WO2018201442A1 - 外转子式电机 - Google Patents

外转子式电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018201442A1
WO2018201442A1 PCT/CN2017/083192 CN2017083192W WO2018201442A1 WO 2018201442 A1 WO2018201442 A1 WO 2018201442A1 CN 2017083192 W CN2017083192 W CN 2017083192W WO 2018201442 A1 WO2018201442 A1 WO 2018201442A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
rotor
annular
type motor
annular flange
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/083192
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱涛
Original Assignee
罗伯特·博世有限公司
朱涛
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 罗伯特·博世有限公司, 朱涛 filed Critical 罗伯特·博世有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/083192 priority Critical patent/WO2018201442A1/zh
Priority to CN201780090167.3A priority patent/CN110574261B/zh
Publication of WO2018201442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018201442A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electric machines, and more particularly to outer rotor type electric machines.
  • the outer rotor type motor has a wide range of uses due to its compact structure.
  • outer rotor type motors such as hub motors are increasingly used in electric vehicles such as electric scooters, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles or electric vehicles.
  • the biggest feature of the hub motor is that the power, transmission and braking devices can be integrated into the hub, thus greatly simplifying the mechanical structure of the electric vehicle.
  • the heat dissipation problem of the hub motor becomes very important.
  • the cooling performance of the hub motor often becomes a bottleneck that limits its rated power. If the cooling performance of the hub motor can be effectively increased, the hub motor can be allowed to have a larger rated power.
  • an outer rotor type motor comprising:
  • stator fixedly disposed on the shaft about the shaft, wherein the stator includes a yoke portion formed by stacking a plurality of stator core pieces together and located radially inward of the yoke portion for a yoke fixedly supporting a support portion on the shaft, the yoke portion is formed with a plurality of winding teeth radially outward, and a winding is wound around each of the winding teeth;
  • first end cover and the second end cover respectively comprise a disc-shaped body, and a center of the disc-shaped body is formed with a through hole for receiving the first bearing or the second bearing
  • first The end cap and the second end cap further respectively include an outer edge portion on a radially outer side of the through hole inside the disc body, and a radially outer side and the outer edge portion of the through hole
  • An annular flange extending radially inwardly toward the support portion, the outer edge portion for contacting the rotor and coupled to the rotor, the rotor, the first end cap being located in the ring a radially outer portion of the flange, the annular flange of the first end cap, a portion of the second end cap located radially outward of the annular flange, and an annular flange of the second end cap
  • An annular chamber is defined having an annular slit, the yoke being located in the annular chamber, the support passing through the annular slit, the annular chamber being
  • the coolant located in the annular chamber will be significantly reduced from the winding Increase the heat dissipation efficiency of the outer rotor type motor to the thermal resistance of the outer cover type motor, thereby increasing the outer rotor type without increasing the size of the outer rotor type motor The power density of the motor.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a hub motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a hub motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a hub motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an end cap of an in-wheel motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of the other side of the end cap shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an axial cross-sectional view of a hub motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • an in-wheel motor 1 includes a shaft 10, a stator 20 surrounding the shaft 10 and fixedly disposed on the shaft 10, and a surrounding shaft 10 disposed radially outward of the stator 20.
  • the rotor 30, the first end cap 50 located axially to the left of the stator 20 and fixedly connected to the rotor 30, for example by bolts 40, and the axially right side of the stator 20 and fixedly connected to the rotor 30, for example by bolts 40
  • the second end cap 60 There is a gap between the inner surface of the first end cap 50 and the stator 20 and between the inner surface of the second end cap 60 and the stator 20.
  • Both ends of the shaft 10 can be supported on, for example, a frame (not shown).
  • the first end cover 50 and the second end cover 60 are rotatably supported on the shaft 10 by first and second bearings 11 and 12, respectively, provided on the shaft 10 on both sides of the stator 20.
  • the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60 together with at least a portion of the rotor 30 define an interior space of the hub motor 1 in which the stator 20 is located.
