WO2017173906A1 - 一种连体式蜂巢砌块及其应用 - Google Patents

一种连体式蜂巢砌块及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017173906A1
WO2017173906A1 PCT/CN2017/075921 CN2017075921W WO2017173906A1 WO 2017173906 A1 WO2017173906 A1 WO 2017173906A1 CN 2017075921 W CN2017075921 W CN 2017075921W WO 2017173906 A1 WO2017173906 A1 WO 2017173906A1
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Prior art keywords
block
honeycomb
blocks
conjoined
corner
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PCT/CN2017/075921
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张�雄
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胡凯燕
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/06—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from underground
    • E03B3/08—Obtaining and confining water by means of wells
    • E03B3/14—Obtaining and confining water by means of wells by means of horizontal or oblique wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a joint honeycomb block and an application thereof.
  • the main function of the river's hard revetment is to prevent and prevent waves and stabilize the river bank.
  • hard revetment is expensive and unattractive, it is widely used for its good protection against river slopes and embankments.
  • hard revetment as an effective solution cannot be avoided in the short term (see Huang Qilong, Japanese river ecological revetment technology and its enlightenment to Shenzhen, China's rural water conservancy Hydropower, No. 10, 2009, 106-108).
  • the hard revetment of rivers mainly includes several types of mortar block revetment, cast-in-place concrete revetment, and precast concrete block revetment.
  • the blocks can be mass-produced in batches, with strict size and reliable quality, they have the advantages of convenient construction, neat masonry, good structural stability, economical cost and obvious ecological effects, and have been widely used in urban river revetment.
  • a paved slope flexible structure with prefabricated blocks as the facing unit although it is essentially a slope protection, the regular block and certain paving methods allow adjacent blocks to work together to protect the slope. It has strong adaptability to deformation and has strong overall stability. Blocks are generally interlocked or shackled to withstand the effects of power, and standardized construction of the assembly is also easy to guarantee the quality of the project.
  • the traditional hexagonal block slope is made of mortar joints.
  • holes are added on the basis of hexagonal blocks to achieve the purpose of planting.
  • artificial mortar joints are required to be fixed. Since the blocks are directly connected by mortar joints, the quality of the mortar joints affects the stability of the slope.
  • the slope protection block of the concrete structure is provided with butt joints and tongues on opposite sides of the connecting side of the adjacent blocks.
  • the hoe is matched with the sipe of the adjacent block to form a raft structure, so that the blocks are locked with each other, and the large-area forced locking anchoring of the slope-maintaining masonry is realized. Therefore, the structure is simple, easy to manufacture, durable and durable. Easy construction and other advantages.
  • the patent "an embedded ecological slope protection member” (CN20141015077.1) and “environmentally compatible prefabricated block” (CN01809196.2) are built in the bricklaying block.
  • the addition of the boss on the surface of the block achieves a slowing of the flow rate, preventing the ship from turbulent waves and eroding the soil on the slope surface, and providing a good growth environment for the plant.
  • the patent "an embedded ecological slope protection member” block is a cross-shaped structure, the limbs are connected at right angles, which tends to cause stress concentration, and the damage rate is large during the actual transportation and laying process.
  • the weight of a single block is large, and both of them have the problem of difficulty in handling when manually laid.
  • Hollow hexagonal spigot block (see CN201320085099.0, an interlocking ecological slope protection block) is connected to the hollow hexagonal block by means of a ⁇ structure to prevent mortar joints.
  • the ⁇ structure needs to occupy a certain planting space, so the planting hole rate is smaller than the original hexagonal frame.
  • the central planting hole is raised to form a boss.
  • the ecological chain slope protection block has poor effect on soil and fertilizer conservation. It is easy to cause some soil nutrient loss after the boat wave or wind wave rushing, which will affect the growth effect of grass planting.
  • the existing slope protection/revetment block has excessive weight, which makes handling and paving difficult, and greatly increases labor costs.
  • the ecological flexible retaining wall belongs to a flexible structure, has low requirements on foundation and foundation, has good ability to adapt to deformation and earthquake resistance, and has the advantages of structural safety, simple construction, economical appearance, ecological and environmental protection, etc., effectively solving the traditional retaining wall.
  • the problems of high cost and single shape provide a new way for the retaining structure to be landscaped and ecologically developed. Has broad application prospects.
  • Rong Xun block retaining wall see Rong Xun block and its application on ecological revetment, Huang Yuewen Wang Rongxun People's Yangtze River, July 2008, Vol. 39, No. 13
  • self-embedded block retaining wall See CN200710121284, an implanted retaining block
  • other ecological flexible retaining walls based on the evolution of the reinforced retaining wall panel.
  • It is a kind of reinforced earth retaining wall.
  • the panel is made of concrete blocks with the same size, shape and weight.
  • the reinforced material is made of geogrid.
  • the retaining wall works with the prefabricated panel reinforced retaining wall.
  • the self-embedded block is provided with holes in the front part of the block.
  • the plant grows in the little soil in the hole, and the water supply from the back of the wall cannot be obtained. It needs frequent watering maintenance, and the maintenance cost is relatively high.
  • the holes are arranged along the upper and lower blocks, and the soil is easily lost under the erosion of rainwater. The actual growth effect of grass planting is limited (see Zhang Yue, Yang Jie ecological retaining wall characteristics and application scope, enterprise technology and development, 2011) 24 issues).
  • Rongxun blocks pass through the vertical ecological holes that are connected to the inside and outside of the retaining wall, and the outer oblique joints formed by the upper and lower blocks along the length of the retaining wall. These vertical and external oblique seams form a three-dimensional interconnected ecological structure hole.
  • the ecological hole turns and directly connects with the soil behind the retaining wall.
  • the plant is rooted in the soil behind the wall, which is not easily affected by drought and has good growth conditions. Due to the large pores, plants such as vines, herbs, and shrubs can be planted in the ecological hole of the retaining wall (see Rongxun Block and its application on ecological revetment, Huang Yuewen, Wang Rongxun, People's Yangtze River, July 2008, Vol.
  • the honeycomb retaining wall (see CN201320034334.1, a retaining wall based on a hexagonal column block) repeatedly forms a trapezoidal section instead of the gravity retaining wall in the thickness direction.
  • a retaining wall based on a hexagonal column block repeatedly forms a trapezoidal section instead of the gravity retaining wall in the thickness direction.
  • this type of retaining wall also has an effective pore size that is too small to meet the diversity requirements of animals and plants.
  • the healthy urban river hard revetment engineering landscape refers to the establishment of an open revetment landscape ecosystem with biological habitats based on the stability of the revetment slope of the river, and keeps the system self-running and self-repairing. Plant diversity often plays a decisive role in the morphological structure of ecosystems.
  • the improvement direction of river hard revetment mainly has the following points:
  • the bank protection structure should have the function of energy dissipation and anti-shock, realize soil and fertilizer, and provide a good soil for plant growth. Matrix environment.
  • the revetment structure should have pore diversity to meet the requirements of different animals and plants for pores.
  • the pores in the revetment also need to have a mutual communication function, so that the revetment structure has a certain water permeability, and the water and nutrients necessary for plant growth are well circulated. These pores can be used as a substrate for plant growth, as well as for habitats for fish and other nearshore organisms and microorganisms. Therefore, the water permeability, the size of the pores and the porosity of the hard revetment are the key factors affecting the diversity of plants and animals (see the study of the urban revetment engineering of the rivers and rivers involved in the Wang Shu shrubs. PhD thesis of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2013 10 month).
  • the bank protection structure should have good stiffness and certain flexibility. Good rigidity to meet the requirements of the impact of flood protection and structural stability on the revetment structure, and at the same time should have a certain flexibility to adapt to the adverse effects of uneven settlement of the river bank foundation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a connected honeycomb block and an application thereof, which has the rigidity of a rigid hard bank, the structure stability is good, the integrity is good, and the strength is high. It has the characteristics of strong impact resistance, and at the same time takes into account the multi-porous diversity of flexible retaining walls and the revetment structure with planting effect of plant communities.
  • a conjoined honeycomb block comprising a connecting body and two blocks, wherein the two blocks are hexagonal prism structures, and the two ends of the connecting body are respectively Connected to one side of the block, the middle portion of each block vertically penetrates the anchor hole, and the two sides not adjacent to the block body are respectively provided with corner blocks, and the outer side of each corner block is provided with a card slot Or a card block is provided, and the card slot and the card block cooperate with each other.
  • the outer side of the two corner blocks is provided with a card slot, and the outer sides of the two corner blocks are provided with a card block;
  • the card blocks are located in the same block, or the two card blocks are located on the same side of different blocks.
  • the outer side of the three corner blocks is provided with a card slot, and the outer side of one corner block is provided with a card block; or, a corner block The outer side of the three corner blocks is provided with a card slot.
  • each corner block are provided with card slots or are provided with blocks.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block and the bottom surface of the connecting body are all flush with the bottom surface of the block body, and the height of the corner block and the height of the connecting body are equal to the height of the block body.
  • the top surface of the corner block is provided with a first protrusion or a first groove, and the first protrusion or the first groove is disposed along a radial direction of the corresponding anchor hole, and the first protrusion One end of the table or the first groove extends to the corresponding anchor hole;
  • the top surface of the connecting body is provided with a second boss or a second groove, and the two ends of the second boss or the second groove respectively extend to the corresponding Anchor hole.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block and the bottom surface of the connecting body are all flush with the bottom surface of the block body, and the height of the corner block and the height of the connecting body are both larger or smaller than the height of the block body.
  • the block, the connecting body, the corner block and the block are integrally formed.
  • the invention also provides a conjoined honeycomb protection slope based on the above-mentioned block, the conjoined honeycomb protection slope is composed of a plurality of conjoined honeycomb blocks, wherein each conjoined honeycomb block is longitudinally arranged and each ring
  • the connected four-piece honeycomb blocks form a honeycomb frame, and each honeycomb cell has a planting hole in the middle.
  • the outer side of the two corner blocks is provided with a card slot, and the outer sides of the two corner blocks are provided with a card block;
  • the connected honeycomb block in which the blocks are located in the same block is set as the first block, and the connected honeycomb blocks in which the two blocks are located on the same side of the different blocks are set as the second block;
  • the honeycomb honeycomb slope is composed of a plurality of first blocks and a plurality of second blocks; each first block is connected with two adjacent second blocks and two first blocks, wherein the first block
  • the blocks on the front side are respectively connected to a second block and a first block; the first block is located on the block on the rear side, and is respectively connected to the other block and the other block.
  • each second block is connected to two adjacent second blocks and two first blocks, wherein the second block is located on the front side Blocks, respectively connected to a second block and a first block; the second block is located on the back side of the block, respectively and another second A first connector block and the other block, the second block and the block located at the front side of the antisymmetric.
  • a connected honeycomb block having three blocks and one card slot is set as a third block; and a connected honeycomb block having one card block and three card slots is provided.
  • a fourth block; the conjoined honeycomb slope is composed of a plurality of third blocks and a plurality of fourth blocks; each third block and two adjacent third blocks and two fourth blocks Connecting, wherein the third block is located on the front side of the block, respectively connected to a third block and a fourth block; the third block is located on the rear side of the block, respectively, and the other third block and Another fourth block is connected, and the block on the front side of the third block is opposed; each fourth block is connected to two adjacent third blocks and two fourth blocks, wherein The fourth block is located on the front side of the block, respectively connected to a third block and a fourth block; The four blocks are located on the rear side of the block, respectively connected to the other third block and the other fourth block, and are opposed to the block on the front side of the fourth block.
  • a connected honeycomb block having three blocks and one card slot is set as a third block; and a connected honeycomb block having one card block and three card slots is provided.
  • a fourth block; the conjoined honeycomb slope is composed of a plurality of third blocks and a plurality of fourth blocks; wherein each third block is connected with four adjacent fourth blocks, each of which The four blocks are connected to the adjacent four third blocks.
