WO2018161380A1 - 一种碲铍铜合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碲铍铜合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018161380A1
WO2018161380A1 PCT/CN2017/078350 CN2017078350W WO2018161380A1 WO 2018161380 A1 WO2018161380 A1 WO 2018161380A1 CN 2017078350 W CN2017078350 W CN 2017078350W WO 2018161380 A1 WO2018161380 A1 WO 2018161380A1
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copper
alloy
beryllium
copper alloy
beryllium copper
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PCT/CN2017/078350
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French (fr)
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韩坦
朱戴博
陈红
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苏州金江铜业有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/003—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals by induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing an alloy, in particular to an easy-cut beryllium copper alloy and a preparation method thereof.
  • Beryllium copper is a copper-based alloy material with niobium as the basic alloying element, and is a copper-based alloy strengthened by ageing. After solid solution and aging heat treatment, the material has high strength, hardness and elastic limit, small elastic hysteresis, good stability, and has fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low temperature resistance, non-magnetic property, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and impact. It does not produce a series of excellent comprehensive performances such as sparks. It is known as the “king of colored elastic materials” and is widely used in electronics, electrical, communications, instrumentation, telecommunications, light industry, machinery, chemical, coal and other fields. Beryllium copper materials are divided into two categories.
  • the first category is high-strength beryllium copper alloy with a content of 1.6-2.1%, such as American ASTM grades C17200 and C17300, and the second type is high-conductivity germanium with a rhodium content of 0.2-0.7%. Copper alloys, such as American ASTM grades C17500, C17510, and the like.
  • the turning force of the material must be reduced to insufficient deformation of the small and micro-sized parts.
  • the material's easy turning ability can meet the requirements of high-speed automatic machine tool turning speed and improve turning efficiency.
  • Lead-containing copper alloys cause environmental pollution during production and use. Lead in lead-containing copper alloys will slowly precipitate out under the influence of impurities in drinking water and organic acids, which endangers human health. The use of lead-bismuth copper alloys in household appliances, children's toys, electronic components, automobiles and other spare parts, the European Union's exemption from the content of lead in copper alloys is being phased out, but there is currently no excellent turning without lead.
  • the present invention solves this problem by replacing the market demand for lead-containing beryllium copper alloy with a beryllium copper alloy.
  • Lead is neither dissolved in copper nor forms an intermetallic compound with copper.
  • the melting point of lead is low (327 ° C).
  • Lead-containing beryllium copper alloy is prone to cracking of beryllium copper alloy during hot working, so it contains Lead-bismuth copper alloy has poor thermal processing properties;
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a free-cut beryllium copper alloy and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present invention provides a beryllium copper alloy comprising ⁇ Be 0.2 to 2.1 wt.%, ⁇ Te 0.1 to 0.7 wt.%, and other elements: cobalt Co, nickel Ni, phosphorus P, and rare earth. Element and impurity element, the sum is ⁇ 4wt.%, and the rest is Cu.
  • the preparation method of the beryllium copper alloy is:
  • the order of feeding in the smelting process is: cathode copper, copper-nickel intermediate alloy and/or copper-cobalt intermediate alloy and/or rare earth intermediate alloy, copper bismuth intermediate alloy, pure bismuth or copper bismuth intermediate alloy, smelting temperature It is 1100 ⁇ 1300°C, after the solution is dissolved, it is kept for 10-30min, after degassing and removing the impurities, it is allowed to stand for 5-20min, then non-vacuum or vacuum casting or semi-continuous or continuous casting;
  • step b The ingot obtained in step a is sequentially performed: diffusion annealing, plastic hot working, plastic cold working and annealing, solid solution, aging heat treatment process for the purpose of homogenizing the components, and the bar, wire, and copper of the beryllium copper alloy are processed.
  • Tube material is sequentially performed: diffusion annealing, plastic hot working, plastic cold working and annealing, solid solution, aging heat treatment process for the purpose of homogenizing the components, and the bar, wire, and copper of the beryllium copper alloy are processed.
  • the ingot obtained in the step a is sequentially performed: a diffusion annealing, a direct cold working and an annealing, a solid solution, an aging heat treatment process for the purpose of homogenizing the components, and a bar, wire, tube material obtained by processing the beryllium copper alloy. .
