WO2018120536A1 - 光伏组件及该光伏组件的封装方法 - Google Patents

光伏组件及该光伏组件的封装方法 Download PDF

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WO2018120536A1
WO2018120536A1 PCT/CN2017/081709 CN2017081709W WO2018120536A1 WO 2018120536 A1 WO2018120536 A1 WO 2018120536A1 CN 2017081709 W CN2017081709 W CN 2017081709W WO 2018120536 A1 WO2018120536 A1 WO 2018120536A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
plate
film layer
back plate
photovoltaic module
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PCT/CN2017/081709
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English (en)
French (fr)
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宋华辉
黄俊哲
刘洪明
李阳
王乃明
覃武
覃冬梅
胡杰
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018120536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120536A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of the photovoltaic industry, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and a packaging method of the photovoltaic component.
  • the existing crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are all of the structure of "front plate + adhesive film + several battery sheets (the number of battery sheets required for the entire assembly) + adhesive film + back sheet".
  • a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module is composed of 60 pieces or 72 pieces of individual cells in series. Taking a component of 60 batteries as an example, 10 pieces of cells are connected in series to form a battery string, 6 sets of battery strings are connected in series, and then the whole layer is glued. Glue film.
  • the adhesive film plays two main roles in the assembly: first bonding the battery sheet and the front and back sheet materials, and secondly isolating the battery sheet from the outside water vapor.
  • the raw material layer is laid. If any problem is found in the battery piece, the front plate or the back plate at this time, the problematic part can be separately removed and replaced.
  • the adhesive film is cross-linked, and the front plate, the battery sheet and the back sheet are bonded as a whole, and the front plate, the bonding material, the battery string and the back plate are completely inseparable. .
  • the EL test electrophotometric test, used to detect internal defects, cracks, debris, solder joints, broken gates, and different conversion efficiency monolithic cell anomalies
  • the EL test used to detect internal defects, cracks, debris, solder joints, broken gates, and different conversion efficiency monolithic cell anomalies
  • the EL test used to detect internal defects, cracks, debris, solder joints, broken gates, and different conversion efficiency monolithic cell anomalies
  • the front plate and the back plate may also be chipped when laminated.
  • the battery piece, the bonding material, and the front plate and the back plate are completely bonded together, and the battery piece and the front plate and the back plate are not replaceable.
  • the fragmentation of a certain battery piece affects the electrical performance of the component and the aesthetic appearance of the component to some extent, so the overall photovoltaic component after lamination may not be utilized due to problems of a certain cell sheet or front plate or back plate.
  • waste of other cells and front and back plates on the component is not generated, and the corresponding production energy consumption does not create value.
  • the whole component is often unavailable due to problems in one of the battery sheets or the front plate and the back plate.
  • the recycling industry of the photovoltaic components is not perfect, resulting in a large amount of waste of resources.
  • a photovoltaic module comprising: a front plate, a back plate and a battery assembly; the battery assembly is fixed in a sealed cavity formed by the front plate and the back plate; the battery assembly includes at least one battery string formed by connecting the battery sheets, two or more The battery strings are arranged in parallel in the sealed cavity.
  • the battery string includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the battery strings are wrapped with a sealing structure for isolating the battery strings from the outside.
  • the sealing structure comprises a first adhesive film layer and a second adhesive film layer
  • the battery string is disposed between the first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer, the first adhesive film layer, the battery string and the first The two film layers are laminated to form a unitary body.
  • the front panel includes a vertically connected bottom panel and an edge panel, the edge panel extending circumferentially along the edge of the bottom panel; the edge panel is provided with a fixing structure at one end away from the bottom panel, and the fixing structure is used to fix the back panel.
  • the fixed structure includes an annular groove that forms a stepped structure with the edge plate for engaging the backing plate.
  • a side of the backing plate away from the front panel is flush with an end of the edge panel away from the bottom panel.
  • a method of packaging a photovoltaic module comprising the steps of:
  • the battery assembly is placed between the front plate and the back plate, and the front plate and the back plate are sealed to each other.
  • the plurality of battery pieces are connected in series to form a battery string via the interconnecting strip, and the battery string is placed on the first film layer and the first The two film layers are laminated to form a whole.
  • two or more battery strings are connected in series through the bus bar to form the battery assembly.