  • the connected honeycomb block having four blocks is set as the fifth block; and the connected honeycomb block having four card slots is set as the sixth block;
  • the honeycomb honeycomb slope is composed of a plurality of fifth blocks and a plurality of sixth blocks; wherein each fifth block is connected with four adjacent sixth blocks, each sixth block and adjacent four blocks A fifth block connection.
  • the outer edge of the connected honeycomb protection slope is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped stoppers, and the middle portion of the arc-shaped stopper vertically penetrates the anchor mounting hole, and the two ends of the arc-shaped stopper are arranged a latching tooth that cooperates with the card slot, or a mounting slot that cooperates with the card block; each arcuate block replaces the connected honeycomb block located on the outer edge of the connected honeycomb berm slope, and passes through the latching tooth Connect to the corresponding card slot or connect to the corresponding card block through the mounting slot.
  • the invention also provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned conjoined honeycomb slope protection, comprising the following steps: Step S11. According to the design slope slope requirement, the slope foundation treatment is performed to make the slope surface smooth and compact, forming a design slope. The required foundation surface; step S12. laying a geotextile or graded gravel on the completed foundation surface; step S13. laying the conjoined honeycomb protection slope block; step S14. paving a layer on the surface of the conjoined honeycomb slope protection Natural soil, then plant flowers and plants suitable for the local climate in the planting holes and / or anchor holes.
  • step S13 when the slope of the slope is >1:1, an anchor is inserted in each anchor hole.
  • the invention also provides a conjoined honeycomb retaining wall based on the above-mentioned block, the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall comprises a multi-layer block layer and a plurality of anchor rods; each block layer comprises a plurality of conjoined honeycombs
  • the block is composed of blocks, wherein each connected honeycomb block is longitudinally arranged, and four connected honeycomb blocks connected in a ring form a honeycomb lattice, and each honeycomb has a planting hole in the middle thereof;
  • the anchor holes between the two adjacent block layers are oppositely disposed and fixed by anchor rods.
  • the outer side of the two corner blocks is provided with a card slot, and the outer sides of the two corner blocks are provided with a card block;
  • the one-piece honeycomb block in which the blocks are located in the same block is set as the first block, and the connected honeycomb blocks in which the two blocks are located on the same side of different blocks are set as the first block.
  • each block layer is composed of a plurality of first blocks and a plurality of second blocks; each first block is connected with two adjacent second blocks and two first blocks, wherein The first block is located on the front side of the block, respectively connected to a second block and a first block; the first block is located on the rear side of the block, respectively, with another second block and another a block connection, and the block on the front side of the first block is opposed; each second block is connected with two adjacent second blocks and two first blocks, wherein the second block The blocks on the front side are respectively connected to one second block and one first block; the second block is located on the block on the rear side, respectively connected to the other second block and the other first block And the block on the front side of the second block is opposed.
  • a connected honeycomb block having three blocks and one card slot is set as a third block; and a connected honeycomb block having one card block and three card slots is provided.
  • a fourth block each block layer is composed of a plurality of third blocks and a plurality of fourth blocks; each third block is connected with two adjacent third blocks and two fourth blocks Wherein the third block is located on the front side of the block and is respectively connected to a third block and a fourth block; the third block is located on the rear side of the block, respectively, with another third block and another a fourth block is connected, and the block on the front side of the third block is opposed; each fourth block is connected with two adjacent third blocks and two fourth blocks, wherein The four blocks are located on the front side of the block, respectively connected to a third block and a fourth block; the fourth block is located on the rear side of the block, respectively, with another third block and another fourth block The blocks are connected and the block on the front side of the fourth block is opposed.
  • a connected honeycomb block having three blocks and one card slot is set as a third block; and a connected honeycomb block having one card block and three card slots is provided.
  • a fourth block each block layer is composed of a plurality of third blocks and a plurality of fourth blocks; wherein each third block is connected with four adjacent fourth blocks, each fourth The block is connected to four adjacent third blocks.
  • the connected honeycomb block having four blocks is set as the fifth block; and the connected honeycomb block having four card slots is set as the sixth block; each layer The block layer is composed of a plurality of fifth blocks and a plurality of sixth blocks; wherein each fifth block is connected with four adjacent sixth blocks, each of the sixth blocks and four adjacent blocks The fifth block is connected.
  • the upper layer connected honeycomb block has the same type as the connected honeycomb block corresponding to the lower layer.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block and the bottom surface of the connecting body are flush with the bottom surface of the block body, and the height of the corner block and the height of the connecting body are both larger or smaller than the height of the block body;
  • the gap between the upper corner block and the corresponding corner block constitutes a first planting groove; between any two adjacent block layers, the upper layer connector corresponds to the lower layer The gap between the connectors constitutes a second planting trough.
  • each layer of the block layer is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped stoppers, and the middle portion of the arc-shaped block vertically penetrates the anchor mounting hole, and the two ends of the arc-shaped block are provided with a latching tooth that cooperates with the card slot, or a mounting slot that cooperates with the card block; each arcuate stop replaces the connected honeycomb block located at the outer edge of the block layer, and passes through the corresponding teeth
  • the card slot is connected or connected to the corresponding card block through the mounting slot.
  • the top surface of the curved block is convex upward or downward; any two upper and lower adjacent block layers, the upper curved block and the lower layer corresponding to the arc
  • the gap between the stops constitutes a notch groove.
  • the unloading plate is arranged in the planting hole of the honeycomb cell, and the unloading plate is formed by splicing two semi-circular plates, and each of the semi-circular plates is provided with a plurality of through holes.
  • the invention also provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned conjoined honeycomb retaining wall, comprising the following steps: step S21. excavating the foundation of the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall according to the design width and depth; step S22. The reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of 150mm ⁇ 300mm is poured on the foundation as a retaining wall, and the rib is reserved on the basis of the retaining wall, and the position of the rib is corresponding to the position of the anchoring hole in the center of the connected honeycomb structure of the subsequent masonry; Step S23. Binding the anchor rod of 1500 mm to 2500 mm at the position of the rib insertion; Step S24.
  • step S25 When installing the connected honeycomb block to a height of 1500 mm to 2500 mm, continue to bind the anchor rod to extend the height of the anchor rod; Step S25. Repeat step S24. Until the predetermined height of the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall is reached; step S26. The anchor hole of the conjoined honeycomb block with the anchor rod is filled with concrete; step S27. The planting hole formed by the conjoined honeycomb block Perform earthwork backfilling and compaction; Step S28. According to the landscape requirements, plant flowers or shrubs on the vertical and top surfaces of the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall for greening.
  • the pore structure (anchor hole, plant hole and planting trough) is evenly distributed, the honeycomb structure saves material, the weight is light, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.
  • the top surface of the corner block is provided with a boss or a groove, which can be used as a slowing energy dissipation ridge, can effectively prevent wind and waves from rushing, and solidify and protect the fertilizer.
  • the present invention Compared with the existing retaining wall, the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall is highly unified in terms of economy and bionics aesthetics.
  • the one-piece honeycomb retaining wall achieves the largest retaining wall cross section with the least amount of material, which greatly improves the anti-overturning stability of the retaining wall. Since the retaining wall is hollow, The retaining wall section and retaining wall form can be flexibly arranged according to the bearing capacity characteristics of the foundation.
  • the retaining wall takes into account the rigidity of the rigid retaining wall and the deformation adaptability of the flexible retaining wall.
  • the horizontal force direction is a rigid structure that bears lateral earth pressure. It has a flexible structure in the vertical direction and has a good ability to adapt to uneven foundation settlement.
  • the porous structure (planting hole and planting trough) has reliable drainage and can effectively reduce the water pressure behind the wall.
  • the cross-section of the retaining wall can be adjusted in real time according to the topography and structural requirements to meet the height variation requirements of the required retaining structure.
  • the stability and economy of the bank protection structure can be achieved by repeatedly building the retaining wall block in the thickness direction of the retaining wall to increase the section size or increase the buttress or change the cross-section form of the retaining wall.
  • the undulating structure of the façade (replacement of the first block or the second block located at the outer edge of the block with an arc stop) is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also prevents the formation of pores on the revetment and the water on the revetment. Direct impact.
  • the soil in the retaining wall is no longer directly impacted by the flow of water, and can accept nutrients and water supply from rivers and river banks, ensuring the natural growth of plants without post-maintenance.
  • the pores (planting holes and planting troughs) in the retaining wall can be large or small and form different pore shapes, providing different pores for different kinds and sizes of organisms, providing aquatic organisms with a place to repel natural enemies and ensure the waterfront environment. Biodiversity.
  • a stable plant community can be formed to provide pores and sufficient soil matrix to satisfy the growth of shrubs and even trees.
  • the retaining wall is a hollow structure, which can achieve greening of the wall top, realize the natural connection between the wall and the top of the wall, and improve the ecological integrity.
  • Plane laying can be used for slope protection, and the bosses and grooves can break the waves and reduce the wind and wave.
  • the landscape has a growing demand for the color and style of the revetment structure materials, so the landscape needs can be met by changes in the external materials.
  • the conjoined revetment is unified by the conjoined honeycomb block, and the vertical masonry or the inclined plane of the revetment block is selected according to the topography. Paving; the most economical support section can be flexibly selected according to the height required for the retaining structure.
  • a hard revetment project landscape of a city river it can be varied according to the shape of the shoreline, and the honeycomb revetment material
  • the pore diversity suitable for the establishment of plant communities such as shrubs, integrates the water body and the embankment vegetation to form a complete river ecosystem, creating rich and diverse habitats, breeding and shelters for aquatic, amphibious and terrestrial animals. .
  • the integrated honeycomb structure of the invention has good overall performance, convenient splicing and convenient construction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a third block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fourth block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a fifth block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sixth block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a second block in the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a second block in the third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of a sixth block in the fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 10;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a fifth block in the fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 10;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a second stopper in the sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a third block in the sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 17;
  • 21 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 21;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 23;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb protection slope in the ninth embodiment of the invention.
  • 26 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb protection slope in the tenth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb protection slope in the eleventh embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb protection slope in the twelfth embodiment of the invention.
  • 29 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb protection slope in the fourteenth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb wall in the sixteenth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic structural view of a connected honeycomb honeycomb retaining wall in the twenty-first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of a conjoined honeycomb retaining wall in the twenty-first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 32;
  • Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 32;
  • Figure 35 is a schematic structural view of a conjoined honeycomb retaining wall in the twenty-second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 35.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a conjoined honeycomb block, including a connecting body 12 and two blocks 1, wherein the two blocks 1 are hexagonal prism structures, and the connecting body
  • the two ends of 12 are respectively associated with one of the blocks 1.
  • the side of the block 1 is vertically penetrated through the anchor hole 13 .
  • the anchor hole 13 may be a straight hole.
  • the anchor hole 13 is a tapered hole (the radius of the upper end opening is larger than the radius of the lower end opening). It is convenient to insert the anchor rod 4 to prevent the anchor rod 4 from coming out of the anchor hole 13 (conical hole).
  • the two sides of the block 1 and the connecting body 12 are respectively disposed with a corner block 11 (two corner blocks 11 and one connecting body 12, which are distributed in a "Y" shape), and each corner block 11 is centered on the anchoring hole 12.
  • the distance is 150mm, and the remaining three sides of the block 1 (without the corner block 11 and the connecting body 12) are respectively recessed inward to form a curved surface, and each of the six curved faces connected in a ring form a planting hole 3;
  • the outer side of the block 11 is provided with a card slot 15 or is provided with a card block 14, and the card slot 15 and the card block 14 cooperate with each other.
  • the card slot 15 and the card block 14 are both dovetail structures (specifically, the card slot 15 and the card block 14) It can be a hoe and a gutter to form a ⁇ structure.
  • the block 1, the connecting body 12, the corner block 11 and the block 14 are integrally formed, which improves the overall strength of the connected honeycomb block.
  • the outer side of the two corner blocks 11 is provided with a card slot 15, and the outer sides of the two corner blocks 11 are provided with a card block 14; wherein, the two card blocks 14 Located in the same block 1, or two blocks 14 are located on the same side of different blocks 1.
