WO2018161711A1 - 一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置 - Google Patents

一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018161711A1
WO2018161711A1 PCT/CN2017/120368 CN2017120368W WO2018161711A1 WO 2018161711 A1 WO2018161711 A1 WO 2018161711A1 CN 2017120368 W CN2017120368 W CN 2017120368W WO 2018161711 A1 WO2018161711 A1 WO 2018161711A1
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anode
cathode
dehumidification
exchange membrane
air
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PCT/CN2017/120368
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
綦戎辉
张立志
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华南理工大学
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Priority to US16/492,151 priority Critical patent/US11420156B2/en
Publication of WO2018161711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018161711A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/268—Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/30—Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/80—Water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4508—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for cleaning air in buildings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active/passive dehumidification device, in particular to an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode.
  • the cooling method uses a surface cooler to cool to the dew point to condense the water vapor, the dehumidification capacity is limited, and the energy waste is high; the solution dehumidification method has strong dehumidification ability, but the re-drying process is complicated, the equipment is large, and the solution may be polluted twice. It causes serious consequences of air ducts, furniture corrosion and human health. Rotary dehumidification can be used at lower temperatures and can achieve lower humidity. However, the excessive floor space and easy degradation of performance limit the practical application. Indoor dehumidification problems are particularly worthy of attention in high-humidity areas in China, such as Hong Kong, Macao, Guangdong, Guangxi, Lianghu, and Jiangxi.
  • Electrolyte membrane dehumidification is a novel independent humidity control technology. By applying a DC voltage on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, the anode side air vapor is electrolytically reacted and the humidity is lowered.
  • the dehumidification technology uses a single electric energy, does not require a regenerative device, has a wide operating temperature and low dew point dehumidification performance, and is free from secondary pollution such as corrosion and harmful substances. It is ideally suited for organic integration with renewable energy such as photovoltaics or wind power.
  • Patent 97101826.X An electrolyte membrane dehumidification device for precision instrumentation has been disclosed, but its disadvantage is that it can only perform active dehumidification, and the use of a flat electrode limits the performance of the system, and the implementation method is relatively simple.
  • the device is active / Passive electrochemical dehumidification device that actively conducts by conducting protons or water molecules / Passive humidity control, simple structure, variable shape, low dew point dehumidification, very suitable for miniaturization, no secondary pollution, energy saving and mute, adapt to various environmental changes.
  • An electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode, comprising a core dehumidification unit; the core dehumidification unit from one side to the other side, comprising an anode air channel, a screen type anode electrode, and amphoteric ion exchange Membrane, mesh cathode electrode and cathode air passage;
  • the screen anode electrode comprises an anode metal mesh structure diffusion layer and an anode catalytic layer in sequence;
  • the screen cathode electrode comprises a cathode metal mesh structure diffusion layer and a cathode catalytic layer in sequence;
  • the anode air passage and the cathode air passage are both provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the anode air passage and the cathode air passage are equipped with a variable frequency fan outside the air inlet;
  • a first damper and a first flow sensor are installed in the anode air passage, and a first temperature and humidity sensor and a second temperature and humidity sensor are respectively disposed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the anode air passage;
  • a second damper and a second flow sensor are installed in the cathode air passage, and a third temperature and humidity sensor and a fourth temperature and humidity sensor are respectively disposed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the cathode air passage;
  • the screen type anode electrode and the screen type cathode electrode are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the adjustable DC power source, and the adjustable DC power source is connected with a digital multimeter;
  • amphoteric ion exchange membrane is a high performance electrolyte membrane having the ability to selectively exchange cations and anions, including a bipolar membrane or an amphoteric membrane.
  • amphoteric ion exchange membrane is prepared by a blending method, a copolymerization method or a radiation grafting method.
  • the materials of the anode metal mesh structure diffusion layer and the cathode metal mesh structure diffusion layer are both porous metal meshes and have a thickness of 0.8mm-2mm, the material is made of titanium, titanium alloy or stainless steel;
  • the porous metal mesh has a corrosion-resistant conductive coating and a rigidity required to support the amphoteric ion exchange membrane; the porous metal mesh facilitates the water vapor in the anode side air to be easily accessible to the amphoteric ion exchange membrane and occurs Electrolytic reaction, and at the same time, it is easy to rapidly remove water generated by the cathode side reduction reaction to make the device
  • the structure is simple and compact, the shape is variable, and it can adapt to different spaces.
  • anode catalytic layer and the cathode catalytic layer are respectively closely attached to the catalyst particles by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method.
  • the surface of the anode metal screen structure diffusion layer near the anode air passage side and the surface of the cathode metal mesh structure diffusion layer near the cathode air passage side are prepared.
  • the catalyst fine particles include carbon-supported catalyst fine particles or heavy metal catalyst fine particles.
  • the anode catalytic layer and the cathode catalytic layer have close contact points at the interface connected with the amphoteric ion exchange membrane; when a voltage is applied, the air in the anode air passage is in close contact with the diffusion layer of the anode metal mesh structure.
  • the water vapor in the air undergoes an electrolytic reaction on the near anode side of the amphoteric ion exchange membrane; the air in the cathode air passage approaches the contact point through the diffusion layer of the cathode metal mesh structure, and oxygen and protons occur on the near cathode side of the amphoteric ion exchange membrane.
  • the reaction produces a reduction reaction of water.
  • the core dehumidifying unit applies a voltage
  • the water vapor in the air flowing through the anode air passage is in the amphoteric ion exchange membrane. Electrolytic reaction occurs on the anode side to perform active dehumidification, and on the anode side, the reaction of formula (1) occurs:
  • the hydrogen ion (H + ) generated by the formula (1) reaches the cathode side through the amphoteric ion exchange membrane, and the electron (e - ) reaches the cathode side through the circuit of the direct current power source, and the reaction of the formula (2) generates oxygen and generates water:
  • the water molecules produced by formula (2) are carried away by the air circulating in the cathode airway.
  • formula (1) and formula (2 The reaction is such that the humidity in the air in the anode air passage is lowered to perform active dehumidification.