  • the stator 20 located radially inward of the rotor 30 includes a yoke portion 21 formed by stacking a plurality of stator core pieces, and a radially inner side of the yoke portion 21 for fixedly supporting the yoke portion 21 on the shaft 10.
  • Support portion 23 The yoke portion 21 includes a plurality of winding teeth 25 formed radially outward, and windings 27 are wound around each of the winding teeth 25, respectively.
  • the support portion 23 is disk-shaped, and it can be fixedly coupled to the yoke portion 21 by a connection such as welding or a close fitting.
  • the support portion 23 may be hollowed out to form a plurality of openings 23b between adjacent spokes 23a.
  • the plurality of openings 23b are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the support portion 23 having the spokes 23a can not only reliably support the yoke portion 21 but also allow the airflow or the coolant to smoothly pass.
  • the plurality of openings 23b may also be a plurality of circular or other shaped holes formed in the support portion 23.
  • the hub motor 1 also typically includes a hub 70 that is radially outward of the rotor 30 and that rotates with the rotor.
  • a hub 70 that is radially outward of the rotor 30 and that rotates with the rotor.
  • the hub 70 is shown as being integrally formed with the rotor 30 in the figures, the hub 70 may be formed separately from the rotor 30 and fixedly coupled together by welding or a close fit or the like.
  • first and “second” in “first end cap” and “second end cap” are used for convenience of description only, and do not constitute a special limitation of the end cap itself.
  • the first end cap may also be an end cap located on the axially right side of the stator.
  • the second end cap may be an end cap located on the axial left side of the stator, that is, the first end. The position of the cover and the second end cap can be interchanged.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of one end cap of an in-wheel motor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the other side of the end cap shown in FIG. Since the structures of the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60 are identical, it is assumed that the end caps shown in Figures 4 and 5 are the first end caps 50.
  • the first end cap 50 includes a disc-shaped body 51 which is preferably curved in a domed shape toward the inner side of the end cap and has a through hole 53 in which a bearing is formed at the center.
  • the first end cover 50 further includes an outer edge portion 55 which is inside the disk-shaped body 51 (here, the inner side refers to the side toward the inside of the motor in the assembled state) and is located radially outward of the through hole 53. Outer edge portion 55 when assembled It is used in contact with the rotor 30 and is connected to the rotor 30.
  • the first end cap 50 further includes an annular flange 57 extending between the radially outer side of the through hole 53 and the radially inner side of the outer edge portion 55 toward the inner side of the end cap (for example, toward the support portion 23).
  • the rotor 30, the first end cap 50 is located radially outward of the annular flange 57, the annular flange 57 of the first end cap 50, and the second end cap 60 are located radially outward of the annular flange 57.
  • the portion and the annular flange of the second end cap 60 together define an annular chamber 80 in which the yoke 21 of the stator 20 is located.
  • An annular slit 81 through which the support portion 23 of the stator 20 extends is formed between the annular flange 57 of the first end cap 50 and the annular flange 57 of the second end cap 60.
  • annular flange 57 of the first end cap 50 and the annular flange 57 of the second end cap 60 and the support portion 23 of the stator 20 such that the first end cap 50 and the first end cap 50 having the annular flange 57
  • the two end caps 60 rotate with the rotor 30 with respect to the stator 20.
  • the annular flange 57 is disposed substantially in the radially inner side of the yoke portion 21 of the stator 20.
  • the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60 rotate with the rotor 30 relative to the stator 20, between the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60 between the outer edge portion 55 and the annular flange 57.
  • the cooling liquid phase is partially moved by the frictional force to the stator 20 within the annular chamber 80 and dispersed within the annular chamber 80.
  • the yoke portion 21 of the stator 20 having the winding 27 located in the annular chamber 80 is in contact with the coolant, and the coolant transfers the heat generated by the winding 27 of the yoke portion 21 to the first end cover 50 and the second end cover 60, And in turn, it is dissipated into the surrounding environment by the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60.
