WO2018024142A1 - 筒形结构的液压机 - Google Patents

筒形结构的液压机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018024142A1
WO2018024142A1 PCT/CN2017/094618 CN2017094618W WO2018024142A1 WO 2018024142 A1 WO2018024142 A1 WO 2018024142A1 CN 2017094618 W CN2017094618 W CN 2017094618W WO 2018024142 A1 WO2018024142 A1 WO 2018024142A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
pipe member
hydraulic machine
disposed
mold
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/094618
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨棋君
Original Assignee
江阴市瑞丰液压机械有限公司
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Application filed by 江阴市瑞丰液压机械有限公司 filed Critical 江阴市瑞丰液压机械有限公司
Publication of WO2018024142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018024142A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/32—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B7/00—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of hydraulic mechanical equipment, and more particularly to a hydraulic machine having a cylindrical structure.
  • Hydraulic presses are common pressure equipment, such as chip cake machines, bar extruders, profile extruders, hydraulic presses, etc.
  • the basic structure is a beam connecting the ends of the frame, and a cylinder or a mold is arranged on the beam.
  • the hydraulic press can be vertical or horizontal.
  • the chip cake machine is used to press various density of loose black or non-ferrous metal cutting coils, scraps and the like into compact dense cakes under the action of hydraulic punches, thereby facilitating transportation and storage.
  • these chips can be put into a metal melting furnace, and the metal materials can be recycled after smelting.
  • the existing chip cake machine has a U-shaped structure (or C-shaped structure) or a double-column door frame structure, and also has a three-column or four-column structure.
  • the U-shaped horizontal chip cake machine is a cornice structure, and the two sides are prone to expansion and tension after being pressed, which causes the center axis of the extrusion to bulge, and thus cannot be used for large-scale extrusion equipment.
  • the horizontal hydraulic chip cake machine of Gonggong includes four guide columns, which are divided into upper and lower rows, and both ends of all guide columns are It is located in the machine base. The structure of the machine is pressed in the cake. All the pressure is carried by the four guide columns. Therefore, the guide column needs to have high strength, so the diameter is relatively thick, and the guide column itself needs to be precision machined. Guaranteed guiding performance and high processing costs.
  • a bar extrusion machine is used for extruding a metal block out of a bar, a wire or a pipe, and the Chinese patent "201510123812.X----the type is extruded with a solid bar.
  • Method and cold extrusion device "The upper beam of the public copper rod extrusion machine is provided with a main cylinder, an extrusion die is arranged on the middle work surface, a top oil cylinder is arranged on the lower beam; and a plurality of branches are used between the upper beam and the lower beam The columns are connected, and the additional columns are required to meet the requirements of guiding progress and high-pressure strength, so the diameter needs to be thicker and the machining precision is higher.
  • the profile extruder and the hydraulic press have one end as the main cylinder, and the other end is a mold of a profile cross-section or a stamping die, wherein the frame is often a multi-column structure.
  • the present applicant provides a hydraulic machine with a reasonable tubular structure for the disadvantages of the above-mentioned existing hydraulic equipment, such as large volume and high cost, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost, the device is more compact, and the equipment is reasonably stressed. , reliability and service life are improved.
  • a hydraulic machine with a cylindrical structure with a pipe member as a connecting frame, a main oil cylinder is disposed at one end of the pipe member, and a punch or an extrusion head is disposed at a front end of the piston rod of the main oil cylinder, and the molding die is disposed at the other end of the pipe member or at a middle position of the pipe member.
  • the feed chamber is disposed at the front of the molding die, between the main cylinder and the forming mold, and the central axes of the main cylinder and the mold are located at the same horizontal or vertical straight line.
  • the molding die is disposed at a middle portion of the pipe member, and the other end of the pipe member is provided with a second oil cylinder, and the second cylinder is a sub-cylinder having a power equivalent to that of the main cylinder or an auxiliary cylinder having a power much smaller than that of the main cylinder.
  • the pipe member is a circular pipe or a square pipe, and may be formed by casting or extrusion or rolling, or may be a combination of steel plate bending or splicing welding.
  • the outer cylinder of the main cylinder or the second cylinder at one end of the piston rod is machined with an external thread and a finishing surface, and the inner circumference of the two ends of the tube or the inner circumference of the adapter is machined with internal threads, and the internal and external threads are engaged. Install the cylinder and use the cap to tighten.
