从而会降低拐角处的焊缝质量。因此，为了确保焊缝质量符合焊接要求，工作人员往往会采用限制三轴运动平台移动速度的方法，来限制激光焊接头的焊接速度，也即工作人员通常采用较低的焊接速度来焊接待加工的工件，而采用较低的焊接速度来焊接待加工的工件，会大大降低工件的加工效率。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种具有较高焊接效率的激光焊接设备及其焊接方法。
一种激光焊接设备，包括：
支架；
激光振镜焊接头，用于发射激光束以焊接工件，所述激光振镜焊接头与所述支架连接，且能够偏转所述激光束；以及
平移组件，包括第一运动平台及活动板，所述第一运动平台能驱动所述活动板相对于所述激光振镜焊接头沿第一方向移动，所述活动板沿所述第一方向延伸，所述活动板上设有用于固定所述工件的多个安装位，所述多个安装位沿所述第一方向间隔排布。
上述的激光焊接设备，焊接时固定激光振镜焊接头，通过激光振镜焊接头偏转激光束的方式实现对工件的焊接。相较于传统的通过三轴运动平台带动激光焊接头移动的焊接方式，激光焊接设备解除了传统三轴运动平台对焊接速度的限制，能够实现高速焊接，从而能提高焊接效率。而且通过设置平移组件，实现流水线式的连续作业，可以进一步提高焊接效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施方式的激光焊接设备的立体示意图；
图2为工件的结构***图；
图3为图1所示的激光焊接设备中激光振镜焊接头的焊接路径示意图；
图4为图1所示的激光焊接设备中的局部立体示意图；
图5为另一实施方式的激光焊接设备的立体示意图；
图6为图1所示的激光焊接设备中夹具的立体示意图；
图7为图1所示的激光焊接设备中成像器与激光振镜焊接头的模块图；
图8为图1所示的激光焊接设备中防护组件的立体示意图；
图9为一实施方式的激光焊接方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对激光焊接设备及其焊接方法进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了激光焊接设备及其焊接方法的首选实施例。但是，激光焊接设备及其焊接方法可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对激光焊接设备及其焊接方法的公开内容更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在激光焊接设备及其焊接方法的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请参考图1及图2，一实施方式的激光焊接设备10用于发射激光束以焊接工件20，在本实施方式中，工件20为铝壳锂电池，激光焊接设备10需要将电池盖板22焊接在电池壳体24上。在其他实施方式中，工件20还可以为 其他结构，比如自行车或汽车的零部件、电路板等。
激光焊接设备10包括支架100、激光振镜焊接头200及平移组件300，其中，激光振镜焊接头200与支架100连接，激光振镜焊接头200用于偏转激光束，以改变激光束的出射方向，进而改变激光束在工件20表面形成的光斑的位置。也就意味着，即使激光振镜焊接头200的位置固定，激光振镜焊接头200也能实现一定范围内的焊接。也即，只要工件20位于激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围内，即使激光振镜焊接头200与工件20均固定不动，激光振镜焊接头200也能沿预设焊接路径对工件进行焊接。在本实施方式中，激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围大于等于160mm*120mm。
平移组件300包括第一运动平台310及活动板320，第一运动平台310为伺服电机驱动丝杆螺母的结构或是推杆电机结构，第一运动平台310能驱动活动板320相对于激光振镜焊接头200沿第一方向移动，第一方向即为图1中的X轴。活动板320沿第一方向延伸。活动板320上设有用于固定工件20的多个安装位322，多个安装位322沿第一方向间隔排布。也即，活动板320上可以安装多个工件20，待一个工件20焊接完成后，第一运动平台310驱动活动板320沿第一方向移动预设距离，使得下一个待焊接的工件20位于激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围内。
本实施方式的激光焊接设备10，焊接时固定激光振镜焊接头200，通过激光振镜焊接头200偏转激光束的方式实现对工件20的焊接。相较于传统的通过三轴运动平台带动激光焊接头移动的焊接方式，激光焊接设备10解除了传统三轴运动平台对激光振镜焊接头200的焊接速度的限制，能够实现150-500mm/s的高速焊接(传统焊接速度仅有50-200mm/s)，从而能提高焊接效率。而且通过设置平移组件300，实现流水线式的连续作业，可以进一步 提高焊接效率。
