WO2017049417A1 - System for softening, creating microcracks, reducing hardness, fragmenting and/or breaking mineral rocks in the field of mining - Google Patents

System for softening, creating microcracks, reducing hardness, fragmenting and/or breaking mineral rocks in the field of mining Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017049417A1
WO2017049417A1 PCT/CL2016/000053 CL2016000053W WO2017049417A1 WO 2017049417 A1 WO2017049417 A1 WO 2017049417A1 CL 2016000053 W CL2016000053 W CL 2016000053W WO 2017049417 A1 WO2017049417 A1 WO 2017049417A1
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Prior art keywords
mineral
mining
electromagnetic waves
rock
mud
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PCT/CL2016/000053
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pablo TAPIA ZULETA
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HORNOS INDUSTRIALES OVEN SpA
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Publication of WO2017049417A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017049417A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
    • B02B1/08—Conditioning grain with respect to temperature or water content
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys

Definitions

  • the size reduction of the rocks is carried out in various stages of crushing, hardening, crushing and / or grinding, and finally in multiple stages of selection, to arrive at a suitable granulometry that finally allows the mineral to be extracted.
  • the optimization in the processes of reduction of the size of the rocks entails not only productive but also economic benefits, constituting a key aspect in the value chain mentioned in the previous paragraph, taking into account three fundamental objectives: improve the effectiveness and efficiency of fragmentation, increase the productivity of the entire process, and minimize the associated energy consumption .
  • the present invention is related to a system and method for softening, fragmenting and breaking mineral rocks and even mud-like material through the use of electromagnetic waves (OEM), in particular but not limited in the microwave frequency range (MMOO)
  • the present invention by means of electromagnetic waves - in particular in the microwave frequency range - in the form of continuous and discontinuous pulses, periodically and not periodically, causes the cracking of the rock, which makes it easier to make and “lighter” "the subsequent stages of grinding, significantly saving energy consumption in these stages and increasing the speed and efficiency of the operation.
  • the associated technical problem to the fragmentation with the use of this electromagnetic wave technology, in particular in the microwave range (MMOO), prior to the conventional downstream stages, comprises among other elements or components: a system for generating electromagnetic waves, particularly in the microwave frequency range inside the tunnel, which comprises a plurality of independent generators strategically located to radiate electromagnetic waves, in particular microwaves homogeneously to the mineral; a wet steam extractor; a belt or conveyor belt or a means of transporting the rock; a tunnel or zone of injection of electromagnetic waves; a humidification system inside the tunnel which is present in an embodiment of the invention; a cooling chamber or rock rest; an automatic control system; a driving system consisting of motors and geared motors; a main chamber with concave edges for rebounds; and a plurality of process control meters and sensors.
  • the state of the art delivers a significant number of solutions with systems for mineral fragmentation, as we will describe below.
  • the state of the art does not disclose a system system to soften, decrease hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks (where the injection of electromagnetic waves causes microcracks in the rock) in the field of mining, mining, crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks, as well as for all types of material with a high water content such as industrial and mining sludge, by controlling the humidification , variation of temperature and power, and the injection of electromagnetic waves like that of the present application.
  • document CL 1191-2014 discloses an apparatus for classifying material extracted from a mine, which includes a microwave radiation applicator for heating the material extracted from a mine, including the applicator, side walls and end walls, a handling device, a radiation generator, a detector to detect fragments, a means to analyze the data of the detector and a means to separate the fragments.
  • document CL 1191-2014 does not disclose a system and method such as those of the present application, which allows to soften, cause microcracks, reduce hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining , crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks, as well as for all types of material with a high water content such as industrial and mining sludge, by controlling the humidification, temperature variation and the injection of electromagnetic waves.
  • document CL 2700-2007 presents a process for recovering metal from sulfide ore which comprises passing microwave energy through the bed of sulfide material in a fluidized bed reactor, passing fluidizing gas through the reactor to oxidize the sulphides. metal and remove material containing oxidized metal from the reactor; and selected material that fails to solve the technical problem posed by this application and also presents different structural elements.
  • document US5003144 presents a system that uses a microwave source to soften rock, but does not understand the characteristics of the present invention, considering mainly that it only uses an energy source to soften the rock and subsequently fracture it more easily.
  • the present invention corresponds to a system and method for softening, causing microcracks, fragmenting and breaking mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining, crushing processes and grinding of mineral rocks. Said system and method, it is possible to extrapolate it to the fragmentation of material with a high water content such as mining sludge and industrial sludge in general, solving the problems present in the state of the art detailed in the previous paragraphs.
  • the present invention by means of electromagnetic waves - in particular by electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range (MMOO) - in the form of continuous, discontinuous, periodically or not periodically pulses, causes the cracking of the rock, which allows facilitate and make "lighter” the subsequent stages of grinding, significantly saving energy consumption in these stages and increasing the speed and efficiency of the operation.