  • the main cylinder or the second cylinder is located at one end of the piston rod through flanges and fasteners at both ends of the connecting member.
  • the middle portion of the pipe member is located at the feeding chamber position and is provided with a feeding hole, and a feeding mechanism is arranged at the feeding hole position, the u-shaped feeding cavity is located at the front part of the pressing cake mold, and the mouth is facing the hopper side.
  • a discharge hole Located below the discharge space, a discharge hole is provided.
  • a left oil cylinder and a right oil cylinder are respectively disposed at two ends of the pipe member, a punch is arranged at a front end of the piston rod of the oil cylinder, a mold is disposed in a middle portion of the pipe member, and a feeding cavity is disposed between the left oil cylinder and the mold.
  • a main cylinder and an auxiliary cylinder are disposed at both ends of the pipe member, and the main cylinder piston rod
  • the front end is provided with an extrusion head or a punch, and a feeding cavity and a mold are arranged in the middle of the pipe member, and the main cylinder uses a mold to press-form the material in the feeding cavity, and after the molding, the ejection cylinder is used for demoulding.
  • the main cylinder and the extrusion die are disposed at both ends of the pipe member, and the extrusion head is disposed at the front end of the piston rod of the main cylinder, the extrusion die has a profile cross-sectional shape, and the front portion of the extrusion die is provided with a communication feed.
  • the feeding mechanism of the cavity, the main cylinder squeezes the material in the feeding cavity into the extrusion die to form a profile.
  • the present invention replaces the multi-lead column structure in the prior art by using a pipe member, and directly fixes the oil cylinder or the mold at the end or the middle portion of the pipe member, and the connection method by using a thread, a card key or a flange also replaces the prior art.
  • the upper and lower beam structure forms a hydraulic machine with a cylindrical structure, thus saving a large number of components, especially the large-diameter guide column with high processing cost and the link beam at both ends of the cylinder.
  • the complete equipment of the hydraulic machine is significantly reduced in size and compact in structure. Transportation, installation and maintenance are more convenient and have significant economic benefits. As long as the production work surface of the process is smaller than the inner diameter of the tubular-type main cylinder link cylinder, the various hydraulic devices exemplified above can be adapted to the simple and practical structure of the present invention.
  • the invention adopts the pipe structure, the pipe fitting or the adapter sleeve and the like to be easily processed, and the high processing precision can be ensured by using conventional equipment such as a lathe, and the concentricity of the device can be better ensured.
  • the overall structure of the pipe is balanced by force, good rigidity, good equipment reliability and long service life, which improves the quality of the processed product.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a chip cake machine of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a pipe fitting of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A section of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3.
  • Embodiment 1 chip cake machine
  • the chip breaking machine of the hydraulic machine having the cylindrical structure according to the present invention comprises a pipe member 1 and a left cylinder 2 and a right cylinder 3 disposed at both ends of the pipe member 1.
  • the pipe member 1 can be used as shown in FIG.
  • the circular tube shown may also be a square tube.
  • the round tube or the square tube may be formed by casting or extrusion, rolling, or the like, or may be formed by bending or splicing a steel plate, and the bottom of the tube 1 is provided with a foot 13 .
  • FIG. 1 As shown in FIG.
  • the internal thread 11 is machined on the inner circumference of both ends of the circular pipe member 1, and the outer cylinder and the finished surface are processed on the outer circumference of the cylinder on the left end of the left cylinder 2 and the right cylinder 3 at the same time.
  • the cylinder can be screwed into the end of the pipe member 1. Because there is a gap in the threaded fitting, the mating surface is formed on the inner circumference of the pipe member 1, or the insert member is added to cooperate with the finishing surface of the outer circumference of the cylinder to realize the diameter. Positioning, and then axially limiting the left and right cylinders 2 and 3 by the cap 4 tightening.
  • the left cylinder 2 and the right cylinder 3 are located at the same central axis, the left cylinder 22 of the left cylinder 2 is provided with a left punch 22, and the right cylinder 3 of the right cylinder 3 is provided with a right punch 32, which is left.
  • a press cake mold 8 is fixed to the inner circumference of the pipe member 1. Press cake mold 8 is put around both ends of the annular structures Jian, the outer diameter of the die gap and the inner diameter of about 8 with a punch, the die coincides with the center axis 8 about the central axis of the punch, between the mold 8 and the left cylinder 2, A feed chamber 7 is provided.