  • the connected honeycomb block in which the two blocks 14 are located in the same block 1 is set as the first block a.
  • the two-piece honeycomb block in which the two blocks 14 are located on the same side of the different blocks 1 is set as the second block b.
  • the outer side of the three corner blocks 11 is provided with a card slot 15, and the outer side of one corner block 11 is provided with a card block 14; or, outside the corner block 11
  • a card slot 15 is defined in the side, and the outer side of the three corner blocks 11 is provided with a card block 14.
  • a connected honeycomb block having three blocks 14 and a card slot 15 is set as a third block c; as shown in FIG. 4, there will be one block 14 and three card slots.
  • the conjoined honeycomb block of 15 is set as the fourth block d.
  • the outer side surfaces of the corner blocks 11 are each provided with a card slot 15 or both are provided with a card block 14.
  • a connected honeycomb block having four blocks 14 is set as a fifth block e; as shown in FIG. 6, a connected honeycomb block having four card slots 15 is set as The sixth block f.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block 11 and the bottom surface of the connecting body 12 are flush with the bottom surface of the block 1 , and the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal to the block 1 .
  • Height, height range is 150-300mm.
  • the connected honeycomb block in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure in the first embodiment, and the difference is that the bottom surface of the corner block 11 and the bottom surface of the connecting body 12 are both in the block.
  • the bottom surface of the body 1 is flush, the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal, and both are smaller than the height of the block 1.
  • the height of the corner block 11 and the connecting body 12 ranges from 100 to 250 mm, and the height of the block 1 ranges from 150 to 300 mm.
  • the structure of the connected honeycomb block in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the difference is that the bottom surface of the corner block 11 and the bottom surface of the connecting body 12 are in the same embodiment.
  • the bottom surface of the body 1 is flush, the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal, and both are greater than the height of the block 1.
  • the height of the corner block 11 and the connecting body 12 ranges from 150 to 300 mm, and the height of the block 1 ranges from 100 to 250 mm.
  • the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall which is constructed by the concatenated honeycomb block of the second embodiment or the third embodiment has a bottom surface of the corner block 11 and a bottom surface of the connecting body 12 which are flush with the bottom surface of the block body 1 and a corner block.
  • the height of the 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal and are both greater than the height of the block 1. Therefore, between the two block layers adjacent to each other, the gap between the upper corner block 11 and the corner block 11 corresponding to the lower layer constitutes the first planting groove 5; between the upper layer connecting body 12 and the connecting body 12 corresponding to the lower layer
  • the void constitutes the second planting trough 6.
  • the first planting trough 5 and the second planting trough 6 can not only effectively drain water, reduce the water pressure behind the wall, but also provide a place for aquatic organisms to repel and hide the world, and ensure the biodiversity of the waterfront environment.
  • the connected honeycomb block in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment, and the difference is that the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with the first boss 16 (for example: the first The first boss 16 is disposed along the radial direction of the corresponding anchor hole 13, and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchor hole 13;
  • the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the two ends of the second boss 17 respectively extend to corresponding Anchor hole 13.
  • the connected honeycomb block in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment, and the difference is that the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with the first groove 18 (for example: first The groove 18 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical in shape, the first groove 18 is disposed along the radial direction of the corresponding anchor hole 13, and one end of the first groove 18 extends to the corresponding anchor hole 13;
  • the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second recess 19 (for example, the cross section of the second recess 19 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the two ends of the second recess 19 respectively extend to corresponding Anchor hole 13.
  • the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with the first boss 16 or the first concave
  • the groove 18, the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 or a second groove 19; the above-mentioned boss structure or groove structure can be used as a slowing energy-saving ridge, which can effectively prevent wind and waves from rushing, solidifying and fattening, It can also play the role of breaking waves and reducing wind and wave.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a conjoined honeycomb protection slope based on the above-mentioned block.
  • the conjoined honeycomb protection slope is composed of a plurality of conjoined honeycomb blocks, wherein each of them is connected.
  • the honeycomb honeycomb blocks are longitudinally arranged, and each of the four connected honeycomb blocks connected in a ring form a honeycomb lattice, and each honeycomb cell has a planting hole 3 in the middle thereof.
  • An anchor is inserted in each of the anchor holes 13. The addition of anchors can be used for steep slopes and rock slope protection.
  • the outer edge of the connected honeycomb protection slope is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped stoppers 2, and the middle portion of the arc-shaped stopper 2 vertically penetrates the anchor mounting hole 21, and the two ends of the arc-shaped stopper 2 are disposed with the card slot 15
  • the mating latches 22 are either provided with mounting slots 23 that cooperate with the latching blocks 14; the arcuate stops 2 replace the conjoined honeycomb blocks located on the outer edge of the conjoined honeycomb slope and pass the latches 22 It is connected to the corresponding card slot 15 or to the corresponding card block 14 through the mounting slot 23.
  • the height of the arcuate stopper 2 ranges from 150 to 300 mm.
  • the height of various types of conjoined honeycomb blocks can be The same, it has a good wave-eliminating effect; further, various types of connected honeycomb blocks (first block a, second block b, third block c, fourth block d, fifth block e and sixth block f) may also be different, and the wave-eliminating effect is better.
  • the conjoined honeycomb protection slope of the embodiment can be applied to the protection of the river embankment as well as the seawall protection.
  • the arcuate stopper 2 having the two latching teeth 22 is set as the first stopper g; as shown in Fig. 18, the arcuate stopper 2 having the two mounting grooves 23 is set as the second The stopper h; see Fig. 19, the arc-shaped stopper 2 having one latch 22 and one mounting groove 23 is set as the third stopper i.
  • the top surface of the arcuate stopper 2 is a flat surface.
  • the connected honeycomb slope protection in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the top surface of the curved stopper 2 is convex upward (the convex section can be Trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical).
  • the connected honeycomb slope protection in the embodiment is basically the same as that in the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the central portion of the top surface of the curved stopper 2 is upwardly convex downward (the concave
  • the section may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical).
  • the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall which is piled up by the conjoined honeycomb block of the seventh embodiment or the eighth embodiment, is arbitrarily raised or lowered downward due to the upward convex portion of the top surface of the arc-shaped stopper 2; Between the two block layers, the gap between the upper arcuate stop 2 and the arcuate stop 2 corresponding to the lower layer constitutes a notch groove 24.
  • the gap groove 24 is provided to meet the requirements of different animals and plants for pores and to ensure ecological diversity. To provide holes for the growth of shrubs and even trees Gap and sufficient soil matrix to form a stable plant community.
  • the connected honeycomb protection slope in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the connected honeycomb protection slope is composed of a plurality of first blocks a; and the connected honeycomb protection slope The outer side edge is provided with a plurality of first stop g and second stop h.
  • the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a first boss 16 (for example, the cross section of the first boss 16 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the first boss 16 is along the corresponding anchor hole. a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13; the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17 may be trapezoidal, half Round or semi-elliptical), and both ends of the second boss 17 extend to the respective anchor holes 13, respectively.
  • a first boss 16 for example, the cross section of the first boss 16 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical
  • the first boss 16 is along the corresponding anchor hole.
  • a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13
  • the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17
  • the connected honeycomb slope protection in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure in the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the connected honeycomb protection slope is composed of a plurality of second blocks b; and the connected honeycomb protection slope The outer edge of the outer side is provided with a plurality of third stops i.
  • the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a first recess 18 (for example, the cross section of the first recess 18 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the first recess 18 is along the corresponding anchor hole. a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first recess 18 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13; the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second recess 19 (for example, the cross section of the second recess 19 may be trapezoidal, half Round or semi-elliptical), and both ends of the second groove 19 extend to the respective anchor holes 13, respectively.
  • a first recess 18 for example, the cross section of the first recess 18 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical
  • the connected honeycomb protection slope in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the joint honeycomb protection slope is composed of a plurality of first blocks a and a plurality of second blocks b. And the outer edge of the connected honeycomb protection slope is provided with a plurality of first stopper h, second stopper g and third stopper i.
  • Each first block a is connected to two adjacent second blocks b and two first blocks a, wherein the first block a is located on the front side of the block 1 and respectively with a second block b is connected to a first block a; the first block a is located on the rear side of the block 1, respectively connected to the other second block b and the other first block a, and is located at the first block a
  • the block 1 on the front side is opposed to the scale.
  • Each second block b is connected to two adjacent second blocks b and two first blocks a, wherein the second block b is located on the front side of the block 1 and respectively with a second block b is connected to a first block a; the second block b is located on the rear side of the block 1, respectively connected to the other second block b and the other first block a, and is located at the second block b
  • the block 1 on the front side is opposed to the scale.
  • the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a first boss 16 (for example, the cross section of the first boss 16 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the first boss 16 is along the corresponding anchor hole. a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13; the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17 may be trapezoidal, half Round or semi-elliptical), and both ends of the second boss 17 extend to the respective anchor holes 13, respectively.
  • a first boss 16 for example, the cross section of the first boss 16 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical
  • the first boss 16 is along the corresponding anchor hole.
  • a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13
  • the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17
  • the structure of the connected honeycomb protection slope of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
  • the difference is that the structure of the connected honeycomb protection slope in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the sixth embodiment, and the difference lies in
  • the conjoined honeycomb slope protection is composed of a plurality of third blocks c and a plurality of fourth blocks d; wherein each third block c is connected with four adjacent fourth blocks d, each of the fourth blocks The block d is connected to the adjacent four third blocks c.
  • the outer edge of the connected honeycomb slope is provided with a plurality of first block h, second block g and third block i.
  • the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a first recess 18 (for example, the cross section of the first recess 18 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the first recess 18 is along the corresponding anchor hole. a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first recess 18 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13; the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second recess 19 (for example, the cross section of the second recess 19 may be trapezoidal, half Round or semi-elliptical), and both ends of the second groove 19 extend to the respective anchor holes 13, respectively.
  • a first recess 18 for example, the cross section of the first recess 18 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical
  • the conjoined honeycomb slope protection in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the twelfth embodiment, and the difference lies in that each of the third block c and the adjacent two third blocks c and two in the conjoined honeycomb slope protection slope.
  • the fourth block d is connected, wherein the third block c is located on the front side of the block 1, respectively connected to a third block c and a fourth block d; the third block c is located on the rear side of the block
  • the body 1 is connected to the other third block c and the other fourth block d, respectively, and the block 1 on the front side with the third block c is opposed.
  • Each of the fourth blocks d is connected to two adjacent third blocks c and two fourth blocks d, wherein the fourth block d is located on the front side of the block 1 and respectively with a third block c is connected to a fourth block d; the fourth block d is located on the rear side of the block 1, respectively connected to the other third block c and the other fourth block d, and is located with the fourth block d
  • the block 1 on the front side is opposed to the scale.
  • the connected honeycomb slope protection in the embodiment is basically the same as that in the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the connected honeycomb protection slope in the embodiment is composed of a plurality of fifth blocks e and a plurality of sixth blocks. f flattened composition; among them, Each of the fifth blocks e is connected to the adjacent four sixth blocks f, and each of the sixth blocks f is connected to the adjacent four fifth blocks e.
  • the outer edge of the connected honeycomb slope is provided with a plurality of first stops h and second stops g.
  • the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a first boss 16 (for example, the cross section of the first boss 16 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and the first boss 16 is along the corresponding anchor hole. a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13; the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17 may be trapezoidal, half Round or semi-elliptical), and both ends of the second boss 17 extend to the respective anchor holes 13, respectively.
  • a first boss 16 for example, the cross section of the first boss 16 may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical
  • the first boss 16 is along the corresponding anchor hole.