  • the material of the first film layer or the second film layer is any one of the following materials: EVA, POE, liquid silicone.
  • the thickness of the front or back panel is from 2 mm to 3.5 mm.
  • the above photovoltaic module, the battery assembly including at least one battery string is fixed in a sealed cavity formed by the front plate and the back plate, the battery assembly is in detachable contact with the front plate or the back plate, and the battery string and the battery string in the battery assembly It is also a detachable connection.
  • the battery chips and raw materials that can still be used in the components reduce waste of resources, fully realize the value of production energy consumption, and reduce the overall production cost of the components.
  • the packaging method of the above photovoltaic module is different from the traditional packaging method of the photovoltaic component.
  • the adhesive film cross-linking reaction only covers the battery string, and the wrapped battery string is placed between the front plate and the back plate material, that is, the package is packaged.
  • the covered battery string is non-bonded and detachable in contact with the front and back plates. When a battery string or front plate and back plate materials have problems, they can be replaced. Continue to use other available parts of raw materials to reduce raw materials.
  • the battery string is made up of a series of cells connected in series and crosslinked Should form a whole, when a battery has a problem, only need to replace the battery string where the battery is located, other battery strings can continue to use, reducing the waste of the battery and reducing the overall cost of the component.
  • the front plate and the back plate are not subjected to the laminating process, and the breaking phenomenon of the front plate and the back plate during the laminating process is correspondingly avoided, and the yield of the assembly is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a packaged battery string of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery string and a sealing structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for packaging a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a photovoltaic module includes: a front plate 100, a back plate 200, and a battery assembly 300; the battery assembly 300 is fixed in a sealed cavity formed by the front plate 100 and the back plate 200.
  • the battery assembly 300 includes at least one battery string 310 formed by connection of battery sheets, and two or more battery strings 310 are arranged in parallel in the sealed cavity.
  • the front plate 100 is usually a tempered coated glass
  • the back plate 200 is a TPT back plate 200 or an ordinary tempered glass.
  • the front plate 100 may have a thickness of 2 mm to 3.5 mm
  • the back plate 200 may have a thickness of 2 mm to 3.5 mm.
  • the front plate 100 and the back plate 200 may be sealed by a sealing strip or sealed by a sealing silicone to provide electricity between the two.
  • the pool assembly 300 is isolated from external moisture.
  • the battery string 310 is wrapped with a sealing structure 320 for isolating the battery string 310 from the outside, thereby further ensuring isolation of the battery string 310 from external moisture, and preferably ensuring stability and long-term use of the photovoltaic module. Sex.
  • the battery string 310 includes a plurality of battery sheets 311 which are connected in series by interconnecting strips and are wrapped with a sealing structure 320.
  • the sealing structure 320 further seals the battery sheets 311 while fixing the battery sheets 311.
  • the sealing structure 320 may have various structural forms.
  • the sealing structure 320 includes a first adhesive film layer 321 and a second adhesive film layer 322.
  • the battery string 310 is disposed on the first adhesive film layer 321 and the second adhesive film layer 322. Between the first film layer 321, the battery string 310 and the second film layer 322 are laminated to form a unitary body.
  • the sealing structure 320 can also adopt other structures, and is not limited to the film layer covering structure of the embodiment, as long as the sealing and fixing of the battery string 310 can be realized.
  • the material of the first adhesive film layer 321 or the second adhesive film layer 322 may be a battery string 310 by using EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a plastic raw material), POE (polyolefin elastomer) or liquid silicone.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a plastic raw material
  • POE polyolefin elastomer
  • the first adhesive film layer 321 and the second adhesive film layer 322 undergo a crosslinking reaction to coat the battery string 310, the battery string 310 and the glue
  • the film is bonded as a whole, that is, as a separate battery string 310, a certain number of individual battery strings 310 are placed between the front plate 100 and the back plate 200, preferably, the battery string 310 and the battery string 310
  • the spacing between the two is about 3 mm to 4 mm
  • the battery assembly 300 is formed by connecting the battery strings 310 in series with the bus bar, and the front plate 100 and the back plate 200 are fixedly sealed to finally form a photovoltaic module.
  • the area of the first film layer 321 or the second film layer 322 is larger than the area of the battery string 310, in other words, the first film layer 321 and the second film layer 322.
