WO2018045622A1 - 一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018045622A1
WO2018045622A1 PCT/CN2016/103465 CN2016103465W WO2018045622A1 WO 2018045622 A1 WO2018045622 A1 WO 2018045622A1 CN 2016103465 W CN2016103465 W CN 2016103465W WO 2018045622 A1 WO2018045622 A1 WO 2018045622A1
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parts
slurry
agent
powder
ratio
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French (fr)
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张友法
张青松
苏有荣
蒋小平
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东南大学
南京锎巴新材料科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B26/16—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08K3/346—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
    • C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C08K5/18—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds with aromatically bound amino groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
    • C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
    • C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
    • C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
    • C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09D175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/387—Borates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material and a preparation method thereof.
  • the waterproofing and heat preservation of existing building materials usually cannot be well balanced.
  • the general thermal insulation effect of the organic building materials is high, the water absorption rate is high, the waterproof performance is greatly reduced, and the fireproof rating is low.
  • the waterproofing effect of general organic building materials is low in strength and easy to damage, and can not meet the demand of high-strength integrated materials and long-term high-efficiency waterproof insulation for modern buildings.
  • the invention provides a micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material and a preparation method thereof, which have high efficiency waterproof, good thermal insulation performance and decorative effect, high strength, good corrosion resistance, low linear expansion coefficient and high softening temperature. Anti-oxidation, anti-aging, flame retardant and other comprehensive advantages.
  • the technical scheme of the invention is: a micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof and heat-insulation decorative integrated material, the closed-cell material prepared by grinding and controlling foaming by adding micro-powder particles, a curing agent and a compounding agent to the matrix resin, and the pores are prepared.
  • the ratio is 50 ⁇ 95%, the pore diameter is 0.1 ⁇ 3mm, and can be made by coating, spraying or casting, and the thickness is 0.1 ⁇ 1.5mm coating, 1.5 ⁇ 3mm coil, 3 ⁇ 30mm sheet or 30mm or more block, tensile strength 10MPa Above, the compressive strength is 1 to 12 MPa, the thermal conductivity is 0.02 to 0.2 W/(mK), 0.4 MPa is impervious to water for 12 h, and can be adjusted by a colorant to obtain different colors; the integrated material includes 100 parts of the matrix by mass parts. Resin, 20-120 parts of curing agent, 30-120 parts of fine powder particles; the matrix resin is an aliphatic polyether polyol.
  • the curing agent is any one of ditetramethyl diisocyanate and polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate.
  • the fine powder particles include any one or more of talc powder, fly ash, sludge powder, and building solid waste micropowder, and have a particle diameter of 10 to 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • each component in the compounding agent is: 0-2 parts of catalyst, 0-12 parts of chain extender, 3-30 parts of flame retardant, 0.1-1 part of anti-aging agent, ultraviolet absorber 0 -1 part, 0-1 part of water absorbing agent, 0-10 parts of diluent, 0.5-2 part of dispersing agent, 0-1.5 parts of antifoaming agent, 0.5-2 part of leveling agent, 0.5-2 part of anti-settling agent, hair 0-20 parts of foaming agent, 0-2 parts of emulsifier, 0-3 parts of foam stabilizer, 0-5 parts of smoke suppressant, 0-5 parts of coloring agent and 0-10 parts of plasticizer.
  • the catalyst is any one of stannous octoate, dibutyl dilaurate and triethanolamine;
  • the chain extender is 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane and 4,4' - either or both of diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane;
  • the flame retardant is antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide, 1,2-ethylene tetra ( Any one or more of 1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, borax, boric acid;
  • the antioxidant is an aromatic amine antioxidant, a hindered phenol antioxidant Any one of homopolymers of quinoline;
  • the ultraviolet absorber is phenyl o-hydroxybenzoate, 2-(2 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2,4 -dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phen
  • the method for preparing a coating based on the micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material the steps are as follows:
  • Micro-powder compounding Weigh the fully-dried micro-powder particles and directly put them into the batching pot. When mixing, put them into the mixing pot according to the ratio, mix them evenly with the planetary mixer and then put them into the batching pot;
  • Integral slurry preparation the black material is taken out from the oven, and the white material is put into the ratio according to the ratio. After the rapid stirring is evenly obtained, the integrated slurry is obtained, which is used immediately;
  • Preparation of high-strength waterproof decorative integrated coating first remove the oil stains or debris on the construction surface, smooth the obvious cracks, defects, holes and other areas on the base surface, and then apply the mixed one by brushing or spraying technology. When the slurry is not sticky, the coating is applied for the second time. After completely drying, the micro-powder-reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated coating is obtained, or after the slurry is coated for 10-30 minutes, the sand particles are obtained. Directly spread to the surface of the semi-dry slurry to obtain a high weathering waterproof decorative coating with various stone decorative effects.
  • Micro-powder compounding Weigh the fully-dried micro-powder particles and directly put them into the batching pot. When mixing, put them into the mixing pot according to the ratio, mix them evenly with the planetary mixer and then put them into the batching pot;
  • Integral slurry preparation the black material is taken out from the oven, and the white material is put into the ratio according to the ratio. After the rapid stirring is evenly obtained, the integrated slurry is obtained, which is used immediately;
  • the method for preparing a sheet material based on the micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material the steps are as follows:
  • Micro-powder compounding Weigh the fully-dried micro-powder particles and directly put them into the batching pot. When mixing, put them into the mixing pot according to the ratio, mix them evenly with the planetary mixer and then put them into the batching pot;
  • Integral slurry preparation the black material is taken out from the oven, and the white material is put into the ratio according to the ratio. After the rapid stirring is evenly obtained, the integrated slurry is obtained, which is used immediately;
  • Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene as a mold, or wrapping Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene on the surface of other material molds, or modifying the surface of metal or ceramic molds with fluorosilane, and then at ambient temperature 22- 30 ° C, relative humidity 30-60% conditions, the integrated slurry is poured into the mold, natural foaming at room temperature;
  • the solid waste micro-powder is small in size, rough in surface, and contains some hollow particles. It is not easy to precipitate in the slurry, does not blister, has good dispersibility, improves the storage stability of the slurry, and improves the waterproof decoration of the preparation. Adhesion, compactness, water repellency and scrub resistance of the integrated coating.
  • the various integrated materials prepared have good chemical stability, especially alkali resistance, anti-alkaline and anti-aging properties, and also achieve B1 flame retardant. Performance, combined with stone, concrete or metal finish materials, to achieve Class A flame retardant properties.
  • the invention adopts an osmotic polyurethane, which can fully penetrate into the fine pores of the concrete or the heat insulating material, and greatly improves the adhesion of the coating film.
  • the coating surface has a fast curing speed, smooth and fine no pores, and the decorative effect is good.
  • the pigment can be added according to requirements, the color can be adjusted at will, and it is not easy to age and discolor.
  • Solvent-free free of toxic and irritating solvents such as coal tar and xylene. It has no pollution during production and construction, and is environmentally friendly and green.
  • the formulation of the present invention has a large amount of solid waste micropowder, which greatly reduces the raw material cost of the product.
