WO2018103326A1 - 巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置及方法 - Google Patents

巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018103326A1
WO2018103326A1 PCT/CN2017/091611 CN2017091611W WO2018103326A1 WO 2018103326 A1 WO2018103326 A1 WO 2018103326A1 CN 2017091611 W CN2017091611 W CN 2017091611W WO 2018103326 A1 WO2018103326 A1 WO 2018103326A1
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Prior art keywords
funnel
drilling
cuttings
hole
pipe
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PCT/CN2017/091611
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑西贵
安铁梁
张农
刘灿灿
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中国矿业大学
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to RU2018111528A priority Critical patent/RU2692321C1/ru
Priority to CA2995113A priority patent/CA2995113C/en
Priority to AU2017311614A priority patent/AU2017311614B2/en
Publication of WO2018103326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018103326A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting the lithology of the roof lining of the roadway, which is especially suitable for the geological conditions of the lithology of the roof of the coal mine roadway, and solves the major problem of quantitatively describing the lithology composition of the roof lining of the roadway, and is applied to the mine roadway branch.
  • Technical field is especially suitable for the geological conditions of the lithology of the roof of the coal mine roadway, and solves the major problem of quantitatively describing the lithology composition of the roof lining of the roadway, and is applied to the mine roadway branch.
  • the occurrence conditions of coal resources in China are affected by the sedimentary environment.
  • the lithology of the roof is often changed frequently in the same tunnel of the same horizon. Because the lithological characteristics of the roof of the roadway cannot be proved in time, the support design cannot change with the lithology of the roof. In case of timely change, sometimes the roof accident may be caused by insufficient support strength, or the support strength is excessive, the support material is wasted, and the tunneling efficiency is reduced.
  • the first one is to use the geological core drill to take out the core, and according to the columnar structure of the core, the geomechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the roof are manually analyzed, and then the support design is carried out.
  • This method is time-consuming and costly, and the geological drilling rig is also large in size. It is not suitable for use in the excavation working face, and can not be used anytime and anywhere with the excavation machine.
  • the second method is the geophysical method, which has different physical properties ( Geological structures are inferred from anomalies such as density, magnetic, electrical, elastic wave propagation velocity, radioactivity, etc., while geophysical predictions are mainly for interfaces (faults and their fracture zones, weak interlayers, different rock strata, strata, strata).
  • the prediction of the location of the interface can not effectively identify the lithology of the roof rock stratum, which is the key and difficult point of the anchorage support construction of the roadway.
  • the third is to use the roof structure peeper as an observation means to peep into the lithology in the borehole of the roof of the roadway. Due to the complicated external environment and the lack of the instrument itself, the borehole imaging is often unclear, resulting in large errors.
  • the lithological composition of the top plate cannot be quantitatively determined. Therefore, the method of detecting the lithologic composition of the roadway roof needs further research. It is urgent to propose a method that can be applied to the working environment of coal mine roadway to quickly and accurately detect the lithology composition of the roof.
  • the lining component of the lining of the roadway of the present invention includes a cuttings collection device, a single anchor rig and an enhanced handheld ore analyzer, wherein the single anchor rig Vertically setting and drilling the top plate;
  • the cuttings collecting device comprises a device casing, a cuttings collecting funnel, a duct, a drying device, a filter tube, a vent hole and a drain pipe, wherein the drying device and the filter tube are respectively arranged vertically Inside the device casing, the drying device is arranged around the filter tube, and an opening connected to the filter tube is arranged above the device casing, a plurality of vent holes are arranged on the side, and a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom, and the bottom of the chip collecting funnel is arranged at the center There is a funnel hole, one side is provided with a conduit, and the upper opening of the cuttings collection funnel is arranged in a single body Below the borehole of the bolt drill, the cuttings collection funnel is connected to the filter tube through
  • the single anchor drilling rig is hydraulic or pneumatic; the drill pipe is a graduated drill pipe, and the drill pipe is 1 m in length, and the height is 1 cm and the depth is 1 mm every 20 cm from top to bottom. Groove, using reflective paint, sprays red, yellow, green, blue and blue colors in the groove from top to bottom along the drilling direction.
  • the circular funnel hole at the bottom of the cuttings collecting funnel has a diameter of 20-30 mm, and the uppermost opening of the cuttings collecting funnel is a circular bell mouth with a diameter of 50-60 cm, and the cutting debris collecting funnel is fixed on the top plate by using an expansion bolt.