  • the agitation device 90 is only disposed at the first end cap 50 and One of the second end caps 60 is also possible.
  • the agitation means 90 are shown as a plurality of agitating ribs 91 disposed between the outer edge portion 55 and the annular flange 57 spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the agitating rib extends from the outer edge portion 55 to the annular flange 57.
  • the agitating ribs not only serve to agitate the coolant, but also enhance the strength of the end cap and also function as a heat transfer.
  • the agitation device 90 can be in any other suitable form as long as it is capable of distributing the coolant as evenly as possible within the annular chamber 80 as the end cap rotates.
  • the agitation device 90 is a straight agitating rib, it being understood that the agitation device 90 can be an arcuate or wavy agitating rib.
  • the coolant can be distributed as evenly as possible within the annular chamber 80, even completely filling the annular chamber 80, and uniformly transferring heat.
  • the amount of coolant filled is substantially equal to the volume of the annular chamber 80.
  • the yoke 21 of the stator 20 with the windings 27 can be completely submerged in the coolant at least partially or even completely, and the heat generated by the windings 27 of the yoke 21 can be quickly transferred to the coolant and passed through the coolant.
  • the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60 are ultimately dispensed into the surrounding environment by the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60.
  • a plurality of conductive ribs 93 extending from the annular flange 57 toward the center of the end cap and spaced apart from one another may be disposed on the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60.
  • the conductive ribs not only increase the heat transfer surface area, but also enhance the strength of the end cap.
  • heat dissipating means such as heat dissipating ribs 95 may be disposed on the outer surfaces of the first end cover 50 and the second end cover 60, so that the first end cover and the second end cover may be more fully integrated with the external environment. Heat exchange and strengthen the strength of the end cap.