  • the raw materials of each formula can be used to be compounded on site, and the integrated material of the invention can be directly obtained, thereby avoiding the logistics and storage costs between the raw material supplier, the paint producer and the paint user.
  • the waterproof decorative integrated coating of the invention has strong sag resistance (up to 1 to 2 mm), and does not require primer and intermediate coating, and only needs 1 to 2 passes to obtain GB/. Light and thin coatings required by relevant standard indicators such as T 9755-2014 and JG/T 210-2007, some indicators are even better than the standard requirements.
  • the waterproof decorative integrated coating of the invention has good recoatability, and can be simply sprayed or brushed in an unsatisfactory position such as a peeling layer, a crack and a leak point repair, no color difference, excellent adhesion, maintenance and Low maintenance costs.
  • the integrated material formula of the present invention has a wide application range, and a variety of materials with different properties can be obtained by simple composition ratio modification, and is used for various fields such as waterproofing, heat preservation, decoration, and wall.
  • the fine powder may also be a commercial powder such as talc powder, kaolin powder, clay, or silicon micropowder without changing the composition ratio.
  • the formula of the invention can be prepared into a wall with integrated heat preservation and waterproof decoration, without multi-pass construction such as wall, waterproof, heat preservation and decoration, and can be pre-made, hoisted on site, anchored and fixed.
  • the mold frame can also be installed on site. Direct casting. It only needs to be fixed to the ground at multiple points, no need for foundation construction. Simple construction, no emissions, zero pollution, can greatly shorten the construction cycle and construction costs.
  • the preparation technology and the material preparation technology of the invention have the advantages of low cost, automatic production, good product performance and stable quality, and can also be used for waterproofing of roads, bridges, tunnels, tracks, dams, swimming pools, etc. , anti-corrosion and insulation, or used in furniture, landscape, sculpture, ship, doors and windows, electrical appliances and other fields, the application prospects are important and broad.
  • Example 1 is a waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated coating obtained in Example 1.
  • Example 2 is a view showing the effect of a sample of a different content of a curing agent in Example 1.
  • the upper part of the sample curing agent is 100 parts, and the lower sample curing agent is 50 parts.
  • an increase in the content of the curing agent results in a decrease in the flexibility of the obtained coil and an increase in hardness.
  • Example 3 is a waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated coil obtained in Example 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a steel mold for wrapping a polytetrafluoroethylene having an inner surface used in Example 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a waterproof and heat-insulating decorative integrated plate obtained in Example 3.
  • Fig. 6 is a waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated block obtained in the third embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of different amounts of water absorbing agent in Example 5.
  • Tests have shown that the addition of a water absorbing agent can significantly reduce the amount of bubbles in the material.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of different amounts of diluent in Example 6.
  • the addition of the diluent can significantly reduce the amount of foaming.
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of different levels of dispersant in Example 6. Blocks obtained by adding different amounts of antifoaming agent: (a) 0 parts dispersing agent; (b) 1 part dispersing agent; (c) 2 parts dispersing agent. As can be seen from the figure, with the dispersant content in the formulation Increasing, the surface of the material exhibits a decreasing roughness.
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of different amounts of antifoaming agent in Example 5.
  • the content of defoaming agent is 0.05.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of different levels of leveling agents in Example 6.
  • the surface of the material exhibits a gradually decreasing roughness.
  • Figure 14 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of different amounts of anti-settling agents in Example 6. (a) 0 parts of anti-settling agent; (b) 2 parts of anti-settling agent. As can be seen from the figure, the addition of anti-settling agent can significantly reduce the sag phenomenon.
  • Fig. 15 is a graph showing the test effect of the addition of a plasticizer in Example 6. As can be seen from the figure, the addition of a plasticizer web shows good flexibility.
  • Micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material and preparation method thereof wherein the thermal insulation decorative integrated material is based on matrix resin, compound micropowder, mixing modifier, auxiliary agent and curing agent, and auxiliary agent.
  • the black material and the white material are prepared according to the ratio, and then mixed into a unitary slurry by high-speed mechanical stirring.
  • the prepared integrated material slurry is applied to the surface of the clean and flat substrate by brushing or spraying, and then sprayed, rolled or brushed. After the touch is not sticky after 1-2 hours, the second coating is performed. After completely drying, the micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof decorative integrated coating can be obtained.
  • the sand granules can be directly sprayed onto the surface of the semi-dry slurry to obtain various types of stones.
  • High weathering waterproof decorative coating with decorative effect Using Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene as a mold, or wrapping Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene on the surface of other material molds, the surface of the metal or ceramic mold can be modified with fluorosilane, and then the integrated slurry is sprayed. Brushed or poured in the mold, under the pressure of 0.5-1MPa, foaming at room temperature for 1-2h; after foaming and solidification, directly unwinding and winding, the waterproof and thermal insulation integrated coil can be obtained.
  • the sand stone particles are directly thrown onto the surface of the semi-dry slurry, and after solidification, the mold is released, and the high-strength waterproof heat-insulation decorative integrated plate or block with various decorative effects can be obtained.
  • the base resin is 100 parts
  • the curing agent is 20-120 parts
  • the fine powder is 30-120 parts
  • the content of each component in the compounding agent is: catalyst 0-2 parts, chain extender 0-12 parts, flame retardant 3-30 parts of the agent, 0.1-1 part of the antioxidant, 0-1 part of the ultraviolet absorber, 0-1 part of the water absorbing agent, 0-10 parts of the diluent, 0.5-2 parts of the dispersing agent, 0-1.5 parts of the antifoaming agent, Leveling agent 0.5-2 parts, anti-settling agent 0.5-2 parts, foaming agent 0-20 parts, emulsifier 0-2 parts, foam stabilizer 0-3 parts, smoke suppressant 0-5 parts, coloring agent 0 - 5 parts and plasticizer 0-10 parts.
  • the matrix resin is an aliphatic polyether polyol, and the curing agent is any one of ditetramethyl diisocyanate and polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate;
  • the fine powder particles may be talc powder, fly ash, sludge Any one or more of a mixture of low-value powders such as powder and building solid waste powder, having a particle diameter of 10 to 100 ⁇ m or less;
  • the compounding agent includes a catalyst, a chain extender, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, and an ultraviolet absorber. , water absorbing agent, diluent, dispersing agent, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, anti-settling agent, foaming agent, emulsifier, foam stabilizer, smoke suppressant, colorant and plasticizer.