值得一提的是，虽然激光振镜焊接头200与支架100固定连接，但激光振镜焊接头200的安装位置可以手动调整，安装位置主要由振镜焦距确定。
另外，如图3所示，激光振镜焊接头200能使得激光束在工件20表面形成的光斑沿预设焊接路径进行圆环形摆动。也即，光斑在移动时，先形成一个圆环32，再沿轴线34移动形成多个圆环32。这种通过高速搅拌金属熔池的方式能够减少气孔的产生，提高焊接良率。同时，电池盖板22与电池壳体24间的间隙不一，而由于光斑的摆动，形成的焊缝较宽，能使得电池盖板22与电池壳体24接合的更好。
进一步，同时结合图4，在本实施方式中，平移组件300设有两组，两组平移组件300沿第二方向间隔排布，第二方向即为图1中的Y轴，第二方向与第一方向垂直。而且，两个活动板320的移动方向相反。
为方便描述，在这里将两个活动板定义为活动板320a与活动板320b。激光振镜焊接头200会先对活动板320a上的工件20进行焊接，与此同时，工作人员或是机械手会在另一个活动板320b上安装工件20，第一运动平台310再将活动板320b上的工件20移动至激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围内。待激光振镜焊接头200完成了对活动板320a上所有工件20的焊接工作后，激光振镜焊接头200偏转激光束，使得激光束射在活动板320b的工件20上。接着，激光振镜焊接头200开始对活动板320b上的工件20进行焊接。如此循环操作，充分提高焊接效率。当然，在其他实施方式中，平移组件300也可以只设置一组(如图5所示)，或是只设置一个第一运动平台310，由一个第一运动平台310带动两个活动板320同向移动。
如图1及图6所示，激光焊接设备10还包括用于夹持工件20的多个夹 具400，多个夹具400与活动板320固定连接。每一夹具400对应于一个安装位322。
具体地，夹具400包括基座410、第一定位板420及第一夹持组件430，基座410设于安装位322上，第一定位板420设于基座410上，第一夹持组件430与第一定位板420相对设置。第一夹持组件430包括第一驱动件432及第一夹块434，第一驱动件432与基座410及第一夹块434连接，第一驱动件432能驱动第一夹块434靠近第一定位板420，以使第一夹块434与第一定位板420夹持住工件20。
为了使得工件20更为稳固，夹具400还包括第二定位板440及第二夹持组件450，第二定位板440设于基座410上，且与第一定位板420垂直。第二夹持组件450与第二定位板440相对设置，第二夹持组件450包括第二驱动件452及第二夹块454，第二驱动件452与基座410及第二夹块454连接，第二驱动件452能驱动第二夹块454靠近第二定位板440，以使第二夹块454与第二定位板440夹持住工件20。
在本实施方式中，第一定位板420与第二定位板440一体成型。在其他实施方式中，第一定位板420与第二定位板440还可以分开设置。另外，第二定位板440与第二夹持组件450还可以省略。
进一步，基座410包括固定板412，固定板412用于放置工件20，固定板412与活动板320间隔设置。第一定位板420与第一驱动件432均安装在固定板412上。固定板412上设有通孔，通孔位于第一定位板420与第一驱动件432之间。
夹具400还包括第三驱动件460，第三驱动件460能穿设于通孔，并能驱动工件20沿第三方向移动，以使工件20远离固定板412。第三方向即为 图1中Z轴，第三方向与第一方向垂直。待工件20焊接完后，第三驱动件460能驱动工件上升一段距离，从而便于工作人员或机械手取下工件20。
如图1及图7所示，激光焊接设备10还包括成像器500，成像器500与支架100连接，成像器500用于获取工件20的位置坐标，并能将位置坐标发送给激光振镜焊接头200，从而激光振镜焊接头200能够根据位置坐标调整激光束的偏转方向。
具体地，成像器500包括图像传感器510及计算模块520，图像传感器510用于获取工件20上预设部位的轮廓图像。图像传感器510与计算模块520连接，并能将轮廓图像发送给计算模块520，计算模块520能根据轮廓图像获取位置坐标，并能将位置坐标发送给激光振镜焊接头200。
以电池为例，图像传感器510会对电池盖板22进行拍照，以获得电池盖板22上预设部位(比如防爆阀或极柱)的轮廓图像，计算模块520能根据轮廓图像确定该轮廓图像的几何中心，并将该几何中心作为电池的位置坐标发送给激光振镜焊接头200，激光振镜焊接头200会根据接收到的位置坐标对激光束的偏转方向做出调整，使得激光束在电池盖板22上形成的光斑的位置更为精确。
对于同规格的工件来说，焊接路径是不变的，也就是说，提前输入在激光振镜焊接头200内的焊接路径是不会变化的。但不同的工件，由于加工误差等原因，待焊接的部位的位置可能存在些许偏差，为了使得焊接更为精确，就需要针对每个工件重新确定焊接起点，也就是激光束在经过激光振镜焊接头200的作用后在工件表面形成的光斑的起始位置。当然，若偏差较小，可以忽略不计时，成像器500可以省略。