  • the periphery of the battery string 310 wrapped therein has a certain distance along the periphery of the adhesive film, and the distance is about 5 mm to 10 mm.
  • the battery string 310 and the front panel 100 or the back panel 200 are independently separable, and any problem may be replaced, and the other is not
  • the raw materials with problems can continue to be used. Therefore, it is possible to make full use of the battery sheets and raw materials that can still be used in the components, reduce waste of resources, fully realize the value of production energy consumption, and reduce the overall production cost of the components.
  • the front panel 100 includes a vertically connected bottom plate 110 and an edge plate 120.
  • the edge plate 120 extends circumferentially along the edge of the bottom plate 110; the edge plate 120 is away from the end of the bottom plate 110.
  • a fixed structure for fixing the back plate is provided.
  • the fixing structure includes an annular groove, and the annular groove and the edge plate 120 form a step structure 121 for engaging the back plate 200.
  • the backing plate 200 is embedded in the front panel 100 by the step structure 121, and the front panel 100 and the back panel 200 can form a sealed cavity for fixedly mounting the battery assembly 300.
  • the fixing structure may also be other structural forms.
  • the fixing structure includes a slot and a rib, and the slot may be disposed on an inner circumferential surface of the edge plate 120 away from the end of the bottom plate 110, the length of the slot.
  • the height of the edge plate is smaller than the height of the edge plate, and the corresponding groove of the rib is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the back plate 200.
  • the back plate 200 is fixed to the front plate 100 by using the rib insertion slot.
  • the front panel 100 of the present embodiment is different from the planar structure of the conventional front panel.
  • the front panel 100 includes a bottom panel 110 and a circumferentially surrounding edge panel 120, and an annular groove is formed at an end of the edge panel 120 away from the bottom panel 110.
  • the step structure 121 of the back plate 200 is clamped.
  • the back plate 200 and the edge plate 120 are in a seamless contact manner, that is, the size and shape of the back plate 200 and the circumferential surface size and shape of the annular groove.
  • the back plate 200 there is a certain interval between the back plate 200 and the bottom plate 110 of the front plate 100.
  • the space is used for laying the battery string 310 covered by the sealed structure 320. After the battery string 310 is laid, the back plate is laid.
  • the 200 is fixed to the front panel 100.
  • the back plate 200 can be completely integrated with the front plate 100 in appearance, that is, the back plate 200 is away from one side of the front plate 100 and the edge plate 120 is away from the bottom plate 110. One end is flush so that the backing plate 200 is completely embedded in the front panel 100.
  • the front plate 100 has a thickness of 2 mm to 3.5 mm
  • the back plate 200 has a thickness of 2 mm to 3.5 mm
  • the edge plate 120 has a height of 4 mm to 5 mm, that is, between the bottom plate 110 of the front plate 100 and the back plate 200.
  • the interval is about 1.5 mm to 2 mm.
  • a plurality of ribs may be disposed in parallel on the bottom plate 110, the battery strings 310 are placed between adjacent ribs, and the ribs and edge plates 120 are disposed. Between, the battery string 310 is effectively fixed.
  • the front panel 100 and the back panel 200 are not limited to the above structure, and the back panel 200 has a bottom panel and an edge panel structure.
  • the front panel 100 is embedded in the step structure of the edge panel of the back panel 200 to implement the front panel 100. It is fixed to the back plate 200, or other structure capable of mounting and fixing the front plate 100 and the back plate 200 and forming a sealed cavity therebetween.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for packaging a photovoltaic module, including:
  • Step S300 placing the battery assembly between the front plate and the back plate, and the front plate and the back plate are sealed and fixed to each other.
  • the front plate and the back plate are the front plate 100 and the back plate 200 in the above embodiment, the front plate is usually tempered coated glass, the back plate is made of TPT back plate or ordinary tempered glass, and the thickness of the front plate or the back plate is 2 mm. ⁇ 3.5mm.
  • the interface between the front plate and the back plate may be sealed by a sealing strip or sealed by a sealing silicone, and the battery assembly is placed in a sealed cavity formed by the front plate and the back plate.
  • the battery assembly is laid flat on the bottom plate of the front plate, and then the back plate is fixed and fixed to the front plate through the step structure. Finally, the interface between the front plate and the back plate is sealed with a sealing tape to form a photovoltaic module.