  • a discharge space is disposed between the mold 8 and the right cylinder 3, and a discharge hole 14 is disposed on the pipe wall of the pipe member 1 located below the discharge space.
  • the oil cylinder can be fixed to the two parts of the pipe member 1 by other forms, for example, a flange, a key or a fixed threaded hole is arranged on the oil cylinder, and a flange, a key groove or a pipe member 1 is directly disposed on the pipe member 1.
  • a threaded hole is provided in the wall thickness, and the flange is connected by a fastener such as a bolt.
  • a dedicated adapter fixing sleeve to fix the cylinder.
  • the pipe member 1 is a square pipe
  • the fixing of the cylinder can be conveniently achieved by providing an adapter sleeve such as an outer inner circle.
  • the diameter of the pipe member 1 of the present invention is not directly related to the diameter of the cylinder. As shown in the above example, the diameter of the pipe member 1 is larger than the outer circumference of the cylinder, so that the cylinder can be mounted by screwing; when the flange is used, the pipe member 1 is The diameter can be approximately or less than the cylinder diameter.
  • the pipe member 1 serves as a connecting member for replacing the guide post or the frame in the prior art, and only needs to satisfy basic structural functions, such as mounting a cylinder, a mold or a feeding mechanism.
  • the middle of the pipe member 1 is provided with a feeding hole 12, and a feeding mechanism is disposed at the position of the feeding hole 12.
  • the feeding mechanism of the embodiment is a first-stage pushing structure, and the feeding cavity 7 Located at the front of the press cake mold, it is a horizontal U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped cavity mouth is facing the hopper 6 side.
  • a pusher punch 9 is disposed in the cavity below the hopper 6, and a pusher cylinder 5 is disposed outside the cavity, and the pusher punch 9 is driven by the pusher cylinder 5 to push the metal scraps in the cavity below the hopper 6.
  • the left cylinder 2 and the right cylinder 3 are initially in a reduced cylinder state.
  • the first step the right cylinder piston rod 31 is extended, and the right punch 32 enters the right end of the mold 8, and the right end of the mold 8 is closed.
  • Step 2 Push the cylinder 5 action
  • Step 4 Left cylinder piston rod 21 continues to feed, right cylinder piston rod 3
  • the left punch 22 and the right punch 32 sandwich the finally formed chip cake and remove it from the mold 8 into the space between the mold 8 and the right cylinder 3, Then, the left cylinder 2 is retracted, and the chip cake is clamped from the left and right punches, and falls under the action of gravity, and falls from the discharge hole 14 and falls on the discharge device.
  • the above-mentioned step-by-step description is to more clearly demonstrate the movement of each component in an action cycle. Actually, it is not strictly necessary to follow the sequence of steps. For example, according to the coordination arrangement, the push step and the right punch can be completely performed. Peer at the same time.
  • Example 2 bar extrusion machine or hydraulic press:
  • the bar extruder or the hydraulic press of the hydraulic machine having the tubular structure according to the present invention comprises a pipe member and a main oil cylinder and an ejection cylinder respectively disposed at both ends of the pipe member, and the power of the ejector cylinder is much smaller than that of the main cylinder, only
  • the auxiliary cylinder is used, the extrusion head or the punch is arranged at the front end of the piston rod of the main cylinder, and the feeding mechanism and the mold are arranged in the middle of the pipe.
  • the actual working ⁇ main cylinder squeezes or punches the material in the feeding mechanism, and uses the mold pair
  • the molding is carried out, and after the molding, the ejection cylinder is used for demolding.
  • the cylinders at both ends can be fixedly mounted by means of a threaded cap, a flange, a snap key or a fixing sleeve. Mold through the fixing sleeve The tube is fixed to the inner circumference of the tube, and the feeding mechanism is fixed to the outside of the tube by a fixing bracket, and the feeding chamber is located at the front of the mold.
  • the profile extruder of the hydraulic machine having the tubular structure according to the present invention comprises a pipe member and a main cylinder and an extrusion die respectively disposed at two ends of the pipe member, and an extrusion head is disposed at a front end of the piston rod of the main cylinder, and the extrusion die has a profile
  • the feeding mechanism is connected to the feeding chamber at the front of the extrusion die, the piston rod of the main cylinder is extended, the material in the feeding cavity is extruded into the extrusion die to form a profile, and the rear part of the extrusion die is arranged
  • the material mechanism undertakes the profile material.