在本实施方式中，激光焊接设备10还包括第二运动平台600，第二运动 平台600为伺服电机驱动丝杆螺母的结构或是推杆电机结构。第二运动平台600与支架100及成像器500连接，第二运动平台600能够驱动成像器500沿第二方向移动，第一方向、第二方向与第三方向三者之间两两垂直。
一般而言，对于同规格的工件来说，成像器500的位置是无需改变的(如图5所示)，但更换了不同规格的工件后，就需要通过第二运动平台600调整成像器500相对于工件的位置。另外，本实施方式的激光设备设有两组平移组件300，成像器500还可以沿第二方向移动以对应不同平移组件300上的工件。当然，成像器500还可以设置两个，分别对应两组平移组件300。相应地，第二运动平台600也可以设置两个。
如图8所示，激光焊接设备10还包括防护组件700，防护组件700与支架100连接，防护组件700用于向工件20的表面输出保护气体，以防止工件20的表面发生氧化，使焊缝外观更加光亮。防护组件700还用于排除焊接工件20时产生的烟尘，以防止烟尘屏蔽激光束。
具体地，防护组件700包括防护驱动件710及保护罩720，防护驱动件710安装于支架100上，且与保护罩720连接，防护驱动件710能驱动保护罩720沿第三方向靠近或远离工件20。第三方向与第一方向垂直。保护罩720用于外接吹气设备，以向工件20的表面输出保护气体，保护罩720还用于外接抽气设备，以排除焊接工件20时产生的烟尘。保护罩720还能起到保护人眼的作用。
待第一运动平台310驱动工件移动至激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围内时，防护驱动件710会驱动保护罩720下降，使得保护罩720罩设在工件20上。保护罩720向工件的表面输出保护气体的同时，开始抽气，1秒后，激光振镜焊接头200开始对工件20进行焊接。待焊接完成后，吹气设备与抽气 设备停止工作，防护驱动件710会驱动保护罩720上升。第一运动平台310将下一个工件移送至激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围内，如此循环。
在本实施方式中，防护组件700也设有两组，分别对应于两组平移组件300。
保护罩720包括层叠设置的第一框体722、第二框体724及第三框体726，第三框体726用于供工件20穿设。吹气设备向第一框体722和第二框体724围成的腔体内输出保护气体，抽气设备对第二框体724和第三框体726围成的腔体进行抽气。
防护组件700还包括导轨730及连接部740，导轨730与支架100连接，连接部740的一端滑动设置在导轨730上，连接部740的另一端与保护罩720连接，防护驱动件710通过驱动连接部740移动，进而带动保护罩720移动。导轨730能够使得保护罩720移动时更为稳定。
在本实施方式中，还提供了一种采用激光焊接设备10的激光焊接方法，如图9所示，该激光焊接方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S100，将工件20固定在安装位322上。该操作可由人工完成，也可由机械手完成。
步骤S200，成像器500获取工件20的位置坐标，并将位置坐标发送给激光振镜焊接头200。
步骤S300，第一运动平台310驱动活动板320移动，以使得工件20位于激光振镜焊接头200的焊接范围内。
步骤S400，防护组件700向工件20的表面输出保护气体，并进行抽气处理。
步骤S500，激光振镜焊接头200偏转激光束，并沿预设焊接路径焊接工 件20。
值得一提的是，对于同规格的工件20，由于加工误差大不，可以不用调整激光束的偏转方向，也即步骤S200可以省略。另外，步骤S400中，还可以直接将外接的吹气设备或是抽气设备对准工件的表面。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种激光焊接设备，包括：
    支架；
    激光振镜焊接头，用于发射激光束以焊接工件，所述激光振镜焊接头与所述支架连接，且能够偏转所述激光束；以及
    平移组件，包括第一运动平台及活动板，所述第一运动平台能驱动所述活动板相对于所述激光振镜焊接头沿第一方向移动，所述活动板沿所述第一方向延伸，所述活动板上设有用于固定所述工件的多个安装位，所述多个安装位沿所述第一方向间隔排布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述平移组件设有两组，两组所述平移组件沿第二方向间隔排布，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，还包括用于夹持所述工件的多个夹具，所述多个夹具与所述活动板固定连接，每一所述夹具对应于一个所述安装位。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述夹具包括基座、第一定位板及第一夹持组件，所述基座设于所述安装位上，所述第一定位板设于所述基座上，所述第一夹持组件与所述第一定位板相对设置，所述第一夹持组件包括第一驱动件及第一夹块，所述第一驱动件与所述基座及所述第一夹块连接，所述第一驱动件能驱动所述第一夹块靠近所述第一定位板，以使所述第一夹块与所述第一定位板夹持住所述工件。