  • MMOO microwave frequency range
  • the technical problem associated with fragmentation with this electromagnetic wave technology in particular in the microwave frequency range, prior to the conventional downstream stages, includes among other elements or components: a system for generating electromagnetic waves in particular in the frequency range of microwaves inside the tunnel, which comprises a plurality of independent generators strategically located to radiate microwaves homogeneously to the mineral; a steam and / or steam extractor (the latter corresponds to the steam emitted by the same body); a belt or conveyor belt or a means of transporting the rock; a tunnel or zone of injection of electromagnetic waves; a humidification system inside the tunnel (optional); a cooling chamber or rock rest; an automatic control system (HMI); a motor system consisting of motors and motorcycle reducers; a main chamber with concave edges for rebounds; and a plurality of process control meters and sensors.
  • a water recovery system for use in humidification, for example, creating a closed circuit.
  • Figure 1 is described. Where the complete system of the present invention is shown. In said figure, it is possible to appreciate the different elements that make up the system with the following numerical references: the load chute (1), the drive system (2), the conveyor belt (3), the electromagnetic wave tunnel in particular in the microwave range - MMOO (4), the cooling zone (5), the discharge chute (6), the independent electromagnetic wave generators (7) and the humidification system (8), the latter corresponds to a alternative embodiment of the present invention, that is, it is possible to dispense with its use.
  • system of the present invention comprises, as seen in the figure:
  • the drying tunnel (4) whose main functions correspond to: i) serves as a protective housing of the main chamber, against bumps, weather or other external agents such as dust, pollution, etc. ii) a barrier against the leakage of electromagnetic waves (Faraday cage), iii) serves as a black box to protect the invention of using independent generators, their wiring, connections, temperature dissipation and strategic arrangement in the mantle of the main chamber , iv) is the access to perform mechanical, electrical or electronic maintenance of the main chamber.
  • the main chamber has in all embodiments of the present invention a cylindrical, quadrangular, hexagonal, pentagonal or triangular prism geometry to achieve maximum use of the waves Electromagnetic generated. These geometries also ensure a homogeneous irradiation of electromagnetic waves and a homogeneous penetration of the product or mineral in all sectors of the chamber. It also serves to more easily condense the hot water vapor generated by the heating of the mud or mineral and the water in the process, in order to recover it more easily and with known mechanical methods.
  • Wetting system (8) corresponds to an alternative or optional system for the correct softening of the mud or mineral. It is possible to wet the mineral product or mud with water at room temperature, taking care that the humidification is all over the surface. The humidification is carried out with sprinklers that deliver the sprayed water, with a minimum expenditure of water in the process. We must mention that the humidification system can use any type of water for its operation, for example fresh water, recycled from other industrial processes and even water from the sea.
  • the fragmentation system of the present invention achieves proper functioning, both with the humidification system mentioned in the previous paragraph, and in the absence thereof.
  • the conditioning stage where the mineral, rock or mud is conditioned by raising the temperature to a predetermined value, in order to condition the mineral, rock or mud at an internal temperature and external, so that in the later stage it does not suffer drastic rises of temperature avoiding unwanted physical-chemical processes in the mineral or mud as changes in its internal structure or metallization of the minerals.
  • This conditioning is produced by heating the mineral's external water (wetting stage) and the internal part by means of heating with electromagnetic waves, in particular in the microwave frequency range (MMOO).
  • stage of fracture or softening of mineral or mud which as indicated by its name, here the internal fracture of the mineral or mud occurs, consequently the softening of the rock.
  • This phenomenon is achieved by injecting pulses of electromagnetic waves directly to the mineral or mud, which act as real hammers inside the rock, until reaching the fracture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a , mining activity, and processes of crushing and grinding mineral rocks, as well as for any type of material such as industrial and/or mining muds, liquid industrial waste and tailings, by controlling wetting and temperature and power variation, and by injecting electromagnetic waves, in particular by means of microwaves in the form of continuous and discontinuous pulses, optionally periodically, causing the rock to crack and effectively treating industrial and mining muds, which facilitates and lightens the subsequent steps of grinding and comminution, thereby increasing the speed and efficacy and efficiency of fragmentation, raising the productivity of the entire process, and reducing the associated power consumption.

Description

UN SISTEMA PARA ABLANDAR, PROVOCAR MICROGRIETAS, DISMINUIR LA DUREZA, FRAGMENTAR Y/O ROMPER ROCAS DE MINERAL EN EL CAMPO DE LA MINERIA.  A SYSTEM FOR SOFTENING, CAUSING MICROGRIETS, DECREASING HARDNESS, FRAGMENTING AND / OR BREAKING MINERAL ROCKS IN THE MINING FIELD.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En la industria minera, parte fundamental de los procesos productivos en general, corresponden a la fragmentación de las rocas. Esto, dado que la naturaleza de esta industria requiere una vez realizada la perforación y tronadura (fragmentación primaria), extraer el mineral, ejecutar la carga y descarga de las rocas, para posteriormente tratar el mineral y reducir su tamaño (conminucion), de acuerdo a las necesidades requeridas de tipo de mineral, ley, características de los equipos existentes en la planta de proceso, entre otras. In the mining industry, a fundamental part of production processes in general, they correspond to the fragmentation of rocks. This, since the nature of this industry requires once drilling and blasting (primary fragmentation), extract the ore, execute the loading and unloading of the rocks, to subsequently treat the mineral and reduce its size (comminution), according to the required needs of type of ore, law, characteristics of the existing equipment in the process plant, among others.
