WO2018184800A1 - Turbo compressor, in particular for a fuel cell system - Google Patents

Turbo compressor, in particular for a fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018184800A1
WO2018184800A1 PCT/EP2018/056348 EP2018056348W WO2018184800A1 WO 2018184800 A1 WO2018184800 A1 WO 2018184800A1 EP 2018056348 W EP2018056348 W EP 2018056348W WO 2018184800 A1 WO2018184800 A1 WO 2018184800A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compressor
fuel cell
shaft
cell system
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/056348
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vadim Kuzovich
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2018184800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018184800A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/005—Cooling of pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • Turbocompressor in particular for a fuel cell system
  • Prior art Turbocompressors for a fuel cell system are known from the prior art, for example from the published patent application DE 10 2012 224 052 A1.
  • the known turbo-compressor has a shaft drivable by a drive device. On the shaft, a compressor and an exhaust gas turbine are arranged.
  • the turbocompressor according to the invention has a higher efficiency, in particular if it is used in a fuel cell system. Furthermore, it can achieve a reduction of the bearing load and an improvement of the temperature balance.
  • the turbocompressor comprises a shaft which can be driven by a drive device.
  • a compressor and an exhaust gas turbine are arranged on the shaft.
  • a further compressor is arranged on the shaft.
  • the compressor and the further compressor form a common flow path, so that a working fluid can be compressed more than with just one compressor.
  • the working fluid is an oxidizing agent of a fuel cell system.
  • bearings are effectively cooled with the working fluid.
  • the compressor, the further compressor and the exhaust gas turbine are each rotor wheels, for example radial rotor.
  • the exhaust gas turbine is in another
  • the compressor and the further compressor are arranged in an air supply line of a fuel cell system, and the exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust pipe of the fuel cell system.
  • the air supply line serves for the inflow of the oxidizing agent into a fuel cell
  • the exhaust gas line serves to remove the oxidizing agent or the reacted oxidizing agent or a mixture thereof from the fuel cell.
  • the drive device has a stator and a rotor, so it is preferably designed as an electric motor.
  • the rotor is arranged on the shaft between the compressor and the further compressor. Thereby, the rotor can be effectively cooled with the working fluid delivered by the two compressors.
  • the shaft is rotatably mounted on both sides of the rotor by means of a respective bearing.
  • the bearings can be designed both as a rolling bearing and as a sliding bearing.
  • the compressor on one side of the rotor and the further compressor and the exhaust gas turbine are arranged on the other side of the rotor.
  • the bearing load for both bearings is about the same size, it can even be used identical bearings.
  • the compressor and the further compressor are axially flowed and designed to be radially outflow.
  • the two compressors are thus designed as radial runners.
  • the two compressors can therefore be considered as centrifugal pumps. As a result, comparatively high delivery pressures can be achieved.
  • the oxidant of the fuel cell can be supplied with a pressure of several bar.
  • the exhaust gas turbine is preferably also designed as a radial runner.
  • the described embodiments of the turbocompressor are preferably used in a fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system has a
  • a fuel cell an air supply line for supplying an oxidizing agent in the fuel cell and an exhaust pipe for discharging the oxidizing agent from the fuel cell.
  • the discharged oxidant may have reacted completely or partially chemically in the fuel cell.
  • the compressor and the further compressor of the turbocompressor are arranged in the air supply line.
  • the exhaust gas turbine of the turbocompressor is arranged in the exhaust pipe.
  • the two pressure stages through the two compressors are particularly effective in the air supply line;
  • a rotor or electric motor of the turbocompressor can be cooled via the supply line. Furthermore, even the bearings of the shaft can be cooled.
  • the reacted oxidant emanating from the fuel cell can be used very effectively as a power source for the exhaust gas turbine.
  • the fuel cell system may preferably be adapted to a
  • the fuel cell system 1 comprises a fuel cell 2, an air supply line 3, an exhaust pipe 4, a compressor 1 1, an exhaust gas turbine 13, a bypass valve 5 for pressure reduction and a feed line not shown in detail for fuel to the fuel cell 2.
  • the bypass valve 5, for example, a control valve be.
  • a bypass valve 5 for example, a wastegate valve can be used.