  • Upper; the cuttings collection funnel and the first 50cm steel tube that make up the conduit are welded together, all in stainless steel, and the joint is located at the lowest end of the cuttings collection funnel.
  • the conduit is composed of a plurality of short steel tubes of 50 cm, and the steel pipes are screwed.
  • the drying device is composed of two electric heating tubes with 2000W nickel-chromium wire.
  • the filter tube has a filter hole at the bottom and the side wall, the filter tube has a mesh number of 80 to 120, and the filter hole has a diameter of 0.125 mm to 0.18 mm.
  • a method for detecting a lithology component of a roadway roof comprising the following steps:
  • the scaled drill pipe stops the perforation every 20 cm drilled.
  • the rock debris mixture in the top plate is collected by the cuttings collecting funnel and is introduced into the filter pipe of the cuttings collection device through the conduit.
  • the medium is filtered, the water is discharged through the drain pipe, the rock debris is deposited in the filter tube, and the drying device disposed around the filter tube dries the cuttings left in the filter tube to obtain the sampling of the roof rock. , replacing the filter tube in the cuttings collection device, and recording and numbering the removed filter tubes in order, thereby obtaining rock samples for drilling holes of different depths;
  • the collected filter tubes are sequentially numbered, and the cuttings in the filter tubes are detected and analyzed in turn using a strong handheld ore analyzer.
  • the borehole depth records can be used to determine the rocks of the roof rock formation in the borehole from shallow to deep. Sexual characteristics.
  • the method utilizes a special cuttings collecting device to collect the lump cuttings during the drilling process of the jack rig, and completes the whole process of cuttings, filtering, sedimentation and drying in the roadway working face, combined with the enhanced hand-held ore.
  • the analyzer instantly measures the lithological composition within a certain range of the roof of the roadway.
  • the method overcomes the engineering problem that the same support method is often used in the same roadway, realizes the timely adjustment of the support scheme with the change of the lithological composition of the roof road, and is suitable for the geological conditions of the lithology of the roadway roof; during the roadway excavation process Continuously detecting the lithologic composition of the roof, providing a scientific basis for the design and adjustment of support methods and support parameters, minimizing the occurrence of roofing accidents, and providing a safe and reliable working environment for coal miners;
  • the invention has the advantages of simple operation, safety and reliability, and convenient use on the construction site.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view showing a planar arrangement of the present invention
  • 1 - cuttings collection device 1 - cuttings collection device; 2 - single anchor drilling rig; 3 - cuttings collection funnel; 4- funnel hole; 5 - conduit; 6 - drying device; 7 - filter tube; ; 9 - drain pipe; 10 - top plate; 11 - roadway floor.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a graduated drill pipe
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a cuttings collection funnel.
  • the drilling while detecting device for the lithologic composition of the roadway roof of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a cuttings collecting device 1, a single anchor drilling rig 2 and an enhanced handheld ore analyzer, wherein the single body is monolithic.
  • the anchor drilling rig 2 is vertically disposed and drilled into the top plate 10;
  • the cuttings collecting device 1 includes a device casing, a cuttings collecting funnel 3, a duct 5, a drying device 6, a filter tube 7, a vent hole 8, and a drain pipe 9.
  • the drying device 6 and the filter tube 7 are respectively vertically disposed inside the device casing, and the drying device 6 is composed of two electric heating tubes with 2000W nickel-chromium wire, and the drying device 6 is disposed around the filter tube 7.
  • An opening connected to the filter tube 7 is arranged above the device casing, a plurality of exhaust holes 8 are arranged on the side, and a drain pipe 9 is arranged at the bottom, and a funnel hole 4 is arranged in the lower part of the chip collecting funnel 3, and one side is provided
  • the conduit 5 is composed of a plurality of 50 cm short steel tubes, the steel tubes are screwed, the upper opening of the cuttings collection funnel 3 is disposed below the bore of the single anchor drill 2, and the cuttings collection funnel 3 is passed through the conduit 5. It is connected to the filter tube 7.
  • the filter tube 7 has a filter hole at the bottom and the side wall.
  • the filter tube has a mesh number of 80 to 120, and the filter hole has a diameter of 0.125 mm to 0.18 mm.
