WO2017068814A1 - 電力変換装置及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
電力変換装置及びその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 73
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 48
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device and a control method thereof.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-205346 filed on Oct. 19, 2015, and incorporates all the description content described in the above Japanese application.
- a power converter including a booster circuit (DC / DC converter) and an inverter circuit is used.
- the voltage of a DC power source is boosted by a booster circuit to a constant voltage higher than the peak voltage on the AC side, and then the voltage is converted into an AC voltage by an inverter circuit.
- the booster circuit and the inverter circuit always perform a high-speed switching operation. Therefore, switching loss occurs in each switching element, and iron loss occurs in the reactor. These losses are factors that hinder the improvement of conversion efficiency.
- the voltage of the DC power supply is always compared with the absolute value of the instantaneous voltage on the AC side, the booster circuit is switched only during the period that requires boosting, and the inverter circuit is switched only during the period that requires stepping down.
- Such a control has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). According to such control, a pause period of the switching operation can be made in the booster circuit and the inverter circuit. If the idle period is made, the switching loss and the iron loss of the reactor are suppressed accordingly, which contributes to the improvement of the conversion efficiency.
- the present invention is a power conversion device that performs DC / AC power conversion through an intermediate bus, a first DC / DC converter provided between a first DC power supply or load and the intermediate bus, and a DC A second DC / DC converter provided between a side capacitor and the intermediate bus; an intermediate capacitor connected to the intermediate bus; a DC / AC converter provided between the intermediate bus and an AC system; A control unit that controls the first DC / DC converter, the second DC / DC converter, and the DC / AC converter, wherein the control unit mainly generates a reactive current flowing through the intermediate bus. It is a power converter device for setting a current command value supplied by the second DC / DC converter.
- a first DC / DC converter provided between the first DC power supply or load and the intermediate bus, and a second DC / DC provided between the DC capacitor and the intermediate bus.
- the control method of the power conversion apparatus wherein the reactive current flowing through the intermediate bus is set to the current command value supplied mainly by the second DC / DC converter.
- FIG. 2 As a verification example 2 (before current smoothing), a waveform about a power converter that discharges a storage battery in a state where there is no power generation of the solar power generation panel (including a case where the solar power generation panel is not connected).
- FIG. 2 (after current smoothing) a waveform of a power conversion device that discharges a storage battery in a state where there is no power generation of the solar power generation panel (including a case where the solar power generation panel is not connected).
- FIG. It is a wave form diagram about the power converter which is charging the storage battery in the state where there is power generation of a photovoltaic power generation panel as verification example 3 (before current smoothing).
- FIG. 22 is a waveform diagram of an alternating current I a , an output current Ip of a photovoltaic power generation panel, and an output current Ib of a storage battery under the condition of FIG. 21 as Verification Example 7 (after current smoothing).
- the DC power supply is a storage battery
- the output impedance is smaller than that of the photovoltaic power generation panel.
- the reactive current cannot be absorbed only by the capacitor. Therefore, a reactive current flows through the storage battery, and an electric path between the storage battery and the power conversion device and a loss generated inside the storage battery increase. Such a loss becomes a factor that hinders improvement in conversion efficiency.
- the gist of the embodiment of the present invention includes at least the following.
- This is a power conversion device that performs DC / AC power conversion via an intermediate bus, and a first DC / DC converter provided between a first DC power source or a load and the intermediate bus; A second DC / DC converter provided between the DC side capacitor and the intermediate bus, an intermediate capacitor connected to the intermediate bus, and a DC / AC converter provided between the intermediate bus and the AC system And a control unit that controls the first DC / DC converter, the second DC / DC converter, and the DC / AC converter, The control unit is a power conversion device that sets a reactive current flowing in the intermediate bus as a setting of a current command value supplied mainly by the second DC / DC converter.
- the first DC / DC converter can reduce the reactive current and flow mainly the effective current. it can. Thereby, the peak value of the current of the first DC / DC converter can be suppressed, the conversion efficiency can be increased, and a more compact size can be realized.
- the control unit has a total power of the power passing through the first DC / DC converter and the power passing through the second DC / DC converter. , And control to match the total power of the reactive power related to the intermediate capacitor and the power appearing on the AC side of the DC / AC converter.
- the DC power viewed from the intermediate bus and the AC power including the intermediate capacitor coincide with each other.
- the power on the DC side does not become excessive power exceeding the power on the AC side. Therefore, the first DC / DC converter and the second DC / DC converter perform a minimum switching operation including an idle period, and the DC / AC converter performs a minimum switching operation including an idle period. Become.
- a filter circuit including an AC reactor and an AC capacitor on the AC side is provided on the AC side of the DC / AC converter, and the filter circuit is connected to an AC system.
- the control unit is configured such that the sum of the power of the AC system and the power of the AC-side capacitor matches the power transferred between the AC reactor and the DC / AC converter. It may be controlled as described above. In this case, it is possible to make the power coincide with each other in consideration of the filter circuit. In other words, the control unit performs control in consideration of the influence of the filter circuit.
- the DC-side capacitor may be an element that closes a DC-side termination circuit.
- the second DC / DC converter in this case does not need to pass an effective current, and exists only for supplying a reactive current. Therefore, the circuit configuration is suitable for preventing the reactive current from being borne by the first DC / DC converter.
- a second DC power supply may be connected in parallel to both ends of the DC-side capacitor.
- the second DC / DC converter can flow not only the reactive current but also the effective current.
- a switch that can be opened and closed by the control unit may be provided between the DC-side capacitor and the second DC power supply.
- the second DC / DC converter can be used only for flowing reactive current, and when the switch is closed, not only reactive current but also effective current can flow.
- the reactive current flowing through the first DC / DC converter becomes 0, and the second DC A current command value is set so that the DC converter supplies all reactive currents.
- the peak value of the current of the first DC / DC converter can be suppressed most, the conversion efficiency can be increased, and compactness can be realized.
- the control unit is configured to control currents flowing through the first DC / DC converter and the second DC / DC converter, respectively.
- the reactive currents of the first DC / DC converter and the second DC / DC converter are controlled by setting a current command value so that the peak value is minimized. In this case, the current capacities of the two DC / DC converters can be minimized.
- control unit is configured to control currents flowing through the first DC / DC converter and the second DC / DC converter, respectively.