  • the catalyst is any one of stannous octoate, dibutyl dilaurate and triethanolamine;
  • the chain extender is 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane and 4,4' - either or both of diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane a mixture;
  • the flame retardant is antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide, 1,2-ethylene tetrakis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, borax, boric acid Any one or more of the mixture;
  • the antioxidant is any one of an aromatic amine antioxidant, a hindered phenol antioxidant, and a quinoline homopolymer;
  • the ultraviolet absorber is o-hydroxybenzene Phenyl formate, 2-(2 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)
  • the method for preparing the waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material comprises the following steps:
  • Micro-powder compounding Weigh the sludge powder, talcum powder, fly ash or solid waste powder granules after sufficient drying, directly into the batching pot, and put it into the mixing pot according to the ratio when compounding, using the planetary mixer After mixing for 10-30 minutes, put it into the ingredient pot;
  • Preparation of high-strength waterproof decorative integrated coating firstly remove the oil stains or debris on the construction surface, smooth the obvious cracks, defects, holes and other areas on the base surface, and then apply the mixed one by brushing or spraying technology. After the 1-2h, the touch is not sticky, the second coating is applied, and after complete drying, the micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof decorative integrated coating can be obtained, or after the slurry is coated for 10-30 minutes. The sand stone particles are directly thrown onto the surface of the semi-dry slurry to obtain a high weathering waterproof decorative integrated coating with various stone decorative effects.
  • the invention relates to a micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material, characterized in that the waterproof and thermal insulation integrated coil is prepared by the following steps:
  • Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene as a mold, or wrapping Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene on the surface of other material molds, or modifying the surface of metal or ceramic molds with fluorosilane, and then integrating the slurry.
  • the material is poured in the mold, under the pressure condition of 0.5-1MPa, foaming at room temperature for 1-2h;
  • the invention relates to a micro-powder reinforced polyurethane-based high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated material, characterized in that the high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated plate is prepared by the following steps:
  • Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene as a mold, or wrapping Teflon or low-pressure polyethylene on the surface of other material molds, or modifying the surface of metal or ceramic molds with fluorosilane, and then at ambient temperature 22 -30 ° C, relative humidity of 30-60%, the integrated slurry is poured into the mold, natural foaming at room temperature;
  • Compound fine powder obtained by mixing 100 mesh sludge powder and 200 mesh fly ash according to 1:1, borax, boric acid, 4,4' a pair of a, a ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl diphenylamine, 2-hydroxy-4 - n-octyloxybenzophenone, gas phase white carbon black was placed in a blast oven at 80 ° C for 12 h, and then weighed 100 parts of matrix resin, 100 parts of compounded micropowder, 3 parts of borax, 2 parts of boric acid, 2 4,4' a pair of a, a ⁇ -dimethylbenzyldiphenylamine, 1 part of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, and 2 parts of fumed silica were poured into the batching pot.
  • the above mixture was thoroughly stirred into a uniformly viscous gray paste using a mechanical stirrer. Again Weigh out the gray slurry and add 0.6 parts of BYK-A555, 3 parts of BYK-358, 1.5 parts of BYK-161, and 5 parts of 1,4-butanediol. Stir well and then use the three-roll mill to remove the above gray. The slurry was ground, and the particle size of the slurry after polishing was 50 ⁇ m or less, and the ground slurry was stirred again using a mechanical stirrer to obtain a uniform black material.
  • the obtained black material was placed in an oven at 80 ° C for 24 hours, and 200 parts of the black material after the heat treatment was weighed and poured into another batching pot, and stirred at a low speed until it was completely uniform. Then, 5 parts of dibutyl phthalate and 100 parts of polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate curing agent are mixed and stirred to obtain a white material, which is put into the above-mentioned batching pot and stirred at high speed for 2 minutes to uniformly mix the black material and the white material in the ingredient pot. That is, an integrated slurry is obtained.
  • a high-strength waterproof thermal insulation decorative integrated coating can be obtained (Fig. 1).
  • the colored (orange-red) oily fluorocarbon resin is applied to the surface of the coating to obtain a decorative surface with vivid colors.
  • the partial performance test results of the decorative surface of the integrated material prepared by this example are shown in the following table.
  • a flexible coating was obtained by changing 100 parts of the above polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate curing agent to 50 parts, and a comparison effect with 100 parts of the curing agent is shown in FIG.
  • 100 mesh sludge powder, antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide, homopolymer of 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2 -Based on -4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol, bentonite was placed in a blast oven at 80 ° C for 24 h, and then weighed 100 parts of matrix resin, 80 parts by weight Mud powder, 2 parts of antimony trioxide, 2 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of homopolymer of 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, 1 part of 2-(2H-benzo Triazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol, 1 part bentonite, poured into a batching pot.
  • the above mixture was thoroughly stirred using a mechanical stirrer into a uniformly viscous gray paste. Then weighed into the ash and added 0.5 parts of BYK-066N, 3 parts of BYK-358, 1 part of BYK-ATU, 6 parts of trimethylolpropane, 4 parts of cuprous oxide, and after stirring evenly, use three rolls.
  • the grinder grinds the gray paste, and the particle size of the milled slurry is below 50 ⁇ m.
  • the milled slurry is again stirred by a mechanical stirrer to obtain a uniform black material, and the black material is placed in an oven at 80 ° C. 24h.
  • the milled slurry was again stirred using a mechanical stirrer to obtain a uniform black material, and the black material was allowed to stand in an oven at 80 ° C for 24 hours.
  • the black material and the white material are mixed, stirred at high speed for 2 min, and the uniformly mixed slurry is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold (Fig.
  • the waterproof and heat-insulated decorative integrated sheet can be obtained ( Figure 5) or block (figure 6), before the slurry is poured, the sand is placed on the bottom of the mold, or after the slurry is poured for 10-30 minutes, the sand particles are directly thrown onto the surface of the semi-dry slurry, and after solidification, the mold is released, and various types can be obtained.
  • a high-strength waterproof decorative panel with decorative effects (Figure 7-8). According to the relevant standards, the partial performance test results of the integrated sheet prepared by this example are shown in the following table.
  • the above mixture was thoroughly stirred into a uniformly viscous slurry using a mechanical stirrer. Further weighed into the above slurry and added 3 parts of BYK-358, 1.5 parts of BYK-161, and 5 parts of 1,4-butanediol, and stirred the ground slurry again with a mechanical stirrer to obtain a uniform light. Yellow paste, weighed 200 parts Pour evenly light yellow material into another batching pot and stir at low speed until it is completely uniform.
  • 100 mesh sludge powder, boric acid, borax, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol, 4,4' A pair of a, a ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl diphenylamine, gas phase white carbon black was placed in a blast oven at 80 ° C for 24 h, and then weighed 100 parts of matrix resin, 80 parts of sludge powder, 2 parts of boric acid, 1 part borax, 1 part 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol, 1 part 4,4' double a, A ⁇ -dimethylbenzyldiphenylamine, 2 parts of fumed silica, poured into the batching pot.
  • the above mixture was thoroughly stirred using a mechanical stirrer into a uniformly viscous gray paste. Then weighed into the ash and weighed 3 parts of BYK-358 and 1 part of BYK-ATU, and grind the above-mentioned gray slurry with a three-roll mill. The particle size of the pulverized slurry was below 50 ⁇ m.