  • the single anchor drilling rig 2 is hydraulic or pneumatic; as shown in Fig. 2, the drill pipe is a graduated drill pipe, and the drill pipe is 1 m long along the length of 1 m from top to bottom.
  • the drill pipe is 1 m long along the length of 1 m from top to bottom.
  • using reflective paint spray the red, yellow, green, blue and blue color bands in the groove from top to bottom in the drilling direction, wherein the length of L 1 is 100cm and the length of L 2 is 20cm. .
  • the circular funnel hole 4 at the bottom of the cuttings collecting funnel 3 has a diameter of 20-30 mm, and the uppermost opening of the cuttings collecting funnel 3 is a circular bell mouth with a diameter of 50-60 cm, and is expanded.
  • the bolts fix the cuttings collection funnel 3 to the top plate; the cuttings collection funnel 3 and the first 50 cm steel pipe forming the conduit 5 are welded together, all in stainless steel, and the joint is located at the lowest end of the cuttings collection funnel.
  • a method for detecting a lithology component of a roadway roof comprising the following steps:
  • the scaled drill pipe stops the perforation every 20 cm, and the rock debris mixture in the top plate 11 is collected by the cuttings collection funnel 3, and the conduit 5 is led into the cuttings collection device.
  • Filtration in the filter tube 7 of 1 is carried out, moisture is discharged through the drain pipe 9, and the rock debris is deposited in the filter tube 7, while the drying device 6 disposed around the filter tube 7 bakes the debris deposited in the filter tube 7 Dry, thereby obtaining the sampling of the rock of the top plate 11 of this section, replacing the filter tube 7 in the cuttings collection device 1, and recording and numbering the removed filter tubes 7 in order, thereby obtaining rock samples of the perforated holes of different depths of the top plate 1 ;
  • the collected filter tubes 7 are sequentially analyzed in the order of numbers, and the cuttings in the filter tubes are detected and analyzed in turn.
