WO2018133880A1 - 铁路快运货车转向架 - Google Patents

铁路快运货车转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133880A1
WO2018133880A1 PCT/CN2018/075133 CN2018075133W WO2018133880A1 WO 2018133880 A1 WO2018133880 A1 WO 2018133880A1 CN 2018075133 W CN2018075133 W CN 2018075133W WO 2018133880 A1 WO2018133880 A1 WO 2018133880A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pair
rubber
bolster
positioning
cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/075133
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐勇
刘凤伟
姜瑞金
王宝磊
肖光毅
李梓铭
张良威
刘爱文
黎巧能
江荷燕
Original Assignee
中车长江车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710058580.3A external-priority patent/CN106809233B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201720103089.3U external-priority patent/CN206456374U/zh
Application filed by 中车长江车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车长江车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2018133880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133880A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle trucks, and particularly relates to a railway express freight car bogie.
  • Heavy-duty and fast-speed is the development direction of railway wagons. According to the development of domestic railway freight transport and the requirements of railway technical policy, it is necessary to develop a fast railway wagon with a running speed of 140km/h ⁇ 160km/h and a axle load of not more than 18t.
  • the fast freight car bogie is an important part of the fast railway wagon, which directly affects the running speed and load capacity of the vehicle.
  • the frame type fast freight car bogie mainly has a rocking table structure, a linole damper, a positioning fast truck bogie, a non-shaking table bolster, a rubber pile guide column type, a fast freight car bogie, and a non-shaking table bolster, a rubber spring positioning.
  • Fast truck bogies but no matter which bogie, axle box positioning structure and bolster arrangement have no mature experience, there are limitations in high-speed running stability and bogie maintenance.
  • China utility model patents (publication number CN2517641, publication date 2002.10.23) and Chinese utility model patents (publication number CN 200945865, publication date 2007.09.12) respectively disclose a high-speed freight car bogie and a fast railway freight car bogie.
  • Both bogies adopt the structural model of the overall frame and bolster.
  • the axle box suspension system uses a combination of steel round springs, rubber piles, metal liquid springs and hydraulic shock absorbers.
  • the second suspension system uses rubber piles.
  • the structure of the bolster is a unit brake system with two brake discs per axis.
  • the axle box positioning structure adopts rubber pile guide column positioning or rubber spring positioning. Because of the positioning structure, the rubber pile guide column and rubber spring are used in vertical and horizontal directions. The stiffness matching in the three directions is difficult, and the three-way stiffness changes greatly after long-term operation of the vehicle, which reduces the stability of the high-speed operation of the bogie. At present, it has been gradually eliminated on the passenger car bogie, and there is a risk in the use of the fast truck bogie.
  • the Chinese utility model patent discloses a fast railway freight car bogie, which adopts a structural structure of a whole frame and a bolster, and the bolster realizes the vertical direction through the suspension rod system and the frame composition. connection.
  • the bogie adopts a boom-type rocking table structure, and the bolster is located at the lower part of the frame, which is not conducive to the lower boundary of the bogie.
  • the risk of the bolster dropping the track is large, and the linole damper used is a kind of friction.
  • the damper makes the longitudinal positioning rigidity of the bogie too large, the curve passing performance is not excellent, and the use of the wear parts increases the maintenance cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bogie suitable for railway express delivery trucks that meets the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technologies and has a running speed of 140 km/h to 160 km/h, an axle weight of not more than 18 t, and high-speed running performance, and has low maintenance cost. .
  • the railway express freight car bogie designed by the invention comprises a frame, four sets of arm-type axle box positioning devices, two sets of wheel sets, a bolster and a basic braking device;
  • the frame comprises a pair of double web box-shaped side beams and a pair of round steel tube-shaped beams, the two ends of which are respectively inserted into the side beams double webs of the pair of side beams, and the two side beams of the frame
  • the four-rotor axle box positioning device is located on the two sets of wheel sets, and a pair of beams are provided with a pair of brake hangers and a three-way mount;
  • the bolster includes a bolster upper cover, a bolster lower cover, a bolster web, and a pair of side bearing boxes disposed on both sides of the bolster upper cover;
  • the arm-type axle box positioning device comprises an axle box body formed by enclosing the positioning arm and the clamping hoop, a wheel-pair bearing disposed in the cavity of the axle box body, and an axle box installed at an outer end of the cavity of the axle box body
  • An end cap an anti-skid adapter provided at one end of the axle housing, an axle box elastic suspension system disposed between the top deck of the positioning arm and a front end of the frame, and a frame end on one side of the axle housing a vertical hydraulic damper between the end of the rotating end of the positioning arm;
  • the frame further includes a pair of curved longitudinal beams including an arcuate longitudinal beam upper cover, an arcuate longitudinal beam lower cover, and a curved curved longitudinal beam upper cover and a curved longitudinal beam lower cover
  • the curved longitudinal beam single web of the plate, the curved longitudinal beam upper cover plate and the curved longitudinal beam lower cover both extend outwardly with end ribs welded on the beam;
  • the middle of the pair of side beams is a downwardly concave U-shaped cavity, the bottom plane of the U-shaped cavity is welded with a secondary rubber pile mounting platform;
  • the middle side of the curved longitudinal beam upper cover of a pair of curved longitudinal beams is welded to the second-line rubber pile installation
  • a pair of curved longitudinal beams of curved longitudinal beams are connected to the side webs by side ribs and side girders;
  • the bolster further includes a pair of two-series rubber pile mounts at both ends of the damper web.
  • the upper surface of the pair of second rubber pile mounts is in contact with the lower surface of the bolster upper cover, and the pair of second rubber piles
  • the end surface of the mounting seat web of the mounting seat is in contact with the two ends of the damper web, and the lower surface end surface of the pair of second rubber pile mounting seat faces the two ends of the bolster lower cover;
  • the front end portion of the pair of second rubber pile mounting seats a secondary rubber pile mounting hole penetrating vertically through the front end portion, and a rear end portion of the pair of second rubber pile mounts is obliquely symmetrically distributed with respect to the bolster;
  • the upper bolster cover is mounted opposite the second rubber pile a positioning hole is disposed at a position of the hole, and a limiting ring sleeve is disposed in the positioning hole;
  • the bottom of the second rubber pile is fixed on the second rubber pile installation platform by bolts, and the top of the second rubber pile is inserted into the installation hole of the second rubber pile until the convex umbilicus at the top of the second rubber pile passes through the positioning hole and is limited to the limit ring.
  • the first lateral hydraulic damper mount is disposed at the outer side ends of the two curved longitudinal beam single webs, and the second lateral hydraulic damper mount is welded on both sides of the bolster web, two second The transverse hydraulic damper mount is symmetrically distributed with respect to the yoke web, and the first lateral hydraulic damper mount on the two curved longitudinal beam single webs and the second lateral surface on both sides of the bolster web
  • a hydraulic shock absorber is disposed between the hydraulic shock absorber mounts;
  • One end of the two beams is staggered to extend a pair of side beams of the side beam double webs, and one end of the beam extending from the side beams of the double webs is provided with a first traction rod seat, and the two first traction rod seats are opposite to the frame An oblique diagonal arrangement; a second traction rod seat is welded to the lower surface of the rear end portion of the pair of second rubber pile mounts; a first traction rod base at both ends of the pair of beams and a rear end portion of the pair of second rubber pile mounts A traction rod device is disposed between the second traction rod seats;
  • a shaft box spring mounting cylinder is installed between the side beam upper cover plate of the pair of side beams and the side beam lower cover plate and at both ends of the double side webs of the side beam, and the axle box spring is located on the side beam lower cover plate
  • a through hole communicating with the axle box spring mounting cylinder is opened directly below the mounting cylinder;
  • a pivot arm seat is disposed at a bottom of the pair of side beams and at both ends of the U-shaped cavity, and a mounting cavity is disposed on the rotating arm seat;
  • the box elastic suspension system is built in the axle box spring mounting cylinder, and the fixed end of the positioning arm is connected with the installation cavity of the arm seat through the elastic positioning node;
  • the end surface of each axle box spring mounting cylinder is provided with a vertical hydraulic shock absorber Mounting seat, the vertical hydraulic damper is fixedly mounted on the vertical hydraulic damper mount;
  • the axle box elastic suspension system comprises an annular rubber cushion disposed on the bottom surface of the platform, an inner steel spring and an outer steel spring pressed in parallel on the annular rubber cushion, and a series of rubber springs lining the inner steel spring. And the top of the series of rubber springs is located on the upper end faces of the inner steel spring and the outer steel spring, and the bottom of the series of rubber springs is disposed between the circular hole in the middle of the annular rubber cushion and the bottom surface of the cap through the inner steel spring .
  • the secondary rubber pile mounting platform and the side beam upper cover are connected by a splice weld to form a whole; the top plate of the transfer arm seat and the side girder lower cover are connected by a splice weld. Forming a whole; a weighing valve mounting seat is mounted on either side of the side beam upper cover of the pair of side beams and above the axle box spring mounting cylinder.
  • a height of a rear end portion of the pair of secondary rubber pile mounts is smaller than a height of the front end portion, and a circular arc transition between the front end portion and the rear end portion.
  • the bolster cover comprises a front cover, a rear cover and a downwardly concave concave cover, and the two ends of the concave cover are respectively associated with the front cover and the rear cover
  • the butt welding is integrally formed; a reinforcing rib is welded between the two sides of the lower surface of the concave cover and the bilge web, and the bottom surface of the concave cover is welded with a core plate;
  • the upper end surface of the second rubber pile mounting hole of the rubber pile mount is provided with a secondary rubber pile pad welded to the lower surface of the upper cover of the bolster, and the second rubber blanket plate is provided with the positioning hole Corresponding and communicating pad passage holes;
  • the second traction rod seat is welded to the lower surface of the rear end portion of the secondary rubber pile mount by the traction rod seat bottom plate.
  • the series of rubber springs comprises an inverted T-shaped cone column located at the center of the inner steel spring, a laminated rubber layer integrally formed by multi-layer metal foil and multi-layer rubber sheets, and a rubber layer in a stacking rubber a rigid platform on the outer side of the layer, the top of the rigid platform is located at an upper end surface of the inner steel spring and the outer steel spring, and the bottom of the inverted T-shaped cone is inserted into the intermediate through hole of the laminated rubber layer until the annular rubber is disposed Between the circular hole in the middle of the cushion and the bottom surface of the platform.
  • the elastic positioning node comprises two elastic positioning sleeves enclosed in the rotating end shaft holes of the positioning arm, and two rigid positioning positions of the inner liner in the elastic cavity formed by the two elastic positioning sleeves a sleeve and a positioning bolt;
  • the elastic positioning node is formed in a mounting cavity of the arm seat, and the positioning bolt sequentially passes through a fixing hole of the hanging plate of the arm seat, an elastic cavity, and two
  • the rigid positioning sleeve encloses the formed positioning cavity and the fixing hole through the hanging plate on the other side of the arm seat and is fixed by a nut, and one end of the two rigid positioning sleeves extends to the middle of the elastic cavity a portion and the other end extend into a fixing hole of the hanging plate of the other side of the arm seat;
  • the fixing hole of the hanging plate is a fixing hole formed by the upper hanging plate and the lower card plate connected to the frame, and
  • the lower card board is fixedly connected to the upper hanging plate from the bottom up by bolts.