- the reactive currents of the first DC / DC converter and the second DC / DC converter are controlled by setting a current command value so that the mean square value is minimized. In this case, the resistance loss of the two DC / DC converters can be minimized.
- the control unit includes the second DC / DC so that a voltage across the DC-side capacitor matches a voltage of the first DC power supply or a load.
- the reactive current of the DC converter is controlled by setting the current command value.
- the second DC / DC converter to which no DC power source or load is connected can be switched at the same timing as the first DC / DC converter. Therefore, the switching operation period of the second DC / DC converter can be minimized.
- the setting of the current command value for supplying the reactive current is a term that depends on time when the current flowing through the intermediate bus is expressed by a mathematical expression. Is to allocate a part or all of By setting the current command value in this way, it is possible to freely set the burden of reactive current by the first DC / DC converter and the second DC / DC converter.
- a first DC / DC converter provided between the first DC power supply or load and the intermediate bus, and a second DC provided between the DC capacitor and the intermediate bus.
- the reactive current flowing through the intermediate bus is mainly set to a current command value supplied by the second DC / DC converter.
- the second DC / DC converter mainly takes over the reactive current. Therefore, the first DC / DC converter reduces the reactive current and is mainly effective. Current can flow. Thereby, the peak value of the current of the first DC / DC converter can be suppressed, the conversion efficiency can be increased, and a more compact size can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a single-line connection diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power conversion device 50 connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- the power conversion device 50 performs power conversion from direct current to alternating current, and is connected to the DC / DC converter 1 as a booster circuit and an intermediate bus (DC bus) 6 to the DC / DC converter 1.
- a DC / AC converter 8 is provided as an inverter circuit.
- the DC / DC converter 1 is provided via a DC-side capacitor 4 between a photovoltaic power generation panel 3P as a DC power supply and the intermediate bus 6.
- An intermediate capacitor 7 is connected to the intermediate bus 6.
- the DC / AC converter 8 is provided between the intermediate bus 6 and the AC system via an AC capacitor 9.
- This power conversion device 50 always compares the voltage that can be drawn from the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P with the absolute value of the instantaneous voltage on the AC side, and causes the DC / DC converter 1 to perform a switching operation only during a period that requires boosting.
- the AC converter 8 is controlled by a minimum switching method in which the switching operation is performed only during a period in which the step-down is necessary. According to such control, the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / AC converter 8 can have a pause period for the switching operation. If the idle period is made, the switching loss and the iron loss of the reactor are suppressed accordingly, so that the conversion efficiency is improved.
- a pulsating current including a reactive current as shown in the left waveform in the figure simply flows through the DC / DC converter 1.
- the current output from the power converter 50 to the AC system is a sinusoidal current synchronized with the commercial power system, as indicated by the right waveform in the figure.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a circuit diagram of the power conversion device 50 of FIG. Portions corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a power converter 50 includes a filter circuit 14 and a control unit 20 in addition to the above-described DC-side capacitor 4, DC / DC converter 1, intermediate capacitor 7, DC / AC converter 8, and a sensor described later for measurement. It has a kind.
- the DC / DC converter 1 is a step-up (step-down) chopper provided with a direct current reactor 11 and a pair of switching elements Q11 and Q12.
- switching elements Q11 and Q12 for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is used. Diodes d11 and d12 are connected to switching elements Q11 and Q12, respectively, in parallel and opposite polarities.
- FET Field Effect Transistor
- the DC / AC converter 8 includes four switching elements Q81, Q82, Q83, and Q84 that form a full bridge.
- the filter circuit 14 includes an AC reactor 13 and an AC side capacitor 9, and prevents high frequency components included in the AC output of the DC / AC converter 8 from leaking into the AC system 17.
- the AC system 17 includes an AC load 15 and a commercial power system 16.
- Examples of the sensors include a voltage sensor 31 that detects a voltage (V g ) across the DC capacitor 4, a current sensor 33 that detects a current (I in ) flowing through the DC / DC converter 1, and an intermediate capacitor 7.
- a voltage sensor 35 that detects the voltage across both ends, that is, the voltage (V o ) between the two lines of the intermediate bus 6, a current sensor 36 that detects a current (I inv ) flowing through the AC side of the DC / AC converter 8, And a voltage sensor 37 for detecting the voltage across the two.
- the measurement output signals of all sensors are sent to the control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 performs switching control of the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / AC converter 8.
- the control unit 20 includes, for example, a CPU, and realizes necessary control functions by causing a computer to execute software (computer program).
- the software is stored in a storage device (not shown) of the control unit 20.
- FIG. 3 is a single-line connection diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the power conversion device 50 connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- the same parts as those in FIG. 1 is that two systems on the direct current side from the intermediate bus 6 are provided.
- a second DC / DC converter 2 is provided between the DC-side capacitor 5 and the intermediate bus 6 separately from the first DC / DC converter 1.
- a DC power source is not connected to the second DC / DC converter 2.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a circuit diagram of the power conversion device 50 of FIG. Parts corresponding to those in FIGS. 2 and 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the second DC / DC converter 2 is a step-up (step-down) chopper provided with a direct current reactor 12 and a pair of switching elements Q21 and Q22.
- the switching elements Q21 and Q22 for example, an IGBT is used.
- Diodes d21 and d22 are connected to switching elements Q21 and Q22, respectively, in parallel and opposite polarities.
- FETs can also be used as the switching elements Q21 and Q22.
- the voltage across the DC capacitor 5 is detected by the voltage sensor 32, and the measurement signal is sent to the control unit 20.
- the current flowing through the DC / DC converter 2 is detected by the current sensor 34, and the measurement signal is sent to the control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 passes the power passing through the first DC / DC converter 1 and the second DC / DC converter 2.
- the total power is controlled so as to match the total power of the reactive power related to the intermediate capacitor 7 and the power appearing on the AC side of the DC / AC converter 8. That is, in this case, the DC power viewed from the intermediate bus 6 and the AC power including the intermediate capacitor 7 match each other. In other words, the power on the DC side does not become excessive power exceeding the power on the AC side. Therefore, the first DC / DC converter 1 and the second DC / DC converter 2 perform a minimum switching operation including an idle period, and the DC / AC converter 8 performs a minimum switching operation including an idle period. Will do.