  • the core dehumidifying unit When no voltage is applied, the water vapor in the air flowing through the anode air passage is separated by the pressure difference caused by the difference in air humidity, and the water vapor on the high humidity side permeates through the amphoteric ion exchange membrane to enter the low humidity side and is carried away by the air flowing through the cathode air passage. Passive dehumidification is performed by lowering the humidity of the air in the anode air passage.
  • the core dehumidification unit can perform active and passive work respectively under the conditions of applying voltage and no voltage application, so that the device It can adapt to different environmental needs and reduce energy consumption.
  • anode air passage and the cathode air passage are both made of an insulating gas-impermeable material.
  • the air in the anode air passage and the air in the cathode air passage flow in a mutual flow including a forward flow, a reverse flow or a cross flow.
  • the core dehumidification unit flows through the anode air passage and the ambient air flows from the cathode air passage;
  • the temperature and humidity sensor converts the temperature and humidity of the air in the anode airway and the cathode airway into electrical signals, and the computer compares the obtained data with the set value, generates a control signal through a control algorithm, and sends it to the control output circuit to control the output circuit.
  • the actuator includes an adjustable DC power supply and an inverter fan, and the execution structure completes the corresponding adjustment control action according to the control command.
  • the adjustable DC power supply can realize the adjustment of the positive pole and the negative pole according to the command of the control output circuit, and the voltage is also adjusted instantaneously.
  • the adjustable DC power supply voltage is adjustable from 1.29 to 10V.
  • the core dehumidifying unit is more than one, and the combination manner of the plurality of core dehumidifying units includes a series, a parallel type, a cascade type, a combined type or a multi-stage type, and the amphoteric ion exchange membrane in each core dehumidifying unit is Parallel or series connection to an adjustable DC power supply.
  • the core dehumidifying unit is used in combination with a solution including a solution dehumidifying device, a rotary dehumidifying device or a cooling dehumidifying device in a single or multiple forms, including a series or a parallel connection; in combination with a solution dehumidifying device, a solution dehumidifying filler Ways include flat packing, regular packing or random packing;
  • a variety of combinations with other dehumidification devices facilitate the device to accommodate a variety of space and dehumidification requirements.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and benefits:
  • the device of the present invention can perform humidity control simply and quickly, and realizes initiative by controlling the application of voltage or not. Passive dehumidification; can adjust the voltage to control the dehumidification effect; can also adjust the voltage positive and negative to achieve air humidification, to adapt to different environmental requirements;
  • the active dehumidification process of the device of the invention has wide operating temperature and low dew point dehumidification, and can be operated at low temperature (0 °C). Even the following) normal operation under low humidity ( ⁇ 5%);
  • the device of the invention actively dehumidifies
  • the required energy is a single electric energy, the voltage is low, and renewable energy, including solar or wind energy, can be used to save energy and protect the environment; and the passive dehumidification process does not require energy consumption;
  • the electrode material used in the core dehumidifying unit of the device of the present invention is a porous metal mesh structure, which has the rigidity required for supporting the amphoteric ion exchange membrane, and allows the air to easily approach the anode of the ion exchange membrane to undergo an electrolytic reaction and rapidly generate water generated by the cathode reaction. Remove The device structure is simple and compact, the shape is variable, and can be adapted to different spaces;
  • the device of the present invention can realize various combinations of a plurality of core dehumidifying units, and the air flow in the air passage is various, and the device can be combined with other dehumidifying devices to adapt the device of the present invention to various space and dehumidification requirements;
  • the device of the invention High safety, no need for additional cold water, solution and other media; no corrosion and harmful substances, no secondary pollution, making the working environment clean and hygienic; no additional drive device, no noise during operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a core dehumidifying unit of an electrochemical dehumidification apparatus based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode;
  • FIG. 2a is Embodiments are schematic diagrams showing the operation principle of an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode under application of a voltage;
  • Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the working principle of an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode without applying a voltage;
  • Figure 3 is an embodiment of an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode A schematic diagram of using a plurality of core dehumidifying units in parallel combination;
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment of an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode A schematic diagram of using a plurality of core dehumidifying units in series;
  • Figure 5 is a plurality of embodiments A schematic diagram of dehumidification combined with an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode and a solution dehumidification device;
  • Figure 6 is a plurality of embodiments A schematic diagram of dehumidification combined with an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode and a solution dehumidification device;
  • Figure 7 shows multiple embodiments A schematic diagram of dehumidification combined with an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode and a rotary dehumidification device;
  • Figure 8 is a plurality of embodiments A schematic diagram of dehumidification combined with an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode and a rotary dehumidification device;
  • Figure 9 is a plurality of embodiments A schematic diagram of dehumidification combined with an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode and a cooling dehumidification device;
  • Figure 10 is a plurality of embodiments A schematic diagram of dehumidification combined with an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode and a cooling dehumidification device.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of a core dehumidifying unit of an electrochemical dehumidification device based on a screen type zwitterionic ion exchange membrane electrode is shown in FIG. 1 As shown, the core dehumidification unit is included; the core dehumidification unit includes, from one side to the other side, an anode air passage 6 , a screen anode electrode, an amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 , a mesh cathode electrode and a cathode air passage 7 in sequence;
  • Amphoteric exchange membrane 1 A high performance electrolyte membrane with the ability to selectively exchange cations and water molecules, including bipolar or amphoteric membranes; amphoteric ion exchange membranes 1 It is prepared by blending method, copolymerization method or radiation grafting method; radiation grafting method is prepared by using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as base film; copolymerization method Introducing a sulfonate group on the difluorobenzophenone and introducing a quaternary ammonium group on the bisphenol oxime, and then copolymerizing the two monomers to prepare an amphoteric ion exchange membrane;
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the screen anode electrode From the anode airway 6 to the direction of the zwitterionic exchange membrane 1, the screen anode electrode comprises an anode metal mesh structure diffusion layer in sequence. And the anode catalytic layer 4; from the cathode air passage 7 to the direction of the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1, the screen cathode electrode comprises a cathode metal mesh structure diffusion layer 3 and a cathode catalytic layer 5 in this order;
  • the anode metal mesh structure diffusion layer 2 and the cathode metal mesh structure diffusion layer 3 are both porous metal meshes and have a thickness of 0.8 mm to 2 mm.