  • the smelting described in step a is smelting using a vacuum or non-vacuum induction furnace.
  • step b The plastic hot working process described in step b is an extrusion, rolling, and forging process.
  • step b The cold working process described in step b is a rolling, drawing, and rotary forging process.
  • the ingot obtained in the step a is directly subjected to the homogenization diffusion annealing, and the cold processing including the rolling, drawing and rotary forging processes is directly performed, and the annealing, solid solution and aging heat treatment processes are added in the processing flow.
  • the smelting described in the step a can be carried out in one shot or in two portions under vacuum smelting conditions.
  • the two-time feeding is specifically to add the cathode copper, the copper-nickel intermediate alloy and/or the copper-cobalt intermediate alloy and/or the rare earth intermediate alloy for the first time, the second copper-cerium intermediate alloy and the pure tantalum. .
  • Cu 2 Te can be formed with a copper matrix
  • the second phase is dispersed in the intergranular or crystal, and the second phase is soft and dispersed in the copper matrix, so that the chips are easily broken, thereby improving the cutting performance of the material;
  • Cu 2 Te has good high temperature stability and high melting point (1140 ° C), which makes the easy-cut beryllium copper alloy can be subjected to hot working such as hot extrusion, hot rolling and hot forging.
  • Beryllium copper an alloy of tantalum (Te) and pure copper, American ASTM standard grade C14500, beryllium copper [1] (C14500) alloy has excellent cutting performance and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as corrosion resistance Performance; is the best copper alloy material in high copper alloy; and has good hot and cold processing performance, forging, casting, extrusion drawing, stamping and stamping.
  • the role of other elements can be further supplemented: the role of other elements Co, Ni, Ti, the content and role of rare earth elements is the addition range of conventional beryllium copper alloy, in order to maintain the turning performance and high temperature softening resistance due to the addition of antimony elements.
  • the action of Co, Ni, and Ti is to refine grains, hinder grain growth during heating, delay decomposition of solid solution, inhibit grain boundary reaction, reduce hard and brittle ⁇ 1 phase, and improve age hardening effect.
  • rare earth elements mainly composed of lanthanum, cerium and lanthanum is multifaceted, and is beneficial for improving oxidation resistance, improving electrical conductivity, refining crystal grains and improving mechanical properties.
  • the easy turning level detection method is based on Appendix A of the "Free Cutting Copper Alloy Rod” GB-T 26306-2010 (informative applicability turning detection method), the same below.
  • plastic hot processing stability bismuth and copper form Cu 2 Te, high temperature stability, high melting point (1140 ° C), making easy-cut beryllium copper alloy can be carried out such as hot extrusion, hot rolling, hot forging, etc.
  • Hot processing lead-containing beryllium copper alloy is prone to cracking of beryllium copper alloy during hot working, so lead and antimony copper
  • the niobium alloy of the invention is 75 ° C ⁇ 10 ° C higher than the conventional high niobium copper alloy (the niobium content of 1.7% - 2.1%), which is higher than the conventional low niobium alloy ( ⁇ The high temperature softening temperature point of 0.2%-0.6%) is increased by 90 °C ⁇ 10 °C, which expands the working range of the beryllium copper material.
  • niobium can improve the anti-corrosion ability of beryllium copper alloy.
  • the environmental burden is small: to avoid the environmental hazards of lead in the existing lead-containing copper.
  • the order of feeding is cathode copper CATH-1, copper-bismuth intermediate alloy (containing ⁇ 4%), pure bismuth, copper-nickel intermediate alloy (containing nickel 10%), copper-cobalt intermediate alloy (Cobalt containing 10%), smelting with 750Kg power frequency cored furnace non-vacuum induction furnace, melting temperature is 1170 ° C, after the solution is dissolved, heat preservation for 15 min, argon gas is introduced to remove impurities and gas, after degassing and impurity removal After standing for 15 minutes, the ⁇ 155 round ingot was cast by hydraulic semi-continuous casting machine, casting temperature was 1100 ° C, argon gas protection, casting speed was 150-250 mm/min, cooling water pressure was 0.3 MPa, sawing and cutting ruler ⁇ 155 ⁇ 330;
  • the hot ingot is hot-extruded at a temperature of 910 ° C, the extrusion ratio is 53:1, the extruder is a 2150T double-action horizontal extruder, and the outer diameter is ⁇ 71, and the wall thickness is 3.5;
  • the cutting performance data of the prepared beryllium copper tube (TH04) is shown in Table 3.
