WO2017098776A1 - Hydroponic culture member and hydroponic culture method - Google Patents
Hydroponic culture member and hydroponic culture method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017098776A1 WO2017098776A1 PCT/JP2016/078370 JP2016078370W WO2017098776A1 WO 2017098776 A1 WO2017098776 A1 WO 2017098776A1 JP 2016078370 W JP2016078370 W JP 2016078370W WO 2017098776 A1 WO2017098776 A1 WO 2017098776A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cultivation bed
- cultivation
- bed tank
- hydroponics
- nutrient solution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant for hydroponics of a plant and a method for hydroponics of a plant using the same, and more particularly, a hydroponic component that provides a good supply of oxygen to the roots even in the cultivation of plants with dense roots. And a hydroponics method.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-136311 discloses a hydroponics technique using a nutrient solution, and the cultivation is performed by supplying a nutrient solution that wets the water retention sheet laid on the bottom of the cultivation bed. Discloses a cultivation method capable of growing a stable crop.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-50754 discloses a method that enables adjustment between the bed body for hydroponics and the lid according to root growth. .
- the root group development layer area should be supplied with an appropriate amount of oxygen. It is difficult to supply. Cultivation of fruit vegetables and the like has a long cultivation period and is extremely dense in roots, so it is difficult to supply an appropriate amount of oxygen.
- roots that are densely formed into a mat shape hereinafter also referred to as “root groups”
- root groups are lower layers in contact with the nutrient solution in the root groups.
- root group development layer the growth of the roots was remarkable, and the roots developed so as to push up the whole root group.
- the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by effectively supplying oxygen to the root group development layer where the root growth is remarkable.
- the member for hydroponics of the present invention comprises a cultivation bed tank having a gradient on the bottom surface, and a fixed planting panel plate provided on the cultivation bed tank and having a plurality of planting holes drilled therein, A drainage groove is provided on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank. A hydrophilic sheet is disposed so as to cover the drainage groove, and a ventilation space is formed between the hydrophilic sheet and the bottom surface of the drainage groove.
- a seedling root pot is placed through the planting hole of the hydroponic cultivation member of the present invention, and the plant is grown by flowing the culture solution to the bottom of the cultivation bed tank.
- a convex member for seedling pot placement is disposed on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank below the planting hole, and the hydrophilic sheet overlaps the upper surface of the convex member. ing.
- This convex member may be integral with the cultivation bed tank or may be a separate body.
- the convex member is disposed across the drainage groove, and the lower side of the convex member is the ventilation space.
- the convex member is provided with an opening.
- a waterproof sheet is provided on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank, and the hydrophilic sheet is disposed on the upper side of the waterproof sheet.
- the member for hydroponics of the present invention has a planting panel plate having a number of planting holes formed on a cultivation bed tank having a gradient on the bottom surface, and has a drainage groove on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank. And the hydrophilic sheet
- the nutrient solution and oxygen can be efficiently supplied to the dense root group development layer through this ventilation space. Therefore, by using the member for hydroponics of the present invention, it is possible to sufficiently cultivate even a plant that grows quickly and easily becomes a root group.
- the member for hydroponics of the present invention preferably includes a waterproof sheet on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a member for hydroponics according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the member for hydroponics according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cultivation bed.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a convex member.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of the cultivation system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional perspective view showing a member for hydroponics according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a part thereof.
- FIG. 2 also shows roots that are concentrated from the seedling root pot.
- 3 and 4 are perspective views of the cultivation bed and the convex member.
- the member 1 for hydroponics has the cultivation bed tank 2 and the fixed planting panel board 3, the convex member 4, the waterproof sheet 5, and the hydrophilic sheet 6 made of foamed plastic such as foamed polystyrene.
- the cultivation bed tank 2 has a long box shape extending in one direction with the upper surface open, and has a U-shaped cross-sectional shape having a pair of long side walls 2 a and 2 a and a bottom plate portion 2 b. Have.
- intersection corner edge between the upper end surface and the inner side surface of the long side walls 2a, 2a is a notched step 2d, and the side edge of the planting panel 3 is engaged with this step 2d.
