WO2018024035A1 - Circuit indicateur pour alimentation à découpage et son procédé d'utilisation - Google Patents

Circuit indicateur pour alimentation à découpage et son procédé d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018024035A1
WO2018024035A1 PCT/CN2017/088000 CN2017088000W WO2018024035A1 WO 2018024035 A1 WO2018024035 A1 WO 2018024035A1 CN 2017088000 W CN2017088000 W CN 2017088000W WO 2018024035 A1 WO2018024035 A1 WO 2018024035A1
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Prior art keywords
network
terminal
power supply
led
switching power
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PCT/CN2017/088000
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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王保均
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广州金升阳科技有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an indication circuit and a method of using the same, and particularly relates to an indication circuit and a method of using the same at the end of the life of an electrolytic capacitor in a switching power supply.
  • the rectifier bridge 101, the filter circuit 200, and the basic flyback topology unit circuit 300 are generally referred to as a main power stage.
  • the practical circuit is further provided with a varistor, an NTC thermistor, a fuse, and an X capacitor in front of the rectifier bridge.
  • Protection circuits such as EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) to ensure that the electromagnetic compatibility of the flyback power supply meets the requirements for use.
  • EMI Electromagnetic Interference
  • the filter circuit 200 is generally constituted by an electrolytic capacitor CL or the like, and the electrolytic capacitor CL is hereinafter simply referred to as electrolytic CL.
  • electrolytic CL electrolytic capacitor
  • electrolytic capacitors per unit volume
  • the capacity of electrolytic capacitors per unit volume is very large, so in the field of switching power supplies including flyback power supplies, especially in the field of AC input, it is still a low-cost solution, which is widely used in various power sources, such as various mobile phones.
  • the ripple current is: charging is a low frequency ripple DC current, the discharge is a high frequency ripple current discharge, and the high frequency ripple current is derived from the excitation current of the main power stage. .
  • ESR equivalent series resistance
  • Ripple current ripple current
  • IRAC rated ripple current
  • Wave current rms value the specified ripple current is the absolute value of the sine wave of the standard frequency (typically 100Hz-120Hz).
  • an indicating circuit is provided.
  • the filtering electrolytic capacitor in the switching power supply fails, an indication is provided to solve the problem, and the problem is solved.
  • the LED is connected in parallel with the inductor L.
  • the ESR of the electrolytic capacitor rises greatly, the exciting current of the main power stage appears in the inductor L, and when the switching tube is turned off in the switching power supply, the exciting current flowing through the inductor L cannot be changed. After the LED is continuously flowed, the LED is illuminated at the same time.
  • the circuit is simple, but the inductor L is used.
  • the inductor is subjected to the peak voltage of the alternating current at the start of the machine, and the charging current of the first several times of charging the electrolytic capacitor, that is, the withstand voltage of the inductor is high, the operating current is large, and the cost is high. Relatively speaking, it is not low.
  • the circuit should be connected in series with the power frequency charging circuit of the filter electrolytic capacitor, and the original circuit should be modified.
  • the present invention provides an indicating circuit and a method for using the same, which does not use an inductor with high withstand voltage and large current, and provides an indication before the filter electrolytic capacitor fails in the switching power supply, and the original switching power supply is less modified.
  • the first aspect of the invention provides a first circuit, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, a first resistor, a first capacitor, a first diode and a first LED, a first resistor and a first diode and The first component of the first LED is connected in parallel, wherein the first LED and the first diode are connected in anti-parallel.
  • the two-terminal network formed in parallel is referred to as a parallel network, and the terminal of the parallel network is an anode of the first diode.
  • the cathode of the first diode is distinguished, and the parallel network is connected in series with the first capacitor to form a two-terminal network in series.
  • the two-terminal network in series is simply referred to as a series network, and the two terminals of the series network are respectively One terminal and two terminals.
  • the invention further provides a second embodiment of the indication circuit, comprising: a first terminal, a second terminal, a first resistor, a second resistor; a first capacitor, a second capacitor; a first diode and a second diode, And a first light emitting diode;
  • the connection relationship is: the second resistor is connected in series with the first light emitting diode to form a first network having two terminals, and the first network and the second capacitor are simultaneously connected in parallel with the first resistor to form a second terminal a second network, the second network is further connected in series with the second diode to form a third network having two terminals, the third network is characterized in that the second diode and the first light emitting diode are in the same direction; the third network and the third A diode is connected in anti-parallel to form a fourth network having two terminals.
  • the fourth network is connected in series with the first capacitor and forms a two-terminal network in series.