  • the comparison of the hole depth records can determine the roof rock formation in the borehole from shallow to deep. Lithological features.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

一种巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置及方法，随钻探测装置包括岩屑采集装置(1)、单体锚杆钻机(2)和增强型手持式矿石分析仪，单体锚杆钻机(2)垂直设置并向顶板(10)钻孔，岩屑采集装置(1)包括外壳、岩屑采集漏斗(3)、导管(5)、烘干装置(6)、过滤管(7)、排气孔(8)和排水管(9)，烘干装置(6)和过滤管(7)分别垂直设置在外壳内部，烘干装置(6)在过滤管(7)周围，外壳上方设有与过滤管(7)相连接的开口，侧面设有多个排气孔(8)，底部设有排水管(9)，岩屑采集漏斗(3)下方中央设有漏斗孔(4)，一侧设有导管(5)，岩屑采集漏斗(3)的上开口设置在单体锚杆钻机(2)钻孔下方，岩屑采集漏斗(3)通过导管(5)与过滤管(7)相连接；通过岩屑采集装置采集锚杆钻机在顶板凿孔过程中的随钻岩屑，在巷道掘进工作面完成岩屑引流、过滤、沉淀、烘干的全部过程，结合增强型手持式矿石分析仪，即时测定出巷道顶板一定范围内的岩性成分，实现了锚杆支护过程凿孔工序的同时完成对巷道顶板岩性的探测分析，适用于矿山巷道支护技术领域。

Description

巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测的方法，尤其适用于煤矿巷道顶板岩性复杂多变的地质条件，解决了定量描述巷道顶板岩性成分的重大难题，应用于矿山巷道支护技术领域。
背景技术
我国煤炭资源的赋存条件受沉积环境影响，顶板的岩性往往在同一层位的同一巷道中变化频繁，由于巷道顶板的岩性特征不能及时探明，支护设计不能随顶板岩性的变化而及时变更，有时会因为支护强度不够而造成顶板事故，或者支护强度过剩，浪费支护材料，降低掘进效率。
目前，确定巷道顶板岩性的方法主要有以下三种：第一种是利用地质岩心钻，取出岩心，根据岩心的柱状构造，人工分析获得顶板围岩的地质力学参数，再进行支护设计，这种方法耗时长、费用高，地质钻机的体型也较大，不适合在掘进工作面使用，不能随掘进机的掘进而随时随地使用；第二种方法是物探法，利用具有不同物理性质(如密度、磁性、电性、弹性波传播速度、放射性等)的岩层产生的异常来推断地质构造，而物探法预报主要是对界面(断层及其破碎带、软弱夹层、不同岩层分界面、地层分界面)位置的预报，不能有效的识别巷道顶板岩层的岩性，而这正是巷道锚固支护施工的重点和难点。第三种是利用顶板结构窥视仪为观测手段，对巷道顶板的钻孔内的岩性进行窥视，由于复杂的外部环境及仪器本身的不足，常常出现钻孔成像不清晰，导致误差较大，不能定量的测定出顶板的岩性成分。因此对巷道顶板岩性成分探测的方法需要进一步研究，亟需提出一种能够适用于煤矿巷道工作环境，快速、准确探测顶板岩性成分的方法。
发明内容
技术问题：针对上述技术的不足之处，提供一种步骤简单，解决了煤矿巷道掘进与支护过程中不能快速识别顶板岩性成分的技术难题，在巷道掘进过程中即时探明顶板岩层的岩性成分，安全高效的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置及方法。
技术方案：为实现上述技术目的，本发明的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，它包括岩屑采集装置、单体锚杆钻机和增强型手持式矿石分析仪，其中单体锚杆钻机垂直设置并向顶板钻孔；所述的岩屑采集装置包括装置外壳、岩屑采集漏斗、导管、烘干装置、过滤管、排气孔和排水管，其中烘干装置和过滤管分别垂直设置在装置外壳内部，烘干装置在过滤管周围，装置外壳上方设有与过滤管相连接的开口，侧面设有多个排气孔，底部设有排水管，所述岩屑采集漏斗下方中央设有漏斗孔，一侧设有导管，岩屑采集漏斗的上开口设置在单体 锚杆钻机钻孔下方，岩屑采集漏斗通过导管与过滤管相连接。
所述的单体锚杆钻机为液压式或气动式；钻杆为刻度式钻杆，沿着长度为1m的钻杆，从上至下每隔20cm加工一圈高为1cm，深为1mm的凹槽，使用反光涂料，沿钻进方向从上至下将凹槽内喷涂红黄绿青蓝5种颜色条带。
所述的岩屑采集漏斗底部的圆形的漏斗孔直径为20～30mm，岩屑采集漏斗最上端的开口为圆形喇叭口，直径为50～60cm，使用膨胀螺栓将岩屑采集漏斗固定在顶板上；岩屑采集漏斗和组成导管的首截50cm的钢管焊接为一体，均为不锈钢材质，连接处位于岩屑采集漏斗的最低端。