La reducción de tamaño de las rocas, se realiza en diversas etapas de chancado, harneado, triturado y/o molienda, para finalmente en múltiples etapas de selección, llegar a una granulometría adecuada que permita finalmente extraer el mineral. The size reduction of the rocks, is carried out in various stages of crushing, hardening, crushing and / or grinding, and finally in multiple stages of selection, to arrive at a suitable granulometry that finally allows the mineral to be extracted.
Así, la optimización en los procesos de reducción del tamaño de las rocas, conlleva no sólo beneficios productivos sino que también económicos, constituyéndose en un aspecto clave en la cadena de valor mencionada en el párrafo anterior, teniendo a la vista tres objetivos fundamentales: mejorar la eficacia y eficiencia de la fragmentación, aumentar la productividad de todo el proceso, y reducir al máximo el consumo de energía asociado. Thus, the optimization in the processes of reduction of the size of the rocks, entails not only productive but also economic benefits, constituting a key aspect in the value chain mentioned in the previous paragraph, taking into account three fundamental objectives: improve the effectiveness and efficiency of fragmentation, increase the productivity of the entire process, and minimize the associated energy consumption .
Dentro de las alternativas que ofrece la industria para optimizar los procesos de fragmentación, encontramos la mejora en los sistemas convencionales de fragmentación ya sea por selección (harneado) o impacto (trituración y molienda), y sistemas no convencionales como los asociados al uso de energías no convencionales en la industria minera como el uso de la energía de radio frecuencia, tal como la energía microondas (MMOO). Así, la presente invención está relacionada con un sistema y método para ablandar, fragmentar y romper rocas de mineral e incluso material del tipo lodo mediante el uso de ondas electromagnéticas (OEM), en particular pero no limitado en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas (MMOO). Among the alternatives offered by the industry to optimize fragmentation processes, we find the improvement in conventional fragmentation systems either by selection (hardening) or impact (crushing and milling), and unconventional systems such as those associated with energy use unconventional in the mining industry such as the use of radio frequency energy, such as microwave energy (MMOO). Thus, the present invention is related to a system and method for softening, fragmenting and breaking mineral rocks and even mud-like material through the use of electromagnetic waves (OEM), in particular but not limited in the microwave frequency range (MMOO)
En lo que respecta al ahorro de energía asociado a la mejora en la eficacia y eficiencia en los procesos de fragmentación de roca, es posible mencionar que dicha mejora permitiría un importante ahorro de recursos económicos, fundamentalmente dado que el costo total de la fragmentación experimentaría una importante disminución, considerando el ahorro en cada una de las etapas subsecuentes de conminución de mineral. En este contexto, el desarrollo de un sistema y método como el de la presente invención, permitirá optimizar todo el proceso minero, disminuyendo costos, aumentando la productividad de todo el proceso, junto con lograr un mayor poder de fragmentación mediante el uso de ondas electromagnéticas (OEM), en particular en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas (MMOO). Regarding the energy savings associated with the improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of rock fragmentation processes, it is possible to mention that such improvement would allow a significant saving of economic resources, fundamentally since the total cost of fragmentation would experience a significant decrease, considering the savings in each of the subsequent stages of mineral comminution. In this context, the development of a system and method such as that of the present invention will allow optimizing the entire mining process, reducing costs, increasing the productivity of the entire process, together with achieving greater fragmentation power through the use of electromagnetic waves. (OEM), particularly in the microwave frequency range (MMOO).
En resumen, es deseable disponer de un sistema y método para ablandar, fragmentar y romper rocas de mineral en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales. Dicho sistema y método, es posible extrapolarlo a la fragmentación de material con un alto contenido de agua como lodos mineros y lodos industriales en general. In summary, it is desirable to have a system and method to soften, fragment and break mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining, crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks. Said system and method, it is possible to extrapolate it to the fragmentation of material with a high water content such as mining sludge and industrial sludge in general.
Así, la presente invención, mediante ondas electromagnéticas - en particular en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas - en forma de pulsos continuos y discontinuos, periódica y no periódicamente, provoca el agrietamiento de la roca, lo que permite facilitar y hacer "más livianas" las etapas posteriores de molienda, ahorrando de manera significativa el consumo de energía en dichas etapas e incrementando la velocidad y la eficiencia de la operación. Thus, the present invention, by means of electromagnetic waves - in particular in the microwave frequency range - in the form of continuous and discontinuous pulses, periodically and not periodically, causes the cracking of the rock, which makes it easier to make and "lighter" "the subsequent stages of grinding, significantly saving energy consumption in these stages and increasing the speed and efficiency of the operation.