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述夹具还包括第二定位板及第二夹持组件，所述第二定位板设于所述基座上，且与所述第 一定位板垂直，所述第二夹持组件与所述第二定位板相对设置，所述第二夹持组件包括第二驱动件及第二夹块，所述第二驱动件与所述基座及所述第二夹块连接，所述第二驱动件能驱动所述第二夹块靠近所述第二定位板，以使所述第二夹块与所述第二定位板夹持住所述工件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述第一定位板与所述第二定位板一体成型。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述基座包括固定板，所述固定板用于放置所述工件，所述固定板与所述活动板间隔设置，所述第一定位板与所述第一驱动件均安装在所述固定板上，所述固定板上设有通孔，所述通孔位于所述第一定位板与所述第一驱动件之间；
    所述夹具还包括第三驱动件，所述第三驱动件能穿设于所述通孔，并能驱动所述工件沿第三方向移动，以使所述工件远离所述固定板，所述第三方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，还包括成像器，所述成像器与所述支架连接，所述成像器用于获取所述工件的位置坐标，并能将所述位置坐标发送给所述激光振镜焊接头。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，还包括第二运动平台，所述第二运动平台与所述支架及所述成像器连接，所述第二运动平台能够驱动所述成像器沿第二方向移动，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述成像器包括图像传感器及计算模块，所述图像传感器用于获取所述工件上预设部位的轮廓图像，所述图像传感器与所述计算模块连接，并能将所述轮廓图像发送给所述计算模块，所述计算模块能根据所述轮廓图像获取所述位置坐标，并 能将所述位置坐标发送给所述激光振镜焊接头。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，还包括防护组件，所述防护组件与所述支架连接，所述防护组件用于向所述工件的表面输出保护气体，以及排除焊接所述工件时产生的烟尘。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述防护组件包括防护驱动件及保护罩，所述防护驱动件安装于所述支架上，且与所述保护罩连接，所述防护驱动件能驱动所述保护罩沿第三方向靠近或远离所述工件，所述第三方向与所述第一方向垂直，所述保护罩用于向所述工件的表面输出保护气体，以及排除焊接所述工件时产生的烟尘。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述保护罩包括层叠设置的第一框体、第二框体及第三框体，所述第三框体用于供所述工件穿设。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述防护组件还包括导轨及连接部，所述导轨与所述支架连接，所述连接部的一端滑动设置在所述导轨上，所述连接部的另一端与所述保护罩连接，所述防护驱动件通过驱动所述连接部移动，进而带动所述保护罩移动。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于，所述激光振镜焊接头能使得所述激光束在所述工件表面形成的光斑沿预设焊接路径进行圆环形摆动。
  16. 一种激光焊接方法，包括：
    提供如权利要求1-15任一项所述的激光焊接设备；
    将所述工件固定在所述安装位上；
    所述第一运动平台驱动所述活动板移动，以使得所述工件位于所述激光 振镜焊接头的焊接范围内；以及
    所述激光振镜焊接头偏转激光束，并沿预设焊接路径焊接所述工件。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一运动平台驱动所述活动板移动，以使得所述工件位于所述激光振镜焊接头的焊接范围内之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述成像器获取所述工件的位置坐标，并将所述位置坐标发送给所述激光振镜焊接头。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一运动平台驱动所述活动板移动，以使得所述工件位于所述激光振镜焊接头的焊接范围内之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述防护组件向所述工件的表面输出保护气体，并进行抽气处理。
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