  • the positioning rotating arm and the seal of the clamping hoop and the bearing rear stop are labyrinth seal structures; the middle portion of the clamping hoop is provided with an infrared shaft temperature detecting hole, and the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole A rubber boot is lined with the wheelset bearing.
  • the positioning arm end surface is provided with a lifting shoulder
  • the vertical hydraulic damper mounting seat is provided with a wheel pair lifting corresponding to the lifting shoulder
  • the axle box spring is installed
  • the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder is provided with a stop for the limit wheel pair lifting.
  • both ends of the curved longitudinal beam upper cover are provided with a longitudinal stop seat, and a first lateral stop seat is disposed at a middle of the outer side of the curved longitudinal beam single web; A pair of second lateral stop seats are welded to both ends of the cover plate.
  • axle housing is provided with an axle box annular groove at a mounting surface of the anti-skid adapter, and the anti-skid adapter is disposed at a corresponding position with the axle housing.
  • axle box annular groove at a mounting surface of the anti-skid adapter
  • anti-skid adapter is disposed at a corresponding position with the axle housing.
  • non-slipper adapter seat ring that cooperates with the annular groove of the axle housing; the axle housing annular groove and the mounting surface of the anti-skid adapter socket are lined with rubber washers.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the U-shaped cavity in the middle of the frame side beam is provided with a secondary rubber pile installation platform to provide installation space for the bolster and the second-line rubber pile, ensuring that the interface size of the express freight car bogie and the car body can meet the needs of the existing railway wagons.
  • two side rib joints are arranged between the side beam and the curved longitudinal beam, and the middle portion of the curved longitudinal beam upper cover plate is connected to the side surface of the side beam two-series rubber pile mounting platform to ensure the first transverse end of the curved longitudinal beam
  • the lateral load received by the block can be transmitted to the side sill, reducing the stress of the welded joint between the curved longitudinal beam and the beam, and improving the bearing capacity of the frame to the lateral load
  • four of the two side sills are mounted on the spring
  • There is a direct weighing valve mount to accommodate the installation of the weighing valve
  • the first traction rod seat is respectively mounted on the part of the two beams extending from the side beam, and the end of the beam is connected by a ring weld
  • a traction rod seat is arranged diagonally opposite to the frame to accommodate the installation of the traction rod of the bolster type structure type bogie;
  • the bolster is made of a forged second-stage rubber pile mount instead of the welded structure whose actual stress exceeds the allowable stress, and the strength of the part is increased. Since the original welded part has been replaced by the base metal, the allowable stress is also increased to the level of the base metal. Although the stress at this place is not lowered, since the allowable stress of the part has been increased, the structure is not changed. On the premise that the strength of the bolster is increased without increasing the weight or increasing the strength level of the sheet; the height of the rear end portion of the second-stage rubber pile mount is smaller than the height of the front end portion, that is, the front end portion and the rear end portion.
  • variable cross-section design makes more parts of the second-line rubber pile exposed, so as to improve the heat dissipation speed of the second-line rubber pile, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the second-line rubber pile;
  • the use of the central concave bolster is beneficial to reduce The height of the heart plate to the rail surface, that is, the center of gravity of the vehicle is lowered;
  • the axle box elastic suspension system used effectively reduces the high-frequency impact of the vehicle during high-speed operation. Due to the addition of a series of rubber springs with load-bearing and vibration-reducing functions, the vertical direction of the bogies of heavy-duty conditions is increased. Stiffness, the variable stiffness of the axle box of the frame type bogie is realized; the vertical hydraulic damper with secondary vibration reduction function is used to realize the frame type steering with a series of rubber springs involved in the working condition of the bogie.
  • the damping force of the axle box elastic suspension system; the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole is arranged in the middle part of the clamping hoop, which solves the problem that the existing axle frame of the truck frame bogie can not adopt the infrared temperature measuring technology when the line is running It can detect the bearing temperature of the train under running condition in real time, avoid the hot shaft fault caused by the leak detection, and ensure the safety of railway transportation; since the middle part of the clamp hoop is provided with the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole, the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole is A rubber dust jacket is arranged between the wheel and the bearing to effectively prevent dust from penetrating from the middle portion of the clamp; the positioning arm and the clamp are respectively sealed with the rear of the bearing. Gong seal structure effectively improve the dust prevention oil capacity axis of the housing; Lifting gear wheel Lifting shoulder cooperating with the axis of the housing so as to prevent separation of the frame when the frame type bogie is lifted;
  • the processing difficulty of the axle box body and the anti-skid device adapter is effectively reduced without changing the good matching between the mechanical anti-skid device and the axle box body.
  • the machining process of the positioning arm is improved; at the same time, the rubber washer is lined on the mounting surface of the annular groove of the axle box body and the anti-skid adapter socket to ensure the tightness of the anti-skid adapter and the axle housing.
  • the connection is effective to prevent the infiltration of dust and pollutants, and greatly improve the dustproof and oil proof ability of the axle box.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view showing the structure of a bogie of a railway express freight car of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the side beam of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a partial structural view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the beam of Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the curved longitudinal beam of Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic perspective view of the bolster of Figure 1;
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the bottom view of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the secondary rubber pile and the second rubber pile mount of Figure 8;
  • Figure 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the overall installation of the three-way structure of the swing arm type axle box positioning device of Figure 2;
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the axle box elastic suspension system of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a series of rubber springs of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the elastic positioning node of Figure 11;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of A-A of Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the sealing structure of the cavity of the axle housing of Figure 11;
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of the axle housing of Figure 11;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the axle housing and the anti-skid adapter of Figure 17;
  • Figure 19 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the portion M in Figure 18.
  • Rotary arm axle box positioning device 100 axle housing 110 (in which: axle housing annular recess 110a), axle housing end cover 111, cavity 112, wheelset bearing 113 (where: bearing rear gear 113a), rubber protection Dust cover 114, positioning arm 120, platform 121 (including: bottom surface 121a), lifting shoulder 122, shaft hole 123, elastic positioning node composition 130, positioning bolt 131, rigid positioning sleeve 132, elastic positioning sleeve 133, elasticity Cavity 134, positioning cavity 135, labyrinth sealing structure 140, axle box elastic suspension system 150, rubber cushion 151 (where: middle circular hole 151a), inner steel spring 152, outer steel spring 153, a series of rubber spring 154 ( Wherein: inverted T-shaped tapered column 154a, metal foil 154b, rubber sheet 154c, laminated rubber layer 154d, rigid bearing platform 154e, intermediate through hole 154f), clamping hoop 160, infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161, vertical hydraulic pressure reduction The vibrator 170,
  • the railway express freight car bogie shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 includes a frame 200, four sets of swing arm axle box positioning devices 100, two sets of wheel sets 500, a bolster 300 and a basic brake device 600. .
  • the frame 200 includes a pair of side frame members 240 of a double web box type structure, a pair of cross members 250 of a circular steel tube type structure, and a pair of curved longitudinal beams 280.
  • the side sill 240 includes a side sill double web 241, a side sill upper cover 242, and a side sill lower cover 243.
  • the middle portion of the side beam 240 is a downwardly concave U-shaped cavity 244, and the bottom plane 244a of the U-shaped cavity 244 is welded with a secondary rubber pile mounting platform 245, and the secondary rubber pile mounting platform 245 and the side beam are
  • the cover plate 242 is connected by a splice weld to form a whole;
  • the second-series rubber pile mounting platform 245 provides installation space for the bolster and the second-line rubber pile to accommodate the installation of the second-line rubber pile and the bolster, and to ensure the express freight car bogie
  • the interface size with the car body can meet the requirements of the existing railway wagons.
  • an axle box spring mounting cylinder 220 is mounted between the side sill upper cover 242 of the pair of side sills 240 and the side sill lower cover 243 and at both ends of the side sill double web 241, and the axle box spring is installed.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder 220 is provided with a stop 221 for lifting the pair of wheel sets, and the side beam lower cover 243 is open at a position directly below the axle box spring mounting cylinder 220 and communicates with the axle box spring mounting cylinder 220.
  • a hole 243a as shown in FIG.
  • a weighing valve mount 290 is mounted above any one of the four axle box spring mounting cylinders 220 to accommodate the installation of the weighing valve; a pair of side beams 240 At the bottom and at the outer ends of both ends of the U-shaped cavity 244, a pivot arm seat 210 is disposed.
  • the top plate 216 of the arm rest 210 and the side beam lower cover 243 are connected by a splice weld to form a whole body, thereby avoiding the weld bead
  • the arm seat 210 is provided with a mounting cavity 215 for mounting the elastic positioning node on the positioning arm; at the same time, the end faces of each axle box spring mounting cylinder 220 are provided with vertical hydraulic pressure reduction.
  • the vertical hydraulic damper mount 171 is an integral forged part, and the base 171a of the vertical hydraulic damper mount 171 is opened with a groove, and the base 171a peripheral groove and the axle box spring mounting cylinder 220 are opened.
  • the side beam lower cover 243 is connected by a lap weld.
  • Two ends of a pair of round steel tube-shaped beams 250 are respectively inserted into the side beam double webs 241 of the pair of side beams 240, and the beam 250 and the side beam double webs 241 are connected by a ring-shaped weld, as shown in FIG.
  • One end of the two beams 250 is staggered to protrude from the side beam double webs 241 of the pair of side beams 240, and the bottom end of the cross member 250 of the side beam double webs 241 is provided with a first traction rod seat 251, the first traction rod
  • the seat 251 is connected to the beam 250 by a ring-shaped weld, that is, one first traction rod holder 251 is at the bottom of one end of one beam 250, and the other first traction rod holder 251 is at the bottom of the other end of the other beam 250, so that two A traction rod seat 251 is not on the same side and is arranged diagonally opposite to the frame, and is adapted to the installation of the traction rod of the bolster type structure type bogie; in addition, a pair of beam 250 is provided with a pair of brake hangers 260 and one The tee mount 270, the brake hanger 260 and the tee mount 270 are each connected to the middle of the beam 250 by a lap wel
  • a pair of curved longitudinal beams 280 are disposed between the pair of beams 250.
  • the curved longitudinal beams 280 include curved longitudinal beam upper cover plates 281, curved longitudinal beam lower cover plates 282, and curved curved longitudinal beams.
  • the longitudinal end of the curved longitudinal beam upper cover 281 is provided with a longitudinal stop seat 286, which is curved longitudinally.
  • a first lateral stop seat 287 is disposed at a middle portion of the outer side surface of the beam single web 283, and a first lateral hydraulic damper mount 288 is disposed at an outer side end of the curved longitudinal beam single web 283.