El problema técnico asociado, a la fragmentación con el uso de esta tecnología de ondas electromagnéticas, en particular en el rango de las microondas (MMOO), previa a las etapas convencionales aguas abajo, comprende entre otros elementos o componentes: un sistema de generación de ondas electromagnéticas, en particular en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas en el interior del túnel, que comprende una pluralidad de generadores independientes ubicados de manera estratégica para irradiar ondas electromagnéticas, en particular microondas de manera homogénea al mineral; un extractor de vapor húmedo; una cinta o correa transportadora o un medio de transporte de la roca; un túnel o zona de inyección de ondas electromagnéticas; un sistema de humectación en el interior del túnel el cual está presente en una modalidad de la invención; una cámara de enfriamiento o reposo de la roca; un sistema de control automático; un sistema motriz conformado por motores y motoreductores; una cámara principal con bordes cóncavos para los rebotes; y una pluralidad de medidores y sensores de control de proceso. The associated technical problem, to the fragmentation with the use of this electromagnetic wave technology, in particular in the microwave range (MMOO), prior to the conventional downstream stages, comprises among other elements or components: a system for generating electromagnetic waves, particularly in the microwave frequency range inside the tunnel, which comprises a plurality of independent generators strategically located to radiate electromagnetic waves, in particular microwaves homogeneously to the mineral; a wet steam extractor; a belt or conveyor belt or a means of transporting the rock; a tunnel or zone of injection of electromagnetic waves; a humidification system inside the tunnel which is present in an embodiment of the invention; a cooling chamber or rock rest; an automatic control system; a driving system consisting of motors and geared motors; a main chamber with concave edges for rebounds; and a plurality of process control meters and sensors.
En términos generales, al someter las rocas de mineral bajo la irradiación de ondas electromagnéticas, en forma de pulsos continuos y discontinuos, periódica y no periódicamente, provoca un agrietamiento del mineral, lo que se traduce en una etapa de molienda más fácil y liviana, por ende hay un ahorro en el consumo energético significativo. In general terms, by submitting the mineral rocks under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves, in the form of continuous and discontinuous pulses, periodically and not periodically, it causes a cracking of the mineral, which translates into an easier and lighter grinding stage, therefore there is a significant saving in energy consumption.
En la actualidad, el estado del arte entrega un número importante de soluciones con sistemas para fragmentar mineral, como describiremos a continuación. Así, citaremos documentos que divulgan múltiples tipos de estructuras destinadas a la fragmentación de mineral, en particular mediante el empleo de tecnología MMOO. Sin embargo, el estado del arte no divulga un sistema de sistema para ablandar, disminuir la dureza, fragmentar y/o romper rocas de mineral (donde la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas provoque microgrietas en la roca) en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales, así como para todo tipo de material con un alto contenido de agua como lodos industriales y mineros, mediante el control de la humectación, variación de temperatura y de potencia, y la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas como el de la presente solicitud. At present, the state of the art delivers a significant number of solutions with systems for mineral fragmentation, as we will describe below. Thus, we will cite documents that disseminate multiple types of structures intended for mineral fragmentation, in particular through the use of MMOO technology. However, the state of the art does not disclose a system system to soften, decrease hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks (where the injection of electromagnetic waves causes microcracks in the rock) in the field of mining, mining, crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks, as well as for all types of material with a high water content such as industrial and mining sludge, by controlling the humidification , variation of temperature and power, and the injection of electromagnetic waves like that of the present application.
Entre los documentos más cercanos encontrados en el estado de la técnica, podemos apreciar el documento CL 1191-2014, el cual divulga un aparato para clasificación de material extraído de una mina, que incluye un aplicador de radiación microondas para calentamiento del material extraído de una mina, incluyendo el aplicador, paredes laterales y paredes extremas, un dispositivo de manipulación, un generador de radiación, un detector para detectar fragmentos, un medio para analizar los datos del detector y un medio para separar los fragmentos. Sin embargo, dicho documento CL 1191-2014 no divulga un sistema y método como los de la presente solicitud, que permite ablandar, provocar microgrietas, disminuir la dureza, fragmentar y/o romper rocas de mineral en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales, así como para todo tipo de material con un alto contenido de agua como lodos industriales y mineros, mediante el control de la humectación, variación de temperatura y la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas. Por otro lado, el documento CL 2700-2007 presenta un proceso para recuperar metal desde mineral sulfídico que comprende pasar energía de microondas a través del lecho de material sulfídico en un reactor de lecho fluidizado, pasar gas fluidizante a través del reactor para oxidar los sulfuros de metal y retirar material que contiene metal oxidado desde el reactor; y material seleccionado que no logra solucionar el problema técnico planteado por la presente solicitud y que además presenta distintos elementos estructurales. Among the closest documents found in the state of the art, we can see document CL 1191-2014, which discloses an apparatus for classifying material extracted from a mine, which includes a microwave radiation applicator for heating the material extracted from a mine, including the applicator, side walls and end walls, a handling device, a radiation generator, a detector to detect fragments, a means to analyze the data of the detector and a means to separate the fragments. However, said document CL 1191-2014 does not disclose a system and method such as those of the present application, which allows to soften, cause microcracks, reduce hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining , crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks, as well as for all types of material with a high water content such as industrial and mining sludge, by controlling the humidification, temperature variation and the injection of electromagnetic waves. On the other hand, document CL 2700-2007 presents a process for recovering metal from sulfide ore which comprises passing microwave energy through the bed of sulfide material in a fluidized bed reactor, passing fluidizing gas through the reactor to oxidize the sulphides. metal and remove material containing oxidized metal from the reactor; and selected material that fails to solve the technical problem posed by this application and also presents different structural elements.