  • the fuel cell 2 is a galvanic cell that converts chemical reaction energy of a fuel supplied via the fuel supply line, not shown, and an oxidant into electrical energy, as shown here
  • the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 2 drives an electric motor of the
  • the compressor 1 1 is arranged in the air supply line 3.
  • the exhaust gas turbine 13 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 4.
  • the compressor 1 1 and the exhaust gas turbine 13 are mechanically connected via a shaft 14.
  • the shaft 14 is electrically driven by a drive device 20.
  • the exhaust gas turbine 13 serves to support the drive device 20 for driving the shaft 14 or the compressor 11.
  • the compressor 1 1, the shaft 14 and the exhaust gas turbine 13 together form a turbo-compressor 10.
  • the turbocompressor 10 includes the drive device 20, the compressor 1 1, the exhaust turbine 13 and another compressor 12.
  • the compressor 1 1, the further compressor 12 and the exhaust turbine 13 are arranged on the common shaft 14 so that they rotate upon rotation of the shaft 14 rotate in the same way.
  • the drive device 20 is designed as an electric motor and comprises a rotor 22 and a stator 21.
  • the rotor 22 is likewise arranged on the shaft 14.
  • the stator 21 is stationarily positioned in a housing, not shown, of the turbocompressor 10.
  • the shaft 14 is rotatably mounted on both sides of the drive device 20 by means of a respective bearing 15.
  • An air duct 31 is designed as part of the air supply line 3 so that it leads from the outside into the turbo compressor 10, there flows axially into the compressor 1 1 and radially out of the compressor 1 1, further to the other compressor 12 leads, there also axially in the further compressor 12 opens and leads radially from the further compressor 12 and then leads out of the turbocompressor 10. After that leads the
  • the exhaust pipe 4 in turn leads from the fuel cell 2 into the turbocompressor 10, flows there radially into the exhaust gas turbine 13 and leads axially out of the exhaust gas turbine 13 in order to subsequently lead out of the turbocharger 10 again.
  • the compressor 1 1, the further compressor 12 and the exhaust gas turbine 13 with respect to their flow guides and pressure gradients can be designed so that the resulting axial force on the shaft 14 during operation of the turbocompressor 10 is almost zero.
  • the turbocompressor 10 is thus pressure balanced so that the bearings 15 have to absorb almost no axial forces.
  • turbocompressor 10 may also be used for both turbocompressor 10

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbo compressor (10), in particular for a fuel cell system (1). The turbo compressor (10) comprises a shaft (14) that can be driven by a drive device (20). A compressor (11) and an exhaust gas turbine (13) are mounted on the shaft (14). An additional compressor (12) is also mounted on the shaft (14).

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Turbokompressor, insbesondere für ein Brennstoffzellensvstem Stand der Technik Turbokompressoren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, beispielsweise aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 224 052 A1. Der bekannte Turbokompressor weist eine von einer Antriebsvorrichtung antreibbare Welle auf. Auf der Welle sind ein Verdichter und eine Abgasturbine angeordnet.  Turbocompressor, in particular for a fuel cell system Prior art Turbocompressors for a fuel cell system are known from the prior art, for example from the published patent application DE 10 2012 224 052 A1. The known turbo-compressor has a shaft drivable by a drive device. On the shaft, a compressor and an exhaust gas turbine are arranged.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Turbokompressor weist demgegenüber eine höhere Effizienz auf, insbesondere wenn er in einem Brennstoffzellensystem verwendet wird. Weiterhin kann er eine Verringerung der Lagerbelastung und eine Verbesserung des Temperaturhaushalts erzielen. In contrast, the turbocompressor according to the invention has a higher efficiency, in particular if it is used in a fuel cell system. Furthermore, it can achieve a reduction of the bearing load and an improvement of the temperature balance.