  • step S300 the method further includes step S100: connecting a plurality of battery sheets into a battery string in series via the interconnecting strip, and placing the battery string between the first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer to form a whole.
  • the material of the first film layer or the second film layer may be EVA, POE or liquid silicone or the like. After the high-temperature vacuum lamination process, the first film layer and the second film layer are cross-linked, and the battery strings are completely coated to form a whole.
  • step S200 two or more battery strings are connected in series through the bus bar to form the battery assembly.
  • the battery string here is a battery string completely covered by the film layer, and two or more battery strings are connected in series via the bus bar to form the battery assembly in step S300.
  • the packaging method of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the invention can remove the sealing tape of the front and back interface joints regardless of the problem of a certain battery string or the damage of the front plate and the back plate material, and only replace the problematic one. Group battery strings or damaged front and back plates, and continue to use other available parts of raw materials to reduce raw material waste.
  • the front plate and the back plate are not subjected to the laminating process, and the breaking phenomenon of the front plate and the back plate during the laminating process is correspondingly avoided, and the yield of the assembly is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种光伏组件，包括：前板（100）、背板（200）和电池组件（300）；该电池组件固定在前板和背板形成的密封空腔内；电池组件包括至少一个电池串（310），两个以上的电池串平行间隔地排列在密封空腔内。该光伏组件中，电池组件与前板或者背板为可分离式接触，电池组件中的电池串与电池串之间也为可分离式连接。当某一电池串中的电池片出现问题，或者前板、后板出现问题时都可单独被更换，而其他没有出现问题的材料可继续使用，从而充分利用了组件中仍可使用的电池片及原材料，减少资源浪费，实现生产能耗的价值化，降低组件整体的生产成本。还提供了一种光伏组件的封装方法。

Description

光伏组件及该光伏组件的封装方法
相关申请
本发明申请要求2016年12月28日申请的，申请号为201611236842.2，名称为“光伏组件及该光伏组件的封装方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏行业技术领域，特别是涉及一种光伏组件及该光伏组件的封装方法。
背景技术
现有晶硅光伏组件均为“前板+粘结胶膜+若干电池片(整个组件所需电池片的数量)+粘结胶膜+背板”的结构。一般晶硅光伏组件由60片或72片的单个电池片串联组成，以60片电池的组件为例，将10片电池片串联成一组电池串，6组电池串串联在一起，然后整体铺设粘结胶膜。粘结胶膜在组件中主要起两种作用：首先粘结电池片和前、背板材料，其次隔绝电池片与外界水汽。