  • the above description is illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and the invention may be modified in any form without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • the names of the left and right cylinders are only for better understanding of the drawings, and the positional relationship between the left and the right is not strictly limited. It is also called the first cylinder and the second cylinder; the arrangement direction is not necessarily horizontal, and the vertical setting is The shaft is also a vertical line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

一种筒形结构的液压机，以管件（1）作为连接机架，主油缸（2，3）设置在管件一端，主油缸活塞杆（21，31）前端设置冲头（22，32）或挤压头，成型模具（8）设置在管件另一端或者管件中部位置，进料腔（7）设置在成型模具前部，位于主油缸与成型模具之间，主油缸和模具的中心轴均位于同一条水平或铅直直线上。该液压机采用管件取代现有技术中的多支导柱结构，将油缸或者模具直接固定在管件端部或中部，利用螺纹、卡键或者法兰的连接方式取代现有技术的上下梁结构，形成筒形结构的液压机，从而节省了大量的零部件，尤其是加工成本很高的大直径导柱与两端油缸链接梁，液压机的整套设备体积显著地缩小，结构更为紧凑，运输与安装维护更为方便，具有显著的经济效益。

Description

筒形结构的液压机
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及液压机械设备领域， 尤其是一种筒形结构的液压机。
背景技术
[0002] 液压机是常见的压力设备， 例如屑饼机、 棒材挤压机、 型材挤出机、 液压冲床 等， 基本结构是由机架连接两端的梁， 在梁上布置有油缸或者模具， 液压机可 以是立式或者卧式设备。 以屑饼机为例， 屑饼机用于将各种密度疏松的黑色或 有色金属切削卷丝、 残屑等在液压冲头的作用下压制为密度致密的饼块， 从而 方便了运输与仓储， 最终可以将这些屑饼投入金属熔炉， 熔炼后进行金属材料 的回收利用。 现有的屑饼机的机架形式有 U型结构 （或称 C型结构） ， 或双导柱 的门框结构， 也有三导柱或四导柱结构。 U型结构的卧式屑饼机为幵口结构， 两 侧在挤压受力后容易发生膨胀张幵， 导致挤压中心轴鼓起， 因而不能用于大型 的挤压设备。 中国专利" 201420040167.6---—种卧式液压屑饼机的送料成型机构" 公幵的卧式液压屑饼机包括四支导柱， 两两分为上下两排， 所有导柱的两端均 设于机座内， 这种机型结构在压饼吋， 所有压力由四支导柱承担， 因此需要导 柱具有很高的强度， 故直径较粗， 而导柱本身又需要进行精密加工以保证导向 性能， 加工成本很高。
[0003] 以棒材挤压机为例， 棒材挤压机用于将金属块挤压出棒材、 线材或管材， 中国 专利" 201510123812.X---—种用实心棒材挤压成型的方法及其冷挤压装置"公幵的 铜棒挤压机上梁设置有主油缸， 中部工作台面上设置有挤压模具， 下梁配置顶 料油缸； 上梁与下梁之间采用多支立柱进行连接， 增加的这些立柱同吋要满足 导向进度与高压强度的需求， 因而直径需要较粗， 加工精度较高。
[0004] 同样， 型材挤出机与液压冲床一端为主油缸， 另一端为型材截面形状的模具或 冲压件模具， 其中机架多见为多导柱结构。
[0005] 由于主油缸本身压力较大， 直径比较大， 再在油缸外周布置粗壮的多支导柱， 且必须配置两端链接梁， 故现有屑饼机、 挤压机、 挤出机、 液压冲床的整套设 备体积庞大， 重量笨重， 成本较高。