  • the cutting performance data of the prepared C17510 tube is shown in Table 3.
  • the raw materials are cathode copper CATH-1, copper bismuth intermediate alloy (containing ⁇ 10%), copper bismuth intermediate alloy (containing ⁇ 10%), copper-nickel intermediate alloy (containing nickel 10%) ), copper-cobalt intermediate alloy (containing 10% cobalt), smelting in a vacuum induction furnace, first adding cathode copper CATH-1, copper-bismuth intermediate alloy (containing ⁇ 10%), copper-nickel intermediate alloy (containing nickel 10%), Copper-cobalt intermediate alloy (containing 10% cobalt), after melting, adding copper beryllium intermediate alloy (containing cerium 10%), copper cerium intermediate alloy (containing cerium 10%), melting, heating to 1270 ° C, high temperature slag removal Then, the low power is cooled to 1120 ° C, and the temperature is kept for 20 min.
  • the above process is continuously vacuumed, the vacuum degree is maintained at 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and then continuous casting is performed by using a non-vacuum level to obtain a ⁇ 22 ⁇ coil
  • This product can be mainly used as the raw material for the inner conductor of the RF coaxial connector for turning, which can meet the dimensional accuracy guarantee during the processing of its small size (because the turning force is reduced, the deformation of the part is avoided), and the processing efficiency Claim.
  • the cutting performance data of the prepared beryllium copper tube (TH04) are shown in Table 6.

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Abstract

一种碲铍铜合金，成分包括Be 0.2～2.1wt.％，Te 0.1～0.7wt.％，及其他总和≤4％wt的Co、Ni、Ti、稀土元素及杂质元素，其余为Cu；制备方法为a.按照重量百分比进行配料、投料、熔炼及铸造得到锭坯；b.将步骤a得到的锭坯依次通过均匀化热处理、热加工工艺、冷加工工艺及退火、固溶、时效热处理，制得碲铍铜合金。通过在铍铜合金中添加碲，碲可以与铜基体形成Cu 2Te，其高温稳定性好，既保留了铍铜优秀的物理力学及耐腐蚀性能，又在环保的前提下极大地改善了材料的切削性能，还可以进行塑性能。

Description

一种碲铍铜合金及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种合金的制备方法，尤其是一种易切削碲铍铜合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