- a drainage groove 2e extends in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed tank 2 on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2b (the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2).
- the cultivation bed tank 2 of this embodiment is not provided with the gradient in the upper surface (bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2) of the baseplate part 2b, it is set as the form which installs the cultivation bed tank 2 main body with the gradient, It is good also as a form which gives the inclination to the upper surface (bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2) of the baseplate part 2b, and installs the cultivation bed tank 2 horizontally.
- only one drainage groove 2e is provided at the center in the width direction of the bottom plate portion 2b.
- the number of drainage grooves 2e may be two or more, depending on the required supply amount of nutrient solution and oxygen.
- the depth H 3 of the culvert. 2e can be appropriately set by the slope of the amount and cultivation bed vessel nutrient solution supplied, sufficient space for supplying the oxygen in depth and moisture flowing nutrient solution L Should be secured.
- the depth H 3 of the drainage groove 2e is preferably 10 to 50 mm, more preferably 15 to 40 mm, and further preferably 15 to 35 mm.
- Culvert 2e width W 1 of can be appropriately set by the slope of the amount and cultivation bed vessel nutrient solution supplied, a sufficient space for supplying the oxygen in depth and moisture flowing nutrient solution L
- the width may be secured.
- the width W 1 of the drain groove 2e is preferably 30 to 200 mm, more preferably 40 to 180 mm, and still more preferably 50 to 150 mm.
- the length of the cultivation bed tank 2 and the fixed planting panel 3 is, for example, about 1000 to 3000 mm, but is not limited thereto.
- the planting panel 3 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 3a at intervals in the longitudinal direction.
- the planting hole 3 a is located above the convex member 4.
- only one drainage groove 2e is provided and the rows of planting holes 3a are also one row.
- a plurality of drainage grooves 2e may be provided, and a plurality of rows of planting holes 3a may be provided.
- the positions of the drainage groove 2e and the planting hole 3a are not necessarily on the same line.
- the waterproof sheet 5 is provided so as to cover the upper and inner surfaces of the long side walls 2a, 2a of the cultivation bed 2, the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2b, the bottom surface and both side surfaces of the drainage groove 2e.
- the convex member 4 is provided so as to straddle the drainage groove 2e.
- the convex member 4 has a substantially semi-cylindrical body portion 4c, and flange portions 4a project outwardly from both sides in the longitudinal direction of the body portion 4c.
- a plurality of openings 4b are provided in the vicinity of the flange 4a at intervals in the longitudinal direction.
- the main body 4c is not limited to a semi-cylindrical shape, but may have a cross-sectional shape such as a semi-elliptical shape or a downward U-shape.
- the shape of the opening 4b is not particularly limited as long as it allows the nutrient solution and air to pass therethrough, and may be, for example, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a slit shape.
- the position of the opening 4b is not particularly limited, but the opening 4b is preferably installed at a height of 5 to 50 mm, particularly 5 to 40 mm, especially 5 to 30 mm from the flange portion 4a.
- the convex member 4 is arranged so that the main body portion 4c straddles the drainage groove 2e and the flange portions 4a, 4a extend along the edge of the drainage groove 2e.
- a communication portion 4d through which liquid and air pass is formed between the flange portion 4a and the waterproof sheet 5 below the flange portion 4a due to the bending of the convex member 4 or the wrinkles of the waterproof sheet 5.
- a spacer may be arranged, or a protrusion may be provided on the lower surface of the flange portion 4a.
- a space surrounded by the convex member 4 and the drainage groove 2e is a ventilation space 8.
- the height of the convex member 4 is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate depending on the height of the space S between the cultivation bed tank 2 and the planting panel board 3 and the plant to be cultivated.
- the height H 1 from the top of the member 4 to the lower surface of the planting panel 3 is preferably 20 to 100 mm, more preferably 20 to 80 mm.
- Height H 2 of between the bottom plate portion 2b and the planting panel plate 3 Cultivation bet tank 2, type of the plant to be cultivated, can be appropriately set by the duration of cultivation, considering the cost of the productivity and material Then, it is preferable to set it as about 50 mm-150 mm.