Dazu umfasst der Turbokompressor eine von einer Antriebsvorrichtung antreibbare Welle. Auf der Welle sind ein Verdichter und eine Abgasturbine angeordnet. Weiterhin ist auf der Welle ein weiterer Verdichter angeordnet. Der Verdichter und der weitere Verdichter bilden einen gemeinsamen Strömungspfad aus, so dass ein Arbeitsfluid stärker verdichtet werden kann als mit nur einem Verdichter. Beispielsweise ist das Arbeitsfluid dabei ein Oxidationsmittel eines Brennstoffzellensystems. Durch diese Anordnung können weitere zwischen dem Verdichter und dem weiteren Verdichter angeordnete Bauteile, For this purpose, the turbocompressor comprises a shaft which can be driven by a drive device. On the shaft, a compressor and an exhaust gas turbine are arranged. Furthermore, a further compressor is arranged on the shaft. The compressor and the further compressor form a common flow path, so that a working fluid can be compressed more than with just one compressor. For example, the working fluid is an oxidizing agent of a fuel cell system. By this arrangement, further between the compressor and the further compressor components arranged,
beispielsweise Lager, wirkungsvoll mit dem Arbeitsfluid gekühlt werden. For example, bearings are effectively cooled with the working fluid.
Vorzugsweise sind der Verdichter, der weitere Verdichter und die Abgasturbine jeweils Läuferräder, beispielsweise Radialläufer. Die Abgasturbine ist in einem weiteren Preferably, the compressor, the further compressor and the exhaust gas turbine are each rotor wheels, for example radial rotor. The exhaust gas turbine is in another
Strömungspfad angeordnet bzw. im gleichen Strömungspfad stromabwärts einer Flow path arranged or in the same flow path downstream of a
Brennstoffzelle, so dass sie das reagierte Oxidationsmittel, also quasi das Abgas der Brennstoffzelle, als Energiequelle nutzt. Durch die Abgasturbine wird somit die Fuel cell, so that they react the oxidizing agent, so to speak, the exhaust gas of the Fuel cell, uses as an energy source. By the exhaust gas turbine is thus the
Antriebsvorrichtung entlastet. Relieves drive device.
In vorteilhaften Ausführungen sind der Verdichter und der weitere Verdichter in einer Luftzuführungsleitung eines Brennstoffzellensystems angeordnet, und die Abgasturbine in einer Abgasleitung des Brennstoffzellensystems. Die Luftzuführungsleitung dient dabei der Zuströmung des Oxidationsmittels in eine Brennstoffzelle, und die Abgasleitung dient der Abfuhr des Oxidationsmittels bzw. des reagierten Oxidationsmittels bzw. einem Gemisch daraus aus der Brennstoffzelle. In advantageous embodiments, the compressor and the further compressor are arranged in an air supply line of a fuel cell system, and the exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust pipe of the fuel cell system. The air supply line serves for the inflow of the oxidizing agent into a fuel cell, and the exhaust gas line serves to remove the oxidizing agent or the reacted oxidizing agent or a mixture thereof from the fuel cell.
In vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen weist die Antriebsvorrichtung einen Stator und einen Rotor auf, ist vorzugsweise also als Elektromotor ausgeführt. Der Rotor ist auf der Welle zwischen dem Verdichter und dem weiteren Verdichter angeordnet. Dadurch kann der Rotor wirkungsvoll mit dem durch die beiden Verdichter geförderten Arbeitsfluid gekühlt werden. In advantageous developments, the drive device has a stator and a rotor, so it is preferably designed as an electric motor. The rotor is arranged on the shaft between the compressor and the further compressor. Thereby, the rotor can be effectively cooled with the working fluid delivered by the two compressors.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Welle dabei zu beiden Seiten des Rotors mittels je eines Lagers rotierbar gelagert. Die Lager können dazu sowohl als Wälzlager als auch als Gleitlager ausgeführt sein. Vorzugsweise sind der Verdichter auf der einen Seite des Rotors und der weitere Verdichter und die Abgasturbine auf der anderen Seite des Rotors angeordnet. Dadurch ist die Lagerbelastung für beide Lager etwa gleich groß, es können sogar baugleiche Lager verwendet werden. Advantageously, the shaft is rotatably mounted on both sides of the rotor by means of a respective bearing. The bearings can be designed both as a rolling bearing and as a sliding bearing. Preferably, the compressor on one side of the rotor and the further compressor and the exhaust gas turbine are arranged on the other side of the rotor. As a result, the bearing load for both bearings is about the same size, it can even be used identical bearings.