Finalmente, el documento US5003144, presenta un sistema que emplea una fuente de microondas para ablandar roca, pero no comprende las características de la presente invención, considerando principalmente que solamente utiliza una fuente de energía para ablandar la roca y posteriormente fracturarla con mayor facilidad. Finally, document US5003144, presents a system that uses a microwave source to soften rock, but does not understand the characteristics of the present invention, considering mainly that it only uses an energy source to soften the rock and subsequently fracture it more easily.
Descripción resumida de la invención Summary Description of the Invention
La presente invención corresponde a un sistema y método para ablandar, provocar microgrietas, fragmentar y romper rocas de mineral en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales. Dicho sistema y método, es posible extrapolarlo a la fragmentación de material con un alto contenido de agua como lodos mineros y lodos industriales en general, resolviendo los problemas presentes en el estado del arte detallado en los párrafos previos. Así, la presente invención, mediante ondas electromagnéticas - en particular mediante ondas electromagnéticas en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas (MMOO) - en forma de pulsos continuos, discontinuos, periódica o no periódicamente, provoca el agrietamiento de la roca, lo que permite facilitar y hacer "más livianas" las etapas posteriores de molienda, ahorrando de manera significativa el consumo de energía en dichas etapas e incrementando la velocidad y la eficiencia de la operación. The present invention corresponds to a system and method for softening, causing microcracks, fragmenting and breaking mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining, crushing processes and grinding of mineral rocks. Said system and method, it is possible to extrapolate it to the fragmentation of material with a high water content such as mining sludge and industrial sludge in general, solving the problems present in the state of the art detailed in the previous paragraphs. Thus, the present invention, by means of electromagnetic waves - in particular by electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range (MMOO) - in the form of continuous, discontinuous, periodically or not periodically pulses, causes the cracking of the rock, which allows facilitate and make "lighter" the subsequent stages of grinding, significantly saving energy consumption in these stages and increasing the speed and efficiency of the operation.
El problema técnico asociado, a la fragmentación con esta tecnología de ondas electromagnéticas en particular en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas, previa a las etapas convencionales aguas abajo, comprende entre otros elementos o componentes: un sistema de generación de ondas electromagnéticas en particular en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas en el interior del túnel, que comprende una pluralidad de generadores independientes ubicados de manera estratégica para irradiar microondas de manera homogénea al mineral; un extractor de vapor y/o vahos (éste último corresponde al vapor que expide el mismo cuerpo); una cinta o correa transportadora o un medio de transporte de la roca; un túnel o zona de inyección de ondas electromagnéticas; un sistema de humectación en el interior del túnel (opcional); una cámara de enfriamiento o reposo de la roca; un sistema de control automático (HMI); un sistema motriz conformado por motores y moto reductores; una cámara principal con bordes cóncavos para los rebotes; y una pluralidad de medidores y sensores de control de proceso. En otra modalidad de la presente invención, se tiene un sistema de recuperación de agua, para utilizarla por ejemplo en la humectación, creando un circuito cerrado. The technical problem associated with fragmentation with this electromagnetic wave technology in particular in the microwave frequency range, prior to the conventional downstream stages, includes among other elements or components: a system for generating electromagnetic waves in particular in the frequency range of microwaves inside the tunnel, which comprises a plurality of independent generators strategically located to radiate microwaves homogeneously to the mineral; a steam and / or steam extractor (the latter corresponds to the steam emitted by the same body); a belt or conveyor belt or a means of transporting the rock; a tunnel or zone of injection of electromagnetic waves; a humidification system inside the tunnel (optional); a cooling chamber or rock rest; an automatic control system (HMI); a motor system consisting of motors and motorcycle reducers; a main chamber with concave edges for rebounds; and a plurality of process control meters and sensors. In another embodiment of the present invention, there is a water recovery system, for use in humidification, for example, creating a closed circuit.