  • the serial two-terminal network is simply referred to as a series network, and is connected in series.
  • the two terminals of the network are a first terminal and a second terminal, respectively.
  • the first scheme and the second scheme are characterized in that: the first light emitting diode is an illuminator in the optocoupler, that is, the light emitting diode in the optocoupler.
  • the invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned scheme 1, scheme 2, and preferred scheme, which is used in the following manner: the indication circuit is directly connected in parallel with the filter electrolytic capacitor in the switching power supply.
  • the cost is extremely low, the insertion loss is low, and the efficiency of the original switching power supply is hardly affected.
  • the wiring is simpler, the volume is smaller, and the use is convenient; the indication function is also provided: the indicator LED emits light before the electrolytic capacitor fails. Or the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler has a current flowing through, and the optocoupler outputs an isolated signal to prompt the user or the circuit to replace the electrolytic capacitor for filtering or replace the switching power supply before the switching power supply fails, thereby allowing the system to work normally. .
  • Figure 1 is a common topology of a flyback switching power supply in the prior art
  • 2-1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2-3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent implementation of the first embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2-5 are schematic diagrams showing an equivalent implementation of the first embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2-6 are schematic diagrams showing an equivalent implementation of the first embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3-1 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment corresponding to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3-3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent implementation of the first embodiment corresponding to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3-4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent implementation of the first embodiment corresponding to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for using the first and second aspects of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a path of a charging current generated by the rectifier bridge 101;
  • FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of a switching transistor driving voltage and an exciting current i M in a main power stage of a flyback power supply
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a path of an exciting current i M in a main power stage of a flyback power supply
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the excitation current i M producing high frequency ripple on the ESR of the electrolytic CL.
  • an indicating circuit includes a first terminal 1, a second terminal 2, a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1, a first diode D1, and a first LED.
  • the first resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the first diode D1 and the first LED, wherein the first LED and the first diode D1 are connected in anti-parallel, and the two-terminal network formed in parallel is referred to as parallel connection.
  • the network 24, the terminals of the parallel network 24 are distinguished by the anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the first diode D1, and the parallel network 24 is connected in series with the first capacitor C1 to form a two-terminal network in series.
  • the two-terminal network in series is simply referred to as a series network, and the two terminals of the series network are the first terminal 1 and the second terminal 2, respectively, and the series network is also the main body of the indication circuit for the switching power supply of the present invention.
  • anti-parallel connection it is meant that the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the first LED, while the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the first LED.
  • the first capacitor C1 is hereinafter referred to as C1, and the first resistor R1 is hereinafter referred to as R1.
  • the first LED is hereinafter referred to as LED, and other devices are similar.
  • the scheme 1 includes a plurality of series, but the functions are the same, as follows:
  • connection method is only the above (a) of FIG. 2-1 and (b) of FIG. 2-1.
  • the capacitor C1 and the network 24 are connected in series. Since the circuit is a series circuit, the functions of the device are the same after the position is interchanged.
  • the method of (b) of Fig. 2-2 is to interchange the position C1 of the mode (a) of Fig. 2-1 with the network 24, that is, essentially, (a) and Fig. 2-1 of Fig. 2-1.
  • the way (b) is equivalent. That is, the technical solution 1 includes the above four connection methods.
  • the capacitor C1 can be obtained by connecting two capacitors in series. Then, the capacitor C1 of FIG. 2-1 is replaced by a capacitor C1a and C1b in series, and the embodiment of FIG. 2-5 is obtained, and the circuit of FIG. 2-1 and FIG. 2 The circuit of 5 is equivalent. As described above, the series loops have the same function after the device interchanges the position. Further, the capacitor C1b and the network 24 are interchanged to obtain the embodiment shown in Figs. 2-6.
  • the LED is ⁇ 3mm red highlighted.
  • the LED is referred to as the LED
  • the model is 3AR2UD
  • the capacitor C1 is 333/500V chip capacitor
  • the nominal capacity is 0.033uF
  • D1 is 1N4148
  • R1 is 22K chip resistor
  • Figure 2-1 constitutes the switching power supply indicating circuit, its use method is:
  • Figure 2-1 indicates that the circuit is directly connected with the filter electrolytic capacitor in the switching power supply, forward parallel or reverse parallel Yes, forward parallel: that is, terminal 1 is connected to the positive pole of the filter electrolytic capacitor, terminal 2 is connected to the negative pole of the filter electrolytic capacitor; or reverse parallel: terminal 1 is connected to the negative pole of the filter electrolytic capacitor, and terminal 2 is connected to the positive pole of the filter electrolytic capacitor.