铍铜是以铍为基本合金元素的铜基合金材料，属于时效析出强化的铜基合金。材料经固溶和时效热处理后，具有高的强度、硬度和弹性极限，弹性滞后小，稳定性好，并且具有耐疲劳、耐腐蚀、耐磨、耐低温、无磁性、高导电导热性、冲击时不产生火花等一系列优良的综合性能，被誉为“有色弹性材料之王”，被广泛应用于电子、电气、通讯、仪器、仪表、电讯、轻工、机械、化工、煤炭等领域。铍铜材料分为两大类，第一类为含铍量1.6～2.1％的高强铍铜合金，如美国ASTM牌号C17200、C17300，第二类为含铍量为0.2～0.7％的高导电铍铜合金，如美国ASTM牌号C17500、C17510等。
随着电子元器件小型化的趋势，对用铍铜合金棒、线、管材料为原料进行车削加工的电子元器件的尺寸要求小微型化、尺寸精度要求到微米级，为控制尺寸精度，要求铍铜合金的车削加工时的车削力提出以下要求：
1、材料的车削力必须减少到不足以导致小微尺寸零件的变形。
2、材料的易车削能力能够满足高速自动机床车削速度的要求，提高车削效率。
基于满足以上两点的同时必须保证和提高铍铜的固有一系列优良的综合性能。
为提高铍铜合金车削加工性能，常用的方法是在铍铜合金中添加铅，但是存在以下弊端：
(1)含铅铜合金在生产和使用过程中会造成环境污染，在饮用水中的杂质及有机酸等的作用下含铅铜合金中的铅会缓慢析出，危害人体健康，这限制了含铅铍铜合金在家电、儿童玩具、电子元器件、汽车等零配件中的使用，欧盟对铅在铜合金中的含量的豁免规定正在逐步取消，但是目前尚无一种不含铅的优秀车削性能的铍铜合金来替代含铅铍铜合金的市场需求，本发明解决了这个问题。x
(2)铅既不固溶于铜，也不与铜形成金属间化合物，铅的熔点低(327℃)，含铅的铍铜合金易在热加工过程中容易造成铍铜合金开裂，因此含铅铍铜合金热加工性能较差；
近几年，有为改善铜合金切削加工性能而添加铋的文献报道，但是实际运用受到限制，原因是铋的添加对铜合金的塑性影响较大，在塑性加工过程中容易造 成合金开裂，从而不能加工成型，铋的添加造成材料使用中的疲劳应力开裂及腐蚀开裂，因此铋元素一直是作为一种对铜合金性能严重危害的杂质元素而在冶炼和加工中进行严格的含量控制。
综上所述，研究出一种易于切削的铍铜合金是目前需要解决的重要问题之一。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种易切削碲铍铜合金及其制备方法。
技术方案：为了实现以上目的，本发明提供一种碲铍铜合金，包括铍Be 0.2～2.1wt.％，碲Te 0.1～0.7wt.％，其他元素：钴Co、镍Ni、磷P、稀土元素及杂质元素，总和≤4wt.％，其余为Cu。
所述碲铍铜合金的制备方法为：
a.按照重量百分比进行配料、投料、熔炼及铸造得到锭坯；
熔炼过程中投料顺序依次为：阴极铜，铜-镍中间合金和(或)铜-钴中间合金和(或)稀土中间合金，铜铍中间合金，纯碲或铜碲中间合金，，熔炼的温度为1100～1300℃，至溶体溶化后，保温10-30min，经过除气、除杂工序后，静置5-20min，后进行非真空或真空浇铸或半连续或连续铸造；
b.将步骤a得到的锭坯依次进行：为实现成分均匀化目的的扩散退火、塑性热加工、塑性冷加工和退火、固溶、时效热处理工艺，加工制得碲铍铜合金的棒、线、管材料；
c.或者，将步骤a得到的锭坯依次进行：为实现成分均匀化目的的扩散退火、直接进行冷加工和退火、固溶、时效热处理工艺加工制得碲铍铜合金的棒、线、管材料。
步骤a所述的熔炼为采用真空或非真空感应电炉熔炼。
步骤b所述的塑性热加工工艺为挤压、轧制、锻造加工工艺。
步骤b所述的冷加工工艺为轧制、拉拔、旋锻加工工艺。
步骤c具体为将步骤a得到的锭坯在进行成分均匀化扩散退火后直接进行包括轧制、拉拔、旋锻加工工艺的冷加工，加工流程中加入退火、固溶、时效热处理工艺。
步骤a所述的熔炼，在真空熔炼条件下，可以一次性投料或分两次投料。
所述的分两次投料具体为第一次加入阴极铜、铜-镍中间合金和(或)铜-钴中间合金和(或)稀土中间合金等，第二次加铜铍中间合金和纯碲。
所添加元素的作用：
碲：可以与铜基体形成Cu2Te；
(1)此种第二相弥散分布于晶间或晶内，这种第二相较软，且弥散分布于铜基体中，使得切屑易断，从而达到改善材料切削性能；
(2)Cu2Te的高温稳定性好，熔点高(1140℃)，使得易切削碲铍铜合金可以进行如热挤压、热轧、热锻等热加工。
碲(Te)改善车削性能的旁例补充说明：