  • a radial arrangement of 13 and one end of the first boss 16 extends to the corresponding anchoring hole 13
  • the top surface of the connecting body 12 is provided with a second boss 17 (for example, the cross section of the second boss 17
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned conjoined honeycomb slope protection, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S11 According to the slope requirement of the design slope, the slope foundation is treated to make the slope surface smooth and compact, and the foundation surface conforming to the design slope requirement is formed;
  • Step S12. laying a geotextile or graded gravel on the completed foundation surface
  • Step S13 Laying a one-piece honeycomb slope protection block; preferably, when the slope degree is >1:1 (45 degree angle), an anchor is inserted in each anchor hole 13 and can be used for steep slopes and rocks. Slope protection.
  • Step S14 Spread a layer of natural soil on the surface of the connected honeycomb slope protection, and then plant flowers and plants suitable for the local climate in the planting holes 3 and/or the anchor holes 13.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a conjoined honeycomb retaining wall based on the above block, the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall comprises a multi-layer block layer and a plurality of anchor rods 4; each block layer comprises a plurality of layers
  • the conjoined honeycomb blocks are assembled, wherein each conjoined honeycomb block is longitudinally arranged, and each of the four connected honeycomb blocks connected in a ring form a honeycomb lattice, and each honeycomb cell has a planting hole in the middle thereof. 3; the anchor holes 13 between the two upper and lower adjacent block layers are oppositely disposed and fixed by the anchor rod 4.
  • the upper layer connected honeycomb block is of the same type as the lower layer connected honeycomb block (the same as the first block (a) and the second block ( b), third block (c), fourth block (d), fifth block (e) or sixth block (f)).
  • each layer of the block is composed of a plurality of first blocks a, and the outer edges of the block are provided with a plurality of first stops g and second stops h.
  • the curved block 2 on the outer side of the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall not only has a beautiful structure, but also forms a vortex to prevent the water flow from directly impacting the revetment and the pores thereon, and can be used for protection of large wind and wave areas and seawalls of the river.
  • the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the sixteenth embodiment, and the difference lies in that each layer is built.
  • the block layer is composed of a plurality of first blocks a and a plurality of second blocks b, and the outer edges of the block layers are provided with a plurality of first stops h, second stops g and third stops i.
  • the connected honeycomb core retaining wall in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the sixteenth embodiment, and the difference is that each block layer is composed of a plurality of third blocks c and a plurality of fourth blocks d; wherein each The third block c is connected to the adjacent four fourth blocks d, and each of the fourth blocks d is connected to the adjacent four third blocks c. And the outer edge of the block layer is provided with a plurality of first block h, second block g and third block i.
  • the connected honeycomb core retaining wall in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the eighteenth embodiment, and the difference is that in each of the block layers, each third block c and the adjacent two third blocks c Connected to two fourth blocks d, wherein the third block c is located on the front side of the block 1, respectively connected to a third block c and a fourth block d; the third block c is located on the back side
  • the blocks 1 are respectively connected to the other third block c and the other fourth block d, and the block 1 on the front side with the third block c is opposed.
  • Each of the fourth blocks d is connected to two adjacent third blocks c and two fourth blocks d, wherein the fourth block d is located on the front side of the block 1 and respectively with a third block c is connected to a fourth block d; the fourth block d is located on the rear side of the block 1, respectively connected to the other third block c and the other fourth block d, and is located with the fourth block d
  • the block 1 on the front side is opposed to the scale.
  • each block layer is composed of a plurality of fifth blocks e and a plurality of sixth blocks f.
  • the split composition wherein each fifth block e is connected to four adjacent sixth blocks f, each sixth block f being connected to the adjacent four fifth blocks e.
  • the outer edge of each layer of the block is provided with a plurality of first stops h and second stops g.
  • the unloading plate 8 is disposed in the planting hole 3 of the honeycomb cell.
  • the unloading plate 8 is formed by splicing two semi-circular plates 81, and each of the semi-circular plates 81 is provided with a plurality of through holes 82.
  • the pressure in the vertical direction of the connected honeycomb retaining wall can be decomposed (for example, the spacing of the unloading plates 8 is 1 meter, and the earth pressure of 5 meters can be decomposed into five 1 m earth pressures.
  • Transfer to the load-bearing unloading plate 8) improves the overall strength of the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall.
  • each block layer is composed of a plurality of second blocks b.
  • the composition is combined, and the outer edge of each layer of the block is provided with a plurality of third stops i.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block 11 and the bottom surface of the connecting body 12 are all flush with the bottom surface of the block 1, and the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal, and both are less than or equal to the height of the block 1. Specifically, the portion on the water surface, the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal to the height of the block 1, which increases the aesthetics.
  • the portion below the water surface, the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are both smaller than the height of the block 1, the portion below the water surface, between the two block layers adjacent to each other, the upper corner block 11 and the lower layer
  • the gap between the corresponding corner blocks 11 constitutes the first planting groove 5; the gap between the upper layer connecting body 12 and the connecting body 12 corresponding to the lower layer constitutes the second planting groove 6.
  • the first planting trough 5 and the second planting trough 6 can not only effectively drain water, reduce the water pressure behind the wall, but also provide a place for aquatic organisms to repel and hide the world, and ensure the biodiversity of the waterfront environment.
  • the top surface of the curved stopper 2 is flat or convex upward (the cross section of the protrusion may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical); specifically, the portion on the water surface, the top of the arc-shaped stopper 2 The surface is flat and adds aesthetics.
  • the portion below the water surface, the top surface of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is convex upward, the portion below the water surface, between the two block layers adjacent to each other, and the arc corresponding to the lower layer of the upper arc-shaped stopper 2
  • the gap between the stoppers 2 constitutes a notch groove 24.
  • the connected honeycomb core retaining wall in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the twenty-first embodiment, and the difference is that the bottom surface of the corner block 11 and the bottom surface of the connecting body 12 are both blocks.
  • the bottom surface of the body 1 is flush, the height of the corner block 11 and the height of the connecting body 12 are equal, and both are greater than the height of the block 1.
  • the top of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is downwardly recessed (the cross section of the recess may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and between the two block layers adjacent to each other, the upper layer is curved.
  • the gap between the stopper 2 and the arc-shaped stopper 2 corresponding to the lower layer constitutes a notch groove 24.