  • the material is made of titanium, titanium alloy or stainless steel;
  • the porous metal screen has corrosion-resistant conductive coating and has a supporting amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 The required rigidity;
  • the porous metal screen makes the water vapor in the air on the anode side easy to access the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 and undergoes an electrolytic reaction, and at the same time, it is easy to rapidly remove water generated by the cathode side reduction reaction;
  • the anode catalytic layer 4 and the cathode catalytic layer 5 are respectively closely attached to the catalyst particles by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method.
  • the surface of the anode-optical screen structure diffusion layer 2 near the anode air passage 6 side and the surface of the cathode metal screen structure diffusion layer 3 near the cathode air passage 7 side are prepared; the anode catalytic layer 4 and the cathode catalytic layer 5 At the interface connected to the zwitterionic exchange membrane 1, there is a close contact point.
  • the air in the anode air passage 6 passes through the anode metal mesh structure diffusion layer 2 Near the contact point, the water vapor in the air undergoes an electrolytic reaction on the near anode side of the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1; the air in the cathode air passage 7 passes through the cathode metal mesh structure diffusion layer 3 close to the contact point in the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 On the near cathode side, a reduction reaction occurs between oxygen and protons to form water;
  • the screen type anode electrode and the screen type cathode electrode are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the adjustable DC power source 17, and the DC power supply can be adjusted. Connected with digital multimeter 16; Adjustable DC power supply 17 According to the command of the control output circuit, the positive and negative poles can be adjusted, and the voltage can be adjusted instantly; the voltage of the DC power supply can be adjusted at 1.29 ⁇ 10V.
  • the range is adjustable;
  • the anode air passage 6 and the cathode air passage 7 are both provided with an air inlet and an air outlet;
  • the anode air passage 6 is provided with a first air valve 8 And the first flow sensor 14, the first temperature and humidity sensor 12 and the second temperature and humidity sensor 10 are respectively disposed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the anode air passage 6, and the second air valve is installed in the cathode air passage 7 And a second flow sensor 15 , a third temperature and humidity sensor 11 and a fourth temperature and humidity sensor 13 respectively at the air inlet and the air outlet of the cathode air passage 7;
  • Both the anode air passage 6 and the cathode air passage 7 are equipped with a variable frequency fan outside the air inlet; the anode air passage 6 and the cathode air passage 7 It is composed of an insulating gas-impermeable material; the air in the anode air passage 6 and the air in the cathode air passage 7 flow in a mutual flow including a forward flow, a reverse flow or a cross flow;
  • Temperature and humidity sensor (10, 11, 12, 13), flow sensor (14, 15), digital multimeter 16 are connected to the computer;
  • the core dehumidification unit When the core dehumidification unit has applied voltage, the water vapor in the air flowing through the anode air passage 6 is in the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 Electrolytic reaction occurs on the anode side for active dehumidification; core dehumidification unit is applied without voltage, anode air passage 6 The water vapor in the circulating air is separated by the pressure difference caused by the difference in air humidity, and the water vapor on the high humidity side permeates through the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 to enter the low humidity side for passive dehumidification;
  • the dehumidified air in the core dehumidification unit flows through the anode air passage 6, and the ambient air flows from the cathode air passage 7;
  • the temperature and humidity sensor (10, 11, 12, 13) will have anode airway 6 and cathode airway 7
  • the temperature and humidity of the internal air are converted into electrical signals and collected into the computer.
  • the computer compares the obtained data with the set value, generates a control signal through a control algorithm and sends it to the control output circuit, and the control output circuit respectively delivers the control signals, including adjustable The DC power supply 1 and the actuator of the inverter fan, the execution structure completes the corresponding adjustment and control actions according to the control command;
  • the core dehumidification unit is more than one, and the combination of the plurality of core dehumidification units includes a series, a parallel type, a cascade type, a combination type or a multi-stage type, and the amphoteric ion exchange membrane in each core dehumidifying unit 1 Connected to the adjustable DC power supply 17 in parallel or in series;
  • the dehumidifying apparatus of this embodiment operates normally under low temperature (0 ° C or even lower) low humidity ( ⁇ 5%);
  • the device may be used in single or multiple forms in combination with a solution dehumidification device, a rotary dehumidification device or a cooling dehumidification device, in combination including in series or in parallel.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams showing the operation principle of the device of the present embodiment in the case of voltage application and no voltage application, respectively.
  • the anode airway can be made when no voltage is applied.
  • the water vapor in the circulating air is separated by the pressure difference caused by the difference in air humidity, and the water vapor in the anode air passage 6 (high humidity side) permeates through the amphoteric ion exchange membrane 1 and enters the cathode air passage 7 (low humidity side) to be the cathode gas.
  • Road 7 The circulating air inside is carried away, so that the humidity in the anode air passage 6 is lowered to perform passive dehumidification.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are schematic views of the combination of multiple core dehumidification units and in parallel and series, respectively.
  • a schematic diagram of parallel combination of multiple core dehumidifying units is adopted.
  • the inverter fan and the first damper are first opened.
  • the second damper 9 causes the air to be dehumidified to flow through the anode air passages of the second core dehumidifying unit 18 to the nth core dehumidifying unit 19 in parallel. After that, they are put together and sent to the room, and the ambient air enters the cathode airway.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor senses the humidity in the airway and converts it into an electrical signal to collect into the computer.
  • the computer compares the humidity signal with the required set temperature and humidity to determine the need for active / Passive dehumidification, through the control algorithm to generate a series of control signals (including DC power, voltage and inverter fan frequency) and sent to the control output circuit;
  • the number of core dehumidification units, the amount of dehumidified air and purge air, and the DC power supply voltage are determined by operating conditions and dehumidification requirements.
  • FIG. 4 a schematic diagram of a series combination of multiple core dehumidification units is used, which is different from the parallel combination method in the dehumidification process.
  • the air to be dehumidified flows in series through the anode air passages 6 of the plurality of core dehumidifying units, and then sent into the room, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passages 7 .
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are schematic diagrams showing the combined dehumidification of the plurality of dehumidifying devices and the solution dehumidifying device 20 by parallel connection and series connection, respectively.