技术问题
[0006] 本申请人针对上述现有液压设备体积庞大， 成本较高等缺点， 提供一种结构合 理的筒形结构的液压机， 从而极大地降低了制造成本， 设备体积更为紧凑、 设 备受力合理， 可靠性与使用寿命得到提高。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
[0008] 一种筒形结构的液压机， 以管件作为连接机架， 主油缸设置在管件一端， 主油 缸活塞杆前端设置冲头或挤压头， 成型模具设置在管件另一端或者管件中部位 置， 进料腔设置在成型模具前部， 位于主油缸与成型模具之间， 主油缸和模具 的中心轴均位于同一条水平或铅直直线上。
[0009] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：
[0010] 成型模具设置在管件中部位置， 管件另一端设置有第二油缸， 所述第二油缸为 功率与主油缸相当的副油缸或者功率远小于主油缸的辅助油缸。
[0011] 所述管件为圆形管或方管， 可以采用铸造或挤压、 轧制工艺成型， 也可以采用 钢板弯曲或拼接焊接组合。
[0012] 所述主油缸或第二油缸位于活塞杆一端的油缸外周加工有外螺纹与精加工面， 所述管件两端的内周或转接件内周加工有内螺纹， 通过内外螺纹的啮合安装油 缸， 同吋使用并帽并紧。
[0013] 所述主油缸或第二油缸位于活塞杆一端通过法兰与紧固件安装于所述连接部件 两端。
[0014] 所述管件的中部位于进料腔位置幵设进料孔， 在进料孔位置设置有进料机构， u型进料腔位于压饼模具前部， 幵口朝向料斗一侧。
[0015] 位于卸料空间下方幵设有出料孔。
[0016] 为屑饼机， 管件两端分别设置有左油缸与右油缸， 油缸活塞杆前端设置冲头， 模具设置在管件中部， 左油缸与模具之间设置有进料腔。
[0017] 为棒材挤压机或液压冲床， 管件两端设置有主油缸与辅助油缸， 主油缸活塞杆 前端设置挤压头或冲头， 在管件中部设置有进料腔与模具， 主油缸利用模具对 进料腔内的物料加压成型， 成型后利用顶出油缸进行脱模。
[0018] 为型材挤出机， 主油缸与挤出模具设置在管件的两端， 主油缸活塞杆前端设置 挤压头， 挤出模具具有型材截面形状， 挤出模具前部设置有连通进料腔的进料 机构， 主油缸将进料腔内的物料挤入挤出模具形成型材。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0019] 本发明的有益效果如下：
[0020] 本发明采用管件取代现有技术中的多支导柱结构， 将油缸或者模具直接固定在 管件端部或中部， 利用螺纹、 卡键或者法兰的连接方式也取代了现有技术的上 下梁结构， 形成筒形结构的液压机， 从而节省了大量的零部件， 尤其是加工成 本很高的大直径导柱与两端油缸链接梁， 液压机的整套设备体积显著地缩小， 结构更为紧凑， 运输与安装维护更为方便， 具有显著的经济效益。 只要工艺的 生产工作台面小于筒型受力主油缸链接筒的内径如上述例举的多种液压设备均 可以适应本发明的简洁实用的结构。
[0021] 本发明采用管件结构， 管件或者转接套等容易加工， 利用车床等常规设备即可 保证较高的加工精度， 对于设备的同心度等都能得到较好的保证。 整体结构的 管件受力平衡、 刚性较好， 设备可靠性好、 使用寿命长， 同吋提高了被加工的 产品质量。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0022] 图 1为本发明的屑饼机的立体图。
[0023] 图 2为本发明的管件的立体图
[0024] 图 3为图 1的仰视图。
[0025] 图 4为图 3中 A- A截面的剖视图。
[0026] 图 5为图 3中 B-B截面的剖视图。
[0027] 图中： 1、 管件； 2、 左油缸； 3、 右油缸； 4、 并帽； 5、 推料油缸； 6、 料斗； 7、 进料腔； 8、 模具； 9、 推料冲头； 11、 内螺纹； 12、 进料孔； 13、 底脚； 14 、 出料孔； 21、 左油缸活塞杆； 22、 左冲头； 31、 右油缸活塞杆； 32、 右冲头 实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0028] 下面结合附图， 说明本发明的具体实施方式。
[0029] 实施例一、 屑饼机：