- the hydrophilic sheet 6 is provided so as to cover the upper end surface and inner side surface of the long side wall 2a of the cultivation bed 2, the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2b other than the drainage groove 2e, and the upper surface of the convex member 4.
- the hydrophilic sheet 6 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that allows air to permeate and pump up the liquid by capillary action and does not allow the root to pass therethrough.
- a nonwoven fabric, paper, cloth, etc. are mentioned.
- As this hydrophilic sheet a commercially available “root cutting sheet” or the like can be used.
- a plurality of the nutrient solution cultivation members 1 configured as described above are abutted to form a cultivation bed tank row 10 (FIG. 5) having a length of 10 to 100 m.
- the waterproof sheet 5 is continuously laid across the cultivation bed tanks 2. Thereby, the water leak from the butt
- the seedling pot 7 is placed on the convex member 4 through the planting hole 3a of the fixed planting panel 3 placed on each cultivation bed tank 2, and the plant is grown by flowing the culture solution on the bottom surface 2b of the cultivation bed tank 2. .
- the root 7r (FIG. 2) extends from the seedling pot 7 to the growth space S surrounded by the long side edges 2a, 2a, the bottom plate portion 2b, and the fixed planting panel 3.
- the convex member 4 By using the convex member 4, the growth space S between the cultivation bed tank 2 and the planting panel board 3 can be made moderate, and the seedling pot 7 is not washed by the flow of the nutrient solution. Therefore, the culture medium of the seedling root pot 7 is prevented from collapsing or flowing out of the culture medium.
- the flow of the nutrient solution flowing through the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2 is hindered by the growth of the root of the plant to be cultivated or the nutrient solution is retained. Can be suppressed. That is, the retention of the nutrient solution can be suppressed by flowing the retained nutrient solution into the drainage groove 2e, the root of the plant to be cultivated is submerged in the nutrient solution, and oxygen deficiency is suppressed, and An appropriate amount of nutrient solution can be supplied to the roots of the plant.
- roots having two different forms and functions: an underwater root grown in water and a wet root maintained in moisture and having numerous root hairs.
- Underwater roots mainly absorb fertilizer and water in the nutrient solution, and wet roots mainly absorb oxygen directly from the moisture.
- the root group of the plant grown by the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a root group having three regions: a region occupied by a lot of underwater roots, a region occupied by a lot of roots in moisture, and a region where a mixture of roots in water and moisture is mixed. It can be. Furthermore, by supplying oxygen efficiently to the area where aquatic roots and wet roots coexist and to the area occupied by a lot of underwater roots, it is possible to suppress the shortage of dissolved oxygen even when the roots are densely grown. The amount can be increased.
- the member for hydroponics of the present invention is particularly suitable for thin film hydroponics (hereinafter also referred to as “NFT”) in which the water depth is shallow and oxygen supply to the root is easy.
- NFT thin film hydroponics
- the present invention is preferable for the cultivation of fruit vegetables with many roots, more preferably used for the cultivation of cucurbitaceae plants, and more preferably for the cultivation of cucumbers.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the hydroponic system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- a plurality of cultivation bed tanks 1 are connected in series in the house to form a cultivation bed tank row 10, and a plurality of cultivation bed tank rows 10 (four rows in the drawing) are arranged to form a cultivation bed tank group. 20 and a plurality of cultivation bed tank groups 20 are installed in parallel.
- a plurality of cultivation bed tanks 1 are arranged in series, and a waterproof sheet 5 is laid across each cultivation bed tank 1. Thereby, the water leak from the butt
- the number of cultivation bed tanks 1 constituting one cultivation bed tank row 10 is about 5 to 100, but is not limited thereto.
- Each cultivation bed tank row 10 is installed with a gradient of about 1/80 to 1/200 so as to have a running water gradient from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction.
- One child tank 33 is attached to one cultivation bed tank group 20.
- This nutrient solution cultivation system has a parent tank 26 for storing the nutrient solution.
- Liquid fertilizer and water are supplied to the parent tank 26 from the pipes 24, 25 with the supply control valves 24a, 25a, and a nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration is prepared.
- a nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration prepared in the parent tank 26 is distributed and supplied to each child tank 33 via a pump 27, a pipe 28, a three-way valve 29, a flow meter 30 and a ball tap 31.