  • the switching power supply uses a 25W flyback power supply.
  • the filter electrolytic capacitor is 47uF/400V, which is a domestic high-quality capacitor.
  • the rectifier bridge is composed of four 1N4007.
  • the working frequency is 65KHz. Under 220VAC input, the maximum duty cycle of full load is 0.24.
  • an adjustable resistor is connected in series to simulate an electrolytic capacitor whose performance has been lowered.
  • the adjustable range of the adjustable resistor is 0-39 ⁇ .
  • the LED of FIG. 2-1 emits light, and the average value of the operating current is actually measured to be 1.6 mA.
  • the sensitivity of the indication is initially adjusted, the capacity of the capacitor C1 is small, and the sensitivity is low; the capacity of the capacitor C1 is large and the sensitivity is high.
  • the resistance R1 can be connected in parallel with the LED of the LED to adjust the sensitivity. In this example, if R1 uses a resistance of 1.6K, then 1mA or less. The peak current produces a voltage of less than 1.6V across R1, at which point the LEDs do not illuminate.
  • the conduction voltage drop of the white light-emitting tube is about 3.0V
  • the red color is different from the green color
  • the illuminator conduction voltage drop inside the photocoupler is about 1.1V.
  • the path of the charging current generated by the rectifier bridge 101 is shown in Fig. 5.
  • One end of the AC input terminal passes through one end of the rectifier bridge 101, to the output + of the rectifier bridge 101, to the positive terminal of the electrolytic CL and the first terminal of the indicating circuit, from the negative electrode of the electrolytic CL.
  • the second terminal of the indicating circuit flows out, and the output to the rectifier bridge 101 flows out from the other terminal of the rectifier bridge 101 to the other end of the AC input terminal.
  • the charging current frequency is twice that of the commercial power, 100Hz or 120Hz. Since the C1 capacity is small, it is 0.033uF. Compared with the 47uF of CL, the charging current in C1 is only 7/7 of the CL. The peak value of the charging current of CL is 2.39A, then the charging current flowing through D1 is only 1.67 mA. At this time, the LED does not emit light due to the reverse bias.
  • the CL Before the next charging cycle, the CL always discharges the main power stage, and the voltage at the CL terminal is always falling until 10mS or 8.33mS, so that the two ends of the CL form a low frequency pattern twice the mains frequency.
  • the wave has a peak-to-peak value of around 20V.
  • this low frequency ripple can form enough current in C1 to illuminate the LED. Therefore, to ensure the current formed by the low frequency ripple in C1, the voltage drop formed across the resistor R1 is less than The conduction voltage drop of the LED.
  • the capacitance of 0.033uF is about 48K ⁇ for the 100Hz AC ripple, and the effective value of the low-frequency triangular ripple with peak-to-peak value of about 20V is about 10V. Then, the low-frequency ripple current flowing through C1 is about 0.20mA. The peak value is 0.40mA, R1 is 22K, and the voltage drop should be 8.8V. In fact, the LED also does not emit light. See Figure 4.
  • C1 discharges to CL by the upper end of C1 ⁇ the positive electrode of CL ⁇ the negative electrode of CL ⁇ the cathode of D1, that is, the lower end of R1 ⁇ the upper end of R1, that is, the anode of D1 ⁇ the lower end of C1; the integral sum of C1 to CL discharge is equal to
  • the mains charges the C1 charge, and the discharge time is long, the current is almost constant, so the current is small, and this current passes through the two ends of R1, resulting in a low voltage drop.
  • the 47uF/400V electrolytic capacitor has an ESR of 0.5 ⁇ at 65 kHz, that is, when the switching transistor V operates normally, the exciting current i M of the main power stage is as shown in FIG. 6 , wherein Ugs is the driving voltage of the gate and source of the switching transistor V, and the path of the exciting current i M is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the discharge currents of the electrolysis CL and C1 to the main power stage are exactly equal to the excitation current i M of the main power stage.
  • C1 is too small for the discharge current of the main power stage, which can be ignored here.
  • the capacitive reactance of electrolytic CL at the switching frequency of 65KHz is 1/(2 ⁇ fC), which is calculated to be 52m ⁇ , which is much smaller than its ESR.
  • ESR plays a major role; the waveform shown in Figure 6 is not a sine wave, its fundamental wave It is a sine wave, and its harmonic frequency is higher than 65KHz, so here is only an estimate.