  • the first planting trough 5, the second planting trough 6 and the notch trough 24 can satisfy different pore requirements of animals and plants and ensure ecological diversity. In order to provide pores and sufficient soil matrix to meet the growth of shrubs and even trees, a stable plant community is formed.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned conjoined honeycomb retaining wall, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S21 excavating the foundation of the connected honeycomb core retaining wall according to the design width and depth;
  • Step S22 pouring a reinforced concrete slab having a thickness of 150 mm to 300 mm as a retaining wall foundation 7 on the foundation, and reserving the ribs on the retaining wall foundation 7, and the position of the ribbing and the subsequent jointed honeycomb core block center Corresponding to the position of the anchor hole 13;
  • Step S23 Binding the anchor rod 4 of 1500 mm to 2500 mm at the position of the rib;
  • Step S24 When installing the connected honeycomb block to a height of 1500 mm to 2500 mm, continue to bind the anchor rod 4 To extend the height of the anchoring rod 4;
  • Step S25 Step S24 is repeated until the predetermined height of the connected honeycomb wall is reached;
  • Step S26 The anchor hole 13 in which the joint honeycomb block is inserted with the anchor rod 4 is filled with concrete;
  • Step S27 Backfilling and compacting the earth in the planting hole 3 formed by the connected honeycomb block;
  • Step S28 Planting flowers or shrubs for greening on the vertical and top surfaces of the conjoined honeycomb retaining wall according to the landscape requirements.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种连体式蜂巢砌块，包括连接体(12)和两块块体(1)，两块块体(1)均为六棱柱结构，且连接体(12)的两端分别与块体(1)的一个侧面连接，块体(1)的中部均竖直贯穿有锚固孔(13)，且块体(1)与连接体(12)不相邻的两个侧面分别设置有角块(11)，各角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)或者设置有卡块(14)，且卡槽(15)与卡块(14)相互配合。还提供了一种连体式蜂巢护坡，一种连体式蜂巢护坡的施工方法，一种连体式蜂巢挡土墙及一种连体式蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法。

Description

一种连体式蜂巢砌块及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，具体来讲是一种连体式蜂巢砌块及其应用。
背景技术
城市河流多为雨源型河流，水量变化大，河水暴涨暴落。城市河流往往流经城市人口密集区，是城市空间要求以及人民生命财产安全需求都较高的区域。
河流硬质护岸其主要功能是防冲防浪和稳定河岸堤坡。尽管硬质护岸造价昂贵且并不美观，但是它以可以给河流边坡和堤岸很好防护、有利行洪等特性受到广泛的应用。在保证城市土地稳定、人民生命财产安全保障目标的指引下，硬质护岸作为有效的解决方案在短期内还不能避免(参见黄奕龙，日本河流生态护岸技术及其对深圳的启示，中国农村水利水电，2009年第10期，106-108)。河流硬质护岸主要有浆砌块石护岸、现浇混凝土护岸、预制混凝土块体护岸等几种型式。因具有与河岸土体完全隔绝的结构，在一定程度上破坏了河流的自然功能。近年来随着人类环境观念的改变及对于自身生态环境的重视度越来越高，各类生态型河流护岸的研究及实践不断涌现，传统的“无生命的”河流硬质护岸也在不断地改观。例如利用生态混凝土、植草砖、石笼等与活体植物扦插结合等方法，多种多样、不一而足。
由于砌块能成批规模化生产，尺寸规则，质量可靠，故具有施工便捷，砌筑整齐、结构稳定性好，造价经济且生态效果明显等优点，在城市河流护岸中得到了广泛应用。
以预制的砌块作为护面层单元的一种铺砌式斜坡柔性结构，虽然本质上属散体护坡，但规则的块型和一定的铺筑方式，使相邻砌块可以共同作用，使护坡适应变形能力强，并具有较强的整体稳定性。砌块一般采用联锁或榫卯连接方式，抵御动力作用效果好，装配式的标准化施工也易于保证工程质量。例如：专利《一种互嵌式护坡砌块及其施工方法》(CN200710121282.0)、《连锁护坡砌块》(CN200620108648.1)、《一种连锁式护坡砌块》(CN200710121282)均公开了一种连锁护坡砌块，上述方案很好的解决了坡面稳定问题和防止了部分水土流失，但未考虑在实际运行工况下风浪冲淘作用，植生孔内土壤逐渐被掏空，固土保肥效果差，植物生长和实际覆盖率并不理想。
传统的六角块护坡采用砂浆勾缝。为解决六角块植草问题，在六角块基础上增加孔洞来达到植生目的。然而，此类砌块铺装完毕后还需要人工砂浆勾缝连接固定。由于砌块直接靠砂浆勾缝连接，砂浆勾缝的质量影响到坡面稳定性。
榫卯结构的护坡砌块在相邻砌块的连接边两侧分别设置有对接的榫头和榫槽。榫头与相邻砌块的榫槽相互对应配合，形成榫卯结构，以使砌块相互卡锁，实现对护坡砌体的大面积强制锁紧锚固，因此，具有结构简单、制造容易、坚固耐用、方便施工等优点。
针对连锁砌块存在难以防止风浪对土壤的冲淘及水土流失的问题，专利《一种嵌入式生态护坡构件》(CN20141015077.1)和《环境相容式预制块》(CN01809196.2)在砌块表面增加凸台达到减缓流速，防止船行波风成浪对坡面土壤的侵蚀，给植物提供了很好的生长环境。然而，专利《一种嵌入式生态护坡构件》砌块是十字形结构，四肢为直角连接，容易引起应力集中，在实际运输和铺设过程中破损率较大。而且，为达到理想的孔洞空间，导致单个砌块重量较大，二者均存在人工铺设时搬运困难的问题。
空心六角凸台砌块(参见CN201320085099.0，一种互锁式生态护坡砌块)在空心六角块的基础上采用榫卯结构连接起到免砂浆勾缝的作用。然而，榫卯结构需要占用一定植生空间，因此植生孔洞率反而比原本的六角框更小。为解决水土流失问题，将中央植生孔洞抬高形成凸台。虽然一定程度上解决了水土流失问题，但将中央绿化区域与砌块四周隔绝开来，难以形成整个坡面植物覆盖。
专利《三角连锁式护坡砌块》(CN201420567073.4)采用榫卯连接，但为单一的两凹一凸的榫卯方式连接，结构重复时会有一面无法相互榫卯而形成薄弱环节。
综上所述，现有护坡砌块存在以下几个缺点：
1.生态连锁护坡砌块对固土保肥效果差，在船行波或风浪冲淘下容易造成部分土壤营养物质流失，进而影响植草生长效果。
2.现有护坡/护岸砌块存在单块重量过大，造成搬运和铺砌困难，大幅增加劳动力成本。
3.现有技术只是在原有自稳定坡面前提下铺设以达到坡面防护的目的。对于比较陡的非稳定的坡面则不适用。目前比较有效的方法是采用格构式锚钉护坡。采用锚钉来保持坡面稳定。然而，格构式护坡采用现浇，在陡坡坡面施工难度较大，且需要大量的支模，成本高昂。
4.虽然江河不会产生大波浪，但在某些区域降低风浪爬高和消浪作用也不可忽视。但目前现有技术只能解决日常风浪问题，但对于某些对防护要求较高的场合显然不适用。
生态柔性挡土墙属于柔性结构，对地基、基础要求较低，具有较好的适应变形和抗震的能力，具有结构安全、施工简单、经济美观、生态环保等优点，有效解决了传统挡土墙造价高、外形单一等问题，为挡土结构向景观化、生态化发展提供了新的途径，具 有广阔的应用前景。
荣勋砌块挡土墙(参见荣勋砌块及其在生态护岸上的应用，黄岳文汪荣勋人民长江，2008年7月，第39卷第13期)和自嵌式砌块挡土墙(参见CN200710121284，一种植生型挡土块)等生态柔性挡墙依据加筋挡土墙面板演化而来。它是加筋土挡墙的一种，面板采用大小、形状、重量一致的混凝土砌块，加筋材料采用土工格栅。挡墙的工作原理同预制面板加筋挡土墙。即通过筋带与土体摩擦及筋带与面板间的拉结起到挡土作用，不同的是砌块替代混凝土面板(参见李德巍，李英华，渠元闯生态驳岸在河道治理中优劣性比较，全国排水委员会2013年年会论文集，2013,119-124)。
自嵌式砌块在砌块前部设置孔洞，植物生长在孔洞内极少的土壤中，无法得到来自墙背后的水分补给，需要经常浇水维护，后期维护成本较大。而且孔洞为沿砌块上下贯穿设置，在雨水冲刷下土壤极易流失，实际植草生长效果有限(参见张岳，杨杰生态挡土墙的特点及适用范围探析，企业科技与发展，2011年第24期)。
荣勋砌块在形成墙体时通过离缝砌筑留置挡墙内外相通的竖向生态孔洞，上、下砌块形成的沿挡墙长度方向联通的外斜缝。这些竖缝和外斜缝形成三维互通的生态结构孔洞。生态孔转折且直接与挡墙后的土体联系，植物根植于墙背的土体中，不易受干旱影响，生长条件良好。由于孔隙较大，挡墙生态孔内可以种植藤本、草本、小灌木等植物(参见荣勋砌块及其在生态护岸上的应用，黄岳文汪荣勋人民长江，2008年7月，第39卷第13期)。然而，砌块之间离缝砌筑形成的生态孔隙虽然产生了孔洞效果，但却易造成水土流失。该挡墙不适合水位落差大、渗流流速快或砂性填土，也不适应中、大型河道。对于流速较快的河流，则对挡墙背土的处理要求很高(参见程观富，混凝土砌块类挡墙应用浅析，《工程与建设》2013年第27卷第2期，250-252)。
为克服加筋柔性挡墙刚度不足问题，蜂巢挡墙(参见CN201320034334.1，一种基于六棱柱状砌块的挡墙)在厚度方向上重复形成代替重力式挡墙的梯形截面。然而，此类结构砌块结构复杂且砌块之间相互连接较弱，整体稳定性不足。此外，该类型挡墙也存在有效孔隙过小，难以满足动植物对孔隙的多样性要求。
健康的城市河流硬质护岸工程景观是指在河流的护岸边坡形态稳定基础上，建立具有生物生境的、开放的护岸景观生态***，并保持该***能够自我运行和自我修复。植物多样性往往对生态***的形态结构起着决定性的作用。目前，河流硬质护岸的改进方向主要有以下几点：
1.护岸结构要具备消能防冲功能，实现固土保肥，给植物生长提供一个良好的土壤 基质环境。
2.护岸结构要具有孔隙多样性以满足不同动植物对孔隙的要求。护岸中的孔隙还需具有相互连通功能，使护岸结构具有一定的透水性，植物生长所必需的水分和养分得以较好地流通。这些孔隙既可以填土作为植物生长的基质，又可为鱼类等近岸生物及微生物提供繁衍栖息的场所。故硬质护岸其透水性、孔隙的大小及孔隙度的高低是影响动植物多样性的关键因素(参见王贞灌木介入的城市河流硬质护岸工程景观研究华中科技大学博士学位论文，2013年10月)。
3.在满足防洪排涝基本功能前提下，护岸结构应具有良好的刚度和一定的柔度。良好的刚度来满足抵御洪水的冲击及结构稳定对护岸结构的要求，同时应具有一定的柔性来适应河岸基础不均匀沉降带来的不利影响。
因此，亟需一种具有刚性硬质护岸的刚度大、结构稳定性较好、整体性好、强度较高、抗冲能力强等特点，同时又兼顾柔性挡墙多孔隙多样性且具有植物群落植生效果的护岸结构。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种连体式蜂巢砌块及其应用，具有刚性硬质护岸的刚度大、结构稳定性较好、整体性好、强度较高、抗冲能力强等特点，同时又兼顾柔性挡墙多孔隙多样性且具有植物群落植生效果的护岸结构。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种连体式蜂巢砌块，包括连接体和两块块体，其中，两块块体均为六棱柱结构，且连接体的两端分别与块体的一个侧面连接，各块体的中部均竖直贯穿有锚固孔，且块体与连接体不相邻的两个侧面分别设置有角块，各角块的外侧面开设有卡槽或者设置有卡块，且卡槽与卡块相互配合。
在上述技术方案的基础上，同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块中，两个角块的外侧面开设有卡槽，两个角块的外侧面设置有卡块；其中，两个卡块位于同一块块体，或者，两个卡块位于不同块体的同一侧。
在上述技术方案的基础上，同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块中，三个角块的外侧面开设有卡槽，一个角块的外侧面设置有卡块；或者，一个角块的外侧面开设有卡槽，三个角块的外侧面设置有卡块。
在上述技术方案的基础上，同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块中，各角块的外侧面均开设有卡槽或者均设置有卡块。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的底面、连接体的底面均与块体的底面平齐，且角块的高度和连接体的高度，均等于块体的高度。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的顶面设置有第一凸台或者第一凹槽，第一凸台或者第一凹槽均沿相应锚固孔的径向设置，且第一凸台或者第一凹槽的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔；连接体的顶面设置有第二凸台或者第二凹槽，且第二凸台或者第二凹槽的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的底面、连接体的底面均与块体的底面平齐，且角块的高度和连接体的高度，均大于或者小于块体的高度。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述块体、连接体、角块和卡块一体成型。
本发明还提供一种基于上述砌块的连体式蜂巢护坡，该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干连体式蜂巢砌块拼合组成，其中，各连体式蜂巢砌块均纵向设置，且每环形连接的四个连体式蜂巢砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔。
在上述技术方案的基础上，各锚固孔中对应插装有一根锚钉。
在上述技术方案的基础上，同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块中，两个角块的外侧面开设有卡槽，两个角块的外侧面设置有卡块；其中，将两个卡块位于同一块块体的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第一砌块，将两个卡块位于不同块体的同一侧的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第二砌块；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块和若干第二砌块拼合组成；每个第一砌块与相邻的两个第二砌块和两个第一砌块连接，其中，第一砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第二砌块和一个第一砌块连接；第一砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第二砌块和另一个第一砌块连接，且与第一砌块位于前侧的块体反对称；每个第二砌块与相邻的两个第二砌块和两个第一砌块连接，其中，第二砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第二砌块和一个第一砌块连接；第二砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第二砌块和另一个第一砌块连接，且与第二砌块位于前侧的块体反对称。
在上述技术方案的基础上，将具有三个卡块、一个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块；将具有一个卡块、三个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第三砌块和若干第四砌块拼合组成；每个第三砌块与相邻的两个第三砌块和两个第四砌块连接，其中，第三砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第三砌块和一个第四砌块连接；第三砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第三砌块和另一个第四砌块连接，且与第三砌块位于前侧的块体反对称；每个第四砌块与相邻的两个第三砌块和两个第四砌块连接，其中，第四砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第三砌块和一个第四砌块连接；第 四砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第三砌块和另一个第四砌块连接，且与第四砌块位于前侧的块体反对称。
在上述技术方案的基础上，将具有三个卡块、一个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块；将具有一个卡块、三个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第三砌块和若干第四砌块拼合组成；其中，每个第三砌块与相邻的四个第四砌块连接，每个第四砌块与相邻的四个第三砌块连接。
在上述技术方案的基础上，将具有四个卡块的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第五砌块；将具有四个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第六砌块；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第五砌块和若干第六砌块拼合组成；其中，每个第五砌块与相邻的四个第六砌块连接，每个第六砌块与相邻的四个第五砌块连接。
在上述技术方案的基础上，该连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块，所述弧形挡块的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔，弧形挡块的两端设置有与卡槽相配合的卡齿，或者开设有与卡块相配合的安装槽；各弧形挡块替换掉位于该连体式蜂巢护坡外侧边沿的连体式蜂巢砌块，并通过卡齿与对应的卡槽连接，或者通过安装槽与对应的卡块连接。