[0030] 如图 1所示， 具有本发明所述的筒形结构的液压机的屑饼机包括管件 1与设置在 管件 1两端的左油缸 2和右油缸 3， 管件 1可以使用如图 2所示的圆形管， 也可以是 方管， 圆管或者方管可以采用铸造或者挤压、 轧制等成型， 也可以采用钢板弯 曲或者拼接焊接组合， 管件 1底部设置有底脚 13。 如图 2所示， 本实施例在圆形 管件 1两端内周加工有内螺纹 11， 同吋在左油缸 2和右油缸 3位于活塞杆一端的油 缸外周加工有外螺纹与精加工面， 内外螺纹啮合后， 即可以将油缸旋入管件 1的 端部， 因为螺纹配合存在间隙， 故在管件 1的内周成型配合面， 或者增加内嵌件 ， 与油缸外周的精加工面配合实现径向定位， 然后通过并帽 4旋紧对左油缸 2和 右油缸 3进行轴向限位。 安装完成后， 左油缸 2与右油缸 3位于同一中心轴线， 左 油缸 2的左油缸活塞杆 21前端设置左冲头 22， 右油缸 3的右油缸活塞杆 31前端设 置右冲头 32， 左冲头 22与右冲头 32之间， 在管件 1的内周固定有压饼模具 8。 压 饼模具 8为左右两端幵放的环形结构， 模具 8内径与左右冲头的外径间隙配合， 模具 8的中心轴与左右冲头的中心轴一致， 模具 8与左油缸 2之间， 设置有进料腔 7。 模具 8与右油缸 3之间设置有卸料空间， 位于卸料空间下方的管件 1管壁上幵 设有出料孔 14。
[0031] 当然也可以采用其他形式将油缸固定在管件 1两段， 例如在油缸上设置有法兰 、 卡键或固定螺纹孔， 在管件 1上设置有法兰、 键槽或者直接在管件 1的壁厚上 设置螺纹孔， 通过螺栓等紧固件利用法兰进行连接。 或者设置专用的转接固定 套固定油缸。 例如如果管件 1采用方管， 只要通过设置例如外方内圆的转接套， 也可以方便地实现油缸的固定。
[0032] 本发明的管件 1的直径尺寸与油缸直径没有直接关系， 如上例所示管件 1的直径 大于油缸外周， 如此可以利用螺纹配合安装油缸； 当采用法兰连接吋， 管件 1的 直径可以近似或小于油缸直径。 管件 1作为取代现有技术中导柱或者机架的连接 部件， 仅需要满足基本的结构功能， 例如安装油缸、 模具或进料机构即可。
[0033] 管件 1的中部幵设进料孔 12， 在进料孔 12位置设置有进料机构， 如图 1所示， 本 实施例的进料机构为一级推料结构， 进料腔 7位于压饼模具前部， 为水平的 U型 结构， U型腔体幵口朝向料斗 6—侧。 料斗 6下方的腔体内设置有推料冲头 9， 腔 体外部设置有推料油缸 5， 推料冲头 9通过推料油缸 5驱动， 将料斗 6下方的腔体 内的金属屑料推入进料腔 7。
[0034] 实际工作吋， 左油缸 2、 右油缸 3初始均为缩缸状态。 第一步:右油缸活塞杆 31 伸出， 右冲头 32进入模具 8右端， 将模具 8的右端封闭。 第二步： 推料油缸 5动作
， 将推料冲头 9向前推挤， 将料斗 6下方的金属废料推入进料腔 7。 第三步： 左油 缸活塞杆 21向前推入， 左冲头 22将进料腔 7内的屑料压入模具 8， 由于模具 8的右 端已经被右冲头 32封闭， 故屑料被两端的左右冲头封闭， 此吋左右冲头同吋对 屑料加压， 压制形成屑饼。 第四步： 左油缸活塞杆 21持续送进， 右油缸活塞杆 3
1主动缩缸或者被动从动缩缸， 左冲头 22与右冲头 32夹住已终压成型的屑饼一并 从模具 8中移出， 至模具 8与右油缸 3之间的空间中， 此吋左油缸 2退缸， 屑饼离 幵左右冲头的夹持， 在重力作用下， 从出料孔 14中落下， 落在出料装置上。 当 然， 上述分步骤描述是为了更为清晰地演示一个动作周期内各部件的运动， 实 际并不严格需要按照步骤顺序操作， 例如根据吋间统筹安排， 完全可以将推料 步骤与右冲头动作同吋进行。
本发明的实施方式
[0035] 实施例二、 棒材挤压机或液压冲床：
[0036] 具有本发明所述的筒形结构的液压机的棒材挤压机或液压冲床包括管件与分别 设置在管件两端的主油缸与顶出油缸， 顶出油缸功率远小于主油缸， 仅作为辅 助油缸使用， 主油缸活塞杆前端设置挤压头或冲头， 在管件中部设置有进料机 构与模具， 实际工作吋主油缸将进料机构中的物料进行挤压或者冲制， 利用模 具对其成型， 成型后利用顶出油缸进行脱模。 与实施例一相同， 两端的油缸可 以利用螺纹并帽、 法兰、 卡键或固定套等结构进行固定安装。 模具通过固定套 管固定在管件内周， 进料机构通过固定支架固定在管件外部， 进料腔位于模具 前部。