  • Figure 5 shows multiple devices and solution dehumidification devices 20
  • the schematic diagram of combined dehumidification by parallel connection in the dehumidification process, firstly opening the variable frequency fan and the first damper 8 and the second damper 9 so that the dehumidified air flows through the core of the plurality of dehumidification devices in parallel.
  • the anode air passage 6 of the dehumidifying unit is simultaneously introduced into the solution dehumidifying device 20 to be in contact with the solution, and then collected into a single body, and then sent into the room, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passage 7
  • the humidity in the airway is continuously collected by the temperature and humidity sensor into the computer, and is adjusted repeatedly until the set parameters are reached; the number of electrochemical dehumidification units, the air volume of the dehumidified air and the purge air, the DC power supply voltage, etc., and the dehumidification requirements. Decide.
  • Figure 6 shows a plurality of dehumidifying devices and solution dehumidifying devices 20
  • the schematic diagram of combined dehumidification by series is different from the parallel combination in that the dehumidified air is sequentially flowed through the core of the plurality of dehumidification devices in the anode air passage of the dehumidification unit. And immediately after entering the solution dehumidifying device 35 and contacting the solution, it is sent into the room, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passage 7 .
  • Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are schematic diagrams showing the combined dehumidification of a plurality of dehumidifying devices and a rotary dehumidifying device 21 by parallel connection and series connection, respectively.
  • Figure 7 shows multiple dehumidification devices and rotary dehumidification devices.
  • the anode air passage 6 of the dehumidifying unit enters the dehumidification side of the dehumidification runner unit 21 and then collects into a single feed chamber, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passage 7 and the dehumidification runner device 21
  • the regeneration side of the airway; the humidity in the airway is continuously collected by the temperature and humidity sensor into the computer, and is repeatedly adjusted until the set parameters are reached; the number of electrochemical dehumidification units, the air volume of the dehumidified air and the purge air, and the DC power supply voltage are used. And dehumidification requirements are determined.
  • Figure 8 shows multiple dehumidification devices and rotary dehumidification devices.
  • the schematic diagram of combined dehumidification by series is different from the parallel combination in that, in the dehumidification process, the dehumidified air flows through the anode air passages of the core dehumidification unit of the plurality of dehumidification devices in series. And entering the dehumidification side of the dehumidification runner device 21, and then collecting them into a single feed chamber, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passage 7 and the regeneration side of the dehumidification runner device 21.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are schematic diagrams showing the combined dehumidification of the plurality of dehumidifying devices and the cooling and dehumidifying device 22 by parallel connection and series connection, respectively.