按照以上顺序将原材料层层铺设好，此时若发现电池片、前板或背板任一处有问题，均可单独拆下存在问题部分更换。铺设完成后经过一定温度的层压工序，粘结胶膜发生交联反应，将前板、电池片以及背板粘结为整体，至此前板、粘结材料、电池串以及背板完全不可分离。虽然在层压之前经过EL测试(电致发光测试，用于检测太阳能电池组件的内部缺陷、隐裂、碎片、虚焊、断栅以及不同转换效率单片电池异常现象)确保电池片无破碎及隐裂现象，但由于电池片的韧性很小，在抽真空加压的层压过程中经常会出现某片电池片的破碎情况，前板与背板在层压时也有可能出现碎裂等问题，这时电池片、粘结材料及前板和背板已完全粘结成一整体，电池片与前板、背板均不可更换。其中某一电池片的碎裂一定程度上影响组件的电性能及外表的美观性，故层压后整体的光伏组件可能会由于某片电池片或前板、背板出现的问题而不被利用，从而导致该组件上其它电池片及前板、背板的浪费，相应的生产能耗没有创造利用价值。在后续组件的使用过程中也经常会由于其中某一电池片或前板、背板出现问题而造成整个组件的不可用，而现在光伏组件的回收利用产业不健全，造成了大量的资源浪费。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对由于某一电池片或前板、背板出现问题导致整个光伏组件的不可用的问题，提供一种光伏组件以及一种光伏组件的封装方法。
上述目的通过以下实施方式实现：
一种光伏组件，包括：前板、背板和电池组件；电池组件固定在前板和背板形成的密封空腔内；电池组件包括至少一个由电池片连接形成的电池串，两个以上的电池串平行间隔地排列在密封空腔内。
在其中一个实施例中，电池串包括多个串联的电池片，电池串外包裹有密封结构，密封结构用于将电池串与外部隔离。
在其中一个实施例中，密封结构包括第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层，电池串设置在第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间，第一胶膜层、电池串和第二胶膜层经层压形成一个整体。
在其中一个实施例中，前板包括垂直连接的底板和边缘板，边缘板沿着底板的边沿周向延伸；边缘板远离底板的一端设置有固定结构，固定结构用于固定背板。
在其中一个实施例中，固定结构包括环形槽，环形槽与边缘板形成用于卡设背板的台阶结构。
在其中一个实施例中，背板远离前板的一侧面与边缘板远离底板的一端齐平。
一种光伏组件的封装方法，包括以下步骤：
将电池组件放置于前板和背板之间，前板和背板相互密封固定。
在其中一个实施例中，在将电池组件放置于前板和背板之间的步骤之前，将多个电池片经由互联条串联成电池串，并将电池串置于第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间经层压形成一个整体。
在其中一个实施例中，在将电池串置于第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间经层压形成一个整体的步骤之后，两个以上的电池串通过汇流带串联形成电池组件。
在其中一个实施例中，第一胶膜层或第二胶膜层的材料为以下材料中的任意一种：EVA、POE、液态硅胶。
在其中一个实施例中，前板或背板的厚度为2mm～3.5mm。
上述光伏组件，包括至少一个电池串的电池组件固定在前板和背板形成的密封空腔内，电池组件与前板或者背板为可分离式接触，电池组件中的电池串与电池串之间也为可分离式连接，当某一电池串中的电池片出现问题，或者前板、后板出现问题时都可单独被更换，而其他没有出现问题的材料可继续使用，这样，充分利用了组件中仍可使用的电池片及原材料，减少资源浪费，充分实现生产能耗的价值化，降低组件整体的生产成本。
上述光伏组件的封装方法，不同于光伏组件传统的封装方式，粘结胶膜交联反应仅将电池串包覆，包覆后的电池串放入前板和背板材料之间，即被包覆的电池串与前板和背板是不粘结、可分离式接触的，某一电池串或前板和背板材料出现问题时都可被更换，继续使用其他可用部分的原材料，减少原材料浪费；而电池串由一定数量的电池片串联而成并经交联反 应形成一个整体，当某片电池出现问题时仅需更换该片电池所处的电池串，其它电池串可继续使用，减少了电池片的浪费及降低组件整体成本。
另外，该封装方法中前板、背板不经过层压工序，相应规避了在层压过程中前板、背板的破碎现象，提高了组件的成品率。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解，下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中
图1为本发明实施例提供的光伏组件的正视示意图；
图2为图1的A-A剖视图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的光伏组件的被包覆后的电池串的示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的光伏组件的电池串与密封结构的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的光伏组件的封装方法的流程图。
图中：100-前板；110-底板；120-边缘板；121-台阶结构；200-背板；300-电池组件；310-电池串；311-电池片；320-密封结构；321-第一胶膜层；322-第二胶膜层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的光伏组件及光伏组件的封装方法进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。相反，当元件被称作“直接在”另一元件“上”时，不存在中间元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