  • Both ends of the curved longitudinal beam upper cover 281 and the curved longitudinal beam lower cover 282 extend outwardly with end ribs 284 welded to the beam 250 such that the ends of the pair of curved longitudinal beams 280 and the beam 250 welded, the end rib 284 is in the shape of a dovetail; the middle side of the curved longitudinal beam upper cover 281 of the pair of curved longitudinal beams 280 is welded on the side of the secondary rubber pile mounting platform 245, and at the same time, The curved longitudinal beam single web 283 of the curved longitudinal beam 280 is joined to the side beam double web 241 by two side ribs 285 such that the sides of the curved longitudinal beam 280 are welded to the sides of the side members 240; The lateral load received by the longitudinal beam 280 of the first lateral stop seat 287 can be transmitted to the side members 240, reducing the stress associated with the welded joints of the curved longitudinal beams 280 and the beam 250, and improving the frame's ability to withstand lateral loads.
  • the frame solves the problem that the prior art fast truck steering frame can not be adapted to the installation of the bolster, the second suspension device, the traction rod and the direct weighing valve in the form of the bolster structure bogie, and the curved longitudinal beam and the beam
  • the weld is subject to problems such as excessive stress reduction.
  • the bolster 300 includes a bolster cover 310, a bolster cover 320, a bolster web 330, a pair of side boxes 340 disposed on both sides of the bolster cover 310, and a damper web as shown in FIG.
  • the bolster is a middle lower box type beam structure, that is, the bolster upper cover 310 includes a front cover 313, a rear cover 314, and a downwardly concave concave cover 315, the front cover 313 and The end of the rear cover 314 is arranged obliquely symmetrically with respect to the bolster, and the bolster in the middle is used to reduce the height of the core to the rail surface, that is, to reduce the center of gravity of the vehicle.
  • the two ends of the concave cover plate 315 are respectively formed integrally with the front cover plate 313 and the rear cover plate 314.
  • the front cover plate 313 and the rear cover plate 314 are thick at both ends, and the concave cover plate 315 is thinly formed.
  • a variable cross-section design is adopted at the splice weld to ensure a natural transition of the wall thickness, and a reinforcing rib 315a is welded between the two sides of the lower surface of the concave cover 315 and the ram web 330 to increase the rigidity of the entire bolster;
  • the bottom surface 315b of the concave cover plate 315 is welded to the core plate pad 350 by circumferential welding or plug welding to ensure the accuracy of the installation of the lower core plate components.
  • the secondary rubber pile mount 360 is a forged piece, and the upper surface 361 of the pair of second rubber pile mounts 360 is in contact with the lower surface of the bolster upper cover 310, and the pair of second rubber pile mounts 360
  • the end surface of the mounting web 362 is in contact with both ends of the ram web 330, and the end surface of the lower surface 363 of the pair of second rubber pile mounts 360 is in contact with both ends of the bolster lower cover 320.
  • the upper surface 361 of the second-stage rubber pile mount 360 and the lower surface of one end of the bolster cover 310 are surface-welded, and the end surface of the mounting web 362 of the second-type rubber pile mount 360 and the end surface of the ram web 330 Butt welding, the lower surface 363 end surface of the second rubber pile mount 360 is facing the end of the bolster lower cover 320; the upper surface 361 of the second secondary rubber pile mount 360 and the bolster cover 310 The lower end of the other end faces the welding.
  • the end surface of the mounting web 362 of the second rubber pile mount 360 is butt welded to the other end surface of the ram web 330.
  • the lower surface 363 end of the second rubber pile mount 360 The other end surface of the bolster cover 320 is butt welded; the lower surface 363 of the second rubber pile mount 360 is butt welded to the bolster cover 320 to form a unitary body, and the mount of the second rubber pile mount 360
  • the web 362 is butt welded to the bolster web 330 to form a unitary body.
  • the secondary rubber pile mount 360 using the forging is used to replace the welded structure in which the actual stress exceeds the allowable stress, and the strength of the portion is improved. Since the original welded part has been replaced by the base metal, the allowable stress is also increased to the level of the base metal. Although the stress at this place is not lowered, since the allowable stress of the part has been increased, the structure is not changed. Under the premise, the strength of the bolster is improved without increasing the weight or increasing the strength level of the sheet.
  • the front end portion 364 of the pair of secondary rubber pile mounts 360 is provided with a second rubber pile mounting hole 365 vertically penetrating the front end portion 364, and the bolster upper cover 310 is facing the second rubber pile.
  • a positioning hole 311 passing through the umbilicus 410 of the secondary rubber pile 400 is disposed at a position of the mounting hole 365.
  • the positioning hole 311 is provided with a limiting ring sleeve 312 for limiting the position of the umbilicus 410.
  • the second series rubber packing hole is installed.
  • the upper end surface of the 365 is provided with a secondary rubber pile pad 367 which is welded to the lower surface of the bolster cover 310 by circumferential welding or plug welding, and the second rubber pile pad 367 is provided with a pad corresponding to the positioning hole 311 and connected thereto.
  • the plate through hole 367a and the second rubber pile pad 367 are used to ensure the accuracy of the installation of the secondary rubber pile; in this embodiment, two positioning holes 311 are provided corresponding to the two convex umbilicus 410 of the second rubber pile.
  • the rear end portion 366 of the pair of secondary rubber pile mounts 360 is also obliquely symmetrically distributed with respect to the bolster, that is, the rear end portion 366 is welded to the end portion of the bolster upper cover 310 which is obliquely symmetrically arranged, and a pair The rear end portion 366 of the secondary rubber pile mount 360 is welded with a second traction rod holder 370 which is welded to the lower surface of the rear end portion 366 of the secondary rubber pile mount 360 by the traction rod seat bottom plate 371.
  • the weld bead of the lower surface of the traction rod seat bottom plate 371 and the rear end portion 366 is a circumferential weld seam, and a large plug welding hole is provided, thereby improving the connection strength of the traction rod holder 370.
  • the bottom of the secondary rubber pile 400 is fixed to the secondary rubber pile mounting platform 245 by bolts, and the top of the second rubber pile 400 is inserted into the secondary rubber pile mounting hole 365 until the top of the secondary rubber pile 400 is convex.
  • the umbilicus 410 is positioned within the limit collar 312 through the locating aperture 311 such that the bolster 300 is positioned above the frame 200.
  • the secondary rubber pile mount 360 is generally designed in the shape of a sleeve, but this causes the secondary rubber pile 400 to be difficult to dissipate heat.
  • the height of the rear end portion 366 of the second-stage rubber pile mount 360 in this embodiment is smaller than the height of the front end portion 364, and the front end portion 364 and the rear end portion 366 have a variable cross-sectional design, that is, the front end portion 364 and the rear end portion 366.
  • the arc transition is used to expose more parts of the second-line rubber pile to improve the heat dissipation speed of the second-line rubber pile, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the second-line rubber pile.
  • the side bearing box 340 is formed by welding two U-shaped plates 341, and the bottom of the side bearing box 340 is welded to the bolster cover plate 310 by circumferential welding or plug welding through the side bearing box pad 342.
  • the bottom bracket rib 343 is welded between the outer surface of the horizontal plate 341a of each U-shaped plate 341 and the bolster upper cover 310 to increase the accuracy of the entire bolster.
  • the two sides of the bolster web 330 are welded with a second lateral hydraulic damper mount 380, and the two second lateral hydraulic damper mounts 380 are obliquely symmetrically distributed with respect to the yoke web 330;
  • a pair of second lateral stop seats 390 are welded to both ends of the bolster lower cover 320, that is, one second lateral stop seat 390 is welded to one end of the bolster lower cover 320, and the other second lateral stop seat 390 is welded. The other end of the bolster lower cover 320.
  • the lower end of the second series rubber pile 400 is seated on the frame 200, the upper end is installed in the second series rubber pile mount 360 at the end of the bolster 300, and the first transverse hydraulic shock absorber is mounted on the two curved longitudinal beam single webs 283.
  • a lateral hydraulic damper 700 is disposed between the seat 288 and the second lateral hydraulic damper mount 380 on both sides of the bolster web 330, and the first traction rod seat 251 and the pair of two ends of the pair of beams 250 are disposed.
  • a traction rod device 800 is disposed between the second traction rod holders 370 of the rear end portion 366 of the rubber pile mount 360 such that the frame 200 and the bolster 300 pass through the secondary rubber pile 400, the lateral hydraulic shock absorber 700, and the traction rod. Device 800 is connected.
  • the arm frame box positioning device shown in FIG. 11 includes an axle box body 110, a positioning arm 120, an elastic positioning node assembly 130, a frame 200, an axle box elastic suspension system 150, a clamping hoop 160, and an anti-slip device for mounting.
  • the axle housing 110 is formed by the positioning of the positioning arm 120 and the clamping ferrule 160 and is fixed by bolts.
  • the wheel housing 112 of the axle housing 110 is provided with a wheel bearing 113, and the axle housing 110 is empty.
  • An axle box end cover 111 is mounted on the outer end of the cavity 112, and an anti-skid device adapter 180 is disposed at one end of the axle housing 110.
  • the upper top surface of the rotating end of the positioning arm 120 is provided with a platform 121.
  • the axle box elastic suspension system 150 is disposed between the platform 121 and the front end of the frame 200, that is, the axle box elastic suspension system 150 is built in the axle box spring at the end of the frame 200.
  • the mounting cylinder 220, the lower bottom surface of the axle box elastic suspension system 150 abuts against the platform 121; the vertical hydraulic damper 170 is disposed at the end of the frame 200 at the side of the axle housing 110 and the rotating end of the positioning arm 120.
  • the vertical hydraulic damper 170 is fixedly mounted on the vertical hydraulic damper mount 171 of the end surface of the frame 200; the fixed end of the positioning arm 120 is connected to the arm seat 210 at the bottom of the frame 200 through the elastic positioning node composition 130. .
  • the axle box elastic suspension system 150 includes an annular rubber cushion 151 disposed on the bottom surface of the platform 121, and an inner steel spring pressed against the annular rubber cushion 151 in parallel. 152 and outer steel spring 153, and a series of rubber springs 154 lining the inner steel spring 152, as shown in FIG. 13, in the present embodiment, a series of rubber springs 154 includes an inverted T-shaped cone located at the center of the inner steel spring 152.
  • the column 154a, the multi-layered metal foil 154b and the multilayer rubber sheet 154c are alternately arranged with an integrally vulcanized laminated rubber layer 154d, and a rigid cap 154e located outside the laminated rubber layer 154d.
  • the top of the rigid cap 154e is located inside the steel.
  • the upper end surface of the spring 152 and the outer steel spring 153, the bottom of the inverted T-shaped tapered post 154a is inserted into the intermediate through hole 154f of the laminated rubber layer 154d until it is disposed between the central circular hole 151a of the annular rubber cushion 151 and the bottom surface 121a of the cap 121.
  • a series of rubber springs 154 are loosely separated from the upper end plane of the annular rubber cushion 151 in the empty state, and a series of rubber springs 154 are abutted against the central circular hole 151a of the annular rubber cushion 151 in the heavy vehicle state. On the plane of the cap.