- control unit 20 causes the total power of the power delivered to the AC system 17 and the power of the AC side capacitor 9 to match the power delivered between the AC reactor 13 and the DC / AC converter 8. To control. As a result, the power can be matched even when the filter circuit 14 is considered. In other words, the control unit 20 performs control in consideration of the influence of the filter circuit 14.
- the DC-side capacitor 5 is an element that closes the DC-side termination circuit.
- the first DC / DC converter 1 passes an effective current
- the second DC / DC converter 2 passes an invalid current.
- the second DC / DC converter 2 in this case does not need to flow an effective current, and exists only to flow a reactive current.
- Such a configuration is a suitable circuit configuration for preventing the reactive current from being borne by the first DC / DC converter 1.
- the first DC / DC converter 1 in which the reactive current does not flow can increase the conversion efficiency as compared with the case where the reactive current flows. Further, the peak value and effective value of the current flowing through the first DC / DC converter 1 can be suppressed, and the configuration can be further reduced.
- the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P can be replaced with a storage battery 3B.
- the storage battery 3B is a direct current power source when discharged, and becomes a load when charged.
- control unit 20 controls the minimum switching method.
- the theory of the minimum switching method will be described.
- various quantities are defined as follows, including those already mentioned.
- V a AC system voltage detected by the voltage sensor 37 I * a : AC current command value to be supplied to the AC system 17 I inv : AC current detected by the current sensor 36
- C a Capacitance of the AC side capacitor 9 I * inv : current command value to be passed from the DC / AC converter 8 to the AC reactor 13
- V * inv voltage command value on the AC side of the DC / AC converter 8
- R * inv resistance component of the DC / AC converter 8
- L inv Inductance of AC reactor 13 I * in : Current command value to be passed through DC reactor 11 (12) of DC / DC converter 1 (2) I in : DC current detected by current sensor 33 (34)
- Pressure command value V o: the intermediate voltage V g is detected by the voltage sensor 35: current voltage R * in is detected by the voltage sensor 31: DC / DC converter 1 (2) of the resistance component L inv: DC reactor 11 (12
- the amount that changes with time t is expressed as a function of time in the following equation. Note that the difference between the character fonts below (solid / italic) has no meaning, and the same characters represent the same amount (the same applies hereinafter).
- I * inv and V * inv without time (t) included in equation (5) represent the amplitude of the sine wave.
- Formula (5) can be further transformed into the following formula (6).
- Equation (6) is a constant value that does not depend on time, and this is an effective current. That is, the equation (7) representing the effective current I * in_a is as follows.
- the symbol ⁇ > represents an average value in parentheses.
- subscripts in I * inv _ i for example, the current command value current command value corresponding to the DC / DC converter 1 corresponds to I * inv _ 1, DC / DC converter 2 and I * inv _ 2 Represents that.
- the effective current is equal to the effective value of I * inv and V * inv divided by the DC input voltage Vg, and when there are a plurality of DC / DC converters, the current derived from each converter It can be expressed by a linear combination of I * inv_i .
- Equation (6) is a reactive current having a frequency twice as high as the AC frequency. That is, Expression (8) representing the reactive current I * in_r (t) is as follows.
- the effective value of the reactive current is the root mean square (rms) of the equation (8), and is represented by the following equation (9). This is (1 / ⁇ 2) times the effective current.
- the effective value of the current is expressed by the following equation (10). That is, this is (3/2) 1/2 times the effective current.
- the DC / DC converter 1 can be expressed by the equation (7). Only the effective current can be passed. Thereby, the peak value of the current of the DC / DC converter 1 is halved as compared with the configuration of FIG. Furthermore, since the low-frequency pulsating flow does not flow through the DC / DC converter 1, the capacitance of the DC-side capacitor 4 can be reduced.
- the current command value I * inv of the DC / AC converter 8 is divided into I * inv_i so as to correspond to a plurality of DC / DC converters.
- the capacitance of the intermediate capacitor 7 is divided to correspond to a plurality of DC / DC converters and becomes Co_i .
- the current command value I * in1 of the DC / DC converter 1 obtained by the equation (11) is used as the AC component cycle T (the AC cycle output by the DC / AC converter 8).
- the effective current component I * in1_a is obtained by averaging in 1/2).
- the current command value I * imm1 of the DC / DC converter 1 in which the reactive current component is reduced can be obtained by the following equation (14), where u is a number in the range of 0 to 1.
- the current command value I * inm2 of the DC / DC converter 2 that bears the reactive current is obtained by substituting u ⁇ I * in1_r into I * in2 obtained by the expression (11) as shown in the following expression (15). Obtained by adding.
- I * in2 is 0 when the DC power supply is not connected to the DC / DC converter 2. Further, when the value of u is 1, I * inm2 becomes I * in1_r , and only the DC / DC converter 1 supplies the reactive current component.
- the value of u is determined in consideration of the size, cost, conversion efficiency, and the like of the power conversion device 50. It can also be changed depending on the operating conditions.
- the DC / DC converter 2 mainly supplies the reactive current flowing through the intermediate bus 6 according to the equations (14) and (15). That is, in such a power conversion device 50, since the DC / DC converter 2 mainly takes over the reactive current, the DC / DC converter 1 can reduce the reactive current and flow mainly the effective current. . Thereby, the peak value of the current of the DC / DC converter 1 can be suppressed, the conversion efficiency can be increased, and further downsizing can be realized.
- the reactive current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 can be controlled so that the peak value of the current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 is minimized.
- the power conversion device 50 can be reduced in size.
- the reactive current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 can be controlled so that the mean square of the current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 is minimized.
- the power conversion device 50 can be made highly efficient.
- control unit 20 controls the reactive current of the DC / DC converter 2 so that the voltage across the DC capacitor 5 matches the voltage of the DC power source, that is, the voltage of the DC capacitor 4.
- the DC / DC converter 2 that is not connected to the DC power supply can be switched at the same timing as the DC / DC converter 1. Therefore, the switching operation period of the DC / DC converter 2 can be minimized.
- FIG. 5 is a single-line connection diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power conversion device 50 connected to the storage battery 3B.
- a storage battery 3B is connected to the DC / DC converter 1 instead of the photovoltaic power generation panel.