- a water supply pipe 32 is connected to the three-way valve 29, and water from the pipe 32 can be supplied to the child tank 33 by switching the three-way valve 29.
- the liquid in the child tank 33 is supplied to each cultivation bed tank row 10 via the pump 34, the pipe 35 and the valve 36.
- the nutrient solution having a uniform concentration prepared in the parent tank 26 can be always supplied to each cultivation bed tank row 10. it can.
- the nutrient solution used in one cultivation bed tank group 20 is returned to the child tank 33 of the cultivation bed tank group 20 through the pipe 37 to circulate the nutrient solution.
- the nutrient solution or water from the pipe 32 is additionally supplied from the parent tank 26 by the ball tap 31, and the liquid level of the nutrient solution in the child tank 33 is kept constant.
- the nutrient solution cultivated in the child tank 33 can be managed in a relatively small amount.
- the nutrient solution used in one cultivation bed tank group 20 is discarded and cultivation is started with a new nutrient solution.
- each cultivation bed tank group 20 includes cleaning (cleaning after harvesting is finished) in other cultivation bed tank groups 20 while continuing cultivation in some cultivation bed tank groups 20. For each, the process can proceed separately.
- the fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution circulating through the child tank 33 and the cultivation bed tank row 10 by switching from the nutrient solution supply to the water supply in the later stage of cultivation of leaf vegetables and fruit vegetables grown in each cultivation bed tank group 20 Can be reduced.
- nitric acid in the plant body When nitric acid in the plant body is taken into the human body, it combines with amide nitrogen to produce nitrosamines.
- the nitric acid concentration in the plant body By lowering the fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution in the later stage of cultivation, the nitric acid concentration in the plant body can be reduced.
- the burden on the environment can be greatly reduced even when the nutrient solution is discarded after harvesting is completed. Can do.
- Example 1 1 to 4 are arranged in series to form a cultivation bed tank row 10 having a length of 10 m, and four cultivation bed tanks 10 are arranged in parallel to constitute a cultivation bed vessel group 20.
- One group of this cultivation bed tank group 20 was installed, and the cultivation system shown in FIG. 5 was comprised.
- cucumbers were cultivated under the following conditions.
- As the nutrient solution a nutrient solution concentration of EC 2.0 dS / m and a nutrient solution temperature of 20 ° C. were used. The results of the harvest are shown in Table 1.
- Cultivated area 60m 2 Number of shares: 80 shares (0.75m 2 / share)
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Abstract
Description
図1~4に示す栽培ベット槽1を5個直列に配列して長さ10mの栽培ベット槽列10を構成し、これを4列並設して栽培ベット槽群20を構成した。この栽培ベット槽群20を1群設置し、図5に示す栽培システムを構成した。このシステムを用い、下記条件にてキュウリを栽培した。養液としては、養液濃度をEC2.0dS/m、養液温度を20℃に設定したものを用いた。収穫の結果を表1に示す。 [Example 1]
1 to 4 are arranged in series to form a cultivation
株数:80株(0.75m2/株)
栽培ベット槽の大きさ
H1:50mm
H2:100mm
H3:20mm
W1:100mm
W2:400mm
栽培ベット槽の勾配:1/100
養液の供給量:10リットル/min Cultivated area: 60m 2
Number of shares: 80 shares (0.75m 2 / share)
Cultivation bed tank size H 1 : 50 mm
H 2: 100mm
H 3 : 20 mm
W 1 : 100 mm
W 2 : 400 mm
Gradient of cultivation bed tank: 1/100
Feed volume of nutrient solution: 10 liters / min
本出願は、2015年12月7日付で出願された日本特許出願2015-238746に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。 Although the present invention has been described in detail using specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-238746 filed on December 7, 2015, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
2 栽培ベット
2b 底面
2e 排水溝
3 定植パネル板
3a 植え穴
4 凸状部材
4b 開口
4d 連通部
5 防水性シート
6 親水性シート
7 苗根鉢
8 通気スペース
10 栽培ベット槽列
20 栽培ベット槽群
26 親タンク
29 三方弁
30 流量計
31 ボールタップ DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (8)
- 底面に勾配をもたせた栽培ベット槽と、
該栽培ベット槽の上に配置された、複数の植え穴が穿設された定植パネル板とを有し、
前記栽培ベット槽の底面に排水溝が設けられている養液栽培用部材において、
該排水溝に被さるように親水性シートが配置され、
該親水性シートと該排水溝の底面との間に通気スペースが形成されていることを特徴とする養液栽培用部材。 A cultivation bed tank with a gradient on the bottom,
A fixed planting panel with a plurality of planting holes disposed on the cultivation bed tank;
In the member for hydroponics where a drainage groove is provided on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank,
A hydrophilic sheet is disposed so as to cover the drainage groove,
A member for hydroponics, wherein a ventilation space is formed between the hydrophilic sheet and the bottom surface of the drainage groove. - 前記植え穴の下方の前記栽培ベット槽の底面上に、苗根鉢載置用の凸状部材が配置され、前記親水性シートは、該凸状部材の上面に重なっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の養液栽培用部材。 A convex member for seedling root pot placement is disposed on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank below the planting hole, and the hydrophilic sheet overlaps the upper surface of the convex member. The member for hydroponics according to claim 1.