  • the 25W flyback power supply operates at 65KHz and has a maximum duty cycle of 0.24 at 220VAC input.
  • the excitation current i M of the main power stage is about 408 mA when the switching transistor V is turned on, and the peak value is about 816 mA.
  • C1 is 0.033uF, which has a small capacity, but its capacitance is 73.8 ⁇ at a frequency of 65KHz, which can provide sufficient operating current for the LED to emit light.
  • the working principle of the invention is not complicated, the capacity of the C1 is small, the C1 has the function of passing high frequency and blocking low frequency; the current of the power frequency large ripple caused by the rectifier circuit is extremely small through the C1, and the voltage drop generated on the resistor R1 is insufficient.
  • the ESR of the electrolytic CL rises, the voltage drop generated by the high-frequency excitation current of the switching power supply on the ESR rises synchronously, and the formed high-frequency ripple voltage rises as the electrolytic capacitor ages, C1 With the function of high frequency, when the high frequency ripple voltage on the ESR reaches a certain threshold, it will illuminate the LED and emit light.
  • Adjusting the resistance of R1 can adjust the threshold value, that is, the high frequency ripple voltage passes through the capacitor C1.
  • the current formed at the ends of R1 is lowered by the conduction voltage of the LED, the LED is not turned on, and the LED cannot be shunted for R1 to emit light.
  • the LED of the LED is driven to achieve the purpose of the invention, and the user is reminded that the ESR of the electrolysis CL has risen to the point of interest so that the user can decide the next step.
  • the load on the switching power supply is reduced to 30%, the LED is still illuminated, and the operating current is reduced to 0.36 mA.
  • the use of high-brightness LEDs is still very conspicuous.
  • the electrolytic capacitor can still work, but because the excitation current of the main power stage has a large heat generation on the ESR, in this case 0.22W, the electrolytic capacitor is already under high heat, which is already accelerating aging, general situation Under the tens of hours to hundreds of hours, the ESR rises rapidly, causing the heat to further increase until the failure, the capacity is lost, causing a series of failures such as the explosion of the switch tube.
  • the circuit of FIG. 2-2, the circuit of FIG. 2-3, and the circuit of FIG. 2-4 are replaced by the indicating circuit 12 of FIG. 4, and the resistance of R1 in FIG. 2-3 and FIG. 2-4 is required.
  • the charging current generated by the rectifier bridge 101 when the alternating current reaches a peak will illuminate the LED. It can be seen that the four circuits of the first embodiment can achieve the object of the invention.
  • capacitor C1 can be obtained by connecting two capacitors in series.
  • the circuit of Figure 2-1 is equivalent to the circuit of Figure 2-5.
  • Capacitor C1 of Figure 2-1 is replaced by series capacitors C1a and C1b.
  • the capacitor C1b and the network 24 are interchanged to provide the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2-6.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2-6 has the advantages that when the switching frequency of the power source is relatively high, the capacitors C1a and C1b are respectively on the upper side and the lower side, and the capacity is small, and the electrical isolation between the light emitting diode and the switching power supply can be realized.
  • the frequency of electricity is low, and the leakage current through the capacitors C1a and C1b is easily controlled below the limit value.
  • the current flowing through the LED of the light-emitting tube is not a direct current, but a high-frequency current of the same frequency as the switching power supply.
  • the lead of the LED is long, the electromagnetic radiation cannot be ignored; the LED of the light-emitting tube is replaced by an optical coupler.
  • the output current of the optocoupler also appears periodically, not a stable signal, which causes trouble for subsequent circuits.
  • the second embodiment shows a solution.
  • an indication circuit includes a first terminal 1, a second terminal 2, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2; a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2; a diode D1 and a second diode D2, and a first LED; the connection relationship is: the second resistor R2 is connected in series with the first LED, forming a first network 21 having two terminals, the first network 21 Simultaneously parallel with the second capacitor C2 and the first resistor R1 to form a second network 22 having two terminals, the second network 22 is further connected in series with the second diode D2 to form a third network 23 having two terminals, the third network 23 is characterized in that the second diode D2 and the first light emitting diode LED are in the same direction; the third network 23 is connected in anti-parallel with the first diode D1 to form a fourth network 24 having two terminals, and the fourth network 24 Then connected in series with
  • the second diode D2 and the first LED are in the same direction: in the third network 23, assuming that R1 is open, and capacitor C2 is equivalent to an open circuit for DC, then the current flowing from the lower end of the third network 23 passes through After the LED, it passes through D2 and flows out from the upper end of the third network 23.