本发明还提供一种基于上述连体式蜂巢护坡的施工方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S11.按照设计边坡坡度要求，进行边坡地基处理，使边坡表面平整、密实，形成符合设计边坡要求的基础面；步骤S12.在已完成的基础面上铺设土工布或级配碎石；步骤S13.铺设连体式蜂巢护坡砌块；步骤S14.在连体式蜂巢护坡表面摊铺一层天然土，然后在植生孔和/或锚固孔中种植适合当地气候环境的花草。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S13中，当边坡坡度＞1:1时，在各锚固孔中对应插装一根锚钉。
本发明还提供一种基于上述砌块的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，该连体式蜂巢挡土墙包括多层砌块层和多个锚固棒；每层砌块层由若干连体式蜂巢砌块拼合组成，其中，各连体式蜂巢砌块均纵向设置，且每环形连接的四个连体式蜂巢砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间的锚固孔相对设置，并通过锚固棒固定。
在上述技术方案的基础上，同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块中，两个角块的外侧面开设有卡槽，两个角块的外侧面设置有卡块；其中，将两个卡块位于同一块块体的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第一砌块，将两个卡块位于不同块体的同一侧的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第 二砌块；每层砌块层由若干第一砌块和若干第二砌块拼合组成；每个第一砌块与相邻的两个第二砌块和两个第一砌块连接，其中，第一砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第二砌块和一个第一砌块连接；第一砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第二砌块和另一个第一砌块连接，且与第一砌块位于前侧的块体反对称；每个第二砌块与相邻的两个第二砌块和两个第一砌块连接，其中，第二砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第二砌块和一个第一砌块连接；第二砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第二砌块和另一个第一砌块连接，且与第二砌块位于前侧的块体反对称。
在上述技术方案的基础上，将具有三个卡块、一个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块；将具有一个卡块、三个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块；每层砌块层由若干第三砌块和若干第四砌块拼合组成；每个第三砌块与相邻的两个第三砌块和两个第四砌块连接，其中，第三砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第三砌块和一个第四砌块连接；第三砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第三砌块和另一个第四砌块连接，且与第三砌块位于前侧的块体反对称；每个第四砌块与相邻的两个第三砌块和两个第四砌块连接，其中，第四砌块位于前侧的块体，分别与一个第三砌块和一个第四砌块连接；第四砌块位于后侧的块体，分别与另一个第三砌块和另一个第四砌块连接，且与第四砌块位于前侧的块体反对称。
在上述技术方案的基础上，将具有三个卡块、一个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块；将具有一个卡块、三个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块；每层砌块层由若干第三砌块和若干第四砌块拼合组成；其中，每个第三砌块与相邻的四个第四砌块连接，每个第四砌块与相邻的四个第三砌块连接。
在上述技术方案的基础上，将具有四个卡块的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第五砌块；将具有四个卡槽的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第六砌块；每层砌块层由若干第五砌块和若干第六砌块拼合组成；其中，每个第五砌块与相邻的四个第六砌块连接，每个第六砌块与相邻的四个第五砌块连接。
在上述技术方案的基础上，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层连体式蜂巢砌块与下层对应的连体式蜂巢砌块的类型相同。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的底面、连接体的底面均与块体的底面平齐，且角块的高度和连接体的高度，均大于或者小于块体的高度；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块与下层对应的角块之间的空隙构成第一植生槽；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层连接体与下层对应的连接体之间的空隙构成第二植生槽。
在上述技术方案的基础上，每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块，所述弧形挡块的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔，弧形挡块的两端设置有与卡槽相配合的卡齿，或者开设有与卡块相配合的安装槽；各弧形挡块替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的连体式蜂巢砌块，并通过卡齿与对应的卡槽连接，或者通过安装槽与对应的卡块连接。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述弧形挡块的顶面中部向上凸起或者向下凹陷；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块与下层对应的弧形挡块之间的空隙构成缺口槽。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述蜂巢格的植生孔内设置有卸荷板，该卸荷板由两块半圆板拼接而成，且每块半圆板上设置有若干通孔。
本发明还提供一种基于上述连体式蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S21.按设计宽度和深度，开挖形成连体式蜂巢挡土墙的地基；步骤S22.在地基上浇筑厚150mm～300mm的钢筋混凝土板作为挡墙基础，并在挡墙基础上预留插筋，插筋的位置与后续砌筑的连体式蜂巢砌块中心的锚固孔的位置相对应；步骤S23.在插筋位置绑扎1500mm～2500mm的锚固棒；步骤S24.安装连体式蜂巢砌块至1500mm～2500mm的高度时，继续绑扎锚固棒以延长锚固棒高度；步骤S25.重复步骤S24，直至达到连体式蜂巢挡土墙的预定高度；步骤S26.将连体式蜂巢砌块插有锚固棒的锚固孔用混凝土灌实；步骤S27.连体式蜂巢砌块所形成的植生孔内进行土方回填并压实；步骤S28.根据景观要求，在连体式蜂巢挡土墙的垂直面和顶面上种植花草或灌木进行绿化。
相对于现有的护坡来说，本发明具有以下优点：
1.孔洞结构(锚固孔、植生孔和植生槽)分布均匀，蜂巢结构节省材料，重量轻，劳动强度大大减轻。
2.角块的顶面设置有凸台或者凹槽，该凸台或者凹槽能够作为减缓消能坎，可以有效防止风浪冲淘，固土保肥。
3.增加锚钉可以用于陡坡及岩石边坡防护。
4.根据消浪要求选择砌块种类(利用弧形挡块替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块或者第二砌块)，可以用于江河较大风浪区和海堤防护。
相对于现有的挡土墙来说，本发明具有以下优点：
1.仿生结构，稳定性好，成本经济——满足防洪排涝防护基本功能。
连体式蜂巢挡墙做到了经济性和仿生学的美观性高度统一。连体式蜂巢挡墙用最少的材料做到了最大的挡墙截面，大大提高了挡墙的抗倾覆稳定性。由于挡墙为空心结构， 可根据地基承载力特点灵活布置挡墙截面和挡墙形式。挡墙兼顾硬质挡墙的刚度以及柔性挡墙的变形适应能力。在水平受力方向为刚性结构，承受侧向土压力。在竖直方向上为柔性结构，具有很好的适应基础不均匀沉降能力。多孔隙结构(植生孔和植生槽)，排水可靠，可有效降低墙后水压力。可实时根据地形地貌及结构要求来调节挡墙断面形式以适应所需支挡结构高度变化要求。通过挡墙厚度方向上重复砌筑挡墙砌块来增加断面尺寸或增加扶壁或改变挡墙断面形式来做到护岸结构稳定性、经济性。
2.消能防冲——减缓水流，保证结构安全。
外立面突出的波浪形结构(利用弧形挡块替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块或者第二砌块)不仅结构美观，还可以防止水流对护岸及其上的孔隙形成直接冲击。
3.固持土壤——固土保肥，保证植物生长。
挡墙内土壤不再承受水流直接冲击，且可以接受来自河道和河岸的营养和水分补给，可以保证植物自然生长，而无需后期维护。
4.孔隙多样——满足不同动、植物对孔隙要求，保证生态多样性。
挡墙内孔隙(植生孔和植生槽)可大可小且形成孔隙形态各异，为不同种类及大小的生物提供不同的孔隙，给水生生物提供繁衍栖息躲避天敌的场所，保证水岸环境的生物多样性。可为提供满足灌木甚至乔木生长的孔隙与足够的土壤基质，形成稳定的植物群落。
5.墙顶绿化——与墙立面垂直绿化自然衔接，保证景观效果。
挡墙为空心结构，可以做到墙顶绿化，实现墙面和墙顶绿化的自然衔接，提高生态整体性。
6.各个组件灵活组合，用途范围广——可用于风浪较大内河或海堤护坡。
平面铺设可用于护坡，凸台和凹槽可以起到破浪和降低风浪爬高作用。
7.通过外挂附件达到景观多样性需求。
景观对护岸结构材料的色彩及样式多样性要求与日俱增，因此可通过外挂材料的变化满足景观需求。
综上所述，本发明的有益效果在于：
1.根据河流岸线坡度变化多样及对相应的护岸结构护砌角度多变的特点，用连体式蜂巢砌块将护坡护岸统一起来，按地形地貌来选择护岸砌块垂直砌筑还是斜平面铺砌；可根据支挡结构所需高度灵活选择最经济的支挡截面。
2.在构建城市河流硬质护岸工程景观时，可根据岸线形态曲折多样、蜂巢护岸材料 的孔隙多样性，适当加入灌木等植物群落的营造，把水体与堤岸植被连成一体，构成一个完整的河流生态***，为水生、两栖类及陆生动物创造丰富多样的栖息、繁殖和避难场所。
3.本发明中连体式蜂巢砌块的整体性能好，拼接方便，便于施工。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一中第一砌块的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一中第二砌块的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例一中第三砌块的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例一中第四砌块的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例一中第五砌块的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例一中第六砌块的结构示意图；
图7为图2中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图8为发明实施例二中第二砌块的结构示意图；
图9为图8中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图10为发明实施例三中第二砌块的结构示意图；
图11为图10中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图12为发明实施例四中第六砌块的结构示意图；
图13为图10中C-C向的剖视图；
图14为发明实施例五中第五砌块的结构示意图；
图15为图10中C-C向的剖视图；
图16为本发明实施例中蜂巢格的结构示意图；
图17为发明实施例六中第一挡块的结构示意图；
图18为发明实施例六中第二挡块的结构示意图；
图19为发明实施例六中第三挡块的结构示意图；
图20为图17中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图21为发明实施例七中第一挡块的结构示意图；
图22为图21中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图23为发明实施例八中第一挡块的结构示意图；
图24为图23中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图25为发明实施例九中连体式蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图26为发明实施例十中连体式蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图27为发明实施例十一中连体式蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图28为发明实施例十二中连体式蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图29为发明实施例十四中连体式蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图30为发明实施例十六中连体式蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图31为发明实施例二十中连体式蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图32为发明实施例二十一中连体式蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图33为图32中C-C向的转折剖视图；
图34为图32中B-B向的剖视图；
图35为发明实施例二十二中连体式蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图36为图35中D-D向的转折剖视图。
附图标记：
1-块体；11-角块；12-连接体；13-锚固孔；14-卡块；15-卡槽；16-第一凸台；17-第二凸台；18-第一凹槽；19-第二凹槽；
2-弧形挡块；21-锚固安装孔；22-卡齿；23-安装槽；24-缺口槽；
3-植生孔；
4-锚固棒；
5-第一植生槽；
6-第二植生槽；
7-挡墙基础；
8-卸荷板；81-半圆板；82-通孔；
a-第一砌块；b-第二砌块；c-第三砌块；d-第四砌块；e-第五砌块；f-第六砌块；g-第一挡块；h-第二挡块；i-第三挡块。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一
参见图1～7所示，本发明实施例提供了一种连体式蜂巢砌块，包括连接体12和两块块体1，其中，两块块体1均为六棱柱结构，且连接体12的两端分别与块体1的一个 侧面连接，各块体1的中部均竖直贯穿有锚固孔13，该锚固孔13可以为直孔，优选的，该锚固孔13为锥形孔(上端开口的半径大于下端开口的半径)，便于***锚固棒4，防止锚固棒4从锚固孔13(锥形孔)内脱出。块体1与连接体12不相邻的两个侧面分别设置有角块11(两个角块11和一个连接体12，呈“Y”状分布)，各角块11到锚固孔12圆心的距离均为150mm，块体1剩余的三个侧面(不具有角块11和连接体12)分别向内凹陷形成弧形面，每环形相连的六个弧形面构成一个植生孔3；各角块11的外侧面开设有卡槽15或者设置有卡块14，且卡槽15与卡块14相互配合，卡槽15和卡块14均为燕尾结构(具体的，卡槽15和卡块14可以为榫头和榫槽，形成榫卯结构)。优选的，块体1、连接体12、角块11和卡块14一体成型，提高了连体式蜂巢砌块整体的强度。
同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块11中，两个角块11的外侧面开设有卡槽15，两个角块11的外侧面设置有卡块14；其中，两个卡块14位于同一块块体1，或者，两个卡块14位于不同块体1的同一侧。参见图1所示，将两个卡块14位于同一块块体1的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第一砌块a。参见图2所示，将两个卡块14位于不同块体1的同一侧的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第二砌块b。
同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块11中，三个角块11的外侧面开设有卡槽15，一个角块11的外侧面设置有卡块14；或者，一个角块11的外侧面开设有卡槽15，三个角块11的外侧面设置有卡块14。参见图3所示，将具有三个卡块14、一个卡槽15的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块c；参见图4所示，将具有一个卡块14、三个卡槽15的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块d。
同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块11中，各角块11的外侧面均开设有卡槽15或者均设置有卡块14。参见图5所示，将具有四个卡块14的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第五砌块e；参见图6所示，将具有四个卡槽15的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第六砌块f。
参见图7所示，本实施例中角块11的底面、连接体12的底面均与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度和连接体12的高度，均等于块体1的高度，高度范围为150—300mm。
实施例二
参见图8和图9所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中角块11的底面、连接体12的底面均与块体1的底面平齐，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度相等，且均小于块体1的高度。具体的，角块11和连接体12的高度范围为100—250mm，块体1的高度范围为150—300mm。
实施例三
参见图10和图11所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中角块11的底面、连接体12的底面均与块体1的底面平齐，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度相等，且均大于块体1的高度。具体的，角块11和连接体12的高度范围为150—300mm，块体1的高度范围为100—250mm。
由实施例二或者实施例三的连体式蜂巢砌块堆砌起来的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，由于角块11的底面、连接体12的底面均与块体1的底面平齐，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度相等，且均大于块体1的高度。因此，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块11与下层对应的角块11之间的空隙构成第一植生槽5；上层连接体12与下层对应的连接体12之间的空隙构成第二植生槽6。该第一植生槽5和第二植生槽6不仅能够有效排水，降低墙后水压力，而且还给水生生物提供繁衍栖息躲避天地的场所，保证水岸环境的生物多样性。