- 前記凸状部材は、前記排水溝を跨いで配置されており、
該凸状部材の下側が前記通気スペースとなっていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の養液栽培用部材。 The convex member is disposed across the drainage groove,
The member for hydroponics according to claim 2, wherein the lower side of the convex member is the ventilation space. - 前記栽培ベッド槽の底面と前記凸状部材との当接部に、水及び気体の通過が可能な連通部が存在することを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の養液栽培用部材。 The member for hydroponics according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a communicating portion capable of passing water and gas is present at a contact portion between a bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank and the convex member.
- 前記凸状部材に開口が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項2ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の養液栽培用部材。 The member for hydroponics according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein an opening is provided in the convex member.
- 前記栽培ベット槽の底面に防水性シートが設けられ、前記親水性シートは防水性シートの上側に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の養液栽培用部材。 The hydroponic culture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a waterproof sheet is provided on a bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank, and the hydrophilic sheet is disposed on an upper side of the waterproof sheet. Materials.
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の養液栽培用部材の前記植え穴を通して苗根鉢を配置し、前記栽培ベット槽の底面に培養液を流して植物を生育させることを特徴とする養液栽培方法。 A seedling root pot is arranged through the planting hole of the member for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the plant is grown by flowing a culture solution to the bottom of the cultivation bed tank. Hydroponics method to do.
- 前記植物はウリ科の植物であることを特徴とする養液栽培方法。 The hydroponics method, wherein the plant is a cucurbitaceae plant.
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AU2016365988A AU2016365988A1 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2016-09-27 | Hydroponic culture member and hydroponic culture method |
CN202010212050.1A CN111328693B (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2016-09-27 | Thin film hydroponic culture member and thin film hydroponic culture method |
CN201680068033.7A CN108289426B (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2016-09-27 | Nutriculture member and nutriculture method |
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- 2016-09-27 WO PCT/JP2016/078370 patent/WO2017098776A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-27 AU AU2016365988A patent/AU2016365988A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-27 CN CN202010212050.1A patent/CN111328693B/en active Active
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US11116156B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2021-09-14 | Upward Enterprises Inc. | Stacked shallow water culture (SSWC) growing systems, apparatus and methods |
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WO2019225535A1 (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2019-11-28 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Member for nutriculture, nutriculture method and nutriculture system |
JP2019205426A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2019-12-05 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Nutriculture member, method and system |
CN112105255A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2020-12-18 | 三菱化学农业梦想株式会社 | Nutriculture member, nutriculture method, and nutriculture system |
CN112105255B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2022-09-27 | 三菱化学水解决方案株式会社 | Nutriculture member, nutriculture method, and nutriculture system |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2016365988A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
CN111328693A (en) | 2020-06-26 |
CN108289426A (en) | 2018-07-17 |
CN108289426B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
JP2017104023A (en) | 2017-06-15 |
JP6657884B2 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
CN111328693B (en) | 2022-11-01 |
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