Dentro de las ventajas de la presente invención, es posible señalar que permite ablandar, , provocar microgrietas .disminuir la dureza, fragmentar y/o romper rocas de mineral en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales, así como para todo tipo de material con un alto contenido de agua como lodos industriales y mineros, mediante el control de la humectación, variación de temperatura y la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas - en particular mediante microondas, dicha tecnología a través de pulsos continuos, discontinuos, periódica o periódicamente, provocando el agrietamiento de la roca y el tratamiento efectivo de lodos industriales y mineros, facilitando y haciendo más liviana las etapas posteriores de molienda y conminución, incrementando la velocidad, la eficacia y eficiencia de la fragmentación, aumentando la productividad de todo el proceso, y reduciendo el consumo de energía asociado. Within the advantages of the present invention, it is possible to point out that it makes it possible to soften, cause microcracks. Decrease hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining, crushing and grinding processes of rocks. minerals, as well as for all types of material with a high water content such as industrial and mining sludge, by controlling the humidification, temperature variation and the injection of electromagnetic waves - in particular by microwaves, such technology through continuous pulses , discontinuous, periodically or periodically, causing the cracking of the rock and the effective treatment of industrial and mining sludge, facilitating and lightening the subsequent stages of grinding and comminution, increasing the speed, efficiency and efficiency of fragmentation, increasing the productivity of the entire process, and reducing the associated energy consumption.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
Para facilitar la comprensión de las características constructivas y funcionales de la presente invención se describe la figura 1. Donde se muestra el sistema completo de la presente invención. En dicha figura, es posible apreciar los distintos elementos que componen el sistema con las siguientes referencias numéricas: el chute de carga (1), el sistema motriz (2), la cinta transportadora (3), el túnel de ondas electromagnéticas en particular en el rango de las microondas - MMOO (4), la zona de enfriamiento (5), el chute de descarga (6), los generadores de ondas electromagnéticas independientes (7) y el sistema de humectación (8), éste último corresponde a una modalidad alternativa de la presente invención, es decir, es posible prescindir de su utilización. To facilitate the understanding of the constructive and functional characteristics of the present invention, Figure 1 is described. Where the complete system of the present invention is shown. In said figure, it is possible to appreciate the different elements that make up the system with the following numerical references: the load chute (1), the drive system (2), the conveyor belt (3), the electromagnetic wave tunnel in particular in the microwave range - MMOO (4), the cooling zone (5), the discharge chute (6), the independent electromagnetic wave generators (7) and the humidification system (8), the latter corresponds to a alternative embodiment of the present invention, that is, it is possible to dispense with its use.
En particular el sistema de la presente invención comprende, como se aprecia en la figura: In particular, the system of the present invention comprises, as seen in the figure:
El túnel de secado (4), cuyas funciones principales corresponden a: i) sirve como carcaza de protección de la cámara principal, contra golpes, clima u otros agentes externos como polvo, polución, etc. ii) una barrera contra la fuga de las ondas electromagnéticas (jaula de Faraday), iii) sirve de caja negra para proteger la invención de utilizar generadores independientes, su cableado, conexiones, disipación de temperatura y disposición estratégica en el manto de la cámara principal, iv) es el acceso para realizar mantención mecánica, eléctrica o electrónica a la cámara principal. The drying tunnel (4), whose main functions correspond to: i) serves as a protective housing of the main chamber, against bumps, weather or other external agents such as dust, pollution, etc. ii) a barrier against the leakage of electromagnetic waves (Faraday cage), iii) serves as a black box to protect the invention of using independent generators, their wiring, connections, temperature dissipation and strategic arrangement in the mantle of the main chamber , iv) is the access to perform mechanical, electrical or electronic maintenance of the main chamber.
La cámara principal presenta en todas las modalidades de la presente invención una geometría cilindrica, de prisma cuadrangular, hexagonal, pentagonal o triangular para lograr un máximo aprovechamiento de las ondas electromagnéticas generadas. Dichas geometrías también aseguran una homogénea irradiación de las ondas electromagnéticas y una penetración homogénea al producto o mineral en todos los sectores de la cámara. Sirve también para condensar con mayor facilidad el vapor de agua caliente generado por el calentamiento del lodo o mineral y el agua en el proceso, para así recuperarla con mayor facilidad y con métodos mecánicos conocidos. The main chamber has in all embodiments of the present invention a cylindrical, quadrangular, hexagonal, pentagonal or triangular prism geometry to achieve maximum use of the waves Electromagnetic generated. These geometries also ensure a homogeneous irradiation of electromagnetic waves and a homogeneous penetration of the product or mineral in all sectors of the chamber. It also serves to more easily condense the hot water vapor generated by the heating of the mud or mineral and the water in the process, in order to recover it more easily and with known mechanical methods.
Sistema de humectación (8), corresponde a un sistema alternativo u opcional para el correcto ablandamiento del lodo o mineral. Es posible humectar el producto mineral o lodo con agua a temperatura ambiente, cuidando que la humectación sea por toda la superficie. La humectación se realiza con aspersores que entregan el agua pulverizada, con un gasto mínimo de agua en el proceso. Debemos mencionar que el sistema de humectación puede utilizar cualquier tipo de agua para su funcionamiento, por ejemplo agua dulce, reciclada de otros procesos industriales e incluso agua proveniente del mar. Wetting system (8), corresponds to an alternative or optional system for the correct softening of the mud or mineral. It is possible to wet the mineral product or mud with water at room temperature, taking care that the humidification is all over the surface. The humidification is carried out with sprinklers that deliver the sprayed water, with a minimum expenditure of water in the process. We must mention that the humidification system can use any type of water for its operation, for example fresh water, recycled from other industrial processes and even water from the sea.