  • a rotary seal 97 is usually mounted between the shaft 10 on the outer side of the bearing and the end cap.
  • the cooling liquid phase is in the annular chamber 80 for the stator 20 during operation of the motor.
  • the interior moves and is dispersed within the annular chamber 80.
  • the yoke portion 21 of the stator 20 having the winding 27 located in the annular chamber 80 is in contact with the coolant, and the coolant transfers the heat generated by the winding 27 of the yoke portion 21 to the first end cover 50 and the second end cover 60. And, in turn, is dissipated into the surrounding environment by the first end cap 50 and the second end cap 60.
  • Heat transfer due to coolant The rate is significantly greater than the thermal conductivity of the air.
  • the coolant located in the annular chamber 80 will significantly reduce the thermal resistance from the winding to the end cap, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the outer rotor type motor, thereby enabling the size of the outer rotor motor not to be increased.
  • the power density of the outer rotor type motor is increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

一种外转子式电机，包括：轴(10)；固定设置在轴(10)上的定子(20)，定子(20)包括轭部(21)和将轭部(21)固定支撑在轴(10)上的支撑部(23)；在定子(20)径向外侧的转子(30)；可转动地支撑在轴(10)上并与转子(30)固定连接的第一端盖(50)和第二端盖(60)；第一端盖(50)和第二端盖(60)包括在盘形本体内侧处于通孔的径向外侧的外边缘部分、以及在通孔的径向外侧和外边缘部分的径向内侧之间向着支撑部(23)延伸的环形凸缘，外边缘部分与转子(30)接触并连接到转子(30)上，转子(30)、第一端盖(50)位于环形凸缘径向外侧的部分、第一端盖(50)的环形凸缘、第二端盖(60)位于环形凸缘径向外侧的部分和第二端盖(60)的环形凸缘一起限定具有环形狭缝(81)的环形腔室(80)，轭部(21)位于环形腔室(80)中，支撑部(23)穿过环形狭缝(81)，环形腔室(80)至少部分地填充冷却液。该外转子式电机能显著地提高电机的散热效果。

Description

外转子式电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机，尤其是涉及外转子式电机。
背景技术
外转子式电机由于其紧凑的结构而具有广泛的用途。尤其是随着对环境保护的重视，诸如轮毂电机的外转子式电机越来越广泛地被应用在诸如电动滑板车、电动自行车、电动摩托车或电动汽车等的电动车辆中。轮毂电机的最大特点是可以将动力、传动和制动装置都整合到轮毂内，因此可以使电力车辆的机械结构大大简化。但是，由于轮毂电机的结构比较紧凑，使得轮毂电机的散热问题变得非常重要。轮毂电机的冷却性能经常成为制约其额定功率的瓶颈。如果能够将轮毂电机的冷却性有效提升，可允许轮毂电机具有更大的额定功率。
用于轮毂电机的传统冷却方法包括强制液体冷却法和自然空气冷却法。对于强制液体冷却法而言，通常需要采用泵和散热器来将轮毂电机产生的热量排出。对于自然空气冷却法而言，通常通过空气与两个端盖的表面之间的自然对流来将热量散发到空气中。当采用外转子式轮毂电机时，由于绕组支撑在位于该轮毂电机内部的定子上，用于绕组散热的热传递路径需要通过轴和通过定子与端盖之间形成的气隙，这导致了绕组和外部环境之间存在很高的热阻。因而，期望减小前述热阻来提高轮毂电机的性能。
因此，需要对现有的外转子式电机进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要克服上述现有技术中的至少一种缺陷，提出一种改进的外转子式电机，这种外转子式电机能够显著地降低从绕组到端盖的热阻，提高外转子式电机的散热效率，从而能够在不增大外转子式电机尺 寸的情况下增大外转子式电机的功率密度。