  • the axle box elastic suspension system 150 effectively reduces the high-frequency impact of the vehicle during high-speed operation, and adds a series of rubber springs 154 with load-bearing and vibration-reducing functions, thereby increasing the weight of the frame-type bogie of the heavy-duty working condition. To the stiffness, the variable stiffness of the framed bogie axle housing is achieved.
  • axle box elastic suspension system of the invention is as follows:
  • the axle box positioning device When the axle box positioning device is in the initial installation state or the empty working condition, the lower end of a series of rubber springs is suspended, and the vertical vibration of the wheel pair is directly transmitted to the positioning arm, and then the outer steel spring, the inner steel spring and the rubber cushion For mitigation, the impact energy is eventually absorbed by the rubber cushion and the hydraulic shock absorber in the vibration.
  • the vertical stiffness K of the axle box positioning device of the empty working condition can be approximated as:
  • K K outer steel spring + K inner steel spring
  • the large vertical load causes the outer steel spring and the inner steel spring to be compressed, and the first rubber spring 154 moves downward until it passes through the middle circular hole with the annular rubber cushion 151.
  • the 151a abuts against the bottom surface 121a of the cap 121.
  • the vertical vibration of the wheel pair is transmitted directly to the positioning arm, which is then relieved by the outer steel spring, the inner steel spring, a series of rubber springs and a rubber cushion.
  • the impact energy is finally a series of rubber springs, rubber cushions and vibrations. Hydraulic shock absorber absorption.
  • the stiffness K of the axle box positioning device of the heavy-duty working condition can be approximated as:
  • K K outer steel spring + K inner steel spring + K series rubber spring
  • the vertical stiffness of the axle box positioning device is greatly increased, and the variable stiffness of the frame-type bogie and the heavy-duty working conditions is realized, under a certain heavy vehicle load. Due to the increase of the vertical stiffness, the vertical deflection of the system is reduced, and the deflection of the overhead and heavy vehicles is effectively controlled.
  • the intervention of the series of rubber springs 154 also increases the vibration damping capacity of the axle box positioning device; in addition, in the present embodiment, the vertical hydraulic damper 170 has a vertical damping force.
  • the vertical hydraulic damper with secondary damping force is compressed for a large stroke and then enters its secondary damping condition.
  • the secondary damping force is much larger than its first-order damping force.
  • the series of rubber springs involved in the working conditions of the bogies in the trucks finally increased the damping force of the heavy-duty working conditions, realizing the damping force of the axle box body and the heavy-duty working conditions of the frame-type bogies, and solved the traditional trucks.
  • the frame type bogie arm type axle box positioning device cannot meet the problem that the frame type bogie can relieve high frequency disturbance, absorb vibration energy and provide elastic positioning.
  • the elastic positioning node assembly 130 includes two elastic positioning sleeves 133 , two rigid positioning sleeves 132 , and a positioning bolt 131 .
  • the two elastic positioning sleeves 133 are enclosed and disposed on the positioning rotating arm 120 .
  • the two rigid positioning sleeves 132 are enclosed, and the inner liner is enclosed in the elastic cavity 134 formed by the two elastic positioning sleeves 133; the bottom of the frame 200 located at the position of the elastic positioning node 130 is provided with a rotating arm.
  • the seat 210 is embedded in the mounting cavity 215 of the arm seat 210.
  • the lifting plate 211 on both sides of the arm base 200 is provided with a fixing hole 214. As shown in FIG. 5, the arm seat 210 in this embodiment.
  • the fixing holes 214 of the side hanging plates 211 are fixed holes 214 formed by the upper hanging plate 212 and the lower lower clamping plate 213 connected to the frame 200, and the lower fixing plate 213 and the upper hanging plate 212 are fixed by the bolts from bottom to top. connection.
  • the positioning bolts 131 pass through the fixing holes 214 of the lifting plate on the side of the arm base 210, the elastic cavity 134, the positioning cavity 135 formed by the two rigid positioning sleeves 132, and the other side of the lifting arm seat 210.
  • the fixing holes 214 of the plate are fixed by nuts, and one end of the two rigid positioning sleeves 132 extends to the intermediate portion of the elastic cavity 134, and the other end extends to the fixing hole 214 of the other side of the arm holder 210.
  • the lower clamping plate 213 is screwed from the bottom to the top of the lifting plate 212 by bolts, so that the lower clamping plate 213 holds the elastic positioning node component 130, which facilitates the connection between the rotating end of the positioning arm 120 and the frame 200.
  • the lifting plate 211 can also adopt a whole board, and the fixing hole 214 is opened thereon.
  • the positioning bolt 131 sequentially passes through the fixing hole 214 of the hanging plate on the side of the frame 200, the elastic cavity 134, and two rigid positioning positions.
  • the sleeve 132 encloses the formed positioning cavity 135 and the fixing hole 214 through the hanger plate on the other side of the frame 200 and is fixed by a nut.
  • the end surface of the positioning arm 120 is provided with a lifting shoulder 122
  • the vertical hydraulic damper mounting seat 171 is provided with a wheel pair lifting 230 that cooperates with the lifting shoulder 122.