碲铜，一种碲(Te)与纯铜的合金材料，美国ASTM标准牌号为C14500，碲铜[1](C14500)合金具有极好的易切削性能和优良的导电、导热性能，以及抗腐蚀性能；是高铜合金中切削性能最好的铜合金材料；而且冷热加工性能较好，可锻造、铸造、挤压拉制、冲制模压、镦煅。
其他元素的作用也可进一步补充说明：其他元素的作用Co、Ni、Ti、稀土元素的含量及作用是常规的铍铜合金添加范围，是为了保持因为加入碲元素提高的车削性能、抗高温软化性能、塑性热加工性能之外的其他基本性能的物理、机械性能的而加入的。具体来说Co、Ni、Ti作用是细化晶粒、阻碍加热过程中的晶粒长大、延缓固溶体分解、抑制晶界反应、减少硬脆γ1相、提高时效硬化效果。以镧、铈、镨为主的稀土元素的作用是多方面的，对提高抗氧化性、提高导电率、细化晶粒和提高机械性能指标有益。以上各元素累计及铅、硫、铋、硅等杂质元素的重量总和≤4wt.％，
有益效果：
本发明提供的一种碲铍铜合金及其制备方法，具备以下优点：
1、易于切削：碲的添加可以与铜基体形成Cu2Te，这种第二相较软，且弥散分布于铜基体中，使得切屑易断，从而达到改善材料切削性能；以易车削黄铜HPb62-3(美国C36000)的车削指数为100，碲铍铜的易车削等级可以达到65-85，普通铍铜的车削等级为12-25。
易车削等级检测方法是依据《易切削铜合金棒》GB-T 26306-2010的附录A(资料性附录车削性检测方法)，以下同。
2、塑性热加工稳定性好：碲与铜形成Cu2Te，的高温稳定性好，熔点高(1140℃)，使得易切削碲铍铜合金可以进行如热挤压、热轧、热锻等热加工；含铅的铍铜合金易在热加工过程中容易造成铍铜合金开裂，因此含铅铍铜合
金热加工性能较差；
3、提高高温软化温度点，本发明的碲铍合金比了传统高铍铍铜合金(铍含量1.7％-2.1％)的高温软化温度点提高75℃±10℃，比传统低铍合金(铍含量0.2％-0.6％)的高温软化温度点提高90℃±10℃，扩大了铍铜材料运用的工况范围。
4、碲的添加能提高铍铜合金的抗电蚀能力。
5、环境负担小：避免现有含铅铍铜中铅元素对环境的危害。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，进一步阐明本发明。
实施例
实施例1
挤压法制备碲铍铜管材
(1)按照表1重量百分比进行配料，投料顺序依次为阴极铜CATH-1、铜铍中间合金(含铍4％)、纯碲、铜镍中间合金(含镍10％)、铜钴中间合金(含钴10％)，采用750Kg工频有芯炉非真空感应电炉进行熔炼，熔炼温度为1170℃，至溶体溶化后，保温15min，通入氩气除杂质及气体，经过除气除杂后，静置15min，后用液压式半连续铸造机铸造Φ155圆锭，铸造温度1100℃，氩气保护，铸造速度150～250mm/min，冷却水压0.3MPa，锯切定尺Φ155×330；
(2)采用910℃温度对圆锭进行热挤压，挤压比为53∶1，挤压机为2150T双动卧式挤压机，挤压外径Φ71，壁厚3.5的管坯；
(3)经过多道次的拉伸加工和固溶热处理，得到外径Φ49壁厚2.75管，状态为TD04，然后经过480℃/2h时效热处理，两辊矫直机矫直、锯切定尺得到TH04状态，外径Φ45，壁厚2.7，长度2500的碲铍铜管。
关于所制备的碲铍铜管(TH04)的切削性能数据见表3所示。
关于所制备的C17510管的切削性能数据见表3所示。
表1 碲铍铜管成分
Be Co Ni Te Fe Al Si 余量
0.4 0.2 1.8 0.35 0.05 0.1 0.08 Cu
表2 力学性能(TH04)
抗拉强度 720MPa
维氏硬度 235
导电率IACS 58％
表3 切削指数(相对HPb62-3)
碲铍铜管(TH04) C17510管(对比组)
68～79％ 27％
实施例2
实施例二：连铸法制备碲铍铜棒材
(1)按照表4重量百分比进行配料，原料为阴极铜CATH-1、铜铍中间合金(含铍10％)、铜碲中间合金(含碲10％)、铜镍中间合金(含镍10％)、铜钴中间合金(含钴10％)，采用真空感应电炉进行熔炼，首先加入阴极铜CATH-1、铜碲中间合金(含碲10％)、铜镍中间合金(含镍10％)、铜钴中间合金(含钴10％)，熔化后使用真空加料装置加入铜碲中间合金(含碲10％)、铜铍中间合金(含铍10％)，熔化后升温至1270℃，高温除渣，然后低功率降温至1120℃，保温20min，以上过程保持连续抽真空，真空度保持在8×10-3Pa，后采用非真空水平连续铸造，得到Φ22×coil坯料；