为此，根据本发明的一方面，提供一种外转子式电机，包括：
轴；
围绕所述轴固定地设置在所述轴上的定子，其中，所述定子包括由多个定子铁芯片叠置在一起构成的轭部以及位于所述轭部的径向内侧并用于将所述轭部固定地支撑在所述轴上的支撑部，所述轭部径向向外地形成有多个绕组齿，在每个所述绕组齿上分别绕有绕组；
围绕所述轴设置在所述定子的径向外侧的转子；
通过第一轴承被可转动地支撑在所述轴上并且与所述转子固定地连接的第一端盖；以及
通过第二轴承被可转动地支撑在所述轴上并且与所述转子固定地连接的第二端盖，所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖与所述转子的至少一部分共同限定所述外转子式电机的内部空间；
其中，所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖分别包括盘形本体，所述盘形本体的中心形成有安放所述第一轴承或所述第二轴承的通孔，所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖还分别包括在所述盘形本体内侧处于所述通孔的径向外侧的外边缘部分、以及在所述通孔的径向外侧和所述外边缘部分的径向内侧之间向着所述支撑部延伸的环形凸缘，所述外边缘部分用于与所述转子接触并且连接到所述转子上，所述转子、所述第一端盖位于所述环形凸缘径向外侧的部分、所述第一端盖的所述环形凸缘、所述第二端盖位于所述环形凸缘径向外侧的部分和所述第二端盖的环形凸缘一起限定具有环形狭缝的环形腔室，所述轭部位于所述环形腔室中，所述支撑部穿过所述环形狭缝，所述环形腔室至少部分地填充有冷却液。
根据本发明，由于冷却液能够相对于定子在环形腔室内运动并且分散在环形腔室内、以及冷却液的热传导率明显大于空气的热传导率，位于环形腔室中的冷却液将显著地降低从绕组到端盖的热阻，提高外转子式电机的散热效率，从而能够在不增大外转子式电机尺寸的情况下增大外转子式 电机的功率密度。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的主视图；
图2是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的侧视图；
图3是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的***图；
图4是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的一个端盖的示意立体图；
图5是图4所示端盖的另一侧的示意立体图；以及
图6是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机轴向剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合示例详细描述本发明的优选实施例。本领域技术人员应理解的是，这些示例性实施例并不意味着对本发明形成任何限制。
图1是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的主视图，图2是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的侧视图，图3是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的***图，以及图6是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机轴向剖视图。如图1-3和6所示，根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机1包括轴10、围绕轴10并且固定地设置在轴10上的定子20、围绕轴10设置在定子20的径向外侧的转子30、位于定子20的轴向左侧并且例如通过螺栓40与转子30固定地连接的第一端盖50、以及位于定子20的轴向右侧并且例如通过螺栓40与转子30固定地连接的第二端盖60。第一端盖50的内表面和定子20之间以及第二端盖60的内表面和定子20之间均存在间隙。轴10的两端能够被支撑在例如车架(未示出)上。第一端盖50和第二端盖60分别通过设置在定子20两侧的轴10上的第一轴承11和第二轴承13被可转动地支撑在轴10上。第一端盖50和第二端盖60与转子30的至少一部分共同限定轮毂电机1的内部空间，定子20位于该内部空间中。
位于转子30的径向内侧的定子20包括由多个定子铁芯片叠置在一起构成的轭部21、以及位于轭部21的径向内侧并用于将轭部21固定地支撑在轴10上的支撑部23。轭部21包括径向向外地形成的多个绕组齿25，在每个绕组齿25上分别绕有绕组27。支撑部23为盘状，它与轭部21可以通过诸如焊接或紧密配合等连接方式被固定地连接在一起。支撑部23可以被镂空，从而在相邻辐条23a之间形成多个开口23b。优选地，多个开口23b沿着圆周方向均匀地分布。具有辐条23a的支撑部23不仅可以可靠地支撑轭部21，而且还允许气流或冷却液流畅地通过。应理解的是，多个开口23b也可以是形成在支撑部23上的多个圆形或其它形状的孔。这样，在电机通电之后，转子30以及与转子30固定地连接的第一端盖50和第二端盖60能够绕着定子20和轴10转动。