  • a plurality of dehumidification devices and cooling dehumidification devices 22 The schematic diagram of combined dehumidification by parallel connection, in the dehumidification process, firstly opening the variable frequency fan and the first damper 8 and the second damper 9 so that the dehumidified air flows through the core of the plurality of dehumidification devices in parallel.
  • the anode air passage 6 of the dehumidifying unit is connected to the cooling and dehumidifying device to be in contact with the cooling coil, and then collected into a feeding chamber, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passage 7
  • the humidity in the airway is continuously collected by the temperature and humidity sensor into the computer, and is adjusted repeatedly until the set parameters are reached; the number of electrochemical dehumidification units, the air volume of the dehumidified air and the purge air, the DC power supply voltage, etc., and the dehumidification requirements. Decide.
  • a plurality of dehumidifying devices and cooling dehumidifying devices 22 The schematic diagram of combined dehumidification by series is different from the parallel combination in that, in the dehumidification process, the dehumidified air flows through the anode air passages of the core dehumidification unit of the plurality of dehumidification devices in series. And entering the cooling and dehumidifying device and contacting the cooling coil, and then collecting into a feeding chamber, and the ambient air enters the cathode air passage 7 .

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Abstract

一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，包括核心除湿单元，核心除湿单元从一侧至另一侧依次包括阳极气道（6）、筛网式阳极电极、两性离子交换膜（1）、筛网式阴极电极和阴极气道（7）。核心除湿单元有电压施加时，进行主动除湿；无电压施加时，进行被动除湿。核心除湿单元为一个以上，且以包括并联、串联或复叠方式组合；同时，该电化学除湿装置还可与其他除湿装置组合使用。

Description

一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置
技术领域
本发明涉及可主动 / 被动式的除湿装置，特别涉及一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置。
背景技术
现代社会中人在建筑物内的时间长达 70% 以上，室内空气除湿方式不仅严重影响室内空气品质及人员健康，亦对建筑能耗有极大影响。近年来 空调除湿能耗接近我国社会总能耗的一至两成，并随城镇化的进程而持续上升。而目前广泛采用的常规除湿方式，如冷却法、溶液除湿法及转轮法等，都存在着很多问题。冷却法是采用表冷器冷却到露点使水蒸气凝结，除湿能力有限，能源浪费高；溶液除湿法虽除湿能力较强，但再干燥过程复杂，设备装置多，且可能出现溶液二次污染空气导致风道、家具腐蚀及危害人体健康的严重后果；而转轮除湿虽可在较低温度下使用且能达到较低的湿度，但占地面积过大、性能易衰减等限制了实际应用。室内除湿问题在我国高湿度地区，如港澳、两广、两湖、江西等地区，尤其值得关注。
电解质膜除湿作为一种新颖的独立湿度调控技术，通过在电解质膜两侧施加直流电压，使得阳极侧空气水蒸气发生电解反应而湿度降低。该除湿技术采用单一电能，无需再生装置，有较宽的可操作温度和低露点除湿性能，无腐蚀和有害物质等二次污染 ，非常适合与光伏或风力发电等可再生能源有机结合。专利 97101826.X 公布了一种针对精密仪器仪表的电解质膜除湿装置，但其缺点是只能进行主动除湿，且采用了平板式电极限制了***性能，实施方式也比较简单。
因此，开发更高效的电解质膜除湿装置，对解决现有电解质膜除湿装置的不足，推进其工业化进程具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置。 该装置为主动 / 被动式电化学除湿装置，可通过传导质子或水分子进行主动 / 被动的湿度控制，结构简单，形状可变，可低露点除湿，非常适合小型化，无二次污染，节能静音，适应各种环境变化需求。
一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，包括核心除湿单元；所述核心除湿单元从一侧至另一侧，依次包括阳极气道、筛网式阳极电极、两性离子交换膜、筛网式阴极电极和阴极气道；
由阳极气道至两性离子交换膜的方向，所述筛网式阳极电极依次包括阳极金属筛网结构扩散层和阳极催化层；
由阴极气道至两性离子交换膜的方向，所述筛网式阴极电极依次包括阴极金属筛网结构扩散层和阴极催化层；
所述阳极气道和阴极气道均设置有进气口和出气口；所述阳极气道和阴极气道的进气口外均装有变频风机；
所述阳极气道内安装有第一风阀和第一流量传感器，所述阳极气道的进气口处和出气口处分别设置有第一温湿度传感器和第二温湿度传感器；
所述阴极气道内安装有第二风阀和第二流量传感器，所述阴极气道的进气口处和出气口处分别设置有第三温湿度传感器和第四温湿度传感器；
所述筛网式阳极电极与筛网式阴极电极分别外接可调节直流电源的正极和负极，所述可调节直流电源接有数字型万用表；
所有的温湿度传感器、所有的流量传感器以及数字型万用表均连接于计算机。
进一步的，所述两性离子交换膜为同时具备选择***换阳离子及阴离子能力的高性能电解质膜，包括双极膜或两性膜。
进一步地，所述两性离子交换膜通过包括共混法、共聚法或辐射接枝法制备得到。
进一步地，所述阳极金属筛网结构扩散层和阴极金属筛网结构扩散层的材料均为多孔金属筛网，厚度为 0.8mm-2mm ，材质采用包括钛、钛合金或不锈钢；
更进一步地，所述多孔金属筛网上有耐腐蚀导电涂层以及具有支撑两性离子交换膜所需的刚性；所述多孔金属筛网使阳极侧空气中的水蒸汽易于接近两性离子交换膜并发生电解反应，同时易于使阴极侧还原反应生成的水迅速脱除，使装置 结构简单紧凑，形状可变，可适应于不同空间。
进一步地，所述阳极催化层和阴极催化层采用包括 筛网印刷法、转印法或喷射法，将催化剂微粒分别紧密附着于 阳极金属筛网结构扩散层的近阳极气道侧的表面和阴极金属筛网结构扩散层的近阴极气道侧的 表面制备得到。
更进一步地，所述催化剂微粒包括碳载催化剂微粒或重金属催化剂微粒。