- the reactive current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 is controlled so that the reactive current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 becomes zero. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a reactive current from flowing through the storage battery 3B.
- FIG. 6 is a single-line connection diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the power conversion device 50 connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P and the storage battery 3B.
- the storage battery 3B is connected to the DC / DC converter 2 in a system different from the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P, and switches 21 and 22 are provided.
- the switch 21 is provided between the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P and the DC / DC converter 1.
- the switch 22 is provided between the storage battery 3 ⁇ / b> B and the DC / DC converter 2.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a circuit diagram of the power conversion device 50 corresponding to FIG.
- the difference from FIG. 4 is that the above switches 21 and 22 are provided and that the storage battery 3B is connected to the DC / DC converter 2.
- the switches 21 and 22 can be opened or closed by the control unit 20.
- the switches 21 and 22 for example, relay contacts can be used.
- the switch 21 when the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P generates power and the storage battery 3B is not operating, the switch 21 is closed and the switch 22 is opened.
- the DC / DC converter 2 can be used for reactive current supply. By causing the reactive current to flow through the DC / DC converter 2 without flowing the reactive current through the storage battery 3B, the peak value of the current flowing through the DC / DC converters 1 and 2 or the mean square of the current can be minimized. .
- FIG. 8 is a single-line connection diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the power conversion device 50 connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P and the storage battery 3B.
- the difference from FIG. 6 is that the open / close states of the switches 21 and 22 are reversed.
- the switch 21 is opened and the switch 22 is closed.
- the solar cell is prevented from being turned on by the voltage of the DC-side capacitor 4, and at the same time, the reactive current is caused to flow to the DC / DC converter 2 and the storage battery 3B by flowing the reactive current to the DC / DC converter 1. Can be prevented from flowing.
- FIG. 9 is a single-line connection diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the power conversion device 50 connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P and the storage battery 3B.
- the difference from FIGS. 6 and 8 is that both the switches 21 and 22 are closed.
- the switches 21 and 22 are both closed as described above.
- the reactive current of the DC / DC converter 1 is controlled so that the reactive current flowing through the DC / DC converter 2 becomes zero. In this way, it is possible to prevent a reactive current from flowing through the storage battery 3B.
- the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P when the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P is generating power and the storage battery 3B is being charged, the reactive current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 is canceled out, so that the current flows through the converters 1 and 2. The peak value of the current is reduced. Therefore, when the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P is generating electric power, the storage battery 3B does not discharge, and if only charging is performed, the current capacities of the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / DC converter 2 can be reduced. Therefore, the power converter 50 can be reduced in size and weight.
- the DC / DC converter 2 can be used only for passing a reactive current when the switch 22 is opened, and is effective not only for the reactive current when the switch 22 is closed. Current can also flow.
- the DC / DC converter 1 can be used only for flowing reactive current, and when the switch 21 is closed, not only reactive current but also effective current can flow.
- FIG. 10 and 11 show waveforms of the power conversion device 50 that charges the storage battery 3B in a state where there is no power generation of the solar power generation panel 3P (including the case where the solar power generation panel 3P is not connected).
- the charging power is 2 kW
- the power received from the AC system 17 is 2 kW
- the voltage of the storage battery 3B is 200V.
- FIG. 10 shows a case where the above-described control relating to the reactive current is not performed
- FIG. 11 shows a case where the control is performed.
- the alternating current Ia and the total distortion THD are as follows.
- I a 9.53 Arms
- THD 6.0%
- I a 9.46 Arms
- THD 5.2%
- THD was obtained from a waveform that passed through a low-pass filter having a cutoff frequency of 5 kHz in order to eliminate ripples with a switching period of 15 kHz or more.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show waveforms of the power conversion device 50 that discharges the storage battery 3B in a state where the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P is not generating power (including the case where the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P is not connected).
- FIG. The voltage of the storage battery 3B was 200 V, and the discharge power was 2 kW.
- FIG. 12 shows a case where the control relating to the reactive current is not performed, and
- FIG. 13 shows a case where the control is performed.
- the DC / DC converter 1 was caused to bear a reactive current, and the voltage of the DC side capacitor 4 of the DC / DC converter 1 was maintained at 200 V, which is the same as that of the storage battery 3B. Also in this case, the switching period of the DC / DC converter 2 is hardly changed by the smoothing, and the state where the DC / AC converter 8 is stopped during the switching period is maintained. Switching of the DC / DC converter 1 is also performed during the same period as the DC / DC converter 2 and is stopped during the period when the DC / AC converter 8 operates.
- FIG.14 and FIG.15 is a wave form diagram about the power converter device 50 which is charging the storage battery 3B in the state with the electric power generation of the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- the voltage of the storage battery 3B was 200 V, which is lower than the optimum operating voltage of the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- the generated power was 6 kW, the charging power was 2 kW, and the reverse power was 4 kW.
- FIG. 14 shows a case where the control relating to the reactive current is not performed
- FIG. 15 shows a case where the control is performed.
- the alternating current Ia and the total distortion THD are as follows. Before current smoothing (FIG. 14) I a : 19.7 Arms, THD: 3.2% After current smoothing (FIG. 15) I a : 19.2 Arms, THD: 4.0%
- the DC / DC converter 2 since the current does not flow unless the output voltage is increased to the same voltage as the output of the DC / DC converter 1, the DC / DC converter 2 always performs switching. After the current smoothing, the current of the DC / DC converter 2 is generally smoothed, and the amplitude of the pulsating flow of the DC / DC converter 1 is also reduced. Even after the current smoothing, the switching period of the DC / DC converter 1 is separated from each other without overlapping the switching period of the DC / AC converter 8, and the number of times of switching does not increase.
- FIG.16 and FIG.17 is a wave form diagram about the power converter device 50 which is charging the storage battery 3B in the state with the electric power generation of the solar power generation panel 3P.
- the voltage of the storage battery 3B was set to 275 V, which is higher than the optimum operating voltage of the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- the generated power was 6 kW
- the charging power was 2 kW
- the reverse power was 4 kW.