  • the gap between the positioning arm 120 and the clamp ferrule 160 is filled with a sealant, and the seals of the positioning rot arm 120 and the clamp ferrule 160 and the bearing rear stop 113a are both labyrinth seal structures 140, effectively improving The dustproof and oil-repellent ability of the axle housing 110 is provided; in addition, the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 is disposed in the middle portion of the clamping hoop 160 in the embodiment, which solves the problem that the existing axle box of the existing truck bogie cannot be operated during the line operation.
  • infrared temperature measurement technology Insufficient use of infrared temperature measurement technology can detect the bearing temperature of the train under running condition in real time, avoid the hot shaft failure caused by the leak detection, and ensure the safety of railway transportation; since the middle part of the clamp hoop 160 is provided with the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 Therefore, a rubber boot 114 is provided between the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 and the wheel pair bearing 113, thereby effectively preventing dust from penetrating from the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 at the intermediate portion of the clamp hoop 160.
  • the axle housing 110 is provided with an axle housing annular groove 110a at the mounting surface of the anti-skid adapter 180, and the anti-skid adapter 180 is in the shaft housing 110.
  • the corresponding position of the installation is provided with an anti-skid adapter yoke 181 that cooperates with the axle housing annular groove 110a, and the mounting surface of the axle housing annular groove 110a and the anti-skid adapter yoke 181 is lined with The rubber washer 182, the anti-skid adapter yoke 181 is inserted into the axle housing annular groove 110a, and is lined with a rubber washer 182, and then the anti-skid adapter 180 is fixedly coupled to the axle housing 110 by bolts.
  • the utility model changes the cooperation mode of the axle box body and the anti-skid device adapter seat, that is, the positioning arm 120 no longer processes the convex ring, and is changed into the machining plane and the axial groove 110a of the axle box body, wherein the machining plane energy can be processed.
  • the shaft box annular groove 110a can be processed together with the corresponding tool when the saddle surface is processed in the shaft case 110, thereby avoiding the processing interference of the bearing table 121 on the mounting surface and reducing the processing.
  • the processing procedure can effectively reduce the processing difficulty of the axle box body and the anti-skid device adapter without changing the good matching between the mechanical anti-skid device and the axle box body, and improve the processing technology of the positioning arm;
  • the mounting surface of the axle housing annular groove 110a and the anti-skid adapter socket 181 is lined with a rubber gasket 182, which ensures the tight connection of the anti-skid adapter 180 and the axle housing 110, thereby effectively preventing dust and pollutants.
  • the infiltration greatly improves the dust and grease resistance of the axle box.

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Abstract

一种铁路快运货车转向架，包括一个构架（200）、四套转臂式轴箱定位装置（100）、两套轮对组成（500）、一个摇枕（300）以及一套基础制动装置（600），构架还包括一对弧形纵向梁（280），构架侧梁（240）中部的U型腔（244）设置有二系橡胶堆安装平台（245），摇枕（300）采用锻件的二系橡胶堆安装座（360）代替焊接结构，轴箱弹性悬挂***（150）具有一系橡胶弹簧（154）。适用于运行速度达140km/h-160km/h、轴重不大于18t的铁路快运货车的转向架。

Description

铁路快运货车转向架 技术领域
本发明属于轨道车辆货车技术领域，具体涉及一种铁路快运货车转向架。
背景技术
重载、快捷是铁路货车发展的方向，根据国内铁路货运的发展及铁路技术政策的要求，需要研制一种具有140km/h～160km/h运行速度和轴重不大于18t的快速铁路货车。快速货车转向架作为快速铁路货车的重要部件，直接影响车辆运行速度和载重量。
目前构架式快速货车转向架主要有带摇动台结构利诺尔减振器定位快速货车转向架、无摇动台摇枕上置式橡胶堆导柱式定位快速货车转向架及无摇动台摇枕上置式橡胶弹簧定位快速货车转向架，但是无论哪种转向架，轴箱定位结构和摇枕布置结构都无成熟运用经验，在车辆高速运行稳定性和转向架维护方面存在局限性。
中国实用新型专利(公开号CN2517641、公开日2002.10.23)及中国实用新型专利(公开号CN 200945865、公开日2007.09.12)分别公开了一种高速货车转向架及快速铁路货车转向架。这两种转向架都采用整体构架加摇枕的结构模式，其轴箱悬挂***采用钢圆弹簧、橡胶堆、金属液体弹簧和油压减振器的组合，二系悬挂***采用了橡胶堆加摇枕的结构形式，采用每轴两个制动盘的单元制动***。
以上两种转向架都是采用一系、二系悬挂，但是轴箱定位结构采用橡胶堆导柱式定位或橡胶弹簧定位，由于这种定位结构采用的橡胶堆导柱和橡胶弹簧在纵、横、垂三个方向的刚度匹配困难，车辆长期运行后三向刚度变化大，降低转向架高速运行的稳定性，目前在客车转向架上已经逐渐淘汰，在快速货车转向架运用方面存在风险性。
中国实用新型专利(公开号CN202541557U、公开日2012.11.21)公开了一种快速铁路货车转向架，该转向架采用整体构架加摇枕的结构模式，摇枕通过吊杆***与构架组成实现垂向连接。该转向架采用吊杆式摇动台结构，摇枕位于构架下部，不利于转向架下部限界的布置，摇枕掉落轨道的风险性较大，且由于采用的利诺尔减振器是一种摩擦减振器，使得转向架纵向定位刚度过大， 曲线通过性能不优良，且磨耗件的采用增加了检修成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述技术的不足，提供一种满足运行速度达140km/h～160km/h、轴重不大于18t且高速运行性能稳定的适用于铁路快运货车的转向架，且维修成本低。
为实现上述目的，本发明所设计的铁路快运货车转向架，包括一个构架、四套转臂式轴箱定位装置、两套轮对组成、一个摇枕以及一套基础制动装置；
所述构架包括一对双腹板箱型结构的侧梁和一对圆钢管型结构的横梁，一对横梁的两端分别***一对侧梁的侧梁双腹板，构架的两个侧梁通过四个转臂式轴箱定位装置坐落在两套轮对组成之上，一对横梁上均设置有一对制动吊座和一个三通安装座；
所述摇枕包括摇枕上盖板、摇枕下盖板、摇枕腹板及设置在摇枕上盖板两侧的一对旁承盒；
所述转臂式轴箱定位装置包括由定位转臂和夹紧箍围合形成的轴箱体、设置在轴箱体空腔内的轮对轴承、安装在轴箱体空腔外端的轴箱端盖、设置在轴箱体一端的防滑器转接座、布置在定位转臂旋转端上顶面承台与构架前端之间的轴箱弹性悬挂***及位于轴箱体一侧的构架端部与定位转臂旋转端端部之间的垂向液压减振器；
所述构架还包括一对弧形纵向梁，所述弧形纵向梁包括弧形纵向梁上盖板、弧形纵向梁下盖板及连接弧形纵向梁上盖板和弧形纵向梁下盖板的弧形纵向梁单腹板，弧形纵向梁上盖板和弧形纵向梁下盖板的两端均向外延伸有焊接在横梁上的端部筋板；一对侧梁的中部为向下内凹的U型腔，U型腔的底部平面焊接有二系橡胶堆安装平台；一对弧形纵向梁的弧形纵向梁上盖板的中部侧边均焊接在二系橡胶堆安装平台的侧面上，一对弧形纵向梁的弧形纵向梁单腹板通过侧面筋板与侧梁双腹板连接；
所述摇枕还包括位于摇枕腹板两端的一对二系橡胶堆安装座，一对二系橡胶堆安装座的上表面与摇枕上盖板两端的下表面对接，一对二系橡胶堆安装座的安装座腹板端面与摇枕腹板两端面对接，一对二系橡胶堆安装座的下表面端面与摇枕下盖板两端面对接；一对二系橡胶堆安装座的前端部开有垂直贯穿前 端部的二系橡胶堆安装孔，且一对二系橡胶堆安装座的后端部相对于摇枕呈斜对称分布；摇枕上盖板上且正对着二系橡胶堆安装孔的位置处设置有定位孔，所述定位孔内设置有限位环套；
二系橡胶堆底部通过螺栓固定在二系橡胶堆安装平台上，二系橡胶堆顶部***二系橡胶堆安装孔内，直至二系橡胶堆顶部的凸脐穿过定位孔限位在限位环套内；
两个弧形纵向梁单腹板外侧面端部均设置有第一横向液压减振器安装座，摇枕腹板的两侧面均焊接有第二横向液压减振器安装座，两个第二横向液压减振器安装座相对于摇枕腹板斜对称分布，且两个弧形纵向梁单腹板上的第一横向液压减振器安装座与摇枕腹板两侧面上的第二横向液压减振器安装座之间均设置有横向液压减振器；
两根横梁的一端错开伸出一对侧梁的侧梁双腹板，伸出侧梁双腹板的横梁的一端底部均设置有第一牵引拉杆座，两个第一牵引拉杆座相对于构架呈斜对角布置；一对二系橡胶堆安装座的后端部下表面焊接有第二牵引拉杆座；一对横梁两端的第一牵引拉杆座与一对二系橡胶堆安装座后端部的第二牵引拉杆座之间均设置有牵引拉杆装置；
一对侧梁的侧梁上盖板和侧梁下盖板之间且位于侧梁双腹板的两端外侧处均安装有轴箱弹簧安装筒，侧梁下盖板上且位于轴箱弹簧安装筒正下方处开有与轴箱弹簧安装筒连通的通孔；一对侧梁底部且位于U型腔的两端外侧处均设置有转臂座，转臂座上设置有安装腔；轴箱弹性悬挂***内置在轴箱弹簧安装筒内，定位转臂固定端通过弹性定位节点组成与转臂座的安装腔连接；每个轴箱弹簧安装筒的端面均设置有垂向液压减振器安装座，垂向液压减振器固定安装在垂向液压减振器安装座上；
轴箱弹性悬挂***包括设置于承台底面上的环形橡胶缓冲垫、以并联形式抵压在环形橡胶缓冲垫上的内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧，以及内衬在内钢弹簧中的一系橡胶弹簧，且所述一系橡胶弹簧的顶部位于内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧的上端面，所述一系橡胶弹簧的底部穿过内钢弹簧设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫中部圆孔与承台底面之间。