  • the milled slurry was stirred using a mechanical stirrer to obtain a uniform black material, and the black material was placed in an oven at 80 ° C for 24 hours. Weigh 200 parts of black material after heat treatment and pour it into another batching pot and stir at low speed until it is completely uniform.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法。该材料是以聚氨酯为基体树脂，通过添加大量微粉颗粒和多种配合剂，研磨并控制发泡，制备而成的闭孔材料。通过刷涂、喷涂或浇注可做成涂层、卷材或板、块材。通过着色剂的调整，可将其做成红、黄、蓝、黑、白等颜色。这种材料具有高效防水、保温性能与装饰效果俱佳、强度高、耐腐蚀性好、阻燃等综合优点。作为涂层与基底结合牢、表面光洁；作为卷材，具有很好的柔韧性，可用于新建或既有房屋、隧道、地下设施等的防水保温；作为板材，可将沙石颗粒粘结至半干的浆料表面而获得各类石纹装饰效果的建筑用板材。该材料成本极低，具有很好的市场前景。

Description

一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，房地产得到了蓬勃发展，随着人们对建筑节能、安全、环保的要求的提高，建筑防水保温材料的研发成为建筑行业的一个重要课题。我国是建筑能耗大国，单位面积采暖能耗相当于气候条件相近国家的2～3倍，建筑能耗已占社会总能耗的1/3，建筑节能任重道远；此外，现代化建筑对防水的要求也越来越高，如何从源头上解决建筑的防水问题也是现代化建筑所关注的焦点。综观国内外现有防水保温材料，主要存在以下问题：
(1)现有的建筑材料的防水与保温通常不能很好兼顾，保温效果好的一般有机建材的孔隙率高，吸水率较高，其防水性能大打折扣，且防火等级低。防水效果好的一般有机建材的强度偏低，容易损坏，无法满足现代建筑对一体化材料高强以及长期高效防水保温的需求。
(2)现有的防水层施工时，所需材料种类繁多，且需多次施工，工艺复杂。另外，多数防水层的造价高昂，成本约80-110元/㎡。
(3)现有的保温材料采用无机材料时，在使用过程中表现出吸水率高，易开裂，易渗水，保温防水效果差的缺陷。
(4)目前的EPS板、XPS板、PU硬质泡沫等有机保温材料占据了我国外墙保温市场的80％以上。虽然该类有机保温材料具有导热系数小、保温性能好的特点，但是其防火性能差，无法满足较高的防火标准。
(5)由于施工过程的一体化程度不高，建筑外墙窗台、立柱、横梁等处经常出现不同程度裂缝，在养护和使用过程中，这些裂缝会扩展深化，进而导致保温防水***的破坏。而这正是现有建筑外墙设计、施工的一个难点。
因此，高效、节能、绿色、安全、低成本的防水保温装饰一体化材料具有很好的行业竞争力和市场前景。
发明内容
本发明提供一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法，具有高效防水、保温性能与装饰效果俱佳、强度高、耐腐蚀性好、线膨胀系数低、软化温度高、抗氧化、耐老化、阻燃等综合优点。
本发明的技术方案为：一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，以基体树脂通过添加微粉颗粒、固化剂和配合剂，研磨并控制发泡，制备而成的闭孔材料，孔隙率50～95％，孔径0.1～3mm，能够通过刷涂、喷涂或浇注，做成厚度0.1～1.5mm涂层、1.5～3mm卷材、3～30mm板材或30mm以上块材，抗拉强度10MPa以上，抗压强度1～12MPa，导热系数0.02～0.2W/(m.K)，0.4MPa不透水12h，能够通过着色剂调整得到不同颜色；所述的一体化材料以质量份计包括100份的基体树脂、20-120份的固化剂、30-120份的微粉颗粒；所述的基体树脂为脂肪族聚醚多元醇。
所述的固化剂为二四甲苯二异氰酸酯、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯中的任一种。
所述的微粉颗粒包括滑石粉、粉煤灰、污泥粉、建筑固废微粉中的任一种或多种混合物，粒径在10-100μm以下。
以质量份计，所述的配合剂中各组分含量为：催化剂0-2份，扩链剂0-12份，阻燃剂3-30份，防老剂0.1-1份，紫外吸收剂0-1份，吸水剂0-1份，稀释剂0-10份，分散剂0.5-2份，消泡剂0-1.5份，流平剂0.5-2份，防沉剂0.5-2份，发泡剂0-20份，乳化剂0-2份，泡沫稳定剂0-3份，抑烟剂0-5份，着色剂0-5份和增塑剂0-10份。
所述的催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二丁基二月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺中的任意一种；所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯基甲烷中的任意一种或两种混合物；所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、1,2-亚乙基四(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、硼砂、硼酸中的任意一种或多种混合物；所述的防老剂为芳香胺类抗氧化剂、受阻酚类抗氧化剂、喹啉的均聚物中的任意一种；所述的紫外吸收剂为邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯、2-(2ˊ-羟基-5ˊ-甲基苯基)苯并三氮唑、2，4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、单苯甲酸间苯二酚酯中的任意一种；所述的吸水剂为氧化钙、氢氧化钠、无水氯化钙、硅酸铝钠、对甲基苯磺酰异氰酸酯中的任意一种或多种混合物；所述的稀释剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙酸丁酯、二甲苯中的任意一种；所述的分散剂为BYK系列分散剂中的任意一种；所述的消泡剂为聚硅氧烷溶液、改性聚硅氧烷溶液以及含疏水粒子的聚硅氧烷类中的任意一种；所述的流平剂为异佛尔酮、BYK-358、二丙酮醇、Solvesso150中的任意一种；所述的防 沉剂为聚酰胺蜡、气相白炭黑、膨润土、氢化蓖麻油中的任意一种；所述的发泡剂为去离子水、环戊烷、二氯甲烷、一氟三氯甲烷、二氟二氯甲烷中的任意一种；所述的乳化剂为二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温80、油酸聚氧乙烯酯、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚中的任意一种；所述的泡沫稳定剂为磺化的蓖麻醇钠盐、甲基硅油201中的任意一种；所述的抑烟剂为氧化亚铜、氢氧化铝、氧化锑中的一种或多种、或与卤化物的复合物；所述的着色剂为无机颜料或有机颜料；所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯、苯甲酸二醇酯以及己二酸二辛酯中的任意一种。
基于所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料的涂层制备方法，步骤为：
(1)原料干燥：将各原料烘干；
(2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的微粉颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合均匀后再投入配料锅；
(3)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入黑料所需配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
(4)白料配制：将白料各组分按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后，倒入容器；
(5)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌均匀后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
(6)高强防水装饰一体化涂层制备：首先清除施工表面的油污或碎片，修平基面存在的明显的裂缝、缺陷、孔洞等区域，然后通过刷涂或喷涂技术，涂布混合好的一体化浆料，指触不粘时，进行第二遍涂布，完全干燥后即获得微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化涂层，或者在浆料涂布10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，以获得各类石纹装饰效果的高耐候防水装饰一体化涂层。
基于所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料的卷材的制备方法，步骤制备：
(1)原料干燥：将各原料烘干；
(2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的微粉颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合均匀后再投入配料锅；