- FIG. 16 shows a case where the control relating to the reactive current is not performed
- FIG. 17 shows a case where the control is performed. In this case, the DC / DC converter 1 always performs switching. It can be seen that current smoothing is possible even when the voltage of the storage battery 3B is higher than that of the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- FIG.18 and FIG.19 is a wave form diagram about the power converter device 50 which is discharging the storage battery 3B in the state with the electric power generation of the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P.
- the voltage of the storage battery 3B was 200V.
- the generated power was 4 kW
- the discharge power was 2 kW
- the reverse power was 6 kW.
- FIG. 18 shows a case where the control relating to the reactive current is not performed
- FIG. 19 shows a case where the control is performed. Also in this case, the current smoothing of the DC / DC converter 2 is performed without any problem.
- the DC / DC converter 1 has a switching stop period, and the original operation in which the DC / DC converter 1 and the DC / AC converter 8 perform switching alternately is maintained even after smoothing.
- the alternating current Ia and the total distortion THD are as follows. Before current smoothing (FIG. 18) I a : 29.3 Arms, THD: 1.7% After current smoothing (FIG. 19) I a : 29.7 Arms, THD: 2.7%
- FIG.20 and FIG.21 is a wave form diagram about the power converter device 50 which is discharging the storage battery 3B in the state with the electric power generation of the solar power generation panel 3P.
- the voltage of the storage battery 3B was 275V.
- the generated power was 4 kW
- the discharge power was 2 kW
- the reverse power was 6 kW.
- FIG. 20 shows a case where the control relating to the reactive current is not performed
- FIG. 21 shows a case where the control is performed. Also in this case, the current smoothing of the DC / DC converter 2 is performed without any problem.
- the DC / DC converter 2 has a switching stop period, and the original operation in which the DC / DC converter 2 and the DC / AC converter 8 perform switching alternately is maintained even after smoothing.
- the alternating current Ia and the total distortion THD are as follows. Before current smoothing (FIG. 20) I a : 29.6 Arms, THD: 1.9% After current smoothing (FIG. 21) I a : 29.4 Arms, THD: 1.9%
- the upper stage, the middle stage, and the lower stage of FIG. 22 are waveform diagrams of the alternating current I a , the output current Ip of the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P, and the output current Ib of the storage battery 3B, respectively, under the conditions of FIG. It can be seen that the current flowing through the DC / DC converter 1 connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel 3P includes a reactive current, but is smoothed by the DC-side capacitor 4, and the output current Ip is substantially constant. In this case, after current smoothing, I a : 29.4 Arms, THD: 1.9% It is.
- this power converter can also be expressed as follows.
- a power conversion device that performs DC / AC power conversion via an intermediate bus, A first DC / DC converter provided between a first DC power supply or load and the intermediate bus; A second DC / DC converter provided between the direct current side capacitor and the intermediate bus; An intermediate capacitor connected to the intermediate bus; A DC / AC converter provided between the intermediate bus and the AC system; A controller for controlling the first DC / DC converter, the second DC / DC converter, and the DC / AC converter; The control unit sets the current command value that the first DC / DC converter supplies most for the effective current among the currents flowing through the intermediate bus, and the second DC / DC for the reactive current. This is a power conversion device that sets the current command value supplied most by the DC converter.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年10月19日出願の日本出願第2015-205346号に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。