进一步地，所述二系橡胶堆安装平台与所述侧梁上盖板采用拼接焊缝进行连接形成一整体；所述转臂座的顶板与所述侧梁下盖板采用拼接焊缝进行连接 形成一整体；所述一对侧梁的侧梁上盖板的任意一端且位于所述轴箱弹簧安装筒上方安装有称重阀安装座。
进一步地，所述一对二系橡胶堆安装座的后端部高度小于所述前端部高度，且所述前端部与所述后端部之间圆弧过渡。
进一步地，所述摇枕上盖板包括一块前盖板、一块后盖板及一块向下内凹的凹型盖板，所述凹型盖板两端分别与所述前盖板和所述后盖板对焊形成一整体；所述凹型盖板下表面两侧边与所述摇枕腹板之间焊接有加强筋板，所述凹型盖板的底面焊接有心盘垫板；所述一对二系橡胶堆安装座的二系橡胶堆安装孔上端面设置有与所述摇枕上盖板下表面焊接的二系橡胶堆垫板，且所述二系橡胶堆垫板上开有与所述定位孔相对应且连通的垫板通孔；所述第二牵引拉杆座通过牵引拉杆座底板焊接在所述二系橡胶堆安装座后端部的下表面上。
进一步地，所述一系橡胶弹簧包括位于所述内钢弹簧中央的倒T型锥柱、由多层金属薄片和多层橡胶片交错布置整体硫化成型的叠拼橡胶层，以及位于叠拼橡胶层外侧的刚性承台，所述刚性承台的顶部位于内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧的上端面，所述倒T型锥柱底部***所述叠拼橡胶层的中间通孔直至设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫中部圆孔与承台底面之间。
进一步地，所述弹性定位节点组成包括围合布置在定位转臂的旋转端轴孔内的两个弹性定位套、内衬在两个弹性定位套围合形成的弹性腔体内的两个刚性定位套及一个定位螺栓；所述弹性定位节点组成内置在所述转臂座的安装腔内，所述定位螺栓依次穿过所述转臂座一侧吊板的固定孔、弹性腔体、两个刚性定位套围合形成的定位腔体及直至穿过所述转臂座另一侧吊板的固定孔并通过螺母固定，两个所述刚性定位套的一端均延伸至在弹性腔体的中间部位、且另一端均延伸至所述转臂座另一侧吊板的固定孔内；所述吊板的固定孔是由与构架相连的上吊板和下卡板围合形成的固定孔，且通过螺栓由下往上将所述下卡板与所述上吊板固定连接。
进一步地，所述定位转臂和所述夹紧箍与轴承后挡的密封均为迷宫密封结构；所述夹紧箍的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔，且所述红外轴温探测孔与所述轮对轴承之间衬有橡胶防尘套。
进一步地，所述定位转臂端面设置有提吊挡肩，所述垂向液压减振器安装座上设置有与所述提吊挡肩相配合的轮对提吊；所述轴箱弹簧安装筒的外周缘 壁设置有用于限位轮对提吊的止挡。
进一步地，所述弧形纵向梁上盖板的两端均设置有纵向止挡座，所述弧形纵向梁单腹板的外侧面中部设置有第一横向止挡座；所述摇枕下盖板两端焊接有一对第二横向止挡座。
进一步地，所述轴箱体在与所述防滑器转接座的安装面处设置有轴箱体环形凹槽，所述防滑器转接座在与所述轴箱体安装的相应位置处设置有与所述轴箱体环形凹槽相配合的防滑器转接座凸环；所述轴箱体环形凹槽与所述防滑器转接座凸环的安装面处衬有橡胶垫圈。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1、构架侧梁中部的U型腔设置有二系橡胶堆安装平台，为摇枕以及二系橡胶堆提供安装空间，保证快运货车转向架与车体的接口尺寸能够满足现有铁路货车的使用要求；侧梁与弧形纵向梁之间设置有两块侧面筋板连接，且弧形纵向梁上盖板中部与侧梁二系橡胶堆安装平台侧面相连，保证弧形纵向梁第一横向止挡座所受到的横向载荷能够传递至侧梁上，降低弧形纵向梁与横梁连接焊缝的应力，提高构架对横向载荷的承受能力；两个侧梁中的四个轴箱弹簧安装筒上有一处设有直接式称重阀安装座，以适应称重阀的安装；第一牵引拉杆座分别安装于两根横梁伸出侧梁的部分上，采用环形焊缝与横梁端部连接，第一牵引拉杆座相对于构架呈斜对角布置，适应摇枕上置式结构类型转向架的牵引拉杆的安装；
2、摇枕采用锻件的二系橡胶堆安装座代替实际应力超过许用应力的焊接结构，提高该部位的强度。由于原来的焊接部分已经由母材代替，其许用应力也相应提高到母材的水平，虽然该处的应力没有降低，但由于该部位的许用应力已经提高，因此在不改变该处结构的前提下，即在不增加重量、也不提高板材强度等级的情况下提高了摇枕的强度；二系橡胶堆安装座的后端部高度小于前端部高度，即前端部与后端部之间采用变截面设计，使二系橡胶堆有更多的部位露出，以提高二系橡胶堆的散热速度，从而改善了二系橡胶堆的散热性能；采用中部下凹的摇枕，有利于降低心盘至轨面高度，即降低车辆的重心；
3、采用的轴箱弹性悬挂***有效减小了车辆高速运行时的高频冲击，由于增设了具备承载及减振功能的一系橡胶弹簧，增加了重车工况转向架的一系垂向刚度，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体的变刚度；采用具有二级减振功能的垂 向液压减振器，配合转向架重车工况中介入的一系橡胶弹簧，实现了构架式转向架轴箱弹性悬挂***的减振力；夹紧箍的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔，解决了现有货车构架式转向架一系轴箱在线路运行时不能采用红外线测温技术的不足，可实时检测运行状态下的列车轴承温度，避免因漏探造成的热轴故障，保证铁路运输安全；由于夹紧箍的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔，因此，在红外轴温探测孔与轮对轴承之间设置有橡胶防尘套，从而有效防止尘污从夹紧箍中间部位渗入；定位转臂和夹紧箍分别与轴承后挡的密封均为迷宫密封结构，有效提高了轴箱体的防尘防油污能力；提吊挡肩与轮对提吊相配合，使得在构架式转向架被提起时防止轴箱体与构架分离；
4、通过改变轴箱体与防滑器转接座的配合方式，在不改变机械式防滑器与轴箱体的良好匹配的前提下，有效降低了轴箱体和防滑器转接座的加工难度，改善了其定位转臂的加工工艺；同时，在轴箱体环形凹槽与防滑器转接座凸环的安装面处衬有橡胶垫圈，保证了防滑器转接座与轴箱体的紧密连接，从而有效防止粉尘、污染物的渗入，大大提升了轴箱的防尘防油污能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明铁路快运货车转向架结构俯视示意图；
图2为图1的主视示意图；
图3为图1中构架结构意图；
图4为图3中侧梁结构示意图；
图5为图4的部分结构示意图；
图6为图3中横梁结构示意图；
图7为图3中弧形纵向梁结构示意图；
图8为图1中摇枕立体结构示意图；
图9为图8的仰视方向立体结构示意图；
图10为图8中二系橡胶堆与二系橡胶堆安装座的安装结构示意图；
图11为图2中转臂式轴箱定位装置整体安装立体结构部分剖视示意图；
图12为图11中轴箱弹性悬挂***的剖视示意图；
图13为图12中一系橡胶弹簧的结构示意图；
图14为图11中弹性定位节点组成安装结构示意图；
图15为图14的A-A示意图；
图16为图11中轴箱体的空腔结构密封示意图；
图17为图11中轴箱体的轴测示意图；
图18为图17中轴箱体与防滑器转接座装配方式示意图；
图19为图18中M处的局部放大示意图。
图中各部件标号如下：
转臂式轴箱定位装置100、轴箱体110(其中：轴箱体环形凹槽110a)、轴箱端盖111、空腔112、轮对轴承113(其中：轴承后挡113a)、橡胶防尘套114、定位转臂120、承台121(其中：底面121a)、提吊挡肩122、轴孔123、弹性定位节点组成130、定位螺栓131、刚性定位套132、弹性定位套133、弹性腔体134、定位腔体135、迷宫密封结构140、轴箱弹性悬挂***150、橡胶缓冲垫151(其中：中部圆孔151a)、内钢弹簧152、外钢弹簧153、一系橡胶弹簧154(其中：倒T型锥柱154a、金属薄片154b、橡胶片154c、叠拼橡胶层154d、刚性承台154e、中间通孔154f)、夹紧箍160、红外轴温探测孔161、垂向液压减振器170、垂向液压减振器安装座171、防滑器转接座180、防滑器转接座凸环181、橡胶垫圈182；
构架200、转臂座210、吊板211、上吊板212、下卡板213、固定孔214、安装腔215、顶板216、轴箱弹簧安装筒220、止挡221、轴箱弹簧安装筒220、轮对提吊230、侧梁240、侧梁双腹板241、侧梁上盖板242、侧梁下盖板243(其中：通孔243a)、U型腔244(其中：底部平面244a)、二系橡胶堆安装平台245、横梁250、第一牵引拉杆座251、制动吊座260、三通安装座270、弧形纵向梁280、弧形纵向梁上盖板281、弧形纵向梁下盖板282、弧形纵向梁单腹板283、端部筋板284、侧面筋板285、纵向止挡座286、第一横向止挡座287、第一横向液压减振器安装座288、称重阀安装座290；
摇枕300、摇枕上盖板310、定位孔311、限位环套312、前盖板313、后盖板314、凹型盖板315(其中：加强筋板315a、底面315b)、摇枕下盖板320、摇枕腹板330、旁承盒340、U型板341(其中：横板341a)、旁承盒垫板342、旁承盒筋板343、心盘垫板350、二系橡胶堆安装座360、上表面361、安装座腹板362、下表面363、前端部364、二系橡胶堆安装孔365、后端部366、二系橡胶堆垫板367(其中：垫板通孔367a)、第二牵引拉杆座370、牵引拉杆 座底板371、第二横向液压减振器安装座380、第二横向止挡座390；
二系橡胶堆400、凸脐410；
轮对组成500、基础制动装置600、横向液压减振器700、牵引拉杆装置800。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图1、图2所示的铁路快运货车转向架，包括一个构架200、四套转臂式轴箱定位装置100、两套轮对组成500、一个摇枕300以及一套基础制动装置600。
如图3所示，构架200包括一对双腹板箱型结构的侧梁240、一对圆钢管型结构的横梁250和一对弧形纵向梁280。结合图4所示，侧梁240包括侧梁双腹板241、侧梁上盖板242及侧梁下盖板243。本实施例中侧梁240的中部为向下内凹的U型腔244，U型腔244的底部平面244a焊接有二系橡胶堆安装平台245，且二系橡胶堆安装平台245与侧梁上盖板242采用拼接焊缝进行连接形成一整体；该二系橡胶堆安装平台245为摇枕以及二系橡胶堆提供安装空间，以适应二系橡胶堆和摇枕的安装，保证快运货车转向架与车体的接口尺寸能够满足现有铁路货车的使用要求。另外，一对侧梁240的侧梁上盖板242和侧梁下盖板243之间且位于侧梁双腹板241的两端外侧处均安装有轴箱弹簧安装筒220，轴箱弹簧安装筒220的外周缘壁设置有用于限位轮对提吊的止挡221，侧梁下盖板243上且位于轴箱弹簧安装筒220正下方处开有与轴箱弹簧安装筒220连通的通孔243a，如图5所示，并且四个轴箱弹簧安装筒220中任意一个轴箱弹簧安装筒220上方安装有称重阀安装座290，以适应称重阀的安装；一对侧梁240底部且位于U型腔244的两端外侧处均设置有转臂座210，转臂座210的顶板216与侧梁下盖板243采用拼接焊缝进行连接形成一整体，避免其焊缝所受剪切力的情况，且该转臂座210上设置有供定位转臂上的弹性定位节点组成安装的安装腔215；同时，每个轴箱弹簧安装筒220的端面均设置有垂向液压减振器安装座171。本实施例中垂向液压减振器安装座171为整体锻造件，且垂向液压减振器安装座171的底座171a周边开制有坡口，底座171a周边坡口与轴箱弹簧安装筒220和侧梁下盖板243均采用搭接焊缝进行连接。
一对圆钢管型结构的横梁250的两端分别***一对侧梁240的侧梁双腹板241，横梁250与侧梁双腹板241之间采用环形焊缝连接，结合图6所示，两根横梁250的一端错开伸出一对侧梁240的侧梁双腹板241，伸出侧梁双腹板241的横梁250的一端底部均设置有第一牵引拉杆座251，第一牵引拉杆座251采用环形焊缝与横梁250连接，即一个第一牵引拉杆座251在一个横梁250的一端底部，另一个第一牵引拉杆座251在另一根横梁250的另一端底部，使得两个第一牵引拉杆座251不在同一侧且相对于构架呈斜对角布置，适应摇枕上置式结构类型转向架的牵引拉杆的安装；另外，一对横梁250上均设置有一对制动吊座260和一个三通安装座270，制动吊座260和三通安装座270均通过搭接焊缝与横梁250中部连接，且每根横梁250上的三通安装座270位于一对制动吊座260的中间。
一对横梁250之间设置有一对弧形纵向梁280，如图7所示，弧形纵向梁280包括弧形纵向梁上盖板281、弧形纵向梁下盖板282及连接弧形纵向梁上盖板281和弧形纵向梁下盖板282的弧形纵向梁单腹板283，本实施例中弧形纵向梁上盖板281的两端均设置有纵向止挡座286，弧形纵向梁单腹板283的外侧面中部设置有第一横向止挡座287，弧形纵向梁单腹板283的外侧面端部设置有第一横向液压减振器安装座288。弧形纵向梁上盖板281和弧形纵向梁下盖板282的两端均向外延伸有焊接在横梁250上的端部筋板284，使得一对弧形纵向梁280的两端与横梁250焊接，该端部筋板284为燕尾形状；一对弧形纵向梁280的弧形纵向梁上盖板281的中部侧边均焊接在二系橡胶堆安装平台245的侧面上，同时，一对弧形纵向梁280的弧形纵向梁单腹板283通过两块侧面筋板285与侧梁双腹板241连接，使得弧形纵向梁280的侧面与侧梁240的侧面焊接；保证弧形纵向梁280第一横向止挡座287所受到的横向载荷能够传递至侧梁240上，降低弧形纵向梁280与横梁250连接焊缝的应力，提高构架对横向载荷的承受能力。
该构架解决了现有技术中快速货车转向架构架不能适应在摇枕上置结构转向架形式下摇枕、二系悬挂装置、牵引拉杆和直接式称重阀的安装，以及弧形纵向梁与横梁的焊缝受减应力过大等问题。