(2)将坯料通过轧线机，在790℃温度下热轧变形至Φ14，然后经过多道次固溶热处理和拉伸加工处理后，得到Φ7.2×coil棒，矫直定尺Φ7.2×2500；
(3)最后，通过无芯磨床加工至Φ7±0.01×2500，状态TD04，或进一步进行315℃/2h时效热处理得到TH04状态。
本产品可主要用于车削加工射频同轴连接器的内导体原件的原料，可以满足其微小尺寸的加工过程中对尺寸精度保证(因为减少了车削力，避免了零件变形)，和加工效率的要求。
关于所制备的碲铍铜管(TH04)的切削性能数据见表6所示。
关于所制备的C17200棒的切削性能数据见表6所示。
表4 碲铍铜管成分及对比组C17200成分
Figure PCTCN2017078350-appb-000001
表5 力学性能
状态 TD04 TH04
抗拉强度 780MPa 1275
屈服强度 730MPa 1140
维氏硬度 245 415
表6 切削性能(相对HPb59-1)
Figure PCTCN2017078350-appb-000002
上述实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的是让熟悉该技术领域的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此来限制本发明的保 护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做出的等同变换或修饰，都应涵装置在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种碲铍铜合金，其特征在于：包括铍Be 0.2～2.1wt.％，碲Te 0.1～0.7wt.％，其他元素：钴Co、镍Ni、磷P、稀土元素及杂质元素，总和≤4wt.％，其余为Cu。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碲铍铜合金，其特征在于：所述碲铍铜合金的制备方法为：
    a.按照重量百分比进行配料、投料、熔炼及铸造得到锭坯；
    熔炼过程中投料顺序依次为：阴极铜，铜-镍中间合金和(或)铜-钴中间合金和(或)稀土中间合金，铜铍中间合金，纯碲或铜碲中间合金，，熔炼的温度为1100～1300℃，至溶体溶化后，保温10-30min，经过除气、除杂工序后，静置5-20min，后进行非真空或真空浇铸或半连续或连续铸造；
    b.将步骤a得到的锭坯依次进行：为实现成分均匀化目的的扩散退火、塑性热加工、塑性冷加工和退火、固溶、时效热处理工艺，加工制得碲铍铜合金的棒、线、管材料；
    c.或者，将步骤a得到的锭坯依次进行：为实现成分均匀化目的的扩散退火、直接进行冷加工和退火、固溶、时效热处理工艺加工制得碲铍铜合金的棒、线、管材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤a所述的熔炼为采用真空或非真空感应电炉熔炼。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤b所述的塑性热加工工艺为挤压、轧制、锻造加工工艺。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤b所述的冷加工工艺为轧制、拉拔、旋锻加工工艺。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤c具体为将步骤a得到的锭坯在进行成分均匀化扩散退火后直接进行包括轧制、拉拔、旋锻加工工艺的冷加工，加工流程中加入退火、固溶、时效热处理工艺。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤a所述的熔炼，在真空熔炼条件下，可以一次性投料或分两次投料。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的一次投料为一次性投入阴极铜、铜-镍中间合金和(或)铜-钴中间合金和(或)稀土中间合金，铍中间合金和纯碲。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种碲铍铜合金的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的分两次投料具体为第一次加入阴极铜、铜-镍中间合金和(或)铜-钴中间合金和(或)稀土中间合金等，第二次加铜铍中间合金和纯碲。
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