前述の特許文献1又は2の電力変換装置では、昇圧回路に、有効電流のみならず無効電流が流れる。無効電流の振幅は有効電流の振幅に等しく、無効電流の周波数は交流側の基本波(周波数50Hz又は60Hz)の2倍である。このため、昇圧回路に有効電流のみが流れる伝統的な電力変換装置と比べると、昇圧回路に流れる電流のピーク値は2倍、実効値も(1.51/2)倍となる。従って、昇圧回路としては、かかる電流にも耐え得るものを用いなければならない。その結果、昇圧回路が大きくなる。
本開示の電力変換装置及びその制御方法によれば、さらに変換効率を高め、よりコンパクト化を実現することができる。
本発明の実施形態の要旨としては、少なくとも以下のものが含まれる。
前記制御部は、前記中間バスに流れる無効電流を、主として前記第2のDC/DCコンバータが供給する電流指令値の設定とする電力変換装置である。
この場合、中間バスから見た直流側の電力と、中間コンデンサを含む交流側の電力とが互いに一致する。言い換えれば、直流側の電力が、交流側の電力を上回る過剰な電力となることはない。従って、第1のDC/DCコンバータ及び第2のDC/DCコンバータは、休止期間を含む最小限のスイッチング動作を行い、DC/ACコンバータは、休止期間を含む最小限のスイッチング動作を行うことになる。
この場合、フィルタ回路を考慮してなお、電力を一致させることができる。言い換えれば、制御部は、フィルタ回路の影響を考慮した制御を行うことになる。
この場合の第2のDC/DCコンバータは、有効電流を流す必要は無く、無効電流を供給するためだけに存在する。従って、第1のDC/DCコンバータに無効電流を負担させないようにするには好適な回路構成となる。
この場合の第2のDC/DCコンバータは、無効電流を流すことのみならず、有効電流も流すことができる。
この場合、スイッチを開くと、第2のDC/DCコンバータは、無効電流を流すためだけに用いることができ、スイッチを閉じると、無効電流のみならず有効電流も流すことができる。
この場合、第1のDC/DCコンバータの電流のピーク値を最も抑制し、変換効率を高め、コンパクト化を実現することができる。
この場合、2つのDC/DCコンバータの電流容量を最小化することができる。
この場合、2つのDC/DCコンバータの抵抗損失を最小化することができる。
この場合、直流電源や負荷が接続されていない第2のDC/DCコンバータを、第1のDC/DCコンバータと同じタイミングでスイッチング動作させることができる。従って、第2のDC/DCコンバータのスイッチング動作期間を、最短にすることができる。
このように電流指令値を設定することで、第1のDC/DCコンバータ及び第2のDC/DCコンバータによる無効電流の負担を自在に設定することができる。
以下、実施形態の詳細について図面を参照して説明する。
まず、最小スイッチング方式を用いる電力変換装置の、前提となる基本構成から説明する。
図1は、太陽光発電パネル3Pに接続された電力変換装置50の概略構成を示す単線接続図である。図において、この電力変換装置50は、直流から交流への電力変換を行うものであり、昇圧回路としてのDC/DCコンバータ1及び、これに、中間バス(DCバス)6を介して接続されたインバータ回路としてのDC/ACコンバータ8を備えている。DC/DCコンバータ1は、直流電源としての太陽光発電パネル3Pと中間バス6との間に、直流側コンデンサ4を介して設けられている。中間バス6には中間コンデンサ7が接続されている。DC/ACコンバータ8は、中間バス6と交流系統との間に、交流側コンデンサ9を介して設けられている。
フィルタ回路14は、交流リアクトル13と、交流側コンデンサ9とによって構成され、DC/ACコンバータ8の交流出力に含まれる高周波成分が交流系統17に漏れ出ることを防止している。交流系統17には、交流負荷15と、商用電力系統16が含まれる。
次に、本発明の一実施形態に係る電力変換装置50について説明する。
図3は、太陽光発電パネル3Pに接続された電力変換装置50の概略構成を示す単線接続図である。図1と同一部分には同一符号を付して説明を省略する。図1との違いは、中間バス6より直流側が、2系統設けられている点である。
すなわちこの場合、中間バス6から見た直流側の電力と、中間コンデンサ7を含む交流側の電力とが互いに一致する。言い換えれば、直流側の電力が、交流側の電力を上回る過剰な電力となることはない。従って、第1のDC/DCコンバータ1及び第2のDC/DCコンバータ2は、休止期間を含む最小限のスイッチング動作を行い、DC/ACコンバータ8は、休止期間を含む最小限のスイッチング動作を行うことになる。
上記の電力変換装置50は、制御部20により、最小スイッチング方式の制御を行う。ここで、最小スイッチング方式の理論について説明する。まず、諸量を、既出のものも含めて以下のように定義する。
I* a:交流系統17へ流そうとする交流電流指令値
Iinv:電流センサ36によって検出される交流電流
Ca:交流側コンデンサ9のキャパシタンス
I* inv:DC/ACコンバータ8から交流リアクトル13に流そうとする電流指令値
V* inv:DC/ACコンバータ8の交流側での電圧指令値
R* inv:DC/ACコンバータ8の抵抗成分
Linv:交流リアクトル13のインダクタンス
I* in:DC/DCコンバータ1(2)の直流リアクトル11(12)に流そうとする電流指令値
Iin:電流センサ33(34)によって検出される直流電流
Co:中間コンデンサ7のキャパシタンス
V* o:中間コンデンサ7の両端に現れるべき電圧指令値
Vo:電圧センサ35によって検出される中間電圧
Vg:電圧センサ31によって検出される直流電圧
R* in:DC/DCコンバータ1(2)の抵抗成分
Linv:直流リアクトル11(12)のインダクタンス
ここで、記号〈 〉は、括弧内の値の平均値を表している。また、I* inv_iにおける添え字は、例えば、DC/DCコンバータ1に対応する電流指令値がI* inv_1、DC/DCコンバータ2に対応する電流指令値がI* inv_2となることを表している。
uの値が1のときにI* inm1はI* in1_aと等しくなり、DC/DCコンバータ1の電流指令値から無効電流成分は完全に取り除かれ、有効電流のみとなる。
すなわち、このような電力変換装置50では、DC/DCコンバータ2が無効電流を主として引き受けることになるので、DC/DCコンバータ1は逆に、無効電流を低減して主として有効電流を流すことができる。これにより、DC/DCコンバータ1の電流のピーク値を抑制し、変換効率を高め、よりコンパクト化を実現することができる。
この場合、直流電源が接続されていないDC/DCコンバータ2を、DC/DCコンバータ1と同じタイミングでスイッチング動作させることができる。従って、DC/DCコンバータ2のスイッチング動作期間を、最短にすることができる。
図5は、蓄電池3Bに接続された電力変換装置50の概略構成を示す単線接続図である。図3との違いは、太陽光発電パネルに代えて蓄電池3BがDC/DCコンバータ1に接続されている点である。
この場合、DC/DCコンバータ1に流れる無効電流が0になるように、DC/DCコンバータ1及びDC/DCコンバータ2に流れる無効電流を制御する。これによって、蓄電池3Bに無効電流が流れるのを防ぐことができる。
図6は、太陽光発電パネル3P及び蓄電池3Bに接続された電力変換装置50の概略構成を示す単線接続図である。図3との違いは、太陽光発電パネル3Pとは別系統で蓄電池3BがDC/DCコンバータ2に接続されている点、及び、スイッチ21,22が設けられている点である。スイッチ21は、太陽光発電パネル3PとDC/DCコンバータ1との間に設けられている。スイッチ22は、蓄電池3BとDC/DCコンバータ2との間に設けられている。
図8は、太陽光発電パネル3P及び蓄電池3Bに接続された電力変換装置50の概略構成を示す単線接続図である。図6との違いは、スイッチ21,22の開閉状態が逆になっている点である。太陽光発電パネル3Pが例えば夜間で発電しておらず、蓄電池3Bを充電または放電しているときには、このように、スイッチ21を開路し、スイッチ22を閉路した状態とする。これにより、直流側コンデンサ4の電圧によって、太陽電池が導通状態となることを阻止し、同時に、DC/DCコンバータ1に無効電流を流すことによって、DC/DCコンバータ2及び蓄電池3Bに、無効電流が流れることを防止できる。
図9は、太陽光発電パネル3P及び蓄電池3Bに接続された電力変換装置50の概略構成を示す単線接続図である。図6,図8との違いは、スイッチ21,22が共に閉路した状態になっている点である。太陽光発電パネル3Pが発電しており、蓄電池3Bが充電または放電しているときには、このように、スイッチ21,22を共に閉路した状態とする。そして、DC/DCコンバータ2に流れる無効電流が0になるようにDC/DCコンバータ1の無効電流を制御する。こうして、蓄電池3Bに無効電流が流れることを防止できる。
第3例~第5例に示したように、DC/DCコンバータ2は、スイッチ22を開くと、無効電流を流すためだけに用いることができ、スイッチ22を閉じると、無効電流のみならず有効電流も流すことができる。
DC/DCコンバータ1についても同様に、スイッチ21を開くと、無効電流を流すためだけに用いることができ、スイッチ21を閉じると、無効電流のみならず有効電流も流すことができる。
なお、上記各例の電力変換装置50は、直流から交流への電力変換を行う装置として説明したが、逆方向への電力変換も同様の制御理論に基づいて、電流の方向性を考慮して適宜符号を変えることにより適用することができる。