如图1至图3所示，本发明一个实施例的光伏组件，包括：前板100、背板200和电池组件300；电池组件300固定在前板100和背板200形成的密封空腔内；电池组件300包括至少一个由电池片连接形成的电池串310，两个以上的电池串310平行间隔地排列在密封空腔内。
其中，前板100通常为钢化镀膜玻璃，背板200采用TPT背板200或者采用普通钢化玻璃。前板100的厚度可以为2mm～3.5mm，背板200的厚度可以为2mm～3.5mm。前板100和背板200可以通过密封胶条密封，也可以通过密封硅胶进行密封，以使设置于两者之间的电 池组件300与外部水汽等隔绝。
进一步地，电池串310外包裹有密封结构320，用于将电池串310与外部隔离，从而能够进一步地保证电池串310与外部水汽等隔绝，较佳地保证了光伏组件使用的稳定性和长久性。
结合图4，电池串310包括多个电池片311，多个电池片311利用互联条串联，并在外包裹有密封结构320，密封结构320进一步对电池片311进行密封，同时能够固定电池片311。密封结构320的结构形式可以有多种，优选地，密封结构320包括第一胶膜层321和第二胶膜层322，电池串310设置在第一胶膜层321和第二胶膜层322之间，第一胶膜层321、电池串310和第二胶膜层322经层压形成一个整体。当然，密封结构320也可以采用其他结构，并不局限于本实施例的胶膜层包覆结构，只要能够实现对电池串310的密封固定的均包含在本发明中。
第一胶膜层321或第二胶膜层322的材料可以采用EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，一种塑胶原料)、POE(聚烯烃弹性体)或者液态硅胶，将电池串310置于第一胶膜层321和第二胶膜层322之间，然后进行层压，第一胶膜层321和第二胶膜层322发生交联反应将电池串310包覆，电池串310与胶膜层粘结为一个整体，即成为一个独立的电池串310，将一定数量的单独的电池串310放入前板100和背板200之间排列整齐，优选地，电池串310与电池串310之间的间距大约为3mm～4mm，利用汇流带串联各个电池串310形成上述电池组件300，将前板100和背板200进行固定密封，最终形成光伏组件。
为保证电池串310被胶膜完全包覆，第一胶膜层321或第二胶膜层322面积大于电池串310的面积，换句话说，第一胶膜层321和第二胶膜层322在发生交联反应互相粘结后，包裹于其内的电池串310的周边沿到粘结胶膜的周边沿有一定距离，该距离大约为5mm～10mm。
本发明实施例的光伏组件，电池串310与电池串310之间，电池串310与前板100或背板200之间均是独立可分离的，任一部分出现问题均可被更换，而其他不存在问题的原材料可继续使用，因此，能够充分利用组件中仍可使用的电池片及原材料，减少资源浪费，充分实现生产能耗的价值化，降低组件整体的生产成本。
参见图1和图2，作为一种优选的实施方式，前板100包括垂直连接的底板110和边缘板120，边缘板120沿着底板110的边沿周向延伸；边缘板120远离底板110的一端设置有用于固定背板的固定结构。
优选地，固定结构包括环形槽，环形槽与边缘板120形成用于卡设背板200的台阶结构121。这样，背板200通过台阶结构121嵌入前板100，前板100和背板200能够形成用于固定安装电池组件300的密封空腔。当然，固定结构还可以为其他结构形式，例如，固定结构包括插槽和凸筋，插槽可以设置在边缘板120远离底板110的一端的内周面上，插槽的长度 小于边缘板的高度，凸筋对应插槽设置在背板200的外周面上，背板200利用凸筋***插槽实现与前板100的固定。
本实施例的前板100不同于传统前板的平面结构，前板100包括底板110和周向围设的边缘板120，并在边缘板120远离底板110的一端开设有环形槽，形成了用于卡设背板200的台阶结构121。当背板200通过台阶结构121固定在前板100上时，背板200与边缘板120为无缝隙贴合接触，也就是说，背板200的大小、形状与环形槽的周面大小、形状适配，从而保证背板200较好地安装在前板100上并能够卡合固定，同时利用密封胶带等对前板100与背板200的界面连接处进行密封，进一步隔绝水汽进入到前板100与背板200形成的空腔内。
可以理解，背板200与前板100的底板110之间是具有一定间隔的，该间隔用于铺设上述被密封结构320包覆后的电池串310，在铺设好电池串310后，将背板200与前板100安装固定。为保证光伏组件的整体一致，便于利用密封胶带进行密封，背板200从外观上能够与前板100完全融合，也就是说，背板200远离前板100的一侧面与边缘板120远离底板110的一端齐平，使得背板200完全嵌入前板100。
具体地，前板100厚度为2mm～3.5mm，背板200厚度也为2mm～3.5mm，边缘板120的高度为4mm～5mm，也就是说，前板100的底板110与背板200之间的间隔大约为1.5mm～2mm，这样，在放入包覆后的电池串310进行背板200与前板100的封装时，背板200对电池串310具有一定的压紧力，加上电池串310外包覆的胶膜与前板100、背板200之间的摩擦力，使得电池串310能够较为稳定地固定在前板100与背板200形成的密封空腔内。
为了进一步对排列在前板100上的电池串310进行定位，可以在底板110上平行间隔地设置多个凸筋，电池串310放置于相邻的凸筋之间，以及凸筋与边缘板120之间，使得电池串310得到有效固定。
当然，前板100和背板200并不限于上述结构形式，还可以是背板200具有底板和边缘板结构，将前板100卡嵌于背板200的边缘板的台阶结构上实现前板100和背板200的安装固定，或者其他能够实现前板100与背板200的安装固定并使两者形成密封空腔的结构。