[0037] 实施例三、 型材挤出机：
[0038] 具有本发明所述的筒形结构的液压机的型材挤出机包括管件与分别设置在管件 两端的主油缸与挤出模具， 主油缸活塞杆前端设置挤压头， 挤出模具具有型材 截面形状， 挤出模具前部设置有连通进料腔的进料机构， 主油缸的活塞杆伸出 ， 将进料腔内的物料挤入挤出模具形成型材， 在挤出模具后部设置接料机构承 接型材物料。
[0039] 以上描述是对本发明的解释， 不是对发明的限定， 在不违背本发明精神的情况 下， 本发明可以作任何形式的修改。 左油缸与右油缸的名称仅为了更好结合图 纸理解， 并不严格限定左右位置关系， 称为第一油缸与第二油缸亦可； 其排布 方向也不一定是横向水平， 竖直设置中轴为铅垂线亦可。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 以管件作为连接机架， 主油缸 设置在管件一端， 主油缸活塞杆前端设置冲头或挤压头， 成型模具设 置在管件另一端或者管件中部位置， 进料腔设置在成型模具前部， 位 于主油缸与成型模具之间， 主油缸和模具的中心轴均位于同一条水平 或铅直直线上。
[权利要求 2] 按照权利要求 1所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 成型模具设 置在管件中部位置， 管件另一端设置有第二油缸， 所述第二油缸为功 率与主油缸相当的副油缸或者功率远小于主油缸的辅助油缸。
[权利要求 3] 按照权利要求 1或权利要求 2所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 所述管件为圆形管或方管， 可以采用铸造或挤压、 轧制工艺成型， 也 可以采用钢板弯曲或拼接焊接组合。
[权利要求 4] 按照权利要求 1或权利要求 2所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 所述主油缸或第二油缸位于活塞杆一端的油缸外周加工有外螺纹与精 加工面， 所述管件两端的内周或转接件内周加工有内螺纹， 通过内外 螺纹的啮合安装油缸， 同吋使用并帽并紧。
[权利要求 5] 按照权利要求 1或权利要求 2所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 所述主油缸或第二油缸位于活塞杆一端通过法兰与紧固件安装于所述 连接部件两端。
[权利要求 6] 按照权利要求 1所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 所述管件的 中部位于进料腔位置幵设进料孔， 在进料孔位置设置有进料机构， U 型进料腔位于压饼模具前部， 幵口朝向料斗一侧。
[权利要求 7] 按照权利要求 1所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 位于卸料空 间下方幵设有出料孔。
[权利要求 8] 按照权利要求 1或权利要求 2所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 为屑饼机， 管件 （1) 两端分别设置有左油缸 （2) 与右油缸 （3) ， 油缸活塞杆前端设置冲头， 模具 （8) 设置在管件 （1) 中部， 左油缸 (2) 与模具 （8) 之间设置有进料腔 （7) 。
[权利要求 9] 按照权利要求 1或权利要求 2所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 为棒材挤压机或液压冲床， 管件两端设置有主油缸与辅助油缸， 主油 缸活塞杆前端设置挤压头或冲头， 在管件中部设置有进料腔与模具， 主油缸利用模具对进料腔内的物料加压成型， 成型后利用顶出油缸进 行脱模。
[权利要求 10] 按照权利要求 1所述的筒形结构的液压机， 其特征在于： 为型材挤出 机， 主油缸与挤出模具设置在管件的两端， 主油缸活塞杆前端设置挤 压头， 挤出模具具有型材截面形状， 挤出模具前部设置有连通进料腔 的进料机构， 主油缸将进料腔内的物料挤入挤出模具形成型材。
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