次に、直流側の2系統に太陽光発電パネル3P及び蓄電池3Bが接続されている電力変換装置50(図6、図8又は図9)について、種々の条件下での動作を検証する。
図10~図21の各図において、上から順に1~5段目までの波形は、以下のものを表している。
<2段目> 太陽光発電パネル3Pが接続されている側の、直流リアクトル11の電流指令値I* in1[A]、直流電流Iin1[A]
<3段目> 蓄電池3Bが接続されている側の、直流リアクトル11の電流指令値I* in2[A]、直流電流Iin2[A]
<4段目> 中間バス6の電圧指令値V* o[V]、中間電圧Vo[V]、太陽光発電パネル3Pの直流電圧Vg[V]
<5段目> 上/中/下のうち、上がスイッチング素子Q81,Q84のゲートパルス、中がDC/DCコンバータ1のスイッチング素子Q11(ローサイド)のゲートパルス、下がDC/DCコンバータ2のスイッチング素子Q21(ローサイド)のゲートパルス
図10及び図11は、太陽光発電パネル3Pの発電が無い状態(太陽光発電パネル3Pが接続されていない場合を含む。)で、蓄電池3Bの充電を行っている電力変換装置50についての波形図である。すなわち、発電電力は0kWである。また、ここでは、充電電力は2kW、交流系統17からの受電電力は2kW、蓄電池3Bの電圧は200Vとした。図10は、無効電流に関する上述の制御を行わない場合を示し、図11は制御を行った場合を示している。
電流平滑化前(図10) Ia:9.53Arms、THD:6.0%
電流平滑化後(図11) Ia:9.46Arms、THD:5.2%
但し、THDは、スイッチング周期15kHz以上のリプルを除くため、カットオフ周波数5kHzのローパスフィルタを通過させた波形から求めた。
図12及び図13は、太陽光発電パネル3Pの発電が無い状態(太陽光発電パネル3Pが接続されていない場合を含む。)で、蓄電池3Bの放電を行っている電力変換装置50についての波形図である。蓄電池3Bの電圧は200V、放電電力は2kWとした。図12は、無効電流に関する制御を行わない場合を示し、図13は制御を行った場合を示している。
電流平滑化前(図12) Ia:9.75Arms、THD:9.4%
電流平滑化後(図13) Ia:9.49Arms、THD:4.0%
図14及び図15は、太陽光発電パネル3Pの発電がある状態で、蓄電池3Bの充電を行っている電力変換装置50についての波形図である。蓄電池3Bの電圧は太陽光発電パネル3Pの最適動作電圧よりも低い200Vとした。また、発電電力は6kW、充電電力は2kW、逆潮電力は4kWとした。図14は、無効電流に関する制御を行わない場合を示し、図15は制御を行った場合を示している。
電流平滑化前(図14) Ia:19.7Arms、THD:3.2%
電流平滑化後(図15) Ia:19.2Arms、THD:4.0%
図16及び図17は、太陽光発電パネル3Pの発電がある状態で、蓄電池3Bの充電を行っている電力変換装置50についての波形図である。但し、蓄電池3Bの電圧は太陽光発電パネル3Pの最適動作電圧よりも高い275Vとした。また、発電電力は6kW、充電電力は2kW、逆潮電力は4kWとした。図16は、無効電流に関する制御を行わない場合を示し、図17は制御を行った場合を示している。この場合、DC/DCコンバータ1の方が常にスイッチングを行っている。蓄電池3Bの電圧が太陽光発電パネル3Pより高い時でも、電流平滑化が可能なことがわかる。
電流平滑化前(図16) Ia:19.8Arms、THD:2.8%
電流平滑化後(図17) Ia:20.0Arms、THD:3.2%
図18及び図19は、太陽光発電パネル3Pの発電がある状態で、蓄電池3Bの放電を行っている電力変換装置50についての波形図である。蓄電池3Bの電圧は200Vとした。また、発電電力は4kW、放電電力は2kW、逆潮電力は6kWとした。図18は、無効電流に関する制御を行わない場合を示し、図19は制御を行った場合を示している。この場合も、DC/DCコンバータ2の電流平滑化が、問題無く行われている。DC/DCコンバータ1にはスイッチング停止期間があり、平滑後も、DC/DCコンバータ1と、DC/ACコンバータ8とが交互にスイッチングを行う本来の動作が維持されている。
電流平滑化前(図18) Ia:29.3Arms、THD:1.7%
電流平滑化後(図19) Ia:29.7Arms、THD:2.7%
図20及び図21は、太陽光発電パネル3Pの発電がある状態で、蓄電池3Bの放電を行っている電力変換装置50についての波形図である。蓄電池3Bの電圧は275Vとした。また、発電電力は4kW、放電電力は2kW、逆潮電力は6kWとした。図20は、無効電流に関する制御を行わない場合を示し、図21は制御を行った場合を示している。この場合も、DC/DCコンバータ2の電流平滑化が、問題無く行われている。DC/DCコンバータ2にはスイッチング停止期間があり、平滑後も、DC/DCコンバータ2と、DC/ACコンバータ8とが交互にスイッチングを行う本来の動作が維持されている。
電流平滑化前(図20) Ia:29.6Arms、THD:1.9%
電流平滑化後(図21) Ia:29.4Arms、THD:1.9%
図22の上段・中段・下段は、それぞれ、図21の条件における、交流電流Ia、太陽光発電パネル3Pの出力電流Ip、及び、蓄電池3Bの出力電流Ibの波形図である。
太陽光発電パネル3Pが接続されたDC/DCコンバータ1に流れる電流は無効電流を含んでいるが、直流側コンデンサ4によって平滑化され、出力電流Ipは概ね一定値になっていることがわかる。なお、この場合、電流平滑化後は、
Ia:29.4Arms、THD:1.9%
である。
なお、今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
以上の説明は、以下に付記する特徴を含む。すなわち、この電力変換装置は、以下のように表現することもできる。
中間バスを介して直流/交流の電力変換を行う電力変換装置であって、
第1直流電源又は負荷と前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第1のDC/DCコンバータと、
直流側コンデンサと前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第2のDC/DCコンバータと、
前記中間バスに接続された中間コンデンサと、
前記中間バスと交流系統との間に設けられるDC/ACコンバータと、
前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ、前記第2のDC/DCコンバータ、及び、前記DC/ACコンバータを制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記中間バスに流れる電流のうち、有効電流については前記第1のDC/DCコンバータが最も多く供給する電流指令値の設定とし、かつ、無効電流については前記第2のDC/DCコンバータが最も多く供給する電流指令値の設定とする電力変換装置、である。
3B 蓄電池
3P 太陽光発電パネル
4,5 直流側コンデンサ
6 中間バス
7 中間コンデンサ
8 DC/ACコンバータ
9 交流側コンデンサ
11,12 直流リアクトル
13 交流リアクトル
14 フィルタ回路
15 交流負荷
16 商用電力系統
17 交流系統
20 制御部
21,22 スイッチ
31,32 電圧センサ
33,34 電流センサ
35 電圧センサ
36 電流センサ
37 電圧センサ
50 電力変換装置
Q11,Q12,Q21,Q22,Q81,Q82,Q83,Q84 スイッチング素子
d11,d12,d21,d22 ダイオード
Claims (13)
- 中間バスを介して直流/交流の電力変換を行う電力変換装置であって、
第1直流電源又は負荷と前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第1のDC/DCコンバータと、
直流側コンデンサと前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第2のDC/DCコンバータと、
前記中間バスに接続された中間コンデンサと、
前記中間バスと交流系統との間に設けられるDC/ACコンバータと、
前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ、前記第2のDC/DCコンバータ、及び、前記DC/ACコンバータを制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記中間バスに流れる無効電流を、主として前記第2のDC/DCコンバータが供給する電流指令値の設定とする電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータを通過する電力及び前記第2のDC/DCコンバータを通過する電力の合計の電力が、前記中間コンデンサに係る無効電力及び前記DC/ACコンバータの交流側に現れる電力の合計の電力と一致するよう制御する、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記DC/ACコンバータの交流側に、交流リアクトル及び、さらに交流側に交流側コンデンサを含むフィルタ回路が設けられ、当該フィルタ回路が、交流系統と接続されており、