In vorteilhaften Ausführungen sind der Verdichter und der weitere Verdichter axial anströmbar und radial abströmbar ausgeführt. Die beiden Verdichter sind somit als Radialläufer ausgeführt. Die beiden Verdichter können daher als Kreiselpumpen betrachtet werden. Dadurch können vergleichsweise hohe Förderdrücke erzielt werden. Für eine Anwendung in einem Brennstoffzellensystem kann das Oxidationsmittel der Brennstoffzelle so mit einem Druck von mehreren bar zugeführt werden. In advantageous embodiments of the compressor and the further compressor are axially flowed and designed to be radially outflow. The two compressors are thus designed as radial runners. The two compressors can therefore be considered as centrifugal pumps. As a result, comparatively high delivery pressures can be achieved. For an application in a fuel cell system, the oxidant of the fuel cell can be supplied with a pressure of several bar.
In vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen sind der Verdichter und der weitere Verdichter axial aus entgegen gerichteten Richtungen anströmbar. Dadurch können die fluidisch wirksamen Kräfte auf die beiden Verdichter bzw. auf deren Laufräder in axialer Richtung In advantageous developments of the compressor and the further compressor can be flowed axially from opposite directions. This allows the fluidically effective forces on the two compressors or on the wheels in the axial direction
ausgeglichen werden. Vorzugsweise ist es so, dass dazu auch noch das Laufrad der Abgasturbine berücksichtigt wird und die resultierende Axialkraft auf die Welle nahezu Null ist, so dass die Anforderungen an ein Axiallager sehr gering sind bzw. sogar von Radiallagern übernommen werden können. Die Abgasturbine ist dazu vorzugsweise ebenfalls als Radialläufer ausgeführt. be compensated. Preferably, it is such that even the impeller of the exhaust gas turbine is taken into account and the resulting axial force on the shaft is almost zero, so that the requirements for a thrust bearing are very low or even of Radial bearings can be adopted. The exhaust gas turbine is preferably also designed as a radial runner.
Die beschriebenen Ausführungen des Turbokompressors sind vorzugsweise in einem Brennstoffzellensystem eingesetzt. Das Brennstoffzellensystem weist eine The described embodiments of the turbocompressor are preferably used in a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system has a
Brennstoffzelle, eine Luftzuführungsleitung zum Zuführen eines Oxidationsmittels in die Brennstoffzelle und eine Abgasleitung zum Abführen des Oxidationsmittels aus der Brennstoffzelle auf. Das abgeführte Oxidationsmittel kann dabei in der Brennstoffzelle vollständig oder teilweise chemisch reagiert haben. Der Verdichter und der weitere Verdichter des Turbokompressors sind in der Luftzuführungsleitung angeordnet. Und die Abgasturbine des Turbokompressors ist in der Abgasleitung angeordnet. Die beiden Druckstufen durch die beiden Verdichter sind in der Luftzuführungsleitung besonders wirksam; zusätzlich kann ein Rotor bzw. Elektromotor des Turbokompressors über die Zuführungsleitung gekühlt werden. Weiterhin können so auch noch die Lager der Welle gekühlt werden. Das aus der Brennstoffzelle ausströmende reagierte Oxidationsmittel kann sehr wirkungsvoll als Leistungsquelle für die Abgasturbine verwendet werden.  A fuel cell, an air supply line for supplying an oxidizing agent in the fuel cell and an exhaust pipe for discharging the oxidizing agent from the fuel cell. The discharged oxidant may have reacted completely or partially chemically in the fuel cell. The compressor and the further compressor of the turbocompressor are arranged in the air supply line. And the exhaust gas turbine of the turbocompressor is arranged in the exhaust pipe. The two pressure stages through the two compressors are particularly effective in the air supply line; In addition, a rotor or electric motor of the turbocompressor can be cooled via the supply line. Furthermore, even the bearings of the shaft can be cooled. The reacted oxidant emanating from the fuel cell can be used very effectively as a power source for the exhaust gas turbine.
Das Brennstoffzellensystem kann vorzugsweise dazu eingerichtet sein, eine The fuel cell system may preferably be adapted to a
Antriebsvorrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs anzutreiben. Drive drive device of a motor vehicle.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Weitere optionale Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele, welche in den Figuren schematisch dargestellt sind. Further optional details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the figures.