进一步地，所述阳极催化层和阴极催化层在与两性离子交换膜连接的界面上均有紧密接触的接触点；当施加电压时，阳极气道内的空气通过阳极金属筛网结构扩散层接近接触点，空气中的水蒸汽在两性离子交换膜的近阳极侧发生电解反应；阴极气道内的空气通过阴极金属筛网结构扩散层接近接触点，在两性离子交换膜的近阴极侧发生氧气与质子反应生成水的还原反应。
更进一步地，所述核心除湿单元在有施加电压时， 阳极气道中流通空气内的水蒸气在 两性离子交换膜 阳极侧发生电解反应而进行主动除湿，阳极侧发生式（ 1 ）反应：
2H2O → 4H++ O2 +4e- ，（ 1 ）；
式（ 1 ）产生的氢离子（ H+ ）通过 两性离子交换膜 到达阴极侧，电子（ e- ）通过直流电源的电路到达阴极侧，发生式（ 2 ）反应消耗氧并产生水：
O2+4H+ +4e- → 2H2O ，（ 2 ）；
式（ 2 ）产生的水分子由 阴极气道内流通的空气带走。通过式（ 1 ）和式（ 2 ）的反应，使得阳极气道内的空气湿度降低而进行主动除湿。
更进一步地，所述核心除湿单元 在无电压施加时，阳极气道中流通空气内的水蒸气凭借空气湿度差导致的压力差，高湿度侧的水蒸气渗透过两性离子交换膜进入低湿度侧而被阴极气道流通空气带走，使得阳极气道内的空气湿度降低而进行被动除湿。
核心除湿单元在施加电压与不施加电压条件下可分别进行主动和被动工作，使装置 可适应不同环境需求，能耗降低。
进一步地， 所述阳极气道和阴极气道均由绝缘不透气材料构成。
进一步地，阳极气道内的空气和阴极气道内的空气的流动方式互为包括顺流、逆流或错流。
进一步地，所述核心除湿单元在主动除湿过程中，需除湿的空气从阳极气道流过，环境空气从阴极气道流过； 温湿度传感器将阳极气道和阴极气道内空气的温湿度转换成电信号采集进计算机，计算机将得到的数据与设定值比较，通过控制算法生成控制信号并送给控制输出电路，控制输出电路将控制信号分别送达 包括可调 直流电源及变频风机的执行机构，执行结构根据控制命令，完成相应的调节控制动作。
更进一步 地 ， 所述可调节直流电源根据控制输出电路的命令，可实现正极和负极对调，电压也即时调节。
更进一步地，所述可调节直流电源的电压在 1.29~10V 范围可调。
进一步地，所述核心除湿单元为一个以上，多个核心除湿单元的组合方式包括串联式、并联式、复叠式、组合式或多级式，且各核心除湿单元中的两性离子交换膜以并联或串联的方式与可调节直流电源相连接。
多种方式的组合，有利于装置适应多种空间及除湿要求。
进一步地，所述核心除湿单元以单个或多个的形式与包括溶液除湿装置、轮转除湿装置或冷却除湿装置组合使用，组合方式包括串联或并联；与溶液除湿装置的组合中，溶液除湿的填料方式包括平板填料、规则填料或随机填料；
与其他除湿装置的多种组合，有利于装置适应多种空间及除湿要求。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果：
（ 1 ）本发明装置可 简单、快速的进行湿度调控， 通过控制电压的施加与否，实现主动 / 被动式除湿；可通过调整电压大小以控制除湿效果；还可调节电压正负实现空气加湿，适应不同环境要求；
（ 2 ）本发明装置主动除湿过程具有 较宽的可操作温度和低露点除湿的优越操作性能，可在低温（ 0 ℃ 甚至以下）低湿（ <5% ）情况下正常运行；
（ 3 ）本发明装置主动除湿 所需能源为单一电能，电压较低，可采用可再生能源包括太阳能或风能产生的电能，节能环保；而被动除湿过程无需耗能；
（ 4 ）本发明装置核心除湿单元采用的电极材料为多孔金属筛网结构，具有支撑两性离子交换膜所需的刚性，且使空气易于接近离子交换膜阳极发生电解反应并使阴极反应生成的水可迅速脱除； 使装置结构简单紧凑，形状可变，可适应于不同空间；
（ 5 ）本发明的装置可多个核心除湿单元实现多种组合，空气在气道内的气流方式多样，装置还可与其他除湿装置进行组合，使本发明装置 适应多种空间及除湿要求；
（ 6 ）本发明装置 安全性高，无需额外冷水、溶液等介质；不具有腐蚀和有害物质产生，无二次污染，使得工作环境卫生清洁；无附加驱动装置，运作过程无噪音产生。
附图说明
图 1 为实施例基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置的核心除湿单元示意图；
图 2a 为 实施例基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置在施加电压情况下的工作原理示意图；
图 2b 为实施例基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置在不施加电压情况下的工作原理示意图；
图 3 为实施例 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置 采用多个核心除湿单元并联组合的示意图；
图 4 为实施例 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置 采用多个核心除湿单元串联组合的示意图；
图 5 为实施例多个 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置与溶液除湿装置并联组合除湿的示意图；
图 6 为实施例多个 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置与溶液除湿装置串联组合除湿的示意图；
图 7 为实施例多个 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置与轮转除湿装置并联组合除湿的示意图；
图 8 为实施例多个 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置与轮转除湿装置串联组合除湿的示意图；
图 9 为实施例多个 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置与冷却除湿装置并联组合除湿的示意图；
图 10 为实施例多个 基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置与冷却除湿装置串联组合除湿的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例及附图，对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，但本发明不限于此。
本实施例一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置的核心除湿单元示意图如图 1 所示，包括核心除湿单元； 核心除湿单元从一侧至另一侧，依次包括阳极气道 6 、筛网式阳极电极、两性离子交换膜 1 、筛网式阴极电极和阴极气道 7 ；
两性离子交换膜 1 为同时具备选择***换阳离子及水分子能力的高性能电解质膜，包括双极膜或两性膜；两性离子交换膜 1 通过包括共混法、共聚法或辐射接枝法制备得到；辐射接枝法以聚偏氟乙烯（ PVDF ）为基膜进行制备；共聚法 在二氟二苯酮上引入磺酸根及在双酚芴上引入季铵基团，再将两种单体进行共聚制备两性离子交换膜；
由阳极气道 6 至两性离子交换膜 1 的方向，筛网式阳极电极依次包括阳极金属筛网结构扩散层 2 和阳极催化层 4 ；由阴极气道 7 至两性离子交换膜 1 的方向，筛网式阴极电极依次包括阴极金属筛网结构扩散层 3 和阴极催化层 5 ；
阳极金属筛网结构扩散层 2 和阴极金属筛网结构扩散层 3 均为多孔金属筛网，厚度为 0.8mm-2mm ，材质采用包括钛、钛合金或不锈钢；多孔金属筛网上有耐腐蚀导电涂层以及具有支撑两性离子交换膜 1 所需的刚性；多孔金属筛网使阳极侧空气中的水蒸汽易于接近两性离子交换膜 1 并发生电解反应，同时易于使阴极侧还原反应生成的水迅速脱除；
阳极催化层 4 和阴极催化层 5 为采用包括 筛网印刷法、转印法或喷射法，将催化剂微粒分别紧密附着于 阳极金属筛网结构扩散层 2 的近阳极气道 6 侧的表面和阴极金属筛网结构扩散层 3 的近阴极气道 7 侧的 表面制备得到； 阳极催化层 4 和阴极催化层 5 在与两性离子交换膜 1 连接的界面上均有紧密接触的接触点，当施加电压时，阳极气道 6 内的空气通过阳极金属筛网结构扩散层 2 接近接触点，空气中的水蒸汽在两性离子交换膜 1 的近阳极侧发生电解反应；阴极气道 7 内的空气通过阴极金属筛网结构扩散层 3 接近接触点，在两性离子交换膜 1 的近阴极侧发生氧气与质子反应生成水的还原反应；