实施例四
参见图12和图13所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于角块11的顶面设置有第一凸台16(例如：第一凸台16的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凸台16均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凸台16的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凸台17(例如：第二凸台17的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凸台17的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
实施例五
参见图14和图15所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于角块11的顶面设置有第一凹槽18(例如：第一凹槽18的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凹槽18均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凹槽18的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凹槽19(例如：第二凹槽19的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凹槽19的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
由实施例四或者实施例五的连体式蜂巢砌块堆砌起来的连体式蜂巢护坡及连体式蜂巢挡土墙，由于角块11的顶面设置有第一凸台16或者第一凹槽18，连接体12的顶面设置有第二凸台17或者第二凹槽19；上述凸台结构或者凹槽结构能够作为减缓消能坎，可以有效防止风浪冲淘，固土保肥，也可以起到破浪和降低风浪爬高作用。
实施例六
参见图16～图20所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述砌块的连体式蜂巢护坡，该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干连体式蜂巢砌块拼合组成，其中，各连体式蜂巢砌块均纵向设置，且每环形连接的四个连体式蜂巢砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔3。各锚固孔13中对应插装有一根锚钉。增加锚钉可以用于陡坡及岩石边坡防护。
该连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块2，弧形挡块2的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔21，弧形挡块2的两端设置有与卡槽15相配合的卡齿22，或者开设有与卡块14相配合的安装槽23；各弧形挡块2替换掉位于该连体式蜂巢护坡外侧边沿的连体式蜂巢砌块，并通过卡齿22与对应的卡槽15连接，或者通过安装槽23与对应的卡块14连接。具体的，弧形挡块2的高度范围为150—300mm。各种类的连体式蜂巢砌块(第一砌块a、第二砌块b、第三砌块c、第四砌块d、第五砌块e和第六砌块f)的高度可以相同，其具有良好的消浪效果；进一步的，各种类的连体式蜂巢砌块(第一砌块a、第二砌块b、第三砌块c、第四砌块d、第五砌块e和第六砌块f)的高度也可以不相同，其消浪效果更好。本实施例的连体式蜂巢护坡既可以适用于河堤防护，也可以适用于海堤防护。
参见图17所示，将具有两个卡齿22的弧形挡块2设为第一挡块g；参见图18所示，将具有两个安装槽23的弧形挡块2设为第二挡块h；参见图19所示，将具有一个卡齿22和一个安装槽23的弧形挡块2设为第三挡块i。本实施例中，弧形挡块2的顶面为平面。
实施例七
参见图21和图22所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于弧形挡块2的顶面中部向上凸起(该凸起的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)。
实施例八
参见图23和图24所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于弧形挡块2的顶面中部向上凸起向下凹陷(该凹陷的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)。
由实施例七或者实施例八的连体式蜂巢砌块堆砌起来的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，由于弧形挡块2的顶面中部向上凸起或者向下凹陷；则任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块2与下层对应的弧形挡块2之间的空隙构成缺口槽24。设置上述缺口槽24，能够满足不同动、植物对孔隙要求，保证生态多样性。为提供满足灌木甚至乔木生长的孔 隙与足够的土壤基质，形成稳定的植物群落。
实施例九
参见图25所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块a拼合组成；且连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块g和第二挡块h。
本实施例中角块11的顶面设置有第一凸台16(例如：第一凸台16的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凸台16均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凸台16的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凸台17(例如：第二凸台17的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凸台17的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
实施例十
参见图26所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第二砌块b拼合组成；且连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块第三挡块i。
本实施例中角块11的顶面设置有第一凹槽18(例如：第一凹槽18的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凹槽18均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凹槽18的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凹槽19(例如：第二凹槽19的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凹槽19的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
实施例十一
参见图27所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块a和若干第二砌块b拼合组成，且连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块h、第二挡块g和第三挡块i。
每个第一砌块a与相邻的两个第二砌块b和两个第一砌块a连接，其中，第一砌块a位于前侧的块体1，分别与一个第二砌块b和一个第一砌块a连接；第一砌块a位于后侧的块体1，分别与另一个第二砌块b和另一个第一砌块a连接，且与第一砌块a位于前侧的块体1反对称。
每个第二砌块b与相邻的两个第二砌块b和两个第一砌块a连接，其中，第二砌块b位于前侧的块体1，分别与一个第二砌块b和一个第一砌块a连接；第二砌块b位于后侧的块体1，分别与另一个第二砌块b和另一个第一砌块a连接，且与第二砌块b位于 前侧的块体1反对称。
本实施例中角块11的顶面设置有第一凸台16(例如：第一凸台16的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凸台16均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凸台16的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凸台17(例如：第二凸台17的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凸台17的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
实施例十二
参见图28所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第三砌块c和若干第四砌块d拼合组成；其中，每个第三砌块c与相邻的四个第四砌块d连接，每个第四砌块d与相邻的四个第三砌块c连接。且连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块h、第二挡块g和第三挡块i。
本实施例中角块11的顶面设置有第一凹槽18(例如：第一凹槽18的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凹槽18均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凹槽18的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凹槽19(例如：第二凹槽19的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凹槽19的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
实施例十三
本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例十二的结构基本相同，区别点在于该连体式蜂巢护坡中每个第三砌块c与相邻的两个第三砌块c和两个第四砌块d连接，其中，第三砌块c位于前侧的块体1，分别与一个第三砌块c和一个第四砌块d连接；第三砌块c位于后侧的块体1，分别与另一个第三砌块c和另一个第四砌块d连接，且与第三砌块c位于前侧的块体1反对称。
每个第四砌块d与相邻的两个第三砌块c和两个第四砌块d连接，其中，第四砌块d位于前侧的块体1，分别与一个第三砌块c和一个第四砌块d连接；第四砌块d位于后侧的块体1，分别与另一个第三砌块c和另一个第四砌块d连接，且与第四砌块d位于前侧的块体1反对称。
实施例十四
参见图29所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第五砌块e和若干第六砌块f拼合组成；其中， 每个第五砌块e与相邻的四个第六砌块f连接，每个第六砌块f与相邻的四个第五砌块e连接。连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块h和第二挡块g。
本实施例中角块11的顶面设置有第一凸台16(例如：第一凸台16的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，第一凸台16均沿相应锚固孔13的径向设置，且第一凸台16的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔13；连接体12的顶面设置有第二凸台17(例如：第二凸台17的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，且第二凸台17的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔13。
实施例十五
本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述连体式蜂巢护坡的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S11.按照设计边坡坡度要求，进行边坡地基处理，使边坡表面平整、密实，形成符合设计边坡要求的基础面；
步骤S12.在已完成的基础面上铺设土工布或级配碎石；
步骤S13.铺设连体式蜂巢护坡砌块；优选的，当边坡坡度＞1:1(45度角)时，在各锚固孔13中对应插装一根锚钉，可以用于陡坡及岩石边坡防护。
步骤S14.在连体式蜂巢护坡表面摊铺一层天然土，然后在植生孔3和/或锚固孔13中种植适合当地气候环境的花草。
实施例十六
本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述砌块的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，该连体式蜂巢挡土墙包括多层砌块层和多个锚固棒4；每层砌块层由若干连体式蜂巢砌块拼合组成，其中，各连体式蜂巢砌块均纵向设置，且每环形连接的四个连体式蜂巢砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔3；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间的锚固孔13相对设置，并通过锚固棒4固定。：任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层连体式蜂巢砌块与下层对应的连体式蜂巢砌块的类型相同(同为第一砌块(a)、第二砌块(b)、第三砌块(c)、第四砌块(d)、第五砌块(e)或者第六砌块(f))。
参见图30所示，本实施例中每层砌块层由若干第一砌块a拼合组成，且砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块g和第二挡块h。该连体式蜂巢挡土墙外侧的弧形挡块2不仅结构美观，还可以形成涡流，防止水流对护岸及其上的孔隙形成直接冲击，可以用于江河较大风浪区和海堤防护。
实施例十七
本实施例中的连体式蜂巢挡土墙与实施例十六的结构基本相同，区别点在于每层砌 块层由若干第一砌块a和若干第二砌块b拼合组成，且砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块h、第二挡块g和第三挡块i。
实施例十八
本实施例中的连体式蜂巢挡土墙与实施例十六的结构基本相同，区别点在于每层砌块层由若干第三砌块c和若干第四砌块d拼合组成；其中，每个第三砌块c与相邻的四个第四砌块d连接，每个第四砌块d与相邻的四个第三砌块c连接。且砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块h、第二挡块g和第三挡块i。
实施例十九
本实施例中的连体式蜂巢挡土墙与实施例十八的结构基本相同，区别点在于每层砌块层中，每个第三砌块c与相邻的两个第三砌块c和两个第四砌块d连接，其中，第三砌块c位于前侧的块体1，分别与一个第三砌块c和一个第四砌块d连接；第三砌块c位于后侧的块体1，分别与另一个第三砌块c和另一个第四砌块d连接，且与第三砌块c位于前侧的块体1反对称。
每个第四砌块d与相邻的两个第三砌块c和两个第四砌块d连接，其中，第四砌块d位于前侧的块体1，分别与一个第三砌块c和一个第四砌块d连接；第四砌块d位于后侧的块体1，分别与另一个第三砌块c和另一个第四砌块d连接，且与第四砌块d位于前侧的块体1反对称。
实施例二十
参见图31所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢挡土墙与实施例十六的结构基本相同，区别点在于每层砌块层由若干第五砌块e和若干第六砌块f拼合组成；其中，每个第五砌块e与相邻的四个第六砌块f连接，每个第六砌块f与相邻的四个第五砌块e连接。每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块第一挡块h和第二挡块g。
蜂巢格的植生孔3内设置有卸荷板8，该卸荷板8由两块半圆板81拼接而成，且每块半圆板81上设置有若干通孔82。通过设置卸荷板8，可以分解连体式蜂巢挡土墙竖直方向的压力(例如卸荷板8的间隔是1米，可以将5米高的土压力，分解成5个1m的土压力传递到承载卸荷板8的)，提高了连体式蜂巢挡土墙的整体强度。
实施例二十一
参见图32、图33和图34所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢挡土墙与实施例十六的结构基本相同，区别点在于每层砌块层由由若干第二砌块b拼合组成，且每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块第三挡块i。
本实施例中，角块11的底面、连接体12的底面均与块体1的底面平齐，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度相等，且均小于或者等于块体1的高度。具体的，位于水面上的部分，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度均等于块体1的高度，增加美观性。位于水面下的部分，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度均小于块体1的高度，则水面下的部分，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块11与下层对应的角块11之间的空隙构成第一植生槽5；上层连接体12与下层对应的连接体12之间的空隙构成第二植生槽6。该第一植生槽5和第二植生槽6不仅能够有效排水，降低墙后水压力，而且还给水生生物提供繁衍栖息躲避天地的场所，保证水岸环境的生物多样性。
弧形挡块2的顶面为平面或者中部向上凸起(该凸起的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)；具体的，位于水面上的部分，弧形挡块2的顶面为平面，增加美观性。位于水面下的部分，弧形挡块2的顶面中部向上凸起，则水面下的部分，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块2与下层对应的弧形挡块2之间的空隙构成缺口槽24。
实施例二十二
参见图35和图36所示，本实施例中的连体式蜂巢挡土墙与实施例二十一的结构基本相同，区别点在于，角块11的底面、连接体12的底面均与块体1的底面平齐，角块11的高度和连接体12的高度相等，且均大于块体1的高度。
本实施例中，弧形挡块2的顶面向下凹陷(该凹陷的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，则任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块2与下层对应的弧形挡块2之间的空隙构成缺口槽24。
上述第一植生槽5、第二植生槽6和缺口槽24能够满足不同动、植物对孔隙要求，保证生态多样性。为提供满足灌木甚至乔木生长的孔隙与足够的土壤基质，形成稳定的植物群落。
实施例二十三
本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述连体式蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S21.按设计宽度和深度，开挖形成连体式蜂巢挡土墙的地基；