(3)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入黑 料所需配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
(4)白料配制：将白料各组分按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后，倒入容器；
(5)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌均匀后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
(6)以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，或将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后将一体化浆料浇筑于模具内，0.5-1MPa压力条件下，常温发泡1-2h；
(7)发泡固化完毕，直接脱模绕卷，即获得防水保温一体化卷材。
基于所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料的板材制备方法，步骤为：
(1)原料干燥：将各原料烘干；
(2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的微粉颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合均匀后再投入配料锅；
(3)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入黑料所需配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
(4)白料配制：将白料各组分按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后，倒入容器；
(5)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌均匀后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
(6)以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，或者将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后在环境温度22-30℃，相对湿度30-60％条件下，将一体化浆料浇筑于模具内，常温自然发泡；
(7)浆料浇筑10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，固化后脱模，即获得各类装饰效果的高强防水保温装饰一体化板材。
有益效果：
(1)以粉煤灰、污泥粉等固体废弃物微粉为填料，不但实现了固废利用，变废为宝， 保护环境，同时还显著改善了外墙涂料及其涂层的性能。
(2)固废微粉尺寸细小，表面粗糙，还含有部分中空颗粒，在浆料中不易沉淀，不起泡，分散性好，提高了浆料的储存稳定性，也提高了其制备的防水装饰一体化涂层的附着力、致密性、防水性、耐洗刷性。同时，由于微粉中SiO2和Al2O3含量高，使得制备的各种一体化材料化学稳定性好，尤其是耐碱性、抗泛碱性和耐老化特性，还达到了B1级阻燃性能，与石质、混凝土质或金属质饰面材料结合，可达A级阻燃性能。
(3)本发明选用渗透型聚氨酯，可充分渗入混凝土或保温材料的细小孔隙，极大地提高了涂膜的附着力。
(4)涂层表面固化速度快，光滑细腻无气孔，装饰效果好。可根据要求加入相应颜料，随意调整颜色，且不易老化变色。
(5)无溶剂，不含煤焦油、二甲苯等有毒和刺激性溶剂，生产和施工时无任何污染，环保绿色。
(6)本发明所述的配方，固废微粉加入量大，极大地降低了产品的原料成本。施工时，可用各配方原料，在现场复配，直接获得本发明所述的一体化材料，避免了原料供货方、涂料生产方和涂料使用方之间的物流和仓储成本。
(7)本发明所述的防水装饰一体化涂料，抗流挂性强(可达1～2mm)，无需底涂和中涂，只需1～2道次涂覆，即可获得达到GB/T 9755-2014和JG/T 210-2007等相关标准指标要求的轻薄涂层，部分指标甚至明显优于标准要求。另外，本发明所述的防水装饰一体化涂料重涂性好，在不满意位置如脱落层、裂缝和漏点修复时，简单喷涂或刷涂即可，无颜色差异，附着力优异，维护和维修成本低。
(8)在一体化浆料半干时，抛洒沙石颗粒，能根据需要获得各类石纹装饰效果，且沙石颗粒附着力强，显著提升了材料的耐候性。
(9)多种助剂的加入，明显改善了浆料的分散性、均匀性、流平性、流挂性等，可准确控制浆料的固化时间、发泡量、孔隙尺寸等，获得的一体化材料的相关性能也更好，如防水性、保温性、阻燃性、装饰性和强度。
(10)本发明所述的一体化材料配方适用范围广，通过简单的成份配比更改，可获得多种不同性能的材料，用于防水、保温、装饰、墙体等多个领域。在不改变成份配比的情况下，微粉还可以采用滑石粉、高岭土粉、陶土、硅微粉等商业化粉料。
(11)本发明所述的配方，可制备成保温防水装饰一体化的墙体，无需墙体、防水、保温、装饰等多道次施工，可预先制板，现场吊装，榫锚结合固定，也可现场安装模框， 直接浇注成型。只需多点固定于地面，无需地基施工。施工简便，无排放、零污染，可极大地缩短施工周期和建筑成本。
(12)本发明所述的配方和材料制备技术，成本低廉，可自动化生产，产品性能好，质量稳定，还可用于公路、桥梁、隧道、轨道、大坝、泳池等的防水，化工装置防火、防腐和保温，或者用于家具、景观、雕塑、船舶、门窗、电器等多个领域，应用前景重要且广阔。
附图说明：
图1为实施例1中获得的防水保温装饰一体化涂层。
图2为实施例1中不同含量固化剂的试样效果图。图上部试样固化剂100份，下部试样固化剂50份。从图上可以看出，固化剂的含量增加会导致得到的卷材柔性降低，硬度提高。
图3为实施例2中获得的防水保温装饰一体化卷材。
图4为实施例3中所用的内表面包裹聚四氟乙烯的钢制模具。
图5为实施例3中获得的防水保温装饰一体化板材。
图6为实施例3中获得的防水保温装饰一体化块材。
图7、8为实施例3中获得的具有沙石装饰效果的高强防水保温装饰一体化板材。
图9为实施例5添加不同含量吸水剂的试验效果图。(a)1份吸水剂；(b)0份吸水剂。试验说明吸水剂的加入可显著减少材料中的气泡含量。
图10为实施例6添加不同含量稀释剂的试验效果图。(a)10份乙酸丁酯；(b)10份二甲苯；(c)0份稀释剂。从图上可以看出，稀释剂的加入可以明显降低发泡量。
图11为实施例6添加不同含量分散剂的试验效果图。添加不同含量消泡剂得到的块样：(a)0份分散剂；(b)1份分散剂；(c)2份分散剂.从图上可以看出，随着配方中分散剂含量的增加，材料的表面呈现出逐渐减小的粗糙度。
图12为实施例5添加不同含量消泡剂的试验效果图。(a)0.05份消泡剂；(b)0.1份消泡剂；(c)0.2份消泡剂；(d)0.5份消泡剂.从图上可以看出，消泡剂的含量在0.05-0.2份之间增加时，气泡量逐渐减少。
图13为实施例6添加不同含量流平剂的试验效果图。(a)0份流平剂；(b)0.5份流平剂；(c)1份流平剂；(d)1.5份流平剂；(e)2份流平剂。从图上可以看出，随着配方中流平剂含量的增加，材料的表面呈现出逐渐减小的粗糙度。
图14为实施例6添加不同含量防沉剂的试验效果图。(a)0份防沉剂；(b)2份防沉剂。从图上可以看出，防沉剂的加入可显著减弱流挂现象。
图15为实施例6添加增塑剂的试验效果图。从图上可以看出，添加增塑剂的卷材显示良好的柔性。
具体实施方式：
一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料及其制备方法，所述保温装饰一体化材料是以基体树脂、复配微粉、混合改性剂、助剂和固化剂以及助剂为原料，按照配比配制黑料及白料，再经高速机械搅拌混合成一体化浆料。通过刷涂或喷涂技术再采用喷涂、滚涂或刷涂等方法将制备的一体化材浆料涂布于清洁平整的基体表面，1-2h后指触不粘时，进行第二遍涂布，完全干燥后即可获得微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水装饰一体化涂层，也可在浆料涂布10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，可获得各类石纹装饰效果的高耐候防水装饰一体化涂层。以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，也可将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后将一体化浆料喷涂、涂刷或浇筑于模具内，0.5-1MPa压力条件下，常温发泡1-2h；发泡固化完毕，直接脱模绕卷，即可获得防水保温一体化卷材。或者在浆料浇筑10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，固化后脱模，即可获得各类装饰效果的高强防水保温装饰一体化板材或块材。
所述浆料中，基体树脂为100份，固化剂20-120份，微粉30-120份，配合剂中各组分含量为：催化剂0-2份，扩链剂0-12份，阻燃剂3-30份，防老剂0.1-1份，紫外吸收剂0-1份，吸水剂0-1份，稀释剂0-10份，分散剂0.5-2份，消泡剂0-1.5份，流平剂0.5-2份，防沉剂0.5-2份，发泡剂0-20份，乳化剂0-2份，泡沫稳定剂0-3份，抑烟剂0-5份，着色剂0-5份和增塑剂0-10份。