所述的导管由多个50cm的短钢管组成，钢管采用螺纹连接。所述的烘干装置由2个内置2000W镍铬丝的电热管组成。所述的过滤管底部和侧壁有过滤孔，过滤管的目数为80到120之间，过滤孔的直径为0.125mm～0.18mm。
一种巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测方法，其包括如下步骤：
a.凿孔前，将岩屑采集装置的采集漏斗的上开口升至钻孔下方，调整岩屑采集漏斗位置使漏斗孔正对钻孔下方，使用膨胀螺栓将岩屑采集漏斗固定在顶板的岩壁上；
b.开始凿孔工序：将单体锚杆钻机的刻度式钻杆、钻头穿过岩屑采集漏斗中央的漏斗孔进行垂直顶板凿孔，在钻进过程根据钻孔深度需要不断加长刻度式钻杆；
c.在凿孔过程中，刻度式钻杆每钻进20cm就停止凿孔，此时顶板内的岩石碎屑混合液通过岩屑采集漏斗收集起来，经导管引流入岩屑采集装置的过滤管中进行过滤，水分通过排水管排出，岩屑沉淀在过滤管中，同时设置在过滤管周边的烘干装置对过滤管中沉淀留下的岩屑进行烘干，从而得到此段顶板岩石的采样，更换岩屑采集装置中的过滤管，并将已取出的过滤管按顺序进行记录、编号，从而获得不同深度顶板凿孔的岩石采样；
d.根据凿孔深度循环b、c步骤，直到达到要求钻孔深度；
e.将收集到的过滤管按照编号顺序，依次使用强型手持式矿石分析仪对过滤管中的岩屑进行探测分析，对比凿孔深度记录可以由浅到深地确定钻孔中顶板岩层的岩性特征。
有益效果：
本方法利用专用岩屑采集装置采集锚杆钻机在顶板凿孔过程中的随钻岩屑，在巷道掘进工作面完成岩屑引流、过滤、沉淀、烘干的全部过程，结合增强型手持式矿石分析仪，即时测定出巷道顶板一定范围内的岩性成分。本方法克服了同一巷道中往往采用相同支护方式的工程难题，实现了随巷道顶板岩性成分的变化而及时调整支护方案，适用于巷道顶板岩性复杂的地质条件；在巷道掘进过程中连续探测顶板岩性成分，为支护方式和支护参数设计和调整提供科学的依据，最大限度的减少冒顶事故的发生，为煤矿工人提供安全可靠的工作环境； 本发明具有操作简单，安全可靠，施工现场使用方便的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的平面布置结构示意图；
图中：1－岩屑采集装置；2－单体锚杆钻机；3－岩屑采集漏斗；4－漏斗孔；5－导管；6－烘干装置；7－过滤管；8－排气孔；9－排水管；10－顶板；11－巷道底板。
图2为刻度式钻杆的示意图；
图3为岩屑采集漏斗的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施实例作进一步的描述：
如图1所示，本发明的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，其特征在于：它包括岩屑采集装置1、单体锚杆钻机2和增强型手持式矿石分析仪，其中单体锚杆钻机2垂直设置并向顶板10钻孔；所述的岩屑采集装置1包括装置外壳、岩屑采集漏斗3、导管5、烘干装置6、过滤管7、排气孔8和排水管9，其中烘干装置6和过滤管7分别垂直设置在装置外壳内部，所述的烘干装置6由2个内置2000W镍铬丝的电热管组成，烘干装置6设置在过滤管7周围，装置外壳上方设有与过滤管7相连接的开口，侧面设有多个排气孔8，底部设有排水管9，所述岩屑采集漏斗3下方中央设有漏斗孔4，一侧设有导管5，所述的导管5由多个50cm的短钢管组成，钢管采用螺纹连接，岩屑采集漏斗3的上开口设置在单体锚杆钻机2钻孔下方，岩屑采集漏斗3通过导管5与过滤管7相连接。所述的过滤管7底部和侧壁有过滤孔，过滤管的目数为80到120之间，过滤孔的直径为0.125mm～0.18mm。
所述的单体锚杆钻机2为液压式或气动式；如图2所示，钻杆为刻度式钻杆，沿着长度为1m的钻杆，从上至下每隔20cm加工一圈高为1cm，深为1mm的凹槽，使用反光涂料，沿钻进方向从上至下将凹槽内喷涂红黄绿青蓝5种颜色条带，其中L1的长度为100cm，L2的长度为20cm。
如图3所示，所述的岩屑采集漏斗3底部的圆形的漏斗孔4直径为20～30mm，岩屑采集漏斗3最上端的开口为圆形喇叭口，直径为50～60cm，使用膨胀螺栓将岩屑采集漏斗3固定在顶板上；岩屑采集漏斗3和组成导管5的首截50cm的钢管焊接为一体，均为不锈钢材质，连接处位于岩屑采集漏斗的最低端。
一种巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测方法，其包括如下步骤：
a.凿孔前，将岩屑采集装置1的采集漏斗3的上开口升至钻孔下方，调整岩屑采集漏斗3位置使漏斗孔4正对钻孔下方，使用膨胀螺栓将岩屑采集漏斗3固定在顶板的岩壁上；
b.开始凿孔工序：将单体锚杆钻机的刻度式钻杆、钻头穿过岩屑采集漏斗3中央的漏斗 孔4进行垂直顶板凿孔，在钻进过程根据钻孔深度需要不断加长刻度式钻杆；