参见图5，本发明实施例还提供了一种光伏组件的封装方法，其包括：
步骤S300：将电池组件放置于前板和背板之间，前板和背板相互密封固定。
其中，前板和背板为上述实施例中的前板100和背板200，前板通常为钢化镀膜玻璃，背板采用TPT背板或者采用普通钢化玻璃，前板或背板的厚度为2mm～3.5mm。前板和背板的界面连接处可以通过密封胶条密封，也可以通过密封硅胶进行密封，电池组件放置于前板和背板形成的密封空腔内。
具体的，将电池组件平整铺设在前板的底板上，再将背板通过台阶结构与前板安装固定， 最后利用密封胶带密封前板和背板的界面连接处，即形成光伏组件。
进一步地，在步骤S300之前还包括步骤S100：将多个电池片经由互联条串联成电池串，并将电池串置于第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间经层压形成一个整体。
其中，第一胶膜层或第二胶膜层的材料可以为EVA、POE或者液态硅胶等等。经过高温抽真空的层压工艺，第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层发生交联反应，将电池串完全包覆形成一个整体。
再进一步地，在步骤S100之后包括步骤S200：两个以上的电池串通过汇流带串联形成电池组件。需要说明的是，此处的电池串为被胶膜层完全包覆的电池串，将两个以上的电池串经汇流带串联即形成步骤S300中的电池组件。
本发明实施例的光伏组件的封装方法，无论是某一电池串出现问题，或前板、背板材料损坏，都可拆下前、背板界面连接处的密封胶带，仅更换出现问题的某组电池串或损坏的前板、背板，而继续使用其他可用部分的原材料，减少原材料浪费。另外，该封装方法中前板、背板不经过层压工序，相应规避了在层压过程中前板、背板的破碎现象，提高了组件的成品率。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种光伏组件，其特征在于，包括：前板(100)、背板(200)和电池组件(300)；所述电池组件(300)固定在所述前板(100)和所述背板(200)形成的密封空腔内；
    所述电池组件(300)包括至少一个由电池片连接形成的电池串(310)，两个以上的所述电池串(310)平行间隔地排列在所述密封空腔内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述电池串(310)包括多个串联的电池片(311)，所述电池串(310)外包裹有密封结构(320)，所述密封结构(320)用于将所述电池串(310)与外部隔离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述密封结构(320)包括第一胶膜层(321)和第二胶膜层(322)，所述电池串(310)设置在所述第一胶膜层(321)和所述第二胶膜层(322)之间，所述第一胶膜层(321)、所述电池串(310)和所述第二胶膜层(322)经层压形成一个整体。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述前板(100)包括垂直连接的底板(110)和边缘板(120)，所述边缘板(120)沿着所述底板(110)的边沿周向延伸；
    所述边缘板(120)远离所述底板(110)的一端设置有固定结构，所述固定结构用于固定所述背板(200)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述固定结构包括环形槽，所述环形槽与所述边缘板(120)形成用于卡设所述背板(200)的台阶结构(121)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述背板(200)远离所述前板(100)的一侧面与所述边缘板(120)远离所述底板(110)的一端齐平。
  7. 一种光伏组件的封装方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    将电池组件放置于前板和背板之间，前板和背板相互密封固定。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光伏组件的封装方法，其特征在于，在所述将电池组件放置于前板和背板之间的步骤之前，将多个电池片经由互联条串联成电池串，并将电池串置于第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间经层压形成一个整体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件的封装方法，其特征在于，在所述将电池串置于第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间经层压形成一个整体的步骤之后，两个以上的所述电池串通过汇流带串联形成所述电池组件。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件的封装方法，其特征在于，所述第一胶膜层或所述第二胶膜层的材料为以下材料中的任意一种：EVA、POE、液态硅胶。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10任一项所述的光伏组件的封装方法，其特征在于，所述前板或所述背板的厚度为2mm～3.5mm。
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