筛网式阳极电极与筛网式阴极电极分别外接可调节直流电源 17 的正极和负极，可调节直流电源 17 接有数字型万用表 16 ；可调节直流电源 17 根据控制输出电路的命令，可实现正极和负极对调，电压也即时调节；可调节直流电源 17 的电压在 1.29~10V 范围可调；
阳极气道 6 和阴极气道 7 均设置有进气口和出气口；阳极气道 6 内安装有第一风阀 8 和第一流量传感器 14 ，阳极气道 6 的进气口处和出气口处分别设置有第一温湿度传感器 12 和第二温湿度传感器 10 ；阴极气道 7 内安装有第二风阀 9 和第二流量传感器 15 ，阴极气道 7 的进气口处和出气口处分别设置有第三温湿度传感器 11 和第四温湿度传感器 13 ；
阳极气道 6 和阴极气道 7 的进气口外均装有变频风机；阳极气道 6 和阴极气道 7 为绝缘不透气材料构成；阳极气道 6 内的空气和阴极气道 7 内的空气的流动方式互为包括顺流、逆流或错流；
温湿度传感器（ 10 、 11 、 12 、 13 ）、流量传感器（ 14 、 15 ）、数字型万用表 16 均连接于计算机；
核心除湿单元在有施加电压时， 阳极气道 6 中流通空气内的水蒸气在 两性离子交换膜 1 阳极侧发生电解反应而进行主动除湿；核心除湿单元在无电压施加情况下，阳极气道 6 中流通空气内的水蒸气凭借空气湿度差导致的压力差，高湿度侧的水蒸气渗透过两性离子交换膜 1 进入低湿度侧而进行被动除湿；
主动除湿过程中，核心除湿单元中需除湿的空气从阳极气道 6 流过，环境空气从阴极气道 7 流过； 温湿度传感器（ 10 、 11 、 12 、 13 ）将阳极气道 6 和阴极气道 7 内空气的温湿度转换成电信号采集进计算机，计算机将得到的数据与设定值比较，通过控制算法生成控制信号并送给控制输出电路，控制输出电路将控制信号分别送达 包括可调 直流电源 1 及变频风机的执行机构，执行结构根据控制命令，完成相应的调节控制动作；
核心除湿单元为一个以上，多个核心除湿单元的组合方式包括串联式、并联式、复叠式、组合式或多级式，且各核心除湿单元中的两性离子交换膜 1 以并联或串联的方式与可调节直流电源 17 相连接；
本实施例的除湿装置 在低温（ 0 ℃ 甚至以下）低湿（ <5% ）情况下正常运行；
该装置可以单个或多个的形式与包括溶液除湿装置、轮转除湿装置或冷却除湿装置组合使用，组合方式包括串联或并联。
实施例 1
图 2a 和图 2b 所示为本实施例所述装置分别在有电压施加与无电压施加情况下的工作原理示意图。
如图 2a 所示，当对 核心除湿单元在有施加电压时，可 使阳极气道 6 中流通空气内的水蒸气在 两性离子交换膜 1 阳极侧发生电解反应，如式（ 1 ）：
2H2O → 4H++ O2 +4e- ， （ 1 ）；通过式（ 1 ）的反应，使得阳极气道 6 内的空气湿度降低；此时，式（ 1 ）产生的氢离子（ H+ ） 通过 两性离子交换膜（ 1 ） 到达阴极侧，电子（ e- ）通过直流电源的电路到达阴极侧，发生式（ 2 ）反应消耗氧并产生水： O2+4H+ +4e- → 2H2O ， （ 2 ）；式（ 2 ）反应消耗氧并产生水；如此，实现将阳极气道内流过的空气中的水蒸气电解，式（ 2 ）产生的水分子由阴极气道 7 内流通的空气带走。通过式（ 1 ）和式（ 2 ）的反应，使得阳极气道 6 内的空气湿度降低而进行主动除湿。
如图 2b 所示，当无电压施加时，可使阳极气道 6 中流通空气内的水蒸气凭借空气湿度差导致的压力差，阳极气道 6 内（高湿度侧）的水蒸气渗透过两性离子交换膜 1 进入阴极气道 7 （低湿度侧）而被阴极气道 7 内的流通空气带走，使得阳极气道 6 内的空气湿度降低而进行被动除湿。
实施例 2
图 3 和图 4 分别为采用多个核心除湿单元并通过并联和串联的形式进行组合的示意图。
如图 3 所示为采用多个核心除湿单元并联组合的示意图，除湿过程中， 首先打开变频风机及第一风阀 8 和第二风阀 9 ，使得需要除湿的空气以并联的形式分别流过 第二个核心 除湿单元 18 至第 n 个核心除湿单元 19 的阳极气道 6 后再汇集成一股，再送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 ；工作时，由温湿度传感器感知气道内的湿度并换成电信号采集进计算机，计算机将湿度信号与所要求的设定温湿度比较，判断需进行主动 / 被动除湿，通过控制算法生成一系列控制信号（包括直流电源、电压及变频风机频率）并送给控制输出电路；
主动除湿情况下，打开可调节直流电源 17 ，在核心除湿单元的两侧施加电压，阳极气道 6 内电解水反应，阳极气道 6 内的空气湿度降低，阴极气道 7 内空气湿度升高；
被动除湿工况下，关闭可调节直流电源 17 ，凭借水蒸气压力差，湿度较高一侧的空气湿度降低，湿度较低一侧的空气湿度升高；气道内的湿度持续由温湿度传感器采集进计算机，通过反复调整，直至达到设定参数；
核心除湿单元的数目、除湿空气及吹扫空气的风量、直流电源电压等由工况及除湿要求决定。
如图 4 所示 为采用多个核心除湿单元串联组合的示意图，不同于并联组合方式，除湿过程中， 需要除湿的空气以串联的形式依次流过 多个核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，再送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 。
实施例 3
图 5 和图 6 为多个除湿装置与溶液除湿装置 20 分别通过并联与串联进行组合除湿的示意图。
如图 5 所示为多个装置与溶液除湿装置 20 通过并联进行组合除湿的示意图，除湿过程中，首先打开变频风机及第一风阀 8 和第二风阀 9 ，使得需要除湿的空气以并联的形式分别流过 多个除湿装置的核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，同时进入溶液除湿装置 20 与溶液接触后再汇集成一股，再送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 ；气道内的湿度持续由温湿度传感器采集进计算机，通过反复调整，直至达到设定参数；电化学除湿单元的数目、除湿空气及吹扫空气的风量、直流电源电压等由工况及除湿要求决定。
如图 6 所示为多个除湿装置与溶液除湿装置 20 通过串联进行组合除湿的示意图，与并联组合方式不同在于，需要除湿的空气以串联的形式依次流过 多个除湿装置的核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，并且紧接着进入溶液除湿装置 35 与溶液接触后再送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 。
实施例 4
图 7 和图 8 为多个除湿装置与轮转除湿装置 21 分别通过并联与串联进行组合除湿的示意图。
如图 7 所示为多个除湿装置与轮转除湿装置 21 通过并联进行组合除湿的示意图，除湿过程中，首先打开变频风机及第一风阀 8 和第二风阀 9 ，使得需要除湿的空气以并联的形式分别流过 多个除湿装置的核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，并且进入除湿转轮装置 21 的除湿侧后再汇集成一股送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 以及除湿转轮装置 21 的再生侧；气道内的湿度持续由温湿度传感器采集进计算机，通过反复调整，直至达到设定参数；电化学除湿单元的数目、除湿空气及吹扫空气的风量、直流电源电压等由工况及除湿要求决定。
如图 8 所示为多个除湿装置与轮转除湿装置 21 通过串联进行组合除湿的示意图，与并联组合方式不同在于，除湿过程中，需要除湿的空气以串联的形式分别流过 多个除湿装置的核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，并且进入除湿转轮装置 21 的除湿侧后再汇集成一股送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 以及除湿转轮装置 21 的再生侧。
实施例 5
图 9 和图 10 为多个除湿装置与冷却除湿装置 22 分别通过并联与串联进行组合除湿的示意图。