所述的基体树脂为脂肪族聚醚多元醇，固化剂为二四甲苯二异氰酸酯、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯中的任一种；所述的微粉颗粒可以是滑石粉、粉煤灰、污泥粉、建筑固废微粉等低值粉料中的任一种或多种混合物，粒径10-100μm以下；所述的配合剂包括催化剂、扩链剂、阻燃剂、防老剂、紫外吸收剂、吸水剂、稀释剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂、防沉剂、发泡剂、乳化剂、泡沫稳定剂、抑烟剂、着色剂和增塑剂。
所述的催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二丁基二月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺中的任意一种；所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯基甲烷中的任意一种或两种 混合物；所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、1,2-亚乙基四(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、硼砂、硼酸中的任意一种或多种混合物；所述的防老剂为芳香胺类抗氧化剂、受阻酚类抗氧化剂、喹啉的均聚物中的任意一种；所述的紫外吸收剂为邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯、2-(2ˊ-羟基-5ˊ-甲基苯基)苯并三氮唑、2，4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、单苯甲酸间苯二酚酯中的任意一种；所述的吸水剂为氧化钙、氢氧化钠、无水氯化钙、硅酸铝钠、对甲基苯磺酰异氰酸酯中的任意一种或多种混合物；所述的稀释剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙酸丁酯、二甲苯中的任意一种；所述的分散剂为BYK-161、BYK-ATU等BYK系列分散剂中的任意一种；所述的消泡剂为聚硅氧烷溶液、改性聚硅氧烷溶液以及含疏水粒子的聚硅氧烷等有机硅类，具体为BYK-A500、BYK-066N、BYK-A555、BYK-070中的任意一种；所述的流平剂为异佛尔酮、BYK-358、二丙酮醇、Solvesso150中的任意一种；所述的防沉剂为聚酰胺蜡、气相白炭黑、膨润土、氢化蓖麻油中的任意一种；所述的发泡剂为去离子水、环戊烷、二氯甲烷、一氟三氯甲烷、二氟二氯甲烷中的任意一种；所述的乳化剂为二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温80、油酸聚氧乙烯酯、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚中的任意一种；所述的泡沫稳定剂为磺化的蓖麻醇钠盐、甲基硅油201中的任意一种；所述的抑烟剂为氧化亚铜、氢氧化铝、氧化锑中的一种或多种以及其与卤化物的复合物；所述的着色剂为常见的无机颜料或有机颜料，具体为钛白粉(二氧化钛)、锌粉(氧化锌)、镉红、三氧化二铁、炭黑等；所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯、苯甲酸二醇酯以及己二酸二辛酯中的任意一种。
制备所述的防水保温装饰一体化材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料干燥：将基体树脂及各类配合剂放入80-120℃烘箱中12-36h；
(2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的污泥粉、滑石粉、粉煤灰或固废粉末颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合10-30min后再投入配料锅；
(3)粉料配合剂预配：将阻燃剂、防老剂、紫外吸收剂按配比依次称重，投入装有微粉的配料锅，低速搅拌直至粉料完全混合均匀；
(4)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入其余配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
(5)白料配制：将固化剂和增塑剂按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后， 倒入容器；
(6)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌2-5min后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
(7)高强防水装饰一体化涂层制备：首先清除施工表面的油污或碎片，修平基面存在的明显的裂缝、缺陷、孔洞等区域，然后通过刷涂或喷涂技术，涂布混合好的一体化浆料，1-2h后指触不粘时，进行第二遍涂布，完全干燥后即可获得微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水装饰一体化涂层，也可在浆料涂布10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，可获得各类石纹装饰效果的高耐候防水装饰一体化涂层。
所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于防水保温一体化卷材通过以下步骤制备：
(1)采用前述的步骤(1)-(6)配制一体化浆料；
(2)以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，也可将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后将一体化浆料浇筑于模具内，0.5-1MPa压力条件下，常温发泡1-2h；
(3)发泡固化完毕，直接脱模绕卷，即可获得防水保温一体化卷材。
所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于高强防水保温装饰一体化板材通过以下步骤制备：
(1)采用前述的步骤(1)-(6)配制一体化浆料；
(2)以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，也可将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后在环境温度22-30℃，相对湿度30-60％条件下，将一体化浆料浇筑于模具内，常温自然发泡；
(3)浆料浇筑10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，固化后脱模，即可获得各类装饰效果的高强防水保温装饰一体化板材。
实施例1
将100目污泥粉和200目粉煤灰按1：1混合得到的复配微粉、硼砂、硼酸、4，4’一双a,a`-二甲基苄基二苯胺、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、气相白炭黑放入80℃鼓风烘箱干燥处理12h后，按重称取100份基体树脂、100份复配微粉、3份硼砂、2份硼酸、2份4，4’一双a,a`-二甲基苄基二苯胺、1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、2份气相白炭黑倒入配料锅。将上述混合料使用机械搅拌器充分搅拌成均匀粘稠的灰色浆料。再向上 述灰色浆料中按配比称取并加入0.6份BYK-A555、3份BYK-358、1.5份BYK-161、5份1,4-丁二醇，搅拌均匀后使用三辊研磨机将上述灰色浆料进行研磨，研磨后的的浆料的颗粒大小在50μm以下，再次使用机械搅拌器搅拌研磨后的浆料，即得到均匀黑料。将得到的黑料放入80℃烘箱24h，称取热处理后的200份黑料倒入另一个配料锅，低速搅拌直至完全均匀。然后将5份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和100份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂混合搅拌均匀获得白料，投入上述配料锅，高速搅拌2min，使配料锅内的黑料和白料混合均匀，即得到一体化浆料。最后将一体化浆料刷涂或喷涂在光洁的304不锈钢板上，2h后涂刷第二道，24h后即可获得高强防水保温装饰一体化涂层(图1)。再向该涂层表面刷涂着色(橘红色)的油性氟碳树脂，即可得到具有鲜艳色彩的装饰面。根据相关标准，该实例制备的一体化材料的装饰面的部分性能测试结果如下表所示。将上述100份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂改为50份即可得到柔性涂层，其与100份固化剂的对比效果图如图2所示。
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000002
实施例2