Es zeigen: Figur 1 schematisch ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem Turbokompressor aus dem 1 shows schematically a fuel cell system with a turbo compressor from the
Stand der Technik,  State of the art,
Figur 2 schematisch einen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Turbokompressor. Figure 2 schematically shows a section through a turbocompressor according to the invention.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Erfindung Fig.1 zeigt ein aus der DE 10 2012 224 052 A1 bekanntes Brennstoffzellensystem 1 . Das Brennstoffzellensystem 1 umfasst eine Brennstoffzelle 2, eine Luftzuführungsleitung 3, eine Abgasleitung 4, einen Verdichter 1 1 , eine Abgasturbine 13, ein Bypassventil 5 zur Druckabsenkung und eine nicht näher gezeigte Zuführungsleitung für Brennstoff zu der Brennstoffzelle 2. Das Bypassventil 5 kann beispielsweise eine Regelklappe sein. Als Bypassventil 5 kann beispielsweise ein Wastegate-Ventil eingesetzt werden. Detailed description of the invention 1 shows a fuel cell system 1 known from DE 10 2012 224 052 A1. The fuel cell system 1 comprises a fuel cell 2, an air supply line 3, an exhaust pipe 4, a compressor 1 1, an exhaust gas turbine 13, a bypass valve 5 for pressure reduction and a feed line not shown in detail for fuel to the fuel cell 2. The bypass valve 5, for example, a control valve be. As a bypass valve 5, for example, a wastegate valve can be used.
Die Brennstoffzelle 2 ist eine galvanische Zelle, die chemische Reaktionsenergie eines über die nicht gezeigte Brennstoffzuführungsleitung zugeführten Brennstoffes und eines Oxidationsmittels in elektrische Energie wandelt, das bei der hier gezeigten The fuel cell 2 is a galvanic cell that converts chemical reaction energy of a fuel supplied via the fuel supply line, not shown, and an oxidant into electrical energy, as shown here
Ausführungsform Ansaugluft ist, die über die Luftzuführungsleitung 3 der Brennstoffzelle 2 zugeführt wird. Der Brennstoff kann vorzugsweise Wasserstoff oder Methan oder Methanol sein. Entsprechend entsteht als Abgas Wasserdampf oder Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid. Die Brennstoffzelle 2 ist beispielsweise eingerichtet, eine Embodiment is intake air, which is supplied via the air supply line 3 of the fuel cell 2. The fuel may preferably be hydrogen or methane or methanol. Accordingly, the exhaust gas is water vapor or water vapor and carbon dioxide. The fuel cell 2 is set up, for example
Antriebsvorrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs anzutreiben. Beispielsweise treibt die durch die Brennstoffzelle 2 erzeugte elektrische Energie dabei einen Elektromotor des  Drive drive device of a motor vehicle. For example, the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 2 drives an electric motor of the
Kraftfahrzeugs an. Der Verdichter 1 1 ist in der Luftzuführungsleitung 3 angeordnet. Die Abgasturbine 13 ist in der Abgasleitung 4 angeordnet. Der Verdichter 1 1 und die Abgasturbine 13 sind über eine Welle 14 mechanisch verbunden. Die Welle 14 ist von einer Antriebsvorrichtung 20 elektrisch antreibbar. Die Abgasturbine 13 dient der Unterstützung der Antriebsvorrichtung 20 zum Antreiben der Welle 14 bzw. des Verdichters 1 1 . Der Verdichter 1 1 , die Welle 14 und die Abgasturbine 13 bilden zusammen einen Turbokompressor 10. Motor vehicle on. The compressor 1 1 is arranged in the air supply line 3. The exhaust gas turbine 13 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 4. The compressor 1 1 and the exhaust gas turbine 13 are mechanically connected via a shaft 14. The shaft 14 is electrically driven by a drive device 20. The exhaust gas turbine 13 serves to support the drive device 20 for driving the shaft 14 or the compressor 11. The compressor 1 1, the shaft 14 and the exhaust gas turbine 13 together form a turbo-compressor 10.