Es importante destacar, que el sistema de fragmentación de la presente invención, logra un funcionamiento adecuado, tanto con el sistema de humectación mencionado en el párrafo anterior, como en la ausencia de éste. Con respecto al método asociado a nuestra solicitud de patente, podemos mencionar la etapa de acondicionamiento, donde el mineral, roca o lodo es acondicionado elevando la temperatura a un valor predeterminado, con la finalidad de acondicionar el mineral, roca o lodo a una temperatura interna y externa, para que en la etapa posterior no sufra subidas drásticas de temperatura evitando procesos físico-químicos no deseados en el mineral o lodo como cambios en su estructura interna o metalización de los minerales. Este acondicionamiento se produce calentando el agua externa del mineral (etapa de humectación) y la parte interna por medio de calentamiento con ondas electromagnéticas, en particular en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas (MMOO). It is important to note that the fragmentation system of the present invention achieves proper functioning, both with the humidification system mentioned in the previous paragraph, and in the absence thereof. With respect to the method associated with our patent application, we can mention the conditioning stage, where the mineral, rock or mud is conditioned by raising the temperature to a predetermined value, in order to condition the mineral, rock or mud at an internal temperature and external, so that in the later stage it does not suffer drastic rises of temperature avoiding unwanted physical-chemical processes in the mineral or mud as changes in its internal structure or metallization of the minerals. This conditioning is produced by heating the mineral's external water (wetting stage) and the internal part by means of heating with electromagnetic waves, in particular in the microwave frequency range (MMOO).
Siguiendo con las etapas del proceso, podemos mencionar la etapa de fractura o ablandamiento de mineral o lodo, que como lo indica su nombre, aquí se produce la fractura interna del mineral o lodo, por consecuencia el ablandamiento de la roca. Este fenómeno se consigue inyectando pulsos de ondas electromagnéticas directo al mineral o lodo, las que actúan como verdaderos martillos en el interior de la roca, hasta alcanzar la fractura. Following the stages of the process, we can mention the stage of fracture or softening of mineral or mud, which as indicated by its name, here the internal fracture of the mineral or mud occurs, consequently the softening of the rock. This phenomenon is achieved by injecting pulses of electromagnetic waves directly to the mineral or mud, which act as real hammers inside the rock, until reaching the fracture.
Luego de la descripción de la presente invención, corresponde presentar en el próximo apartado, el pliego de reivindicaciones con las categorías de sistema y método. After the description of the present invention, it is appropriate to present in the next section, the list of claims with the categories of system and method.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Un sistema para ablandar, provocar microgrietas, disminuir la dureza, fragmentar y/o romper rocas de mineral en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales, así como para todo tipo de material como lodos industriales y/o mineros, riles y relaves, mediante el control de la humectación, variación de temperatura y potencia, y la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas - en particular mediante microondas - en forma de pulsos continuos, discontinuos, periódica o no periódicamente, provocando el agrietamiento de la roca y el tratamiento efectivo de lodos industriales y mineros, lo que permite facilitar y hacer más liviana las etapas posteriores de molienda y conminución, incrementando la velocidad, la eficacia y eficiencia de la fragmentación, aumentando la productividad de todo el proceso, y reduciendo el consumo, de energía asociado, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema comprende: 1.- A system to soften, cause microcracks, reduce hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining, crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks, as well as for all types of material as industrial and / or mining sludge, riles and tailings, by controlling humidification, temperature and power variation, and the injection of electromagnetic waves - in particular by microwaves - in the form of continuous, discontinuous, periodically or not periodically pulses, causing the cracking of the rock and the effective treatment of industrial and mining sludge, which facilitates and lightens the subsequent stages of grinding and comminution, increasing the speed, efficiency and efficiency of fragmentation, increasing the productivity of all process, and reducing the consumption, of associated energy, CHARACTERIZED because the system comprises:
a) un sistema de generación de ondas electromagnéticas en particular pero no limitadas a la frecuencia en el rango de las microondas en el interior del túnel, que comprende una pluralidad de generadores independientes ubicados de manera estratégica para irradiar ondas electromagnéticas de manera homogénea al mineral;  a) a system for generating electromagnetic waves in particular but not limited to the frequency in the range of microwaves inside the tunnel, comprising a plurality of independent generators strategically located to radiate electromagnetic waves homogeneously to the mineral;
b) un chute de alimentación de mineral;  b) a mineral feed chute;
c) un medio de transporte del mineral o correa transportadora;  c) a means of transporting the ore or conveyor belt;
d) un túnel o zona de inyección de ondas electromagnéticas; e) un sistema de humectación opcional en el interior del túnel; d) a tunnel or electromagnetic wave injection zone; e) an optional humidification system inside the tunnel;
f) un extractor de vapor y/o vahos;  f) a steam and / or steam extractor;
g) una cámara de enfriamiento o reposo del mineral;  g) a cooling or resting chamber of the mineral;
h) un sistema de control automático (HMI);  h) an automatic control system (HMI);
i) un sistema motriz conformado por motores y motoreductores; j) una pluralidad de medidores y sensores de control de proceso; k) una cámara principal con bordes cóncavos para los rebotes; y I) un chute de salida o descarga de mineral.  i) a motor system consisting of motors and geared motors; j) a plurality of process control meters and sensors; k) a main chamber with concave edges for rebounds; and I) an exit chute or discharge of ore.