轮毂电机1通常还包括位于转子30径向外侧并且随着转子转动的轮毂70。尽管在图中轮毂70被显示为与转子30形成为一体，但是轮毂70可以与转子30分开地形成并且通过焊接或紧密配合等方式被固定地连接在一起。
在本申请中，“第一端盖”和“第二端盖”中的“第一”和“第二”仅是为了描述方便而采用的，并不构成对端盖本身的特殊限定。例如，第一端盖也可以是位于所述定子的轴向右侧的端盖，此时，第二端盖可以是位于所述定子的轴向左侧的端盖，也即，第一端盖和第二端盖的位置可以互换。
图4是根据本发明优选实施例的轮毂电机的一个端盖的示意立体图，图5是图4所示端盖的另一侧的示意立体图。由于第一端盖50和第二端盖60的结构完全相同，因此假定图4和图5所示端盖为第一端盖50。如图4所示，第一端盖50包括盘形本体51，盘形本体51优选地向着端盖内侧弯曲呈圆拱形形状并且在中心形成有安放轴承的通孔53。第一端盖50还包括在盘形本体51内侧(这里的内侧是指在装配状态时朝向电机内部的一侧)并且处于通孔53的径向外侧的外边缘部分55。在装配时，外边缘部分55 用于与转子30接触并且连接到转子30上。第一端盖50还包括在通孔53的径向外侧和外边缘部分55的径向内侧之间向着端盖内侧(例如向着支撑部23)延伸的环形凸缘57。这样，在装配状态下，转子30、第一端盖50位于环形凸缘57径向外侧的部分、第一端盖50的环形凸缘57、第二端盖60位于环形凸缘57径向外侧的部分和第二端盖60的环形凸缘一起限定定子20的轭部21位于其中的环形腔室80。第一端盖50的环形凸缘57和第二端盖60的环形凸缘57之间形成有定子20的支撑部23由其延伸穿过的环形狭缝81。第一端盖50的环形凸缘57和第二端盖60的环形凸缘57与定子20的支撑部23之间存在一定间隙83，从而使得具有环形凸缘57的第一端盖50和第二端盖60随同转子30一起相对于定子20转动。优选地，环形凸缘57大体紧邻定子20的轭部21的径向内侧设置。
尽管在第一端盖50和第二端盖60与转子30的至少一部分共同限定的轮毂电机1的整个内部空间中充满诸如油的冷却液是可行的，但这样不仅显著增加成本，而且还将增大端盖和转子转动的阻力、以及增大整个电机的重量。根据本发明，只需在轮毂电机1的内部空间中填充最多充满环形腔室80的冷却液就可以了。在电机停止运行时，冷却液通过第一端盖50和第二端盖60的环形凸缘57与支撑部23之间的间隙83流到电机的内部空间的下部。当电机运行时，第一端盖50和第二端盖60随同转子30一起相对于定子20转动，第一端盖50和第二端盖60上外边缘部分55与环形凸缘57之间的部分通过摩擦力导致冷却液相对于定子20在环形腔室80内运动并且分散在环形腔室80内。这样，位于环形腔室80的具有绕组27的定子20的轭部21与冷却液接触，冷却液将轭部21的绕组27所产生的热量传递给第一端盖50和第二端盖60，并且进而通过第一端盖50和第二端盖60散发到周围环境中。
为了使得电机运行时冷却液在环形腔室80内更加均匀地分布，可以在第一端盖50和第二端盖60上外边缘部分55与环形凸缘57之间的部分上设置用于搅动冷却液的搅动装置90。搅动装置90只设置在第一端盖50和 第二端盖60中的一个上也是可行的。在优选实施例中，搅动装置90被显示为沿着周向相互间隔开地设置在外边缘部分55与环形凸缘57之间的多个搅动肋91。优选地，搅动肋从外边缘部分55延伸到环形凸缘57。这样，搅动肋不仅起到搅动冷却液，而且还可以加强端盖的强度，并且还能够起到传热的作用。应当理解的是，搅动装置90可以是任何其它合适的形式，只要它能够随着端盖转动而使得冷却液在环形腔室80内尽可能均匀地分布即可。例如，在优选实施例中，搅动装置90为直的搅动肋，应理解的是，搅动装置90可以为弧形或波浪形的搅动肋。
通过采用搅动装置90，可以使冷却液在环形腔室80内尽可能均匀地分布，甚至完全充满环形腔室80，并且均匀地传热。优选地，冷却液的填充量大体上等于环形腔室80的容积。这样，具有绕组27的定子20的轭部21可以至少部分地或甚至完全地完全浸没在冷却液中，轭部21的绕组27所产生的热量可以快速地传递到冷却液、并且经过冷却液传递给第一端盖50和第二端盖60，最终通过第一端盖50和第二端盖60散发到周围环境中。
为了进一步加强传热效果，可以在第一端盖50和第二端盖60上设置从环形凸缘57向着端盖的中心延伸并且相互间隔开的多个传导肋93。传导肋不仅增大了传热表面积，而且也加强了端盖的强度。类似地，第一端盖50和第二端盖60的外表面上也可以设置诸如散热肋95的散热装置，从而使得所述第一端盖和第二端盖可以与外部环境进行更充分的热交换、并且加强端盖的强度。此外，为了防止冷却液通过轴承渗出，通常在轴承外侧的轴10与端盖之间安装有旋转密封件97。
根据本发明，通过设置定子20的轭部21位于其中的环形腔室80、并且在环形腔室80中至少部分地填充冷却液，在电机运行时，冷却液相对于定子20在环形腔室80内运动并且分散在环形腔室80内。这样，位于环形腔室80中的具有绕组27的定子20的轭部21与冷却液接触，冷却液将轭部21的绕组27所产生的热量传递给第一端盖50和第二端盖60，并且进而通过第一端盖50和第二端盖60散发到周围环境中。由于冷却液的热传导 率明显大于空气的热传导率，位于环形腔室80中的冷却液将显著地降低从绕组到端盖的热阻，提高外转子式电机的散热效率，从而能够在不增大外转子式电机尺寸的情况下增大外转子式电机的功率密度。