  • D2 and the LED are both in a forward conduction state, and this serial connection is called the same direction. Both D2 and LED are in a forward conduction state, which is equivalent to a diode with a larger voltage drop.
  • Its cathode is the cathode of the third network 23.
  • the direct current can flow out from the cathode of the network, and its anode is the third network.
  • the anode, DC current can flow inward from the anode of the network.
  • the third network 23 is connected in anti-parallel with the first diode D1, that is, the third network 23 is connected to the anode of D1, and the anode of the third network 23 is connected to the cathode of D1.
  • Network 21 and C2 and R1 are simultaneously connected in parallel to form a network 22 having two terminals, and network 22 is connected in series with diode D2.
  • network 22 is connected in series with diode D2.
  • capacitor C2 is equivalent to an open circuit for direct current
  • network 22 is equivalent to one. Only the diode has unidirectional conductivity.
  • the side of the cathode of the LED is the cathode of the second network 22.
  • the direct current can flow out from the cathode of the network.
  • the anode on the side of the LED is the anode of the third network 23, and the DC current. It can flow inward from the anode of the network. Since it is limited to the same direction, there are two ways for network 22 and D2:
  • the fourth network 24 is in series with the first capacitor C1, and there are also two ways:
  • C1 has a small capacity. At a low frequency twice the mains frequency, the capacitive reactance is large, and the current flowing through C1 is extremely small. After D2 rectification, after C2 filtering, the voltage formed at both ends of R1 is insufficient to illuminate the LED.
  • the current flowing through the LED of the LED is pure DC, and its electromagnetic radiation is directly reduced to zero.
  • the output current of the optocoupler is also an extremely stable DC signal.
  • C1 is 473/500V chip capacitor, nominal capacity is 0.047uF, C2 is 104/16V chip capacitor, D1 and D2 are 1N4148, R2 is 1K, R1 is 10K, LED is 3AR2UD.
  • resistor R1 is connected in parallel with C2 as shown in Figure 3-4, and is connected in parallel with D1.
  • R1 can also adjust the threshold value. The technical solution is no longer used here to protect the rights.
  • the circuit of FIG. 3-2, the circuit of FIG. 3-3, and the circuit of FIG. 3-4 can be replaced by the indicating circuit 12 of FIG. 4, and the peak current can be absorbed by C2, and the rectifier bridge 101 reaches the peak when the alternating current reaches the peak.
  • the generated charging current does not illuminate the LED.
  • the performance of the circuit is further improved. It can be seen that the four circuits of the eight modes of the second embodiment can achieve the object of the invention.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit indicateur pour une alimentation à découpage, et un procédé d'utilisation associé. Le circuit indicateur pour une alimentation à découpage comprend une borne 1, 2, une résistance R1, un condensateur C1, une diode D1 et une diode électroluminescente (DEL). La DEL et D1 sont connectées inversement en parallèle, puis sont connectées en parallèle à R1, puis sont connectées en série à C1. Dans le procédé, le circuit indicateur est directement connecté en parallèle à un condensateur électrolytique de filtre CL dans l'alimentation à découpage; la capacité de C1 est faible, un courant de l'ondulation de fréquence de grande puissance due au redressement et au passage à travers C1 est très faible, et une chute de tension générée sur R1 est insuffisante pour allumer la DEL; lorsque l'ESR de CL augmente, une chute de tension générée sur l'ESR par un courant d'excitation haute fréquence augmente de manière synchrone, et par conséquent une tension d'ondulation haute fréquence formée augmente; C1 a un effet de découpage haute fréquence, et lorsque la tension d'ondulation haute fréquence sur l'ESR atteint un seuil, la DEL est allumée et émet de la lumière, et le seuil peut être ajusté en ajustant la résistance de R1. De cette manière, on rappelle à un utilisateur que l'ESR du condensateur de filtre a augmenté, et que l'alimentation à découpage risque d'être inefficace. Le circuit présente un faible coût et est facile à mettre en œuvre.
PCT/CN2017/088000 2016-08-05 2017-06-13 Circuit indicateur pour alimentation à découpage et son procédé d'utilisation WO2018024035A1 (fr)

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CN106292820B (zh) * 2016-08-05 2017-09-08 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种纹波电流产生电路
CN108469297A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-08-31 湖北新冶钢特种钢管有限公司 行车电子秤智能校准装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112710963A (zh) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-27 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） 基于脉冲响应的开关电源故障检测方法
CN112710963B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2023-10-13 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） 基于脉冲响应的开关电源故障检测方法

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