前記制御部は、前記交流系統の電力と前記交流側コンデンサの電力とを合計した電力が、前記交流リアクトルと前記DC/ACコンバータとの間で受け渡される電力と一致するように制御する、請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記直流側コンデンサは、直流側の終端回路を閉じる素子である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記直流側コンデンサの両端に対して並列に、第2直流電源が接続される、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記直流側コンデンサと前記第2直流電源との間に、前記制御部によって開閉可能なスイッチが設けられている請求項5に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータを流れる無効電流が0になり、前記第2のDC/DCコンバータが全ての無効電流を供給するよう電流指令値を設定する、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ及び前記第2のDC/DCコンバータをそれぞれ流れる電流のピーク値が最小になるよう、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ及び前記第2のDC/DCコンバータの無効電流を電流指令値の設定により制御する、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ及び前記第2のDC/DCコンバータをそれぞれ流れる電流の二乗平均値が最小になるよう、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ及び前記第2のDC/DCコンバータの無効電流を電流指令値の設定により制御する、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記直流側コンデンサの両端電圧が、前記第1直流電源又は負荷の電圧と一致するよう、前記第2のDC/DCコンバータの無効電流を電流指令値の設定により制御する、請求項4に記載の電力変換装置。
- 無効電流を供給する電流指令値の設定とは、前記中間バスに流れる電流を数式で表した場合に、時間に依存する項の一部又は全部を割り当てることである、請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 第1直流電源又は負荷と中間バスとの間に設けられる第1のDC/DCコンバータと、直流側コンデンサと前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第2のDC/DCコンバータと、前記中間バスに接続された中間コンデンサと、前記中間バスと交流系統との間に設けられるDC/ACコンバータと、前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ、前記第2のDC/DCコンバータ、及び、前記DC/ACコンバータを制御する制御部とを備え、前記中間バスを介して直流/交流の電力変換を行う電力変換装置について、前記制御部が実行する電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記中間バスに流れる無効電流を、主として前記第2のDC/DCコンバータが供給する電流指令値の設定とする電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 中間バスを介して直流/交流の電力変換を行う電力変換装置であって、
第1直流電源又は負荷と前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第1のDC/DCコンバータと、
直流側コンデンサと前記中間バスとの間に設けられる第2のDC/DCコンバータと、
前記中間バスに接続された中間コンデンサと、
前記中間バスと交流系統との間に設けられるDC/ACコンバータと、
前記第1のDC/DCコンバータ、前記第2のDC/DCコンバータ、及び、前記DC/ACコンバータを制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記中間バスに流れる電流のうち、有効電流については前記第1のDC/DCコンバータが最も多く供給する電流指令値の設定とし、かつ、無効電流については前記第2のDC/DCコンバータが最も多く供給する電流指令値の設定とする電力変換装置。
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- 2016-07-04 CN CN201680059499.0A patent/CN108323224B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-07-04 US US15/764,507 patent/US10284113B2/en active Active
- 2016-07-04 WO PCT/JP2016/069780 patent/WO2017068814A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-07-04 KR KR1020187009908A patent/KR102537096B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-07-04 AU AU2016342805A patent/AU2016342805B2/en not_active Ceased
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US11990830B2 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2024-05-21 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Power conversion system and virtual DC voltage generator circuit |
US12040618B2 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2024-07-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Power conversion system including a second circuit being configured to control a current or power such that the current or the power is synchronized with power ripples caused by the AC power supply or the AC load |
US20220231608A1 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. | Power conversion system and method of controlling the same |
US12027909B2 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-07-02 | Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Power conversion system and method of controlling the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6524883B2 (ja) | 2019-06-05 |
US20180287511A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
CN108323224B (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
KR102537096B1 (ko) | 2023-05-25 |
EP3367550A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
CN108323224A (zh) | 2018-07-24 |
TWI698080B (zh) | 2020-07-01 |
US10284113B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
KR20180069800A (ko) | 2018-06-25 |
JP2017079506A (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
AU2016342805A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
AU2016342805B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
EP3367550A4 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
TW201717534A (zh) | 2017-05-16 |
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