将100目污泥粉、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的均聚物、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、膨润土放入80℃鼓风烘箱进行干燥处理24h后，按重称取100份基体树脂、80份污泥粉、2份三氧化二锑、2份氢氧化铝、2份1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的均聚物、1份2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、1份膨润土，倒入配料锅。使用机械搅拌器将上述混合料充分搅拌成均匀粘稠的灰色浆料。再向灰料中按配比称取并加入0.5份BYK-066N、3份BYK-358、1份BYK-ATU、6份三羟甲基丙烷、4份氧化亚铜，搅拌均匀后，使用三辊研磨机将上述灰色浆料进行研磨，研磨后的的浆料的颗粒大小在50μm以下，再次使用机械搅拌器搅拌研磨后的浆料，即得到均匀黑料，将黑料在80℃烘箱中放置24h。称取热处理后的200份黑料倒入另一个配料锅，低速搅拌直至完全均匀。然后将10份邻苯二甲酸酯和50份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂混合搅拌均匀获得白料，投入上述配料锅，高速搅拌2min，使配料锅内的黑料和白料混合均匀，即得到一体化浆料。最后将一体化浆料涂覆于瓷砖表面，24h后，脱模卷绕即可获得高强防水装饰一体化卷材(图3)。根据相关标准，该实例制备的一体化卷材的部分性能测试结果如下表所示。
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000005
实施例3
将100目污泥粉、100目滑石粉按照2：1混合得到的复配微粉、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、甲基膦酸二甲酯、1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的均聚物、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、气相白炭黑放入鼓风烘箱进行干燥处理后，按重称取100份基体树脂、80份复配微粉、2份三氧化二锑、2份氢氧化铝、2份1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的均聚物、1份2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、1份气相白炭黑倒入配料锅。使用机械搅拌器将上述混合料充分搅拌成均匀粘稠的灰色浆料。再向灰料中按配比称取并加入3份BYK-358、1.5份BYK-161、5份1,4-丁二醇、4份氧化亚铜，搅拌均匀后，使用三辊研磨机将上述灰色浆料进行研磨，研磨后的浆料的颗粒大小在50μm以下，再次使用机械搅拌器搅拌研磨后的浆料，即得到均匀黑料，将黑料在80℃烘箱中放置24h。称取200份热处理后的黑料倒入另一个配料锅，低速搅拌直至完全均匀。将10份邻苯二甲酸酯和100份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂混合搅拌均匀获得白料。最后将黑料和白料混合，高速搅拌2min，将混合均匀的浆料浇注于聚四氟乙烯模具(图4)内，常温自然发泡；24h后，即可获得防水保温装饰一体化板材(图5)或块材(图 6)，在浆料浇筑前将沙石铺在模具底部，或者在浆料浇筑10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，固化后脱模，即可获得各类装饰效果的高强防水装饰一体化板材(图7-8)。根据相关标准，该实例制备的一体化板材的部分性能测试结果如下表所示。
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016103465-appb-000007
实施例4
将100目污泥粉、100目滑石粉按照2：1混合得到的复配微粉、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、甲基膦酸二甲酯、1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的均聚物、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、气相白炭黑放入鼓风烘箱进行干燥处理后，按重称取100份基体树脂、80份复配微粉、2份三氧化二锑、2份氢氧化铝、2份1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的均聚物、1份2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、1份气相白炭黑倒入配料锅。使用机械搅拌器将上述混合料充分搅拌成均匀粘稠的灰色浆料。再向灰料中按配比称取并加入10份二氯乙烷、3份BYK-358、1.5份BYK-161、5份1,4-丁二醇、1份甲基硅油201、4份氧化亚铜、1份吐温80，搅拌均匀后，使用三辊研磨机将上述灰色浆料进行研磨，研磨后的浆料的颗粒大小在50μm以下，再次使用机械搅拌器搅拌研磨后的浆料，即得到均匀黑料，将黑料在80℃烘箱中放置24h。称取200份热处理后的黑料倒入另一个配料锅，低速搅拌直至完全均匀。将10份邻苯二甲酸酯和100份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂混合搅拌均匀获得白料。最后将黑料和白料混合，高速搅拌2min，将混合均匀的浆料浇注于聚四氟乙烯模具(图4)内，常温自然发泡；24h后，即可获得高效保温的防水保温一体化板材。
实施例5
将硼酸、硼砂、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、4，4’一双a,a`-二甲基苄基二苯胺放入80℃鼓风烘箱进行干燥处理24h后，按重称取100份基体树脂、1份硼砂、2份硼酸、1份4，4’一双a,a`-二甲基苄基二苯胺、1份2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚倒入配料锅。将上述混合料使用机械搅拌器充分搅拌成均匀粘稠的浆料。再向上述浆料中按配比称取并加入3份BYK-358、1.5份BYK-161、5份1,4-丁二醇，再次使用机械搅拌器搅拌研磨后的浆料，即得到均匀淡黄色浆料，称取200份 均匀淡黄色料倒入另一个配料锅，低速搅拌直至完全均匀。然后将5份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和100份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂混合搅拌均匀获得白料，投入上述配料锅，高速搅拌2min，使配料锅内的两个组分混合均匀，即得到一体化浆料。最后将一体化浆料浇注在100mL的塑料培养皿中，在室温下完全熟化即得到如图9(a)所示的效果图。
(1)在其他条件不变的情况下，向淡黄色浆料中加入1份吸水剂即可得到如图9(b)所示的效果图；
(2)在其他条件不变的情况下，将“加入3份BYK-358、1.5份BYK-161”分别改为“加入0.5份BYK-A555”、“加入0.1份BYK-A555”、“加入0.2份BYK-A555”、“加入0.5份BYK-A555”，即可得到如图12所示的效果。
实施例6
将100目污泥粉、硼酸、硼砂、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、4，4’一双a,a`-二甲基苄基二苯胺、气相白炭黑放入80℃鼓风烘箱进行干燥处理24h后，按重称取100份基体树脂、80份污泥粉、2份硼酸、1份硼砂、1份2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、1份4，4’一双a,a`-二甲基苄基二苯胺、2份气相白炭黑，倒入配料锅。使用机械搅拌器将上述混合料充分搅拌成均匀粘稠的灰色浆料。再向灰料中按配比称取并加入3份BYK-358、1份BYK-ATU，使用三辊研磨机将上述灰色浆料进行研磨，研磨后的的浆料的颗粒大小在50μm以下，再次使用机械搅拌器搅拌研磨后的浆料，即得到均匀黑料，将黑料在80℃烘箱中放置24h。称取热处理后的200份黑料倒入另一个配料锅，低速搅拌直至完全均匀。然后将5份邻苯二甲酸酯和100份多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯固化剂混合搅拌均匀获得白料，投入上述配料锅，高速搅拌2min，使配料锅内的黑料和白料混合均匀，即得到一体化浆料。
(1)最后将100g一体化浆料倒入250mL的塑料烧杯，倒入后用红线标定浆料高度，并使其在室温条件下熟化完成(如图10(c))；
(2)或者将适量浆料倾倒在玻璃板上，用1mm涂刮器涂刮后，将玻璃板立起，得到如图14(b)所示的效果；
(3)在其他条件不变的情况下，将“加入3份BYK-358、1份BYK-ATU”分别改为“加入0份BYK-358”、“加入0.5份BYK-358”、“加入1份BYK-358”、“加入1.5份BYK-358”、“加入2份BYK-358”，并分别将适量的浆料涂刷在瓷砖上，常温固化，得到如图13所示的效果；
(4)在其他条件不变的情况下，不加入气相白炭黑，进行的流挂试验则得到如图14(a)所示的效果；
(5)在其他条件不变的情况下，分别在灰料中加入10份乙酸丁酯或者10份二甲苯，可以得到如图10(a)、(b)所示的效果；
(6)在其他条件不变的情况下，将“加入3份BYK-358、1份BYK-ATU”分别改为“加入0份BYK-ATU”、加入1份BYK-ATU”、加入2份BYK-ATU”，并分别将适量的浆料涂刷在瓷砖上，常温固化，得到如图11所示的效果；