c.在凿孔过程中，刻度式钻杆每钻进20cm就停止凿孔，此时顶板11内的岩石碎屑混合液通过岩屑采集漏斗3收集起来，并导管5引流入岩屑采集装置1的过滤管7中进行过滤，水分通过排水管9排出，岩屑沉淀在过滤管7中，同时设置在过滤管7周边的烘干装置6对过滤管7中沉淀留下来的岩屑进行烘干，从而得到此段顶板11岩石的采样，更换岩屑采集装置1中的过滤管7，并将已取出的过滤管7按顺序进行记录、编号，从而获得不同深度顶板1凿孔的岩石采样；
d.根据凿孔深度循环b、c步骤，直到达到要求钻孔深度；
e.将收集到的过滤管7按照编号顺序，依次使用强型手持式矿石分析仪对过滤管中的岩屑进行探测分析，对比凿孔深度记录可以由浅到深地确定钻孔中顶板岩层的岩性特征。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，其特征在于：它包括岩屑采集装置(1)、单体锚杆钻机(2)和增强型手持式矿石分析仪，其中单体锚杆钻机(2)垂直设置并向顶板(10)钻孔；所述的岩屑采集装置(1)包括装置外壳、岩屑采集漏斗(3)、导管(5)、烘干装置(6)、过滤管(7)、排气孔(8)和排水管(9)，其中烘干装置(6)和过滤管(7)分别垂直设置在装置外壳内部，烘干装置(6)在过滤管(7)周围，装置外壳上方设有与过滤管(7)相连接的开口，侧面设有多个排气孔(8)，底部设有排水管(9)，所述岩屑采集漏斗(3)下方中央设有漏斗孔(4)，一侧设有导管(5)，岩屑采集漏斗(3)的上开口设置在单体锚杆钻机(2)钻孔下方，岩屑采集漏斗(3)通过导管(5)与过滤管(7)相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，其特征在于：所述的单体锚杆钻机(2)为液压式或气动式；钻杆为刻度式钻杆，沿着长度为1m的钻杆，从上至下每隔20cm加工一圈高为1cm，深为1mm的凹槽，使用反光涂料，沿钻进方向从上至下将凹槽内喷涂红黄绿青蓝5种颜色条带。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，它的特征在于：所述的岩屑采集漏斗(3)底部的圆形的漏斗孔(4)直径为20～30mm，岩屑采集漏斗(3)最上端的开口为圆形喇叭口，直径为50～60cm，使用膨胀螺栓将岩屑采集漏斗(3)固定在顶板上；岩屑采集漏斗(3)和组成导管(5)的首截50cm的钢管焊接为一体，均为不锈钢材质，连接处位于岩屑采集漏斗的最低端。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，它的特征在于：所述的导管(5)由多个50cm的短钢管组成，钢管采用螺纹连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，它的特征在于：所述的烘干装置(6)由2个内置2000W镍铬丝的电热管组成。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测装置，它的特征在于：所述的过滤管(7)底部和侧壁有过滤孔，过滤管的目数为80到120之间，过滤孔的直径为0.125mm～0.18mm。
  7. 一种使用权利要求1所述装置的巷道顶板岩性成分的随钻探测方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    a.凿孔前，将岩屑采集装置(1)的采集漏斗(3)的上开口升至钻孔下方，调整岩屑采集漏斗(3)位置使漏斗孔(4)正对钻孔下方，使用膨胀螺栓将岩屑采集漏斗(3)固定在顶板的岩壁上；
    b.开始凿孔工序：将单体锚杆钻机的刻度式钻杆、钻头穿过岩屑采集漏斗(3)中央的漏斗孔(4)进行垂直顶板凿孔，在钻进过程根据钻孔深度需要不断加长刻度式钻杆；
    c.在凿孔过程中，刻度式钻杆每钻进20cm停止凿孔，顶板(11)内的岩石碎屑混合液通过岩屑采集漏斗(3)收集起来，经导管(5)引流入岩屑采集装置(1)的过滤管(7)中进行过滤，水分通过排水管(9)排出从而实现沉淀，同时设置在过滤管(7)周边的烘干装置(6)对过滤管(7)中沉淀留下来的岩屑进行烘干，得到此段顶板(11)岩石的采样，更换岩屑采集装置(1)中的过滤管(7)，并将已取出的过滤管(7)按顺序进行记录、编号，获得不同深度顶板(1)凿孔的岩石采样；
    d.根据凿孔深度循环b、c步骤，直到达到要求的钻孔深度；
    e.将收集到的过滤管(7)按照编号顺序，依次使用强型手持式矿石分析仪对过滤管中的岩屑进行探测分析，对比凿孔深度记录由浅到深地确定钻孔中顶板岩层的岩性特征。
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