Erfindungsgemäß werden nun die Effizienz und die Lebensdauer des Turbokompressors 10 verbessert. Dazu zeigt Fig.2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Turbokompressor 10, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem Brennstoffzellensystem 1 . Der Turbokompressor 10 umfasst die Antriebsvorrichtung 20, den Verdichter 1 1 , die Abgasturbine 13 und einen weiteren Verdichter 12. Der Verdichter 1 1 , der weitere Verdichter 12 und die Abgasturbine 13 sind auf der gemeinsamen Welle 14 angeordnet, so dass sie bei Rotation der Welle 14 in gleicher Weise rotieren. Die Antriebsvorrichtung 20 ist als Elektromotor ausgeführt und umfasst einen Rotor 22 und einen Stator 21. Der Rotor 22 ist ebenfalls auf der Welle 14 angeordnet. Der Stator 21 ist ortsfest in einem nicht dargestellten Gehäuse des Turbokompressors 10 positioniert. Die Welle 14 ist zu beiden Seiten der Antriebsvorrichtung 20 mittels je eines Lagers 15 drehbar gelagert. According to the invention, the efficiency and the life of the turbocompressor 10 are now improved. 2 shows a turbocompressor 10 according to the invention, in particular for use in a fuel cell system 1. The turbocompressor 10 includes the drive device 20, the compressor 1 1, the exhaust turbine 13 and another compressor 12. The compressor 1 1, the further compressor 12 and the exhaust turbine 13 are arranged on the common shaft 14 so that they rotate upon rotation of the shaft 14 rotate in the same way. The drive device 20 is designed as an electric motor and comprises a rotor 22 and a stator 21. The rotor 22 is likewise arranged on the shaft 14. The stator 21 is stationarily positioned in a housing, not shown, of the turbocompressor 10. The shaft 14 is rotatably mounted on both sides of the drive device 20 by means of a respective bearing 15.
Ein Luftkanal 31 ist als Teil der Luftzuführungsleitung 3 so gestaltet, dass er von außen in den Turbokompressor 10 führt, dort in den Verdichter 1 1 axial mündet und radial aus dem Verdichter 1 1 führt, weiter zum weiteren Verdichter 12 führt, dort ebenfalls axial in den weiteren Verdichter 12 mündet und radial aus dem weiteren Verdichter 12 führt und anschließend aus dem Turbokompressor 10 herausführt. Danach führt die An air duct 31 is designed as part of the air supply line 3 so that it leads from the outside into the turbo compressor 10, there flows axially into the compressor 1 1 and radially out of the compressor 1 1, further to the other compressor 12 leads, there also axially in the further compressor 12 opens and leads radially from the further compressor 12 and then leads out of the turbocompressor 10. After that leads the
Luftzuführungsleitung 3 in die Brennstoffzelle 2, welche in der Fig.2 allerdings nicht dargestellt ist. Die Abgasleitung 4 wiederum führt von der Brennstoffzelle 2 in den Turbokompressor 10, mündet dort radial in die Abgasturbine 13 und führt axial aus der Abgasturbine 13, um anschließend wieder aus dem Turbokompressor 10 herauszuführen. Air supply line 3 in the fuel cell 2, which is not shown in Figure 2, however. The exhaust pipe 4 in turn leads from the fuel cell 2 into the turbocompressor 10, flows there radially into the exhaust gas turbine 13 and leads axially out of the exhaust gas turbine 13 in order to subsequently lead out of the turbocharger 10 again.
Durch den Einsatz des weiteren Verdichters 12 kann die über die Luftzuführungsleitung 3 angesaugte Luft - bzw. das angesaugte Oxidationsmittel - stärker komprimiert werden, als wenn nur ein einziger Verdichter 1 1 in dem Turbokompressor 10 vorhanden wäre. Weiterhin können der Verdichter 1 1 , der weitere Verdichter 12 und die Abgasturbine 13 bezüglich ihrer Strömungsführungen und Druckgradienten so gestaltet werden, dass die resultierende axiale Kraft auf die Welle 14 im Betrieb des Turbokompressors 10 nahezu Null ist. Der Turbokompressor 10 ist damit druckausgeglichen, so dass die Lager 15 nahezu keine Axialkräfte aufnehmen müssen. By using the additional compressor 12, the air sucked in via the air supply line 3-or the oxidant sucked in-can be compressed more strongly than if only a single compressor 11 were present in the turbo-compressor 10. Furthermore, the compressor 1 1, the further compressor 12 and the exhaust gas turbine 13 with respect to their flow guides and pressure gradients can be designed so that the resulting axial force on the shaft 14 during operation of the turbocompressor 10 is almost zero. The turbocompressor 10 is thus pressure balanced so that the bearings 15 have to absorb almost no axial forces.