以上结合具体实施例对本发明进行了详细描述。显然，以上描述以及在附图中示出的实施例均应被理解为是示例性的，而不构成对本发明的限制。例如，尽管在优选实施例中外转子式电机被描述为轮毂电机，应理解的是本发明也适用于诸如风扇电机等的其它外转子式电机。对于本领域技术人员而言，可以在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下对其进行各种变型或修改，这些变型或修改均不脱离本发明的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种外转子式电机(1)，包括：
    轴(10)；
    围绕所述轴(10)固定地设置在所述轴(10)上的定子(20)，其中，所述定子(20)包括由多个定子铁芯片叠置在一起构成的轭部(21)以及位于所述轭部(21)的径向内侧并用于将所述轭部(21)固定地支撑在所述轴(10)上的支撑部(23)，所述轭部(21)径向向外地形成有多个绕组齿(25)，在每个所述绕组齿(25)上分别绕有绕组(27)；
    围绕所述轴(10)设置在所述定子(20)的径向外侧的转子(30)；
    通过第一轴承(11)被可转动地支撑在所述轴(10)上并且与所述转子(30)固定地连接的第一端盖(50)；以及
    通过第二轴承(13)被可转动地支撑在所述轴(10)上并且与所述转子(30)固定地连接的第二端盖(60)，所述第一端盖(50)和所述第二端盖(60)与所述转子(30)的至少一部分共同限定所述外转子式电机的内部空间；
    其中，所述第一端盖(50)和所述第二端盖(60)分别包括盘形本体(51)，所述盘形本体(51)的中心形成有安放所述第一轴承(11)或所述第二轴承(13)的通孔(53)，所述第一端盖(50)和所述第二端盖(60)还分别包括在所述盘形本体(51)内侧处于所述通孔(53)的径向外侧的外边缘部分(55)、以及在所述通孔(53)的径向外侧和所述外边缘部分(55)的径向内侧之间向着所述支撑部(23)延伸的环形凸缘(57)，所述外边缘部分(55)用于与所述转子(30)接触并且连接到所述转子(30)上，所述转子(30)、所述第一端盖(50)位于所述环形凸缘(57)径向外侧的部分、所述第一端盖(50)的所述环形凸缘(57)、所述第二端盖(60)位于所述环形凸缘(57)径向外侧的部分和所述第二端盖(60)的环形凸缘一起限定具有环形狭缝(81)的环形腔室(80)，所述轭部(21)位于所述环 形腔室(80)中，所述支撑部(23)穿过所述环形狭缝(81)，所述环形腔室(80)至少部分地填充有冷却液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，在所述第一端盖(50)和所述第二端盖(60)中的至少一个的所述外边缘部分(55)与所述环形凸缘(57)之间的部分上设置用于搅动冷却液的搅动装置(90)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，所述搅动装置(90)包括沿着周向相互间隔开地设置在所述外边缘部分(55)与所述环形凸缘(57)之间的多个搅动肋(91)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，所述搅动肋(91)从所述外边缘部分(55)延伸到所述环形凸缘(57)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，在所述第一端盖(50)和/或所述第二端盖(60)上还设置有从所述环形凸缘(57)向着中心延伸并且相互间隔开的多个传导肋(93)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，在所述第一端盖(50)和/或所述第二端盖(60)的外表面上设置有散热装置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，所述环形凸缘(57)紧邻所述轭部(21)的径向内侧设置。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，所述支撑部(23)上形成有多个开口(23b)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，冷却液的填充量等于所述环形腔室(80)的容积。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的外转子式电机(1)，其特征在于，所述外转子式电机是轮毂电机，并且还包括设置在所述转子(30)径向外侧并且随着所述转子转动的轮毂(70)。
PCT/CN2017/083192 2017-05-05 2017-05-05 外转子式电机 WO2018201442A1 (zh)

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