如图8所示摇枕300包括摇枕上盖板310、摇枕下盖板320、摇枕腹板330、设置在摇枕上盖板310两侧的一对旁承盒340及位于摇枕腹板330两端的一对 二系橡胶堆安装座360。
本实施例中摇枕为中部下凹箱型梁结构，即摇枕上盖板310包括一块前盖板313、一块后盖板314及一块向下内凹的凹型盖板315，前盖板313和后盖板314的端部相对于摇枕呈斜对称布置，采用中部下凹的摇枕，有利于降低心盘至轨面高度，即降低车辆的重心。凹型盖板315两端分别与前盖板313和后盖板314对接焊形成一整体，本实施例中采用前盖板313和后盖板314两端厚、凹型盖板315中间薄的设计形式，在拼接焊缝处采用变截面设计以保证壁厚的自然过渡，并且凹型盖板315下表面两侧边与摇枕腹板330之间焊接有加强筋板315a，增加整个摇枕的刚度；另外，凹型盖板315的底面315b通过圆周焊或塞焊焊接有心盘垫板350，用以保证下心盘零部件安装的准确性。
结合图9所示，二系橡胶堆安装座360为锻件，一对二系橡胶堆安装座360的上表面361与摇枕上盖板310两端的下表面对接，一对二系橡胶堆安装座360的安装座腹板362端面与摇枕腹板330两端面对接，一对二系橡胶堆安装座360的下表面363端面与摇枕下盖板320两端面对接。即一个二系橡胶堆安装座360的上表面361与摇枕上盖板310一端的下表面对接焊，该二系橡胶堆安装座360的安装座腹板362端面与摇枕腹板330的一端面对接焊，该二系橡胶堆安装座360的下表面363端面与摇枕下盖板320的一端面对接焊；另一个二系橡胶堆安装座360的上表面361与摇枕上盖板310另一端的下表面对接焊，该二系橡胶堆安装座360的安装座腹板362端面与摇枕腹板330的另一端面对接焊，该二系橡胶堆安装座360的下表面363端面与摇枕下盖板320的另一端面对接焊；使得二系橡胶堆安装座360的下表面363与摇枕下盖板320对接焊形成一整体，二系橡胶堆安装座360的安装座腹板362与摇枕腹板330对接焊形成一整体。
本实施例中采用锻件的二系橡胶堆安装座360代替实际应力超过许用应力的焊接结构，提高该部位的强度。由于原来的焊接部分已经由母材代替，其许用应力也相应提高到母材的水平，虽然该处的应力没有降低，但由于该部位的许用应力已经提高，因此在不改变该处结构的前提下，即在不增加重量、也不提高板材强度等级的情况下提高了摇枕的强度。
再次如图9所示，一对二系橡胶堆安装座360的前端部364开有垂直贯穿前端部364的二系橡胶堆安装孔365，摇枕上盖板310上且正对着二系橡胶堆 安装孔365的位置处设置有穿过二系橡胶堆400凸脐410的定位孔311，定位孔311上设置有用于凸脐410限位的限位环套312；同时，二系橡胶堆安装孔365上端面设置有与摇枕上盖板310下表面通过圆周焊或塞焊焊接的二系橡胶堆垫板367，且二系橡胶堆垫板367上开有与定位孔311相对应且连通的垫板通孔367a，二系橡胶堆垫板367用以保证二系橡胶堆安装的准确性；本实施例中开有两个定位孔311对应着二系橡胶堆的两个凸脐410。另外，一对二系橡胶堆安装座360的后端部366也相对于摇枕呈斜对称分布，即后端部366与摇枕上盖板310呈斜对称布置的端部对应焊接，且一对二系橡胶堆安装座360的后端部366焊接有第二牵引拉杆座370，第二牵引拉杆座370通过牵引拉杆座底板371焊接在二系橡胶堆安装座360后端部366的下表面上；本实施例中，牵引拉杆座底板371与后端部366的下表面的焊缝为圆周焊缝，且设有大的塞焊孔，从而提高了牵引拉杆座370的连接强度。
如图10所示，二系橡胶堆400底部通过螺栓固定在二系橡胶堆安装平台245上，二系橡胶堆400顶部***二系橡胶堆安装孔365内，直至二系橡胶堆400顶部的凸脐410穿过定位孔311限位在限位环套312内，从而使得摇枕300位于构架200的上方。为了降低心盘高度，一般将二系橡胶堆安装座360设计成套筒形状，但这样会导致二系橡胶堆400散热困难。因此，本实施例中二系橡胶堆安装座360的后端部366高度小于前端部364高度，前端部364与后端部366之间采用变截面设计，即前端部364与后端部366之间采用圆弧过渡，使二系橡胶堆有更多的部位露出，以提高二系橡胶堆的散热速度，从而改善了二系橡胶堆的散热性能。
再次如图8所示，旁承盒340由两个U型板341围合焊接形成，旁承盒340底部通过旁承盒垫板342采用圆周焊或塞焊焊接在摇枕上盖板310上，用以保证下旁承零部件安装的准确性；且每个U型板341的横板341a外表面与摇枕上盖板310之间焊接有旁承盒筋板343，用以增加整个摇枕的刚度；另外，摇枕腹板330的两侧面均焊接有第二横向液压减振器安装座380，两个第二横向液压减振器安装座380相对于摇枕腹板330斜对称分布；同时，摇枕下盖板320两端焊接有一对第二横向止挡座390，即一个第二横向止挡座390焊接在摇枕下盖板320一端，另一个第二横向止挡座390焊接在摇枕下盖板320另一端。
二系橡胶堆400下端坐落在构架200上、上端安装在摇枕300端部的二系橡胶堆安装座360里，两个弧形纵向梁单腹板283上的第一横向液压减振器安装座288与摇枕腹板330两侧面上的第二横向液压减振器安装座380之间均设置有横向液压减振器700，一对横梁250两端的第一牵引拉杆座251与一对二系橡胶堆安装座360后端部366的第二牵引拉杆座370之间均设置有牵引拉杆装置800，使得构架200与摇枕300通过二系橡胶堆400、横向液压减振器700及牵引拉杆装置800连接。
如图11所示转臂式轴箱定位装置包括轴箱体110、定位转臂120、弹性定位节点组成130、构架200、轴箱弹性悬挂***150、夹紧箍160、用于安装防滑器的防滑器转接座180及垂向液压减振器170。轴箱体110由定位转臂120和夹紧箍160围合后通过螺栓固定形成，结合图7所示，轴箱体110的空腔112内设置有轮对轴承113，轴箱体110的空腔112外端安装有轴箱端盖111，防滑器转接座180设置在轴箱体110的一端。定位转臂120旋转端的上顶面设置有承台121，轴箱弹性悬挂***150布置在承台121与构架200前端之间，即轴箱弹性悬挂***150内置在构架200端部的轴箱弹簧安装筒220，轴箱弹性悬挂***150下底面抵在承台121上；垂向液压减振器170布置在位于轴箱体110一侧的构架200端部与定位转臂120旋转端端部之间，且垂向液压减振器170固定安装在构架200端面的垂向液压减振器安装座171上；定位转臂120固定端通过弹性定位节点组成130与构架200底部的转臂座210连接。
本发明的关键点在于：如图12所示，轴箱弹性悬挂***150包括设置于承台121底面上的环形橡胶缓冲垫151、以并联形式抵压在环形橡胶缓冲垫151上的内钢弹簧152和外钢弹簧153，以及内衬在内钢弹簧152中的一系橡胶弹簧154，结合图13所示，本实施例中一系橡胶弹簧154包括位于内钢弹簧152中央的倒T型锥柱154a、由多层金属薄片154b和多层橡胶片154c交错布置整体硫化成型的叠拼橡胶层154d，以及位于叠拼橡胶层154d外侧的刚性承台154e，刚性承台154e的顶部位于内钢弹簧152和外钢弹簧153的上端面，倒T型锥柱154a底部***叠拼橡胶层154d的中间通孔154f直至设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫151中部圆孔151a与承台121底面121a之间。一系橡胶弹簧154在空车状态时与环形橡胶缓冲垫151的上端平面松脱分离，一系橡胶弹簧154在重车状态时穿过与环形橡胶缓冲垫151的中部圆孔151a抵接承压在承台上 平面上。
该轴箱弹性悬挂***150有效减小了车辆高速运行时的高频冲击，由于增设了具备承载及减振功能的一系橡胶弹簧154，增加了重车工况构架式转向架的一系垂向刚度，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体的变刚度。
本发明的轴箱弹性悬挂***工作原理如下：
在轴箱定位装置处于初装状态或空车工况时，一系橡胶弹簧下端悬空，轮对的垂向振动直接传递至定位转臂上，继而被外钢弹簧、内钢弹簧和橡胶缓冲垫缓解，冲击能量最终在振动中被橡胶缓冲垫和液压减振器吸收。
考虑到橡胶缓冲垫垂向刚度远远大于外钢弹簧和内钢弹簧的垂向刚度，空车工况轴箱定位装置的一系垂向刚度K可近似计算为：
K＝K 外钢弹簧+K 内钢弹簧
在轴箱定位装置处于重车工况时，较大的垂向载荷使得外钢弹簧和内钢弹簧被压缩，一系橡胶弹簧154向下移动直至穿过与环形橡胶缓冲垫151的中部圆孔151a抵接承压在承台121底面121a上。轮对的垂向振动直接传递至定位转臂上，继而被外钢弹簧、内钢弹簧、一系橡胶弹簧和橡胶缓冲垫缓解，冲击能量最终在振动中被一系橡胶弹簧、橡胶缓冲垫和液压减振器吸收。
考虑到橡胶缓冲垫垂向刚度远远大于外钢弹簧、内钢弹簧和一系橡胶弹簧的垂向刚度，重车工况轴箱定位装置的一系刚度K可近似计算为：
K＝K 外钢弹簧+K 内钢弹簧+K 一系橡胶弹簧
在重车工况下，由于一系橡胶弹簧刚度较大，使得轴箱定位装置的垂向刚度大大增加，实现了构架式转向架空、重车工况的变刚度，在一定的重车载荷下，由于垂向刚度增加，减小了一系垂向挠度，有效的控制了转向架空、重车挠度差。
同时，在重车工况下，一系橡胶弹簧154的介入也使得轴箱定位装置的减振能力增加；另外，本实施例中垂向液压减振器170为具有二级减振力的垂向液压减振器，具有二级减振力的垂向液压减振器被压缩较大行程后进入其二级减振工况，其二级减振力远大于其一级减振力，配合转向架重车工况中介入的一系橡胶弹簧，最终使得重车工况减振力增加，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体空、重车工况的减振力，解决了传统的货车构架式转向架转臂式轴箱定位装置不能满足构架式转向架一系缓解高频激扰、吸收振动能量及提供弹性定位的需求的 难题。
结合图14及图15所示，弹性定位节点组成130包括两个弹性定位套133、两个刚性定位套132及一个定位螺栓131，两个弹性定位套133围合后布置在定位转臂120旋转端的轴孔123内，两个刚性定位套132围合后内衬在两个弹性定位套133围合形成的弹性腔体134内；位于弹性定位节点组成130位置处的构架200底部设置有转臂座210，弹性定位节点组成130内置在转臂座210的安装腔215内，转臂座200两侧的吊板211均设有固定孔214，如图5所示，本实施例中转臂座210两侧吊板211的固定孔214是由与构架200相连的上吊板212和下方的下卡板213围合形成的固定孔214，且螺栓由下往上将下卡板213与上吊板212固定连接。定位螺栓131依次穿过转臂座210一侧吊板的固定孔214、弹性腔体134、两个刚性定位套132围合形成的定位腔体135及直至穿过转臂座210另一侧吊板的固定孔214并通过螺母固定，并且两个刚性定位套132的一端均延伸至在弹性腔体134的中间部位、而另一端均延伸至转臂座210另一侧吊板的固定孔214内后，下卡板213通过螺栓由下而上拧紧上吊板212，使得下卡板213将弹性定位节点组成130托住固定，方便了定位转臂120旋转端与构架200的连接。当然吊板211也可以采用整块板子，在其上开固定孔214，也是可行的，即定位螺栓131依次穿过构架200一侧吊板的固定孔214、弹性腔体134、两个刚性定位套132围合形成的定位腔体135及直至穿过构架200另一侧吊板的固定孔214并通过螺母固定。
另外，再次如图11所示，定位转臂120端面设置有提吊挡肩122，垂向液压减振器安装座171上设置有与提吊挡肩122相配合的轮对提吊230。在转向架被吊起，轴箱体110的内外钢弹簧被释放时，轮对提吊230会箍住提吊挡肩122，从而防止轴箱体110与构架200分离。
如图16所示，定位转臂120和夹紧箍160之间的间隙填充有密封胶，而定位转臂120和夹紧箍160与轴承后挡113a的密封均为迷宫密封结构140，有效提高了轴箱体110的防尘防油污能力；另外，本实施例中夹紧箍160的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔161，解决了现有货车转向架一系轴箱在线路运行时不能采用红外线测温技术的不足，可实时检测运行状态下的列车轴承温度，避免因漏探造成的热轴故障，保证铁路运输安全；由于夹紧箍160的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔161，因此，在红外轴温探测孔161与轮对轴承113 之间设置有橡胶防尘套114，从而有效防止尘污从夹紧箍160中间部位的红外轴温探测孔161渗入。
结合图17、图18及图19所示，轴箱体110在与防滑器转接座180的安装面处设置有轴箱体环形凹槽110a，防滑器转接座180在与轴箱体110安装的相应位置处设置有与轴箱体环形凹槽110a相配合的防滑器转接座凸环181，且轴箱体环形凹槽110a与防滑器转接座凸环181的安装面处衬有橡胶垫圈182，防滑器转接座凸环181***至轴箱体环形凹槽110a内，且之间衬有橡胶垫圈182，然后通过螺栓将防滑器转接座180与轴箱体110固定连接。
本实用新型通过改变轴箱体与防滑器转接座的配合方式，即定位转臂120不再加工凸环，改为机加工平面与轴箱体环形凹槽110a的方式，其中机加工平面能与承台121的下平面一并加工，轴箱体环形凹槽110a可随轴箱体110内鞍面加工时使用相应刀具一并加工，避免了承台121对安装面的加工干涉，同时减少了加工工序，在不改变机械式防滑器与轴箱体的良好匹配的前提下，有效降低了轴箱体和防滑器转接座的加工难度，改善了其定位转臂的加工工艺；同时，在轴箱体环形凹槽110a与防滑器转接座凸环181的安装面处衬有橡胶垫圈182，保证了防滑器转接座180与轴箱体110的紧密连接，从而有效防止粉尘、污染物的渗入，大大提升了轴箱的防尘防油污能力。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铁路快运货车转向架，包括一个构架(200)、四套转臂式轴箱定位装置(100)、两套轮对组成(500)、一个摇枕(300)以及一套基础制动装置(600)；