步骤S22.在地基上浇筑厚150mm～300mm的钢筋混凝土板作为挡墙基础7，并在挡墙基础7上预留插筋，插筋的位置与后续砌筑的连体式蜂巢砌块中心的锚固孔13的位置相对应；
步骤S23.在插筋位置绑扎1500mm～2500mm的锚固棒4；
步骤S24.安装连体式蜂巢砌块至1500mm～2500mm的高度时，继续绑扎锚固棒4 以延长锚固棒4高度；
步骤S25.重复步骤S24，直至达到连体式蜂巢挡土墙的预定高度；
步骤S26.将连体式蜂巢砌块插有锚固棒4的锚固孔13用混凝土灌实；
步骤S27.连体式蜂巢砌块所形成的植生孔3内进行土方回填并压实；
步骤S28.根据景观要求，在连体式蜂巢挡土墙的垂直面和顶面上种植花草或灌木进行绿化。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种连体式蜂巢砌块，包括连接体(12)和两块块体(1)，其中，两块块体(1)均为六棱柱结构，且连接体(12)的两端分别与块体(1)的一个侧面连接，其特征在于：各块体(1)的中部均竖直贯穿有锚固孔(13)，且块体(1)与连接体(12)不相邻的两个侧面分别设置有角块(11)，各角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)或者设置有卡块(14)，且卡槽(15)与卡块(14)相互配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块(11)中，两个角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)，两个角块(11)的外侧面设置有卡块(14)；其中，两个卡块(14)位于同一块块体(1)，或者，两个卡块(14)位于不同块体(1)的同一侧。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块(11)中，三个角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)，一个角块(11)的外侧面设置有卡块(14)；或者，一个角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)，三个角块(11)的外侧面设置有卡块(14)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块(11)中，各角块(11)的外侧面均开设有卡槽(15)或者均设置有卡块(14)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的底面、连接体(12)的底面均与块体(1)的底面平齐，且角块(11)的高度和连接体(12)的高度，均等于块体(1)的高度。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的顶面设置有第一凸台(16)或者第一凹槽(18)，第一凸台(16)或者第一凹槽(18)均沿相应锚固孔(13)的径向设置，且第一凸台(16)或者第一凹槽(18)的一端延伸至相应的锚固孔(13)；
    连接体(12)的顶面设置有第二凸台(17)或者第二凹槽(19)，且第二凸台(17) 或者第二凹槽(19)的两端分别延伸至相应的锚固孔(13)。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的底面、连接体(12)的底面均与块体(1)的底面平齐，且角块(11)的高度和连接体(12)的高度，均大于或者小于块体(1)的高度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的连体式蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述块体(1)、连接体(12)、角块(11)和卡块(14)一体成型。
  9. 基于权利要求1所述砌块的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干连体式蜂巢砌块拼合组成，其中，各连体式蜂巢砌块均纵向设置，且每环形连接的四个连体式蜂巢砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔(3)。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：各锚固孔(13)中对应插装有一根锚钉。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块(11)中，两个角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)，两个角块(11)的外侧面设置有卡块(14)；其中，将两个卡块(14)位于同一块块体(1)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第一砌块(a)，将两个卡块(14)位于不同块体(1)的同一侧的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第二砌块b；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块a和若干第二砌块(b)拼合组成；
    每个第一砌块(a)与相邻的两个第二砌块(b)和两个第一砌块(a)连接，其中，第一砌块(a)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第二砌块(b)和一个第一砌块(a)连接；第一砌块(a)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第二砌块(b)和另一个第一砌块(a)连接，且与第一砌块(a)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称；
    每个第二砌块(b)与相邻的两个第二砌块(b)和两个第一砌块(a)连接，其中，第二砌块(b)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第二砌块(b)和一个第一砌块(a)连接；第二砌块(b)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第二砌块(b)和另一个第一砌块(a)连接，且与第二砌块(b)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：将具有三个卡块(14)、一 个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块(c)；将具有一个卡块(14)、三个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块(d)；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第三砌块(c)和若干第四砌块(d)拼合组成；
    每个第三砌块(c)与相邻的两个第三砌块(c)和两个第四砌块(d)连接，其中，第三砌块(c)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第三砌块(c)和一个第四砌块(d)连接；第三砌块(c)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第三砌块(c)和另一个第四砌块(d)连接，且与第三砌块(c)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称；
    每个第四砌块(d)与相邻的两个第三砌块(c)和两个第四砌块(d)连接，其中，第四砌块(d)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第三砌块(c)和一个第四砌块(d)连接；第四砌块(d)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第三砌块(c)和另一个第四砌块(d)连接，且与第四砌块(d)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：将具有三个卡块(14)、一个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块(c)；将具有一个卡块(14)、三个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块(d)；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第三砌块(c)和若干第四砌块(d)拼合组成；其中，每个第三砌块(c)与相邻的四个第四砌块(d)连接，每个第四砌块(d)与相邻的四个第三砌块(c)连接。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：将具有四个卡块(14)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第五砌块(e)；将具有四个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第六砌块(f)；该连体式蜂巢护坡由若干第五砌块(e)和若干第六砌块(f)拼合组成；其中，每个第五砌块(e)与相邻的四个第六砌块(f)连接，每个第六砌块(f)与相邻的四个第五砌块(e)连接。
  15. 如权利要求9所述的连体式蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：该连体式蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块(2)，所述弧形挡块(2)的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔(21)，弧形挡块(2)的两端设置有与卡槽(15)相配合的卡齿(22)，或者开设有与卡块(14)相配合的安装槽(23)；
    各弧形挡块(2)替换掉位于该连体式蜂巢护坡外侧边沿的连体式蜂巢砌块，并通过卡齿(22)与对应的卡槽(15)连接，或者通过安装槽(23)与对应的卡块(14)连接。
  16. 基于权利要求9所述连体式蜂巢护坡的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S11.按照设计边坡坡度要求，进行边坡地基处理，使边坡表面平整、密实，形成符合设计边坡要求的基础面；
    步骤S12.在已完成的基础面上铺设土工布或级配碎石；
    步骤S13.铺设连体式蜂巢护坡砌块；
    步骤S14.在连体式蜂巢护坡表面摊铺一层天然土，然后在植生孔(3)和/或锚固孔(13)中种植适合当地气候环境的花草。
  17. 如权利要求16所述连体式蜂巢护坡的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤S13中，当边坡坡度＞1:1时，在各锚固孔(13)中对应插装一根锚钉。
  18. 基于权利要求1所述砌块的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：该连体式蜂巢挡土墙包括多层砌块层和多个锚固棒(4)；每层砌块层由若干连体式蜂巢砌块拼合组成，其中，各连体式蜂巢砌块均纵向设置，且每环形连接的四个连体式蜂巢砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔(3)；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间的锚固孔(13)相对设置，并通过锚固棒(4)固定。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：同一连体式蜂巢砌块的四个角块(11)中，两个角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(15)，两个角块(11)的外侧面设置有卡块(14)；其中，将两个卡块(14)位于同一块块体(1)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第一砌块(a)，将两个卡块(14)位于不同块体(1)的同一侧的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第二砌块(b)；每层砌块层由若干第一砌块(a)和若干第二砌块(b)拼合组成；
    每个第一砌块(a)与相邻的两个第二砌块(b)和两个第一砌块(a)连接，其中，第一砌块(a)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第二砌块(b)和一个第一砌块(a)连接；第一砌块(a)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第二砌块(b)和另一个第一砌块(a)连接，且与第一砌块(a)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称；
    每个第二砌块(b)与相邻的两个第二砌块(b)和两个第一砌块(a)连接，其中，第二砌块(b)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第二砌块(b)和一个第一砌块(a)连接；第二砌块(b)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第二砌块(b)和另一个第一砌块(a)连接，且与第二砌块(b)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：将具有三个卡块(14)、一个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块(c)；将具有一个卡块(14)、三个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块(d)；每层砌块层由若干第三砌块(c)和若干第四砌块(d)拼合组成；
    每个第三砌块(c)与相邻的两个第三砌块(c)和两个第四砌块(d)连接，其中，第三砌块(c)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第三砌块(c)和一个第四砌块(d)连接；第三砌块(c)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第三砌块(c)和另一个第四砌块(d)连接，且与第三砌块(c)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称；
    每个第四砌块(d)与相邻的两个第三砌块(c)和两个第四砌块(d)连接，其中，第四砌块(d)位于前侧的块体(1)，分别与一个第三砌块(c)和一个第四砌块(d)连接；第四砌块(d)位于后侧的块体(1)，分别与另一个第三砌块(c)和另一个第四砌块(d)连接，且与第四砌块(d)位于前侧的块体(1)反对称。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：将具有三个卡块(14)、一个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第三砌块(c)；将具有一个卡块(14)、三个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第四砌块(d)；每层砌块层由若干第三砌块(c)和若干第四砌块(d)拼合组成；其中，每个第三砌块(c)与相邻的四个第四砌块(d)连接，每个第四砌块(d)与相邻的四个第三砌块(c)连接。
  22. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：将具有四个卡块(14)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第五砌块(e)；将具有四个卡槽(15)的连体式蜂巢砌块设为第六砌块(f)；每层砌块层由若干第五砌块(e)和若干第六砌块(f)拼合组成；其中，每个第五砌块(e)与相邻的四个第六砌块(f)连接，每个第六砌块(f)与相邻的四个第五砌块(e)连接。
  23. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层连体式蜂巢砌块与下层对应的连体式蜂巢砌块的类型相同。
  24. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的底面、连接体(12)的底面均与块体(1)的底面平齐，且角块(11)的高度和连接体(12)的 高度，均大于或者小于块体(1)的高度；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块(11)与下层对应的角块(11)之间的空隙构成第一植生槽(5)；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层连接体(12)与下层对应的连接体(12)之间的空隙构成第二植生槽(6)。
  25. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块(2)，所述弧形挡块(2)的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔(21)，弧形挡块(2)的两端设置有与卡槽(15)相配合的卡齿(22)，或者开设有与卡块(14)相配合的安装槽(23)；
    各弧形挡块(2)替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的连体式蜂巢砌块，并通过卡齿(22)与对应的卡槽(15)连接，或者通过安装槽(23)与对应的卡块(14)连接。
  26. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述弧形挡块(2)的顶面中部向上凸起或者向下凹陷；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块(2)与下层对应的弧形挡块(2)之间的空隙构成缺口槽(24)。
  27. 如权利要求18所述的连体式蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述蜂巢格的植生孔(3)内设置有卸荷板(8)，该卸荷板(8)由两块半圆板(81)拼接而成，且每块半圆板(81)上设置有若干通孔(82)。
  28. 基于权利要求18所述连体式蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S21.按设计宽度和深度，开挖形成连体式蜂巢挡土墙的地基；
    步骤S22.在地基上浇筑厚150mm～300mm的钢筋混凝土板作为挡墙基础(7)，并在挡墙基础(7)上预留插筋，插筋的位置与后续砌筑的连体式蜂巢砌块中心的锚固孔(13)的位置相对应；
    步骤S23.在插筋位置绑扎1500mm～2500mm的锚固棒(4)；
    步骤S24.安装连体式蜂巢砌块至1500mm～2500mm的高度时，继续绑扎锚固棒(4) 以延长锚固棒(4)高度；
    步骤S25.重复步骤S24，直至达到连体式蜂巢挡土墙的预定高度；
    步骤S26.将连体式蜂巢砌块插有锚固棒(4)的锚固孔(13)用混凝土灌实；
    步骤S27.连体式蜂巢砌块所形成的植生孔(3)内进行土方回填并压实；
    步骤S28.根据景观要求，在连体式蜂巢挡土墙的垂直面和顶面上种植花草或灌木进行绿化。
PCT/CN2017/075921 2016-04-06 2017-03-08 一种连体式蜂巢砌块及其应用 WO2017173906A1 (zh)

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