(7)在其他条件不变的情况下，将5份邻苯二甲酸酯提高为10份邻苯二甲酸酯得到的薄片的柔韧性如图15所示。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于，以基体树脂通过添加微粉颗粒、固化剂和配合剂，研磨并控制发泡，制备而成的闭孔材料，孔隙率50～95％，孔径0.1～3mm，能够通过刷涂、喷涂或浇注，做成厚度0.1～1.5mm涂层、1.5～3mm卷材、3～30mm板材或30mm以上块材，抗拉强度10MPa以上，抗压强度1～12MPa，导热系数0.02～0.2W/(m.K)，0.4MPa不透水12h，能够通过着色剂调整得到不同颜色；所述的一体化材料以质量份计包括100份的基体树脂、20-120份的固化剂、30-120份的微粉颗粒；所述的基体树脂为脂肪族聚醚多元醇。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于，所述的固化剂为二四甲苯二异氰酸酯、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯中的任一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于，所述的微粉颗粒包括滑石粉、粉煤灰、污泥粉、建筑固废微粉中的任一种或多种混合物，粒径在10-100μm以下。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于，以质量份计，所述的配合剂中各组分含量为：催化剂0-2份，扩链剂0-12份，阻燃剂3-30份，防老剂0.1-1份，紫外吸收剂0-1份，吸水剂0-1份，稀释剂0-10份，分散剂0.5-2份，消泡剂0-1.5份，流平剂0.5-2份，防沉剂0.5-2份，发泡剂0-20份，乳化剂0-2份，泡沫稳定剂0-3份，抑烟剂0-5份，着色剂0-5份和增塑剂0-10份。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料，其特征在于，所述的催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二丁基二月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺中的任意一种；所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯基甲烷中的任意一种或两种混合物；所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、1,2-亚乙基四(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、硼砂、硼酸中的任意一种或多种混合物；所述的防老剂为芳香胺类抗氧化剂、受阻酚类抗氧化剂、喹啉的均聚物中的任意一种；所述的紫外吸收剂为邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯、2-(2ˊ-羟基-5ˊ-甲基苯基)苯并三氮唑、2，4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-(2H-苯并***-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-苯酚、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、单苯甲酸间苯二酚酯中的任意一种；所述的吸水剂为氧化钙、氢氧化钠、无水氯化钙、硅酸铝钠、对甲基苯磺酰异氰酸酯中的任意一种或多种混合物；所述的稀释剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙酸丁酯、二甲苯中的任意一种；所述的分散剂为BYK系列分散剂中的任意一种；所述的消泡剂为聚 硅氧烷溶液、改性聚硅氧烷溶液以及含疏水粒子的聚硅氧烷类中的任意一种；所述的流平剂为异佛尔酮、BYK-358、二丙酮醇、Solvesso150中的任意一种；所述的防沉剂为聚酰胺蜡、气相白炭黑、膨润土、氢化蓖麻油中的任意一种；所述的发泡剂为去离子水、环戊烷、二氯甲烷、一氟三氯甲烷、二氟二氯甲烷中的任意一种；所述的乳化剂为二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温80、油酸聚氧乙烯酯、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚中的任意一种；所述的泡沫稳定剂为磺化的蓖麻醇钠盐、甲基硅油201中的任意一种；所述的抑烟剂为氧化亚铜、氢氧化铝、氧化锑中的一种或多种、或与卤化物的复合物；所述的着色剂为无机颜料或有机颜料；所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯、苯甲酸二醇酯以及己二酸二辛酯中的任意一种。
  6. 基于权利要求1-5任一所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料的涂层制备方法，其特征在于，步骤为：
    (1)原料干燥：将各原料烘干；
    (2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的微粉颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合均匀后再投入配料锅；
    (3)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入黑料所需配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
    (4)白料配制：将白料各组分按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后，倒入容器；
    (5)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌均匀后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
    (6)高强防水装饰一体化涂层制备：首先清除施工表面的油污或碎片，修平基面存在的明显的裂缝、缺陷、孔洞等区域，然后通过刷涂或喷涂技术，涂布混合好的一体化浆料，指触不粘时，进行第二遍涂布，完全干燥后即获得微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化涂层，或者在浆料涂布10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，以获得各类石纹装饰效果的高耐候防水装饰一体化涂层。
  7. 基于权利要求1-5任一所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料的卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤制备：
    (1)原料干燥：将各原料烘干；
    (2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的微粉颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合均匀后再投入配料锅；
    (3)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入黑料所需配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
    (4)白料配制：将白料各组分按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后，倒入容器；
    (5)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌均匀后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
    (6)以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，或将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后将一体化浆料浇筑于模具内，0.5-1MPa压力条件下，常温发泡1-2h；
    (7)发泡固化完毕，直接脱模绕卷，即获得防水保温一体化卷材。
  8. 基于权利要求1-5任一所述的一种微粉强化聚氨酯基高强防水保温装饰一体化材料的板材制备方法，其特征在于，步骤为：
    (1)原料干燥：将各原料烘干；
    (2)微粉复配：称量充分干燥后的微粉颗粒，直接投入配料锅，复配时按配比投入混料锅，采用行星式混料机混合均匀后再投入配料锅；
    (3)黑料配制：按配比将粉料配合剂投入基体树脂，搅拌均匀后依次称重并加入黑料所需配合剂，在搅拌机上低速充分搅拌，直至完全混合均匀，随后将混合均匀的浆料经三辊机研磨至粒径50μm以下，获得均匀粘稠的膏状物黑料，并放入80℃烘箱24-72h；
    (4)白料配制：将白料各组分按配比称重，投入另一个配料锅，混合均匀后，倒入容器；
    (5)一体化浆料配制：将黑料从烘箱中取出，并按配比投入白料，快速搅拌均匀后即获得一体化浆料，即用；
    (6)以聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯为模具，或在其它材质模具表面包裹聚四氟乙烯或低压聚乙烯，或者将金属或陶瓷模具表面进行氟硅烷改性，然后在环境温度22-30℃，相对湿度30-60％条件下，将一体化浆料浇筑于模具内，常温自然发泡；
    (7)浆料浇筑10-30min后，将沙石颗粒直接抛洒至半干的浆料表面，固化后脱模，即获得各类装饰效果的高强防水保温装饰一体化板材。
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