如图 9 所示为多个除湿装置与冷却除湿装置 22 通过并联进行组合除湿的示意图，除湿过程中，首先打开变频风机及第一风阀 8 和第二风阀 9 ，使得需要除湿的空气以并联的形式分别流过 多个除湿装置的核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，并且进入冷却除湿装置与冷却盘管接触后再汇集成一股送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 ；气道内的湿度持续由温湿度传感器采集进计算机，通过反复调整，直至达到设定参数；电化学除湿单元的数目、除湿空气及吹扫空气的风量、直流电源电压等由工况及除湿要求决定。
如图 10 所示为多个除湿装置与冷却除湿装置 22 通过串联进行组合除湿的示意图，与并联组合方式不同在于，除湿过程中，需要除湿的空气以串联的形式分别流过 多个除湿装置的核心 除湿单元的阳极气道 6 ，并且进入冷却除湿装置与冷却盘管接触后再汇集成一股送入室内，而环境空气进入阴极气道 7 。
本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化等在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置 ，包括核心除湿单元，其特征在于，所述核心除湿单元从一侧至另一侧依次包括阳极气道（ 6 ）、筛网式阳极电极、两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）、筛网式阴极电极和阴极气道（ 7 ）；
    由阳极气道（ 6 ）至两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）的方向，所述筛网式阳极电极依次包括阳极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 2 ）和阳极催化层（ 4 ）；
    由阴极气道（ 7 ）至两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）的方向，所述筛网式阴极电极依次包括阴极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 3 ）和阴极催化层（ 5 ）；
    所述阳极气道（ 6 ）和阴极气道（ 7 ）均设置有进气口和出气口；所述阳极气道（ 6 ）和阴极气道（ 7 ）的进气口外均装有变频风机；
    所述阳极气道（ 6 ）内安装有第一风阀（ 8 ）和第一流量传感器（ 14 ），所述阳极气道（ 6 ）的进气口处和出气口处分别设置有第一温湿度传感器（ 12 ）和第二温湿度传感器（ 10 ）；
    所述阴极气道（ 7 ）内安装有第二风阀（ 9 ）和第二流量传感器（ 15 ），所述阴极气道（ 7 ）的进气口处和出气口处分别设置有第三温湿度传感器（ 11 ）和第四温湿度传感器（ 13 ）；
    所述筛网式阳极电极与筛网式阴极电极分别外接可调节直流电源（ 17 ）的正极和负极，所述可调节直流电源（ 17 ）接有数字型万用表（ 16 ）；
    所有的温湿度传感器、所有的流量传感器以及数字型万用表（ 16 ）均连接于计算机。
  2. 2 、根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）为同时具备选择***换阳离子及水分子能力的高性能电解质膜，包括双极膜或两性膜；所述两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）通过包括共混法、共聚法或辐射接枝法制备得到。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述阳极催化层（ 4 ）和阴极催化层（ 5 ）在与两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）连接的界面上均有紧密接触的接触点；当施加电压时，阳极气道（ 6 ）内的空气通过阳极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 2 ）接近接触点，空气中的水蒸汽在两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）的近阳极侧发生电解反应；阴极气道（ 7 ）内的空气通过阴极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 3 ）接近接触点，在两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）的近阴极侧发生氧气与质子反应生成水的还原反应。
  4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述阳极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 2 ）和阴极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 3 ）均为多孔金属筛网，厚度为 0.8mm-2mm ，材质采用包括钛、钛合金或不锈钢；所述多孔金属筛网上有耐腐蚀导电涂层以及具有支撑两性离子交换膜所需的刚性；所述多孔金属筛网使阳极侧空气中的水蒸汽易于接近两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）并发生电解反应，同时易于使阴极侧还原反应生成的水迅速脱除；所述阳极催化层（ 4 ）和阴极催化层（ 5 ）采用包括 筛网印刷法、转印法或喷射法，将催化剂微粒分别紧密附着于 阳极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 2 ）的近阳极气道（ 6 ）侧的表面和阴极金属筛网结构扩散层（ 3 ）的近阴极气道（ 7 ）侧的 表面制备得到。
  5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述阳极气道（ 6 ）和阴极气道（ 7 ）均由绝缘不透气材料构成；空气在阳极气道（ 6 ）和阴极气道（ 7 ）内的流动方式互为包括顺流、逆流或错流。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述核心除湿单元在有施加电压时， 阳极气道（ 6 ）中流通空气内的水蒸气在 两性离子交换膜（ 1 ） 阳极侧发生电解反应而进行主动除湿； 所述 核心除湿单元在无电压施加情况下，阳极气道（ 6 ）中流通空气内的水蒸气凭借空气湿度差导致的压力差，高湿度侧的水蒸气渗透过两性离子交换膜（ 1 ）进入低湿度侧而进行被动除湿。
  7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，主动除湿过程中，需除湿的空气从阳极气道（ 6 ）流过，环境空气从阴极气道（ 7 ）流过； 温湿度传感器将阳极气道（ 6 ）和阴极气道（ 7 ）内空气的温湿度转换成电信号采集进计算机，计算机将得到的数据与设定值比较，通过控制算法生成控制信号并送给控制输出电路，控制输出电路将控制信号分别送达 包括可调 直流电源（ 17 ）及变频风机的执行机构，执行结构根据控制命令，完成相应的调节控制动作。
  8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述可调节直流电源（ 17 ）根据控制输出电路的命令，可实现正极和负极对调，电压也即时调节；所述可调节直流电源（ 17 ）的电压在 1.29~10V 范围可调。
  9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述核心除湿单元为一个以上，多个核心除湿单元的组合方式包括串联式、并联式、复叠式、组合式或多级式，且各核心除湿单元以并联或串联的方式与可调节直流电源（ 17 ）相连接。
  10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于筛网式两性离子交换膜电极的电化学除湿装置，其特征在于，所述核心除湿单元以单个或多个的形式与包括溶液除湿装置、轮转除湿装置或冷却除湿装置组合使用，组合方式包括串联或并联。
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