In alternativen Verwendungen kann der Turbokompressor 10 auch für In alternative uses, the turbocompressor 10 may also be used for
Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt werden. Internal combustion engines are used.

Claims

Ansprüche 1 . Turbokompressor (10), insbesondere für ein Brennstoffzellensystem (1 ), mit einer von einer Antriebsvorrichtung (20) antreibbaren Welle (14), wobei auf der Welle (14) ein Verdichter (1 1 ) und eine Abgasturbine (13) angeordnet sind,  Claims 1. Turbocompressor (10), in particular for a fuel cell system (1), having a shaft (14) which can be driven by a drive device (20), wherein a compressor (11) and an exhaust gas turbine (13) are arranged on the shaft (14),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Welle (14) ein weiterer Verdichter (12) angeordnet ist.  characterized in that on the shaft (14) a further compressor (12) is arranged.
2. Turbokompressor (10) nach Anspruch 1 2. turbo compressor (10) according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (1 1 ) und der weitere Verdichter (12) in einer Luftzuführungsleitung (3) eines Brennstoffzellensystems (1 ) angeordnet sind und dass die Abgasturbine (13) in einer Abgasleitung (4) des  characterized in that the compressor (1 1) and the further compressor (12) are arranged in an air supply line (3) of a fuel cell system (1) and in that the exhaust gas turbine (13) in an exhaust pipe (4) of the
Brennstoffzellensystems (1 ) angeordnet ist.  Fuel cell system (1) is arranged.
3. Turbokompressor (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 3. turbo compressor (10) according to claim 1 or 2
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebsvorrichtung (20) einen Stator (21 ) und einen Rotor (22) aufweist, wobei der Rotor (22) auf der Welle (14) zwischen dem Verdichter (1 1 ) und dem weiteren Verdichter (12) angeordnet ist.  characterized in that the drive device (20) comprises a stator (21) and a rotor (22), wherein the rotor (22) on the shaft (14) between the compressor (1 1) and the further compressor (12) is arranged ,
4. Turbokompressor (10) nach Anspruch 3 4. turbo compressor (10) according to claim 3
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (14) zu beiden Seiten des Rotors (22) mittels je eines Lagers (15) rotierbar gelagert ist.  characterized in that the shaft (14) on both sides of the rotor (22) by means of a respective bearing (15) is rotatably mounted.
5. Turbokompressor (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 5. turbo compressor (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (1 1 ) und der weitere Verdichter (12) axial anströmbar und radial abströmbar ausgeführt sind.  characterized in that the compressor (1 1) and the further compressor (12) are designed to be axially flowed against and radially outflow.
6. Turbokompressor (10) nach Anspruch 5 6. turbo compressor (10) according to claim 5
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (1 1 ) und der weitere Verdichter (12) axial aus entgegen gerichteten Richtungen anströmbar sind.  characterized in that the compressor (1 1) and the further compressor (12) are axially flowable from opposite directions.
7. Turbokompressor (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 7. turbocompressor (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgasturbine (13) radial anströmbar und axial abströmbar ausgeführt ist. Brennstoffzellensystem (1 ) mit einer Brennstoffzelle (2), einer Luftzuführungsleitung (3) zum Zuführen eines Oxidationsmittels in die Brennstoffzelle (2) und einer Abgasleitung (4) zum Abführen des Oxidationsmittels aus der Brennstoffzelle (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Brennstoffzellensystem (1 ) einen characterized in that the exhaust gas turbine (13) is designed to flow radially and can be flowed off axially. Fuel cell system (1) with a fuel cell (2), an air supply line (3) for supplying an oxidizing agent into the fuel cell (2) and an exhaust line (4) for discharging the oxidizing agent from the fuel cell (2), characterized in that the fuel cell system ( 1) one
Turbokompressor (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 aufweist, wobei der Verdichter (1 1 ) und der weitere Verdichter (12) in der Luftzuführungsleitung (3) angeordnet sind und wobei die Abgasturbine (13) in der Abgasleitung (4) angeordnet ist. Turbocharger (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the compressor (1 1) and the further compressor (12) in the air supply line (3) are arranged and wherein the exhaust gas turbine (13) in the exhaust pipe (4) is arranged ,
PCT/EP2018/056348 2017-04-04 2018-03-14 Turbo compressor, in particular for a fuel cell system WO2018184800A1 (en)

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