2. - El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el ahorro de energía en las etapas posteriores aguas abajo está en un rango entre un 20 y un 80%. 2. - The system according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the energy saving in the downstream subsequent stages is in a range between 20 and 80%.
3. - El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la energía de las ondas electromagnéticas generadas varía en un rango entre 10 kW y 1000 kW. 3. - The system according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the energy of the generated electromagnetic waves varies in a range between 10 kW and 1000 kW.
4. - El sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque la dirección de los pulsos de frecuencia está en un rango entre 0.001 y 1 segundo. 4. - The system according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the direction of the frequency pulses is in a range between 0.001 and 1 second.
5. - Método para ablandar, provocar microgrietas disminuir la dureza, fragmentar y/o romper rocas de mineral en el campo de la minería, explotación minera, procesos de chancado y molienda de rocas de minerales, así como para todo tipo de material como lodos industriales y/o mineros riles y relaves, mediante el control de la humectación, variación de temperatura y la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas - en particular mediante microondas - en forma de pulsos continuos, discontinuos, periódica o no periódicamente, provocando el agrietamiento de la roca y el tratamiento efectivo de lodos industriales y mineros, lo que permite facilitar y hacer más liviana las etapas posteriores de molienda y conminución, incrementando la velocidad, la eficacia y eficiencia de la fragmentación, aumentando la productividad de todo el proceso, y reduciendo el consumo de energía asociado, CARACTERIZADO porque el método comprende las siguientes etapas: 5. - Method to soften, cause microcracks to reduce hardness, fragment and / or break mineral rocks in the field of mining, mining, crushing and grinding processes of mineral rocks, as well as for all types of material such as sludge industrial and / or mining riles and tailings, by controlling the humidification, temperature variation and the injection of electromagnetic waves - in particular by microwaves - in the form of continuous, discontinuous, periodically or not periodically pulses, causing the cracking of the rock and the effective treatment of industrial and mining sludge , which allows to facilitate and make lighter the subsequent stages of grinding and comminution, increasing the speed, efficiency and efficiency of fragmentation, increasing the productivity of the whole process, and reducing the associated energy consumption, CHARACTERIZED because the method comprises The following stages:
a) acondicionar el mineral, roca o lodo es acondicionado elevando temperatura a un valor predeterminado, con la finalidad de acondicionar el mineral, roca o lodo a una temperatura interna y externa, para que en la etapa posterior no sufra subidas drásticas de temperatura y se evitan procesos físico-químicos no deseados en el mineral o lodo como cambios en su estructura interna o metalización de los minerales, este acondicionamiento se produce calentando el agua externa del mineral (etapa opcional de humectación) y la parte interna por medio de calentamiento mediante la inyección de ondas electromagnéticas - en particular ondas electromagnéticas en el rango de frecuencia de las microondas - en forma de pulsos continuos, discontinuos, periódica o no periódicamente;  a) conditioning the mineral, rock or mud is conditioned by raising temperature to a predetermined value, in order to condition the mineral, rock or mud at an internal and external temperature, so that in the later stage it does not suffer drastic temperature rises and it avoid unwanted physical-chemical processes in the mineral or mud as changes in its internal structure or metallization of the minerals, this conditioning is produced by heating the mineral's external water (optional wetting stage) and the internal part by means of heating by injection of electromagnetic waves - in particular electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range - in the form of continuous, discontinuous, periodic or non-periodic pulses;
b) fracturar o ablandar el mineral o lodo, que como lo indica su nombre, aquí se produce la fractura interna del mineral o lodo, por consecuencia el ablandamiento de la roca, este fenómeno se consigue inyectando pulsos de ondas electromagnéticas directo al mineral o lodo, las que actúan como verdaderos martillos en el interior de la roca, hasta alcanzar la fractura. b) fracture or soften the mineral or mud, which as indicated by its name, here the internal fracture of the mineral or mud occurs, consequently the softening of the rock, this phenomenon is achieved by injecting pulses of electromagnetic waves directly to the mineral or mud , which They act like real hammers inside the rock, until they reach the fracture.
6. - El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, CARACTERIZADO porque el ahorro de energía en las etapas posteriores aguas abajo está en un rango entre un 20 y un 80%. 6. - The method according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED because the energy saving in the downstream subsequent stages is in a range between 20 and 80%.
7. - El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, CARACTERIZADO porque la energía de MMOO está en un rango entre A kW y B kW. 7. - The method according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED because the MMOO energy is in a range between A kW and B kW.
8. - El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, CARACTERIZADO porque la dirección de los pulsos de frecuencia está en un rango entre 0.001 y 1 segundo. 8. - The method according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED because the direction of the frequency pulses is in a range between 0.001 and 1 second.
PCT/CL2016/000053 2015-09-25 2016-09-23 System for softening, creating microcracks, reducing hardness, fragmenting and/or breaking mineral rocks in the field of mining WO2017049417A1 (en)

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