    所述构架(200)包括一对双腹板箱型结构的侧梁(240)和一对圆钢管型结构的横梁(250)，一对横梁(250)的两端分别***一对侧梁(240)的侧梁双腹板(241)，构架(200)的两个侧梁(240)通过四个转臂式轴箱定位装置(100)坐落在两套轮对组成(500)之上，一对横梁(250)上均设置有一对制动吊座(260)和一个三通安装座(270)；
    所述摇枕(300)包括摇枕上盖板(310)、摇枕下盖板(320)、摇枕腹板(330)及设置在摇枕上盖板(310)两侧的一对旁承盒(340)；
    所述转臂式轴箱定位装置(100)包括由定位转臂(120)和夹紧箍(160)围合形成的轴箱体(110)、设置在轴箱体(110)空腔(112)内的轮对轴承(113)、安装在轴箱体(110)空腔(112)外端的轴箱端盖(111)、设置在轴箱体(110)一端的防滑器转接座(180)、布置在定位转臂(120)旋转端上顶面承台(121)与构架(200)前端之间的轴箱弹性悬挂***(150)及位于轴箱体(110)一侧的构架(200)端部与定位转臂(120)旋转端端部之间的垂向液压减振器(170)；
    其特征在于：所述构架(200)还包括一对弧形纵向梁(280)，所述弧形纵向梁(280)包括弧形纵向梁上盖板(281)、弧形纵向梁下盖板(282)及连接弧形纵向梁上盖板(281)和弧形纵向梁下盖板(282)的弧形纵向梁单腹板(283)，弧形纵向梁上盖板(281)和弧形纵向梁下盖板(282)的两端均向外延伸有焊接在横梁(250)上的端部筋板(284)；一对侧梁(240)的中部为向下内凹的U型腔(244)，U型腔(244)的底部平面(244a)焊接有二系橡胶堆安装平台(245)；一对弧形纵向梁(280)的弧形纵向梁上盖板(281)的中部侧边均焊接在二系橡胶堆安装平台(245)的侧面上，一对弧形纵向梁(280)的弧形纵向梁单腹板(283)通过侧面筋板(285)与侧梁双腹板(241)连接；
    所述摇枕(300)还包括位于摇枕腹板(330)两端的一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)，一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的上表面(361)与摇枕上盖板(310)两端的下表面对接，一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的安装座腹板(362)端面 与摇枕腹板(330)两端面对接，一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的下表面(363)端面与摇枕下盖板(320)两端面对接；一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的前端部(364)开有垂直贯穿前端部(364)的二系橡胶堆安装孔(365)，且一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的后端部(366)相对于摇枕(300)呈斜对称分布；摇枕上盖板(310)上且正对着二系橡胶堆安装孔(365)的位置处设置有定位孔(311)，所述定位孔(311)内设置有限位环套(312)；
    二系橡胶堆(400)底部通过螺栓固定在二系橡胶堆安装平台(245)上，二系橡胶堆(400)顶部***二系橡胶堆安装孔(365)内，直至二系橡胶堆(400)顶部的凸脐(410)穿过定位孔(311)限位在限位环套(312)内；
    两个弧形纵向梁单腹板(283)外侧面端部均设置有第一横向液压减振器安装座(288)，摇枕腹板(330)的两侧面均焊接有第二横向液压减振器安装座(380)，两个第二横向液压减振器安装座(380)相对于摇枕腹板(330)斜对称分布，且两个弧形纵向梁单腹板(283)上的第一横向液压减振器安装座(288)与摇枕腹板(330)两侧面上的第二横向液压减振器安装座(380)之间均设置有横向液压减振器(700)；
    两根横梁(250)的一端错开伸出一对侧梁(240)的侧梁双腹板(241)，伸出侧梁双腹板(241)的横梁(250)的一端底部均设置有第一牵引拉杆座(251)，两个第一牵引拉杆座(251)相对于构架呈斜对角布置；一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的后端部(366)下表面焊接有第二牵引拉杆座(370)；一对横梁(250)两端的第一牵引拉杆座(251)与一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)后端部(366)的第二牵引拉杆座(370)之间均设置有牵引拉杆装置(800)；
    一对侧梁(240)的侧梁上盖板(242)和侧梁下盖板(243)之间且位于侧梁双腹板(241)的两端外侧处均安装有轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)，侧梁下盖板(243)上且位于轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)正下方处开有与轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)连通的通孔(243a)；一对侧梁(240)底部且位于U型腔(244)的两端外侧处均设置有转臂座(210)，转臂座(210)上设置有安装腔(215)；轴箱弹性悬挂***(150)内置在轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)内，定位转臂(120)固定端通过弹性定位节点组成(130)与转臂座(210)的安装腔(215)连接；每个轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)的端面均设置有垂向液压减振器安装座(171)，垂向液压减振器(170)固定安装在垂向液压减振器安装座(171)上；
    轴箱弹性悬挂***(150)包括设置于承台(121)底面上的环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)、以并联形式抵压在环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)上的内钢弹簧(152)和外钢弹簧(153)，以及内衬在内钢弹簧(152)中的一系橡胶弹簧(154)，且所述一系橡胶弹簧(154)的顶部位于内钢弹簧(152)和外钢弹簧(153)的上端面，所述一系橡胶弹簧(154)的底部穿过内钢弹簧(152)设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)中部圆孔(151a)与承台(121)底面(121a)之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述二系橡胶堆安装平台(245)与所述侧梁上盖板(242)采用拼接焊缝进行连接形成一整体；所述转臂座(210)的顶板(216)与所述侧梁下盖板(243)采用拼接焊缝进行连接形成一整体；所述一对侧梁(240)的侧梁上盖板(242)的任意一端且位于所述轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)上方安装有称重阀安装座(290)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的后端部(366)高度小于所述前端部(364)高度，且所述前端部(364)与所述后端部(366)之间圆弧过渡。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述摇枕上盖板(310)包括一块前盖板(313)、一块后盖板(314)及一块向下内凹的凹型盖板(315)，所述凹型盖板(315)两端分别与所述前盖板(313)和所述后盖板(314)对焊形成一整体；所述凹型盖板(315)下表面两侧边与所述摇枕腹板(330)之间焊接有加强筋板(315a)，所述凹型盖板(315)的底面(315b)焊接有心盘垫板(350)；所述一对二系橡胶堆安装座(360)的二系橡胶堆安装孔(365)上端面设置有与所述摇枕上盖板(310)下表面焊接的二系橡胶堆垫板(367)，且所述二系橡胶堆垫板(367)上开有与所述定位孔(311)相对应且连通的垫板通孔(367a)；所述第二牵引拉杆座(370)通过牵引拉杆座底板(371)焊接在所述二系橡胶堆安装座(360)后端部(366)的下表面上。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述一系橡胶弹簧(154)包括位于所述内钢弹簧(152)中央的倒T型锥柱(154a)、由多层金属薄片(154b)和多层橡胶片(154c)交错布置整体硫化成型的叠拼橡胶层(154d)，以及位于叠拼橡胶层(154d)外侧的刚性承台(154e)，所述刚性承台(154e)的顶部位于内钢弹簧(152)和外钢弹簧(153)的上端面， 所述倒T型锥柱(154a)底部***所述叠拼橡胶层(154d)的中间通孔(154f)直至设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)中部圆孔(151a)与承台(121)底面(121a)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述弹性定位节点组成(130)包括围合布置在定位转臂(120)的旋转端轴孔(123)内的两个弹性定位套(133)、内衬在两个弹性定位套(133)围合形成的弹性腔体(134)内的两个刚性定位套(132)及一个定位螺栓(131)；所述弹性定位节点组成(130)内置在所述转臂座(210)的安装腔(215)内，所述定位螺栓(131)依次穿过所述转臂座(210)一侧吊板(211)的固定孔(214)、弹性腔体(134)、两个刚性定位套(132)围合形成的定位腔体(135)及直至穿过所述转臂座(210)另一侧吊板(211)的固定孔(214)并通过螺母固定，两个所述刚性定位套(132)的一端均延伸至在弹性腔体(134)的中间部位、且另一端均延伸至所述转臂座(210)另一侧吊板(211)的固定孔(214)内；所述吊板(211)的固定孔(214)是由与构架(200)相连的上吊板(212)和下卡板(213)围合形成的固定孔(214)，且通过螺栓由下往上将所述下卡板(213)与所述上吊板(212)固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述定位转臂(120)和所述夹紧箍(160)与轴承后挡(113a)的密封均为迷宫密封结构(140)；所述夹紧箍(160)的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔(161)，且所述红外轴温探测孔(161)与所述轮对轴承(113)之间衬有橡胶防尘套(114)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述定位转臂(120)端面设置有提吊挡肩(122)，所述垂向液压减振器安装座(171)上设置有与所述提吊挡肩(122)相配合的轮对提吊(230)；所述轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)的外周缘壁设置有用于限位轮对提吊(230)的止挡(221)。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所述弧形纵向梁上盖板(281)的两端均设置有纵向止挡座(286)，所述弧形纵向梁单腹板(283)的外侧面中部设置有第一横向止挡座(287)；所述摇枕下盖板(320)两端焊接有一对第二横向止挡座(390)。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述铁路快运货车转向架，其特征在于：所 述轴箱体(110)在与所述防滑器转接座(180)的安装面处设置有轴箱体环形凹槽(110a)，所述防滑器转接座(180)在与所述轴箱体(110)安装的相应位置处设置有与所述轴箱体环形凹槽(110a)相配合的防滑器转接座凸环(181)；所述轴箱体环形凹槽(110a)与所述防滑器转接座凸环(181)的安装面处衬有橡胶垫圈(182)。
PCT/CN2018/075133 2017-01-23 2018-02-02 铁路快运货车转向架 WO2018133880A1 (zh)

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FR2280536B1 (zh) * 1974-08-02 1976-12-31 Creusot Loire
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CN106809233A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-09 中车长江车辆有限公司 铁路快运货车转向架
CN206456374U (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-09-01 中车长江车辆有限公司 铁路快运货车转向架

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FR2280536B1 (zh) * 1974-08-02 1976-12-31 Creusot Loire
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CN106809233A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-09 中车长江车辆有限公司 铁路快运货车转向架
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